საქართველოს სამოციქულო ეკლესიის...

432 mitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropolitimitropoliti a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e a n a n i a j a f a r i Z e

Ta v i VI

qarTuli eklesia VII saukuneSi

. . . m a muli d a ero v n e b a m i aS v el as a m R vd elo e b a m rjuls , rjuli _ m a muls a

d a ero v n e b a s a d a e gr eT mo ZR vr e bulm aer m a e s s a m e b a wa i m ZR v ar a wi n . . .

ilia marTaliilia marTaliilia marTaliilia marTaliilia marTali

433saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istorias aqarTvelos samociqulo eklesi is istoria

qveynis zogadi mdgomareobaVII saukuneSi

VI saukunis II naxevarSi gardaicvala qarTlis mefe bakuri. `mokuda

bakur da darCes Svilni misni wurilni, romelni ver ipyrobdes mefobasa~.1

qarTlSi gauqmda mefoba. saukunis bolos sparseTis mefem hormizdma Tavi-

si Ze, qasre (xosro) ambarvezi gamogzavna saqarTvelos mosazRvre terito-

riebis mmarTvelad. bardavSi mjdomma qasrem qarTlis erisTavebi gadaibi-

ra, aRuTqva maT didi sikeTe, ris gamoc isini ganudgnen qarTvel mefeTa

taxts da saTiTaod uxdidnen xarks qasres, rac saxelmwifos daSlas

niSnavda. amis Semdeg male sparseTSi SeiWrnen Turqebi da berZnebi. qasre

iZulebuli gaxda mietovebina bardavi da sparseTSi wasuliyo. Seqmnili

mdomareoba qarTvelebma Tavisi saxelmwifos aRdgenisaTvis gamoiyenes.

`esreT ra ucalo iqmnes sparsni, maSin SeiTqunes yovelni erisTavni

qarTlisani, zemoni da quemoni, da wagzavnes mociquli winaSe berZenTa

mefisa da iTxoves, raTa uCinos mefe naTesavTagan mefeTa qarTlisaTa da

raTa iyvnen erisTavni igi TYsTYssa saerisTaosa Seucvalebelad~.2.

keisars aRusrulebia qarTveli erisTavebis Txovna _ `maSin keisarman

aRasrula Txovna maTi, da mosca mefed diswuli mirdatisi, vaxtangis Zisa,

berZnis colisagan, romelsa erqva guaram, romeli mTavrobda klarjeTs da

javaxeTs~.3

guaram kurapalati dedis mxridan farnavazian-xosroiani yofila, xolo

mamis mxridan bagratovani. keisarma guaram kurapalats daaqiravebina Crdil-

okavkasielebi da Seagzavnina sparseTSi. sparseTSi SeWrili mebrZolebi

daamarcxa mxedarTmTavarma bahram Cubinma. berZenTa jarma da misma mokav-

Sireebma sparseTi datoves. amis Semdeg gamarjvebuli bahram Cubini aujany-

da sparseTis mefes, daamarcxa is da Camoagdo taxtidan. mefis Ze bizantiaSi

gaiqca. keisarma mas Tavisi asuli miaTxova, misca jari da Segzavna sparseT-

Si. qasrem, anu xosro II-m (591-628) daamarcxa ajanyebulebi da gamefda.

`am daxmarebis samadloblad xosro II-m, somexi istorikosis sebeosis

sityviT, iberiis mometebuli nawili q. Tbilisamde mavrike keisars gadasca.

es unda momxdariyo 591 wels. am daTmobis Sedegad iberia kvlav orad

gaiyo. amasTanave iberiis dasavleTi nawili q. Tbilisamde bizantiis xelSi


gadasula, xolo aRmosavleTi nawili isev sparsTa batonebs SerCenia. mefe

xosrom amas garda Tavis samefoSi qristianobis Tavisufleba gamoacxada~.4

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, siZesa da simamrs, anu xosrosa da mavrike

keisars Soris sazavo SeTanxmebisas, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miqcevia

qarTuli eklesiis saqmes. kerZod, bizantia amtkicebda, rom sparsTa batono-

bis dros saqarTveloSi qristianoba Seiryvna _ `mZlavrebisagan... iqmnis

garyunil qarTli~. amitomac berZenTa mxarem xosros moTxovna wauyena:

`...vinaATgan srulsa siyuarulsa zeda varT me da Sen da qarTli Cuen

Soris iyavn Tavisufal mSYdobiT: me var mwe da mouravi yovelTa qarTvel-

Ta da yovelTa qristianeTa~.5 amis Semdeg, 591 wlidan daaxloebiT 604

wlamde, saqarTvelo ganTavisuflebula sparsTa batonobisagan _ ̀ ganTavisu-

fldes qarTvelni da ese guaram kurapalati dadga morCilebasa zeda

berZenTasa~.6

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ am cnobas exmianeba uxtanesi, romelic amtkicebs,

rom kirionma Tavisi cnobili moZraoba daiwyo mavrike keisris uSualo

mxardaWeriT, e.i. qarTlis sparsTagan Tavisuflebis dros. marTlac, kirio-

ni somexTagan `ganyofisaTvis~ moZraobis dawyebas ver gabedavda sparsTa

saqarTveloze batonobis dros. man isargebla im momentiT, roca bizan-

tielebma saqarTvelo TiTqmis Tbilisamde gaaTavisufles. marTalia, 604

wlidan 607-609 wlebis CaTvliT saqarTvelo kvlav sparseTis zegavlenas

ganicdis, magram am wlebSi _ ierusalimis dapyrobamde _ xosro II-s gamocx-

adebuli hqonda qristianTa Tavisufleba. uxtanesis Tanaxmad, `sumbatma...

keisris nebac Seityo, rom Tanaxmaa kirionis da misi brZanebiT ariso es

ambavi~. z. aleqsiZe daaskvnis: ̀ sparseTis mefes axlad dapyrobil qveynebSi

religiis Tavisufleba ucvnia... kirionis religiur politikaSi CarTulia

bizantiis keisari da yvelaferi misi brZanebiT xdeba~.7

guaram kurapalatis Zem, stefanozma, ̀ mefobisa saxeli ver ikadra spars-

Ta da berZenTa SiSisagan, aramed erisTavTa mTavrad xadodes~.8 igi ̀ atarebda

patrikiozis bizantiur tituls, Semdeg ganudga bizantias da sparseTis

orientaciis gzas daadga~.9 stefanozis orientaciis Secvla gamoiwvia poli-

tikurma viTarebam _ mavrike keisari da misi memkvidreebi daxoca ajanye-

bulma mxedarTmTavarma fokam. sparsTa mefe xosro II aRaSfoTa simamrisa

da colisZmebis daxocvam, SeiWra saberZneTSi da foka daamarcxa. am dros

`stefanoz, mTavari qarTlisa, SeuSinda mefesa sparsTasa, ganudga berZenTa

da mieqca sparsTa~.10

604 wlidan xosrom gadamwyveti upiratesoba moipova bizantiasTan brZo-

laSi amierkavkasiis teritoriaze. sparseTis es upiratesoba 620-ian wle-

bamde grZeldeba.11

607 wlisaTvis `qarTlidan bizantielebi ukve gandevnes sparselebma,

magram aq maT Tavisi xelisufleba jer kidev mtkiced ar daumyarebiaT~.12


swored am mizeziT unda aixsnas am wlebSi sparseTis mier religiuri

Tavisuflebis gamocxadebis faqtic.

z. aleqsiZis azriT `VII saukunis pirvel aTeulSi qarTli Zlieri sax-

elmwifoa...~13 marTlac, qarTlis Zlierebis safuZvels qmnida aRmosavleT-

dasavleT saqarTvelos faqtiuri gaerTianeba, ris Sedegadac dasavleT

saqarTvelosac ̀ qarTli~ ewodeboda. qarTlis Zliereba imaSic gamovlinda,

rom man Tamamad miiRo is sarwmunoebrivi orientacia, romelic Tavisi

erovnuli arsebobis safuZvlad miaCnda. kirionis gabeduli moqmedeba, cxa-

dia, qarTlis siZlieres emyareba. `juanSeris monaTxrobidan aseTi viTare-

ba warmogvidgeba: bizantiis politikuri uflebis qveS guaram kurapalatis

mTavrobiT (Tu mefobiT) erTiandeba qarTli da aRdgeba leonti mrovelis-

agan aRwerili ̀ yoveli qarTlis~ farglebSi (daaxloebiT im rva saerisTa-

vos farglebSi, romelic farnavazma ̀ ganaCina~)~.14

sruliad icvleba qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba 613-614 wlebidan _

xosro II-is mier ierusalimis aRebis Semdgom. am dromde is yvela qris-

tianul adgilobriv eklesias met-nakleb sarwmunoebriv Tavisuflebas ani-

Webda, ierusalimis aRebis Semdgom man gasca mkacri brZaneba: `yvela Cemma

qveSevrdomma qristianma unda miiRos somxuri sarwmunoeba~. es brZaneba

sruliadac ar iyo lmobieri. ZalaSi Sedioda qarTlisaTvisac...~15

ierusalimis aRebis Semdeg, daaxloebiT 614 wels xosro II-m moiwvia

saeklesio, e.w. ̀ sparsuli kreba~, romelsac Zalze didi mniSvneloba eniWe-

boda. misi gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba savaldebulo iyo sparseTis imperi-

aSi moqceuli yvela eklesiisaTvis, maT Soris qarTuli eklesiisTvisac.

`bizantiaze gamarjvebis pirvel etapze, sebeosis mixedviT, xosros dapy-

robili qveynebisaTvis marTlac miucia religiis Tavisufleba da `xorcie-

li samsaxuriT~ dakmayofilebula, magram ierusalimis ̀ wartyvevis~ Semdeg

xosrom radikalurad Seicvala pozicia da e.w. `sparsuli krebac~ swored

amitom moiwvia~.16

es kreba mouwveviaT sparseTis samefo karze. Zveli wyaroebi aRniSnaven,

rom VI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi kavad mefisa da misi Zis, xosro I-is dros

yvela qristians ufleba eZleoda somexTa, anu somxuri sarwmunoebis Sevi-

wroebis gareSe hqonoda Tavisi aRmsarebloba. VII saukunis I naxevarSi ki,

xosro II-s gaucia brZaneba, rom mis yvela qveSevrdom qristians mieRo

somxuri sarwmunoeba. adre `kavad mefem da misma Zem xosrom gasces brZane-

ba: `TiToeulma Tavis sarwmunoeba ipyras da nuravis eqneba somexTa Sevi-

wroebis ufleba...~.17 614 wlis krebis dadgenilebis safuZvelze ki xosrom

daadgina: `yvela Cemma qveSevrdomma qristianma unda miiRos somxuri sarw-

munoeba~.18 xosro II-is es brZaneba mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba misi winamorbedis,

xosro I-is gankargulebisagan. Tu xosro I aravis aZlevda Tavis imperiaSi

somxuri sarwmunoebis Seviwroebis uflebas, xosro II imperiaSi mcxovreb

yvela qristians avaldebulebda mieRo somxuri sarwmunoeba.


uTuod xosro II-is brZanebis Sedegs unda warmoadgendes, rom qarTlis

kaTalikosic da erismTavari stefanozic monofizitebi gamxdaran: `spar-

sul-somxuri orientaciis mqone monofizit stefanozsa da kaTalikos bar-

Tlomes upirispirdebian bizantiur-qalkedonuri (ukeT, Semrigebluri) partiis

warmomadgenlebi _ kirioni, adarnase da sxvebi~.19

`616_622 wlebi sparselTa ganuyofeli warmatebis xanaa~,20 amitomac ̀ her-

akles laSqrobamde qarTlis saxelmwifo religia monofizituria~.21

mematianis cnobiT, stefanoz erismTavari ̀ iyo urwmuno da uSiSi RmerTi-

sa, ara hmsaxura RmerTsa, arca hmata sjulsa da eklesiaTa~.22 stefanozi

mcxeTis jvris didebuli taZris erT-erTi maSenebelia. mematianis gan-

sazRvra, TiTqosda stefanozma `ara hmata eklesiaTa~, imiTaa gamowveuli,

rom erismTavari ar aris qalkedoniti.

`stefanoz mTavrobda yovelsa qarTlsa zeda, da dajda igi tfiliss, da

hmorCilebda igi sparsTa~.23 ̀ yoveli qarTli~ maSin ewodeboda erTian saqarTve-

los _ Savi zRvidan da egriswylidan, vidre albaneTamde.

monofizitTa batonoba qarTlSi didxans ar gagrZelebula. maT aRzeve-

bas bolo mouRo herakle keisris laSqrobam sparseTSi, romelic

saqarTvelodan daiwyo. heraklem `...Sekribna spani uricxuni da warmoemar-

Ta sparseTad Zebnad Zelisa cxovrebisasa da movida pirvelad qarTls~.24

zogierTi wyaros Tanaxmad, herakle pirvelad trapezundis sanaxebSi mivi-

da, romelsac ̀ sofeli megrelTa~ ewodeboda.

`aman stefanoz ara ineba gandgoma sparsTagan, da ganamagrna cixe-qalaq-

ni, da dadga tfilissa Sina. mivida herakle mefe da moadga tfilissa...

Camoagdes stefanoz da mokles. da daipyra keisarman tfilisi~.25 xolo

Tbilisis cixe ver aiRo, romlis mecixovneebmac mas mwared dascines.

sparsTa winaaRmdeg laSqrobisas, sruliad gasagebi mizezebis gamo, her-

akles miemxro qarTlis erTi nawili da gansakuTrebiT ki, dasavleTi

saqarTvelo. orive es mxare qalkedonituri iyo. herakles laSqrobas ki

qalkedonitTa gamarjveba da monofizitTa damxoba unda gamoewvia.

saqarTvelos samxreT-aRmosavleTi mxaris qarTveloba garkveuli xnis

manZilze somxuri eklesiis gavlenis qveS moeqca. aq monofizituri, anu

sparsuli orientacia sWarbobda, ris gamoc gugarq-qvemo qarTli TbilisiTurT

sparseTis erTguli darCa. saqarTvelos qalkedonurma nawilma ki herak-

les qveSevrdomoba manamde SeinarCuna, vidre am ukanasknelma Tavisi damp-

yrobluri buneba ar gamoamJRavna. `herakles erTi wlis Semdeg undoda...

xosros Sehbmoda, magram jarma, metadre ki lazebma, afxazebma da iberebma

mokavSireoba ar moindomes, xolo rodesac herakles sparsTa laSqari

moewia, lazebma da afxazebma mokavSireobaze keisars uari uTxres da

Sinisaken gaemgzavrnen~.26

heraklem sparseTze orjer gailaSqra 623-624 da 626 wlebSi, rodesac

igi lazikaSi Cavida.27


`somex istorikos mose kalankatuels q. Tbilisis aReba dawvrilebiT

aqvs aRwerili da misi cnobebi bevrad gansxvavdeba qarTveli mematianis

moTxrobisagan. somexi mematianis sityviT, herakle mefes 626 wels meSve-

lad imier-kavkasiidan gadmouyvania jibRu xakani... 627 w. gadmovida Turme

imier-kavkasiaSi, imave wels herakle keisari da jibRu xakani SeerTebuli

mxedrobiT... Tbiliss miadga~.28 herakle keisarma sastikad daamarcxa xos-

ro II da sparseTis saxelmwifo ganadgurebamde miiyvana, manamde ki man

saqarTvelos mmarTveli erismTavrebis dinastia dasaja, CamoarTva qveynis

meTauroba bagrationebs da misca xosroianebs, kerZod, mokluli stefanozis

magier man daniSna adarnase: `maSin keisarman mouwoda Zesa bakurissa,

qarTvelTa mefisasa, naTesavsa daCisasa, vaxtangis Zisasa, romeli erisTaob-

da kaxeTs, romelsa erqua adarnase, da misca mas tfilisi da mTavroba

qarTlisa~..29

mematiane stefanozis dasjisa da misi STamomavlobis erismTavrobidan

CamoSorebis mizezsac asaxelebs: `amisTYs uyo ese RmerTman mTavarsa mas

stefanozs, rameTu ara mindobiTa RmerTisaTa cxovndeboda da morwmuneTa

emtereboda da urwmunoTa moyurobda~.30 qalkedoniti mematiane, urwmunoeba-

Si gulisxmobs ara cecxlTayvanismcemlebs, aramed monofizitebs, xolo

morwmuneebs uwodebs qalkedonitebs. stefanozi, mcxeTis jvris maSenebeli,

cxadia, qristiani iyo, rogorc Cans, monofiziti.

mefis ojaxis garda, herakles sastikad dausjia rigiTi qarTveli qris-

tianebi (SesaZloa monofizitebi). mas qveynis mTavari qalaqebis, Tbilisisa

da ujarmis eklesiebSi Seurekia qarTveli qristianebi da iq amouxocavs.

Turme eklesiebidan sisxlis mdinareebi dioda. herakles axsovda, rom

sparseTze laSqrobis dros qarTvelma monofizitebma, `stefanozma da

msaxurTa misTa~, didi winaaRmdegoba gauwies. ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ mixed-

viT, `herakle ganwmida Sjuli qristeAsi da wavida~.31 qristes Sjulis

ganwmendaSi, albaT, igulisxmeba, sparseTis momxre monofizitebis dasja da

qalkedonitebis gamarjveba.

heraklem es sasjeli ar ikmara. qarTul eklesias waarTva udidesi siwmide-

ni _ `ferxTa ficarni da samsWualni uflisa Cuenisa iesos qristesni... Sewux-

na adarnase, qarTlisa mTavari, da evedreboda keisarsa, raTa ara warixunes

niWni igi RmrTisamierni. ara ismina keisarman vedreba misi da warixuna~.32

herakle keisarma mkacrad dasaja qarTuli saxelmwifoc: `maSin kualad

wariRes berZenTa sazRvari qarTlisa: speri da bolo klarjeTisa, zRYs

piri~.33 es, albaT, lazebis Ralatisa da sparseTTan omis dros urCobi-

saTvis sasjeli iyo.

SavizRvispireTi klarjeTis bolodan dawyebuli, kvlav berZenTa xelSi

gadavida iseve, rogorc vaxtang gorgaslis siWabukis dros. amis Semdgom

qarTlis am mitacebul teritoriebze, anu fazissa da lazikaze, daaxloe-


biT 630-iani wlebidan IX saukunemde da Semdgomac, saeklesio iurisdiqcias

axorcielebs konstantinopolis sapatriarqo. qalkedonis krebis Tanaxmad,

eklesiis sazRvari unda emTxveodes saxelmwifos sazRvars. berZenTa poli-

tikuri Zalaufleba dasavleT saqarTvelos Suagulamde gavrcelda, amitom

am sazRvrebSi moqceuli qarTuli eklesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos

iurisdiqciaSi Sevidoda. daaxloebiT am dros (631 wels) fazisis mitro-

politi kirosi, romelic, z. aleqsiZis azriT, mcxeTidan gaZevebuli kironi

iyo, gadaiyvanes aleqsandriis patriarqad, romelsac berZnebi ar hyvarebia

da arabTa Semosevis dros gauZevebia isini egviptis qalaqebidan. aseT

mopyrobas imsaxurebda herakle keisari qarTuli eklesiis gansakuTrebuli

sisastikiT dasjisaTvis.

gansxvavebulia herakles damokidebuleba somxuri eklesiisadmi. ̀ wyaroebi

mas somxuri warmoSobisad Tvlian...~34 herakle keisars imperiis siZlieris

safuZvlad sarwmunoebrivi erToba miaCnda, amitomac am miznis ganxor-

cielebisTvis igi yvela Rones xmarobda. imperiis centraluri nawili

qalkedonituri iyo, xolo aRmosavleTis sxvadasxva xalxebiT dasaxlebuli

provinciebi, ZiriTadad, monofizituri. aRmosavleTis am monofizitebis av-

toritetuli lideri im droisaTvis iyo somxuri eklesia, romelic, faqto-

brivad, monofizituri arabizantiuri mimdinareobis centrad aqcia sparse-

Tis imperiam. heraklem gadawyvita mieRwia monofizitTa da qalkedonitTa

erTianobisaTvis. man daiwyo molaparakeba somxuri eklesiis meTaurebTan.

`herakle keisari friad dainteresebulia somxebTan religiuri uniis SekvriT~.35

`monofizitebTan unia misi sasicocxlo programa gaxda~.36 marTlac, herak-

lem warmatebas miaRwia somxebTan molaparkebis dros da ̀ ...630 wels miaRwia

unias somexTa kaTalikos ezrasTan~.37 somxeTi daemorCila unias~.38

amis Semdeg, mTeli VII saukunis manZilze, somxur eklesias ufro qalke-

donituri eTqmis, vidre 726 wlis manaskertis krebamde.

somxuri eklesia VII saukuneSi kvlav lideria amierkavkasiis masStabiT

ise, rogorc VI saukuneSi. Tu VI saukuneSi is sparseTisaTvis misaRebi da

aRiarebuli eklesia iyo, axla ukve VII saukuneSi, Tavisi moqnili poli-

tikis wyalobiT, bizantiisaTvis misaRebi da nebadarTuli eklesia gaxda.

TviT sparseTze gamarjvebuli bizantiis imperatori herakle masTan mola-

parakebas awarmoebs da erTobis xelSekrulebas debs, amave dros ki, herak-

lem sastikad dasaja qarTuli eklesia. somxuri eklesiis siZlierem da

avtoritetma aRmosavleTis qristianebSi iZulebuli gaxada herakle keisa-

ri masTan molaparakeba ewarmoebina.

herakles laSqrobis Semdeg, somxuri eklesia iseve aris qalkedonituri,

rogorc qarTuli eklesia. isini kvlav erTmorwmuneni arian, erTmorwmuneo-

bis gamo ki, somxur eklesias saSualeba mieca kvlav ganecxadebina Tavisi

pretenziebi qarTul eklesiaze uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba es iyo


erT-erTi mizezi imisa, rom qarTuli eklesiis mesveurebi iZulebulni gamx-

daran, antioqiis sapatriarqosaTvis eTxovaT qarTuli eklesiis avtokefali-

is dasturi, raTa arc erT mezobel eklesias masze ufleba ar hqonoda.39

antioqiis am krebis gadawyvetileba odnav mainc Seanelebda somxuri

eklesiis pretenziebs qarTul eklesiaze.

634-644 wlebisaTvis arabebs ukve damorCilebuli hqondaT siria, pales-

tina da iranis didi nawili.

`bizantiis keisris, herakles, simkacriTa da sarwmunoebrivi mZulvarebiT

mobezrebuli da ukmayofilo aRmosavleTis erebi arabebs Tavdapirvelad

sixaruliT egebebodnen da berZenTa monobisagan ganmaTavisufleblad sTv-

lidnen. amgvari Sexedulebis damyarebas xels uwyobda da amtkicebda,

rasakvirvelia, is utyuari garemoeba, rom Tavdapirvelad, arabebi sxva sar-

wmunoebas (kerpTayvanismcemlobis garda), metadre ki qristianobas, Tavisu-

flebas aniWebdnen da lmobierad epyrobodnen, oRond ki dawesebuli gada-

saxadi sindisierad gadaexadaT~.40

`aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi arabebi batonobdnen 657 wlamde, rodesac arab-

Ta Soris daiwyo Sinauri areuloba da brZola, romelic gaTavda 661 wels~.41

arabTa mbrZanebeli iZulebuli gamxdara dazaveboda keisar konstantine

III-s da misTvis xarkic ki eZlia. 678 wels daido xelSekruleba bizantiasa

da arabebs Soris. es xelSekruleba Seicavda pirobas, rom saberZneTsa da

arabebs saqarTvelo Tanabrad eqnebodaT gayofili, an Tanasworad iba-

tonebdnen masze: ...kvipri, somxiTi da iberia maT saerTod Tanasworad

eqmnebodaT. es xelSekruleba cxadad gviCvenebs, rom arabebis batonoba

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi am dros Seryeuli yofila da bizantia maT isev

Sescilebia~.42

680 wels konstantinopolSi mowveuli iqna msoflio saeklesio kreba.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTis Tanaxmad, VI msoflio kreba moiwvia imper-

atorma konstantine IV poRonatma (668-685). am krebas ganuxilavs qarTuli

eklesiis sruli damoukideblobis sakiTxi. miucia am damoukideblobisaTvis

msoflio aRiareba. krebas qarTuli eklesiis meTaurisaTvis miuniWebia

ufleba etarebina patriarqis tituli.

aqamde am sasuliero pirs qarTlis kaTalikosi erqva. krebas ganuxilavs

qarTuli eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefaliis sazRvrebi.

Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom am dros imave CanarTis mixedviT, antioqiis

sapatriarqomac qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs daudgina patriarqis, mociqul-

Ta taxtze mjdomisa da mociqulTa magieris wodeba. antioqiis sapatri-

arqos es dadgenileba Semdgom maleve daumtkicebia VI msoflio krebas.43

antioqiam qarTuli eklesiis sazRvrad dasavleTiT daadgina Savi zRva _

`pontos zRvidam darubandis zRvamde~.44 VI msoflio krebas iurisdiqciis

sazRvrad daudgenia: _ kaxeTi, Saqi, Sirvani, kavkasiis mTianeTi, svaneTisa da


CerqezeTis sazRvramde, oseTi.45 konstantinopolis sapatriarqo im dros

SavizRvispireTs epatroneboda, rac aisaxa kidec krebis dadgenilebaSi,

vinaidan VI msoflio krebas (680-681 wlebSi) kanonebi ar gamoucia, am

sakiTxze msjelobisas unda daveyrdnoT `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTs.

`amis krebisa mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTYs,

romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa, viTarca wmidani samo-

ciqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriaqoni, da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa

swori patriaqTa Tana~.47 am msoflio krebam daadastura qarTuli eklesi-

is mier mironis adgilze kurTxevis ufleba.

692 wels konstantinopolSi kvlav Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelsac

`gumbadis~, anu trulis kreba ewodeba. es iyo ara VI msoflio saeklesio

kreba, aramed man, kanonikuri TvalsazrisiT, Seavso V-VI msoflio krebebis

naRvawi da gamosca kanonebi. trulis krebis kanonebSi asaxva ver upovia

680-81 wlebis msoflio krebis gansazRvrebebs qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb,

rac, SesaZloa, Secvlili politikuri viTarebis Sedegi iyo.

qarTuli eklesia V saukunidanve avtokefaluri iyo, magram VII saukune-

Si am sakiTxis kvlav wamoWra da dadastureba ganapiroba somxuri eklesi-

isagan ganyofis faqtma. qarTul eklesias aRar surs somxurTan `erTobis~

aRdgena. esaa SesaZlo Semotevisagan Tavdacva.

688-689 wlebSi iustiniane II-s sardals mouwyvia laSqroba amierkavka-

siaSi, `...dauxocinebia iq myofi arabebi, xolo somxeTi, iberia da albania,

agreTve sxva qveynebic, keisrisaTvis daumorCilebia~.48

nerse qarTlis erisTavs arabTa sardalic daumarcxebia da qarTlidan

ganudevnia, xolo dasavleT saqarTvelo, piriqiT, aujanydeba bizantielebs

da arabebis Zalis imedi aqvs.49

saqarTvelo VII saukunis bolosaTvis ibrZvis ara marto saeklesio,

aramed politikuri damoukdeblobisaTvisac.

iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis cvlilebaVII saukuneSi

qalkedonis krebis dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi

unda emTxveodes saxelmwifo sazRvrebs, anu samoqalaqo-administraciuls.

amitomac, saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis

dros qarTuli eklesia Tavis uflebamosilebas dasavleT saqarTveloze-

dac avrcelebda, radganac es teritoria mirianis saxelmwifoSi Sedioda

iseve, rogorc wina saukuneebSi, farnavazis Semdgom. ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaA~,

VII saukunis Zegli, miiCnevs, rom qarTvelTa gansaxlebisa da qarTuli

saxelmwifos dasavleTi sazRvari jer kidev qristeSobamde ramdenime sauku-

niT adre gadioda Sav zRvasa da mdinare egriswyalze. vaxtang gorgaslis


mier daarsebuli saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos dasavleTi sazRvari, wesis

Tanaxmad, unda damTxveoda saxelmwifos sazRvars, romelic gadioda Sav

zRvasa da egriswyalze gorgaslis siWabukis dros, xolo Semdeg sazRvarma

ukve Sav zRvas da mdinare klisuraze gadainacvla.

VI saukune umZimesi saukune iyo qarTuli eklesiisa da saxelmwifos-

aTvis, magram sagangebod aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli sazogadoebrivi insti-

tutebi ar cnobdnen qarTuli saxelmwifos gauqmebas VI saukuneSi. am

saukunis katastrofa droebiT movlenad miaCndaT, romelic male gamos-

wordeboda. am ideidan gamomdinare, qarTuli eklesia VI saukuneSi dasav-

leT saqarTvelos Tavis kanonier iurisdiqciaSi Semaval teritoriad miiC-

nevda, cdilobda masze Tavisi iurisdiqciis gavrcelebas da axorcielebda

kidec VII saukunis 30-ian wlebamde, herakle keisris mier dasavleT saqarTve-

los zRvispira teritoriebis mitacebamde.

VI saukunis bolosa da VII saukunis dasawyisSi dasavleT saqarTveloze

qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcias adasturebs is faqtic, rom somexi istori-

kosebi kirions ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mamamTavrad, aramed

dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosadac miiCneven.

mecnierTa umravlesobis mier aRiarebulia, rom `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~

aris VII saukunis Zegli, yovel SemTxvevaSi, is saqarTvelos gaerTianebaze

adrea Sedgenili. misi avtori eyrdnoba `pirveli qarTveli istorikosis~

_ grigol diakonisa da Cven dromde mouRwevel werilobiT wyaroebs.50

grigol diakons, k. kakabaZis azriT, 380-400 wlebSi dauweria `mcire

moqcevaA qarTlisaA~. m. TarxniSvili ki miiCnevs, rom `grigolis Sroma

Sedgenili unda iyos araugvianes VII saukunis meore naxevrisa, SeiZleba V

saukuneSic~.51

amas yuradReba miaqcia n. berZeniSvilma. is wers _ `moqcevaA~ ueWvelia,

Zvel gadmocemebs emyareba, iberiis erTianobis xanas da `yoveli qarTli~...

aq niSnavs iberias, romelSiac kaxeTic Sedis, kuxeTic, erwo-TianeTic da

sakuTriv qarTlic~.52

mecnieri ar iziarebs miRebul Tvalsazriss Zeglis IX saukuniT daTar-

iRebis Sesaxeb da wers, rom SeuZlebelia am Txzulebis avtors IX saukune-

Si ecxovra. es wyaro mas `iberiis erTianobis xanaSi~ dawerilad miaCnia.

iberia erTiani iyo VI saukunemde, sparsTa mier mefobis gauqmebamde da

SeiZleba guaram kurapalatis drosac. n. berZeniSvils sjera am wyarosi

da qarTlis aRmosavleTi sazRvrebis aRniSvnisas, romelSic Sedis kaxeTi

da kuxeTi, mis monacemebs eyrdnoba. magram ratom ar unda daveTanxmoT am

wyaros qarTlis dasavleTis sazRvrebis gadmocemisas? wyaros Tanaxmad,

qarTlSi Sedioda ara marto kaxeTi da kuxeTi, aramed egrisic. `moqcevaA

qarTlisaAs~ mimarTeba egrisTan dakavSirebiT sagangebod Seiswavla s.

janaSiam. mkvlevari aanalizebs `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ cnobas _ `Tana


hyvanda aleqsandres mefesa azoA ZH arian qarTlisa mefeisaA da mas

miuboZa mcxeTaA sajdomad da sazRvari daudva mas hereTi da egriswyali

da somxiTi da mTaA crolisa~ _ da ambobs: `amrigad, yovel eWvs gareSea,

rom avtorisaTvis `qarTlis~ politikur cnebaSi Sedis ara marto kaxeTi,

aramed egrisic. rac ar unda gvian gadmoitanon matianis saboloo re-

daqciis dro, IX saukunes igi mainc ver gadmoscildeba, e.i. es literatu-

ruli Zegli bevrad adrindelia saqarTvelos gaerTianebis xanaze~.53

`matiane qarTlisaAs~ cnoba, rom egrisi qarTlSi uZvelesi droidan

Sedis, rogorc erT-erTi provincia, srul TanxmobaSia `qarTlis cxovre-

basa~, sxva qarTul da ucxour wyaroebTan, romelTa Tanaxmadac, samxreTidan

gadmosaxlebuli qarTveli xalxi daesaxla vrcel teritoriaze egriswyl-

idan, vidre hereTis CaTvliT.

d. musxeliSvilis azriT, V saukuneSi dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo

gaerTianebulia. qarTlSi Sedis egrisi _ `vaxtang gorgaslis mefobis peri-

odi (V s-is meore naxevari) saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiis Tval-

sazrisiT uaRresad mniSvnelovani movlenebiT aRiniSna: gaerTianda aRmosav-

leTi (iveria) da dasavleTi (egrisi, afxazeTis garda); am erTiani samefos

farglebSi Semovida albaneTis momijnave mxareebic (hereTi, kambeCani)~.54

Tu V saukuneSi qarTuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi Sedioda dasavleT

saqarTvelo Sav zRvasa da afxazeTamde, saeklesio kanonebis Tanaxmad, qarTul

eklesias Tavisi iurisdiqcia kidevac unda ganexorcielebina dasavleT

saqarTvelos teritoriazec, sadac am dros (V s-Si) wirva-locva qarTul

enaze aResruleboda.

zemoT moyvanil wyaroebsa da mecnierTa daskvnebs efuZneba Cveni azri

imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTuli eklesia gaerTianda ara VII da, miT umetes, ara

IX-X, aramed IV-V saukuneebSi. am dros aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelo-

Si arsebobda erTi eklesia mcxeTis meTaurobiT.

mosazreba, rom V saukuneSi egrisis dasavleT nawilSi RvTismsaxureba

aResruleboda ara qarTul, aramed berZnul enaze, dausabuTebelia, radga-

nac ar arsebobs romelime wyaro, romelic am Sexedulebas daadasturebda.

didi mecnieruli mniSvneloba aqvs d. musxeliSvilis mosazrebas, rom

egrisis dasavleT nawilSi V-VI saukuneebSi wirva-locva qarTul enaze

aResruleboda (da ara IX-X ss-dan, rogorc aqamde iyo miRebuli): `amgvar-

ad, gamodis, rom uZvelesi droidanve (V s-dan?) egrisis aRmosavleT nawil-

Si oficialuri qristianuli kulti qarTul enaze sruldeboda, gansxvave-

biT misi dasavleTi nawilisagan, sadac RvTismsaxureba berZnulad iyo.

saamisod arc is aris umniSvnelo, rom VII-IX ss. bizantiur noticiebSi,

sadac CamoTvlilia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebuli

lazikis eparqiis fasidis samitropolitos oTxi saepiskoposo kaTedra,

mxolod erTi _ rodopolisis (varcixis) kaTedraa, romelic qveynis Signi-


Taa, danarCeni sami ki samitropolitosTan erTad an zRvispirasaa _ fasidi

(foTi), petra (cixisZiri), ziganevi (gudayva), anda arcTu ise moSorebiT

zRvisagan _ saisini, saisi (caiSi)~.55

arsebobda Tu ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi V-VI saukuneebSi berZnuli

saepiskoposoebi? am faqtis damamtkicebeli araviTari sabuTi ar arsebobs.

wyaroebSi mxolod VII saukunidan moixsenieba berZnuli saepiskoposoebis

arseboba. amitomac unda davaskvnaT, rom V-VI saukuneebSi dasavleT

saqarTveloSi ar Cans berZnuli saepiskoposoebi. maTi arsebobis mtkiceba

usafuZvloa.

cnobilia, rom VI saukuneSi berZnebi TavianT garnizonebs ayenebdnen dasavleT

saqarTvelos zRvispireTSi (zogjer skanda-Sorapnamde), aages cixe-qalaqi

petra. berZnebi TavianTi jariskacebisaTvis daaarsebdnen ara saepiskopo-

soebs, aramed eklesiebs aaSenebdnen. safiqrebelia, rom bizantielTa jars

moZravi eklesiebi emsaxureboda. es mdgomareoba, garkveulwilad, SezRudav-

da qarTul eklesias dasavleT saqarTveloSi, magram VI saukuneSic qarTu-

li eklesia kvlav axorcielebs Tavis uflebamosilebas am qveyanaze. amis

damadasturebelia rogorc werilobiTi wyaroebi, aseve arqeologiuri mo-

napovari. werilobiTi wyaroebidan _ somexi istorikosebisa da vaxuStis

cnobebi, arqeologiuri monapovridan gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa foTSi aR-

moCenili masalebi, kerZod, foTis gareuban yulevSi arqeologebma aRmoaCines

Tixis sabeWdavi, romelzedac amoWrilia qarTuli aso, agreTve samSeneblo

masala, romelzedac amotvifrulia qarTuli asoebi.56

Tu dasavleT saqarTveloSi V saukuneSi qristianoba arcTu ise farTod

iyo gavrcelebuli, VI saukuneSi aq misi gavrcelebisaTvis stimuli miucia

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qristianuli centrebidan mosaxleobis ltol-

vas. 523 wels qarTvelTa mefe ojaxiTa da didi amaliT, agreTve dide-

bulebiT, gadavida dasavleT saqarTveloSi, mefes qristianobisa da, gan-

sakuTrebiT, qalkedonitobis mimdevari mosaxleobac Tan gahyveboda, radga-

nac aRmosavleTSi qalkedonitobas devnidnen. qalkedoniti qarTveli saek-

lesio moRvawenic gadavidodnen dasavleT saqarTveloSi. aseTi ltolva

ara marto VI saukuneSi, aramed VII saukunis dasawyisSic yofila. magali-

Tad, z. aleqsiZe wers kirion qarTlis kaTalikosze: `es kirioni unda iyos

kiros fazisis mitropoliti, romelic 623 wlidan Cndeba berZnul wyaroeb-

Si~.57 mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom kirionic gadasula dasavleT saqarTveloSi.

ltolvili qarTveli qalkedoniti saeklesio pirebis gadasvla dasavleT

saqarTveloSi VI saukuneSi gamoiwvevda axali qarTuli saeklesio centre-

bis, eklesia-monastrebis daarsebasa da adgilobrivi qarTvelebis ufro

aqtiur Cabmas saeklesio cxovrebaSi. qarTuli qalkedonuri monasteri

unda yofiliyo vaSnaris nageboba das. saqarTveloSi (guriis wina qedebSi):

`vaSnaris naSenoba sakmaod mogvagonebs ujarmisas, romelsac kidevac utolde-

ba vaSnari, raRac SualedebSi mainc~.58


vaSnari SeiZleba swored V saukunis gorgaslisdroindeli Senobaa, an

VI saukuneSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan ltolvil qalkedonitebs egris-

Si gadautaniaT mSeneblobis wesi _ wyoba.

vaSnaris `zRudisa da SenobaTa perangis Tanabarkvadratovani, horizon-

talurad wesieri wyoba imeorebs qarTlis aRmosavleT ganapiras mdgari

ujarmis cixe-darbazisa da ramdenime Soriaxlo Zeglis wyobas, romelsac

Cven pirobiTad `ujarmuls~, an `gorgaslurs~ vuwodebT da romelTac ar

moepovebaT analogi arc sakuTriv bizantiursa da arc egrisSi, iqauri

gavleniT naSen ZeglebSi. es ki egrisisa da qarTlis mWidro kulturuli

urTierTobis erT niSnad unda miviCnioT~.59

qarTuli eklesiis arseboba dasturdeba ara marto foTsa da vaSnarSi,

aramed TviT bizantielTa mier aSenebul qalaq petraSic (cixisZiri). petra-

Si eklesiaTa Senobebic qarTuli stiliT uSenebiaT. amaze miuTiTebs cix-

isZirSi samnaviani bazilikis Txrisas aRmoCenili `bolnur-jvriani~ qva.60

dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTuli eklesiis gavlena sruliad bunebrivad

aRiqmeba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom araTu dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed TviT

siria-palestinasa da egvipteSic ki (TebeSi) qarTvelebs VI saukunesa da

VII s-is dasawyisSi monastrebi uSenebiaT. aq qarTvelebSi megrelebic

(lazebi) igulisxmeba. amis damadasturebeli isaa, rom petre ibers Tavisi

cnobili monasteri palestinaSi martos ki ar auSenebia, aramed mTavari

qtitori petres Semdeg yofila ioane lazi. palestinis am monastris

warwerebi, wirva-locvis ena aq qarTulia; misi maSenebeli da erT-erTi

xelmZRvaneli _ winamZRvari egriselia. aqedanac Cans, rom egriselTaTvis

wirva-locvis ena qarTuli yofila.

VI saukuneSi, vaxuStis Tanaxmad, egrisis vakeze, quTaisidan foTis mima-

rTulebiT, mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda, xolo egri-

sis mTianeTze (raWa-leCxumze) _ niqozis saepiskopososi.

somxuri wyaroebis mixedviT, VI saukunis bolos kirioni, `winandeli

wesis Tanaxmad~, egrisis, gugarqisa da qarTlis arqiepiskoposad, anu kaTa-

likosad iqna nakurTxi. ras gulisxmoben ̀ winandel wesSi~ somxuri wyaroe-

bi? cxadia imas, rom V saukuneSi da VI saukunis dasawyisSic, kirionamdec,

qarTlis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi egrisic Sedioda.

vaxuStis Tanaxmad, V-VII saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesia erTiani iyo, aRmo-

savleT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebobda saeklesio erToba. amdroindel

saeklesio erTobas ewodeba `erToba qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis dros~. VII

saukunis Semdgom, ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, 720 wels, dasavleT saqarTvelo-

Si daarsda adgilobrivi sakaTalikoso, e.i. gaiyo erTiani eklesia. am pro-

cess vaxuSti ̀ ganyofas~ uwdebs. is wers: ̀ ars xons eklesia didi, gumbaTiani,

mSvenier-nagebi, zis episkopozi mwyemsi vakisa, es iyo erTobasa Sina qarTlis

mTavarepiskopozisa: Semdgomad ganyofisa dasves aqa episkopozi~.61


qarTuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, qarTuli eklesiis istoriaSi saeklesio er-

Toba arsebobda orjer: pirvelad VIII saukunis dasawyisamde, xolo meored

_ X-XIV saukuneebSi. amitomac, vaxuSti ganmartavs, rom xonis ̀ vake~ qarTlis

samwysoSi Sedioda `mTavarepiskopozobis~, anu kaTalikoz-mTavarepiskoposo-

bis dros da ara kaTalikos-patriarqobis dros _ XI saukunis Semdeg.

`vaxuStis am cnobidan, romelic, eWvi ar aris, mas romeliRac Zveli wyarodan

unda hqondes, gamodis, rom erTiani samefos arsebobis pirobebSi vake imereTi,

anu `samoqalaqo~, qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis iurisdiqcias emorCileboda.

erTiani saqarTvelos monarqiis arsebobis dros aseTi movlenis warmoqmna

gaugebaria. safiqrebelia, rom igi gacilebiT ufro Zveli drois nayofia da

maincdamainc im droisa, rodesac egrisi Zlieri qarTlis kulturul eqspan-

sias ganicdida. SesaZlebelia, es friad saintereso faqti dakavSirebuli

iyos im movlenasTan, romelic fiqsirebulia somxur wyaroSi da romlis

mixedviT, `winandel wesTa magaliTisamebr~, VII s-is dasawyisSi qarTlis

kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia egrisis garkveul nawilze vrceldeboda~.62

`winandel wesTa magaliTisamebr~, qarTlis kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia unda

gavrcelebuliyo ara egrisis erT nawilze, aramed mTel dasavleT

saqarTveloze, radganac kanonikurad eklesiis sazRvari saxelmwifo sazR-

vars unda damTxveoda, saxelmwifo sazRvari ki Sav zRvasa da egriswyalze

(imJamad ukve klisuraze) gadioda. asea V saukuneSi mainc. amitomac wirva-

locvis ena _ qarTuli _ jer kidev VII saukunemde mTel dasavleT

saqarTveloSi iyo gavrcelebuli. swored VII saukuneSi icvleba es mdgomar-

eoba. 630-iani wlebidan herakle keisari SavizRvispireTs uerTebs bizantias,

ris Semdgomac, dasavleT egrisSi aRikveTa qarTuli ena. qarTulis magier aq

dawesda berZnuli RvTismsaxureba, daarsda berZnuli saepiskoposoebi.

VII saukunis dasawyisSi, erekles laSqrobamde, dasavleT saqarTveloSi

kvlav grZeldeba qarTuli tipis saeklesio nagebobebis Seneba, rac am

mxareSi qarTuli eklesiis uflebamosilebaze miuTiTebs. amis magaliTia,

WyondidSi jvris tipis taZris ageba. g. CubinaSvilis daskvniT, is 630-ian

wlebamde aSenda. Wyondidis qarTuli eklesia martod ar gamoiyureba, man-

amde dasavleT saqarTveloSi msgavsi nagebobebi iyo, rasac adasturebs

petras qarTuli eklesia, vaSnaris naSenoba, foTis adrefeodaluri xanis

SenobaTa naSTebi, romelzedac qarTuli asoebia gamoyvanili.

VI saukunis meore naxevarSi qveynis saerTo ekonomikuri aRmavlobisa da

sparsTagan gaTavisuflebis Sedegad, ̀ neladrH Sekrba qarTli~, ̀ faqtiurad,

es iyo qveynis konsolidaciis, `qarTlis Sekrebis~ da `yoveli qarTlis~

Seqmnis im mniSvnelovani procesis xelaxali wamowyeba, romelsac V s-is

meore naxevarSi safuZveli Cauyara vaxtang gorgasalma, magram sagareo

Zalis, sasanuri iranis Zalmomreobis gamo, daaxloebiT naxevari saukuniT

Seferxda. VI s-is meore naxevridan axalgazrda feodaluri qarTli axa-


li energiiT kvlav iwyebs am didi erovnuli saqmis ganxorcielebas. iseve

rogorc vaxtang gorgasali, axlac qveynis mesveurebi Tavisi miznebisaTvis

iyeneben qristianul eklesias. erovnul-ideologiuri konsolidaciis pro-

cesi axali ZaliT iSleba qarTlis da egrisis teritoriazec. amis Sesani-

Snavi mowmobaa jvris tipis qristianuli taZrebis mSenebloba qarTlsa,

kaxeTsa da egrisSi; kirionis xeldasxma gugarqis, qarTlis da egrisis

kaTalikosad~.63

qarTuli eklesia ara marto V-VI saukuneebSi iyo erTiani, aramed VII

saukuneSic, kerZod, VII saukunis 30-ian wlebamde, herakle keisris mier

zRvispira teritoriebis mitacebamde. VII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis

erTobis sakiTxs exeba z. aleqsiZis kirionisadmi miZRvnili naSromi, erT-

erT qveTavSi _ `qarTuli da somxuri wyaroebi VII saukunis damdegs

qarTlisa da egrisis saeklesio erTianobis Sesaxeb~.64

mkvlevari saintereso azrs aviTarebs VI saukunis movlenebis Sesaxeb:

`aSkaraa, sparselTa SexedulebiT lazika, svaneTi da iberia erTmaneTs

Camocilebulia garkveuli politikuri viTarebis gamo da saTanado pirobebi

Tu Seiqmna, maTi erTianobis dasabuTeba SeiZleba. sparselebma, Cans, ician is,

rac dRes Cven ukve gviWirs warmovidginoT: aRmosavluri da dasavluri

gaerTianebebis politikuri mTlianoba...~65 amasve miuTiTebs balazoris cno-

ba, rom qarTli, anu jurzani moicavs ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos,

aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosac da gadis Sav zRvaze. `...balazoris cno-

biT... eranis Sahma xosro anuSirvanma (VIs.) jurzanSi aago Semdegi cixe-

simagreebi: firuzkobadi, lazikis kari, barikas kari _ trapezuntis zRvas-

Tan, darialani, samcxis kari, jardamani (qarT. _ gardabani) da samSvilde~.66

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos politikur mTlianobaze mudmivad

da dabejiTebiT weren: `qarTlis cxovreba~, `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~ da VIII

saukunemdeli sxva wyaroebi. qveynis politikuri erTianoba misi xalxis

eTnikur erTobas emyareboda. aRniSnuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, mTel saqarTvelo-

Si, anu `qarTlSi~, rogorc isini uwodebdnen, egriswylidan da SavizRvi-

spireTidan, hereTis CaTvliT, erTi, qarTveli xalxi cxovrobda.

VII saukunis dasawyisis Sesaxeb s. janaSia aRniSnavs: `Zalian mniSvnelo-

vani iyo is garemoeba, rom sakmaod grZeli periodis ganmavlobaSi (daax-

loebiT VI s-is 70-iani wlebidan VII s-is 60-ian wlebamdis) TiTqmis mimde-

mad (an mcire wyvetilebiT) egrisi da qarTli erT saerTo saeklesio-

religiuri farvatersa da bizantiis erTiani politikuri egidis qveS

eqcevian. ise, rogorc adre irani, axla bizantiis mTavrobac ecdeboda

garkveuli organizaciuli Tanxmoba daemyarebina adgilobriv eklesiebs

Soris. ra konkretuli saxiT xorcieldeboda igi, amJamad gadaWriT Zneli

saTqmelia, magram swored am dros raRac saeklesio-kulturuli gavlena

ki unda gavrcelebuliyo qarTlidan egrisSi... am mxriv, Zalian sainteresoa


erTi Zveli somexi istorikosis cnoba, rom kirioni... qarTvelTa, gugarelTa

(gugareTi _ qarTvelTa sapitiaxSo) da megrelTa arqiespikoposad yofila

xeldasxmuli `pirvandel wesTa~ Tanaxmad...~67 s. janaSia `...jer aRniSnuli

erTianobis TariRad daaxloebiT 610-650 wlebs Tvlida, Semdeg 630-650

wlebze SeCerda...~.68 `qarTlisa da egrisis eklesiebi VII saukunis damdegs

erT organizmad Tu ara, mWidrod erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulad mainc war-

moudgenia somex istorikos CamCians~68. `...analogiuria qarTul matianeebSi

warmodgenili suraTic... juanSeriT VIII s-is damdegs egrisSi adgilobrivi

dinastia sul ar Cans da mTeli qveyana afxazeTis samTavros sazRvramdis

qarTlis erismTavrebs ekuTvnis~.69 ̀ aSkaraa, juanSers VII s-is meore naxeva-

rSi egrisi qarTlis Semadgenel nawilad miaCnia. imis Tqma, rom juanSers

meqanikurad gadaaqvs gviandeli viTareba adre xanaSi, ar iqneboda gama-

rTlebuli... amrigad, juanSeris monaTxrobidan aseTi viTareba warmogvidgeba:

bizantiis politikuri uflebis qveS guaram kurapalatis mTavrobiT (Tu

mefobiT) erTiandeba qarTli da aRdgeba leonti mrovelisagan aRwerili

`yoveli qarTlis~ farglebSi (daaxloebiT im rva saerisTavos farglebSi),

romelic farnavazma `ganaCina~.70

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTianobis periodi, z. aleqsiZis gamokv-

leviT, modis ara 630-650 wlebze, rogorc fiqrobda s. janaSia, aramed

daaxloebiT 570-630/40 wlebze.

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTianoba daarRvia herakle keisris

laSqrobam. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, heraklem saqarTvelos (qarT-

lis) saxelmwifos mniSvnelovani SavizRvispira teritoriebi CamoaWra.

z. aleqsiZe wers: `qarTul-sasanuri dramebi daaxloebiT VI saukunis

ukanasknel 30 welze da VII saukunis pirvel 30-40 welze modis, e.i.

swored im xanaze, romelSic Tavsdeba qarTul-somxuri tradiciiT aRmosav-

leT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTianobis periodi...~71

z. aleqsiZem gaarkvia, rom gaerTianebul aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTve-

los VI-VII saukuneebSi ewodeboda `yoveli qarTli~. ase rom, `qarTli~

dasavleT saqarTvelos pirvelad uwodes ara giorgi merCulis epoqaSi,

aramed gacilebiT adre, wina saukuneebSi. qarTuli matianeebis Tanaxmad,

dasavleTi saqarTvelo qarTlis saxelmwifoSi Sedioda farnavaz mefidan,

vidre vaxtang gorgaslis CaTvliT da Semdgom.72

`iv. javaxiSvilis dakvirvebiT, ̀ amisTana SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sityvas ̀ qarTli~

farTo da sazogado mniSvneloba hqonda, umatebdnen xolme `yoveli~, an

`erTobili~ da ambobdnen xolme ̀ yoveli qarTli~, ̀ erTobili qarTli~.73

qarTuli tipis saeklesio nagebobebis mSenebloba dasavleT saqarTve-

los zRvispira provinciebSi grZeldeba herakle keisris Semosevebamde,

ufro zustad, am miwebis aneqsiamde bizantiis mier, 630-ian wlebamde.

martvilis jvris tipis taZari swored 630 wlamde, herakles mier

qarTuli zRvispireTis mitacebamde aSenda. amis Semdeg martvili da Wyondi-


dis sanaxebi (ise, rogorc dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva miwebi) konstantinop-

olis sapatriarqos iurisdiqcias gadaeca da daaxloebiT 200 wlis Semdeg

daibruna qarTulma eklesiam. cxadia, berZnuli saepiskoposoebi maT daqvem-

debarebaSi myof miwaze qarTuli tipis saeklesio Senobis agebis nebas

aravis darTavdnen. amitomac, martvilis taZari berZnebis iurisdiqciamde,

630 wlamde, unda aSenebuliyo. es TariRi zustad daadgina g. CubinaSvilma:

`marto jvris tipis nagebo-

bebis gaTvaliswineba kmara,

rom Tvalwin dagvidges saek-

lesio-ideologiuri erTiano-

ba `yoveli qarTlisa~, Tanac

imave farglebSi, rogorc far-

navazis dros, gvamcnobs le-

onti mroveli. mcxeTis jvari

Sendeba kaxeTisa da qarTlis

sazRvarze; aSenebdnen kaxeTis,

Sida qarTlisa da klarjeT-

javaxeTis patronebi. Sida qa-

rTlSi _ ateni, kaxeTSi _ Su-

amTa, egrisSi _ martvili. yvela es Zegli sul ocdaaTiode wlis produq-

tia da daaxloebiT 600-630-ian wlebSi eteva. aRniSnuli wlebi ki stefanoz

I da adarnase qarTlis erismTavrebis zeobaze modis... aRniSnuli 30 weli-

wadi zustad kirion kaTalikosis moRvaweobis xanaa, swored im kirionis,

romelic ioane drasxanakertelis cnobiT, iyo qarTlis, gugarqisa da egri-

sis arqiepiskoposi~.74

VI saukunis bolo da VII saukunis dasawyisi iyo epoqa gorgaslisdroin-

deli qarTuli saxelmwifos aRorZinebisa. es iyo aRdgena, ayvaveba-restavracia

qarTuli sazogadoebrivi institutebisa da am axladaRorZinebul `yovel

qarTls~ fexze dadgomis saSualeba ar misca ara arabobam, aramed herakle

keisris laSqrobam.

arabebis Semosevis dros qarTuli saxelmwifo, faqtobrivad, ganadgure-

buli iyo herakle keisris mier, ramac arabebs gauadvila daSlili qarT-

lis damorCileba. faqtobrivad, arabebs `qarTli~, rogorc erTiani poli-

tikuri erTeuli, arc daxvedriaT. heraklem daamxo ara marto sparsTa

saxelmwifo, aramed misi nawilobriv mokavSire qarTlis saxelmwifoc, Zalze

daasusta da dasaja igi.

herakles mier qarTuli saxelmwifosa da eklesiis dasjas TiTqmis ar

moepoveba analogiebi qarTveli eris xangrZlivi istoriis manZilze. swored

am dros moxda qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis damcroba.

saerTod Zneli gasagebia, Tu ra mizezis gamo dasaja heraklem qarTuli

saxelmwifo da eklesia. Tu es ganapiroba mefe-erismTavar stefanozisa da


qarTlis erTi kuTxis (Tbilis-gugarqis) sparselebTan TanamSromlobam, ma-

Sin keisris risxva ar unda dastexoda qarTlis udides qalkedonitur

nawils. magram heraklem qarTli, misi mrwamsis miuxedavad, mTlianad, er-

Tianad dasaja. saerTod, herakle Zalze sastiki kaci iyo, aRmosavleTis

qristianebs ise sZuldaT is, rom sixaruliTa da aRtacebiTac ki Sexvdnen

arabebs da, faqtobrivad, maT, musliman dampyroblebs gadasces aRmosavleTi.

WeSmaritebasTan, albaT, axlos viqnebiT, Tu vityviT, rom heraklem qarTli

dasaja ara sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobisaTvis, aramed keisars afrTxobda

qarTlis saxelmwifos aRorZineba zRvidan albaneTamde. I-IV saukuneebSi da

adrec qarTlis saxelmwifo, faqtobrivad, erTaderTi tradiciuli metoqe

iyo kavkasiaSi jer romis, Semdeg ki rom-berZenTa imperiisa. herakles

afrTxobda iberiis Zveli saxelmwifos aRorZineba da misi mezobloba.

iberia CrdiloeTis karebis gasaRebis mflobeli iyo da am gasaRebs Tavis

saxelmwifo interesebisaTvis xSirad gadascemda xolme xan romaelebs, xan

sparselebs. sparseTis saxelmwifos damxobis Semdeg heraklem misi poten-

ciuri momxre qarTli Zalze daasusta. man, `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da sumb-

atis qronikis Tanaxmad, qarTlis samefo dinastiis _ bagrationebis xos-

roianebiT Secvlis Semdeg, qarTul saxelmwifos CamoaWra mniSvnelovani

teritoriebi zRvispireTSi. es iyo Zalze mniSvnelovani faqti qarTuli

eklesiis istoriaSi _ Seicvala eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari. matiane

wers: _ `maSin kualad wariRes berZenTa sazRvari qarTlisa: speri da

bolo klarjeTisa, zRYs piri~.75 heraklem mTeli SavizRvispireTi miuerTa

Tavis imperias. bunebrivia, es teritoriebi saeklesio (qalkedonis) kanonTa

Tanaxmad, gamovida qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciidan da Sevida bizantiis

(konstantinopolis sapatriarqos) iurisdiqciaSi, radganac eklesiis sazRvrebi

saxelmwifo sazRvrebs unda damTxveoda.

berZnuli saepiskoposoebis teritoriuli ganlagebidan kargad Cans, qarTuli

eklesiis romeli teritoriebi Sevida konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi.

cnobilia, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi ganlagebuli berZnuli saepiskopo-

soebi bizantiur noticiebSi Cndeba herakles laSqrobis Semdeg, VII sauku-

nis pirveli mesamedidan. VII saukunemde arc erTi berZnuli saepiskoposo

ar moixseneba binaztiur noticiebSi, aq igulisxmeba mdinare egriswylidan

petras CaTvliT moqceuli teritoria.

dasavleT saqarTvelos aneqsirebuli teritoriebi konstantinopolis sa-

patriarqom Seiyvana lazikis eparqiaSi. am eparqiis foTis (fazisis) samit-

ropolitoSi Sedioda oTxi saepiskoposo, adre qarTuli eklesiis iuris-

diqciaSi myof teritoriaze ki Semdegi berZnuli saepiskoposoebi daarsda:

1. TviT foTis (fasoi) samitropolito kaTedra;

2. petras (petronis, cixisZiris) saepiskoposo kaTedra;

3. ziginevis (gudayva) saepiskoposo kaTedra;


4. saisinis (caiSi) saepiskoposo kaTedra;

5. rodopolisis (vardcixis) saepiskoposo kaTedra.

unda vivaraudoT, rom yvela es berZnuli saepiskoposo VII saukuneSi

erTdroulad ki ar daarsebula, aramed TandaTan. Tu rodopolisi namd-

vilad baRdaTis raionis varcixea, maSin berZnuli saepiskoposoebis teri-

toriuli ganlagebidan gamomdinareobs, rom ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ terminSi

`zRvispiri~, igulisxmeboda mTeli istoriuli egrisi, anu teritoria Savi

zRvidan da egriswylidan skanda-Sorapnis xazamde, romelic istoriulad

iberia-egrisis sazRvrad iTvleboda. viwro mniSvnelobiT iberiis (qarT-

lis) sazRvari egrisTan gadioda skanda-Sorapnis xazze, xolo farTo gage-

biT _ egrisi iberiaSi Sedioda.

dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani provinciis _ argveTis didi naw-

ili kvlav qarTlis samefoSi darCa. igi ar Sesula bizantiis imperiaSi,

amitomac masze iurisdiqcias kvlavindeburad axorcielebda qarTuli da

ara berZnuli eklesia. aq wirva-locvis ena berZnuli arasdros yofila.

Tu aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi herakle keisarma eklesiebSi qarTveli

qristianebi daaxocina (`eklesiaTa Sina mdinareni sisxlTani diodes~ _

sumbatis qronikidan), dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani nawili Camo-

acila qarTul eklesias.

VII saukunis 30-ian wlebSi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis dasavleTi

sazRvari Seicvala da amis Semdeg egriswyalsa da Savi zRvis nacvlad

gadioda skanda-Sorapnis xazze _ argveTSi. istoriul egrisze konstantinop-

olma ganaxorciela Tavisi iurisdiqcia, rac kargad Cans trulis 692 wlis

saeklesio krebis xelismomwerTa siidanac, romelSic bizantiel episkoposTa

Soris moxsenebulni arian foTisa da petronis (cixisZiris) episkoposebi.

`ganyofa~ qarTul da somxureklesiaTa Soris

k. kekeliZe wers: `somxebisagan eklesiurad CamoSoreba, romelsac adg-

ili hqonda VII saukunis dasawyiss, moxda, rogorc cnobilia, sxvaTa Soris,

erovnul-kulturuli ideologiis safuZvelzedac. qarTvelebi amieridan

miznad isaxaven TandaTanobiT ganTavisuflebas aRmosavluri saeklesio

tradiciebisagan. am niadagze warmoiSva gamwvavebuli polemika somxebTan,

romelic iqamde mivida, rom qarTvelebma warsulSic ki uaryves yovelgvari

kulturul-eklesiuri urTierToba somxebTan...~76

ganxeTqileba, romelsac qarTveli da somexi istorikosebis Tanaxmad,

Sedegad mohyolia `ganyofa~ am eklesiaTa Soris, Sedegi yofila imdroin-

deli politikuri situaciisa.


p. ingoroyva kargad gadmoscems qveynis mdgomareobas: `iberiaSi me-6

saukunis 70-ian wlebSi moxda ajanyeba iranelTa batonobis winaaRmdeg, rac

dasrulda erovnuli xelisuflebis aRdgeniT iberiaSi, magram mdgomareoba

iberiis am axali xelisuflebisa ar iyo mtkice; amis gamoxatulebaa, kerZod,

is faqtic, rom iberiis xelisuflebis meTauri atarebs ara `mefis~, aramed

`erismTavris~, anda `didi erisTavis~ tituls. im dros arsebul saerTa-

Soriso viTarebaSi iberiis Zveli `samefos~ aRdgena ver moxerxda.

iberiis am axal xelisuflebas uxdeba meryeoba or gareSe Zalas _ iransa

da bizantias Soris. 590-604 wlebSi iberia bizantiis gavlenis sferoSi

moeqceva; Semdeg 605 wlidan, vidre 620-ian wlebamde, iberiaSi isev iranis

batonoba damyarda; xolo 620-iani wlebidan irakli keisris aRmosavleTSi

laSqrobis droidan, iberia kvlav bizantiis gavlenis sferoSia moqceuli~.77

570-iani wlebidan 604 wlamde, roca saqarTvelo moqceuli iyo bizantiis

gavlenis sferoSi, qarTuli eklesia sruliad qalkedonituria da aRar

imyofeba somxuri eklesiis zegavlenis qveS. miuxedavad amisa, am or moZme

eklesias mainc aqvs urTierTkavSiri, albaT, kulturul-sulieri. magaliTad,

momavali qarTlis kaTalikosi kirioni daaxloebiT am periodSi jer somx-

eTSi moRvaweobs, sadac is episkoposia, Semdgom ki gadmodis qarTlSi.

mdgomareoba sruliad icvleba 604 wlidan, bizantiaze sparseTis warmate-

biT gamarjvebebisa da amierkavkasiis sparseTisadmi daqvemdebarebis Semdgom.

Tuki 570-iani wlebidan, vidre 604-605 wlebamde qarTuli eklesia somxuri

eklesiisagan sruliad damoukidebeli iyo, 604/5 wlebidan somxeTs ucdia

qarTuli eklesia kvlav moeqcia Tavisi zegavlenis qveS iseve, rogorc iyo

VI saukunis 50-70-ian wlebamde. 604/5 wlebidan somxuri eklesiis cdas _

daemorCilebina qarTuli eklesia, saqarTveloSi gamouwvevia sapirispiro

reaqcia, rasac 607-609 wlebSi Sedegad mohyva ̀ ganyofa~ qarTul da somxur

eklesiaTa Soris. somexTa kaTalikosma abraamma aukrZala somxebs raime

kavSiri hqonodaT qarTvelebTan. TviT somxuri wyaroebis Tanaxmad, somxuri

eklesiisagan sruli damoukidebloba qarTveli eris yvela fenis survili

yofila. maT saerTo miswrafebas axorcielebda qarTlis didi kaTalikosi

kirioni. rogorc smbat marzpanis epistoledan Cans, somxuri mxare qarTvelebs

afrTxilebda, rom Tu qarTuli eklesia kvlav gaagrZelebda somxeTisagan

damoukideblobis kurss, igi amas Seatyobinebda sparseTis mefes da dasji-

da ara marto eklesias, aramed saerTod qveyanas. marTlac, 614 wels

sparseTis saxelmwifom gamosca brZaneba, romlis ZaliTac yvela qristiani

ara marto amierkavkasiaSi, aramed mis mTel imperiaSi, unda damorCileboda

somxur eklesias, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, maT gaasaxlebdnen. Cans, 614 wlis

e.w. ̀ sparsuli krebis~ Semdeg, saqarTveloSi mravali monofiziti gaCenila.

amas xels isic Seuwyobda, rom TviT erismTavari stefanozi sparsuli

orientaciisa iyo da mtrulad daxvda berZnebs.


bunebrivia, antibizantiuri politikis gatarebisas, saqarTvelos mefe-

mTavrebi antiqalkedonitebi iqnebodnen. antiqalkedonitoba ZiriTadi piroba

iyo antibizantiurobisa. sparseTis TvalsazrisiT, antibizantiurobis gamox-

atva dapyrobil qristianebs mxolod da mxolod antiqalkedonuri mrwam-

sis aRiarebiT SeeZloT. sparseTis mier dapyrobil saqarTveloSi anti-

qalkedonitoba aucilebeli iyo, magram es imave dros somxuri eklesiisad-

mi daqvemdebarebas niSnavda _ esec sparseTis mier moTxovnili antibizan-

tiurobis gamoxatvis aucilebeli piroba iyo. Tu mosaxleobis, an qveynis

romelime Temi im dros somxuri eklesiis mimarT loialur politikas

daiWerda, Tavis Tavs somxuri sarwmunoebis matareblad, an somxuri eklesi-

isadmi daqvemdebarebulad gamoacxadebda, mas garantirebuli hqonda sparseTis

imperiisagan garkveuli SeRavaTebi da uSiSroeba. aseTi mdgomareoba mo-

saxleobaSi popularuls xdida `somxur sarwmunoebas~ _ `somxobas~.

somexi istorikosis, ioane mamikonianis matianidan irkveva, rom antibizan-

tiur politikas, ara marto saqarTvelos erismTavari atarebda, aramed

antibizantiuri orientaciisa yofila VII saukunis pirveli naxevris peri-

odebSi mesxeTi (qvemo qarTlis, anu gugarqis antibizantiuroba cnobilia).

ioane mamikonianis matianidan irkveva, rom `vaSden qarTvelTa (iverTa)

mTavari, mflobeli mesxeTis mxareTa, iranis politikuri orientaciisa yofila,

xolo misi diswuli hamami (mflobeli zRvispira mxarisa _ lazeTisa)

bizantiis orientaciis moRvawed Cans. rac Seexeba, vaSdenis uSualo sam-

flobelos, e.i. mesxeTis mxareebs (Woroxidan _ vanandamde, e.i. sakuTriv

klarjeTis CaTvliT), aq vaSdenis sikvdilis Semdeg, mTavrad damjdara

vaSdenis Ze jojiki. iranis Sahs xosro-farvizs qarTvelTa (iverielTa)

mTavris jojikisaTvis uboZebia tituli marzpanisa... jojiki mesxeTis mx-

areTa mTavari yofila VII saukunis pirveli naxevaris manZilze. mematianis

sityviT, ̀ vaSdenis-Ze jojik, qarTvelTa (iverielTa) mTavari~ cocxali yofila

VII saukunis Sua wlebSiac, rodesac kavkasiaSi pirvelad Semovidnen arab-

Ta razmebi~.78

arabebma, iseve rogorc sparselebma, dapyrobil amierkavkasiaSi Seqmnes

erTiani administraciuli erTeuli, romelsac uwodes `arminia~. dapyro-

bili qarTli `arminiaSi~ Sedioda, ise rogorc albaneTi da TviT somxeTi.

ase rom, administraciuli centri kvlav somxeTSi iyo, rogorc sparsTa

batonobisas. gansxvaveba imaSi mdgomareobda, rom sparselebma amierkavka-

siaSi qarTuli, albanuri da somxuri eklesiebisagan erTi sarwmunoebriv-

saeklesio erTeuli Seqmnes, xolo arabebma _ erTi administraciul-samo-

qalaqo erTeuli. mogvianebiT (IX saukuneSi) arabebma am administraciuli

erTeulis meTaurad, anu vostikanad (amirad) erovnebiT somxebi daniSnes,

romelTac somexTa, qarTvelTa da arabTa xelisufali _ ufalTufalic

ewodeboda. safiqrebelia, rom qarTvelTa qveynis somexi xelisufali qarTlSi

somxuri eklesiis poziciebs ganamtkicebda da ar Seasustebda.


rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, ̀ ganyofa~ asureli mamebis mier dawye-

buli qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris daagvirgvina kirion kaTaliko-

sma 607-609 wlebSi, magram 613-614 wlidan somxur sarwmunoebas kvlav

aqtiuri zemoqmedeba aqvs qarTlze, ase grZeldeba VII saukunis manZilze

da Semdgom, TiTqmis X-XI saukuneebamde. amis erTi magaliTi mocemulia

wyaroSi, romelsac mokled `sityvisgeba efTvime grZelisa sosTenis mima-

rT~ hqvia. aq gadmocemulia, rom TviT mefe bagratis iseTi upirvelesi

saxelmwifo moxele, rogoricaa mwignobarTuxucesi, sarwmunoebiT iyo ara

qalkedoniti, rogorc mosalodnelia, aramed monofiziti. es monofiziti

mwignobarTuxucesi erovnebiT qarTvelia da ara somexi. es iqidan Cans, rom

avtors qalkedonitoba qarTvelTa erovnul sarwmunoebad miaCnia, amitomac

am monofozits, romelic ar misdevs Tavisi eris sarwmunoebas, `Sinagam-

cems~ uwodebs. is erovnebiT somexi rom yofiliyo, srulebiT ar eTqmoda

`Sinagamcemi~. Sesabamisi teqsti aseTia: `maSin ukue iyo mwignobarTuxucesi

mefisa saxelad efTvime. igica Tana-ziari iyo borotisa mis wvalebisa

maTisa da Sinagamcemi sarwmunoebisa Cuenisa. aman azraxa sosTensa esreT,

viTarmed...~79 Tu am saukuneSic ki mwignobarTuxucesi monofiziti iyo, maSin

xalxSic mravlad iqnebodnen monofiziti qarTvelebi. k. kekeliZis daskvne-

bi, am mxriv, samarTliania.

`qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris `ganxeTqileba mzaddeboda VI

saukuneSi da damTavrda VII saukunis damdegs _ 608 wels~.80 im dros, roca

qarTulma eklesiam Tavi daixsna mezobeli eklesiis zegavlenisagan, mas

sWirdeboda avtoritetuli eklesiebisa da saeklesio moRvaweebis dadas-

tureba sarwmunoebriv-kanonikuri TvalsazrisiT misi moqmedebis sisworis

Sesaxeb. Tavisi moqmedebis sisworis dasadastureblad kirionma sarwmunoe-

briv sakiTxebze miwer-mowera gamarTa romis pap grigol didTan (590-604),

ierusalimis patriarqTanac. `qronografis~ cnobiT, qarTlis kaTalikoss

urTierToba hqonda antioqiis patriarq anastasi mRvdelmowamesTan, romel-

ic kirionis Tanamedrove iyo.81 kirions mWidro urTierToba daumyarebia

bizantiis imperiis sapatriarqoebTan. amis gamo mas brali dasdes saxelm-

wifo RalatSi. pirvelsave epistoleSi abraam somexTa kaTalikosi kirions

bralad sdebs bunebiT Tanaziarisagan, anu somxuri eklesiisagan ganSore-

bas da ucxo samefosTan (albaT, bizantiis sapatriarqoebTan) `siyvarulis

erTobas~: `aris raRac, romelic daujereblad gveCvena: ucxo samefosTan

rom Seqmna mefeTa-mefis monaTaganma siyvarulis erToba da bunebiT Tanamo-

ziares gaSorde~.82

mefeTa-mefis monebaSi igulisxmebian TviT somexTa da qarTvelTa kaTali-

kosebi, da saerTod sparseTis imperiaSi moqceuli qveynebis mosaxleoba.

kirioni sparseTis mier dapyrobili qveynis kaTalikosia, amitomac is mefe-

Ta-mefis monaa. am `monis~ siyvarulis erToba `ucxo samefosTan~ imaSi


gamoixateboda, rom qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe kavSirs daamyarebda ̀ ucxo

samefoSi~ Semaval saeklesio moRvaweebTan, antioqiisa da ierusalimis sapa-

triarqoebTan. marTlac, Tavis pasuxSi kirioni daufaravad wers, rom mas

sarwmunoebrivi erToba aqvs ierusalimTan: `...TumcaRa mefeTa-mefis monebi

varT, sarwmunoeba ierusalimisa gvaqvs da gveqneba~.83 ìerusalimis~ qveS,

SesaZloa, ara marto ierusalimis, antioqiis sapatriarqoc igulisxmeba, rad-

ganac ierusalimi qristianobis samSobloa. marTlac, berZnuli ̀ qronografi~,

romelic Tavis naSromSi gamoiyena efrem mcirem (ùwyebaA mizezsa qarTvel-

Ta moqcevisasa~) wers, rom qarTlis sakaTalikosos kavSiri aqvs antioqiis

patriarq anastasi mRvdelmowamesTan. es cnoba kargad Seefardeba VI-VII

saukuneTa mijnaze qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi Seqmnil viTarebas.

arseni safarelièrTobisdroindeli~ somexi kaTalikosebis

Sesaxeb

VI-VII saukuneebSi qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris èrTobis~ xasia-

Tis gamorkvevisaTvis moviyvanT arseni safarelis mier moxseniebul somex

kaTalikosTa rigs, romelTac, ase Tu ise, gavlena hqoniaT qarTul eklesiaze.

qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa `ganyofa~ ar unda gavigoT ise, TiTqosda

kavkasiur adgilobriv eklesiaTa Soris moxda lokaluri saxis ganxeT-

qileba: sinamdvileSi aq globalur saeklesio movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme.

arseni safarelica da qarTveli mematianeebic aRniSnaven, rom erTian msof-

lio, anu kaTolike-sayovelTao eklesiaSi moxda ganxeTqileba, ramac Tavisi

gavlena iqonia qarTul eklesiaze. berZnuli (anu rom-berZenTa imperiis),

somxuri, qarTuli da sxva eklesiebi erTian msoflio kaTolike, anu say-

ovelTao eklesias warmoadgenda. am erTian msoflio eklesias garkveuli

mizezis gamo Camoscilda somxuri eklesia. roca qarTuli eklesiisaTvis

cnobili gaxda, rom erTian msoflio eklesias Camoscilda somxuri ekle-

sia, qarTulma eklesiam maSinve gawyvita saeklesio-kanonikuri urTierToba

somxur eklesiasTan.

sayovelTao msoflio eklesias qarTveli mematianeebi xSirad `berZnul~

eklesias uwodebdnen, radganac msoflio saeklesio centri, marTlac, berZenTa

imperias moicavda.

arseni safareli wers: `sparsTa mefeni aiZulebdes somexTa, raATa gane-

Sornen berZenTa sarwmunoebasa~.84 ufro adre sparsTa mefe avaldebulebs

somxebs ̀ ganyofisaTYs berZenTagan~85. jer xdeba ̀ berZenTagan~ somxebis ̀ ganyofa~,

xolo Semdeg `qarTlisagan~ somxebis daSoreba. `xolo qarTli yoveli da

meoTxedi somxiTisa ganeyennes KelT-dasxmasa mRdelobisasa somexTagan~.86


ganyofisdroindeli somexi kaTalikosebi arian:

1. nerse mijini _ nerse II, kaTalikosi somexTa (548-557). moiwvia ori

saeklesio kreba dvinSi, eklesia mimarTa monofizitobisaken. Tanamedrovea

xosro I, anuSirvanisa (531-579), sparseTis Sahisa, romlis mmarTveloba sasani-

debis saxelmwifos didi siZlieris periodi iyo. arsenis mixedviT, dvinis

krebis Semdeg iqmna `cilobaA didi Soris somxiTisa da qarTlisa~.87 es

ciloba naxevari saukune mainc gagrZelebula, vidre kirionamde. cilobis

mizezi Semdegi yofila: ̀ ...krebaA yves somexTa qalaqsa dvinsa da SeCuenebiT

gandges aRsarebisagan wmidisa kaTolike eklesiisa da ganeyennes oTxTa

sapatriarqoTagan da gardaaqcies aRTqumai, igi, romeli daudva wmidaman

grigoli kesaria eklesiisa, ukunisamde ara ganSorebad misgan KelT-dasx-

maA episkoposebisa somxiTisaA da rameTu somxiTman brZanebaA moiRo spars-

Ta mefisagan KelT-dasxmaA episkoposebisa TaviT TYsiT... iqmna ciloba didi

Soris somxiTisa da qarTlisa~. ese cilobaA iyo Soris somexTa da qarTvelTa

dReTa nerse kaTalikozisa somexTasa...~88

wmida grigolis mier daarsebuli somxuri eklesia kesariis eklesias

eqvemdebareboda. arsenis Tanaxmad, wmida grigols aRTqma hqonia dadebuli,

rom somxuri eklesia ukunisamde ar ganSordeboda msoflio erTian kaTo-

like, anu sayovelTao eklesias, kerZod, ar ganSordeboda oTx sapatriarqos,

romelTa erTobac msoflio eklesias warmoadgenda. somxuri eklesia msof-

lio eklesiasTan dakavSirebuli yofila kesariis eklesiis saSualebiT,

romelic, Tavis mxriv, erT-erT sapatriarqoSi Sedioda. somxuri eklesia

iseTi xarisxiTaa dakavSirebuli kesariis eklesiasTan, rom mas ufleba ara

aqvs `TaviT TYsiT~ akurTxos episkoposebi. es kesariaSi unda moxdes, anda

kesariis nebiT unda aRsruldes.

nerses dros mowveul krebas somxuri eklesia, faqtobrivad, ganuSorebia

msoflio eklesiisgan, radganac sparsTa mefis nebiT am krebas miuRia

gadawyvetileba kesariis nebarTvis gareSe TviT somxur eklesiasve ekurTx-

ebina episkoposebi _ moexdina `...KelT-dasxma episkoposebisa TaviT TYsiT~.

im epoqaSi, msoflio eklesiis erTianobis ideidan gamomdinare, somxur

eklesias (da albaT, sxva adgilobriv eklesiebsac, maT Soris, qarTulsac)

ara hqonia ufleba, Tavisi episkoposebi, an kaTolikosi daesva ise, rom amis

Sesaxeb ar miemarTa mezobeli eklesiebisaTvis. `faustos buzandis erTi

cnobis analizis Semdeg n. adonci wers: `somxebs saSualeba ar hqondaT

daedginaT Tavisi episkoposebi, an kaTolikosi, mezobel eklesiebTan mima-

rTvis gareSe~.89

arseni safarelis mixedviTac, imis Semdeg, rac somxurma eklesiam kesari-

asTan kavSiri gawyvita, somxeTSi aRar icodnen, sad ekurTxebinaT, anda

rogor ekurTxebinaT TavianTi episkoposebi. aseTi dabneulobis dros maT

sxva veraferi moifiqres _ ganmoarCies somexi episkoposi, romlis samwyso


yvelaze axlos iyo kesariis eklesiasTan da mas daavales axali somexi

episkoposebis kurTxevisaTvis Tanxmobis gacema. am somxurma saepiskoposom

Secvala kesariis eklesia. taronis saepiskoposo, misi kesariasTan terito-

riuli siaxlovis gamo, arsenis Tanaxmad, kesariis eklesiis Semcvleli

gaxda. formalurad TiTqosda yvelaferi Zveleburadve iyo _ episkoposis

axali kandidatis kurTxevis neba kvlav kesariis mxridan modioda: `... ara

aqunda adgil, sadamca ikurTxes episkoposi, da ganisma somxiTsa, viTarmed

gandges... Kel-dasxmisagan kesariisa... da mouvlines nerSapus, taronisa episko-

possa... orTa Tana moyuasTa misTa, da hrques... Cuen ara guaqus saydari, sada

Kelni davisxneT da mivhmarTeT Sensa keTilad msaxurebasa, raATa dagYdginne

Cuen episkoposni~.90

arsenis Tanaxmad, episkoposTa kurTxevisaTvis aucilebeli iyo mezobeli

eklesiis Tanxmoba, ufro metic, TiTqosda mezobeli eklesia adgenda episko-

posebs. amitomac, srulebiT gasagebia arsenis gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom

`qarTli yoveli da meoTxedi somxiTisa ganeyenes xelTdasxmasa mRdelo-

bisasa somexTagan~. arsenis Tanaxmad, msoflio sayovelTao eklesiasTan

somxeTi kesariis saSualebiTaa dakavSirebuli, qarTuli eklesia ki _ somx-

uri eklesiis saSualebiT. `qarTvelni etyodes, viTarmed: `wmidaman grigo-

li saberZneTiT moguca Cuen sarwmunoebaA~.91 radganac somxeTis episko-

posebi kesariaSi aRar iReben xeldasxmas, amitomac aRarc qarTveli sam-

Rvdeloeba miiRebs xeldasxmas somxeTSi.

nerse kaTalikoss dvinSi meorejerac mouwvevia kreba iustinianesa (527-

565) da xosros dros: ̀ da kualad SeaCuenes wmidaA igi kreba qalkidonisaA~.92

arseni safarelis mixedviT, `qarTlisagan somxiTis~ ganyofa xdeba am

nerse II-s dros, VI saukunis meore naxevarSi. qarTl-somxeTs erToba hqonia

VI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, kerZod 506-520-iani wlebidan 550-ian wlebSi

mowveul dvinis I krebamde.

arseni safarelis TxzulebaSi nerse II da kirioni (595-610) TiTqosda

Tanamedroveni arian, magram arseni gulisxmobs imas, rom kirionis dros

ukiduresad oficialurad gamwvavda is winaaRmdegoba, rac nerses dros

daiwyo or eklesias Soris.

2. ioane II gabeleneli (557-574) somxeTis kaTalikosi agrZelebda ners-

es kurss. man SemoiRo somxur eklesiaSi jer kidev VI saukuneSi dadas-

turebuli praqtika ziarebisas aufuebeli purisa da wyalgaureveli Rvinis

xmarebisa. arseni aRwers nerse II-is mier mowveul dvinis krebas da Semdeg

iqve urTavs cnobas nerses Semdgomi kaTalikosis ioane gabelenelis mier

manaskertSi mowveuli krebis Sesaxeb. ̀ s. kakabaZe Tvlida, rom arsenis mier

dasaxelebuli manazkertis kreba da misi meTauri ioane kaTalikosi _

arian ara 726 wlis kreba da ioane oZuneli (718-729), aramed kaTalikosi

ioane gabeleneli (557-574) da mis mier VI saukunis 60_ian wlebSi mowveu-


li somxuri adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba~.93 am krebas daudgenia ziarebi-

sas wyalgareuli Rvinisa da safuariani puris miRebis akrZalva. marTalia,

am krebis Semdgom VII saukunis garkveul periodebSi somxuri eklesiis

qalkedonituri aRmsareblobis gamo es dadgenileba irRveoda, amitomac

saWiro gaxda 726 wels manaskertis krebaze am dadgenilebis kvlav gamot-

ana da damtkiceba. somxuri eklesiis praqtikaSi ziarebisas wyalgaureveli

Rvinis xmarebas adasturebs VI msoflio kreba. `VI msoflio saeklesio

krebis kanonebis 32-e muxli ukve am praqtikis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTu-

li~.94 arseni safarelis mixedviT, ziarebisas wyalgaureveli Rvinisa da

aufuebeli puris xmareba SemouRia nerse II-is Semdgom kaTalikos ioanes, IV

saukunis meore naxevarSi. am cnobas iqve adasturebs da amtkicebs arseni

imiT, rom ioane gabelenelis Semdgomi kaTalikosi mose elivardeli (574-

604) Zalze mtkiced icavs ziarebisas wyalgaureveli Rvinisa da aufuebeli

puris miRebis wess. ufro metic, is dascinis ziarebisaTvis saWiro RvinoSi

wylis garevasa da puris afuebas. uwodebs am wess berZnebis mier SemoRe-

buls. afuebul purs dacinviT ̀ furnids~ uwodebs, wyalgareul Rvinos ki _

`Termons~. aqedanac Cans, rom ara 726 wlis manaskertis krebas gulisxmobs

arseni `ioanes mier mowveul krebaSi~, aramed VI saukunis meore naxevris

somxuri eklesiis krebas, romelsac ziarebis zemoT moyvanili wesi daud-

genia, da romelsac mtkiced icavs VI saukunis momdevno kaTalikosi mose.

3. mose elivardeli (574-604), somxeTis kaTalikosi, antiberZnuli orien-

taciisaa. is ar midis konstantinopolSi, sadac miwveuli iyo molaparakeb-

isaTvis, amayad acxadebs: ̀ ara wiaRvKde mdinaresa azatsa, romel ars sazR-

vari sparsTaA, ara vWamo furnidi berZenTa da arca vsua Termoni maTi~.95

mose ar apirebs sparsTa saxelmwifos datovebas, romelSic somxeTic Se-

dioda, da araTu molaparakeba, aramed berZnebTan ziarebac ki ar surs.

berZnuli ziarebis wesi misTvis sruliad miuRebelia.

mose elivardelis dros somxuri eklesia orad gaiyo. erTi, monofiz-

ituri nawilis kaTalikosi TviT mosea, meore, qalkedonituri nawilisa ki _

ioane kogoviteli. `591 wels mavrikesa da xosros Soris dadebuli zaviT

airaratis umetesi nawilis somxeTis bizantiur nawilSi moeqca, male gaqalke-

donitda da kaTalikosadac qalkedoniti ioane kogoviteli daudga~.96 male

srulebiT icvleba saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba, iniciativas iRebs sparseTi,

gadadis Setevaze da ipyrobs qalkedonitur somxeTs. sebeosis cnobiT,

`sparselebi basianSi Casulan xosros mefobis me-18 wels. (591+18=609),

daumarcxebiaT berZnebi, alya SemourtyamT karnu qalqisaTvis da auRi-

aT...~97 arseni wers: `iqmna homi igi basianisa, romelsa iZlivnes ionni

sparsTagan... amas welsa war-ityuena karnu-qalaqi ahmadisagan da iohane

kaTalikosi, romeli iyo nawilsa berZenTasa da amave welsa gadasxna mose

kaTalikozman mRdelni TYsisa Kelisagan. iohanes kerZni, da warvides romeln-


ime taos romelnime ionTa Tana~.98 ueWvelia, am winadadebaSi gadamwers

SemTxveviT erTmaneTisaTvis gadaubams ori, sul sxvadasxva winadadeba.

sparsTa mier qalkedonituri somxeTis dapyrobis dros kaTalikosi iyo

ara mose, aramed abraami, amitomac winadadeba _ `...amasve welsa ganasxna

mose...~99 ar zis Tavis adgilze. Tu es ase ar aris da gadamwers Secdoma

ar dauSvia, maSin gamodis, rom arsens tao ar miaCnia somxuri eklesiis

nawilad, radganac sparselebma daipyres ara marto airarati, aramed taoc

da samxreTi saqarTveloc _ mesxeTi. cxadia, tao somxeTis nawili rom

yofiliyo, an somxur eklesiaSi Semavali provincia, masze Tavis uflebas

ganaxorcielebda somxeTis monofiziti kaTalikosi taos sparsTagan dapy-

robis dros (ise, rogorc airaratze) da somexi samRvdeloeba taoSi ar

gadavidoda. SeiZleba tao _ qarTlis erT-erTi provincia _ somxuri ek-

lesiis zegavlenis qveS, mis SemadgenlobaSi Semavali maSin iyo, roca

saerTod qarTuli eklesia iyo somxuri eklesiis zegavlenis qveS 506-20-

iani wlebidan 551-570-ian wlebamde, 590-ian wlebSi is qalkedonitur somx-

ur eklesiaSi Sedioda. qalkedonituri somxuri eklesiis gaqroba-ganad-

gurebis kvalobaze tao Tavis deda qarTul eklesias ubrundeba da nel-

nela iSorebs aramSobliur somxur enobriv kvals.

4. abraham albaTaneli (607-615), kaTalikosi somxeTisa. abraamis dros

`gandevna kYrion qarTlisa kaTalikozman mose episkoposi curtavisaA say-

drisagan TYsisa... iTxova abraham kYrionisagan saydari misi, xolo igi ara

erCda mas da ganzYnda cilobaA igi Soris maTsa~.100 aqedan Cans, rom

arsenis Tanaxmad, kirionma qarTul eklesiaSi Semavali curtavis eparqi-

idan gandevna episkoposi: `gandevna... saydrisagan Tvisisa~. aq igulisxmeba

ara kirionis ̀ saydari~, aramed curtavelis saepiskoposo ̀ saydari~. abraami

sTxovs kirions, gadasces somxur eklesias mTliani eparqia curtavisa:

ìTxova abraham kYrionisagan saydari misi~. kirionma ar gadasca curtavis

eparqia (`saydari~) somxur eklesias, ramac gamoiwvia urTierTSecileba _

`ganzYnda ciloba~.

5. komitasi (daaxl. 614-630), somxeTis kaTalikosi, monawileobda `spar-

sul krebaSi~ 614 wels. iyo mdidari, antiqalkedoniti. man gamoaCina ioane

mairavaneli, anu mairagomeli. mis dros Seicvala ̀ kanoni da wesni pirvelni~,

TviT gamosca axali kanonebi, romlis gamoc àiSala Zueli da ver daamt-

kices axali, aramed yoveli kaci TYs-TYs saxeobs vidre moaqamomde~.101 e.i.

komitasis droidan arseni safarelis dromde somxeTis saeklesio cxovre-

ba aSlilia. arsenis azriT, èse yoveli qmna KeliTa gancofebulisa ioane

maAreguemelisaATa.102

6. qristefore apahuneli (628-630), somxeTis kaTalikosi, mteri iyo ioane

mairagomelisa. igi taxtidan Camoagdes.

7. ezra faraznakerteli (628-642), somxeTis kaTalikosi. mis dros ̀ somxuri

eklesia kvlav dauaxlovda diofiziturs, Tumca, monoTelitobis niadagze,


rac wyvetilebiT 726 wlamde gagrZelda~.103 mis dros kvlav aRorZinebula

komitas-mairagomelis wvaleba. aRivsoo, _ wers arseni, `queyanaA somxiTi-

saA sikudilisa momtyuebeliTa swavliTa~.104 misTvis herakle keisars sparse-

Tis damarcxebis Semdeg ubrZanebia saeklesio krebis mowveva karnu-qalaqs.

somxurma eklesiam, arsenis Tanaxmad, am krebaze aRiara `marTali~ sarwmu-

noeba, anu qalkedonitoba. karnu-qalaqis, anu Teodosiopolis kreba, romelzedac

somexTa sapatriarqom qalkedonitoba aRiara, TariRdeba 632 wliT. arseni

wers: ̀ movida herakle mefe somxiTs da ixila wvalebaA somexTaA da friad

Sewuxna warwymedisa maTisaTYs... brZana krebaA didi yofad episkoposTa da

moZRuarTa somxiTisaTa da miwera wigni ezra kaTolikozisa da aznaurTa,

raATa Semokrben karnu-qalaqs da gamoiZion sarwmunoebaA krebisaTYs. qalki-

donisa da cnan WeSmaritad ori bunebaA qristHsi somexTa da moiwivnes

yovelni erTobiT winaSe mefisa da gamoiwuliles mesamed mravliTa ZiebiTa

da daamtkices marTali. da daemorCilnes somexni ficiT KeliTweriliTa...

da viTar uk-moiqces dvins, miiqces masve nebasa wymedulsa...~105 kaTalikos

ezras ebrZvis ioane mairagomeli.

8. nerse iSxneli (641-661), somxeTis kaTalikosi, kaci Rirsi da marTl-

morwmune. gandevna da dasaja ioane mairagomeli. mas ixsenebs giorgi

merCule IX saukuneSio, _ wers is, _ `nebiTa RvTisaTa iqmna saba episkopos

iSxans zeda, netarsa nerse kaTalikozisa aRSenebulsa kaTolike eklesiasa

da saydarsa missa, romeli weliwadTa mravalTa daqvrivebul iyo~.106

marTalia, nerse somxeTis kaTalikosi iyo, magram qalkedoniti, amitom mas

merCule netars uwodebs, arseni ki _ marTlmorwmunes. SeiZleba nerse taoe-

li qarTveli iyo, somxuri eklesiis wevri ise, rogorc taos qarTveloba.

SeiZleba misi qarTvelobis gamo, somex kaTalikosTa Soris gansakuTrebuli

simpaTiiT TiTqmis mas erTaderTs moixsenieben qarTveli istorikosebi.

9. anastasi (661-667) somxeTis kaTalikosi, TiTqmis qalkedoniti.

10. israeli (667-677) somxeTis kaTalikosi. man ioane mairavanelis sikvdi-

lis Semdeg gandevna misi mowafeebi. arseni am kaTalikosis Semdeg arc

erT sxva somex kaTalikoss ar axsenebs (TariRebisaTvis ix. iqve, z. aleqsi-

Zis komentarebi).

qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo eklesiadgamocxadeba VII saukuneSi

qarTul eklesias sapatriarqo eklesiad wodebis Rirseba miuRia VII

saukuneSi. am saukunis meore naxevarSi jer antioqiis sapatriarqos uRi-

arebia es, ganusazRvravs misi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi, xolo Semdeg VI

msoflio saeklesio krebas daudasturebia. masac aseve ganusazRvravs qarTuli

eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom msoflio krebis mier


gansazRvruli iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi qarTuli eklesiisa gansxvavdeba

antioqiis sapatriarqos mier aRiarebuli iurisdiqciis sazRvrebisagan.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTi, romelSic moyvanilia es cnobebi, gadmogvcems,

rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs patriarqis titulis tarebis ufleba mieca,

swored am dros, jer antioqiis sapatriarqos, xolo Semdeg VI msoflio

krebis mier.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTis cnobebs, Cans, adasturebs ucxoeTSi aR-

moCenili epigrafikuli masalac.

saqarTvelos farglebs gareT guTeTSi aRmoCenila VIII saukunis dasawy-

isis berZnuli warwera, romelSic qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs `patriarqi~

ewodeba. xersonis arqeologiuri gaTxris dros aRmoCenila marmarilos

fila berZnuli warweriT: `goTiis marTlmadidebeli mosaxleoba 750 wels

irCevs Tavis moZRvrad (winamZRvrad) Rirs (wmida) ioanes da gzavnis mas

iberiis sapatriarqo taxtze, sadac igi episkoposad ekurTxa da sadac

Seucvlelad icaven saeklesio WeSmariti sarwmunoebis dogmebs.107

guTeTis samwyso, rogorc am warweridanac Cans, Zveli saeklesio tradicie-

bisa da wesebis erTguli yofila. aq qarTul eklesias `sapatriarqo say-

dars~ ar uwodebdnen, mas es Rirseba karga xnis miRebuli rom ar hqonoda. am

warweris Tanaxmad, 750 wels qarTuli eklesia ukve sapatriarqo eklesiaa.

arsebobs sxva wyaroebic, romelTa analiziTac SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom

qarTuli eklesiis meTauri iseve atarebda patriarqis tituls VII sauku-

neSi, rogorc mezobel eklesiaTa meTaurebi amierkavkasiaSi.

cnobilia, rom amierkavkasiis sam _ qarTlis, albaneTis da somxeTis

eklesiebs mWidro urTierToba hqondaT, magram Zvel somxur da albanur

wyaroTa Tanaxmad, qarTuli eklesia tols ar udebda arc somxur da, miT

umetes, arc albanur eklesias. qarTuli eklesia Tavis pativsa da Rirsebas

albanurze ufro maRla ayenebda. uxtanesisa da sxva istorikosTa Tanaxmad,

ganxeTqileba qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris imas gamouwvevia, rom

raRac mizeziT somxuri eklesiis meTaurs albaneTis eklesiis mamamTavari

ufro maRla dauyenebia, vidre qarTuli eklesiisa. qarTveli mamamTavari

Zalze ganawyenebula, radganac mas Tavisi pativi ufro metad miaCnda, vidre

albaneTis mamamTavris pativi. aqedan is daskvna SeiZleba gamovitanoT, rom

Tu VII saukuneSi somxeTis eklesiisa da gansakuTrebiT ki, albaneTis ekle-

siis meTaurs hqonda tituli patriarqisa, aucileblad amave tituls qarTuli

eklesiis meTauric atarebda.

adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebis rkvevi-

sas, aucileblad mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli albaneTisa da somxe-

Tis eklesiaTa istoriis masalebi. am eklesiebs hqondaT msgavsi struqtu-

ra da erTnairad iyvnen mowyobilni. am eklesiaTa erTmaneTTan Sedareba da

erTi eklesiis magaliTze meore eklesiisaTvis daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba


TiTqmis IX-X saukuneebamde. es iTqmis gansakuTrebiT qarTlisa da albane-

Tis eklesiebze, radganac, Tu somxeTis eklesias lider eklesiad miaCnda

Tavisi Tavi, qarTlisa da albaneTis eklesiebi Tanabar uflebriv mdgomar-

eobaSi iyvnen, Tumca, qarTlis eklesiis meTaurs ufro meti pativi hqonia,

vidre albaneTis eklesiisas (qarTvel ierarqTa mtkicebiT).

bunebrivia, Tu qarTuli eklesiis pativi aRemateboda albaneTis eklesiisas,

maSin qarTuli eklesia meti uflebebiT isargeblebda; Tu albaneTis eklesia

V-VII saukuneebSi albaneTSive akurTxebda mirons, aseTi ufleba qarTul

eklesiasac eqneboda; Tu albaneTis kaTalikosi atarebda patriarqis tituls,

aseTive uflebiT isargeblebda qarTuli eklesiis meTauric da a.S.

Tu SeiZleba bizantiis imperiis gareT myofi amierkavkasiis eklesiaTa

uflebriv mdgomareobaTa Soris paralelis gavleba, SeuZlebelia am dros

erTmaneTs SevadaroT bizantiis imperiaSi Semavali eklesiebisa da qarTu-

li eklesiis uflebebi. imis Semdeg, rac qarTuli eklesia Camoscilda

amierkavkasiis eklesiebs da umWidroesi kavSiri daamyara bizantiis ekle-

siasTan, gansakuTrebiT XI saukunis Semdeg, qarTuli eklesiis yvela Zveli

ufleba TiTqmis xelaxali msjelobisa da aRiarebis sagnad iqca.

mose kalankatuelis `alvanTa qveynis istoria~ Zalze mniSvnelovani

wyaroa albaneTis da agreTve saqarTvelos istoriisaTvisac. is Seicavs

masalebs X saukunis naxevramde. zogierT mkvlevarTa TvalsazrisiT, am

wignis I da III Tavis erTi nawili dawerilia VII saukunis TviTmxilveli

avtoris mier. `... VII saukunis avtors movses kalankatuacis gauTval-

iswinebia xalxuri Tqmulebebi da gadmocemebi... samoqalaqo Tu sasuliero

pirTa oficialuri mimowera, rac daculi unda yofiliyo monastrebsa da

sasaxleebSi~.108

mose kalankatuelis `alvanTa qveynis istoriis~ Tanaxmad, albanuri ek-

lesiis mamamTavrebi patriarqis tituls atareben wina saukuneebidan VI

saukunemde, aseve VI-VII da IX-X saukuneebSi. saerTod, am wignis Tanaxmad,

albaneTis mamamTavari atarebs rogorc kaTalikosis, aseve patriarqis tituls.

patriarqis tituli ara Tu ucxoa, aramed bunebrivicaa albaneTis kaTali-

kosisaTvis.

mose kalankatuelis Tanaxmad, albaneTis eklesia garkveulad somxur

eklesiazea daqvemdebarebuli; somxuri eklesia upiratesi eklesiaa. miuxe-

davad amisa, somxuri eklesiis mamamTavari albaneTis mamamTavars uwodebs

patriarqs da ase mimarTavs: `Cvens Tanamosaydre alvaneTis patriarqs~.109

asea VII saukunis miwurulisaTvis.

mose kalankatueli gadmogvcems aseT ambavs: albanTa qveynis erTi episko-

posi gaigzavna honTa qveyanaSi maT gasaqristianeblad. episkoposma moaqcia

honebi. honTa mTavrebma ramdenjerme dabejiTebiT sTxoves episkoposs, dar-

Ceniliyo maTi qveynis mwyemsad. episkoposma upasuxa: `me ar SemiZlia dag-


eTanxmoT alvaneTis didi patriarqis wmida eliazaris gareSe... saWiroa

Tqveni gonivruli azri werilobiT gaacnoT mTels alvaneTis qveyanas da

patriarq eliazars, romelmac wmida eliSas droidan dRemde daamkvidra

Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT erTi samociqulo taxti~.110 honTa mTavarma ratom-

Rac werili gaugzavna somxuri eklesiis mamamTavars da sTxova am episko-

posis honTa qveyanaSi datoveba. somexma mamamTavarma upasuxa: `...amis ufle-

ba mxolod Cvens Tanamosaydre alvaneTis patriarqs, eliazars, aqvs...~111

zemoT moyvanili ambavi momxdara VII sakunis damlevs, anda VIII saukunis

pirvel wlebSi. ara marto am dros, aramed sxva saukuneebSic, albanTa

qveynis kaTalikoss patriarqs uwodeben. `alvanTa qveynis istoriis~ erT

TavSi, romelsac `alvaneTis mamamTavarTa saxelebi, wlebi da maTi moR-

vaweoba~ ewodeba, naTqvamia: `... uwindel patriarqTa saqmeni, [moRvaweobis]

dro da saxelebi dakargulan...~112 Cans, igulisxmeba Zveli droidan vidre

VI saukunemde. VI saukuneSi moRvawe kaTalikos abass patriarqis tituli

aqvs. masze naTqvamia: `Semdeg iyo ufali abasi, romelmac somxuri welTaR-

ricxvis dasawyisSi sapatriarqo taxti Coridan partavSi gadaitana...~113 e.i.

551 wlisaTvis albanur eklesias gaaCnia `sapatriarqo taxtis~ Rirseba.

851 wlisaTvis albanTa kaTalikoss hovsefis dros, `misi patriarqobis

mesame wels Sesrulda samasi weli somxuri welTaRricxvidan~.114 IX sauku-

nis am kaTalikoss patriarqi ewodeba iseve, rogorc X saukunis kaTalikoss,

gagiks `misi patriarqobis meoTxe wels Sesrulda 400 weli somxuri wel-

TaRricxvidan~.114

VII saukuneSi patriarqis tituli aqvT ara marto albaneTis, aramed

somexTa kaTalikosebsac.

mose kalankatueli patriarqs uwodebs VI saukunis somexTa kaTalikoss

_ moses da VII saukunis somexTa kaTalikoss _ abraams.

`movses patriarqis gardacvalebis Semdeg... patriarqad dasves WeSmari-

ti da rCeuli kaci abraami~.115

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan kargad Cans, qarTuli eklesiis mezobeli

albaneTisa da somxeTis kaTalikosebi atarebdnen agreTve patriarqis tituls.

patriarqis wodeba albaneTisa da gansakuTrebiT somxeTis mamamTavrebi-

saTvis bunebrivi iyo da araviTar uxerxulobas ar iwvevda VII saukuni-

saTvis. albaneTis, qarTlisa da somxeTis mamamTavrebi da eklesiebi TiTqmis

Tanabari uflebisa da Rirsebisa iyvnen. isini erTmaneTs tols ar udebdnen

maSin, roca saqme eklesiis Rirsebasa da pativs Seexeboda, samive eklesia

Tavs samociqulo eklesiad Tvlida; samive eklesiis meTaurs kaTalikosi

ewodeboda, amitomac gasakviri ar aris, rom maT patriarqis titulic hqono-

daT, amitom VII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs iseve aqvs patriarqis

tituli, rogorc misi mezobeli amierkavkasiis eklesiaTa meTaurebs.

zemoT Cven moyvanili gvqonda erTi Zveli mematianis cnoba imis Sesaxeb,

rom iustinianes saeklesio reformis Semdeg, VI saukuneSi, rac man mo-


ciqulTa nawilebi konstantinopolsa da ierusalimSi gadaitana da amiT

sapatriarqoTa ricxvi gazarda, yvela qveynis eklesia, sadac mociquli iyo

aRsrulebuli, Seecada sapatriarqo saydris Rirseba mieRo. aman sapatri-

arqoTa ricxvi gazarda. garda amisa, TviT sityva `mamamTavari~, romelic

ewodeboda damoukidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebs, Targmania sityvisa `patri-

arqi~; uZveles dros yvela mamamTavars _ eklesiaTa meTaurs, patriarqi

ewodeboda, mxolod Sua bizantiur epoqaSi mieniWa am sityvas gansakuTrebu-

li fasi _ imperiis interesebidan gamomdinare.

somxuri da albanuri eklesiebi gansaxilvel VII saukuneSi TavianT Tavs

`kaTolike samociqulo~ eklesiebs uwodebdnen. somxuri eklesia samociqu-

lo iyo, radganac mociqul Tadeozis mier iyo daarsebuli; albanuri ekle-

sia samociqulo iyo, radganac misi meTauri damkvidrebulia samociqulo

taxtze mociqul eliSas Semdeg da kurTxeva uflis Zmis iakobisagan aqvs

miRebuli.116

cxadia, Tu albanur da somxur eklesiebs samociqulo eklesiebi ewode-

bodaT, qarTul eklesiasac samociqulo ewodeboda. marTlac, Cveni eklesiis

istoriisaTvis gansakuTrebulad saintereso ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Teimuraz-

iseul nusxaSi VII saukunis dasawyisis ambavTa Soris mocemulia cnoba,

romelSic, kerZod, naTqvamia, rom qarTul eklesias ewodeba sveticxovlis

(anu rac igivea, mcxeTis) wmida kaTolike samociqulo eklesia, sapatriarqo

eklesia. misi meTauri zis mociqulTa taxtze, mociqulTa magieria da aqvs

wodeba patriarqisa. qarTul eklesias mcxeTis, anu sveticxovlis sapatri-

arqo ewodeba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom sxva ucxour eklesiebsac mTavari qalaqebis mixedviT

aqvT saxeli, magaliTad romis, aleqsandriis, konstantinopolis, ierusali-

mis, moskovis sapatriarqoebi. qarTulsac aseve hqvia _ `wmida kaTolike

samociqulo eklesia sveti-cxoveli~, anu ̀ mcxeTis~.117

qarTuli eklesia samociqulo eklesiaa, misi meTauri mociqulTa taxtze

zis da mociqulTa magieria _ es ucvlel WeSmaritebad hqonda miCneuli

qarTvelobas.

qarTuli eklesia VII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi `qarTlis cxovrebis~

Tanaxmad, srulebiT damoukidebeli eklesiaa, romelmac miiRo sapatriarqo

eklesiad wodebis Rirseba. male VII saukunis meore naxevarSi mowveul

msoflio saeklesio krebas daudasturebia qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo

Rirseba. amis Sesaxeb ̀ broseseuli~, ̀ baraTaSviliseuli~, ̀ falavandiSviliseu-

li~ nusxebi weren:

`qristes aqeT... iqna kreba meeqvse, 170 wmidaTa mamaTa konstantinopolis

Sina meaTsametesa welsa poRonati konstantines mefobasa ... amis krebisa

mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida

mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa, viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike


eklesiani, sapatriarqoni. da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa

Tana da akurTxevdes, mwysides da ganagebdes simarTliT mTavarepiskoposTa,

mitropolitTa da episkoposTa da sawmysosa Tvissa qarTlsa, gamoRma-gaRma

kaxeTsa, Saqsa, Sirvansa da midgmiT-wamosvliT mTisa adgilisaTa, svaneTisa

da Cerqezis sazRvramdis, sruliad ovseTsa da yovelsa zemo-qarTlsa,

samcxe-saaTabagosa. misTvis migviTvlia saqarTvelos eklesiani _ pirvel-

iTgan antioqiis krebisa mier ganpatiosnebul iyo, da am krebisa mier

dagvimtkicebia patriarqad, rameTu nu iqnebian mitropoliti, nuca episkopo-

si kaTalikosisa Seundoblad ... odesca enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva

mironisa, akurTxos Tvissa eklesiasa....~118

680-681 wlebSi Sesdga VI msoflio kreba, romelic monoTelitTa winaaRmdeg

iyo mimarTuli. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, es kreba Semdgara konstan-

tine poRonatis (konstantine IV _ 668-685) mefobis mecamete wels. konstan-

tine IV zeobis mecamete weli aris 681 weli, rodesac marTlac Catarda

VI msoflio kreba.

es kreba monoTelitTa winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli, monoTelitTa eresiar-

qi sxvebTan erTad iyo lazikis (fazisis) mitropoliti kironi, romelic

qarTveli istorikosebis msjelobiT, igive egrisis arqiepiskoposi, qarTlis

kaTalikosi kirionia. aqedan gamomdinare, VI msoflio krebas, pirdapir Tu

arapirdapir, Sexeba hqonia qarTul eklesiasTan, msjeloba hqonia mis erT-

erT _ lazikis qveyanaze, qarTuli eklesiis ierarqze. amitomac, srulebiT

araa moulodneli, am krebas ganesazRvra qarTul eklesiasTan dakavSirebu-

li sakiTxi. kerZod, ganesazRvra qarTul eklesiasTan msoflio (berZnuli)

eklesiis mimarTeba, faqtobrivad eRiarebina iuridiulad ukve arsebuli

qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirseba, romelic manamde antioqiis sapa-

triarqosac ucvnia _ `pirveliTgan antioqiis krebisa mier ganpatiosnebul

iyo~ _ igulisxmeba (630-660-ian wlebSi) antioqiis mier qarTuli eklesiis

sapatriarqo Rirsebis aRiareba.

aucileblad yuradReba unda mieqces im faqts, rom VII saukuneSi (ise,

rogorc mimdinare saukuneebSi) qarTuli eklesiis mimxrobisaTvis, qarTuli

eklesiis Tavis mxareze gadayvanisaTvis aqtiurad ibrZoda ori msoflio

qristianuli banaki, romlebic siZlieriT tols ar udebdnen erTmaneTs

aRmosavleTis regionSi. berZnul-bizantiuri banaki Tavisi didi samxedro

ZaliT sxvadasxva xerxebiT cdilobda qarTuli eklesia yovelmxriv moew-

yvita aRmosavlur-somxur-albanuri eklesiisagan. qarTuli eklesiis Sina-

gani survili iyo CamoSoreboda aRmosavleTis eklesias, romelSic qarTveloba

Tavisi erovnuli gadagvarebis safrTxes xedavda da daaxloeboda bizanti-

is eklesias. magram es procesi Zalze rTuli Sinagani winaaRmdegobebiT

iyo aRsavse, garda amisa, arabi dampyroblebi, mose kalankatuelis Tanaxmad,

yovelmxriv aZlierebdnen somxur eklesias, raTa igi win aRdgomoda bizan-


tiuri eklesiis gavlenas amierkavkasiaSi. mose kalankatueli gadmogvcems

aseT ambavs _ dampyrobel arabTa umaRles xelisufalTan Civis somxeTis

kaTalikosi, rom albaneTis eklesia apirebs Tavi daaRwios aRmosavlur-

somxur eklesias da SeuerTdes bizantiur-berZnul eklesias. kaTalikosi

wers arab xelisufals _ `Cven da alvanebic erT rwmenas vemsaxurebiT _

qristes RvTaebriobas, xolo alvaneTis axlandeli kaTalikosi, romelic

partavSi zis, SeuTanxmda berZenTa keisars, ixseniebs mas locvebSi da

qveyanas aiZulebs mis rwmenas daeTanxmos. icodeT Tqven es da gulgrilad

nu SexedavT _ ubrZaneT, dasajon isini Tanaxmad TavianTi moqmedebisa...~119

albanuri eklesiis ltolva berZnuli eklesiisaken arabTa mier Sefase-

bul iqna rogorc arabTa xelisuflebisagan gandgoma. amitomac, alvanelTa

dasasjelad gaigzavna arabTa didi jari. am jaris meTaurs davalebuli

hqonda albanelebi moeqcia somxur rjulze. arabi xelisufali wers somex

kaTalikoss: _ `... gavgzavne iq Cemi sarwmuno msaxuri didi jariT da

vubrZane: Cveni xelisuflebisagan ganmdgari alvanelebi Tqveni rjulis

mixedviT simarTleze moaqcion~.120 arabTa didi jariT albaneTSi Cavida

somexTa kaTalikosi, somxuri sjulisagan ganmdgari albanelTa kaTalikosi

daapatimra da erT qalTan jaWvebiT `fexiT-fexze~ gadaabmevina. berZnuli

orientaciis momxre albanTa kaTalikosma es tanjva ver aitana da rva

dRis Semdeg gardaicvala. xolo somexTa kaTalikosis win Seikriba albane-

Tis umaRlesi samRvdeloeba, romelTac dasdes mtkice fici, rom arasodes

somxur sarwmunoebas ar gadauxvevdnen da maradis ierarqiul daqvemde-

barebaSi iqnebodnen somxur eklesiasTan.121 es momxdara somxuri welTaR-

ricxvis 148, anu 699 wels.

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, VII saukunis bolos, roca VI msoflio

kreba Catarda, amierkavkasiaSi Zalze rTuli saeklesio viTareba iyo. bi-

zantiuri orientaciis momxre eklesiebs arabebi sastikad sjidnen, arse-

bobda realuri safrTxe imisa, rom qarTuli eklesiac CamoeSorebinaT

bizantiis saeklesio gavlenisagan, amgvar situaciaSi sruliad bunebrivi

iqneboda msoflio krebas daekmayofilebina qarTuli eklesiis miswrafeba

sruli damoukideblobisaken, aRiareba imisa, rom qarTuli eklesia arc

erTi sxva romelime eklesiis ierarqiul damokidebulebaSi ar imyofeba,

aravis ar eqvemdebareba, aramed TviTve aris samociqulo, Tanaswori sxva

samociqulo eklesiebisa, sapatriarqo Rirsebis mqone, rom saqarTvelos

eklesiis kaTalikosi (anu sayovelTao mTavarepiskoposi) msoflios sxva

eklesiebis patriarqTa Tanasworia da TviTve aris patriarqi. unda SevniS-

noT, rom albaneTis eklesias Tavisi damoukideblobis aseTi garantiuli

dokumenti rom hqonoda VII saukuneSi, somxeTis kaTalikosi, albaT, nakle-

bad gabedavda albaneTis kaTalikosis dasjas da misi eklesiis kidev

ufro daqvemdebarebas, rogorc sarwmunoebrivi, ise ierarqiuli TvalsazrisiT.


VII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis orive mezobeli qveynis _ somxeTisa da

albaneTis kaTalikosebs patriarqebs uwodebdnen, rogorc zemoT vwerdiT,

orive eklesia samociqulod iyo miCneuli, orive eklesias (somxeTisa da

albaneTisa) gaaCnda zeTis _ mironis _ adgilze kurTxevis saukunovani

praqtika. amitomac, igive uflebebi da igive praqtika gaaCnda qarTul

eklesiasac, anu qarTuli eklesia iseve iyo samociqulo-sapatriarqo ekle-

sia, rogorc somxeTisa da albaneTis eklesiebi da adgilzeve, qarTlSi,

akurTxebda mirons, rac VI msoflio krebam aRiara da daamtkica.

VII saukunis ideologiiT, sapatriarqo eklesias unda hqonoda samRvde-

loebis cxra xarisxi: _ `berZnebma... Tqves, RmerTma daawesa cxra xarisxi

eklesiaSi, rogorc zeviT zecaSi, aseve aqac dedamiwaze da saydris Signi-

To: patriarqi, romelic igive mamamTavaria, arqiepiskoposi, romelsac episko-

posTa Tavs uwodeben, mitropolitebi, episkoposebi, mRvdlebi, arqidiakvnebi,

diakvnebi, wignis mkiTxvelebi, mefsalmuneni...~122 uTuod am ideologiis gav-

lena aqvs `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTs qarTuli sapatriarqos daarsebis

Sesaxeb, romelSic CamoTvlilia patriarqis xelqveiT myof ierarqTa igive

xarisxebi, romelic kalankatuels aqvs gadmocemuli. aq naTqvamia _ `iyos

kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana da akurTxevdes, mwysides da

ganagebdes simarTliT mTavarepiskoposTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa..~, kalanka-

tuelisa da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ monacemebis erTgvarovneba VII saukunis

saeklesio ierarqiis Sesaxeb ar aris ubralo damTxveva, rogorc erTi Sexed-

viT Cans, aramed asaxavs im dros eklesiaSi arsebul Tvalsazriss.

kalankatueli aRwers, rom berZnuli eklesia ekamaTeboda somxur ekle-

sias ierarqiuli daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb. berZnebi amtkicebdnen, rom msof-

lioSi arsebobs mxolod oTxi sapatriarqo _ aleqsandriis, antioqiis,

romisa da efesosi. somxuri eklesia im dros arc erTs ar eqvemdebarebo-

da. berZnebi mouwodebdnen somxebs, damorCilebodnen romelime patriarqs,

ise, rogorc pirveli mTavarepiskoposi somxeTisa grigoli emorCleboda.

.̀..gviCveneT patriarqi, romelsac emorCileba Tqveni arqiepiskoposi, is, romelic

dRemde Cvens xelqveiT iyo, xolo Tu Tqven patriarqi da sxva samRvdeloni

ara gyavT eklesiebSi, maSin arioziviT gzasacdenili mwvaleblebi yofilx-

arT... amaze somxebma veraferi upasuxes, radganac maTi eklesia marTlacda

amgvar viTarebaSi imyofeboda~.123 es iyo daaxloebiT VI saukunis Sua wleb-

Si. male TviT somxeTSive Seiqmna sapatriarqo eklesia. amis ufleba somx-

ur eklesias misca iman, rom iustinianem TviTneburad gazarda sapatri-

arqoTa ricxvi. Seiqmna axali sapatriarqoebi: aman ki stimuli misca kidev

axali sapatriarqoebis Seqmnas _ `maSin daiZrnen erTianad gulzviadni da

sadac ki aRsrulebulni iyvnen mociqulni, yvela taxti sapatriarqod aRi-

ares~.124 es xdeba VI saukunis bolodan.

somxuri eklesia am dros Tavis Tavs acxadebs sapatriarqo eklesiad.

magram sapatriarqo eklesiis ierarqia cxra xarisxiani unda yofiliyo.


patriarqs Tavis xelqveiT unda hyoloda arqiepiskoposi da mitropoliti.

aseTi xarisxebi ki imdroindel somxur eklesiaSi ar iyo. Tu rogor

moiqcnen am saqmis gadasawyvetad, movses kalankatuaci wers: `rac Seexeba

cxra xarisxs, eklesiaTa mesveurebma TviTneburad, somexTa ampartavani xas-

iaTis gamo, patriarqad abraami daadgines, arqiepiskoposad _ alvaneli,

xolo mitropolitad _ qarTveli. ganawyenda qarTveli, romelsac kirioni

erqva da ganxeTqilebisaTvis mizezs eZebda~.125

somxeTis sapatriarqo misi Semqmnelebis surviliT moicavda mTel am-

ierkavkasias, masSi Sedioda saqarTvelo, somxeTi da albaneTi. patriarqi

iyo somxeTis kaTalikosi, mTavarepiskoposi _ albaneTis kaTalikosi, mitro-

politi ki qarTlis kaTalikosi. qarTlis kaTalikosi albaneTis kaTaliko-

sze ufro dabal xarisxze iqna dayenebuli. aseTi sapatriarqo mxolod

Teoriulad arsebobda. es kargad miuTiTebs, Tu ratom iyo aucilebeli

qarTuli eklesia sapatriarqo eklesiad aRiarebuliyo VII saukuneSi, winaaRmdeg

SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli eklesia romelime ucxour sapatriarqos unda daqvem-

debareboda. arsebobda ori gza. imdroindeli SexedulebiT, adgilobrivi

eklesia an TviTve unda yofiliyo sapatriarqo eklesia, anda romelime sxva

sapatriarqos unda daqvemdebareboda. Tu sapatriarqo eklesia iyo, mas pa-

triarqis garda, arqiepiskoposi da mitropolitic unda hyoloda. `qarTlis

cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, VII saukuneSi daarsebul saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

hyavda ara marto patriarqi, aramed mTavarepiskoposni da mitropolitni. im

dros dawesda, rom qarTlis kaTalikosi patriarqTa Tanasworia da is ga-

nagebs `mTavarepiskoposTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa...~126

unda davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqo daarsda ara XI saukune-

Si, rogorc dRevandel mecnierebaSia miRebuli, aramed VII saukuneSi. trad-

iciuli qarTuli saeklesio istoriografia dabejiTebiT miuTiTebs saqarTve-

los sapatriarqos VII saukuneSi daarsebis Sesaxeb. saukuneTa manZilze

miRebuli es Tvalsazrisi kidev ufro mtkicdeba axali masalebiT, kerZod,

rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, amaze miuTiTebs VIII saukunis berZnuli warwera.

msoflio eklesiis mier VII saukuneSi aRiarebul iqna, rom saqarTvelos

(anu mcxeTis) eklesia aris sxva kaTolike samociqulo eklesiebis Tanas-

wori samociqulo eklesia, is aris sapatriarqo, misi meTauri ki patriarqia.

rogorc `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoT moyvanili amonawerebidan Cans, VII

saukuneSi saqarTvelosa da somxeTis axalformirebuli sapatriarqoebi

aqtiurad ibrZvian albaneTis eklesiis teritoriis TavianT sazRvrebSi

moqcevisaTvis. es bunebrivad mogveCveneba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom albane-

Tis eklesia am droidan denacionalizacias ganicdida, rasac Sedegad

albaneli xalxis sxva xalxebSi gaTqvefa da gaqroba mohyva. albaneTis

eklesiis magaliTi kargad gviCvenebs qarTuli eklesiis mier damoukide-

blobisaTvis brZolis droulobas.


VII saukuneSi formirebuli saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arsebobda VIII saukunis

Sua wlebamde. am dros erTiani qarTuli nominaluri `qarTlis samefos~

daSlas Sedegad mohyva qarTuli sapatriarqos daSla, ramac im saukuneSive

ori _ `afxazeTisa~ da `qarTlis~ sakaTalikosoebis warmoSoba gamoiwvia.

movses kalankatuacis mier aRweriliVII saukunis ambebi

movses kalankatuacis `alvanTa qveynis istoria~ (Zveli somxuridan Targmnili

l. davlianiZe-tatiSvilis mier) gamoica 1985 wels. gadmovcemT am wignis VII sauku-

nis zogierT ambavs, dakavSirebuls qarTuli eklesiis istoriasTan.

Tavi XI. herakle xazarebs ixmobs sparseTze salaSqrodTavi XI. herakle xazarebs ixmobs sparseTze salaSqrodTavi XI. herakle xazarebs ixmobs sparseTze salaSqrodTavi XI. herakle xazarebs ixmobs sparseTze salaSqrodTavi XI. herakle xazarebs ixmobs sparseTze salaSqrodherakles brZanebiT xazarebis Zlieri urdo daiZra amierkavkasiisaken.

sparsTa mefe maT daemuqra, amitom im weliwads dacxrnen da ukan dabrund-

nen. Semdeg wels jebu xaqanma Sekriba Tavisi xelqveiTi yvela tomi da

xalxi da Tavis SvilTan erTad albaneTSi Sevida uTvalavi jariT. albane-

Tis mTavari da mosaxleoba partavis cixeSi Caiketa. sparsTa mier albane-

Tis Crdilo sazRvarze kavkasiis mTidan zRvamde gavlebuli iyo didi

kedeli, romlis aSenebis xarjebmac albaneTi daauZlura. xazarTa jarma es

kedeli daamxo. albanelebi SeaSina boroti, utifari, farTosaxiani, uwamwamo,

qaliviT TmagaSlili brbos saSinelma risxvam, romelmac Seubraleblad

daxoca xalxi qalaqis quCebSi. ar indobdnen axalgazrdebsa da moxucebs,

ar ebralebodaT bavSvebi, romelnic daxocili dedis mkerdidan rZis nacv-

lad sisxls wovdnen. didi qalaqi partavi ubrZolvelad aiRes, ltolvili

mosaxleoba amowyvites. qveyana mxecebis namoqmedars daemsgavsa.

berZenTa da xazarTa laSqari berZenTa da xazarTa laSqari berZenTa da xazarTa laSqari berZenTa da xazarTa laSqari berZenTa da xazarTa laSqari `̀̀̀̀qarTvelTa qveynis winaaRmdegqarTvelTa qveynis winaaRmdegqarTvelTa qveynis winaaRmdegqarTvelTa qveynis winaaRmdegqarTvelTa qveynis winaaRmdeg~~~~~`yovelive amis Semdeg, daiZra azvirTebuli niaRvari da aboboqrebuli

mdinare qarTvelTa qveynis winaaRmdeg, garemoicves nebieri, savaWro da

saxelovani didi qalaqi tfilisi~ (gv.70) rodesac herakle keisarma Se-

ityo, rom xazarTa (Crdilokavkasiel tomTa) jarma alya Semoartya Tbi-

liss, swrafad wavida Tavisi jariT... Sexvda xazarTa meTaurs. `mefuri

saCuqrebisa da saboZvrebis mirTmevasTan erTad, metad gaixares erTmaneTis

xilviT~. Tbilisis cixesimagreSi Caketili mosaxleoba cud dReSi Cavarda.

sparseTis mefe xosrom, roca Seityo berZenTa da xazarTa mefeebis TbilisTan

Sexvedris ambavi, Tbilisis garemocvis dawyebamde qalaqis dasacavad da

dasaxmareblad saswrafod gagzavna marjve da mamaci mxedarmTavari, 1000-

mde rCeuli mxedriTa da mxleblebiT.


berZnebi da xazarebi Tbiliss ver iRebenberZnebi da xazarebi Tbiliss ver iRebenberZnebi da xazarebi Tbiliss ver iRebenberZnebi da xazarebi Tbiliss ver iRebenberZnebi da xazarebi Tbiliss ver iRebenTbiliselebma, roca ixiles sparsTa maSveli Zala Zlieri da gamocdili

meomrebiT, metad gamxnevdnen da orive mefis dacinva daiwyes. Tumca, xe-

davdnen, CrdiloeTis (xazarTa) da dasavleTis (berZenTa) jarebis did sim-

ravles. isini mTebiviT Semortymodnen qalaqs garSemo. hqondaT bizantiel

ostatTa mier gakeTebuli oTxTvliani manqanebi da nair-nairi saSualebebi,

romlebic zustad isrodnen da uzarmazari qvebiT kedels angrevdnen, sxva

saSualebiT mdinare mtkvars ukan, qalaqis kedlisaken abrunebdnen.

Tbiliselebs ar SeSinebiaT, mamacurad ibrZodnen, erTmaneTs amxnevebdnen,

dangreuls iqve aSenebdnen da amitomac mterma Tbilisi ver aiRo.

berZenTa da xazarTa mefis jarebi dasustdnen, daZabundnen Tbilisis kar-

Tan da gadaiqcnen. maTi qveiTi laSqris nawili omSi daeca. erekle keisarma

bWoba gamarTa xazarTa mefesTan. maT Tqves: `risTvis davRupoT Cveni jarebi

Tbilisis karTan. umjobesia sparsTa mefes SevebrZoloT~. erekle keisarma

uTxra xazarTa mefes: ̀ umjobesia am weliwads Sens qveyanaSi dabrunde, rad-

ganac Seni jarebi daqanculia. axla zafxulis sicxeSi veRar SevZlebT

sparseTis dedaqalaqSi Sesvlas. momaval wels ki SemodgomiT saswrafod

gamoeSure aqeT, raTa Cveni survili SevisruloT. me ki ar davcxrebi, Severk-

inebi sparseTis mefes, Sevaviwroveb mis qveSevrdomebs~.

ukandaxeul berZen-xazarTa mefeebs Tbiliselebi dascinianukandaxeul berZen-xazarTa mefeebs Tbiliselebi dascinianukandaxeul berZen-xazarTa mefeebs Tbiliselebi dascinianukandaxeul berZen-xazarTa mefeebs Tbiliselebi dascinianukandaxeul berZen-xazarTa mefeebs Tbiliselebi dascinianrodesac mtris ukandaxeva gaiges, Tbiliselebi gaamaydnen da gaiTamaSes

oini _ moitanes erTi uzarmazari gogra, zed daaxates honTa (xazarTa)

mefis saxe, Tval-wamwamis adgilas daxazes motexili toti, romlis SemCneva

arc ki SeiZleboda, wverebis adgili utifrad moaSiSvles, cxviris nestoe-

bi mtkavelis siganeze gamosaxes, xolo ulvaSebad meCxeri Tmebi (mongol-

oiduri saxe gamoxates). es gogra dadges kedelze, uyvirodnen mibrunebul

xazarebis jars _ ̀ ai Tqveni mefe, ukan dabrundiT, Tayvani eciT mas, es jebu

xaqaniao~. aiRes Subebi da xvretdnen gogras.

uaresad dascinodnen da abuCad igdebdnen herakle keisars. Seuracxmyo-

feli bilwi sityvebiT aginebdnen mas.

bizantielTa da xazarTa mefeebma fici dasdes, rom arc erTbizantielTa da xazarTa mefeebma fici dasdes, rom arc erTbizantielTa da xazarTa mefeebma fici dasdes, rom arc erTbizantielTa da xazarTa mefeebma fici dasdes, rom arc erTbizantielTa da xazarTa mefeebma fici dasdes, rom arc erTsuliers ar datovebdnen qarTvelTa samefoSisuliers ar datovebdnen qarTvelTa samefoSisuliers ar datovebdnen qarTvelTa samefoSisuliers ar datovebdnen qarTvelTa samefoSisuliers ar datovebdnen qarTvelTa samefoSi

dacinvis `... mnaxveli da gamgone mefeebi mZvinvarebdnen, ifxorebodnen,

gulSi siZulvils igrovebdnen, Tavebs aqnevdnen, udidesi wyevliT ifice-

bodnen, rom arc erT suliers ar datovebdnen maT samefoSi, vidre Surs ar

iZiebdnen am SeuracxyofisaTvis, romelic maTgan miiRes. Semdeg ki piri

ibrunes da imave muqariT wavidnen~. (gv.72)


Tavi XII. Tavi XII. Tavi XII. Tavi XII. Tavi XII. herakle eZebs saSualebebs TbilisTan miyenebuliherakle eZebs saSualebebs TbilisTan miyenebuliherakle eZebs saSualebebs TbilisTan miyenebuliherakle eZebs saSualebebs TbilisTan miyenebuliherakle eZebs saSualebebs TbilisTan miyenebuliSeuracxyofis autaneli senisgan gansakurnebladSeuracxyofis autaneli senisgan gansakurnebladSeuracxyofis autaneli senisgan gansakurnebladSeuracxyofis autaneli senisgan gansakurnebladSeuracxyofis autaneli senisgan gansakurneblad

TbilisTan miyenebuli Seuracxyofis Semdeg `... keisari Tavis gonebaSi

saSualebebs eZebda, Tu rogor gankurnebuliyo Seuracxyofis autaneli

senisagan~ (gv.72) am xnis ganmavlobaSi daibruna sparsTa mier dapyrobili

bizantiuri miwebi. is eZebda gzebs, rom Crdilo kavkasiidan `... wamoeyvana

barbarosTa sxvadasxva tomebi da maTi saSualebiT gaeZevebina sparseTis

amayi mefe xosrovi~ (gv. 72). gagzavna CrdiloeTiT honebTan erTi Tavisi

didebulTagani, romelic honebs (xazarebs) hpirdeboda uricxv da uTvalav

ganZeulobas Tu daexmarebodnen.

CrdiloeTis mefis nacvali jebu xakani daTanxmda keisars. xakanma kei-

sars Tavisi Tanxmoba gaugzavna 1000-mde mxedris xeliT, romelnic iyvnen

rCulni simamaciT da Zlierni mSvildosnobiT. maT advilad aiRes Coris

kari, arwivebiviT gafrindnen mtkvrisaken _ `aravis indobdnen, vinc maT

winaaRmdeg gamovidoda. gezi aiRes qarTvelTa da egerTa qveynebisaken~ (gv.

72). gadalaxes Savi zRva da warudgnen herakle keisars. am mxedrebma mas

gadasces xakanis Tanxmoba sparselebTan omSi monawileobaze.

CrdiloeTis mefem Sepirebis Tanaxmad gagzavna jari SaTis meTaurobiT

herakles dasaxmareblad. es jari sparseTis mxareebs ekveTa. xosro gaiqca

da Tavis namdvil dedaqalaqSi, did tibzanSi Cavida. sparsi mxedarT-

mTavrisaTvis ukve cnobili iyo, rom xosrovis mier naCqarevad Sekrebili

susti jari keisris winaSe damarcxdeboda. is afrTxilebda Tavis mefes,

rom moispoboda sparselTa jari am uTanasworo omSi. sparsTa jari dama-

rcxda. rodesac sparseTis didebulebma dainaxes is didi marcxi, rac

maTma laSqarma ganicada, daiwyes fiqri amboxebisaTvis. xosrovis Svili

kavati aujanyda Tavis mamas, Camoagdo taxtidan da gamefda.

Tavi XIV. Tavi XIV. Tavi XIV. Tavi XIV. Tavi XIV. Tbilisis aReba da dasja dacinvisaTvisTbilisis aReba da dasja dacinvisaTvisTbilisis aReba da dasja dacinvisaTvisTbilisis aReba da dasja dacinvisaTvisTbilisis aReba da dasja dacinvisaTvisaxalgamefebuli kavatisgan yvelam moipova Tavisi danaSaulis miteveba.

gaaTavisufles patimrebi, maT Soris alvaneTis kaTalikosi viro.

amierkavkasiaSi SemoWrili CrdiloeTis jarebi gamanadgurebeli ZaliT

ekveTnen sparselebs. es jarebi pirvel rigSi ekveTnen qarTvelTa qveyanas

_ qalaq Tbiliss. axla maT saSualeba miecaT, gaefantaT winandeli Seu-

racxyofis gamo dagrovili SurisZieba. Tbiliss alya Semoartyes, daiwyo

brZola. Tbiliselebi ori Tvis manZilze mxned icavdnen Tavs, Semdeg ki

dasustdnen. ukanaskneli Tavdauzogavi brZolis Semdeg Tbiliselebma ukan

daixies galavnisaken. mebrZolebi imalebodnen saxlebis saxuravebze, wyal-

saden milebSi, eklesiebSi. maTi godeba emsgavseboda cxvris didi faris

bRavils kravebisadmi, anda dedis mwuxare kvnesas Tavisi yrmis mimarT (gv.


77). mTeli mosaxleoba amowyvites. Semdeg gamoiyvanes ori mTavari, erTi

sparseli mmarTveli am mxarisa, da meore ki qarTveli, qveynis adgilobrivi

mcxovrebi. CrdiloelTa mefem maT daTxara Tvalebi, imis samagierod, rom

Seuracxyofis mizniT misi saxe suraTze brma daxates. Semdeg ki daaxrCo

isini, tyavi gaaZro da TiviT gatenili fitulebi galavans zemoT Camohkida.

jariskacebma naZarcvi qalaqis qoneba zvinebad daawyves mbrZaneblis winaSe

_ `mis win imdenad xSrad mohqondaT, rom damqancveli gaxda uTvalavi

oqrosa da vercxlis talantebis yureba, xolo vis SeuZlia zedmiwevniT

aRweros margalitebiT mooWvili saeklesio WurWeli~ (gv. 77).

alvaneTis kaTalikosi viro gaemarTa mterTan mosalaparakeblad. alv-

anelebma ixiles Rreoba mtris uTvalavi jariskacisa. maT `oqroTi mo-

varayebuli vercxlis Wiqebi da sasmisebi wamoRebuli hqondaT tfilisis

aoxrebisas~ (gv. 81).

Tavi XIX. Tavi XIX. Tavi XIX. Tavi XIX. Tavi XIX. qarTvelebi exmarebian alvanelebsqarTvelebi exmarebian alvanelebsqarTvelebi exmarebian alvanelebsqarTvelebi exmarebian alvanelebsqarTvelebi exmarebian alvanelebsalvanelTa mTavar juanSers ebrZvian sparselebi, romelTac daatyveves

misi mama da Zmebi. juanSeri Tavisi jariT _ `swrafad gavida Tavisi

samSoblos sazRvrebidan da gadavida mtkvris iqiTa mxares kapiWanis ga-

varSi~ (gv. 91). (`kapiWani anu kambeCani alvaneTSi ki ar mdebareobs, aramed

mis gareT, alvaneTis mTavari `kapiWanSi~ Sedis `Tavis samSoblo sazRvre-

bidan~ gasvlis Semdeg).

qarTvelTa sazRvrebTan juanSers Sexvda qarTvelTa mTavari adarnase _

`... qarTvelTa sazRvrebTan iq qveynis didad pativcemuli iSxani atrnerse,

romelsac hromaelTa samefosagan sammagi pativi hqonda miRebuli, movida

masTan da TviTon uxvevda Wrilobebs, radganac uxaroda misi didi gula-

dobiT mopovebuli gamarjveba. im dros maT mSvidobis urRvevi kavSiri

Sekres erTmaneTTan. juanSerma Tan waiyvana saSvelad qarTvelTa jari...~

(gv. 92), qarTvelTa jaris daxmarebiT mravalgzis daamarcxa sparselebi,

rac dainaxes `... somexTa da qarTvelTa qveynebis naxararebma...~ (gv. 92).

Tavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XLII. honTa qveyanaSi II. honTa qveyanaSi II. honTa qveyanaSi II. honTa qveyanaSi II. honTa qveyanaSi `̀̀̀̀sapatriarqo taxtissapatriarqo taxtissapatriarqo taxtissapatriarqo taxtissapatriarqo taxtis~~~~~ daarsebis survili daarsebis survili daarsebis survili daarsebis survili daarsebis survili

honTa didi mTavari eTaTbireba Tavis mTavrebs imis Sesaxeb, rom israel-

ma episkoposma honTa qveyanaSi daawesos `sapatriarqo taxti~ (gv. 121).

honebi sTxoven albanel episkoposs, darCes maT qveyanaSi. episkoposi pasux-

obs _ `me ar SemiZlia dageTanxmoT alvaneTis didi patriarqis wmida

eliazaris gareSe, radganac mxolos mas aqvs amis ufleba... saWiroa Tqveni

gonivruli azri werilobiT gaacnoT mTel alvaneTis qveyanas da patriarq

eliazars, romelmac wmida eliSas droidan dRemde daamkvidra Crdilo-


aRmosavleTiT erTi samociqulo taxti RvTis samyofel qalaq ierusalimi-

dan da kurTxeva miiRo uflis Zmis wmida iakobisagan~ (gv. 123).

Tavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XLIV.IV.IV.IV.IV. honTa mTavari imave saqmeze werils ugzavnis somexTa mamamTavars,

somexTa mTavarsa da zorapets. is maT sTxovs albaneli episkoposi israe-

li gagzavnon honebis sulier mwyemsad.

Tavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XLV.V.V.V.V. somexTa kaTaliskosi da mTavari pasuxoben _ `israeli ekuTv-

nis ara Cvens samwysos, aramed _ alvaneTisas, Tumca Cveni survilia, rom is

samudamod TqvenTan iyos, magram amis ufleba mxolod Cvens Tanamosaydre

alvaneTis patriarqs eliazars aqvs. es misi saqmea~ (gv. 125).

Tavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XLVI. somxeTis sapatriarqo taxtisVI. somxeTis sapatriarqo taxtisVI. somxeTis sapatriarqo taxtisVI. somxeTis sapatriarqo taxtisVI. somxeTis sapatriarqo taxtisgayofa VI saukunis bolosgayofa VI saukunis bolosgayofa VI saukunis bolosgayofa VI saukunis bolosgayofa VI saukunis bolos

`somxeTis sapatriarqo taxtis gayofis dros (igulisxmeba VI s-is bolo)

didi brZola moxda movsessa da karinis episkoposs Teodoss Soris...

marTlmadideblebi lanZavdnen berZenTa yovelgvar wess. movsesma (igulisxme-

ba somxeTis kaTalikosi mose elivardeli (590-607) Sekriba Tavisi mxaree-

bis vardapetebi da ubrZana amieridan urTierToba gaewyvitaT berZnebTan,

romlebic qalkedonis krebas emorCilebodnen, arc wignebi, arc xatebi, arc

nawilebi ar mieRoT maTgan. maSin Teodosma brZana Sekrebiliyvnen mis

xelisuflebaSi arsebuli mxaris somexi episkoposebi qalaq karinSi da

uTxra: saWiroa kaTalikosi avirCioT, moiyvanes vinme ioane sivnieli (ig-

ulisxmeba ioane gogoviteli), akurTxes da qalkedonur sarwmunoebas daemor-

Cilnen~ (gv. 126).

`movses patriarqis gardacvalebis Semdeg da somxeTSi xosrovis gamefe-

bisas qveyana gaerTianda. patriarqad dasves WeSmariti da rCeuli kaci

abraami (igulsxmeba abraam albaTaneli, 607-615), romelmac jer wyevla-

krulviT aRmofxvra qalkedonis kreba, xolo Semdeg ekurTxa. xatmebrZole-

bi ki wamovidnen alvaneTSi da aRaSfoTes Tqveni qveyana, maSin gadmanis

mTavarma Seipyro is sami kaci, romelTa saxelebi zemoT vaxseneT da

borkildadebuli somxeTSi miiyvana~... (gv. 127). (albaneTSi Sepyrobil xat-

mebrZolebs dasasjelad somxeTs ugzavnian).

Tavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XLVII. qarTvelTa da somexTa VII. qarTvelTa da somexTa VII. qarTvelTa da somexTa VII. qarTvelTa da somexTa VII. qarTvelTa da somexTa `̀̀̀̀ganyofaganyofaganyofaganyofaganyofa~~~~~`...hromaelTa keTilmsaxuri mefeebis zenonisa da anstasis brZanebiT

erTsulovnad SeaCvenes qalkedonis kreba da leonis tomari. 47 wlis

Semdeg (z. aleqsiZis TargmaniT, 87 wlis Semdeg), somexTa kaTalikosis _

abraamis dros qarTvelebi somxebs gamoeyvnen kirionis mier. maTTanve iyvnen


berZnebi da italielebi. alvanelebs ki ar uaruyviaT marTlmadidebloba, ma-

gram somxebTan erToba SeinarCunes. abraamma yvelas gaugzavna kirionis gandgo-

milobis cirkularuli sigeli da ganaZeva is sulieri xmliT...~ (gv. 128).

Tavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XTavi XLVIII. cxra saeklesio xarisxis SesaxebVIII. cxra saeklesio xarisxis SesaxebVIII. cxra saeklesio xarisxis SesaxebVIII. cxra saeklesio xarisxis SesaxebVIII. cxra saeklesio xarisxis Sesaxeb`berZnebma xom Tqves, RmerTma daawesa cxra xarisxi eklesiaSi, rogorc

zeviT zecaSio, aseve unda iyos aqac, dedamiwaze da saydarSi. patriarqi,

romelic igive mamamTavaria, arqiepiskoposi, romelsac episkoposTa Tavs

uwodeben, mitropolitebi, episkoposebi, mRvdlebi, arqidiakvnebi, diakvnebi,

wignis mkiTxvelebi, mefsalmuneni, _ yvela amaT SeerTebulad SeuZliaT

xeli daasxan mamamTavars, xolo mamamTavars SeuZlia _ yvelas. Tu gulwr-

felad gwamT (mimarTaven berZnebi somxebs), aRiareT vin aris Tqveni patri-

arqi? isini mxolod oTxni iyvnen qveyanaze: aleqsandriisa _ markozis

saydari, antioqiisa _ maTesi, romisa _ lukasi, efesosi _ ioanesi. _ qveynis

oTxi kuTxis mixedviT, edemis oTxnakadiani mdinaris mixedviT, oTxi maxare-

blis mixedviT, moses oTxi kanonis mixedviT...~ Cven yovelive amas vemor-

CilebiT. daemorCileT Tqvenc erT amaTgans, anda yvelas erTad, raTa erTi

sarwmunoeba gvqondes. Tqvenma wmida grigorma mTavarepiskoposad xeldasx-

ma kesariaSi miiRo da mas Semdeg aseve xdeba dRemde. Tu Tqven misgan

gansxvavebuli sxva eklesiis marTlmadideblebi xarT, maSin gviCveneT pa-

triarqi, romelsac emorCileba Tqveni arqiepiskoposi, is, romelic dRemde

Cvens xelqveiT iyo. xolo Tu Tqven patriarqi da sxva samRvdeloni ara

gyavT eklesiaSi, maSin arioziviT gzasacdenili mwvaleblebi yofilxarT...

amaze somxebma veraferi upasuxes, radganac maTi eklesia marTlacda amg-

var viTarebaSi imyofeboda. iustinianem Tavis gamefebisTanave wmida ioane

maxareblis nawilebi konstantinopolSi gadaitana da iq samamamTavro tax-

ti daawesa, ZiriTadi taxti ki efesoSi darCa. agreTve maTes nawilebi

antioqiidan ierusalimSi iqna gadatanili. Tan ambobda: `es qalaqi didi

mefis qalaqiao~, ZiriTadi taxti ki isev antioqiaSi datova. maSin daiZrnen

erTianad gulzviadni da sadac ki aRsrulebulni iyvnen mociqulni, yvela

taxti sapatriarqod aRiares... rac Seexeba cxra xarisxs somxeTSi, eklesi-

aTa mesveurebma TviTneburad somexTa ampartavani xasiaTis gamo patri-

arqad abraami daadgines, arqiepiskoposad _ albaneli, xolo mitropoli-

tad _ qarTveli. ganawyenda qarTveli, romelsac kirioni erqva da ganxeT-

qilebisaTvis mizezs eZebda. maSin wminda mRvdelmTavarma abraamma Tqva:

`alvanelebma qarTvelebze adre miiRes qristianoba da amitomac ufro

Seefereba mTavarepiskoposobao~. am marTlmadidebluri rwmenis ZiebaSi kama-

Tis dros qarTvelebma datoves marTlmadidebloba da qalkedonitebi gaxd-

nen. berZeni mxedarTmTavrebi aqezebdnen somxebs, moeTxovaT sasuliero pirvel-

oba alvanelebze, rasac alvanelebi ar emorCilebodnen, isini uTiTebdnen


erT pirvandel mociqulze, romelic alvaneTSi movida. mas eliSa erqva,

uflis mowafeTagani iyo da xeldasxmuli uflis Zmis _ iakobisagan. eliSas

iq uqadagia da aRuSenebia eklesia somxebze ufro adre. es aris aRmosav-

leTSi pirveli deda-eklesiao. am gisis eklesias erwmunen alvanelebi da

somxebisagan gaiTiSnen, raTa ar darCeniliyvnen sxvisi xelisuflebis qveS

(aseve aqvs arseni safarelsac _ herTa kaTalikosi abazi (552-596) kirion-

Tan erTad ganSorebia somxur eklesias). maSin somxebma, ampartavnebis gamo

berZenTa, romelnic cdilobdnen daemcirebinaT Tadeoz mociqulis gansas-

venebeli da ambobdnen, ara gyavT mTavarepiskoposi da mitropolitio, gada-

wyvites savardapetos episkoposi mitropolitad eqciaT. misces mas jvari

da pativi...~ (gv. 131).

wigni IIIwigni IIIwigni IIIwigni IIIwigni IIITavi III. albanelTa qalkedoniti kaTalikosis SesaxebTavi III. albanelTa qalkedoniti kaTalikosis SesaxebTavi III. albanelTa qalkedoniti kaTalikosis SesaxebTavi III. albanelTa qalkedoniti kaTalikosis SesaxebTavi III. albanelTa qalkedoniti kaTalikosis Sesaxeb

albaneTis sakaTalikoso taxtze adis nersesi, romelic qalkedonitia,

magram malavs. eriskacobisas bakuri erqva, Semdeg gardmanis episkoposi

iyo. mas mxars uWers albaneTis dedofali, qalkedoniti sparami, varaz

Trdatis meuRle. roca Sesaferisi dro dadga, nersesma gaamJRavna Tavisi

qalkedonitoba, mas dedofali aqezebda. sxva qalkedonit mTavarTa dax-

marebiT man mravali eklesia qalkedoniturad aqcia, gandevna zogi monofiziti

episkoposi, maT Soris xazarTa momaqceveli israeli, sxvebi ki TviTonve

ganSordnen. monofizitebs emxroboda alvaneTis didi mTavari Sero. amaT

moiwvies kreba da SeaCvenes nersesi sxva qalkedonitebTan erTad. krebam

werili miswera somxeTis kaTalikoss _ elias.

Tavi IV. albanel monofizitTa werili somexTa kaTalikossTavi IV. albanel monofizitTa werili somexTa kaTalikossTavi IV. albanel monofizitTa werili somexTa kaTalikossTavi IV. albanel monofizitTa werili somexTa kaTalikossTavi IV. albanel monofizitTa werili somexTa kaTalikossalbanel monofizitTa kreba Tayvaniscemas ucxadebs somexTa kaTalikoss

da swers: `Cvens mamebs Tqvens mamebTan erTad saerTo marTali rwmena

hqondaT _ imZlavra qalkedonurma rwmenam da aavso qveyana... nersesi

mglad iqca da daiwyo qristes gonieri samwysos gadabireba. amis gamo

moviwadineT Segvetyobinebina es... raTa moxvideT CvenTan, rogorc Tqvens

nawilTan da gankurnoT Cveni Wrilobebi...~ (gv. 138).

(albanel monofizitebs miaCniaT, rom albanuri eklesia somxuri eklesi-

is nawilia, rom albanelTa da somexTa `mamebs~ saerTo rwmena hqoniaT.

mouwodeben somexTa kaTalikoss, raTa is mivides albaneTSi, rogorc `mis

nawilSi~ da imoqmedos. es xdeba VII saukunis miwuruls, am saukunis dasawyisSi

ki srulebiT identuri ambavi xdeba qvemo qarTlSi _ gugarqSi. `epistole-

Ta wignis~ Tanaxmad gugarqeli, anu qarTveli monofizitebi TavianT ekle-

sias miiCnevdnen somxuri eklesiis nawilad da mouwodebdnen somxeTis


sakaTalikosos ̀ emoqmeda~ gugarqelTa dasaxmareblad. (gugarqel qarTvel-

Ta, iseve rogorc albanelTa, saeklesio ena somxuri iyo).

Tavi V. somexTa kaTalikosi arab amirasTan uCivisTavi V. somexTa kaTalikosi arab amirasTan uCivisTavi V. somexTa kaTalikosi arab amirasTan uCivisTavi V. somexTa kaTalikosi arab amirasTan uCivisTavi V. somexTa kaTalikosi arab amirasTan uCivisalbanel qalkedonitebsalbanel qalkedonitebsalbanel qalkedonitebsalbanel qalkedonitebsalbanel qalkedonitebs

arab xelisufals somexTa kaTalikosi swers, rom somxeTi arabebs emor-

Cileba da emsaxureba RmerTis nebiT, albanelebi da somxebi qristianebi

arian, magram albanelTa kaTalikosi, romelic partavSi zis, SeuTanxmda

berZenTa imperators, ixseniebs mas locvebSi da albanelTa qveyanas aiZu-

lebs, miiRos bizantiuri sarwmunoeba. somexTa kaTalikosi Semdeg mou-

wodebs amiras, rom is albanelTa qalkedonitobas gulgrilad nu Sexedavs,

dasajos isini TavianTi moqmedebis Sesabamisad (msgavsad aseve somexTa

sakaTalikosom da marzpanma qarTuli eklesiis qalkedonitobis, anu ̀ berZnuli

sarwmunoebis~ Sesaxeb Seatyobines sparsTa mefes kirionis dros da mou-

wodes, daesaja qarTuli eklesia bizantiuri rjulisaTvis).

Tavi VI. arabi amira pasuxobs somexTa kaTalikossTavi VI. arabi amira pasuxobs somexTa kaTalikossTavi VI. arabi amira pasuxobs somexTa kaTalikossTavi VI. arabi amira pasuxobs somexTa kaTalikossTavi VI. arabi amira pasuxobs somexTa kaTalikossarabi amira somexTa kaTalikoss ̀ RvTis kacs~ uwodebs da atyobinebs, rom

man albaneTSi gagzavna didi jari erTguli msaxuris meTaurobiT. am jars

nabrZanebi aqvs arabTa xelisuflebisagan gamdgari alvanelebi moaqcios

somxur sarwmunoebaze. ̀ ...Cveni xelisuflebisagan gamdgari alvanelebi Tqveni

sjulis mixedviT simarTleze moaqcion~ (gv. 139).

(aqedan Cans, rom arabebs qalkedonitebi miaCniaT arabTa xelisuflebisagan

gandgomilebad, xolo ̀ somxuri sarwmunoebis~ mqoneni erTgul RvTis kacebad).

Semdeg atyobinebs, rom `Cveni msaxuri Sens winaSe partavSi sisruleSi

moiyvans sasjels, nersessa da mis Tanamoazre qals rkinis jaWviT gadaabam-

en da Sercxvenilebs samefo karze moiyvanen, raTa yvelam ixilos meambox-

eTa Seuracxyofa~ (gv. 139).

(yvela qalkedoniti arabTaTvis meamboxea. aseve uwodeben qalkedonitebs _

`Cveni xelisuflebiasagan gandgomilebs~, amitomac isini sastikad unda daisa-

jon. albanelTa kaTalikosi nersesic ̀ meamboxea~ Tavisi qalkedonitobis gamo,

is unda daisajos somexi kaTalikosis winaSe, xolo somxebs ufleba aqvT

albanelebi ̀ TavianT sarwmunoebaze~, anu somxur sarwmunoebaze moaqcion).

Tavi VII. somexTa kaTalikosi albaneTSi sjisTavi VII. somexTa kaTalikosi albaneTSi sjisTavi VII. somexTa kaTalikosi albaneTSi sjisTavi VII. somexTa kaTalikosi albaneTSi sjisTavi VII. somexTa kaTalikosi albaneTSi sjisalbanTa kaTalikossalbanTa kaTalikossalbanTa kaTalikossalbanTa kaTalikossalbanTa kaTalikoss

somexTa kaTalikosi sagangebod Cavida albaneTSi, dajda mTavar taZarSi

da brZana misTvis dasasjelad miegvaraT albanTa kaTalikosi nersesi. SeSineb-


uli albanelTa kaTalikosi daimala, Semdeg Seipyres da miiyvanes somexTa

kaTalikosis winaSe. `mravalricxovan SekrebilTa Soris elias winaSe upa-

suxod idga ubeduri. mefis brZanebiT mas mZime sasjeli gamoutanes: gadaabes

fexiT fexze im qalTan da Soreul qveyanaSi gasagzavnad moamzades, magram

ver aitana es tanjva da rva dRis Semdeg gardaicvala~ (gv. 140). (aqedan

Cans, rom arabebma sastikad dasajes ara marto qalkedoniti samRvdeloeba,

nersesi da masTan daaxloebulni, aramed saero qalkedoniti xelisufle-

bac, magaliTad, albaneTis qalkedoniti dedofali sparami, romelic dasam-

cireblad albanTa kaTalikosis fexze gamoabes da gadaasaxles).

qalkedonituri literatura gaanadgures. arabebma da albaneTSi sa-

gangebod Casulma somxebma albanTa kaTalikos nersesis qalkedonituri

wignebi, romliTac savse iyo zanduki, wyalSi Cayares.

`... nersesis `wvalebiT~ savse wignebi, romliTac avsebuli iyo zanduki,

waiRes da mTlianad mdinare trtutSi Cayares...~ (gv. 140)

Tavi VIII. somexTa kaTalikosi erTgulebis xelwerils,Tavi VIII. somexTa kaTalikosi erTgulebis xelwerils,Tavi VIII. somexTa kaTalikosi erTgulebis xelwerils,Tavi VIII. somexTa kaTalikosi erTgulebis xelwerils,Tavi VIII. somexTa kaTalikosi erTgulebis xelwerils,

anu anu anu anu anu `̀̀̀̀Semomtkicebis wignsSemomtkicebis wignsSemomtkicebis wignsSemomtkicebis wignsSemomtkicebis wigns~~~~~, arTmevs albanelebs, arTmevs albanelebs, arTmevs albanelebs, arTmevs albanelebs, arTmevs albanelebsRmerTmao, _ weren albanelebi ̀ Semomtkicebis wignSi~, _ ̀ Segvibrala Cven

uZlurni, Seiwyala Cveni xalxi da gamogvigzavna RvTis madliT Rirseuli

mama elia _ somexTa kaTalikosi, kaci wmida da marTali, wmida grigoris

taZris mflobeli, episkoposebTan da vardapetebTan erTad~. somexTa kaTa-

likosi albaneTSi Casula sami somexi episkoposisa, vardapetisa da mraval

mowafeTa TanxlebiT (gv. 141). (SeiZleba Sedareba _ somxeTis eklesia

kirionis drosac apirebda qarTlSi somexi episkoposebis gagzavnas, raTa

maT kirionisaTvis `eswavlebinaT swori sarwmunoeba~).

albanelebi Semdeg weren somxeTidan Casuli samRvdeloebis Sesaxeb _

`moxvediT Tqven Cvens dedaqalaq partavSi da tkbili moZRvrebiT aRkveTeT

boroti Cvens Soris. gagvaxseneT Cveni winapris anderZi...~ (gv. 141).

Semdeg _ `rodesac gansacdelma moaRwia Cvenamde, RmerTma aRmogviCina

Semweoba wmida grigoris monacvlis meSveobiT, romlis marTlmorwmuneobis

mowafeni varT da viqnebiT. elia somexTa kaTalikosi gaxda simarTlis

mterze SurismaZiebeli da axla Cven yvelani vwyevliT `mwvaleblebs~ ...

qalkedonis krebasa da leonis tomars... SevaCveneT Cveni sacodavi ners-

esic, romelic saTnoeyo orbunebianTa `wvalebas~ da misi mimdevarni. Cven

SevadgineT es sabuTi RmrTisa... raTa amis Semdeg aRarvin gabedos gadaux-

vios Cveni mamebis naanderZevs. xolo Tu gamoCndeba vinme utifari... aseve

SeCvenebuli iqneba... Tu episkoposTagani iqneba vinme _ Rirseba CamoerTvas

da taxtidan Camogdebul iqnas. Tu mRvdeli _ aseve mouvides, Tu vinme

berTagani, _ SeCvendes da ganidevnos, xolo Tu azatTagani iyos _ eklesi-


idan moikveTos da amxanagebSi gareva aekrZalos, vidre marTlmadideblur

rwmenaze ar Semobrundes~. (aqedan Cans, rom arabTa zemoqmedebiT al-

banelebi (da ara marto albanelebi, aramed kavkasiis qalkedonitebi) iZu-

lebulni arian TavianTi Tavi somxuri eklesiis wevrebad gamoacxadon da

dagmon qalkedonitoba. qalkedoniti samRvdeloeba ganikveTeba da ganidevneba,

qalkedoniti eriskacebi moikveTeba sazogadoebidan _ `amxanagebidan~ da

eklesiidan, mas ekrZaleba sazogadoebasTan raime kavSiri manam, sanam ar

miiRebs `somxur sarwmunoebas~. unda vifiqroT, rom albaneTis mezobel

qvemo qarTlSi, sadac arabobas gansakuTrebiT hqonda fexi mokidebuli,

mravalma qarTvelma qalkedonitma iZulebiT miiRo ̀ somxuri sarwmunoeba~).

albaneTis kaTalikosi somxeTSi unda ekurTxosalbaneTis kaTalikosi somxeTSi unda ekurTxosalbaneTis kaTalikosi somxeTSi unda ekurTxosalbaneTis kaTalikosi somxeTSi unda ekurTxosalbaneTis kaTalikosi somxeTSi unda ekurTxosamis Semdeg albanel monofizitTa krebis monawileni _ samRvdeloeba,

mTavrebi da aznaurebi deben SeTanxmebas somxeTis kaTalikosTan albaneTis

kaTalikosis kurTxevis wesis Sesaxeb. am SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, albaneTis

kaTalikosis kurTxeva xdeba somexTa kaTalikosis mier. albanTa kaTaliko-

sis kurTxeva unda moxdes somxeTSi ̀ wmida grigoris taxtze~. Tu romelime

albaneTis kaTalikosi gabedavs da ar ekurTxeba somxeTSi _ is kaTaliko-

sad ar CaiTvleba. krebis monawileTa azriT, albaneTis kaTalikosi somxeT-

Si unda ekurTxos, imitom rom albaneTi somxeTis meSveobiT ganaTlda da

wmida grigoris droidan misi kurTxeva somxeTSi xdeboda, bolo dros ki

aseTi wesi darRveula. kreba aRadgens `Zvel wess~.

`Cven Tavidan davaweseT agreTve alvaneTis kaTalikosis xeldasxma, rad-

gan bolo xanebSi Cvenma kaTalikosebma daarRvies episkoposTa dadgenis

wesi. gamoucdelobiT da ucodinarobiT Cvens qveyanaSi ganxeTqilebam iCina

Tavi. amitom SevTanxmdiT RvTisa da Tqveni mamamTavrobis winaSe, rom al-

baneTis mRvdelmTavris kurTxeva wmida grigoris taxtze moxdes, Cveni

qveynis TanxmobiT, rogorc es xdeboda wmida grigoris dros. radganac Cven

Tqvenidan gavnaTldiT, WeSmaritad gvwams, rom visac Tqven airCevT, is sa-

surveli iqneba RvTisTvisac da CvenTvisac, nuravin gabedavs am SeTanxmebis

darRvevas da sxvanair moqmedebas, xolo Tu vinme daarRvevs _ misi xel-

dasxma gauqmebulad CaiTvleba... rwmena iyos mtkice da Seuryeveli Cven

orive xalxs Soris~... (gv. 143).

SeTanxmeba daido somxuri welTaRricxviT 148, anu 699 wels. krebas

somexTa kaTalikosi elia Tavmjdomareobda.

aqedan Cans, VII saukunis bolos rogor SeZlo somxurma eklesiam mTli-

anad gabatonebuliyo albanur eklesiaze. amis Semdeg albanur eklesiaSi

arabTa ZaldatanebiT aikrZala qalkedonitoba da albanelebma `somxuri

sarwmunoeba~ miiRes, rasac Sedegad mohyva albanur eklesiaSi ukve daner-


gili somxurenovani wirva-locvis sruli gabatoneba. albanuri eklesia

mTlianad gaiTqvifa somxur eklesiaSi. erovnuli eklesiis gareSe darCeni-

li albanelTa didi nawili mahmadiandeba da asimilirdeba sxva xalxebSi,

morwmune qristiani albanelebi ki monofizitebi arian da somxuri eklesi-

is nawili xdebian.

arabebma, ise rogorc adre sparselebma, ̀ somxuri sarwmunoeba~ savalde-

bulod aqcies kavkasieli xalxebisaTvis. Tu VII saukunis dasawyisSi alba-

nurma eklesiam gabeda da somxur eklesias gamoeyo, msgavsad kirionisa, VII

saukunis bolos arabebi albanelebs sabolood uqvemdebareben somxur ek-

lesias. arseni safareli da mose kalankatueli erTxmad weren albaneTis

somexTagan gamoyofis Sesaxeb VI-VII saukuneTa mijnaze. isini am dros

uTiTebdnen pirvel mociqul eliSaze, romelmac albanuri eklesia daafuZ-

na _ ̀ ...mxedarmTavrebi aqezebdnen somxebs, moeTxovaT sasuliero pirveloba

alvanelebze, rasac alvanelebi ar emorCilebodnen. isini uTiTebdnen erT

pirvandel mociqulze, romelic alvaneTSi mivida, mas eliSa erqva. iq

uqadagia da aRuSenebia eklesia somxebze ufro adre. es aris aRmosavleT-

Si pirveli deda eklesiao. am gisis eklesias erwmunen alvanelebi da

somxebisgan gaiTiSnen, raTa ar yofiliyvnen sxvisi xelisuflebis qveS~.

axla ki VII saukunis bolos albanelebma aRar wamoayenes idea ierusalim-

idan, uflis Zma iakobisagan qristianobis albaneTSi Semotanis Sesaxeb,

axla isini ukve acxadeben, rom maT somxeTisagan miiRes qristianoba. pirda-

pir weren kidec _ `... Cven Tqvengan gavnaTldiT...~ (gv. 143). amitomac

albanuri eklesia unda daeqvemdebaros somxurs.

Tavi IX. somexTa kaTalikosi SeTanxmebis werilsTavi IX. somexTa kaTalikosi SeTanxmebis werilsTavi IX. somexTa kaTalikosi SeTanxmebis werilsTavi IX. somexTa kaTalikosi SeTanxmebis werilsTavi IX. somexTa kaTalikosi SeTanxmebis werils

aZlevs alvanelebsaZlevs alvanelebsaZlevs alvanelebsaZlevs alvanelebsaZlevs alvanelebs`uTanxmoebani, romlebic alvaneTSi moxda rwmenis gamo urjulo nersesi-

sagan, mravalTa sulebSi qalkedonitur rwmenas aRvivebs da Tavisi cbieri

borotebiT saSiSroebas uqmnis episkoposebs, mRvdlebsa da berebs. rodesac

gavige me, somexTa kaTalikosma eliam, Cems episkoposebTan erTad mivedi

alvaneTSi, didebul qalaq partavSi. CemTan Seikribnen sasulieroni da

saeroni... episkoposebma da eklesiis mTelma dasma xelweriliTa da beWd-

iT... daadgines: Tavisi nebiT mtkiced daicvan rwmena da ar Seerion qalke-

donituri rwmenisa da bakuris moZRvrebis mimdevrebs... Tu vinme kaTaliko-

si an episkoposi gadauxvevs am SeTanxmebas, maSin mas aRar unda hqondes

ufleba mrevlze... me elia, somexTa kaTalikosma Cems episkoposebTan erTad

miviRe Semomtkicebis wigni alvanelTa krebisagan da momeciT Tqven es

SeTanxmebis werili...~ (gv. 144).


Tavi X. arabTa amiras divanSi aTavseben siasTavi X. arabTa amiras divanSi aTavseben siasTavi X. arabTa amiras divanSi aTavseben siasTavi X. arabTa amiras divanSi aTavseben siasTavi X. arabTa amiras divanSi aTavseben siasalbaneli mTavrebisa, imisaTvis: Tu romelime maTganialbaneli mTavrebisa, imisaTvis: Tu romelime maTganialbaneli mTavrebisa, imisaTvis: Tu romelime maTganialbaneli mTavrebisa, imisaTvis: Tu romelime maTganialbaneli mTavrebisa, imisaTvis: Tu romelime maTgani

qalkedonitobas miiRebs, sikvdiliT dasajonqalkedonitobas miiRebs, sikvdiliT dasajonqalkedonitobas miiRebs, sikvdiliT dasajonqalkedonitobas miiRebs, sikvdiliT dasajonqalkedonitobas miiRebs, sikvdiliT dasajonarabi amiras samdivnoSi moaTavses sia albaneli naxararebisa, maT Soris

erTi mTavrisa, erTi spaspetisa, patrikebisa, iSxnebis mflobelebisa _ isini

monofizitebi iyvnen, erTi ki iakobitia. _ `yvela eseni Cawerili iyvnen

abdal meliq amir mumnis divanSi, imisaTvis, rom Tu vinme maTgani aRiarebda

orbunebianobas, sikvdiliT daesajaT~ (gv. 144).

(aqedan Cans, Tu ra sastikad devnidnen arabebi qalkedonitebs da aZlierebdnen

`somxur sarwmunoebas~. TviT qveynis mfobeli mTavrebic ki sikvdiliT isje-

bodnen qalkedonitobisaTvis. dabali fenebi kidev ufro sastikad daisjebod-

nen, Tu isini gabedavdnen da `somxur sarwmunoebas~ ar aRiarebdnen. sastikad

idevneboda qalkedoniti samRvdeloebac. qarTlSic aseTive viTareba iyo. qarTlis

mflobeli xosroiani mefeebi TavianTi qalkedonuri sarwmunoebisaTvis sas-

tikad daisajnen VIII saukunis dasawyisSi. idevneboda qarTuli qalkedoni-

turi eklesiac. mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelo da mesxeTi _ bizantiis mfarvel-

obis wyalobiT gadarCa `somxuri sarwmunoebis~ iZulebas).

Tavi XXI. arabul administraciul erTeul _ Tavi XXI. arabul administraciul erTeul _ Tavi XXI. arabul administraciul erTeul _ Tavi XXI. arabul administraciul erTeul _ Tavi XXI. arabul administraciul erTeul _ `̀̀̀̀armeniaSiarmeniaSiarmeniaSiarmeniaSiarmeniaSi~~~~~Sedis qarTvelTa da albanelTa qveynebi,Sedis qarTvelTa da albanelTa qveynebi,Sedis qarTvelTa da albanelTa qveynebi,Sedis qarTvelTa da albanelTa qveynebi,Sedis qarTvelTa da albanelTa qveynebi,

misi amira erovnebiT somexiamisi amira erovnebiT somexiamisi amira erovnebiT somexiamisi amira erovnebiT somexiamisi amira erovnebiT somexiasomex mTavars sahl smbatians 837 wels `...samefodan didi jildo ergo.

mas uwyalobes somxeTis, iberiisa da alvaneTis mTliani gamgebloba mTavris

uflebiT~. (gv. 161)

838 wels _ `... ufalTufalma iunesma, romelic somexTa, iberTa da alv-

anelTa xelisufali iyo, samefosagan kidev iTxova sami qveyana...~ (gv. 161)

(iberia anu qarTli, an misi erTi nawili) Sedis arabTa mier Seqmnil admin-

itraciul erTeulSi _ `armeniaSi~, romelSic qarTlis garda, somxeTi da

albaneTi Sedioda. am administraciuli erTeulis amirebi (anu vostikani) IX

saukunis Sua wlebSi somxebi arian. maTTvis mefuri ufleba miuniWebiaT. isini,

cxadia, xels Seuwyobdnen qarTlSi ̀ somxuri sarwmunoebis~ gavrcelebas).

Tavi XXII. alvaneTis kaTalikosi samueli somexTaTavi XXII. alvaneTis kaTalikosi samueli somexTaTavi XXII. alvaneTis kaTalikosi samueli somexTaTavi XXII. alvaneTis kaTalikosi samueli somexTaTavi XXII. alvaneTis kaTalikosi samueli somexTagareSe ekurTxa, ris gamoc SeaCvenesgareSe ekurTxa, ris gamoc SeaCvenesgareSe ekurTxa, ris gamoc SeaCvenesgareSe ekurTxa, ris gamoc SeaCvenesgareSe ekurTxa, ris gamoc SeaCvenes

albanelTa kaTolikosma samuelma xeldasxma miiRo ara somxeTSi, aramed

Tavisi albaneli episkoposebis xeliT. am ambavma `...metad aaRelva alvane-

Tis iSxanebi. maT erTxmad acnobes es somexTa kaTalikoss, ufal gevorgs,


xolo man kanonieri ganCinebiT miswera somexTa iSxanebs da sTxova dax-

mareba ... amasobaSi kaTalikosi samueli brZnulad mourigda alvaneTis

Tavkacebsa da iSxanebs da maT Soris mSvidoba damyarda. amis gamo somxeb-

ma SeaCvenes alvanelebi. somexTa iSxani aSoti moiTxovda wmida grigoris

mier ganwesebas da somexTagan xeldasxmas... somexTa didma mTavarma mis-

wera gevorg mRvdelmTavars amis Sesaxeb, amasTanave daarwmuna samueli

daTanxmeboda mTeli alvaneTis survils da Tundac Tavisi nebis gareSe

wasuliyo dvins da... xelmeored mieRo xeldasxma somexTa kaTalikos gev-

orgisagan~. es moxda 877 wels.

daaxloebiT 893 wels arabi mxedarTmTavari `...Tavs daesxa qarTvelTa

qveyanas. mis winaaRmdeg gamovida ori mamaci qarTveli mxedarTmTavari

giorgi da misi Zma aravesi. orive wamebiT daxoca~ (gv. 164).

Tavi XXIV. albanelTa mamamTavrebiTavi XXIV. albanelTa mamamTavrebiTavi XXIV. albanelTa mamamTavrebiTavi XXIV. albanelTa mamamTavrebiTavi XXIV. albanelTa mamamTavrebialbaneTis ̀ ...uwindel patriarqTa saqmeni, dro da saxelebi dakargulan...~

(gv. 168). albanTa ganaTlebis wyaro yofila wmida eliSa, wmida Tadeozis

mowafe (miaqcieT yuradReba am Txzulebis VI saukunis dasasrulisa da VII

saukunis damdegis avtoris ideiT, albanTa ganmanaTlebeli wmida eliSa

uflis Zmis, iakobis mowafea, dakavSirebulia ierusalimTan da araviTari

kavSiri ara aqvs somxeTTan, ufro metic, is somxebze ufro adre aarsebs

samociqulo taxts albaneTSi. es idea icvleba VII saukunis dasasruls. am

dros albaneTSi Casuli somexTa kaTalikosi elia mTlianad ucvlis am

ideas saxes da gadmogvcems, rom mociquli eliSa mowafe iyo Tadeoz

mociqulisa. es idea meordeba X saukunemde. Tadeozi somxuri eklesiis

damaarseblad iyo aRiarebuli. Tu eliSa Tadeozis mowafe iyo, maSin alban-

Ta ganmanaTlebeli mowafe yofila somexTa ganmanaTleblisa. amitomac al-

banuri eklesia somxurs unda daemorCilos).

`Semdeg iyo yrma grigorisi, somexTa ganmanaTleblis grigoris SviliS-

vili~... (e.i. albanTa kaTalikosi iyo); `...Seqmna netarma mesropma alvanuri

damwerloba. manve didi Sromis Sedegad anbani misca somxebsa da qarTvelebs.

Semdeg iyo ufali abasi, romelmac somxuri welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi sapa-

triarqo taxti Coridan partavSi gadaitana... misi droidan Cveulebad iqca

daeweraT aseTi pativi: àlvanTa, lfinTa da Coris kaTalikosi~. dvinis kreb-

dan mas miuTiTes, raTa eRiarebina mxolod erTbunebianoba qristesi...~ (gv. 168).

ùfali viro... man xazari SaTis tyveobidan gaaTavisufla somxebi, qarTvelebi

da alvanelebi... ufali zaqaria... (man) siunqis episkoposad akurTxa vinme

vrTanesi, rac moxda somexTa nebis gareSe~ (gv. 168). ùfali nersesi... mas

goneba aeria, moindoma alvanelTa keTilSobili saxli CamoeSorebina da

qalkedonituri rwmenisaTvis daemorCilebina~.


`ufalma miqaelma daswyevla agreTve qarTvelTa mwyemsi Talale, radga-

nac man neba darTo ukanono qorwinebas~.

`ufali samueli... man TviTon, xeldasxmis gareSe miiRo samamamTavro

pativi, ris gamoc ganTavisuflebul iqna. xelmeored xeldasxma miiRo somexTa

kaTalikos georgisagan dvinSi. ufali iunani... kaTalikos georgis daukiTx-

avad mivida alvaneTSi da xeldasxmac mis gareSe miiRo, Semdeg TviTon

georgma xelmeored akurTxa is~ (gv. 170).


Ta v i VI I

qarTuli eklesia VIII-X saukuneebSi

` C v e n m a s a m R vd elo e b a m k a r gad icod a ,ro m m a m uli d a ero v n e b a rjulTa n erT adS e erT e buli , rjulTa n S e xorc-T v i s e buli ,

u Zl e v el i x m al i a d a S eulewel i f ar im tr i s a wi n aS e~.



`qarTlis~ istoriuli geografia VIII saukunisaTvis

qarTlis wyaroTa Tanaxmad, V saukunesa da wina saukuneebSi sityva ̀ qarT-

lis~ qveS igulisxmeboda mTeli saqarTvelo.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ukiduresi aRmosavleTi provinciebic _ kaxeTi

da hereTi _ qarTlis nawili iyo. V saukunis avtors ase aqvs gadmocemuli:

`viTarca moiwia igi sazRvarTa qarTlisaTa qveyanasa mas hereTisasa... wina

miegebnen mas aznaurni~.1

hereTi qarTlis erT-erTi Semadgeneli qveyanaa, xolo qarTlis sazRvre-

bi mtkiced aris gansazRvruli. iakob xucesma kargad icis, Tu sad gadis

qarTlis saxelmwifos sazRvari da iseve, rogorc leonti mroveli, jua-

nSeri da sxva Zveli qarTveli mematianeebi, xmarobs termins `sazRvari

qarTlisaA~. hereTi, misi sityviT, qarTlis sazRvrebs SigniT moqceuli

qveyanaa. hereTSi wamebuli wmida SuSanikis ambavi mTel qarTls moefina,

`ganiTqva yovelsa qarTlsa saqme misi~, wmidanis sanaxavad àznaurni da

uaznoni soflisa qarTlisani movides~.2

qarTli sxvagan ki ar aris, aramed TviTve hereTia qarTli, aseve dasav-

leT saqarTvelo, kerZod, egrisis zRvis sanapiro klisuramde qarTlis

erT-erTi qveyana iyo. swored amitom am teritoriebis berZnebis mier dapy-

robis dros, mTel iveriaSi _ qarTlSi urva da wuxili daiwyo.

qarTlsa da saberZneTs Soris Tavidanve iyo sazRvari dadebuli, qarT-

lis samefos SeqmnisTanave, farnavazis dros. farnaozma `qujis misca qvey-

ana... egrisis wylamde...~, xolo gorgasals _ `...ukusca keisarman sazRvari

qarTlisa cixe Tuxarisi da klarjeTi... gamoikiTxa keisarman sazRvari

saberZneTisa da qveyana zRvispirisa, romel ars afxazeTi da hrqua: egri-

sis wyliTgan vidre mdinaremde mcirisa xazareTisa ese sazRvari ars

saberZneTisa aleqsandrobiTgan~.3

keisarma vaxtang gorgaslis saxelmwifos daubruna is teritoriebi, ro-

melnic istoriulad Sediodnen qarTlSi.

egriswyals iqiT mdebare qveyana qarTls ekuTvnoda. marTlac, arsebobs

ègriswyalsaqeTis~ Sesabamisi ZvelqarTuli termini _ ̀ egriswyalqvemo qvey-

ana~, vaxtang gorgaslis Zem daCim ùkumoixvna egriswyalsquemoTi queyana~.4

vaxtang gorgasalis meoxebiT qarTlis sazRvari gadaweuli iqna Crdilo-

eTiT da qarTlsa da saberZneTs Soris saxelmwifo sazRvari mdinare egrisw-

ylis nacvlad daido md. klisuraze _ `klisura romeli masa Jamsa iyo

sazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTveloAsa~, ̀ zRude igi sazRvari klisurisa~.5

ase rom, qarTli vaxtang gorgaslis dros, iseve rogorc manamde da mis

Semdeg, vidre VIII saukunis Sua wlebamde, erTiani qveyanaa, romelsac aqvs

mtkiced gansazRvruli sazRvrebi mezobel saxelmwifoebTan. dasavleTiT

qarTlis cnebaSi Sedis egrisi, aRmosavleTSi ki _ hereTi, xolo samxreTiT

cixe-Tuxarisi da klarjeTi. aseTia mtkicebani qarTuli wyaroebisa.


`vaxtang gorgaslis mefobis periodi _ uaRresad mniSvnelovani movle-

nebiT aRivso: gaerTianda aRmosavleTi ìveria~ da dasavleTi ègrisi~.

qarTl-kaxeTis garda; am erTian samefos farglebSi Semovida alvaneTis

momijnave mxareebic (hereTi, kambeCani)~6.

vaxtang gorgaslis Semdeg maleve, miuxedavad imisa, rom misi qveyana

sparselebma da bizantielebma daipyres, qarTli mainc erTiania, mas erTi

kanonieri mmarTveli hyavs (nominaluri) samefo gvaridan.

qarTlis cxovrebis mixedviT, vaxtangis Ze daCic mTel qarTls marTavs.

man qarTls daubruna ègriswyalsqvemoTi qveyana~.

XXXVI mefe farsmanmac `daipyro yoveli giorgia~ _ anu mTeli qarTli

_ saqarTvelo. mis drosve qveynis SigniT sxvadasxva politikuri dajgufe-

bis warmoqmna, urTierTgamijvna mimdinareobda (528-542 wlebSi).

mefe farsmani sparselebis momxrea, xolo Zeni mirdatisani _ berZnebisa.

XXXVII mefis farsman VI-is dros (542-557) àrRara moiyvandian kaTali-

kossa saberZneTidan~. mis dros Semosula 12 sirieli mama.

XXXVIII mefis bakuris Semdeg qarTli, anu saqarTvelo daiSala

saerisTavoebad.

guaram kurapalatma (575-600), romelsac `mosca mefoba saqarTvelosi kei-

sarman~...7 _ èrisTavni ver scvalna, vinaidgan gujriT aqvndaT mflobeloba

keisrisa da sparsTa mefisagan, garna morCilebasa Sina guaramisa iyvnen~.8

aqedan Cans, rom qveyana, faqtobrivad, gayofilia sparseTsa da saberZneTs

Soris. es qveynebi TviTon amtkiceben erisTavebs saqarTveloSi, magram

saqarTvelo, anu qarTli mainc erTiani qveyanaa da erisTavebi erT qarTvel

mefes _ qarTlis mefes emorCilebian.

ra iyo amis mizezi, ram SeunarCuna aseT pirobebSi qarTls erTianoba?

`faqtia isic, rom miuxedavad

politikuri damoukideblobis da-

kargvisa, qarTli VI saukunis gan-

mavlobaSi... ekonomikur aRmavlo-

bas ganicdis...~9 am dros gacxove-

lebula-gaRrmavebula saqarTve-

los sxvadasxva provinciebs So-

ris ekonomikuri kavSiri, gafarT-

ovebula Sinagani bazari. `yvel-

aferi es, ra Tqma unda, xels uwy-

obda da apirobebda am calkeuli

provinciebis Serwyma-gaerTianeb-

is process. amdroindeli qarTlis ekonomikuri da kulturuli aRmavlo-

bis maCvenebelia mniSvnelovani arqiteqturuli nagebobani, romlebic am

periodSi iqmneba da romelTa dagvirgvinebasac warmoadgens qarTuli xe-

lovnebis brwyinvale Zegli _ mcxeTis jvari~.10


ase rom, vaxtang gorgaslis Semdeg qarTli ki ar daSlila, piriqiT,

mimdinareobda `calkeuli provinciebis Serwyma-gaerTianebis procesi~ da

`ekonomikuri kulturuli aRmavloba~. swored amiT iyo gamowveuli is, rom

sxva saxelmwifoebis mier `mflobeloba~ miniWebuli erisTavebi erT qarT-

lis mefes, anda mTavars emorCilebian.

adarnase mTavarsac, mcxeTis jvris erT-erT aRmSenebels, yvela erisTavi

emorCileba. magram erisTavebis Secvla mas ar SeuZlia. adarnases Ze

stefanoz mTavari da misi Zeni _ arCili da miri gadadian dasavleT

saqarTveloSi, egrisSi da iqidan marTaven saxelmwifos: egrisi rom qarT-

lis samefoSi Semavali qveyana ar yofiliyo, qarTlis mefe-mTavrebi iq ver

dadgebodnen.

arCil mefis erT-erTi Ze, iovane, egrisis mmarTveli mTavari iyo. mas

mematiane `iovane erisTavs~ uwodebs.

egrisi qarTlis erT-erTi qveyana iyo imiTac, rom qarTlis kaTalikosi

kirioni xeldasxmulia `...gugarqis, qarTlis da egrisis kaTalikosad~.11

amasve miuTiTebs atenis sionSi axladaRmoCenili warwerebi, sadac qarT-

lis erisTavi amave dros egrisis erisTavicaa.

wmida mefe arCilis mematianes erT-erT wyarod gamouyenebia anonimis

Txzuleba, romelic asaxavs swored im epoqas, romelsac igi gulisxmobs, e.i.

arCilis moRvaweobis xanas. arCili ki, Cveni azriT, VIII saukunis pirveli

naxevris moRvawea.12

am anonimis koncefciiT `...dasavleTi saqarTvelo, anu egrisi, afxazeTis

gamoklebiT, qarTls warmoadgens, anu ukeT, dasavleT saqarTvelos Semad-

geneli mxareebi arian igive `qveyanani qarTlisani~. rogorc viciT, aseTi

koncefcia saerTod axasiaTebs `qarTlis cxovrebas~ da mas garkveuli

safuZvelic unda hqondes. anonimis mixedviT, `qarTlis mefeebs~ mirs da

arCils, romlebic murvan yrus Semosevisas dasavleT saqarTvelos afareben

Tavs, am ukanasknelze suverenuli uflebebi aqvT~.13

`sikvdilis win miri eubneba arCils: `mamaca Cveni mokvda SfoTsa amas

Sina da ver warveciT igi mcxeTas. warscen Zvalni misi da daflen saydarsa

quTaissa, raTa ipovos igi sawameblad samkvidrosa Cvenisa~. e.i. quTaisis

saydari, sadac stefanoz qarTlis erisTavis saflavia, iqneba simbolo qarT-

lis mmarTvelTa axali rezidenciisa. es tendencia saxelmwifos kulturul-

politikuri centris dasavleTSi, kerZod ki quTaisSi gadatanisa, marTlac,

SesaZlebelia ukve maSin arsebuliyo, ramdenadac VIII saukunis 40-iani wlebidan,

rogorc viciT, Tbilisi arabi amiras adgil-samyofeli xdeba~.14

rogorc aRniSnuli gvqonda, sazRvari qarTlsa da `saberZneTs~ Soris

gadioda mdinare klisuraze. arabobis dros mefe arCili gadasuli iyo

`saberZneTSi~, mdinare klisuras iqiT. qveynis dawynarebis Semdeg mefe

arCilma adgilobriv erisTavs _ afxazeTis mmarTvels, romelic `keisris-


gan~ iyo dadginebuli (èrisTavi keisrisa leon~), uTxra _ `...aw uwyies

Seneba adgilTa CvenTa klisuriTgan aRmarT. warval da daveSenebi cixe

gojs da quTaiss~.15

klisuriTgan àRmarTi~ qveyana qarTlis mefeTa sakuTari àdgilia~ _

qarTlia.

arCili arabebTan omis win agonebs mirs, rom qarTlidan wamoRebul

saganZurTa Soris òrni igi gvirgvinni oqroisa da anTrakisani: erTi

mirian mefisa da erTi vaxtangisi. Sen da mamaman Cvenman dasdeviT igi

quTaTis da cixe gojis~.16

samefo niSnebis, Zveli qarTlis mefeTa samefo gvirgvinebis quTaissa da

cixe gojSi `dadebiT~, es qalaqebi qarTlis politikur centrebad unda

qceuliyvnen.

ase rom, VIII saukunis 50-ian wlebamde sityva `qarTlis~ qveS igulisxme-

boda mTeli saqarTvelo, rogorc misi aRmosavleTi, aseve dasavleTi naw-

ili. amitomac, qarTlis sakaTalikoso Tavis iurisdiqcias axorcielebda

ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTveloze, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelozec,

sakaTalikosos daarsebis droidan _ V saukunidan, xolo qarTuli eklesia

Tavis uflebamosilebas axorcielebda dasavleT saqarTveloze qarTuli

eklesiis warmoqmnis droidanve.

VIII saukunis meore naxevarSi (80-90-ian wlebSi) arCilis Zis, iovane

egrisis erisTavis gardacvalebis Semdeg, iSleba qarTuli samefo. erTiani

qarTlis samefo gaiyo sam nawilad: warmoiqmna àfxazeTi~, `qarTli~ da

`kaxeTi~. am dromde, e.i. VIII saukunis 80-90-ian wlebamde _ farnavaz pirve-

li mefidan arCil mefis Svilebamde, yovelTvis sityva-termini `qarTli~

aRniSnavda mTel saqarTvelos, xolo amis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos

ukve aRar ewodeboda qarTli, aramed ewodeboda afxazeTi.

qarTlis samefo TiTqmis uwyvetad arsebobda farnavaz mefis Semdeg VIII

saukunemde, TiTqmis 1000 wlis ganmavlobaSi, xolo VIII saukuneSi qarTlis

saxelmwifos daSlis Sedegad, rogorc aRvniSneT, warmoiSva afxazeTis, tao-

klarjeTis (qarTlis), kaxeTisa da hereTis samefoebi.

`xolo amieridgan iwyo Semcirebad mefobaman didTa mefeTa xuasroanTa-

man. pirvelad ufleba sarkinozTa gandidna da mieridgan mieca yoveli ese

qveyana JamiTi Jamad rbevasa da oxrobasa~.

`ganiryvna qveyana, rameTu romeli gamoCndis Rirsi mefed xosrovani

agarianTagan Semcirdian, vinaATgan gandidna Zali sarkinozTa da daipyres

qarTli da tfilisi da ganmravldnen mTavarni~.17

arabebis Semosevis gamo `klisuris iqiTa qveyana~ _ afxazeTi berZenTa

batonobisagan gaTavisuflda, ̀ rameTu mouZlurebul iyvnen berZennica agaria-

nTagan, vinaiTgan miuRies zRvis gareTi~.18


e.i. saberZneTis `zRvisgareTi~ qveyana _ mcire azia, arabebs daupyriaT.

amis gamo, saberZneTi mouZlurebula. amiT usargeblia afxazeTis erisTavs,

leon II-s da Tavisi qveyana gauTavisuflebia.

es qveyana ìstoriulad~ `berZnebs~ ekuTvnoda da mdebareobda qarTlis

mdinare klisuras gadaRma. am qveyanaSi _ afxazeTSi, erisTavebs niSnavda

keisari. am afxazeTs Seafares Tavi murvan yrusagan devnilma mefe mirma

da arCilma. aqve maT daamarcxes mteri _ `sarkinozni ukun iqcnen meotni~.

afxazeTSi bizantiis mtrebze qarTvel mefeTa gamarjvebiT kmayofil kei-

sars `leonisaTvis mieca mkvidrad erisTaoba afxazTa msaxurebisaTvis

mefeTasa, rameTu ese leon I erisTavi iyo mun keisrisagan~.19 aqve garda-

icvala mefe miri, xolo misi qaliSvili miaTxoves leon afxazTa erisTavs.

leoni afxazeTis erisTavia, xolo arCilis Svili iovane _ egrisis erisTavi,

iovane erisTavis sikvdilis Semdeg, afxazeTis erisTavi leon II xdeba egrisis,

anu mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelos mmarTveli _ `...leon daipyra sruliad

egrisi da iwoda mefe afxazTa. `mematiane qarTlis samefos kuTvnil terito-

riaze àfxazTa samefos~ warmoSobis mizezad iovane erisTavis sikvdilis

garda, asaxelebs mefe arCilis Zis, qarTlis mTavris, juanSeris siberesac _

`juanSerica daberebul iyo~. namdvili mizezi, cxadia, arabebis mier qarTlis

samefo saxlisa da samefos centraluri nawilis ganadgureba iyo~.

qarTlis samefos VIII saukuneSive gamoeyo kaxeTis damoukidebeli samTavro

_ `kaxeTis samTavro qarTls agreTve VII saukunis meore naxevarSi unda

gamoyofoda, yovel SemTxvevaSi 764 wlis Semdeg~.20

qarTveli mematianis Tanaxmad, àfxazTa samefos~ warmoqmnisTanave war-

moiqmna kaxeTis samTavro _ `...juanSerica daberebuliyo da mokuda igica...

kualad gandga grigoli mTavari. aman daipyra kaxeTi~.21

es iyo qarTuli samefos saboloo daSla; Tumca, es samefo mainc ganagr-

Zobda arsebobas Sida qarTlsa da tao-klarjeTSi.

erTiani qarTlis, erTi politikuri erTeulis, adgilze warmoiqmna sami

politikuri erTeuli _ àfxazeTi~, `qarTli~, `kaxeTi~. afxazeTis samefos

warmoSobis, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTlis saxelmwifosagan Camoc-

ilebis Semdeg, Cans, moxda eklesiis administraciuli gayofac _ qarTlis

sakaTalikosos SigniT Camoyalibda dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia da

warmoiqmna afxazeTis sakaTalikoso.

rogorc aRniSnuli gvqonda, VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebamde dasavleT

saqarTvelos qristianebi eqvemdebarebodnen qarTlis kaTalikoss, iseve

rogorc kaxeTisa. àmis SesaniSnavi mowmobaa jvris tipis qristianuli

taZrebis mSenebloba qarTlsa, kaxeTsa da egrisSi; kirionis xeldasxma

gugarqis, qarTlisa da egrisis kaTalikosad~.22

`,...am TvalsazrisiT, uaRresad mniSvnelovnad gveCveneba vaxuSti batoniSvi-

lis erTi Cveneba: àrs xons eklesia didi gumbaTiani, mSvenieri nagebi, zis


episkoposi, mwyemsi vakisa. es iyo erTobasa Sina qarTlisa mTavarepisko-

pozisa Semdgomad ganyofilsa dasves aqa episkopozi~.

vaxuStis es cnoba erTxel kidev amtkicebs im azrs, rom saqarTveloSi

qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi, qarTuli eklesiis erTobis dros, dasav-

leT saqarTvelos mrevli emorCileboda qarTlis mTavarepiskoposs, qarT-

lis kaTalikosobis warmoqmnis Semdegac, es mrevli mcxeTis (samTavros)

episkoposis mrevlia. rogorc aRvniSneT, es iyo qarTuli eklesiis erTobis

dros (V-VII saukuneebSi, VIII saukunis Sua wlamde), vaxuSti wers, _ ̀ ...es iyo

erTobasa Sina qarTlisa mTavarepiskopozisa~, xolo erTiani qarTuli ek-

lesiis gayofis Semdeg, anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoqmnis Semdeg,

xonSi, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos centrSi _ vake samoqalaqoSi dausvamT

episkoposi _ `... Semdgomad ganyofisa dasves aqa episkopozi~.

`vaxuStis am cnobidan, romelic, eWvi ar aris, mas romeliRac Zveli

wyarodan unda hqondes, gamodis, rom erTiani saqarTvelos samefos arsebo-

bis pirobebSi vake imereTi, anu samoqalaqo, qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis

iurisdiqcias emorCileba...~23

vaxuSti ̀ erTobasa Sina~-Si gulisxmobs ara qarTuli saxelmwifos erTo-

bas, aramed qarTuli eklesiis Zvel erTobas VIII saukunemde, magram qarTu-

li eklesia XI saukunis Semdeg kvlav gaerTianda, amitom mkiTxveli rom ar

daibnes, Tu eklesiis romel erTobazea saubari, vaxuSti brZanebs: ̀ ... erTo-

basa Sina qarTlis mTavarepiskopozisa...~ vaxuStis dros mkiTxvelma kar-

gad icis, rom mTavarepiskoposoba, anu mTavarepiskopoz-kaTalikosoba arse-

bobda V-VIII saukuneebSi, xolo kaTalikos-patriarqoba XI saukunis Semdgom.

vaxuSti mTavarepiskopozisdroindeli erTobis qveS gulisxmobs V-VIII sauku-

neebs. `marTlac, SeuZlebelia XI saukunis erTiani saqarTvelos monarqiis

Camoyalibebis Semdeg, roca qristianoba ayvavebuli iyo da saepiskoposo

uamravi, dasavleT saqarTvelos erTi nawilis saepiskoposo damorCilebo-

da mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposs da ara saqarTvelos `mcxeTis~ patriarqs~.24

`erTiani saqarTvelos monarqiis arsebobis dros, aseTi movlenis warmoqm-

na gaugebaria. safiqrebelia, rom igi gacilebiT ufro Zveli drois nayofia

da maincdamainc im droisa, rodesac egrisi Zlieri qarTlis kulturul

eqspansias ganicdida. SesaZlebelia, es friad saintereso faqti dakavSirebu-

li iyos im movlenasTan, romelic fiqsirebulia somxur wyaroSi da romlis

mixedviT `winandel wesTa magaliTisamebr~ VII saukunis dasawyisSi qarTlis

kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia egrisis garkveul nawilze vrceldeba.25

`amgvarad gamodis, rom uZvelesi droidanve (V s-dan) egrisis aRmosav-

leT nawilSi oficialuri qristianuli kulti qarTul enaze sruldeboda...

mTel im teritoriaze, romelic moicavs swored vake imereTs _ argveTis

udides nawils, raWa-leCxumianad, arc erTi bizantiuri saepikoposo kaTe-

dra ar moixsenieba. es garemoeba ar unda iyos umizezo da amdenad, yve-


laferi zemoT Tqmuli gvaiZulebs vifiqroT, rom am teritoriaze ukve

maSin mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia moqmedebda qarTuli eniT, qarTuli

mwignobrobiT da, aqedan gamomdinare, yvela Rrma SedegebiT. am konteqstSi

saamiso myar argumentad moCans VII saukunis mcxeTis jvris tipis taZris

ageba WyondidSi~.26

Tu qarTlis kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda mTel saqarTveloze,

rogorc aRmosavleTze, ise dasavleTze, maSin unda aixsnas dasavleT

saqarTveloSi berZnuli saepiskoposoebis warmoqmnis mizezebi. Cans, berZnu-

li qristianuli centrebi saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiroze TandaTan

gaqristianebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saWiroebisaTvis ki ar warmo-

iqmna, aramed es centrebi Seiqmna erTdroulad `berZnul-romauli jarisk-

acebisa da garnizonisaTvis~, agreTve, zRvispira polisebis savaWro araqarTu-

li qalaqebisaTvis.

saqarTvelos zRvispireTis yvela berZnuli saepiskoposo biWvinTis gar-

da, Seiqmna VII saukunis Semdgom. am dros saqarTveloSi SemoWrilma imper-

atorma heraklem garkveuli mizezebis gamo, mcxeTis sakaTalikosos Camo-

aWra dasavleTis zRvispira teritoriebi, sadac konstantinopolma Tavisi

iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela.

saqarTvelos SavizRvispira berZnuli saepiskoposoebi, erovnuli saepisko-

posoebi rom ar iyvnen, es iqidanac Cans, rom dasavleT saqarTvelodan

bizantielebis garnizonebis gayvanisa da qveynis gaTavisuflebis Semdeg,

VIII-IX saukuneebSi, es saepiskoposoebi gauqmdnen, xolo teritoria afxaze-

Tis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi Sevida. sulieri TvalTaxedviT, Tavis

mxriv, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso iyo mcxeTis sakaTalikosoze damorCilebu-

li, qarTuli saeklesio eniT, qarTuli mwignobrobiT. is iyo erTiani qarTu-

li eklesiis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawili. misi meTauri mcxeTis kaTali-

koss eqvemdebareboda sulierad, xolo mirons afxazeTis sakaTalikoso

mcxeTis sakaTalikosodan iRebda. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, `qarTlis cx-

ovrebisa~ da ucxour wyaroTa mowmobiT, daarsebula bizantieli imperato-

ris, lev isavrosis dros, 720 wels, xolo iuridiuli gaformeba miuRia,

anu qarTvel mefeebs afxazeTis sakaTalikosos arseboba ucvniaT 830 wels.

giorgi merCulisaTvis Zalze kargad aris cnobili, rom istoriulad

qarTli ewodeboda, rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos uZve-

lesi droidan VIII saukunis Sua wlebamde. marTalia, mis dros dasavleT

saqarTvelos ewodeba ara qarTli, aramed afxazeTi, magram man icis, rom es

aris politikuri mdgomareobis Sedegi, xolo sulierad da kulturulad,

afxazeTi, e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelo, IX-X saukuneebSic qarTlia, afxazeTis

samefos udidesi Zlierebis drosac ki. es, rogorc grigol xanZTelis

cxovrebidan Cans, cnobilia ara marto qarTuli da saeklesio politikuri

wreebisaTvis, aramed ierusalimis sapatriarqosTvisac, romelic avalde-


bulebs afxazeTis sakaTalikosos, mironi miiRos qarTlis sakaTalikosodan.

es sakiTxi ganxilulia qvemoT.

qveynis zogadi mdgomareoba VIII-X saukuneebSi

juanSeri gadmogvcems, rom arabTa SemosevebiT Sewuxebulma mefe ste-

fanozma Tavisi samefo saganZuri Suaze gahyo. erTi naxevari gadaitana

Tavisi samefos dasavleT nawilSi _ egrisSi, egrisSive Tan waiyvana Tavisi

pirmSo _ taxtis memkvidre mihri. saganZuris meore naxevari misca umcros

vaJs arCils, romelmac es ganZi gadaitana qveynis aRmosavleT nawilSi da

iq dafla (Seinaxa). ganZis nawili gorSic Seinaxa, xolo saeklesio sagan-

Zuri mTliani saqarTvelosi (yovlisa qarTlisa) dafles mcxeTaSi. male

arCilic egrisSi gadavida.

736-38 wlebSi saqarTveloSi murvan yru SemoiWra. saqarTvelos mTavrebi

da erisTavebic ki kavkasiis mTebis tyeebSi da RreebSi imalebodnen.

`da yovelni mTavarni da pitiaxSni naTesavni erisTavTa da warCinebul-

Tani Seimeotnes kavkasiad da daimalnes tyeTa da RreTa da movlo yruman

yoveli kavkasia... Semusrna yovelni qalaqni da umravlesni cixeni sazRvar-

Ta qarTlisaTa~.27

rogorc aRiniSna, am dros sazRvari qarTlisa (anu saqarTvelosi) gadio-

da klisuraze da egrisi qarTlis mefeTa samefoSi Sedioda.

murvan yrum, roca gaigo, rom qarTlis mefeebi egrisidan afxazeTSi

gadavidnen, gahyva maT kvals da bizantiis sazRvrebSi (romelic im dros

klisuras marjvena sanapiroze mdebareobda) gadavida. `Sevlo yruman kli-

sura, romel mas Jamsa iyo sazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTveloAsa~.28

RvTis SewevniT, murvan yrus laSqari Seimusra qarTvel mefeTa xeliT.

wyaldidobisagan Zaladakargulma arabebma datoves saqarTvelo. arabTa

ukuqceviT gaxarebuli bizantiis imperatori swers Tavis moxeles, afxaze-

Tis mmarTvels, erisTav leons Semdegi saxis brZaneba-miTiTebas _ Cven

xSirad varRvevdiT da varRvevT qarTlis samefos sazRvrebs (romelic im

dros gadioda mdinare klisuraze). amJamad mahmadianTa Semosevebis gamo,

unda gavixsenoT, Tu rogor gvarges da Tanagvidgnen qarTlis axlandeli

mefeebi, unda gavixsenoT is Zveli saqmeni, rac maT mefeebs gaukeTebiaT

bizantiis imperiis sasargeblod, amitomac gibrZaneb, ar daarRvio qarTlisa

da bizantiis sazRvari, romelic gadis egrisSi _ `yovladve sazRvarTa

qarTlisasTa Cvengan qmnil ase vneba da mefeTa maTTagan Cvenda momarT

Tanadgoma da rgeba. aw ese mesame msaxureba da rgeba dadves CvenTana...

keTilad pativscemdi mefeTa da erTa magaT qarTlisaTa, da amieriTgan

nuRaramca xelgewifebis vnebad maTda da sazRvarTa maTTa egrisaTa~.29

imperatori Tavis erisTavs ubrZanebs: `keTilad pativscemdi... erTa magaT

qarTlisaTa~. Cans, `qarTlis erSi~ keisari gulisxmobs mdinare klisuras


aqeT mcxovreb mosaxleobas, radgan swored am mdinareze gadioda egrisSi

is sazRvari bizantiisa, romlis gadalaxvac man aukrZala afxazeTis erisTavs.

mcxeTa isea dangreuli arabebis Semosevis gamo da qarTli mooxrebuli,

rom egrisSi gadasuli ̀ mefe~ stefanozis gvami mcxeTaSi, sagvareulo safla-

vze ver dakrZales. igi quTaisSi dakrZales _ qveynis axal politikur

centrSi. is gamxdara samefo dinastiis axali samkvidro da imis dasamt-

kiceblad, anu `sawameblad~, rom is mcxeTis magieri `samkvidro~ iyo, mefe-

mTavari stefanozi am centrSi, quTaisSi dakrZales. `saydarsa quTaissa,

raTa ipovos igi sawameblad samkvidrosa Cvenisa~.30

quTaisi qarTlis samefos axal dedaqalaqad iqca. SeuZlebelia, am dros

quTaisis saydari, sadac mefe dakrZales, ar yofiliyo qarTuli eklesiis

iurisdiqciaSi.

arCil qarTlis mefes sauxucesod (anu samefo domenad _ saufliswu-

lod) mefe miris anderZiT, ergo dasavleT saqarTvelo.

amave anderZiT, axal mefe arCils `qveyanani qarTlisani~ orad unda

gaeyo. erT-erTi nawili unda mieca miris qaliSvilebisaTvis, meore Tvi-

Tonve unda daetovebina. arCils Sexvda dasavleT saqarTvelos kuTxeebi.

sikvdilis win miri eubneba arCils: `...ganuyavi maT qveyanani qarTlisani,

naxevari Sen da naxevari maT... gqondes sauxucesod: egrisi, svaneTi, Tavkveri,

argveTi da guria~, aqedan aSkaraa, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo qarTlis

samefos nawilia.

arabTagan dapyrobili Tbilisis nacvlad, qarTlis mefeebs quTaisi

dedaqalaqad miaCniaT. arCili eubneba sakuTriv afxazeTis erisTav leons:

`...aw uwyies Seneba adgilTa CvenTa klisuriTgan aRmarT. warval da dave-

Senebi cixe-gojs da quTaiss...~31

arCilis gancxadeba `aw uwyies Seneba adgilTa CvenTa klisurTagan aR-

marT~ niSnavda imas, rom arabTa mier darbeuli qarTlis samefoSi Senele-

bula dampyrobTa gamanadgurebeli moqmedeba, ris Sedegadac, samefoSi daw-

yebula aRmSeneblobiTi procesi. qarTlis samefo swored `klisuriTgan

aRmarT~ iwyeboda. mdinare klisuris marcxena napiridan iwyeboda qarTlis

qveyanani _ egrisi, guria, argveTi, svaneTi, Tavkveri.

arCil mefe Tavis samefoSi Semaval qveynad miiCnevs dasavleT saqarTve-

los da ucxadebs sakuTriv afxazeTis erisTavs _ `warval da daveSenebi

cixe-gojs da quTaiss~. sakuTriv afxazeTi ki, mdinare klisuras marjvena

sanapirodan iwyeboda.

arCilis gardacvalebis Semdeg, umalve, dasavleTi saqarTvelo, anu qarTlis

samefos is nawili, romelic mdinare klisuras marcxena sanapirodan iwyeboda,

Tavis samTavros SeuerTa sakuTriv afxazeTis erisTavma da dasavleT saqarTve-

los ewoda afxazeTi. imitom, rom am qveyanas marTavda dinastia, romlis

tituli iyo ̀ afxazTa erisTavi~, e.i. dasavleTi saqarTvelo politikurad iqca


àfxazeTad~, xolo manamde saqarTvelos am nawils politikurad ewodeboda

`qarTli~. misi mpyrobeli iyo qarTlis samefo saxli. dasavleT saqarTvelos

manamde marTavda _ `qarTlis mefe~, anu `qarTvelTa mefe~.

ra mizeziTac dasavleT saqarTvelos afxazTa erisTavis mier `dapyro-

bis~ Semdeg ewoda ̀ afxazeTi~, im mizeziT mas iq qarTlis mefeTa batonobis

dros ewodeboda ̀ qarTli~. Secdomaa amJamad sayovelTaod miRebuli azri,

TiTqosda am mxares qarTli ewoda IX-X saukuneebSi. sinamdvileSi, piriqiT

iyo. uZvelesi droidan swored VIII saukunis bolomde ewodeboda am qvey-

anas qarTli, IX-X saukuneebSi ki mas afxazeTi ewodeboda. amis miuxedavado,

wers giorgi merCule, Tumca, dasavleT saqarTvelos amJamad afxazeTi ewodeba,

is Tavisi arsiT qarTlia, qarTvelTa qveyanaa, radganac Zveleburadve aq

RvTismsaxureba qarTul enaze aResrulebao.

àfxazTa samefo~ Seiqmna qarTlis samefos teritoriis nawilze. amis

Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos politikurad aRarasodes ewodeboda ̀ qarT-

li~, politikurad is àfxazeTi~ iyo. erTiani qarTuli samefos Seqmnis

Semdeg ki _ dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ukve ewodeboda ara ̀ qarT-

li~, aramed `saqarTvelo~. wina saukuneebisagan gansxvavebiT, X-XI sauku-

neebSi ̀ qarTli~ geografiuli termini gaxda, Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom, marTa-

lia, VIII saukunis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos politikurad `qarTli~

ar ewodeboda, magram kulturulad mas zogjer Zveleburadve `qarTls~

uwodebdnen. swored am kulturul ̀ qarTlzea~ giorgi merCulis Txzuleba-

Si naTqvami _ `qarTlad friadi queyanaA aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina

qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis, da locvani aResrulebis~. aq `qarTlSi~

igulisxmeba `dasavleT saqarTvelo~, magram ara politikuri, aramed kul-

turuli mniSvnelobiT. politikurad, am Txzulebis daweris dros, dasavle-

Ti saqarTvelo afxazeTia. sakulto msaxurebam, eklesiam Tavisi tradicie-

bisadmi erTgulebis gamo, ar Secvala `qarTlis~ VIII saukunemdeli gageba

da X saukuneSic ki dasavleT saqarTvelos `qarTls~ uwodebda.

cnobilia, rom teritoria, romelsac sakuTriv àfxazeTi~ ewodeba, adre

Sedioda bizantiis imperiaSi. mas qarTvelebi saberZneTs uwodebdnen. sazR-

vari `saqarTvelosa da saberZneTs~ Soris mdinare klisuraze gadioda.

imis Semdeg, rac arCilis dros bizantia dasustda, mdinare klisura gada-

iqca sazRvrad qarTlis samefosa da sakuTriv afxazeTis saerisTavos, e.i.

saberZneTs Soris.

afxazeTis erisTavi arCils ucxadebs _ àmieriTgan ars ese mamulobiT

samkvidrebel Cemda klisuriTgan, vidre mdinaremde did xazareTad~, e.i.

afxazeTis saerisTavos sazRvrebi gadis: samxreTiT _ mdinare klisura,

xolo CrdiloeTiT mdinare yubani, anu `mcirisa xazareTisa~ wyali.

afxazeTis am saerisTavos Semqneli leoni male danaTesavebis gziT

xdeba memkvidre dasavleT saqarTvelos `sauxucesosi~ _ `qarTlis same-


fos~ nawilisa, rac ase momxdara: qarTlis mefe mirma Tavisi samefos orad

gayofis Semdeg, samefos erTi naxevari _ dasavleT saqarTvelo `sauxuce-

sod~ gadasca Tavis Zma arCils, xolo meore naxevari gaunawila qarTlisave

erisTavebs _ guaram kurapalatis erT-erT STamomavals, ferozis naTesav

pitiaxSs, nerses nersesians, adarnase adarnasians, varazmans, juanSers jua-

nSerians, romelTac Tavisi qaliSvilebi miaTxova.

mefe miris anderZis Tanaxmad, misi qaliSvilebi mxolod qarTlis erisTavebs

unda SeerToT. ucxo qveynels ufleba ar hqonda siZeobisa. afxazeTis

erisTavs surda mefe miris qaliSvilis SerTva, magram afxazeTi sazRvris

gadaRma mdebareobda, amitomac leoni ar iTvleboda qarTlis erisTavad

da mas ufleba ar hqonda siZeobisa.

mefe miris anderZi arCilisadmi aseTia: _ `ara mivis Ze wuli Svilad

mkvidrad, aramed misxen Svidni qalni. aw Sen xar mkvidri saxlisagan

mefobisa Cvenisa... da Cven Semcirebul varT, rameTu Sen xar ucolo da me

var uZeo. aw radgan moyvanian mamaTa CvenTa colni asulni erisTavTa

CvenTani, miscen maT asulni Cemni da ganuyven qveyanani qarTlisani: naxevari

Sen da naxevari maT. xolo sauxucesod romel mqonda, momicemia Senda da

gqondes sauxucesod: egrisi, svaneTi, Takveri, argveTi da guria. xolo

klarjeTi da SuamTiuleTi miec asulTa CemTa~.32

e.i. anderZi aseTi Sinaarsisaa: marTalia, Cveni samefo saxlis siZlieris

dros Cveni winaprebi irTavdnen ucxo mefeTa asulebs, magram dauZlurebis

Semdeg winamorbedi mefeebi Cvenive (qarTlis) erisTavebis asulebs irTavd-

nen, amitomac amJamadac ase moiqec _ SerTe Cemi asulebi Cvensave (qarTlisave)

erisTavebs da ganuyavi maT Cemi samefoo. dasavleTi saqarTvelo, romelic

adre mefe miris sauxuceso iyo, arCils gadaeca.

mefe arCilma ganaxorciela anderZi. mefe miris qaliSvilebi SerTo

qarTlisave erisTavebs da `ganuyo maT qveyanani qarTlisani~.

am proceduris damTavrebisTanave arCil mefesTan TxovniT midis sakuTriv

afxazeTis erisTavi leoni. Txovs, raTa arCil mefem miiRos rogorc Tavi-

si `mona~. konteqstidan Cans, rom iTxovs CarTos qarTlis erisTavTa siaSi

da miaTxovon mas mefe miris erT-erTi qaliSvili.

juanSeri wers _ rogorc ki arCilma miris qaliSvilebi SerTo qarTlis

erisTavebs da amiT es erisTavebi Tavis `Svilebad da Zmebad hyo~, maSinve

afxazTa erisTavi leoni mefes ucxadebs: _ `...ars ese mamulobiT samkvi-

drebel Cemda: _ klisuriTgan, vidre mdinaremde didad xazareTad, sada

daswvdebis wveri kavkasiisa. SemrTe meca monaTa SenTa Tana, romelni ese

dRes Rirs yven Svilad da Zmad Senda. ara minda nawili Sengan, aramed Cemica

ese Senadve iyos, maSin misca leons colad Zmiswuli misi guranduxt...~.33

juanSeri iyo erT-erTi siZe arCilisa, romelic TviTmxilveli da msmene-

li yofila Tavismierve matianeSi moTxrobili ambisa. juanSeris Tanaxmad,


moxda aseTi saxis politikuri garigeba _ erisTavma leonma Tavisi samTavro

Seiyvana arCilis samefoSi _ `Cemica ese klisuriTgan mdinaremde mcirisa

xazareTisa Senadve iyos~, samagierod, arCilma mas miaTxova mefis qaliS-

vili, aqcia is Tavis ̀ Svilad da Zmad~, misca mas Zveli samefo gvirgvini. am

gziT afxazeTis erisTavi qarTlis samefo taxtis erT-erT memkvidred,

samefo saxlis Svilad iqca.

ivane javaxiSvili wers, rom juanSerso `...VII-VIII s.s. Sesaxeb ufro

sayuradRebo cnobebi moepoveba~.34 marTalia, iv. javaxiSvils ar sjera, rom

juanSerma aRwera vaxtang gorgaslis cxovreba, rac sruliad SesaZlebe-

lia, radganac ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, juanSerma vaxtangis cxovre-

ba ki ar aRwera, aramed ̀ ...vaxtang mefisiTgan vidre aqamomde aRwera juanS-

er juanSerianmao~.35

e.i. juanSeris matiane Seicavda ara gorgaslis cxovrebas, aramed mis

Semdeg, VII-VIII saukuneTa aRweras.

unda iTqvas, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, `qarTvelTa cxovreba

vidre vaxtangisamde aRiwereboda JamiTi-Jamad~, xolo vaxtang gorgaslis

cxovrebis avtori cnobili ar yofila.

leonti mroveli ki mxolod redaqtor-aRmwereli yofila da ara avtori

`mefeTa cxovrebisa~ da `ninos mier qarTlis moqcevisa~. am TxzulebaTa

avtorTa vinaoba ar scodniaT, magram scodniaT, rom isini drodadro, Jami-

Ti Jamad iwereboda qronikebis saxiT. leonti mroveli mxolod arCil

mefis wamebis momTxrobeli orfurcliani Txzulebis avtoria da redaq-

tori mTeli wignisa.

juanSeris Tanaxmad, TiToeul qarTlis erisTav-siZes Sexvda qarTlis

samefos romelime nawili samemkvidreod. yovel siZes amis Semdeg potenci-

urad SeeZlo Tavisi Tavi qarTlis samefo taxtis memkvidred gamoecxade-

bina. erT aseT memkvidred iqca leon afxazTa erisTavi. teritoria mdinare

klisuriTgan mdinare yubanamde leon erisTavis surviliT Sevida `qarT-

lis samefoSi~. aRsaniSnavia, rom leon erisTavamde es teritoria `bizan-

tiis imperiaSi~ Sedioda. am aqtis Semdeg, rac leonma mefis asuli

guranduxti SeirTo, afxazTa erisTavi iqca arCilis sauxuceso dasavleT

saqarTvelos erTaderT kanonier memkvidred, radganac arCils im dros

Svilebi ar hyavda. yvela sxva memkvidre siZe-erisTavi aRmosavleT saqarTvelo-

Si cxovrobda, miT umetes, rom arCilma leons uboZa samefo niSani _

`gvirgvini romeli berZenTa mefesa warmoeca mirisaTvis~. qarTlis mefis,

miris, samefo gvirgvini mefis asulis, guranduxtis meuRlis, leonis, sakuTre-

ba gaxda. afxazTa erisTavebi qarTlis mefeTa ojaxis wevrebi da taxtis

memkvidreni gaxdnen, iseve rogorc sxva siZe-erisTavebi.

mkvlevarebi miiCneven, rom qarTlis cxovrebaSi gadmocemuli mefe miris

da arCilis mier saqarTvelos samefos dayofa warmoadgens ara realur


aRweras, aramed legendas, romelic Seiqmna saqarTvelos erisTavTa wreSi

maTi interesebis dakmayofilebis mizniT. cnobili mkvlevari wers _ ̀ mkvl-

evarebi usafuZvlod ar Tvlian, rom es legenda aRmocenda qarTvel

erisTavTa wreSi da mimarTuli iyo im mZafri brZolis sawinaaRmdegod,

romelsac centraluri xelisufleba eweoda separatist feodalTa sawi-

naaRmdegod X-XI saukuneebSi erTiani monarqiis SeqmnisaTvis~.36 ̀ am pirobebSi

Seiqmna kidec legenda mefe arCilis `reformebis~ Sesaxeb, arsi romlisa

imaSi iyo, rom TiTqosda arCilma jer kidev VIII saukuneSi, Tavis Zmis, miris

anderZis Tanaxmad, miaTxova misi qaliSvilebi erisTavebs da mziTvis saxiT

misca maT saqarTvelos naxevari~.37

davuSvaT, arCilisa da miris mier qarTlis samefos dayofa da gadacema

Svid siZe-erisTavze, marTlac legendaa da is warmoiSva erTiani monarqi-

is sawinaaRmdegod, separatist erisTavTa moZraobis gasamarTleblad. am

SemTxvevaSi auxsneli rCeba yvelaze arsebiTi da mTavari, kerZod, legend-

is mixedviT, miris eqvsi qaliSvili miaTxoves aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

erisTavebs, xolo erTi _ afxazeTis erisTavs, amitomac legendis Tanaxmad,

rogori uflebac aqvT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erisTavebs qarTlis same-

fo taxtze, igive ufleba aqvs afxazeTis erisTavs. aqedan gamodinare, afx-

azTa mefeebs ufleba hqondaT elaSqraT tao-klarjeTSi, Sida qarTlsa Tu

kaxeTSi _ qarTlis samefo taxtze Tavisi memkvidreobiTi uflebis ganxor-

cielebis mizniT, rasac marTlac hqonda adgili.

afxazTa mefeebi mudmivad laSqrobdnen Sida qarTlSi, saqarTvelos

sxva kuTxeebSi, ̀ legendis SemTxzvel~ erisTavebis mamulSi, itacebdnen maT

samkvidrebels da uerTebdnen TavianT samefos. aSkarad Cans, rom Tu `leg-

enda SeTxzulia~ qarTlis erisTavTa wreSi, igi ver asrulebda Tavis

daniSnulebas.

Tu davuSvebT, rom legenda marTlac SeiTxza, unda vifiqroT, rom igi

afxazTa mefeebis karze, maTi aRmosavluri laSqrobebis gamarTlebis

mizniT SeiTxza, magram CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi mTavaria is, rom Zveli

wyaroebis Tanaxmad, afxazeTis mefeebs hqondaT erTiani saqarTvelos same-

fo taxtze pretendentobis kanonieri, memkvidreobiT miRebuli ufleba.

rogorc aRvniSneT, leon I-ma politikuri mosazrebiT Tavisi samTavro

afxazeTi iuridiulad SeuerTa qarTlis samefos, raTa amiT mieRo ufleba

qarTlis erisTavis titulis tarebisa da mefis memkvidre asulis SerTvisa.

guranduxtis SerTvis Semdeg, marTlac, mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi samefo

taxtis ori kanonieri memkvidre aRmoCnda _ mefis Zma arCili da mefis

qaliSvili guranduxti, aRmosavleTSi ki ufro meti. arCili uSvilo iyo im

dros, amitomac guranduxts (leonis meuRles) arCilis aRmosavleT saqarTvelo-

Si (kaxeTSi) gadasvlis Semdeg SeeZlo kanonierad emarTa mTeli saqarTve-

lo. guranduxtis meuRles, leon I-s, davalebulic eqneboda arCilisagan es.

arCilma mas xelisuflebis niSani _ samefo gvirgvini uboZa.


aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi arCils SeeZina ori vaJi. aqedan erT-erTi,

ioane, gadadis dasavleT saqarTveloSi. ioane arCilis Ze, cxadia, amis

Semdeg aris `mpyrobeli~ mmarTveli am mxarisa, magram saqarTvelos verc

erT kuTxeSi arabTa Zalebi ver iTmenen qarTlis samefo taxtis pirdapiri

memkvidreebis gaZlierebas. amis Sesaxeb mematiane wers: _ ùkeTu vinme

gamoCndis SvilTa Soris vaxtangisaTa, romelica Rirs iyo mefed, iqmnis

Semcrobil sarkinozTagan~, amitomac, unda vifiqroT, rom mterTagan Zal-

adakarguli ioane arCilis Ze xosroian-gorgasliani _ dasavleT saqarTve-

los kanonieri `mpyrobeli~, ufro TanammarTveli, anu ufro sworad, for-

maluri mmarTveli iqneboda, xolo leon I _ faqtobrivi mmarTveli. le-

ons arabebi ar sdevnian, da rac mTavaria, mas xazarTa samxedro da poli-

tikuri mxardaWera aqvs, xazarebi ki arabTa tolfardi da arabTa mowi-

naaRmdege Zala iyo amierkavkasiis arenaze. amitomac, ioanes gardacvalebi-

sTanave gaerTianebuli egris-afxazeTis `mpyrobeli~ xdeba ara ioanes STa-

momavali, aramed leon I-is STamomavali _ leon II. leon II-is Sesaxeb

wers mematiane _ ̀ daipyra afxazeTi da egrisi vidre lixamde~. aq ̀ daipyra~

niSnavs ara ZaliT dapyrobas, aramed imas, rom afxazeT-egrisis TviTmpyro-

beli mmarTveli gaxda leon II, nacvlad ioanes STamomavlebisa. ioanes

STamomavlebs am politikur erTeulze igive ufleba hqondaT, rac leons,

radganac oriveni qarTlis mefe miris kanonieri politikuri memkvidreebi

iyvnen. swored am ̀ kanonierebis~ gamo, afxazeT-egrisis samefos Seqmnas, anu

leonis mier dasavleT saqarTvelos `dapyrobas~ ar gamouwvevia araviTari

winaaRmdegoba qveynis SigniT, radganc moxda ̀ dapyroba~ ara ZaliT, aramed

moxda erTi mmarTveli dinastiis Secvla meore kanonieri mmarTveli di-

nastiiT. dapyrobas, am sityvis Tanamedrove gagebiT, adgili ar hqonia.

g. wulaia wers: àseT dapyrobas adgili rom hqonoda, maSin bunebrivia,

mas ar SeeZlo ar gamoewvia sapasuxo reaqcia egrisis mxridan _ amitomac

`matiane qarTlisaASi~ aRwerili ambavi kvalificirebul unda iqnas, rogorc

mSvidobiani SeerTeba egrisisa da afxazeTisa. da moxda es, rogorc Cans,

jer kidev VIII saukunis 80-ian wlebSi, sakuTriv afxazeTis samefos Seqmnam-

de~.38 marTlac, afxazeT-qarTlis SeerTeba moxda jer kidev afxazeTis

samefos warmoqmnamde, ris Sesaxebac mogviTxrobs ̀ matiane qarTlisaA~, ufro

dawvrilebiT ki juanSeri. qarTlSi im dros egrisic Sedioda, amitomac

qarTlisa da afxazeTis SeerTeba, imavdroulad afxazeT-egrisis SeerTe-

basac gulisxmobda da es afxazeTis samefos Seqmnamde moxda. leon II-m

miiRo afxazeTis mefis tituli, dasavleT saqarTvelos ewoda afxazeTi,

mmarTveli dinastiis warmomavlobis mixedviT.

àfxazTa samefos~ daarsebis Sesaxeb ivane javaxiSvili wers: ̀ VIII saukuneSi

bizantia dasustebuli iyo arabebTan brZolisa da Sinauri saeklesio uTanx-

moebisa da gamwvavebuli brZolis gamo xatebis Tayvanismcemlebsa da uarmy-


ofelTa Soris. amiT usargeblia afxazeTis imdroindel erisTavs ... leon

I gamefebula 746 wels da umefia 791 wlamde... am drois ganmavlobaSi

qarTlSi arabTa mkacri batonobis qveS erisTavobdnen jer nerse, xolo mis

Semdgom stefanozi, Ze gurgenisa. VIII saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi ki

erisTavad qarTlSi aSot didi yofila, magram raki qarTlSi arabebi xan-

grZliv mSvidobianad aravis aboginebdnen, verc qarTlis erisTavma aSot

kurapalatma (786-826) gauZlo... igi daesaxla artanujSi da ̀ misca RmerTma

gamarjveba da axelmwifa igi SavSeT-klrjeTsa zeda~... `berZenTa mefeman

miuboZa kurapalatoba aSots~.39

`...swored am dros, rogorc etyoba, kaxeTis mTavari grigoli daZrula da

qarTlis erTi nawili, qsnis xeoba da qsnis dasavleTiT mdebare Sida

qarTli daupyria... amitom `gamoilaSqra aSot kurapalatman da uSvela

Teodosi afxazTa mefeman, Zeman meoris leonisaman, romeli igi iyo siZe

aSot kurapalatisa~.40 es ambavi 791-818 w. Sua unda momxdariyo.

magram arc aSot kurapalatis gamarjveba da batonoba yofila qarTlSi

xangrZlivi: `movida xalid iazidis Ze arabi da daipyra somxiTi, qarTli

da hereTi... gaqceuls kurapalats arabebi kvaldakval daedevnen, moewivnen

da 29 ianvars 826 wels eklesiaSi zed sakurTxevelze maxvliT mohkles~.41

853 wels SemoiWra buRa Turqi da Tbilisi gadawva. `...bagrat kurapalati

moxerxebulad iqceoda da arabebis urTierTSoris mtrobiTa da uTanxmoebiT

TavisTvis sargeblobda. magram Tu arabebis Zalis daxmarebiTa da mfarvel-

obiT bagrat kurapalati kargad afarToebda Tavis samflobelos da amave

dros, afxazTa mefis moZraobas aRmosavleTisaken gzaze eRobeboda, calke

TviTon SavSeT-klarjeTis batons misi winaaRmdegobis gaweva ar SeeZlo. aki

amitomac iyo, rom `mas Jamsa Sina gamovida igi afxazTa mefe giorgi Zma

Teodoresi da dimitrisi, Ze leonisa, daipyra qarTli da dauteva erisTa-

vad Cixa Ze dimitrisi~ da bagrati iZlebuli iyo gaCumebuliyo~.43

IX saukunis meore naxevarsa da X saukunis dasawyisSi ara marto qvemo

qarTli _ Tbilisis samxreTiT myofi teritoria, aramed qarTlis cen-

traluri nawili, Sida qarTli, xSirad somxeTis `samefoSi~ SehyavdaT da

mas somexi mmarTvelebi marTavdnen. sakiTxavia, qarTvel qalkedonitTa da

qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba, qarTlze somex monofizitTa da arab musul-

manTa batonobis dros, miT umetes, rom am droisaTvis amierkavkasiis arabTa

mier dapyrobil nawilSi Seqmnili iyo administraciuli erTeuli `armeni-

is~ saxelwodebiT. am erTeulSi qarTlic Sedioda da mas zogjer arabTa

nacvlad, erovnebiT somxebi marTavdnen.

891 wels adarnase kurapalati, qarTvelTa mefe, somexTa mefis biZam

abasma gzad mimavali Seipyro.

`904 wels `gamovida konstantine afxazTa mefe~ da `daipyra qarTli~,

romelic am dros qarTlis aznaurebis xelT iyo. amis gamo `daemtera


somexT mefe sumbat tiezerakali da moilaSqra spiTa didiTa da moadga

ufliscixesa... da wariRes cixe xerxiTa~.

somxebs ufliscixe auRiaT.

`konstantine afxazTa mefe... miu-

val adgilebSi Seixizna, magram

raki mokavSireni mis sabrZanebels

aoxrebdnen, isev dazaveba airCia

da sumbats mociqulebi miugzav-

na. somexTa mefem Tavis mxriv war-

momadgenlad zavis pirobaze mosa-

laparakeblad somexi didebule-

bi gagzavna. roca afxazTa mefe

konstantine maTTan saubriT garT-

uli iyo, somexTa didebulebi adar-

nase qarTvelTa mefis brZanebisa-

mebr moulodnelad miscvivdnen konstantines da daatyveves. ueWvelia, am

veragi ganzraxvis monawile somexTa mefe unda yofiliyo. somexTa mefem

igi anisSi gagzavna~.44

somex monofizitTa Sida da qvemo qarTlze zegavlenis gaZlierebis

dros, arabTa mxardaWeriT, qarTuli eklesiis qalkedonurma centrebma IX-

X saukuneebSi gadainacvla mesxeTsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi. dasavleT

saqarTveloSi mainc qarTuli eklesiis pozicia ise Zlieri ar iyo, rogorc

mesxeTSi, radganac dasavleT saqarTveloSi bizantias Tavisi berZnuleno-

vani saepiskoposoebi hqonda daarsebuli. afxazTa mefeebma Tavis upirve-

les saqmed aqcies TavianT samefoSi berZnuli saepiskoposoebis gauqmeba

da maT nacvlad qarTuli saepiskoposoebis daarseba. mesxeTSi ki imis

Semdeg, rac iq tao-klarjeTis `qarTvelTa samefo~ daarsda, qarTulma

qalkedonurma eklesiam frTebi gaSala. amis Semdeg IX-X saukuneebSi aq

sarwmuneobiT `somexi~, magram erovnebiT qarTveli mosaxleoba ubrundebo-

da Tavis deda-qarTulenovan eklesias. aseTi ̀ sarwmunoebiT somexTa~ (grigol

bakurianis mier gamoyenebuli terminia _ `sarwmunoebiT somexi~) raodenoba

mkvidr qarTul mosaxleobaSi arc Tu ise mcire iqneboda, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,

rom taosa da klarjeTze VI-VII saukuneebSi rogorc somxuri monofizituri,

ise somxuri qalkedonituri eklesiebi hegemonobdnen, qarTuli eklesiis mna-

Tobis, wmida mama grigol xanZTelis da misi mowafeebis dros ufalma RmerTma

aayvava da gaaZliera qarTuli eklesia tao-klarjeTSi.

dasavleT saqarTveloSi damoukidebeli `afxazTa samefos~ daarsebas,

saeklesio kanonebis Tanmaxmad, unda gamoewvia da gamoiwvia kidec am saxel-

mwifoSi TavisTavadi eklesiis daarseba. afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarse-

bis politikuri safuZveli iyo afxazeTis samefo. VIII saukunidan afxaze-


Tis qarTuli sakaTalikoso ukve arsebobs. IX saukuneSi misi arseboba

aRiara `qarTvelTa mefem~.

qarTlis yofili samefos teritoriis nawilze, afxazeTis samefos warmo-

qmnis Semdeg, iq TavisTavadi eklesiis daarsebas araviTari garTuleba da

winaaRmdegoba ar unda gamoewvia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio moR-

vaweTa mxridan, radganac qalkedonisa da sxva msoflio krebaTa Tanaxmad,

eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi unda emTxveodes saxelmwifo _ adminis-

traciul sazRvrebs. amitomac, Tu saeklesio moRvaweni cnobdnen afxazeTis

damoukidebeli saxelmwifos arsebobas, kidevac unda ecnoT am saxelmwifo-

Si TavisTavadi afxazeTis qarTuli sakaTalikosos arseboba.

VIII-X saukuneebSi qarTlis sakaTalikosos Sesaxeb unda iTqvas Semdegi:

rogorc aRvniSneT, TavisTavadi da avtokefaluri eklesiis politikuri

safuZveli iyo saxelmwifo, romlis sazRvrebs SigniTac eklesia Tavis

iurisdiqcias axorcielebda. am Teoriidan gamomdinare, tao-klarjeTis

`qarTvelTa samefos~ Seqmnas TiTqosda tao-klarjeTSi avtokefaluri ek-

lesiis Seqmna unda gamoewvia. mkvlevarTa erTi nawili aviTarebda kidec

am Teorias da amtkicebdnen, rom `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ aRwerili avtoke-

faliis dadasturebani VIII saukuneSi, qarTuli eklesiisadmi antioqiis

sapatriarqos mier, Seexeboda ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, aramed tao-

klarjeTis avtokefalur eklesias. Cans, aseTi mosazrebani arasworia.

`qarTlis cxovreba~ gadmogvcems, rom tao-klarjeTis `qarTvelTa same-

fo~ axalwarmoqmnili, axaldaarsebuli saxelmwifo ki ar iyo, Seqmnili VIII-

IX saukuneebSi, aramed warmoadgenda im `qarTlis samefos~ memkvidres,

romelic daaarsa farnavaz mefem. Zvel istorikosTa Tanaxmad, `qarTvelTa

samefo~, romelic realurad im dros samxreT saqarTveloSi, taosa da

klarjeTSi arsebobda, igive Zveli samefo iyo xosroian-farnavazian-gor-

gaslianTa, mxolod am samefos mmarTveli Zveli dinastiebi axalma, bagra-

tionTa dinastiam Secvala.

`qarTvelTa mefeebi~ ara marto tao-klarjeTis mefeebs ewodebodaT, aramed

Zveli `qarTlis samefos~ farnavazian-xosroian-gorgaslian mefeebs, maT

Soris, ukanasknel xosroian mefes, arCil II-sac. ase rom, bagrationebis

`qarTvelTa samefo~ ara axali, aramed Zveli samefos politikuri memkvi-

dre iyo.

zemoT moyvanilis gamo, radganac `qarTvelTa samefo~ VIII-X saukuneebSi

warmoadgenda igive Zveli `qarTlis samefos~, amitomac iq axali avtoke-

faluri eklesia ki ar daarsda, aramed Zveli qarTlis sakaTalikoso

kvlavindeburad, Zveleburadve axorcielebda Tavis iurisdiqcias tao-klar-

jeTze da saerTod Tavis Zvel iurisdiqciisqveSa teritoriebze. aRsaniSna-

via, rom yvela xelisufali dinastia VIII-X saukuneebSi arsebuli qarTuli

saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebisa _ afxazeTis, tao-klarjeTisa, Tu kaxeT-


hereTisa, TavianT dinastiebs warmosaxavdnen Zveli, erTiani qarTlis same-

fos mmarTveli farnavazian-gorgaslianebis memkvidreebad. es imas niSnavs,

rom axali xelisufalni ar cnobdnen erTiani qarTlis samefos daSlas da

pretenzia hqondaT gaeerTianebinaT mTeli saqarTvelo Zveli qarTlis samefos

sazRvrebSi, Savi zRvidan alvaneTamde, TavianTi dinastiis meTaurobiT.

VIII saukunis Semdeg qarTul eklesiaSi arsebobs ori qarTuli sakaTa-

likoso _ afxazeTis da qarTlis. amaTgan mcxeTis, anu qarTlis kaTalikosi

ufros ùxuces~ kaTalikosad iTvleboda, xolo afxazeTisa _ umcros, anu

ùmrwmes~ kaTalikosad. aseTi urTierTdamokidebuleba imiT iyo gamowveu-

li, rom mcxeTis, anu qarTlis kaTalikosi (igulisxmeba VIII-X saukuneebi)

zis (ijda) mcxeTis kaTalikosis Zvel taxtze (igulisxmeba IV-V-VI-VII ss)

romelic iurisdiqcias mTels qarTlze _ aRmosavleT-dasavleT

saqarTveloze axorcielebda, amitomac VIII-X saukuneebSi mcxeTeli kaTa-

likosi Zveleburadve uflebis mqonea mTel qarTul eklesiaze, rogorc

aRmosavleTSi, ise dasavleTSi. Tumca, am dros dasavleT saqarTveloSi

ukve arsebobda afxazeTis sakaTalikoso. rogorc afxazTa kaTalikosi, ise

dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio wreebi cnobdnen mcxeTis kaTalikosis

uzenaesobas.

or qarTvel kaTalikoss Soris ufros-umcrosobiTi urTierTdamokide-

buleba iseTivea, rogorc ̀ qarTvelTa~ mefesa da afxazTa mefes Soris. rogorc

`qarTvelTa mefea~ ufrosi, xolo afxazTa mefe umrwmesi45 (asea wyaroTa

Tanaxmad), aseve `qarTlis~, anu mcxeTis kaTalikosi ufrosia, xolo afxazTa

kaTalikosi _ umrwmesi, amas naTlad miuTiTebs grigol xanZTelis cxovreba.

aq, kerZod, aRwerilia aseTi ambavi _ imis Semdeg, rac `qarTlis cxovrebis~

Tanaxmad, 830 wels `mefe~ bagrat kurapalatma cno (aRiara) _ `gaaCina da

ganawesa kaTalikosi afxazeTs~, saWiro gaxda garkveuliyo mironis kurTxe-

vis sakiTxi. arsebobda ori gza, _ mironi axali afxazeTis sakaTalikosos an

TviTve unda ekurTxebina, anda mieRo sxva uzenaesi eklesiidan.

sakiTxiT dainteresebul ierusalimis sapatriarqos gadauwyvetia ase:

radganac dasavleTi saqarTvelo ZvelTaganve igive qarTlia, amitomac aq

mironi ar unda ekurTxos, aramed afxazeTis sakaTalikosom mironi qarT-

lis sakaTalikosodan miiRoso. ase rom, qarTlis kaTalikosis uzenaesoba

ucxoelebmac aRiares; _ ̀ aramed didi efrem mravlisa keTilisa momatyvebel

iqmna qveyanasa Cvensa, rameTu pirvelad afxazeTisa (da ara ̀ aRmosavalisa~,

rogorc Cans, SecdomiT dauweria gadamwers qaragma à-sa~-s gaxsnis dros)

kaTalikosTa mihroni ierusalemiT mihyvanda. xolo efrem qristesmieriTa

brZanebiTa mihronisa kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa ierusalimisa patriarqisa

ganwesebiTa da wamebiTa sixaruliT. aramed qarTlad friadi qveyana aRir-

icxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis, locva yoveli

aResrulebis~, _ wers giorgi merCule.


aqac gadmocemulia igive formula, romelzedac Cven vilaparakeT, rom

Zvel qarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad, qarTli mudam ZvelTaganve ewodeboda

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos. giorgi merCule wers, rom marTalia,

dasavleT saqarTveloSi daarsda afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, magram miuxeda-

vad amisa, mainc dasavleTi saqarTvelo _ qarTlia, radganac aq qarTvelebi

cxovroben da wirva-locvis ena qarTuli enaa. amis gamo, mcxeTis Zvel

sakaTalikosos uzenaesoba aqvs afxazeTis axal sakaTalikosoze, afxazeTis

kaTalikosi umrwmesia, qarTlisa _ uxucesi, amitom afxazeTma mironi qarTl-

idan unda miiRoso.

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarseba

qalkedonis IV msoflio krebis me-17 da sxva kanonebis Tanaxmad, eklesi-

is iurisdiqciis sazRvari unda emTxveodes saxelmwifo-administraciuls,

anu yoveli saxelmwifos SigniT SeiZleba arsebobdes Tavisufali eklesia

Tavisi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebiT.

afxazeTis samefos _ damoukidebeli saxelmwifos daarsebam safuZveli

daudo afxazeTis samefoSi Tavisufali qarTuli saeklesio erTeulis _

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarsebas. VII s-dan Seqmnili politikuri vi-

Tarebis gamo, dasavleT saqarTvelos mrevli sxvadasxva saeklesio cen-

trebs eqvemdebareboda, zRvis piras arsebobda lazikis _ foTis samitro-

polito. misi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi aRmosavleTiT iyo skanda-Sorapnis

xazi, CrdiloeTiT ki _ mdinare klisura. am mdinaris marjvena sanapiro,

vidre jiqeTamde, abazgiis saarqiepiskoposoSi Sedioda, skanda-Sorapnis

xazis aRmosavleTiT mdebare teritoria Sedioda mcxeTis sakaTalikosoSi,

foTis samitropolitosa da abazgiis eklesiebi Sedioda konstantinopo-

lis sapatriarqoSi. afxazeTis samefom am eklesiebis teritoriebi moicva,

amitom, saWiro gaxda am samefoSi erTiani eklesiis daarseba da daarsda

kidec afxazeTis qarTuli sakaTalikoso. is daarsebisTanave 750-ian wleb-

Si cno antioqiis sapatriarqom da konstantinopolze misi damokidebuleba

gaauqma, avtokefalia mianiWa mas. mcxeTis sakaTalikosom is mogvianebiT, IX

saukuneSi cno, radganac mcxeTas mTeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo Tavis samw-

ysod miaCnda. konstantinopolis sapatriarqoc, albaT, iZulebuli gaxda

ecno axali eklesia X saukunis bolos.46

VIII saukunis meore naxevarSi Seqmnil `afxazTa samefoSi~ Sevida da

misi ZiriTadi nawili gaxda iberiis samefos yofili teritoriebi dasav-

leT saqarTveloSi _ egrisi, guria, Takveri, argveTi, svaneTi, amitomac afx-

azTa samefos VIII-X saukuneebSi ̀ qvemo iberias~ uwodebdnen. arsebobda ori

iberia: zemo iberia _ anu aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo da ̀ qvemo iberia~ _ anu

dasavleTi saqarTvelo.


XVII saukunis ierusalimeli patriarqi dosiTeosi wers _ `iberiaSi ori

avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposia, romelTac qarTvelebi uwodeben kaTaliko-

sebs. qvemo iberia, romelsac Zvelad kolxeTs da lazikas uwodebdnen,

aqvs eparqiebi imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi, svaneTsa da mesx-

eTis nawilSi. es eparqiebi eqvemdebarebodnen konstantinopolis saydars

fasidis mitropolitis saSualebiT... ase rom, erekles Semdeg _ lev

isavrosamde qvemo iberia ukve iyo avtokefaluri saarqiepiskoposo, magram

Cven ar viciT, romeli imperatoris dros da romel krebaze mianiWes mas

avtokefalia... zemo da qvemo iberias Soris sazRvari aris qedi, romelic

kavkasiis mTebSi iwyeba, qarTulad qulfargi ewodeba, qvemo iberiis kaTali-

kosi pativiT ufro metia zemo iberiis kaTalikosze, radganac is ukve

isavrosis dros, 720 wels, kaTalikosi iyo qvemo iberiisa ... iberebi qvemo

iberiis kaTalikoss miiCneven ufros kaTalikosad, radganac mefe, e.i. imere-

Tis Tavi, maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberiis mefeTa-mefed~.47

meore ierusalimeli patriarqi xrisanfi ambobs: `...saqarTveloSi, romel-

sac adre iberia erqva, iyo ori avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi, romelTac

Cveulebis Tanaxmad uwodeben kaTalikosebs da ara arqiepiskoposebs. ase maT

marto qarTvelebi uwodeben. amaTgan erTi, e.i. arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberiisa,

iwodeba imereTis, oseTis, guriis da sruliad qvemo iberiis unetares kaTa-

likosad, anu martivad, sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc

ufrosi zemo iberiis kaTalikosze. xolo meore, e.i. zemo imereTisa, iwodeba

qarTlis, kaxeTis, alvaneTis da sruliad zemo iberiis unetares kaTaliko-

sad... romeli imperatoris dros, an romel krebaze gaxda is saarqiepisko-

poso, Cven zustad ver davadgineT, magram 26 ivnisis svinaqsarSi vpoulobT,

rom ioane, goTeTis episkoposi, xeldasxmuli iqna iberiis kaTalikosis mier

(gulisxmobs ara mcxeTis, aramed ̀ qvemo iberiis~ kaTalikoss, e.p. an.), radga-

nac romaul qveynebSi batonobda xatmebrZolTa eresi, ase rom, rogorc Cans,

erekles Semdeg isavramde qvemo iberia saarqiepiskoposo gaxda...~.48

es ierusalimeli patriarqebi XVII saukuneSi cxovrobdnen. fasisis samit-

ropolito konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi Sevida VII saukunis 30-iani

wlebidan herakle keisris Semdeg. manamde is Sedioda iberiis eklesiis

iurisdiqciaSi.49 herakle keisarma raRac mizezis gamo dasaja iberiis

samefo da mas matianeTa Tanaxmad, CamoaWra zRvispira miwebi. es CamorTmeu-

li teritoriebi uSualod imperiaSi Seiyvana. amis gamo, am teritoriebze

iurisdiqcia VII saukunidan ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom.

fasisis samitropolitoSi Sedioda oTxi saepiskoposo.

am mitacebul miwebze, romelic imperiaSi Sevida, Tavisi iurisdiqcia

ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom VII saukunis 30-iani wlebidan.

konstantinopolis sapatriarqom am dros Tavisi iurisdiqcia ganaxorcie-

la ara mTel dasavleT saqarTveloze, aramed `zRvis pirze~, anu sakuTriv


egrisze, romelic jer kidev Zvel dros vrceldeboda `skanda-Sorapnis

xazamde~, marTalia, iberia ewodeboda mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos (kli-

suramde) aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan erTad, magram `sakuTriv iberia~

ewodeboda miwebs skanda-Sorapnis aRmosavleTiT, sadac es cixeebi idga.

aseve egrisi vrceldeboda lixis qedamde, magram sakuTriv egrisi skanda-

Sorapnis xazis dasavleTiT mdebareobda. iberiis im teritoriaze, romelic

dasavleT saqarTveloSi skanda-Sorapnis xazis aRmosavleTiT mdebareobda,

Tavis iurisdiqcias VII saukunis Semdegac Zveleburadve axorcielebda

iberiis (mcxeTis) sakaTalikoso. aq wirva-locvis ena ZvelTaganve, V sauku-

nidan qarTuli iyo.50

ase rom, afxazeTis samefos Seqmnis droisaTvis mis teritoriaze aRmoCn-

da sami erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli eklesia _ afxazeTis (abazgiis)

saarqiepiskoposo, mdinare klisuras CrdiloeTiT, fasisis samitropolito,

skanda-Sorapnis xazamde da argveT-egrisis eklesia (am xazidan lixis

qedamde), aqedan ori bizantiis eklesiaSi Sedioda, mesame ki, argveTis saepisko-

poso _ iberiis sakaTalikosoSi.

vaxuSti afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Sesaxeb wers: `.... ara saCinod uwyebu-

li cxovrebidam Tu rodis ganTavisuflda, aramed mwerali ityvis cxovre-

bisaganve: odes gandga leon da iwoda afxazTa mefed, maSin mouZlurebul

iyvnen berZennica da am levanis mier, anu SemdgomTa misTagan, ganTavisu-

flda TxovniTa berZenTaganve~.51

vaxuStis Tanaxmad, afxazeTis avtokefaluri eklesia Seiqmna ara arakanon-

ikurad, aramed am eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa `berZnulma~ sapatriarqom.

ismis kiTxva: romelma sapatriarqom mianiWa afxazeTis, anu `qvemo iberiis~

eklesias avtokefalia _ antioqiis Tu konstantinopolis sapatriarqom?

saerTod, unda iTqvas, rom 720 wlisaTvis (am TariRs uTiTebs, rogorc

qarTuli, ise ucxouri wyaroebi) afxazeTis mTavar leon I-is dros, roca

is TanammarTveli iyo dasavleT saqarTveloSi arCil mefisa, konstantinop-

olSi lev isavrosis zeobisas (717-741) mZvinvarebda xatmebrZoloba. jer

kidev 713 wels Tavisi Camogdebis win imperatori filipike vardane apirebda

gamoeca kanoni xatebis Tayvaniscemis akrZalvisa, 726 wels imperatorma

levma aSkarad gamoTqva Tavisi uaryofiTi azri xatebis Sesaxeb.52 xolo

iberiaSi (egris-afxazeTSi) xatebis Tayvaniscema Zalze iyo miRebuli. gar-

da konstantinopolTan sarwmunoebrivi uTanxmoebisa, afxazeTis mTavari

saerTod mtrulad iyo ganwyobili bizantiis (konstantinopolis) mimarT.

750-ian wlebSi gaerTianebuli qvemo iberiis, anu egris-abazgiis eklesi-

idan antioqiis sapatriarqoSi gagzavnil iqna samRvdeloeba. antioqiis

sapatriarqom, rogorc mTeli aRmosavleTis dedaeklesiam, cno axalSeqmni-

li eklesia, mianiWa mas avtokefalia da akurTxa misi pirveli kaTalikosi.

es eklesia Tavis iurisdiqcias jer kidev ar axorcielebda skanda-Sorap-


nis xazs iqiT _ argveTSi, magram 830 wels, matianis Tanaxmad, aRmosavleT

(zemo) iberiis samefom cno egris-afxazeTis sakaTalikoso da mis iuris-

diqciaSi gadasca argveTis eklesia. amis Semdeg 830 wlidan afxazeTis

sakaTalikoso Tavis iurisdiqcias mTel dasavleT saqarTveloze axor-

cielebda. rogorc aRiniSna, 720-iani wlebidanve axalSeqmnil eklesias

ucxoelebi uwodebdnen `qvemo iberiis~, anda ubralod ìberiis~ eklesias.

swored amiTaa gamowveuli is, rom cnobebi am ori eklesiis (e.i. qvemo da

zemo iberiis) Sesaxeb erTmaneTSia areuli da xSirad is cnoba, rac Seexeba

qvemo iberiis eklesias, miiCneva rogorc zemo iberiis (mcxeTis) eklesiis

Sesaxeb cnobad. amgvar Secdomas ver ascda cnobili moRvawe efrem mcire.

man qvemo iberiis eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis miniWebis Sesaxeb cnoba miiC-

nia zemo iberiis (mcxeTis) eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis miniWebis cnobad.

cnobebi efrem mcires XI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi amouRia `xronografsa

Sina antioqias aRwerilsa~.

àntioqiur qronografs~ Cvenamde ar mouRwevia, magram radganac efremis

Tanamedrovesa da TanamoRvawes nikon SavmTels Tavis `pandeqtebSi~ qarTu-

li eklesiis Sesaxeb igive masala aqvs gadmocemuli, rac efrems, fiqroben,

rom orive avtors Sav mTaze arsebuli erTi da imave wyaroTi unda

esargebla. mkvlevarTa Tanaxmad, ̀ antioqiuri qronografis~ uZvelesi varian-

tis arsebobaze ìsic miuTiTebs, rom misiT jer kidev VI saukunis bizan-

tiel istorikoss ioane malalas usargeblia~, _ wers v. goilaZe.

Cans, àntioqiur qronografSi~ ewera ìberiis~ eklesiam rogor miiRo

avtokefalia VIII saukuneSi, magram ar iyo miTiTebuli, rom es iyo `qvemo~,

da ara `zemo~ iberiis eklesia.

efrem mcires pirdapir aqvs gadmowerili qronografiidan: _ `dReTa

konstantine skoris (741-775) mosaxelisaTa, antioqias patriarqobasa netar-

isa Teofilaqtessa (744-751) movidnen qarTliT (iberiidan) mociqulad

monazonni orni da mouTxres netarsa Teofilaqtes, viTarmed didsa Wirsa

arian qristianeni mkvidrni qarTvelTa (iberielTa) soflebisani, rameTu

dRiTgan netarisa anastasi mRvdel-mowamisa antioqiel patriarqisa (561-599)

ara kurTxeul ars maTda kaTalikosi _ mTvarepiskoposi siZnelisaTvis

gzisa, rameTu agarianTagan veravin ikadrebs svlad. xolo man bWobiTa kreb-

isaTa _ mTavarepiskoposTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa TvisTa misca

qarTvelTa protreptikoni, romel ars ganxsniTi, raATa TviT maTisa sazRvrisa

episkoposTagan xelni daesxmodin Jamad-Jamadsa kaTalikossa qarTlisasa,

raAca saRmrToman madlman uCvenos maT da romeli gamoirCion moyvasTa mis

eklesiisaTa TanadgomiTa da wamebiTa episkoposTaATa wesTaebr saeklesioTa.

da Seuqmna maT aRweriT mosaxsenebeli Tavisa TvisisaTvis da mun Semokrebu-

lisa krebisaTvis da xelT-dasxmul yo erTi orTa maT missa movlinebulTa.

monazonTagani saxeliT ioane mis Jamisa kaTalikosad maTda~.53


am cnobis Tanaxmad, iberiidan (das. saqarTvelodan) antioqiaSi Casuli

ioane iberiis (igulisxmeba qvemo iberia) kaTalikosad xatmebrZoli imper-

atoris, konstantine kopronimis Tanamedrove Teofilaqte antioqelma akurTxa.

am cnobidan gamomdinare, ioanes kaTalikosobis dasawyisi 744 wlis Semdeg

ivaraudeba. es ki is droa, roca bizantiis vasali leon afxazTa erisTavi

jer aerTianebs egris-afxazeTs, Semdeg ki Tavs iTavisuflebs bizantiis

vasalobisagan da `samefod yalibdeba~.54 uZvelesi droidan antioqiis sap-

atriarqos kuTvnili dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia... da politikuri

damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli leon I, ra Tqma unda, Seecdeboda poli-

tikuri damoukideblobis mopovebis paralelurad Tavisi qveynisTvis saek-

lesio Tavisuflebac moepovebina~.55

`afxazTa erisTavis leon I-is zeobas 720/30-740-iani wlebiT, xolo misi

memkvidris (Zmiswulis) leon II-is (753/58-798) wlebiT varaudoben. rogorc

vxedavT, leon I-s politikuri damoukideblobis mopovebasTan erTad qveyni-

saTvis eklesiuri damoukideblobis mopovebac ucdia. rogorc iv. javaxiS-

vili fiqrobs, aseTi nabijisaTvis mas droc Sesaferisi SeurCevia. saqme is

iyo, rom imperatori lev III (719-740) 726 wels xatTayvanismcemelTa winaaRmdeg

gamovida, xolo 730 wlis ediqtiT xatTayvanismcemloba akrZala mTeli

imperiis masStabiT. daiwyo monastrebis daxurva, saeklesio miwebis gayidva

da eklesiis saganZuris konfiskacia. xatTayvanismcemelTa winaaRmdeg gan-

sakuTrebiT konstantinopolSi ibrZodnen, amitom im droisaTvis konstanti-

nopolis sapatriarqoSi Semaval dasavlur-qarTul eklesias marTlac Sei-

Zleboda Tavisi eklesiis umaRlesi saWeTmpyroblis xeldasasxmelad Zve-

li siuzerenis _ antioqiis sapatriarqo kaTedrisaTvis miemarTa. garda

imisa, rom antioqiis eklesia dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis Zvel siu-

zerenad iTvleboda. am droisaTvis antioqiidan gaismoda damaskeli moZRvris,

ioane damaskelis (gard. 753) xma xatTayvanismcemelTa dasacavad. aRniSnu-

lidan gamomdinare, miuxedavad imisa, rom imxanad dasavleT saqarTvelos

eklesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos eklesiis eparqias warmoadgenda,

dasaSvebia, Teofilaqtes am qveyanaze antioqiis sapatriarqos Zveli Zalau-

flebis da rac mTavaria, konstantinopolSi arsebuli xatmebrZolobis gamo,

marTlac, ekurTxebina ioane afxazeTis damoukidebel kaTalikosad. ase rom,

744 wlis Semdgom xanaSi qarTlis kaTalikosTa Soris, radganac ioanes

saxelis mqone pirovneba ar Cans, Teofilqate antioqelis mier 744-750

wlebSi saqaraTvelos (iberiis) kaTalikosad xeldasxmuli ioane dasavleT

saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) pirvel avtokefalur kaTalikosad unda iqnas

miCneuli. misi moRvaweoba 744 wlis Semdgom xanaze mova~.56

v. goilaZis mosazrebas, antioqiis eklesiis mier qvemo iberiis kaTaliko-

sis kurTxevis Sesaxeb, adasturebs XVII saukunis antioqeli patriarqi makar-

iosi da amave saukunis ierusalimeli patriarqebi dosiTeosi da xrisanfi.


makariosi wers, rom antioqel patriarq Teofilaqtes dros afxazeTis

mefem daviTma antioqiaSi episkoposad xeldasasxmelad gagzavna mravali

pirovneba _ ̀ afxazeTidan antioqiaSi gagzavnilebs, gzaze yaCaRebi daxvdnen

da daxoces. ori maTgani gadarCa... Teofilaqtem moiwvia kreba, romelzedac

gadawyda afxazeTisTvis daeniSnaT damoukidebeli kaTalikosi, romelic

afxazeTisaTvis akurTxebda mRvdelmTavrebs, magram im pirobiT, rom igi

moixseniebda antioqiis patriarqebs... erTi maTgani, ioane, patriarqma kaTa-

likosad akurTxa. mas mudmivad unda ecxovra afxazeTSi. meore afxazi

patriarqma episkoposad akurTxa da orive saxlSi, afxazeTSi gamoistumra~.

goilaZe wers: _ es ambavi qarTlis (zemo iberiis, mcxeTis) eklesias rom

Seexebodes, maSin ioane qarTlisaTvis, ra Tqma unda, pirveli kaTalikosi ar

iqneboda.57 makariosi ioanes Sesaxeb werda, rom ioane iyo pirveli kaTali-

kosi Tavisi eklesiiso.

efrem mcire, makariosi, nikon SavmTeli erTsa da imave ambavs mogviTxroben.

goilaZis azriT, makariosis cnobebi dasavleT saqarTvelos rom exeba,

iqidanac Cans, rom makarioss iqve mohyavs VI saukunis istorikosis, evagre

sqolastikosis cnoba imperator iustinianes mier afxazeTSi taZris aSenebisa

da afxazeTidan konstantinopolSi bavSvebis Camoyvanis Sesaxeb iustini-

anes dros.

`makareosis cnobebs ioanes dasavleT saqarTvelos pirvel kaTalikosad

kurTxevis Sesaxeb mxars uWers: 1. IX saukunis bolos Sedgenili konstanti-

nopolis sapatriarqosadmi daqvemdebarebul kaTedraTa nusxebSi `afxaze-

Tis avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposis~ moxsenieba. 2. ioane guTelis saqarTvelo-

Si xeldasxmis cnoba~.58

744-750 wlebSi Teofilaqte antioqelis mier dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTa-

likosad ioanes xeldasxmis Sesaxeb cnoba, Cans, `antioqiur qronografiaSi~

Sevida da, roca XI saukuneSi mas efrem mcirem miakvlia, mTeli saqarTvelos

eklesiaze gavrcelda. namdvilad ki, rogorc makariosis Txzulebidan Cans,

es cnoba qvemo iberiis eklesias exeboda da ara zemo iberiis an mTliani

iberiis eklesias. es kargad gaugiaT ierusalimel patriarqebs dosiTeossa

da xrisanfs, romelTa cnobebic zemoTaa citirebuli.

dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia konstantinopolis sapat-

riarqos ucvnia da uRiarebia X saukunis damdegs.59

matiane wers _ `xolo aman bagrat gaaCina da ganawesa kaTalikosi

afxazeTs qristes aqeT 830 wels~.60

bagrat kurapalati mmarTveli iyo zemo iberiisa da ijda xosroianTa

(erTiani iberiis mmarTveli dinastia, gorgasali am dinastias ekuTvnoda)

taxtze. amdenad, Sesabamis wreebSi miaCndaT, rom mas uflebebi gaaCnda

mTels iberiaze, maT Soris `qvemo iberiaze~, anu afxazeTze.

bagrat kurapalatis dros saqarTvelos eklesiis mnaTobma grigol xanZT-

elma ineba afxazeTis eklesiis moxilva. afxazeTis mefem, demetrem, didi


pativiT miiRo is. grigoli darwmunda, rom afxazeTSi wirva-locvis ena,

kvlav, Zveleburadve qarTulia, xolo ̀ qarTlad friadi qveyana aRiricxebis,

romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locva yoveli aRes-

rulebis~. imis Semdeg, rac `aqa gamoCnda kaTalikozi afxazeTisa, Jamsa mas

leon isavrosisasa, qristes aqeT 720 wels~,61 aRmoCnda, rom qarTvel ers

Tavisi samSoblos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi hqonda ori avtokefaluri eklesia,

erTmaneTze administraciulad damoukidebeli, magram sulierad erTiani,

amaSi gasakviri araferia. berZnebs oTxi sapatriarqo da ramdenime damoukide-

beli saarqiepiskoposo hqondaT, aseve sxva erebs.

bagrat kurapalatis mier 830 wels afxazeTis kaTalikosis `gaCena~ unda

gavigoT im mniSvnelobiT, rom faqtobrivad, 720 wlidan afxazeTis sakaTa-

likosos arseboba 830 wels aRiara da cno qarTlis sakaTalikosom. Cans,

am faqtSi garkveuli Rvawli miuZRoda grigol xanZTels, xolo misi mowafis

efrem mawyverelis RvawliT ganwesda, rom afxazeTis sakaTalikoso mirons

miiRebda qarTlis (mcxeTis) sakaTalikosodan, rogorc ̀ umrwmesi~ _ ̀ uxuc-

esisagan~. afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoqmniT, faqtobrivad, aRsdga qarTuli

eklesiis mTlianoba, radgan dasavleT saqarTvelos erTi mniSvnelovani

nawili gaTavisuflda konstantinopolis iurisdiqciisagan da iq aRdgeni-

li iqna qarTulenovani RvTismsaxureba.

mironis kurTxevis Sesaxeb

Tanamedrove qarTul mecnierebaSi damkvidrda azri, rom qarTulma ekle-

siam mironis kurTxevis ufleba miiRo IX saukuneSi. marTlac, grigol

xanZTelis cxovrebaSi weria, rom mironis kurTxevis neba ierusalimis

patriarqs gamosTxova efremma.

Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi damkvidrebuli azriT, mironis kurTxevis neba

qarTulma eklesiam miiRo qalkedonis krebis _ 451 wlis Semdeg.

ekurTxeboda Tu ara qarTul eklesiaSi mironi V saukunidan, am sakiTxis

garkvevisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs am mxriv mezobel somxeTsa da

albaneTSi arsebul mdgomareobas.

somxur istoriografiaSi Semonaxuli cnobebis Tanaxmad, qarTveli xalxi

da samRvdeloeba qarTuli eklesiis Rirsebas ufro maRla ayenebda, vidre

albanurisas. amitomac, rodesac somxeTis patriarqma albaneTis eklesias

qarTul eklesiasTan SedarebiT mianiWa upiratesoba da igi qarTul ekle-

siaze win daayena, es qarTvelma mamamTavarma iukadrisa da uxtanesis mier

Segrovili cnobebis Tanaxmad, gawyvita kavSiri somxur eklesiasTan. al-

baneli istorikosi mose kalankatuaci wers, rom somxeTis `...mTavarma saek-

lesio moRvaweebma, somxeTis ampartavani xasiaTis mixedviT, TviTneburi

surviliT ganaweses abraami _ patriarqad, albaneli _ arqiepiskoposad,


qarTveli _ mitopolitad: aRSfoTda qarTveli, romelsac kirioni erqva da

sawinaaRmdego kamaTi daiwyo. xolo wmida mamamTavari abraami ambobda, rom

albanelebi qarTvelebze adre iyvnen qristianebi da mTavarepiskoposoba

maT Seefereba~.62

albaneTis eklesiaze ufro dabal safexurze dayeneba qarTulma ekle-

siam pativisa da Rirsebis damcirebad miiCnia. aseTi Tvalsazrisi ara

marto mose kalankatuels, aramed Zvel somex istorikosebsac hqondaT.

amas miiCnevdnen zogierT wreebSi saeklesio ganxeTqilebis mizezad. aqedan

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom qarTul eklesias Tavisi Rirseba da pativi arc

albanur da arc somxur eklesiaze naklebad ar miaCnda. amitom, Tuki

somxur, anda albanur eklesiaSi akurTxebdnen mirons, maSin aucileblad

qarTuli eklesia imave uflebiT isargeblebda. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,

qarTuli eklesiis damoukidebloba sruli ar iqneboda da igi veRarc

Seedreboda Tavisi pativiT da RirsebiT im eklesiebs (am SemTxvevaSi

albaneTisa da somxeTisas), romelTac mironis kurTxevis ufleba hqondaT

mopovebuli.

albaneTis eklesias, mose kalankatuelis Tanaxmad, mironis kurTxevis

ufleba hqonda araTu IX saukunemde, aramed VI saukuneSi. ufro metic, am

dros albaneTis eklesia sivnieTis eklesiasac ki aZlevda mirons. mose

kalankatueli Tavisi `albaneTis istoriis~ 48-e Tavs asaTaurebs ase: _ `...

sivnieTelTa moqceva somexTagan albanelebisaken da xeldasxmisa da zeTis

(maTgan) miReba~.63

uxtanesi am mdgomareobas ase xsnis: `...somxeTi sparselebsa da berZnebs

hqondaT erTmaneTSi gayofili... gayofili sapatriarqo saydari uaryves

sivnieTis uflebma da winaaRmdegobis gamo ar daeTanxmnen romelimes damor-

Cilebodnen petre episkoposis brZanebiT, romelmac ... ubrZana Tavis samwy-

sos, xeldasxma da mironis kurTxeva albanelTagan mieRoT, sanam wmida

grigoris sapatriarqo saydari gaerTiandeboda. am droidan aqamde xel-

dasxmasa da mirons sivnielebi albanelTagan iRebdnen~...64

aqedan Cans, rom rogorc albaneli mose kalankatuelis, ise somexi ux-

tanesis mixedviT, albaneTis eklesia TviTve akurTxebda mirons jer kidev

somxeTis sakaTalikosos orad gayofamde, VI saukunis dasasrulamde. ioane

kogoviteli, gayofis droindeli somexi qalkedoniti kaTalikosi, 590-611

wlebSi zeobda.

albaneTis eklesia VI sakuneSi mirons akurTxebda, xolo saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi sxva eklesiasac ki awodebda mirons.

z. aleqsiZe wers: ̀ mose kalankatuelis gadmocemiT, roca somxeTis sakaTa-

likoso orad gaiyo VI-VII saukuneebis mijnaze ioanesa (qalkedoniti) da

moses (monofiziti) Soris, sivnieTis mmarTvelebma arc erTi aRara scnes

da xeldasxmisaTvis albanelTa kaTalikosebs mimarTavdnen xolme. alban-


eTidanve iRebdnen mirons, sanam abraam albaTanelma ar gaaerTiana orive

saydari~.65 aqedan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom Tu albaneTis eklesias mironis

kurTxeva SeeZlo VI saukuneSi, qarTul eklesiasac aseTive ufleba eqnebo-

da, radganac qarTul eklesias albanur eklesiaze Rirseulad da meti

pativis mqoned miaCnda Tavi.

somxeTis kaTalikosisadmi kirion qarTvelTa kaTalikosis mier gagzav-

nili werilebidan Cans, rom qarTul eklesias Tavisi Tavi somxuri eklesi-

is Tanaswor da Tanatol eklesiad miaCnda.

hqonda Tu ara somxur eklesias mironis kurTxevis ufleba?

hqonda, radganac VII saukunis dasawyisSi, sapatriarqo taxtze asvlisTanave

kaTalikosma abraamma mironi akurTxa. uxtanesi aRwers kidec, Tu ra aris

mironi da rogori wesiT akurTxeben mas.

somexma ierarqebmao, _ wers uxtanesi, _ krebis damTavrebis Semdeg ̀ ...isic

kanonierad miiCnes, rom Sevedreboden TavianT mamamTavars, ekurTxa da

maTTvis mieca sacxebeli zeTi, e.i. mironi, romliTac scxeben da naTlaven...

radganac moses sikvdilis Semdeg aravis ukurTxebia sacxebeli zeTi...

Seudga mwuxris msaxurebas fsalmunebiT, kurTxeviTa da sulieri galobiT

dRis saidumlos msgavsad. saidumlos Sesaferisad kiTxviT gaaTies Rame

da mTeli dRe mRviZared RmrTisa mimarT locvaSi, vidre aRsruldeboda

yvela saidumlo RmrTis sadideblad, xolo meore dRes gaunawila mamamTa-

varma kurTxevis zeTi...~.66

uxtanesi wers, rom VI saukunis bolos mironi akurTxa kaTalikosma

mosem (574-604), xolo VII sakunis dasawyisSi _ abraamma.

rogorc zemoT aRniSnulidan Cans, saqarTvelos mezobeli eklesiebi VI-

VIII, SesaZloa V saukuneebSi akurTxebdnen mirons da amitomac, maTi Tana-

tol-Tanafardi, maTTan saeklesio kavSirSi myofi qarTuli eklesiac VI-VII

saukuneebSi amave uflebiT isargeblebda.

qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT, qarTuli eklesia V saukuneSive akurTxebda

mirons. moRweulia kidevac mironis kurTxevis teqsti, romelic Sevsebulia

Semdgom saukuneebSi. masSi Camatebulia axal saukuneTa atributebi, amito-

mac axali drois dokumentad miiCneva. aseve efrem mcire Tavis SromaSi

wers, rom mironis kurTxevis ufleba qarTul eklesias mieniWa V saukuneSi.

efrem mcire ase aRwers am process: wmida ninos dros evstaTi antio-

qelma patriarqma daamyara qarTuli eklesia. gadawyda, rom mironi qarTul

eklesias mieRo antioqiis sapatriarqodan. im dros, IV saukuneSi, mirons

mxolod antioqiis sapatriarqo amzadebda da akurTxebda. mironis Sesasy-

idad qarTvelebs antioqiisaTvis unda eZliaT aTasi kvamlis gadasaxadi.

mcire xnis Semdeg antioqiam aTasi kvamlis gadasaxadis nacvlad iTxova

aTasi drahkani yovelwliurad. maleve antioqiam berZenTa mefis Suamavlo-

biT, qarTvelTa aTasi drahkani gadasca ierusalimis sapatriarqos. axla

ukve mironis Sesasyidi Tanxa qarTvelebs ierusalimisaTvis unda eZliaT.


Semdeg efrem mcire wers: `aqa dagYSTa saZiebeli mravalTaA, Tu odes

miiRes qarTvelTa kurTxevaA mironisaA da amisda cnobad... vpoe sazogadod

yovelTaTYs, viTarmed qalkidonisa krebasa esma, rom siZvirisaTYs fasiT

hyiddes mihronsa, amisTYs brZanes wmidaTa mamaTa, raATa ara xolo antio-

qias, aramed sxuaTaca eklesiaTa Sina wmida iqmnebodes mihroni. xolo

TYisagan qarTvelTaA sagonebel ars, viTarmed siSorisaTvis gzisa da romel

friad saSiS ars ucxo TeslTa Soris KmeliT antioqiiT qarTls warRebaA

wmidisa mihronisaA, amisTYs TYT adgilsa da dawesebul ars maTda kurTx-

evaA mihronisaA~.67

efrem mcires azriT, V saukuneSi 451 wlis qalkedonis krebis Semdeg,

yvela eklesias da maT Soris qarTulsac, neba daerTo adgilze mironis

kurTxevisa. asec rom ar yofiliyo, siSorisa da gzis siZnelis gamo miro-

nis transportireba Zalze Zneli iyo. ase rom, efremis Tanaxmad, V sauku-

nidanve mironi saqarTveloSive ekurTxeba.

sxva sakiTxia is anaqronizmebi da uxeSi qronologiuri Secdomebi, rom-

lebmac efremis naSromi TiTqmis gaugebari gaxada da amasTanave, saTave

daudo sxva Secdomebs saukuneTa manZilze.

marTalia, efrem mcire Tavisi drois udidesi da ubrwyinvalesi filol-

ogosi da mTargmnel-komentatori iyo, magram es mas ar avaldebulebda

aseTive masStabis istorikosi yofiliyo, rac Cans mis mier daweril naS-

romSi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis istoriis Sesaxeb.

efrem mcire IV-V saukuneTa Soris momxdari ambebis aRwerisas daeyrdno

antioqiuri ̀ xronografis~ cnobas, romelic man CarTo Tavis SromaSi. swored

amaSi mdgomareobda efremis Secdoma. qronografSi naTqvami iyo imperator

konstantine skoris, antioqiis patriarq Teofilaqtes, ierusalimis patriarq

orestis, basili mefis dros bizantiur da dasavlur qarTul eklesiaTa

Soris damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. Tanamedrove istoriografiis ganviTarebis

wyalobiT cnobilia, rom es mefe–patriarqebi moRvaweobdnen VIII-X saukuneeb-

Si, magram efremi fiqrobda, rom isini iyvnen IV-V saukuneTa moRvaweni.

amitomac efremma antioqiuri `xronografis~68 cnoba CarTo Tavisi istoriis

im nawilSi, romelic IV-V saukuneTa Soris momxdar ambebs Seexeboda.

basili mefe, romelsac exeba efremis mier gamoyenebuli cnoba, TiTqmis

efremis Tanamedrove iyo, misgan daaxloebiT naxevari saukuniT daSorebu-

li. magram efremis Sromidan aSkarad Cans, rom igi saubrobs ara Tavis

Tanamedrove pirze, aramed Zveli drois basilze.

rogorc Cans, X saukunis bolos da XI saukunis dasawyisSi swored

`arasruli avtokefaliis~ momxre antioqielma Teoretikosebma ̀ Seaswores~

da damatebebiT Seavses antioqiuri qronografi. efrem mcirem XI saukunis


Sua wlebSi moiZia es matiane, miiCnia IV-V saukuneTa qronikad da CarTo

Tavis naSromSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi ZvelTaganve damkvidrebuli iyo tradi-

ciuli gadmocema, romlis Tanaxmadac mironi gadmoedineboda sveticxovl-

idan, anu cxovelmyofeli xis gadanaWridan mcxeTaSi. amitomac, roca arsen

iyalToeli imeorebs efremis cnobas `...sasyidlad nivTTa wmidisa mihroni-

saTa eklesiasa antioqiisasa... drahkani aTasi~,69 igi, Cans, darwmunebulia,

rom qarTvelebi yidulobdnen ara TviT mirons, aramed misi Semzadebi-

saTvis saWiro surnelovan aromatul nivTierebas; xolo TviT mironis

Sezaveba-kurTxeva da damzadeba saqarTveloSive xdeboda. `antioqiuri

`xronografis~ Zvel slavur TargmanSic weria: `wmida mironis aromatis

SesaZenad~ da ara wmida mironis SesaZenad.70

mironis kurTxevis wesi aseTi yofila:

odes mefe, aTabagi, qarTlisa erisTavi, spasalari da yovelni erisTavni

da yovelni mRdelTmoZRuarni Semokrben mcxeTas, didsa xuTSabaTsa, didisa

somxiTisa mitrapolitsa, hmarTebs nivTTa zeda dgomad da quabni sakurTx-

evelTad gamoixunen da mitrapolitsa da qadagsa etYrTnes ketni quabTani.

winaTa ketTa mitrapoliti Seudges da ukanaTa qadagi. Tu mwirveli iyos,

TeTriTa SesamosliTa Semosil iyos, Tu mwirveli ara iyos, TeTrisa atla-

sisa CaCi Tavsa eburos moyuntuzvili; da meoreTa quabTa mTavarefiskoposi

queSe udges da wina mividodes da ukanaTa ketTa mawyuereli da ukana

mTavarefiskoposi mihyvebodes. da raJams ganazavebden takuksa, takuki mawyu-

erelsa etYrTos ki mawyuerelsa etvirTos da raJams ganazaon, takuki

qadagisa KeliTa daibeWdvodes. da yovelTa efiskoposTa TiToA kokaA mironisa

etYrTos...~.71

amave dokumentSi moxsenebulia mefe arCili da kaTalikosi miqaeli.

patriarq kalistrate cincaZis mier gamocemuli siis Tanaxmad,72 saqarTve-

los XV saukunemde sul ori arCili hyavda mefed _ arCil I (410-434), papa

vaxtang gorgasalisa da arCil II (668-718 ww.). am periodSi Cndeba ori

kaTalikosi miqaelic: miqael I (459-467 ww.), romelmac vaxtang gorgasals

kbilebi Caumtvria da miqael II (774-780ww.). marTalia, aRniSnul siaSi

dadasturebuli mefobis TariRebi miaxloebiTia, magram savsebiT naTelia,

rom jer arCil I mefobs, Semdeg kaTalikosobs miqael I, aseve arCil II-is

moRvaweobis wlebi uswrebs miqael II-is kaTalikosobis TariRs. dokumentSi,

romelsac ewodeba ̀ mironis kurTxevis wesi~, mefe arCili davalebas aZlevs

saeklesio pirs miqaels, Seadginos mironis kurTxevis gangeba, rasac miqae-

li garkveuli drois Semdeg asrulebs. is iZiebs, irkvevs mironis kurTxe-

vis wess da adgens gangebas mironis kurTxevis Zveli `niSnis~ Sesabamisad,

xolo dokumentis gamocemis dros is ukve kaTalikosia.

`didni SfoTni da amboxni iqmnebodes efiskoposTa cilobisagan da Rmr-

Tiv-gYrgYnosanma mefeman arCil ara saTno iCina amaT SfoTTa qmnad. da


gYbrZana gaCenad, viTa niSanTa Seetyueboda, da Kel-vyaviT me, glaxakman

miqael qarTlisa kaTalikozman da vakurTxeT wmidaA mironi...~73

ueWvelia, rom mironis kurTxevis es dokumenti Sedgenilia IX saukunemde,

amitomac igi sruliad abaTilebs azrs, rom qarTulma eklesiam mironis

kurTxevis neba miiRo IX saukuneSi. arsebobs mosazreba, rom es dokumenti

aris natyuari. unda iTqvas, rom natyuari sigeli, anda dokumenti SeiZleboda

SeedginaT raime kerZo, mcire adgil-mamulis da msgavsi sakiTxis Taobaze,

romlis Semowmeba saerTo-saxelmwifoebriv da sazogadoebriv interess ar

warmoadgenda. mironis kurTxevis saerTo saxalxo _ saxelmwifo mniS-

vnelobis ceremonialSi ki monawileobdnen saxelmwifos meTauri _ mefe,

qveynis yvela provinciaTa mmarTveli erisTavebi, kaTalikos-episkoposebi.

muSaobda mTeli saxelmwifo da saeklesio aparati, imarTeboda sagangebo

darbazoba, romelzec erisTavebi da episkoposebi sxdebodnen mtkiced gan-

sazRvruli wesiTa da rigiT. nuTu isini `natyuar~ dokuments iWerdnen

xelSi da imis mixedviT akurTxebdnen mirons? `xelmwifis karis garige-

bidan~ srulebiT aSkarad Cans, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba hqonda aseTi

saxelmwifoebrivi ceremoniis dros sagangebo wesebis dacvas. aseTive sax-

is dokumentia `kurTxeva mironisa~.

`mironis kurTxevis~ aRniSnuli dokumenti xelT hqoniaT erekle II-sa da

anton kaTalikoss, ris mixedviTac ganusazRvravT maT ninowmindelis pativi

da adgili darbazobis dros. es dokumenti erekles II-sa da anton I-s miaCniaT

im dros Sedgenilad, roca samefo anu sataxto qalaqi iyo ara Tbilisi,

aramed nisani da quTaTisi. amis gamo, weren isini, Tbileli episkoposis pativi

da Rirseba SedarebiT mcirea da is dgas episkoposTa rigis boloSio.

`tfileli ukue ganCinebasa mas Sina samefosa friad qvemore dgebodis,

anu jdebodis krebasa Sina, amisTvis romel samefo qalaqi ara iyo tfilisi

droTa mas Sina, aramed nisani da quTaTisi~.74

anton I-isa da erekles II-is mixedviT, mironis kurTxevis dokumenti

Sedgenili yofila VII-XI saukuneebSi, radganac mcxeTa dedaqalaqad araa

moxsenebuli, xolo XII saukunis Semdeg Tbilisi dedaqalaqia (saqarTve-

los dedaqalaqad Tbilisi iTvleboda V saukunidan arabebis mier dapy-

robamde, arabTa gandevnis Semdeg Tbilisi kvlav dedaqalaqia).

`sabuTi pirvelad T. Jordaniam gamoaqveyna (qronikebi, I, 1892, gv. 45-46).

igi fiqrobda, rom sabuTSi moxseniebuli ̀ mefe arCili~ unda iyos pirveli

(gard. 434 w.) da ara meore (gard. 718 w.), radgan ukanasknelis dros

miqael kaTalikozi ara sCans da arc dasajerebelia, rom VII-VIII saukunee-

bis arev-darevis dros amisTana kiTxvaze mocla SesaZlebeli yofiliyos;

arc didi ̀ somxiTis mitropoliti~ yofila VIII saukuneSi, magram radganac

aTabagi aris moxseniebuli darbazobaSi da sxvaca ramdenime arCil I

dros winaaRmdegni wes-wyobilebani, amiT safuZveli gveZleva vifiqroT, rom

`darbazobaSi~ droTa mixedviT, sxvadasxva cvlileba unda SemoeRoT.75


mironis kurTxevis ufleba qarTul eklesias IX saukunemde rom hqonia,

amis Sesaxeb wers `qarTlis cxovrebac~, saidanac Cans, rom qarTuli ek-

lesiis ZvelTaganve (V saukunidan) arsebuli mironis kurTxevis ufleba

VII saukuneSi, 681 wels, daudasturebia msoflio saeklesio krebas:

`...iqmna kreba meequse... amis krebisa mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesi-

isa saqarTvelosTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa

viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriaqoni, da iyos

kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana... am krebisa mier dagvimtki-

cebia patriarqad... xolo odesca enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa,

akurTxos Tvissa eklesiasa~.76

marTlac, amierkavkasiis yvela avtokefalur eklesias (igulisxmeba somx-

eTisa da albaneTis eklesiebi) VI-VII saukuneebSi mironis kurTxevis ufle-

ba hqonda miniWebuli. qarTuli eklesia ar SeiZleboda gamonaklisi yofil-

iyo, radganac swored somxuri wyaroebidan Cans, rom im droisaTvis igi

iseTive rangis avtokefaluri eklesiaa, rogoric somxuri da albanuri.

amitomacaa, rom efrem mcires Tanaxmad, romelsac yvela qarTuli wyaro

eTanxmeba, qarTvelebi mirons ukve V saukunidanve akurTxebdnen.

Cvens mecnierebaSi damkvidrebulia Tvalsazrisi, TiTqosda qarTulma

eklesiam `...mxolod IX saukunis 40-iani wlebidan miiRo misi damzadebis

ufleba ierusalimis patriarqisgan, risi iniciatori da saqmis momgvarebe-

li iyo awyuris episkoposi efremi...~.77

aseTi Tvalsazrisi ar aris misaRebi, radganac giorgi merCulis cnobis

araswor gaSifrvazea damokidebuli. giorgi merCule, Cans, werda _ ̀ rameTu

pirvelad a-sa kaTalikosTa mihroni ierusalimT mohyvanda, xolo efrem

qristesmieriTa brZanebiTa mihronis kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa ierusali-

mis patriarqisa ganwesebiT da wamebiTa sixaruliT. aramed qarTlad fri-

adi qveyana aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis

da locva yoveli aResrulebis~...78 am cnobaSi Semdegdroindel gadamwers

sworad ver gauxsnia qaragma à-sa~. qaragma à-sa~ konteqstis mixedviT,

unda gaixsnas ̀ afxazeTisa~, maSin azri naTeli da sruliad gasagebi gaxde-

ba. mwerali wers _ Tavidan afxazeTis kaTalikosebs mironi ierusalimi-

dan mohqondaT, efremis SemweobiT ki afxazeTisaTvis saWiro mironis kurTxeva

gadawyda qarTlSi. radganac, afxazeTi, anu dasavleTi saqarTvelo qarTlia,

qarTuli eklesiis nawilia, radganac wirva-locva aq qarTul enaze war-

moebs. azri sruliad naTeli da gasagebia.

amJamad ki, roca nacvlad afxazeTisa ikiTxeba àRmosavlisa~, qaragmis

araswori gaxsnis gamo, azri dabnelebuli, uSinaarso da arasworia _ TiTqosda

aRmosavleTis qveynebis sakaTalikosoebs Tavdapirvelad mironi ierusalim-

idan mihqondaT. es sruliad mrude azri ar SeiZleba iyos giorgi merCulis


dednisa, radganac giorgi merCule aris sruliad sando, ganaTlebuli, moazrovne

moRvawe. saqme isaa, rom I saukunis 70-ian wlebSi ierusalimi mTlianad

daangries da mis adgilze erTi mcire sofeliRa aRmocenda saukunis Semdeg.

IV saukuneSi elenem da konstantine romis imperatorma es qalaqi aRadgines,

magram misi episkoposi im dros eqvemdebareboda xan antioqiis episkoposs,

xan ki kesaria-palestinis episkoposs. mxolod V saukuneSi qalkedonis

krebis Semdeg gamovida ierusalimis episkoposi kesaria-palestinis episko-

posis daqvemdebarebisgan da gadaiqca sapatriarqo eklesiad.

amitomac I-V saukuneebSi aRmosavleTis qveynebis sakaTalikosoebi mirons

ierusalimidan ver waiRebdnen. I saukunis 70-ian wlebamde, roca qalaqi

ierusalimi arsebobda, maSin aRmosavleTis sakaTalikosoebi ar arsebobdnen.

xolo Semdeg saukuneebSi ierusalimi ar iyo arc saeklesio da arc saerTa-

Soriso mniSvnelobis qristianuli centri. aseTi iyo mTeli aRmosavleTi-

saTvis mxolod antioqia, amitomac SeiZleba marTalia efrem mcire, roca

wers, rom antioqiis sapatriarqoSi ekurTxeboda mironi da sxvagan arsado.

Tu ̀ aRmosavalisas~ qveS vigulisxmebT qarTlis kaTalikosebs, maSin swored

`qarTlisa~ unda daewera kidec avtors, miT umetes, rom ramdenime sityvis

Semdeg naxsenebia sityva `qarTli~.

magram konteqstidan Cans, rom am cnobaSi laparakia axladSeqmnili

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos mier mironis miRebis Sesaxeb, kerZod, Tavidan

afxazeTis kaTalikoss mironi ierusalimidan mihqonda, xolo Semdeg ganewesa,

rom afxazeTis sakaTalikosos mironi mieRo ara ierusalimidan, aramed

qarTlis sakaTalikosodan, radganac afxazeTis qveyana (e.i. das. saqarTve-

lo) qarTlis qveynis nawilia, xolo afxazeTis sakaTalikoso qarTlis

sakaTalikosos, anu erTiani qarTuli eklesiis nawilia, radganac `...qarT-

lad friadi qveyana aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami

Seiwirvis da locva yoveli aResrulebis~.

giorgi merCules axali araferi uTqvams, radganac dasavleT saqarTve-

los ukve mefe farnavazis droidanve uwodebdnen qarTls _ mdinare egrisw-

ylis aRmosavleTiT mimdebare qveyanas, vidre albaneTis sazRvramde.

giorgi merCules cnobidan iseTi daskvna unda gamovitanoT, rom afxaze-

Tis sakaTalikoso daarsebis Semdeg, e.i. 720-iani wlebidan, mirons iRebda

ierusalimis sapatriarqodan, xolo 840-ian wlebSi is mirons iRebda ukve

mcxeTidan _ msoflio marTlmadideblobis dasturiT.

marTlac, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso 830 wels cno qarTlis (tao-klarje-

Tis) samefo karma da albaT qarTlis (mcxeTis) sapatriarqomac, maleve am

cnobis Semdeg is mirons mcxeTidan iRebs _ e.i. afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi

mironi ar ekurTxeboda, dasavleT saqarTveloSi mironi mcxeTidan mihqon-

daT, qarTuli eklesiis erTianobis niSnad.


xolo rac Seexeba mcxeTas _ aq mironi V saukunidanve ekurTxeboda.

ismis aseTi kiTxva _ ratom mihqondaT afxazeTSi mironi ierusalimidan

IX saukunis 40-ian wlebamde? roca dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispireTis,

abazgiis avtokefaluri saarqiepiskoposos da foTis samitropolitos gaer-

Tianebis Semdeg warmoqmnilma eklesiam xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo gawyvi-

ta kavSiri konstantinopolis sapatriarqosTan, axalma eklesiam konstanti-

nopolTan kavSiris gawyvetis Semdeg, Cans kavSiri daamyara ierusalimis

sapatriarqosTan.

arsebobs msgavsi magaliTic: roca goTeTis eklesiam VIII saukunis pirv-

el naxevarSi konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi warmoqmnili xatmebrZoluri

eresis gamo kavSiri gawyvita konstantinopolTan, goTeTis mTavari episko-

posi ierusalimSi Cavida kurTxevisaTvis da iq sami weli eloda kurTxevas

(ix. `cxovreba ioane guTelisa~).

ioane guTeli antioqiis sapatriarqoSi ar mivida im mizezis gamo, rom

antioqieli patriarqebi arabTa Semosevebis gamo ara antioqiaSi, aramed

konstantinopolSi imyofebodnen im dros.

aseve, abazgiis saarqiepiskopososa da fazisis samitropolitos gaer-

TianebiT Seqmnilma axalma eklesiam, romelsac Semdgom afxazeTis sakaTa-

likoso ewoda, VIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi xatmebrZolobis gamo kavSi-

ri gawyvita konstantinopolTan da daamyara ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan.

aRsaniSnavi da yuradsaRebia, rom ierusalimis sapatriarqoSi goTeTis

episkoposi ar akurTxes da is qarTlSi (iberiaSi, mcxeTaSi) ekurTxa qarT-

lis kaTalikosis xeliT. ioane goTelis mcxeTaSi kurTxevis Sesaxeb berZnuli

wyaroebic miuTiTeben. aseve srulebiT msgavsia da eTanxmeba aRniSnul

faqts is, rom afxazeTis eklesiis mimarTac aseve moqceula ierusalimis

sapatriarqo.

msgavsad goTeTis damoukidebeli eklesiisa, afxazeTis eklesiac iberiis

_ qarTlis eklesiisaTvis dauqvemdebarebia ierusalimis sapatriarqos.

Cans, ierusalimsa da qarTul eklesias Soris im dros kargi urTierToba

arsebobda.

cnoba ioane guTelisa da afxazeTis mcxeTaze damokidebulebis Sesaxeb

erTmaneTis msgavsia. ierusalimis sapatriarqos nebiT, afxazeTisaTvis saWiro

mironi mcxeTas (qarTlSi) ekurTxeba, aseve ierusalimis sapatriarqodan

mosuli ioane guTelic mcxeTaSi ekurTxeba.

unda davaskvnaT, rom mironi mcxeTaSi V saukunidanve ekurTxeba, xolo

daaxloebiT 720-830 wlebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos is nawili, romelic

ufro adre konstantinopolze iyo damokidebuli, mirons ierusalimidan

iRebda, xolo amis Semdeg mcxeTidan.


afxazeTi da tao-klarjeTiqarTvelTa erovnuli konsolidaciis kerebi

Tanamedrove istoriografiaSi miRebuli TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli erovnebis

formireba dasrulebula XI saukuneSi.79 gansxvavebiT Zveli qarTuli istorio-

grafiisagan, romelsac miaCnia, rom qarTuli erovnuli erToba farnavazis

saxelmwifos Seqmnis dros ukve arsebobda.

IX-X saukuneSi, da saerTod arabTa batnobis Semdeg mkvlevarTa Tval-

sazrisiT, qarTuli erovnebis formirebisa da qarTveluri tomebis konsol-

idaciis kerebi yofila tao-klarjeTi da afxazeTi.80

g. wulaias azriT, afxazeTis samefos Seqmna yofila qarTveluri tomebis

konsolidaciis erT-erTi etapi: «ÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

ÍÍÍÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ, ÍÍÍÍÍ `ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ~ ÍÍ

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍ, ÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ. ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍ-

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ«.81

sainteresoa, rogori eTnikuri Semadgenlobisa iyo qarTveluri tomebis

konsolidaciis kerebi _ tao-klarjeTi da afxazeTi.

tao-klarjeTis eTnikuri Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb Tanamedrove mkvlevarTa

Soris n. maris Semdeg, azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs. ̀ qarTlis cxovrebisa~

da sxva wyaroTa mixedviT, tao-klarjeTi da saerTod samxreT saqarTvelo

mudam qarTvelebis qveyanaa. Tanamedrove mkvlevarebi midian daskvnamde, rom

tao-klarjeTis aborigeni mosaxleoba iyo Wanur-megruli, rac srulebiT ar

ewinaaRmdegeba Zvel qarTul wyaroebs. Tavis droze niko marma, Tavisi cno-

bili daskvnebidan gamomdinare, ganacxada, rom tao-klarjeTi TiTqosda somx-

uri qveyana iyo, xolo am mxareSi qalkedonitTa gamarjvebis wyalobiT am

mxaris mosaxleoba gaqarTvelda _ TiTqosda saqarTvelo gamdidrda tao-

klarjeTis mosaxloebiT.

tao-klarjeTi mudam qarTvelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, is qarTlis samefo-

Si Semavali qveyana iyo. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, qarTloss mieca

qveyana, romlis samxreTi sazRvari gadis mTaze, romelic `mihyvebis dasav-

liT, kerZo, romlisa wyali gardmodis CrdiloT kerZo da mierTvis mtkuar-

sa, romel mihyvebis mTaSoris klarjeTsa da taos vidre zRuamdis~,82 ̀ oZr-

Koss misca tasiskariTgan vidre zRuamde sperisa, qveyana kldovani. aman

oZrKos aRaSena orni cixe-qalaqi; ozZrKe da Tuxarisi~,83 `javaxoss misca

fanavriTgan vidre Tavadmde mtkuarisa da aman javaxos aRaSena... qalaqi

artanisa, romalsac... hqYan huri, 84 farnavaz `movida klarjeTs da daipyra

klarjeTi~.85 farnavaz `JamiTi-Jamad mividis egriss da klarjeTs, moikiTx-

nis megrelni da klarjni~.86 `andria moaqcivna megrelni da warvida gzasa

klarjeTisasa~.87


meTormete mefe farsmanis dros somxeTis samefom SemoierTa qarTlis

sasazRvro qveynebi. mefis Zem arzokma ganizraxa `Zieba sazRvarTa qarTli-

saTa~. `da iyo klarjeTis erisTavi arzuk mefisa, ... da igi avnebdis sazR-

varTa somxiTisaTa, queyanasa parxlisasa, romel ars tao, da vervin Sevido-

da mavne klarjeTs...~.88 imperatori konstantine ubrZanebs episkopos ioanes:

`sadaca jer iCino adgilTa qarTlisaTa, aRaSenen eklesiani~. `da warmovi-

da episkoposi... da viTar moiwivnes adgilsa, romelsa hqYan eruSeTi da

dautevna xuroni saqmeT eklesiisa~.89 vaxtang gorgaslis ymawvilobis dros

osebs `daurCes warutyuenvelad Kevni qarTlsani: kaxeTi da klarjeTi da

egrisi~.90 gorgasalma daniSna àrtavaz, erisTavi klarjeTisa~.91 vaxtangma

`dasua erTi episkoposad klarjeTs eklesiasa axizisasa, erTi artans eruSeTs~.92

herakle keisris dros `kualad wariRs berZenTa sazRvari qarTlisa; speri

da bolo klarjeTisa, zRvispiri. da Svilni stefanozisni darCes `kldeTa

Sina klarjeTisaTa~.93 arCil mefem qali èrTi misca mamis Zmiswulsa missa,

Svilsa guaram kurapalatisasa, romelsac hqonda klarjeTi da javaxeTi~.94

moyvanili amonaweridan Cans, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, mefe

farnavazidan vidre mefe arCilamde, samxreTi saqarTvelo da tao-klarje-

Ti mudam qarTlis samefoSi Semavali qveyanaa, Tumca, zogjer saberZneTi da

somxeTi TavianT samefoebs uerTeben qarTlis am qveyanas. magram am dros

rogorc qarTlis samefo xelisuflebis, aseve adgilobrivi qarTvelebis

mizania, gaaTavisuflon es qveynebi da daubrunon qarTls. sarwmunoebriva-

dac qarTlis `xevTagan~ pirveli swored klarjeTi (da egrisi) iRebs

qristianobas. andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga ara marto klarjeTSi, aramed

taoSic.95 berZeni episkoposi, romelsac nabrZanebi aqvs qarTlis sxvadasxva

kuTxeebSi aaSenos eklesiebi, pirvel eklesias aSenebs tao-klarjeTSi. vax-

tang gorgasali ki ukve klarjeTSi niSnavs episkoposs. klarjeTis mosax-

leobas, `klarjebs~, moikiTxavs xolme mefe farnavazi. klarjebi qarTlis,

anu Tavis mamulis moyvaruli patriotebi, kargi meomrebi arian: `mkYdrni

klarjeTisani iyvnes kacni mkYrcxni da mKedarnica~.96 roca qarTlis same-

fos mosazRvre somxeTis saxelmwifom sasazRvro teritoriebi CamoaWra,

ver SeZlo klarjeTis dapyroba _ klarjebis mamacobisa da mamuliSvilo-

bis gamo, piriqiT, klarjeTis erisTavi Tavisi meomrebiT am mezobeli sax-

elmwifos sazRvrebSi iWreba, mitacebuli teritoriebis qarTlis samefos-

aTvis dabrunebis mizniT.97 aqedan Cans, rom `klarjni~ qarTveli eris

nawilia, cxovroben qarTvelTa samefoSi da erTgulad icaven mas.

aseTive mdgomareoba iyo dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ àfxazeTSi~. dasav-

leT saqarTvelos eTnografiuli saxe `msgavsi~ iyo tao-klarjeTis eTno-

grafiuli saxisa.

xazgasmiT aRsaniSnavia da friad mniSvnelovani qarTveli eris Camoyal-

ibebis istoriisaTvis, rom swored tao-klarjeTi da afxazeTi, eTnografiu-


li saxiT TiTqosda araerTgvarovanni, iqcnen ̀ qarTvelTa erovnebis formire-

bisa~ da qarTveluri tomebis `konsolidaciis~ kerebad. TiTqosda `qarTu-

li erovnebis~ Camoyalibebisa da Seqmnis kera unda yofiliyo Sida qarTli,

romelic eTnografiuli saxiT erTgvarovani iyo da Sedgeboda mxolod

qarTebisagan, magram IX-X saukuneebSi, qarTuli erovnebis formirebis pro-

cesSi yvelaze naklebad swored Sida qarTli monawileobs (arabTagan dapy-

robis gamo). am saqmeSi aqtiuri roli akisria tao-klarjeTs da afxazeTs. im

gasaocar faqts, rom qarTuli erovnebis erTobis idea da qarTveluri tome-

bis konsolidacia moxda im kuTxeebSi, romelnic eTnografiulad TiTqosda

araerTgvarovanni iyvnen, SeiZleba movuZebnoT erTaderTi mizezi: ukve IX

saukuneSi da manamdec Camoyalibebuli iyo erTiani qarTveli eri, romlis

sacxovrissac warmoadgenda rogorc dasavleT saqarTvelo, aseve tao-klar-

jeTi. sinamdvileSi es mxareebi eTnikurad erTgvarovanni iyvnen.

IX-XI saukuneebSi tao-klarjeTisa da afxazeTis qarTul-erovnuli aqti-

uroba, am mxareebSi qarTul-kulturuli aRorZineba gamowveuli iyo ara

imiT, rom iq axlad Camoyalibda erovnuli erTobis grZnoba, aramed imiT,

rom qarTveli eris erovnuli centrebi _ mcxeTa da Tbilisi, aseve Sida

qarTli, arabTagan iyo dapyrobili da iq SeuZlebeli iyo erovnuli kerebis

arseboba. amitomac, erovnul centrebad iqca qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli is

kuTxeebi, romlebzedac mters naklebad miuwvdeboda xeli. es iyo, swored,

tao-klarjeTi da afxazeTi, miT umetes, rom am mxareebSi gadainacvla

qarTveli eris politikurma centrebma. arabTagan qveynis dapyrobasa da

qarTlis samefos ganadgurebas unda gamoewvia ara `qarTuli erovnebis

formirebis dasruleba~, aramed, piriqiT, qarTvelebis denacionalizacia,

radganac arabTa batonobas iseTi didi xalxis `denacionalizaciac~ ki

gamouwvevia, rogoric iyvnen iranelebi.98 g. wulaias gamokvlevis Tanaxmad,

qarTvel erovnebas saxelmwifoebriobis likvidaciisa (VI s.) da arabTagan

dapyrobis Semdeg (VII s.) `Zalze maRali done hqonia eTnikuri konsolidaci-

isa~,99 advili misaxvedria, Tuki qarTvelobas erovnuli saxelmwifos gauqmeb-

is Semdegac ki erovnuli konsolidaciis done Zalze maRali hqonda, kidev

ufro maRali iqneboda qarTvelTa eTnikuri konsolidaciis done erovnuli

saerTo qarTuli saxelmwifos arsebobis dros. swored amas miuTiTebs da-

JinebiT `qarTlis cxovreba~. mefe farnavazidan (III s. qristes win) vidre

vaxtang gorgaslis Svilebamde (VI) qarTvel ers uwyvetad hqonda erovnuli

saxelmwifo, romlis SemadgenlobaSic uciloblad Sedioda rogorc dasavle-

Ti (Semdgomdroindeli `afxazeTi~), ise samxreT saqarTvelo (tao-klarjeTi).

cxadia, qarTuli eTnikuri konsolidaciis done erovnuli saxelmwifos

ganadgurebis Semdeg Semcirdeboda, da Tu igi mainc inarCunebda pirvandel

saxes, es imaze miuTiTebs, rom qarTuli erovnuli erToba erovnuli saxelm-

wifos arsebobis dros kidev ufro maRali iqneboda, rac qarTveli eris

arsebobis safuZvels qmnida.100


qarTuli tomebis integraciis erT-erTi maCvenebeli qarTuli damwerlo-

bis Seqmnac yofila.101 ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, qarTuli mwignobroba

Seiqmna erTiani saqarTvelos mefis, farnavazis dros. iv. javaxiSvilis

azriT, qarTuli damwerloba saTaves iRebs VII-VI saukuneebSi qristes win,

xolo r. patariZis ganmokvlevis Tanaxmad, qarTuli damwerloba Seqmnila

V saukuneSi qristes win.

fuZeqarTuli enobrivi erTobis daSla swored qristemde, VIII-IV sauku-

neebSia mosalodneli. ase rom, im dros, rodesac qarTvelebma Seqmnes

qarTuli anbani (anda SemoiRes finikiuri anbani TavianTi enobrivi saWiroe-

bisaTvis), jer kidev ar yofilan formirebulni qarTebi da megrelebi, jer

kidev arsebobda maTi enobrivi erToba. damwerlobis SemoReba kidev ufro

Seuwyobda xels rogorc fuZe-qarTulenovani tomebis integracias, agreTve

farnavazis mier erTiani saxelmwifos Seqmnasac, romlis SemadgenlobaSi

Sedioda rogorc dasavleTi, aseve samxreT saqarTvelo, Semdeg afxazeTad

da tao-klarjeTad wodebuli miwebi.

am saukuneebSi (IV-III saukune qristes win) megruli ena naklebad iqnebo-

da formirebuli rogorc damoukidebeli ena; SesaZloa, is yofiliyo di-

aleqti fuZeqarTuli enisa; fuZeqarTuli ki jer kidev mis saboloo daSlamde

iqca saxelmwifo da kultis msaxurebis enad. fuZeqarTuli ena da Zveli

qarTuli saliteraturo ena erTi da igive unda iyos.

samegreloSi saSualo da maRali fenebi (samRvdeloeba da aristokra-

tia) saxelmwifoebrivi, sakulto da xSirad saojaxo saWiroebisaTvis iy-

enebdnen ara megrul, aramed qarTul saxelmwifo da kultis msaxurebis

enas _ Zvel qarTul saliteraturo enas. Cans, megruli, rogorc damoukide-

beli ena, mxolod SemdegSi, saukuneTa manZilze Camoyalibda. es unda momx-

dariyo pirvel aTaswleulSi qristes Sobis Semdeg. swored egrisisaTvis

sparseT-bizantiis omebi, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos gauqmeba (VI sauku-

neSi), romlis SemadgenlobaSi yovelTvis Sedioda egrisi, arabTa Semoseva

VII saukuneSi, VII saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTis aneq-

sia bizantiis mier da iq berZnuli eklesiis gabatoneba xels Seuwyobda

megruli dialeqtis gadaqcevas damoukidebel enad. es procesi SemdgomSic,

qarTuli saxelmwifos saboloo daSlis merec gaRrmavdeboda. ase rom,

arabTa mier qarTuli erovnuli (arCilis) saxelmwifos dangreva xels ki

ar Seuwyobda qarTveli erovnebis formirebis saqmes, piriqiT, saxelmwifos

daSla eris daSlas da erovnul gadagvarebas ganapirobebda. amas adas-

turebs ioane sabanisZe, romelic `abo Tbilelis wamebaSi~ aRniSnavs, rom

qarTvelni am mZime dros iseve meryevni arian, rogorc lerwamni qariSx-

lis droso. magram faqtia, rom arabTa batonobis odnavi SesustebisTanave

yofili qarTlis samefos periferiebSi (radganac centri dapyrobili iyo)

_ dasavleT saqarTvelosa da tao-klarjeTSi _ ganviTarda da swrafad


ayvavda qarTuli erovnuli kultura, erovnuli TviTSegnebis grZnoba, erovnuli

saxelmwifoebrioba. amis mizezi iyo is, rom arabTa Semosevamde gacilebiT

adre rogorc dasavleT, ise samxreT saqarTvelos mcxovrebni erovnulad

qarTvelebi iyvnen da maT amis Segneba hqondaT. swored am mizezis gamo

qarTuli erovnuli centrebi arabTa mier aRmosavleT saqarTvelos dapy-

robis dros gadavida dasavleT da samxreT saqarTveloSi. swored afxaze-

Ti da tao-klarjeTi qarTveli eris politikur centrebad iqca, erovnuli

saxelmwifoebrioba aRdga, qarTuli kultura ayvavda. im dros, roca aRmo-

savleT saqarTvelo (qarTuli erovnebis ̀ birTvi~), arabTa mier iyo dapyro-

bili da iqauri qarTvelebi erovnul gadagvarebas ganicdidnen, qarTuli

erovnuli erTobis, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisa da kulturis kerad afx-

azeTi imitom iqca, rom arabTa Semosevamde didi xniT adre dasavleTi

saqarTvelo ukve qarTuli qveyanaa, romlis mcxovrebT qarTvelebi ewode-

baT. g. wulaias azriT, jer kidev Cveni welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi qarTve-

luri tomebis integracia iTvlida araerT aswleuls.102 amave Tvalsazriss

adasturebs `qarTlis cxovrebac~.

ZvelqarTuli erovnebis konsolidaciis axali etapi dawyebula qristi-

anobis saxelmwifo religiad gadaqcevis Semdeg.103 qarTul enaze werilobi-

Ti literaturis Seqmna qarTvelTa eTnikuri konsolidaciis maRali donis

niSani yofila.104 TviT sakuTriv afxazeTSic ki, e.i. egriswylisa da klisu-

ras iqiT mdebare teritoriaze, qarTul werilobiT kulturas xangrZlivi

istoria hqonia jer kidev qarTuli miwebis gaerTianebisaTvis moZraobis

dawyebis adreul etapze, miT umetes qarTul werilobiT kulturas gac-

ilebiT ufro xangrZlivi istoria eqneboda egrisSi, anu dasavleT saqarTvelo-

Si, saidanac es kultura gavrceldeboda sakuTriv afxazeTSi. saukuneTa

manZilze, arabTa Semosevamde, egrisi politikurad `qarTlis samefos~ Se-

madgenel nawilad miiCneoda.

«... ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍoÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ, ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ, ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ

Í ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ. ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ...

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ-ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ, Í Í ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

ÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ«.105

qarTuli istoriuli tradicia jer kidev afxazTa samefos Seqmnamde dasav-

leT saqarTvelos _ egrisis mcxovrebT miiCnevda qarTlis samefos mcxovre-

blebad _ ̀ naTesaviT qarTvelebad~. mematianeebma ician, rom afxazeTis samefos

SeqmniT dasavleT saqarTvelos erovnuli Semadgenloba ar Secvlila _ Se-

icvala mxolod da mxolod qveynis saxelwodeba. dasavleTi saqarTvelo, anu

afxazeTi da samxreTi saqarTvelo, anu tao-klarjeTi, ara marto politikurad

da kulturulad, aramed eTnikuradac qarTuli qveynebi iyvnen.


swored am mizezis gamo iqcnen eTnografiulad `araerTgvarovani~ afx-

azeTi da tao-klarjeTi qarTuli erovnuli formireba – konsolidaciis

kerebad. sinamdvileSi es qveynebi eTnikurad erTgvarovanni iyvnen da maTi

mcxovrebni erovnulad qarTvelebs miakuTvnebdnen TavianT Tavs ZvelTa-

ganve _ ZvelqarTuli saxelmwifos arsebobis dros.

IX-X saukuneebamde gacilebiT adre dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas

qarTvelebad miiCnevdnen ara marto qarTveli, aramed ucxoeli istorikose-

bic. V-VI saukuneTa ucxoeli istorikosebi xSirad uwodebdnen dasavleT

saqarTvelos iberias.106

qarTuli eklesiis Tavdadebuli Rvawli pirvelimahmadianuri Semotevis winaaRmdeg

(wmida abo Tbileli, wmida daviTi da konstantine,(wmida abo Tbileli, wmida daviTi da konstantine,(wmida abo Tbileli, wmida daviTi da konstantine,(wmida abo Tbileli, wmida daviTi da konstantine,(wmida abo Tbileli, wmida daviTi da konstantine,

wmida arCil mefe, wmida miqael gobroni,wmida arCil mefe, wmida miqael gobroni,wmida arCil mefe, wmida miqael gobroni,wmida arCil mefe, wmida miqael gobroni,wmida arCil mefe, wmida miqael gobroni,

wmida konstantine qarTveli)wmida konstantine qarTveli)wmida konstantine qarTveli)wmida konstantine qarTveli)wmida konstantine qarTveli)

saqarTvelos, rogorc mTlian eTnokulturul erTeuls, mahmadianobam

Semoutia orjer. pirveli Semoteva daiwyo VII saukuneSi, mahmadianuri

sarwmunoebis warmoSobisTanave da gagrZelda TiTqmis XII saukunemde, xolo

meored _ mahmadianobam saqarTvelos Semoutia XV-XVIII saukuneebSi. am or

SemotevaTa Sua, XI-XIV saukuneebSi, qarTvelma xalxma SeZlo Tavisi qveynis

politikuri gaerTianeba, saqarTvelos Zlier saxelmwifod daarseba, romelic

agresorTagan icavda sakuTar da saqarTvelos mfarvelobis qveS myof

xalxebs. VII-VIII saukuneebSi ̀ ganefina qadageba mahmad usjulosa da mrava-

li eri Seudga mas~,107 saqarTvelos mezoblad mcxovrebi mravali qris-

tiani xalxi gamahmadianda, ris gamoc dakarga Tavisi eTnikuri saxe da

gadagvarda. siriel xalxs gaaCnda didi warsuli, kultura da TavisTavadi

saxe. gamahmadianebis Semdeg ki TandaTanobiT gaarabda. siriuli qristian-

uli literatura gansaxilvel epoqaSi iseTive Rrma da mdidari iyo,

rogorc berZnuli qristianuli literatura. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani

danakargi iyo qristianobisaTvis saqarTvelos mezoblad mcxovrebi al-

baneli xalxis gadagvareba gamahmadianebis Semdeg. igive bedi eweoda Cvens

ersac, Tuki medgar winaaRmdegobas ar gauwevda maxviliT mosul mters da

mis sarwmunoebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom mahmadianobis zemoaRniSnulma pirvelma

Semotevam mniSvnelovnad daaziana Cveni erovnul-kulturuli sxeuli,

saqarTvelom dakarga Tavisi zogierTi istoriuli provincia samxreT-aR-

mosavleTiT am kuTxeTa erovnuli gadagvarebis gamo.


qariSxlis siswrafiT SeiWrnen muslimebi bizantiur miwa-wyalze. 634

wlis Semdeg sul ramdenime weliwadSi daipyres siria, palestina da

egvipte. es qveynebi manamde bizantias ekuTvnoda, 640-ian wlebSi daeca

irani. Cveni mematianis TvalsazrisiT, dacema daaCqara iman, rom iqamde

herakle keisars sastikad mouoxrebia irani. ̀ rameTu vinaiTgan Sesrul iyo

erakle mefe sparseTs da ganeryuna sparseTi, da arRaravin iyo winaaRmdgo-

mi sparseTs, agarianman daipyra sparseTi~.108

bizantiis aRmosavluri qveynebis mosaxleoba, romelTac tradiciuli

siZulvili gaaCndaT bizantielTa mimarT eTnikuri da sarwmunoebrivi gan-

sxvavebulobis gamo, ar uwevda winaaRmdegobas arabebs. wyaroebSi aRniS-

nulia, rom siria-palestinis fanatikosi monofiziti berebic ki masobrivad

tovebdnen monastrebs da arabul laSqars uerTdebodnen. amis Semdeg

gasakviri ar aris, Tu am qveynebis bevri qalaqis kari ubrZolvelad ixsne-

boda arabebis winaSe.109 herakle keisarma miatova aRmosavleTis qveynebi.

vinme erT monazons misTvis uTqvams: `ivltodeT, rameTu ufalman misca

aRmosavleTi da samxreTi sarkinozTa~.110

sayovelTao SiSis dros, roca TviT qristiani monofiziti berebic ki

sasoebiT Sehyurebdnen arabebs, viTarca uflis nebis aRmsruleblebs, qarTuli

eklesia, misi moweseTa dasi, ber-monazvnoba mxneobas aniWebda qarTvel ers,

sityviT da saqmiT aZlevda mahmadianebTan brZolis saocar magaliTebs.

yvela qristiani da araqristiani morwmunisaTvis cnobili iyo, Tu ras niSnav-

da abraamis memkvidreoba, RvTisagan rCeuli eris Sviloba. msoflio arenaze

arabTa warmatebuli gamosvla CaiTvala imis niSnad, rom RvTisagan arCeul

abraamis Zes, ismailsac, daubruna ufalma rCeuloba, rom ismailitebic abraamis

STamomavalni, RvTisagan rCeulebi arian. aqedan gamomdinare, maTi sarwmuneobac

RvTismieria da RvTis nebiT imarjveben mTels qveyanaze. miiRes kidec muhamedis

mier qadagebuli sarwmunoeba siriisa da palestinis qristianma xalxebma, iranisa

da maxlobeli aRmosavleTis cecxlTayvanismcemlebma.

arabTa aseTi sarwmunoebrivi Zlevamosilebis fonze cis quxiliviT gais-

ma abraamis STamomavali arabi abos mier qristes sarwmunoebisaTvis Tavis

gawirva. wmida mama grigol xanZTeli werda:

` m k v i dr ad aRT q m i s a ga m o brwy i n d id a Z e d z e c i s a C i n e bul ad iwod en aSo b a d a b r a h a m i s ai q m e n s a n a tr elo i s a a k m e or en e b s i T m o g v r il i d a k vl a dS e s awi r a v a d ufli s a~. 111

wmida abo Tbilelis Rvawli WeSmaritad samagaliTo iyo abos arabuli

warmoSobis gamo. rogorc abraamma Seswira ufals isaaki da dasaklavad


miiyvana uflis sakurTxevelTan, aseve abo Tbilelma, meore isaakma, abraamis

Zem, Tavisi STamomavlobis gamo, Tavi Tvisi nebiT Sewira ufals. stefane

sananois Ze _ Wyondideli episkoposi mouwodebda msoflios yvela ers

qarTvelebTan erTad misuliyvnen da exilaT abo Tbilelis qristesTvis

moRvaweoba _ ̀ yovelni Teslni movediT mkvidrTa Tana qarTlisaTa dRes, da

ixileT Rvawlisa mZle habo ganSuenebuli brwyinvaled sisxliTa wamebisaA-

Ta~.112 wmida abom Tavisi sisxliT ganwmida eri da qveyana. `ganswmide

qarTli sisxliTa SeniTa daTxeviTa, mowameo~.113 abos galobaSi naTqvamia _

`aRavso man eklesiaA nelsacxebeliTa surnelebiTa da wmida yo eri madl-

iTa saRmToATa~.114

qarTulma eklesiam, da saerTod qarTvelobam, SeZlo Seuryeveli dacva

qristianuli sarwmunoebisa, Tumc ki _ ̀ mravalni SeacTunnes da gardadriknes

gzisagan simarTlisa... naSobni qristianeTani gardagularZnnes, romelnime

mZlavrebiT, romelnime SetyuviliT, romelnime siyrmesa Sina umecrebiT,

romelnime mzakvrebiT da sxvani, romelni ese varT morwmuneni mZlavrebasa

queSe damonebulni da naklulevanebiTa da siglaxakiTa Sekrulni viTarca

rkiniTa, xarksa queSe maTsa guemulni da qenjnilni Zvir-Zvirad zRveulni

SiSiTa ganilevian da iryevian viTarca lerwamni qarTagan ZlierTa, aramed

qristes siyvaruliTa da SiSiTa, Cveulebisaebr mamulisa svlisa WirTa

moTminebiTa ara ganeSorebian _ mxolod Sobilsa Zesa RmrTisasa~.115

am dros (e.i VIII s-Si) qarTvelebi _ `xuTasis wlisa JamTa da uwinaresRa

sjuldebul yofil arian wmidiTa madliTa naTlisRebisaATa~. swored aseT

dros _ `Jamsa amas oden mefobisa ismaitelTa didebisa _ Sen nebsiT

simdable qristesTvis aRirCie da maxviliTa pyrobili igi sjuli ganagde

da WeSmariti igi aRiare~, _ mimarTavs abo Tbilels ioane sabanisZe. `gana

es qristianobis zneobrivi Zlierebis saucxovo damamtkicebeli sabuTi ar

iyo, Tu rom TviT arabma TavisiT, Zaldautanebliv, mahmadianoba qristianoba-

ze gascvala? mahmadianobas ki arabebi ZaliT avrcelebdnen, amitomac igi

`maxviliTa pyrobili Sjuli iyo~... am garemoebam `swavlulni ufrois

gulisxmier~ hyo da Caafiqra, ̀ Seryeulni ufrois ganamtkica~ da gaamxneva,

xolo `ganmtkicebulni `gaamxiarula da gaaxara~.116 abos xseneba iyo 7

ianvars. uwamebiaT 786-790 wlebSi. wmida grigol xanZTeli Tavis locvaSi,

romelic man `cremliT warTqva~ xanZTis saxelovani taZris Senebisas,

mowameebs uwodebs eklesiis burjsa da zRudes. winaswarmetyvelni, mo-

ciqulni, mowameni da Rirsi mamebi _ `ese oTx-kerZo krebuli... simtkice

eqmnnes wmidaTa SenTa eklesiaTa~117 _ loculobda igi macxovris winaSe.

eklesiis siqadulsa da erisaTvis misabaZ magaliTs warmoadgenda qrist-

esTvis Tavdadebul qarTvel mefeTa mowamebrivi Rvawli arabTa Semosevis

dros. Zveli qarTuli wyaroebiT bizantiis xatmebrZol imperator lev III

isavrosis (daax. 675-741), `qarTvelTa zeda vaxtang gorgaslisisa SvilT-


asa~118 (igulisxmeba miri da arCili) mefobis dros dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

argveTSi, uwamebiaT mTavrebi mxeiZeTa sagvareulodan _ daviTi da konstan-

tine (xseneba `TTuesa okdonbersa 31~).

`viTarca gviswavies ZvelTa uwyebaTagan, iyvnes wmidani ese mowameni dav-

iT da konstantine qarTvelni, sanaxebisagan argueTisa, didni da didebulni

tomobiT, mTavarni amis queynisani, da Tvis eyvodes urTierTas da iyvnes

ganaTlebul embaziTa qadagebulisa andria da simon kananelisaTa, rameTu

maT uqadages qriste qarTvelTa Soris, pirvelad ninois mosvlisa~.119 isini

iyvnen ucoloni, sruliad Wabukni ̀ qalwul xorciTa da mecnier Zuelisa da

axlisa sjulisa, WeSmariti morwmuneni da gamocdilni da axovanni wyobasa

Sina~. argveTSi, qarTulma laSqarma daviTisa da konstantines meTaurobiT

daamarcxa arabTa laSqris winmavali rCeuli nawili, ùricxvi mosres da

aRudgines ZlevaA didi qristianeTa~.120 amis Semdeg murvan-yru Tavisi

laSqriT samcxidan gadasula dasavleT saqarTveloSi. `warmoemarTnes vi-

Tarca qviSaA simravliTa da movides queynad argueTisa da Seicves tye da

veli da mTani da borcuni~. daviT da konstantine Seipyres. mematianis

sityviT, qarTvelTa winaaRmdegobiT gakvirvebulma murvan-yrum mimarTa

mowameebs _ ̀ vinani xarT Tqven qvaTa da ZelTa msaxurno, romelTa ikadreT

winaganwyobaA Cemi? anu ara iciTa, viTarmed didisa mociqulisa muhamedisa

diswuli var, romlisa sjulsa hmonobs yoveli arabeTi da sparseTi da

damimorCilebia yoveli qveyanaA dasavleTiTgan vidre aRmosavleTamde?~121

murvani maTgan iTxovda qristianobis uaryofas da mahmadianobis aRiare-

bas, ris sanacvlodac hpirdeboda qveyniur didebas, razedac pasuxad mi-

iRes wmidanebisagan: `viTarca igi pirvel aRviareT sarwmunoeba Cveni WeS-

mariti da vwameT, mas zeda mtkiced da urqcevel varT da veraraman Wirman

da arca didebaman amis sawuToAsagan ver ganmaSornes Cuen siyvarulsa da

sarwmunoebasa iesu qristessa~.122

sastiki tanjvis Semdeg wmida mowameni mdinare rionSi daaxrCves. murvan-

yrum amis Semdeg `Semusrna yovelni qalaqni da simagreni egrisis queya-

nisani da cixe igi sam-zRude, romel ars cixe-goji, Semusra da Sevlo zRude

ìgi sazRvari klisurisa... da viTarca Sevlo yruman klisura, romel iyo

sazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTvelosa, da Semusra qalaqi afSileTisa

cxumi da moadga cixesa anakofiisasa, romelsa ars xati yovladwmidisa

RmrTismSoblisa... mun Sina iyvnes maSin mefeni qarTlisani miri da arCil~.123

ltolvilma qarTvelma mefeebma gabedes iqamde uZleveli laSqris winaaRm-

deg gabrZoleba. èCuena mas Ramesa arCils angelozi uflisa, romelman

hrqua mas: `warvediT da ewyueniT agarianTa, rameTu mimivlinebia maTzeda

guema sastikad momsvreli, kaciTgan pirutyvTamde~.124 marTlac, RamiT sas-

tikma muclis tifma daxoca 35 aTasi sarkinozi, xolo mefeebma SebrZoleb-

isas daxoces 3 aTasi. mteri ukuiqca, dabanakda mdinareebs, abaSasa da


cxeniswyals Sua. aq uecarma wyaldidobam daxoca aTeul aTasi molaSqre

da maTi cxenebi. saqarTveloSi arabTa am sakvirvel damarcxebas didad

gauxarebia bizantiis imperatori, rogorc amas gvauwyebs mematiane.

arabTa batonoba kavkasiaSi kidev didxans gagrZelda. `amieriTgan iwyo

Semcirebad mefobaman didTa mefeTa xuasroanTaman~.125 xosroian mefeTa, anu

qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebel mirianisa da vaxtang gorgaslis STamomavali

arCil mefe devnili gadasula kaxeTSi, magram Semdgom misula arabebTan,

raTa qveynisaTvis mSvidoba gamoeTxova. ̀ wmidaman arCil ganizraxa gonebasa

Tvissa... raTa mivides da naxos da iTxovos mSvidoba queyanisa da dacva

Seuryevlad eklesiaTa da ara dapatiJeba datevebisaTvis sjulisa~.126 ar-

Cili Seipyres, moTxoves qriatianobis uaryofa, nacvlad Sepirdnen yovel-

gvar qveyniur sikeTes. wmida arCili awames da Tavi mohkveTes `Tvesa

mirkanissa, romel ars marti, ocsa mis Tvisasa~. es momxdara 744 wels.

qarTuli eklesia 17 noembers aRniSnavda wmida mowame gobronisa da

masTan erTad 133 mxedris xsenebas. isini arabebs 914 wels uwamebiaT.

`gobroni~ arabulad Turme uSiSar vaJkacs ewodeba. gobronis naTlobis

saxeli miqaeli yofila. wmida miqael _ gobronis martvilobis aRmweri

stefane mtbevari (tbeTis) episkoposi wers arabTa Sesaxeb _ `kacni mxecisa

bunebisani, mtacebelni, romelTa saxli ars da cxorebaA aqlemisa zurgi,

naTesavni uricxvni, romelTaTvis viTarca ZaRlni mbrZolni arian mxecTa

maT velurTa~.127

eklesias swyuroda xalxis simSvidiT cxovreba, raTa `samwysoni igi

qristesni myudroebiT iswavebodnen RmrTis msaxurebasa da ara brZolasa

`viTarca winaswarmetyveli ityvis `dasWridnen maxvilebsa maTsa manglad

da laxvrebsa maTsa saxnisad~,128 magram mahmadianTa Semosevam Secvala

qristianTa mSvidi cxovreba, wers mematiane.

sarkinozTa Cveuleba aseTiao, wers istori-

kosi, roca qveynis dapyrobis Semdeg gascemdnen

qristianis sikvdiliT dasjis brZanebas, aRi-

Wurvebodnen, rogorc brZolis dRes, alesavd-

nen maxvils, erTmaneTs uswrebdnen, TiTqosda

qristianis mokvliT raRac didi safasuri unda

miiRono. aseve, roca yveliscixidan gamohyavdaT

misi 133 damcveli da maTTan erTad wmida mowame

gobroni, maSin arabebi `viTarca mxecni borot-

ni gamZvinebulni Seerines aRreulad da urT-

ierTsa uswrebdes, romelnime maxviliTa scem-

des, romelime horoliTa da isriTa SesCxueb-

des da dasWrides xorcTa maTTa, danebiTa ganap-

ebdes da RviZlebi igi maTi, viTarca ZaRlTa


piriTa ganetaca. da esreT dasTxines sisxlni maTni, da esreT srul iqmna wamebaA

maTi qristes mier, xolo netari gobron waradgines winaSe amirisa mis~.129

arabebs surdaT, wmida gobroni, viTarca saxelovani kaci, gaemahmadianebi-

naT. mtkice uaris Semdeg gobrons jer aCvenes daWril-dasaxiCrebuli da

nawamebi qarTveli qristianebi, mere ki aCvenes simdidre da qoneba, romlis

micemasac dahpirdnen qristianobis uaryofis Semdeg. am xerxma ar gasWra,

amitomac gadawyvites gobronis SeSineba, mis Tvalwin dakles cocxlad

gadarCenili qristianebi. ̀ sisxli maTi epkureboda mas, da romelnime guami

davardis mis winaSe da romelsame guami Segordis queSe ferxTa misTa~,130

magram `ver SeaZrwunes guli misi~.

amiras winaSe wmida gobronma ganacxada: ̀ iqmode raAca gnebavs, me qristiani

var da arasada uvarvyo saxeli misi~. wmida gobrons Tavi warkveTes. misi

wamebiT `Seimosa eklesiaman samkauli sixarulisa da brwyinvalebisaA sisxl-

iTa misiTa, daidga gvirgvini Suenierebisa da didebisaA simxniTa misiTa~.131

avtori stefane mtbevari episkoposi mouwodebs qristianebs _ `aw ukue

moakvdineniT xorcni Tquenni da juars acuT igi SromiTa da marxviTa,

gvirgviniTa mowameTaATa... Sen nebsiT Tavi Tvisi moswyvide da ese ars

msxverpli ubiwoA, romelsa ara uxms mRdeli Semwirveli, rameTu romeli

amas qveyanasa zeda damdabldes, igi caTa Sina amaRldebis qristeis iesuis

mier uflisa Cvenisa, romlisa aras didebaA mamisa Tana suli wmidiTurT,

aw da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde~.132

853 wlis 10 noembers uwamebiaT konstanti

qarTveli. `mas Jamsa oden iyo vinme queyanasa

qarTlisasa, sanaxebsa zena soflisasa, kaci,

romelsa saxeli erqua konstanti, romelsa ewo-

da kaxaA, saxelad mamulisa mis queyanisa~.133 iva-

ne javaxiSvilis azriT, konstanti qarTvelis

martvilobis aRmweri, SesaZloa, iyo saberZneTSi

myofi romelime beri,134 radgan avtors dro

qarTvel mTavarTa mefobisda mixedviT ki ara

aqvs gansazRvruli, aramed bizantiis dedofl-

is mefobisda gvarad.135 konstanti didad warCi-

nebuli kaci yofila mTel saqarTveloSi (`yov-

elsa queyanasa qarTlisasa~), mdidari, saqarTve-

los farglebs gareTac ki ganTqmuli iyo misi

saxeli, bizantiis imperatorebsac smenodaT mis

Sesaxeb. igi Semkuli iyo `orkerZoiTave maT saqmiTa~, pirvelad hqonda

sarwmunoeba Cveni uflis ieso qristes mimarT `da kualad aqunda netarsa

mas sarwmunoebaA mRdelTa moZRvarTa mimarT da yovelTa moweseTa elesi-

isaTa~.136 iyo stumarTmoyvare, glaxakTmoyvare, hqonda simdable, Tavis Tavs


yvelaze ufro met codvilad Tvlida, moiloca ierusalimi da simdidriT

gaavso iqauri glaxakebi `da viTar moxucebuli iyo, iqmna netari igi

oTxmeoc da xuTisa wlisa JamTa oden hasakisa misisaTa aRdga devnulebaA

didi qristianeTa zeda yovelsa queyanas qarTlisasa~. konstanti-kaxa 26

agvistos Seipyres `viTarca winamZRvari da warCinebuli yovelsa queyanasa

qarTlisa~. Seiyvanes Tbilisis sapyrobileSi, warudgines buRa-Turqs, romelmac

imave wlis (853w.) 5 agvistos Tbilisi dawva. atenis sionis warweraze

dayrdnobiT, ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, konstantisTan erTad SeupyriaT misi

Ze Tarxujic. konstantis mosTxoves qristianobis uaryofa. uaris Sedeg

daades borkili da gagzavnes SuamdinareTis qalaq samaraSi xalifa ja-

faris winaSe. cemis, tanjvis, Seuracxyofa-damcirebis miuxedavad, wmidanma

ar uaryo qristianoba, risTvisac sikvdiliT dasajes. Tavis mokveTis win

loculobda: ̀ gigalob Sen, ufalo, RmerTo ZalTao, RmerTo saukuneTao, romelman

momec me Zali winaaRmdgomad ukeTurisa amis msajulisa, viTarca igi winaiswar

sTqvi, viTarmed: `Tquen momceniTa gulni Tquenni da me migec Zali Cemi...~

konstantis sikvdilis Semdeg bizantiis dedofals werili miuweria wmida-

nis ojaxisa da saerTod qarTvelTaTvis, sadac, kerZod, naTqvami iyo: `amas

ara Tu Tqven oden gibrZanebT, aramed yovelTa, romelni Cuen, kerZo da

xelTa queSe Cuensa arian qarTvelni.... kualad aRdegiT da ganZlierdiT

uflisa mier~. ucxoelebi, kerZod ki, bizantielebi, rogorc qvemoTac araerT-

gzis iqneba aRniSnuli, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos `zemo iberias~, xolo

dasavleT saqarTvelos ̀ qvemo iberias~, anu iverias uwodebdnen. konstanti,

rogorc misi martvilobis aRmweri wers, cxovrobda ̀ queyanasa qarTlisasa,

sanaxebsa zena soflisasa~. ̀ zena sofeli~ igive ̀ zemo iveria~, anu aRmosav-

leT saqarTveloa. konstanti, kerZod, kaxeTis mcxovrebi unda yofiliyo,

radganac mas ewoda ̀ kaxaA, saxelad mamulisa mis queynisa~. maSasadame, misi

mamuli qveynis saxelic `kax~ yofila, anu kaxeTi. kaxeTi maSin erqva mt-

kvris gadaRma gadaSlil vrcel qveyanas. Tbilisis saamiro uSualod mas

emezobleboda, ufro sworad, es saamiro kaxeTis erT nawilsac moicavda.

rogorc aRiniSna, iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, am Txzulebis damweri saberZneT-

Si mcxovrebi romelime beri unda yofiliyo. amitomac mas, rogorc `ucx-

oels~, qarTvelTa qveynis mimarT uxmaria is geografiuli terminologia,

rogoric iyo miRebuli ucxoeTSi. qarTlis sakaTalikososac ucxoelebi

`zemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen, afxazeTis sakaTalikosos ki

_ `qvemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~. amitomac, saeklesio terminologiis

dadgenisaTvis `konstantines martvilobaSi~ moxmobili geografiuli ter-

minologia CvenTvis sainteresoa. ucxoelTaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, rom daquc-

macebuli iyo politikur erTeulebad, saqarTvelo warmoadgenda mTlian

qveyanas. mas iverias uwodebdnen, romlis qarTuli Sesatyvisi iyo `yoveli

qveyana qarTlisa~. es termini samjer gvxvdeba wmida konstantines mar-


tvilobaSi. es ̀ yoveli qveyana qarTli~ Sedgeboda, rogorc iTqva, ̀ zemo~ da

`qvemo~ mxareebisagan, anu dRevandeli terminologiiT, aRmosavleT da dasavleT

saqarTvelosagan. bagrat IV (1020-1074 w.w.) Tavis sigelSi, romelic gasca

mijnaZorisa da opizis monasterTa davis gadaWrisas, axsenebs am terminebs.

`Sekriben karsa darbazisa Cuenisasa yovelTa xevTa zemoTa da quemoTa

aznaurni~.137 bagrat IV-s quTaisSi samefo karze Seukrebia `zemo xevTa~ e.i.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelosa da `qvemo xevTa~, e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelos

aznaurebi. bagrat III-m (1014 w.) akurTxa ̀ eklesia quTaTisisa, rameTu Semokribna

... yovelni didebulni zemoni da quemoni mamulisa da samefosa misisa

myofni~.138 aq ̀ zemo mamuli~ anu ̀ zemo samefo~ _ aRmosavleTs, xolo qvemo _

dasavleTs ewodeba. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos zogjer `zemosa kerZi~ qvey-

ana ewodeboda, `liparit moirWuna zemosa kerZsa dauflebulad... xolo

bagrats aqunda lixsa quemoTi dawyobiT~.139 marTlac, liparits ekuTvnoda

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Semavali saqarTvelos imJamindeli saxelmwi-

fos TiTqmis yvela cixe _ kldekari, birTvisi, ufliscixe, yueliscixe, ar-

tanuji. SemdgomSi bagrat IV `eufla zemosa da quemosa Tavis mamulsa~.

dedaqalaqis quTaisidan TbilisSi gadmotanis Semdeg `qvemos~ imeri,

xolo `zemos~ _ ameri ewoda. giorgi III-is dros (1117 wels) _ `Sekrbes

yovelni samefoisa Cuenisa monazonni da ebiskoposni imerni da amerni~.140

saqarTvelos eklesiac or administraciul erTeulad, anu `saeklesio

samTavrod~ iyo gayofili. qarTlis (aRmosavleTis) da afxazeTis (dasavle-

Tis) sakaTalikosoebad. basili ezosmoZRvari wers, rom Tamaris winaSe

`Semo-rakrbes orsave samTavrosa episkoposni~.141 erT saeklesio samTavrod,

rogorc iTqva, iTvleboda ̀ zemo~, anu aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sakaTaliko-

so, meores ki ̀ qvemo~, dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso warmoadgenda.

musulmanTa pirveli Semotevis dros erTiani qarTuli eklesia gabrwyin-

da da ganmtkicda mowameTa sisxliT.

wmida grigol xanZTelis samoRvaweo are

udidesi moRvawe qarTuli eklesiisa, ̀ netarTa Soris brwyinvale, madliT

savse, gansrulebuli sibrZniTa, didi mRvdeli, keTilad ganmgebeli moRvawe,

udabnoTa qalaqmyofeli, zecisa kaci da queyanisa angelozi~ grigol xanZ-

Teli dabadebula 759-60 wlebSi, ̀ saSoATgan dedisaAT Sewirul iyo RmrTi-

sa dedisagan Tvisisa~, mas warCinebuli da didebuli mSoblebi hyolia.

siyrmidanve izrdeboda didi nerse erisTavis saxlSi. zrdida TviTon

nerses meuRle, romelic grigolis mamida iyo. `marxvaTa Sina izardeboda

msgavsad winamorbedisa~. Seaswavles daviTis fsalmunebi da `xmiTa saswav-

leli swavlaA saeklesio, samoZRvroA qarTulsa enasa Sina yoveli daaswav-

la~. Seuswavlia sxvadasxva enebi, `saRmrToni wignni zepiriT moiwuarTna~.


Seuswavlia agreTve, filosofia, qarTlis erismTavari nerse II, Ze adarnase

kurapalatisa, qristianuli sarwmunoebis erT-erT burjs warmoadgenda qveynis

arabTagan dapyrobis Jams. mis karze miuRia qristianobis siyvaruli da

qristianuli aRzrda wmida mowame abo Tbilels. arabTa sawinaaRmdego

saqmianobisaTvis nerse baRdadis sapyrobileSi Casves 772 wels ramdenime

wliT, gaTavisuflebis Sedeg 5 weli samSobloSi moRvaweobda, Semdeg ki

xazareTSi gaiqca, saidanac dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida. pavle ingor-

oyvas TvalsazrisiT, wmida grigoli nerses xazareTSi wasvlis dros unda

gadasuliyo qarTlidan klarjeTSi, romelic SedarebiT daculi iyo mtris-

gan da samonastro cxovrebisaTvis garkveuli pirobebi arsebobda. am dros

igi mRvdeli yofila. mRvdloba ùfroAs ars yovelTa didebaTa sulierTa

da xorcielTa, rameTu qristes nacvlobaA ars~, _ ambobda igi mRvdlad

kurTxevamde da amitomac uars acxadebda am udides pativze. Semdeg ki

daemorCila mowodebas: `morCil eqmen brZanebasa qristesa~. xolo, roca

misi episkoposad kurTxeva gadawyvites, wmida grigolma miatova qarTli da,

rogorc iTqva, klarjeTs miaSura. `xolo ese morwmunisa da keTilad msax-

urisa queyanisagan gamoiyvana amis mizezisaTvis RmerTman, raTa uqmTa maT

udabnoTa Sina gamobrwyindes sanTeli ese daufsebeli~, _ wers misi biografi

giorgi merCule. wmida grigoli tao-klarjeTSi gadasula sxva moweseebT-

an (berebTan) erTad _ ìpovna moyvasni keTilni SewevniTa qristeis madl-

iTa _ saba, romelsa ewoda saban, dedis diswuli misi, iSxnisa meored

maSenebeli da episkoposi misi, da Teodore neZvisa maSenebeli da mamaA, da

qristefore, kvirikeTisa maSenebeli da mamaA ese oTxni Seanawevrna sarwmu-

noebaman~. pirvelad isini mividnen opizis monasterSi _ ìyvnes opizas

Zmani mciredni Sekrebul qristes siyvarulisaTvis, vinaATgan povnili iyo

wmidaA igi mcire eklesia wmidisa naTlismcemelisani, da iyo winamZRvrisa

maTisa saxeli amba giorgi, rameTu mesame mamaA iyo opizisaA, raATgan

samoel da andre gardacvalebul iyvnes~.142 Tu vigulisxmebT, rom wmidaG-

grigoli opizaSi pirvelad mivida 780 wels (am wels unda wasuliyo

xazareTSi nerse erisTavi), samoelisa da andres winamZRvroba opizis mon-

asterSi SeiZleboda gagrZelebuliyo, vTqvaT, 50 weliwads, aqedan gamom-

dinare, opizis monastris pirveli winamZRvari 730-ian wlebSi daniSnula.

swored am wlebSi klarjeTi da mTeli samxreTi saqarTvelo gadawva

murvan yrum. es momxdara 735 wels. safiqrebelia, rom man klarjeTSi

iqamde arsebuli monastrebi iavaryo, xolo murvanis wasvlis Semdeg klar-

jeTSi aRdgenila erTaderTi opizis monasteri 730-ian wlebSive. samonas-

tro cxovrebis aRorZineba samxreT saqarTveloSi VIII saukuneSi, jer kidev

grigol xanZTelamde dawyebula. Cans, qarTlidan da saqarTvelos sxva

kuTxeebidan, im droisaTvis arabTagan SedarebiT dacul mxareSi berebi

ukve VIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSive gadadiodnen. amas miuTiTebs is, rom


opizasTan axlos, xanZTaSic, martomyofeli beri saxeliT _ xuediosi grigo-

lamdec cxovrobda, magram xanZTis monastrisaTvis saboloo saxe da saer-

Tod, monastris Seneba grigols dauwyia. am saqmeSi mas opizeli berebic

Sewivnen, `rameTu mas Jamsa Sina sxuaA monasteri ara Sen iyo maT queyanaTa

Tvinier opizisa~. mosaxleobac ver exmareboda mSeneblobas, radganac ̀ eriskacni

msoflioni~ klarjeTs da taoTa Sina SavSeTs da yovelTa maT maxlobelTa

qveyanaTa mciredni ipovebodes, daSenebul tyeTa Sina adgil-adgil~.143

wmida grigolma mTeli epoqa Seqmna tao-klarjeTis samonastro cxovre-

baSi, gaaCaRa farTo samonastro mSenebloba. xanZTasa da SatberdSi mamaTa,

xolo meresa da gunaTleSi _ dedaTa monastrebi daafuZna. wmida grigol-

is mowafeebma mravali monastrebi daaarses. aqedan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniS-

navia iSxnis monastrisa da saepikoposos daarseba. samonastro mSenebloba

daiwyo bareTelTaSi, wyarosTavSi, neZvSi. piradad wmida grigolma daafuZna

dasavleT saqarTveloSi ubeis monasteri. klarjeTSi Casvlidan daaxloebiT

50 wlis Semdeg wmida grigoli iqur monasterTa arqimandritad daadgines.

mas Tavisi monastrebisaTvis ierusalimis sabawmidis monastris tipikoni au-

Ria. Seudgenia himnografiuli krebuli `saweliwado iadgari~ _ `sibrZnisa

misisa mdinareTagan irwyvodes yovelni udabnoni klarjeTisani~.

Cveni gansjis sagans Seadgens wmida grigolis samoRvaweo are. Tanamed-

rove mecnierebaSi miRebulia mtkiceba imisa, rom mosaxleoba wmida grig-

olis samoRvaweo areSi, (e.i. mesxeTSi), Tavisi eTnikuri warmomavlobiT ar

iyo qarTuli, TiTqosda wmida grigolis Semdeg qarTuli eklesia gaba-

tonebula am mxareSi, mosaxleoba gamxdara qalkedonituri aRmsareblobisa.

qarTuli eklesiis meSveobiT iq gavrcelebula qarTuli ena da SemdgomSi

mosaxleoba `gaqarTvelebula~. aseT Tvalsazriss pasuxi gasca pavle in-

goroyvam. daamtkica, rom mesxeTis mosaxleoba uZveles drosve iyo qarTu-

li. aseTad darCenila maSinac ki, roca taos umetesi nawili somxeTis

saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda VI-VII saukuneebSi. somxebi ki ar

`qarTveldebodnen~, aramed piriqiT, somxuri saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi

yofnisas taos da mimdebare mxareebis qarTuli mosaxleoba somxuri ek-

lesiis iurisdiqciis sferoSi moeqca da eklesiebSi maTTvis somxureno-

vani msaxureba dainerga.

somxebis `gaqarTvelebis~ momxreebs, mamtkiceblebs imisa, rom TiTqosda

VIII-IX saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesia SeiWra somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqci-

is sazRvrebSi, erT-erT Tavis argumentad moyavT iSxnis cnobili kaTedra-

lis nangrevebze qarTuli saepiskoposos daarseba wmida grigolis dros.

p. ingoroyvas mohyavs Cveni cnobili mecnierebis Tvalsazrisi, rom ara Tu

tao, _ aramed klarjeTic TiTqosda somxuri qveynebi iyo. marTlac, cnobil-

ia, rom iSxnis didebuli eklesia aaSena somexTa kaTalikosma nersesma VII

saukunis 30-ian wlebSi. wmida grigolis mowafis, arseni safarelis cnobis


Tanaxmad, nerses iSxneli (641-661) iyo kaci Rirsi da marTlmorwmune (e.i.

qalkedoniti). man somxeTidan gandevna pavlikianobis erT-erTi eresiarqi

ioane mairagomeli.144 giorgi merCule nerse somexTa kaTalikoss `netars~

uwodebs. IX saukunis dasawyisSi `nebiTa RmrTisaTa iqmna saba episkopos

iSxans zeda, netarisa nerse kaTalikozisa aRSenebulsa kaTolike ekle-

siasa da saydarsa missa, romeli weliwadTa mravalTa daqvrivebul iyo~.145

`daviT da tariWanis martvilobis~ avtori, romelic VII saukunis ambebs

aRwers, nerses ̀ wmidas~ uwodebs. daviT da tariWani arian qarTuli eklesi-

is wmidanebi. e.i. qalkedoniti marTlmadideblebi. maT moixseniebs ara

marto qarTuli eklesia, aramed saerTod marTlmadidebluri samyaro. ma-

galiTad, rusuli eklesia maT xsenebas, viTarca qarTveli wmidanebisas,

aRniSnavs 18 maiss.146 qarTuli da sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi am

wmidanebs ar moixseniebdnen, isini qalkedonitebi rom ar yofiliyvnen.

`daviT da tariWanis~ cxovrebis (avtoris da sxva wyaroebis) Tanaxmad,

somxurma eklesiam VII saukuneSi aRiara qalkedonitoba (sxva sakiTxia is,

Tu ramdenad icavdnen am xelSekrulebas), somxeTi, Tanaxmad arseni safa-

relisa, qalkedonituri qveyana iyo VII saukuneSi. aseTad darCenila igi

726 wlis manaskertis krebamde, e.i. VIII saukunis TiTqmis 30-ian wlebamde.

amitomac wers xsenebuli martvilobis avtori _ `iyo sanaxebTa maT sof-

lisa somxiTisasa, JamTa netarisa didisa nerse kaTalikozisaTa da adam

aregawoTelisaTa, xevsa basianisasa, dabasa, romelsa hrqvian onkom, iyo vinme

kaci warCinebuli erisTavi, saxeli erqua vardan, saxeli colisa misisa

Tagine. iyvnes ornive igi naTesavTagan sameufoTa. da amaT aqunda sarwmu-

noebaA WeSmariti da marTali wmidisa samebisaA. cxovndebodes igini Rmr-

Tis msaxurebiTa, yovliTa RirsebiTa da RmrTis moSiSebiTa~.147

aqedan Cans, rom avtoris azriT, somxeTSi VII saukuneSi damkvidrebuli

iyo WeSmariti da marTali sarwmunoeba, e.i. qalkedonitoba. Tagines SeeZina

ori vaJi _ daviT da tariWani. iZulebis gamo deda da Svilebi Seefarnen

taos _ `warmoivltoda CrdiloiT kerZo queyanad tavoAsa~.148 aq biWebi

mowameobrivad daxoces, ris Semdegac maT gvamebs daadga naTeli. `euwya

saqme ese wmidasa mamasa Cuensa nerses kaTalikozsa somxeTisasa, rameTu

TviT hxedvida igi iSxniT sakvirvelebasa da brwyinvalebasa miuwdomelisa

naTlisasa... srbiT miiwia divris... xolo Tevdosi Seuvarda ferTa nerse

kaTalikozisaTa... wmidaman nerse TvisiTa xeliTa wargragna guamni igi~.149

cxadia, rogorc iTqva, qalkedonitebi rom ar yofiliyvnen, kaTalikosi

nerse da aRniSnuli wmidanebi, maT ar moixseniebdnen qalkedonitur ekle-

siaSi, msgavsad _ wmida grigolis mowafe arseni safareli ar ganaaxlebda

da ar ganavrcobda asurel mamaTa cxovrebas, asureli mamebi qalkedonite-

bad rom ar yofiliyvnen miCneulni. wmida grigolsa da mis mowafeebs nerse

kaTalikosidan Tu asureli mamebidan ar hyofda didi dro. nerses xsovna

jer kidev cocxali yofila maT dros.


zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom VII saukuneSi, vidre VIII saukunis 30-ian

wlebamde, somxuri eklesia qalkedonuri aRmsareblobisad miiCneoda. swored

amitom, taosa da misi mimdebare kuTxeebis qarTveloba, romelic tradiciu-

lad qalkedonitobis erTguli iyo, Sedioda somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqci-

is farglebSi. maSasadame, tao, misi sasuliero centri iSxani, mimdebare

qveynebi, qalkedonituri iyo, dasaxlebuli eTnikuri qarTvelebiT, romlebic

warmoadgendnen samwysos somxuri eklesiisa. p. ingoroyva wers _ `imieri

tao da zemo speri erT periodSi somxeTTan iyo politikurad dakavSirebu-

li. zog mkvlevars ise esmis, TiTqos am periodis manZilze moxda am

mxareTa eTnikuri mxaris Secvla, magram es Secdomaa... politikuri sazRvre-

bis gadawevas ar mohyolia cvlilebebi mosaxleobis eTnikur Semadgenloba-

Si, taosa da speris moxsenebuli nawilebi, imieri tao da zemo speri, mosax-

leobis SemadgenlobiT da aq gavrcelebuli enis mixedviT Tavidanve iyo

qarTuli mxare da aseTad darCa igi Tavisi istoriis Semdgom periodebSi~.150

taos aRniSnuli nawili somxeTis SemadgenlobaSi moqceula IV s-is das-

asrulidan, `V s-is pirveli naxevridan, mefobis mospobis Semdeg, taos es

mxare, aRmosavleT somxeTis sxva mxareebTan erTad, iranis provinciad

iqca~.151 VII s-is 20-iani wlebidan taos es mxare bizantias dauqvemdebare-

bia, magram amave saukuneSi sadavod iqca es mxare arabebsa da bizantielebs

Soris, sabolood VII s-is dasasrulisaTvis is arabebs darCaT. VIII s-is

30-ian wlebSi murvan yrus Semosevam mxare gaanadgura~.152

`taos es mxare, romelic somxeTTan iyo dakavSirebuli, saqarTvelom

daibruna VIII-IX saukuneTa mijnaze~153 nangrevebis saxiT da daiwyo iq didi

mSenebloba. marTlia, somxeTis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda es mxare, magram

`salaparako enis mixedviT qarTul mxared darCenila, amis Sesaxeb moi-

poveba pirdapiri Cvenebebi~.154

aqedan gamomdinare, wmida grigoli somxuri eklesiis mrevlSi ki ar

SeiWra, somxebi ki ar gaaqalkedonita, rogorc miaCnia zogierT specialists,

aramed tao-klarjeTSi qarTuli eklesiis Zvel samwysoSi ganamtkica qarTu-

li eklesiis uflebamosileba. rac Seexeba TiTqosda `tao-klarjeTis somex-

Ta gaqalkedonitebas~, rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, tao-klarjeTis mosax-

leoba wmida grigol xanZTelis tao-klarjeTSi mosvlamde _ qalkedoni-

turi iyo. am qalkedonitur mxareSi wmida grigolma da misma mowafeebma

mTeli xalxis erTsulovani mxardaWeriT miaRwies udides warmatebas.

maSasadame, iSxanis samwyso taoSi _ eTnikur qarTvelebs warmoadgendnen.

cxadia, somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi yofnisas qarTvelebi iTvisebdnen somxur

enas, somxuri kulturis elementebs, magram sabednierod, maT qarTuli eTni-

kuri saxe ar daukargavT.

taosa da misi mimdebare mxareebis mrevlma, romelic qalkedonitobas

uWerda mxars Tavidanve, somxur eklesiasTan kavSiri gawyvita VIII s-is 30-


iani wlebidan, rac somxurma eklesiam 726 wels mowveuli krebis Semdeg

sabolood miiRo monofizituri mrwamsi. somxuri eklsiis qarTulma mrev-

lma amis Semdeg sabolood miatova am eklesiis wiaRi da daubrunda Tavis

deda qarTul eklesias. maSasadame, es mrevli tao-klarjeTisa VIII-IX sauku-

neebSi prozelitebad ki ar iqcnen, aramed mSobliur wiaRs daubrundnen.

e.i. wmida grigoli sxvis eklesiaSi ki ar SeiWra, aramed mSobliuri aRad-

gina. iSxani, romelic nangrevebad iyo qceuli, aRadgenina da iq saepisko-

poso daaarsebina. iSxani _ qarTvelTa saeklesio centri iyo odiTganve,

magram aramSobliuri eklesiisa. somxuri eklesia, rogorc Semdgom iqneba

aRniSnuli, rogorc sparsTa, ise arabTa da bizantielTa xelSewyobiTac ki

Tavis saeklesio iurisdiqcias avrcelebda arasomxur mezobel mxareebze.

erT-erT aseT mxares warmoadgenda tao da sxva qarTuli Temebi samxreT

saqarTveloSi.

somxuri eklesiis am mtaceblobas aRniSnul periodSi kargad amCnevdnen

qarTveli moRvaweebi, magram maT saSualeba ar hqondaT mieRoT raime RonisZ-

ieba qarTuli mrevlis somxuri eklesiis wiaRidan gamosaxsnelad. wmida

grigolis mowafe, episkoposi stefane, aRniSnulis gamo somxeTs amsgavsebda

ninevias. SuamdinareTis ninevia, rogorc cnobilia, sxvadasxva erebis sasti-

ki dampyrobi da mCagvreli iyo. roca somxeTSi mtris jari ̀ Sevida qalaqsa

dvinisasa da oxraA guliswyromisa misisasa moaswavebda oxrebasa somxiTi-

sasa, viTarca ninevelTa daqcevasa~. cxadia, avtori, episkoposi tbeTisa,

moxaruli ar iyo qveynis aoxrebisa, magram axsovda, rom Tavisi samwysos

mrevli swored somxeTis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi iyo moqceuli, poli-

tikur viTarebaTa gamo. am drois procesebi mas aTqmevinebda _ `rameTu

miwaA igi somxiTisaA ampartavan da mkvidrni misni cudad mzuaobar, angahar,

laR, da coduis moyuare, ampartavan, uwyalo, uyuarel da yovliTa uke-

TurebiTa savse, romelsa Sina ara ipova Tavisi misadrekeli qristeisi,

romelTaTvis qriste cudad mokvda...~155

wmida grigol xanZTelis meore mowafe arsen safarels moupovebia VII

saukunis wyaro somxuri eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb. am wyaros Tanaxmad

miiCneva, rom VII saukuneSi somxuri eklesiis umaRlesi ierarqia aris

qalkedonituri da eklesiac saerTo jamSi qalkedonituria. magram eklesi-

is SigniT arsebobs budeebi mwvaleblobisa, rom somxuri eklesia mwvale-

blobiskenaa Sinaganad midrekili. amis magaliTad moyvanilia cnobili

eresiarqis ioane mairegomelis cxovreba. arsenma am wyaroze dayrdnobiT

Seqmna, faqtobrivad ideologiuri naSromi somxuri eklesiis avtoritetis

Sesaryevad.156 cxadia, somxuri qalkedonituri eklesia mis wiaRSi myof

qarTveli qalkedonitebisaTvis avtoritetuli da sarwmunoebrivad misaRe-

bi eklesia iyo. VII saukuneSi opozicioner qarTvelebs SeuqmniaT Txzule-

ba (wyaro arseni safarelis aRniSnuli Txzulebisa) somxuri eklesiis


WeSmariti istoriis Sesaxeb im qarTvelTaTvis, romelTaTvisac somxuri

eklesia avtoritetuli eklesia iyo. VII saukuneSi, roca somxuri eklesia

qalkedonitobas ase Tu ise aRiarebda, qarTvel samRvdeloebas ucdia somx-

uri eklesiis Sinagani winaaRmdegobis warmoCeniT qarTveli mrevlisaTvis

daenaxvebina somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi arsebuli mwvaleblobis safrTxe.

ioane mairegomeli mwvaleblobis eresiarqi, albaT, cnobili piri iyo

saqarTveloSic. amitomac TxzulebaSi yovelgvari gacnobiTi komentarebis

gareSe saubaria masze: `viTarc gvelTa ufroisRa SesZines aRZvraA erisaA

da SfoTi birebiTa maireguemelisaTa~,157 `esma ese bersa borotsa mai-

reguemelsa~; ̀ moewoda mas bersa borotsa~; ̀ maireguemeli aRsZvrida viTme

monazonTa borotTa mwvalebelTa~, mairegomelma `...aRmoiboyina simyrale,

msgavsi borotisa mwvaleblisa~ da sxva msgavsi.

saerTod, arsenis wyaros didi nawili eZRvneba mairegomelis cxovrebasa

da zemoqmedebas somxur eklesiaze. am wyaros Tanaxmad, somxeTis kaTali-

kos ezras dros VII s. mowveuli krebis mier `daamtkices marTali~, anu

qalkedonitoba. ezra eubneba mairegomels: ̀ SeviwynareT ori buneba uflisa

Cuenisa iesu qristesi sruli RmrTeebiTa da sruli kacebiTa~, magram am

qalkedonit kaTalikoss mairegomeli ar emorCileba. am wyaros Tanaxmad,

somxeTis ̀ netari~ kaTalikosi nerse iSxnelic qalkedonitia, amitomac aZevebs

somxeTidan mairegomels, aseve qalkedonitebi arian VII s-is sxva somexi

kaTalikosebic _ anastasi da israeli. miuxedavad amisa, wyaros Tval-

sazrisiT, somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi arsebuli mwvalebluri budeebis gamo

somxur eklesias aqvs midrekileba mwvaleblobisaken. wyaros avtors surs,

VII saukuneSive daemtkicebinaT somxuri eklesiis mrevlad gadaqceuli

qarTvelebisaTvis somxuri eklesiidan gamoyofis sargeblianoba, saWiroeba

da aucilebloba. ase, Tuki aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi VII saukunis dasawyisSi

kirionis moZraobis Sedegad qarTulma eklesiam somxuri eklesiidan ̀ gamoy-

ofa~ SeZlo, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi (taosa da mis mimdebare kuTx-

eebSi) VII saukuneSi es procesi ar iyo dasrulebuli da qarTuli eklesia

ganagrZobda somxuri eklesiis artaxebidan am kuTxis mosaxleobis daxsni-

saTvis moRvaweobas. marTlac, VIII-IX saukuneebSi es mxareebi gaTavisufld-

nen somxuri eklesiis batonobisagan.

n. mari Tavis Teorias somexTa `gaqarTvelebis~ Sesaxeb afuZnebda ara

raime uZveles wyaros, aramed imas, rom am epoqaSi mesxeTSi aSkarad aRiniS-

neboda somxurenovani elementis arseboba. somxurenovani mosaxleoba XX

saukunis mecnierebam miiCnia erovnulad somxur mosaxleobad, romelic

TiTqosda Semdgom gaqarTvelda qarTuli eklesiis Zaladobrivi poli-

tikis wyalobiT. mecnierebas ver warmoedgina, rom somxurenovani mosaxle-

oba SeiZleboda erovnebiT qarTuli yofiliyo, qarTuli saojaxo da somx-

uri saeklesio eniT. mecnierebam yuradRebis gareSe datova msgavsi magali-


Ti, romelic ukve arsebobda amierkavkasiaSi. kerZod, rom albanelebs RvTism-

saxurebaSi miRebuli hqondaT somxuri ena, e.i. albanuri saRvTismsaxuro

wignebi _ wmida werili, wmidanTa cxovreba da sxva, iyo somxurenovani. aseve

iyo saqarTvelos im provinciebSic, romlebic uSualod emezoblebodnen

somxeTs. saqarTvelos am provinciebSi cxovrobdnen ara somxebi, aramed

somxurenovani qarTvelebi, e.i. mrevli somxuri eklesiisa, somxuri saekle-

sio da qarTuli saojaxo eniT.

samwuxarod, n. maris Teoria gaziarebuli iqna, radganac am Teorias

TiTqosda adasturebdnen axal-axali mikvleuli masalebi _ somxurenovani

elementi namdvilad arsebobda samxreT saqarTvelos mosaxleobaSi, romelic

Semdgom gaqra _ gadafara qarTulma enam.

zogierT qarTul xelnawerSi somxurenovani warwerebis arsebobasTan

dakavSirebiT r. Smerlingi wers, rom aseTi ram `...upasuxebda somxuri

fenis arsebobas tao-klarjeTis provinciis qarTul mosaxleobaSi, aseve

samonastro Zmobis SemadgenlobaSi, rac gamomdinareobs iqidan, rom tao-

klarjeTis somxebi ganekuTvnebodnen berZnul-aRmosavlur marTlmadide-

blobas, romelsac aRiarebda qveynis ZiriTadi qarTuli mosaxleoba~. amave

dros, mkvlevari aRniSnavs, rom mxatvari, romelic am somxurenovan warw-

erebs akeTebda, iyo ara somexi, aramed qarTveli _ `...mxatvris mSobliuri

ena ... qarTulia~.158

e.i. somxurenovani fena tao-klarjeTis mosaxleobisa IX-X saukuneebSi

iyo qalkedonituri, rac samarTliania, magram erovnulad es fena somxuri

arasodes ar yofila, es iyo qarTuli mosaxleoba somxuri saeklesio eniT,

romelTa winaprebic VI-VII ss-Si iyo wevri somxuri diofizituri eklesi-

isa, amitom somxur enaze saeklesio msaxureba kidev SeinarCuna ramdenime

xniT, radganac somxurenovani msaxureba maTTvis tradiciuli iyo, tradici-

is ukugdebas ki saukuneebi sWirdeba. am somxurenovani mosaxleobis winaprebi

iyvnen qarTveli qalkedonitebi, oRond somxuri saeklesio eniT, radganac

maTi uSualo mosazRvre somxuri qalkedonituri sakaTalikoso VI-VII ss.

somxurenovani iyo. yovel SemTxvevaSi, tao-klarjeTis somxurenovani fena

iyo erovnebiT qarTuli, romelTa winaprebsac somxur eklsiasTan xangr-

Zlivi urTierToba hqondaT.

i. abulaZis azriT, romelic sagangebod ikvlevda am sakiTxebs da romlis

gamokvlevasac xSirad iyeneben, tao-klarjeTSi mcxovrebni eTnikurad somxuri

fena enobrivi gadagvarebis gzaze damdgara, e.i. somxuri daviwyebia da qarTu-

li SeuTvisebia, amas ki somexi mosaxleobis sruli ̀ denacionalizacia~ mohyo-

lia: _ `aRsarebiT tao-klarjeTis qarTul elementTan monaTesave es wre

qarTul kulturul da politikur sferoSi eqceva... da enobrivad gadagvare-

bis gzaze dgeba, rasac sabolood sruli denacionalizacia mohyva~.159

k. kekeliZec miiCnevs, rom ̀ ...tao-klarjeTSi... mosaxleobdnen qalkedoniti

somxebic. ai, swored am wreSi, sadac qarTvelebi da somxebi erTmaneTs


pirdapir xvdebodnen, ganagrZobda arsebobas somex-qarTvelTa literatu-

ruli erToba da kavSiri ara marto VIII_IX saukuneebSi, aramed X-Sic~.160

sinamdvileSi araviTar denacionalizaciasa da gadagvarebas somexi mo-

saxleoba mesxeTSi ar ganicdida, somxurenovani qarTvelebi mama-papaTa

erovnul qarTul enas amkvidrebdnen TavianT eklesiebSi ucxoenovani msax-

urebis nacvlad. somxurenovani mosaxleoba mesxeTisa da saqarTvelos

sasazRvro provinciebisa erovnulad qarTuli iyo, sarwmunoebiT ki es

somxurenovani qarTuli mosaxleoba mesxeTSi qalkedonituri iyo, xolo

hereTsa da nawilobriv qvemo qarTlSi _ monofizituri. saqme isaa, rom

somxuri eklesiis dasavleTi nawili tradiciulad bizantiis siaxlovis

gamo qalkedonituri iyo TviT VIII saukunis dasawyisamdec ki, xolo aRmo-

savleTi nawili somxuri eklesiisa, qvemo qarTlisa da hereT-sujeTis mo-

sazRvre nawili ufro monofizituri gavlenis qveS imyofeboda. cxadia,

qalkedonitur somxur eklesiaSi VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebamde danergili

iyo ara qarTulenovani msaxureba, aramed somxurenovani. am qalkedonituri

somxuri eklesiis gavlenis qveS myofi mesxeTis mosaxleoba eklesiurad

VIII saukunemde somxuri tipikonis mqone iyo. am dros erTmorwmune somxur

da qarTul eklesiebs mWidro kavSiri aqvT. VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebSi

kavSiri wydeba. mesxeTis somxurenovani qarTvelebi amis Semdeg kvlav somx-

urenovan msaxurebas aRasruleben, Semdgom ki TandaTanobiT ubrundebian

mama-papaTa qarTulenovan msaxurebas. aq procesi hqonda ara denacionaliza-

cias, aramed piriqiT, am mosaxleobaSi gaiRviZa qarTulma erovnulma grZnobebma,

erovnulma qarTulma siamayem da isini yovel Sesabamis momentSi sagangebod

acxadebdnen, rom isini ̀ naTesaviT~, anu erovnulad qarTvelni arian.

miT umetes, albaT, arasworia aseTi gancxadeba, TiTqosda ̀ ...erTi eklesia

iWreba meoreSi da maT gverdiT Tu maT naamagarze Tavisas afuZnebs. esec

araa ucxo ambavi im droisaTvis. somxeTis miwa-wyalze ara erTi da ori

`qarTvelTa~ savane ixsneba am dros~.161 ra gamodis, qarTuli eklesia TiTqosda

SeWrila somxur eklesiaSi da mis naamagarsa da nafuZarze Tavisi daumkvi-

drebia. qarTuli eklesiis mimarT aseTi gancxadeba namdvili gaugebrobaa.

qarTuli eklesia yovelTvis Semwynarebeli iyo sxva sarwmunoebis mimarT,

misTvis ucxoa fanatizmi. is yovelTvis pativs scemda sxva erebs da amit-

omac sxvis naamagarsa da nafuZarze Tavisas ar amkvidrebda, rac ucxoa

saerTod qriatianobisaTvis da, kerZod, qarTuli eklesiisaTvis. sinamd-

vileSi, rogorc mesxeTSi, aseve hereTsa da qvemo qarTlSi da TviT somxeT-

Si mravlad cxovrobdnen erovnebiT qarTvelebi, sarwmunoebiT qalkedo-

nitebi an monofizitebi, tipikoniT VI-VIII ss-Si somxurenovanni, xolo IX-

X ss-Si qarTulenovanni. swored es qarTvelebi, yofili somxurenovani

tipikonis mqoneni, aarseben TavianT savaneebsa da centrebs saqarTvelos

sxva kuTxis mcxovreblebTan erTad. somxeTSi rom mravali qarTveli cx-


ovrobda, es Cans sxvadasxva arapirdapiri masalebidan. kirionic ki somxeT-

Si moRvaweobda da SemTxvevis gamo moiwvies qarTlSi, somxeTSi Sedioda

saqarTvelos mTeli provinciebi, mTeli qarTuli qveynebi. cxadia, am provin-

ciebidanac somxeTis politikur da kulturul centrebSic mravali qarTveli

Cavidoda sacxovreblad. e.i. adgili eqneboda migraciis process ganapira

kuTxeebidan qveynis savaWro, ekomonikur, administraciul, politikur da

kulturul centrebSi. es gamoiwvevda qarTuli mosaxleobis garkveuli

fenis Seqmnas somxeTSi. miT umetes, rom VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebamde

somxeTSi iseve cxovrobdnen qalkedonitebi, rogorc monofizitebi. asevea

Semdgom epoqaSic. arsebobs legenda, rom cnobili somexi filosofosi

daviT uZleveli warmoSobiT hereTidan iyo.

albaneTi da misi nawili hereT-sujeTi somxuri eklesiis `batonobis~

sferoSi Sedioda. hereTis teritoriaze mosaxleobis ena qarTuli iyo _

ojaxsa da SinaurobaSi, eklesiurad ki _ somxurenovani. am qarTuli mosax-

leobis tipikonis ena manamde iyo somxuri, sanamdec es qveynebi monofiz-

ituri iyo. X saukuneSi hereTis cnobili dedofilis, wmida dinaras meoxebiT,

hereTis eklesia daubrunda Tavis deda-qarTul, wmida ninos eklesias. amis

Semdeg hereTis mosaxleobas ukve mSobliuri qarTulenovani tipikoni aqvs.

`ukanaskneli wlebis gamokvlevebSi, vrceli faqtobrivi masalis moxmo-

bisa da gaanalizebis safuZvelze damajerebladaa dasabuTebuli, rom VII-X

ss. hereTis teritoriaze adgilobrivi mosaxleobis (herebis, sujebis) kul-

tura aRmosavlur-qarTul wres ganekuTvneboda, ena ki uciloblad qarTu-

li iyo; es miT ufro dabejiTebiT iTqmis garejis mravalmTis adgilobrivi

mosaxleobis Sesaxeb _ eWvgareSea, rom igi mTlianad qarTuli iyo~.162

magram faqtia, rom hereTSi da kerZod, garejSi arsebul sabereebis monas-

tris erT eklesiaSi somxuri warwerebic arsebobs qarTulTan erTad. cxa-

dia, monastrebSi myofi im qarTveli ZmebisaTvis, romlebmac ar icodnen

qarTuli wera-kiTxva, magram icodnen somxuri. am movlenis axsnac am peri-

odSi hereTis politikur-kulturuli mdgomareobiT SeiZleba. X saukuneSi

hereTi qalkedonituri gaxda, magram cxadia, SeuZlebeli iyo im dros

hereTSi erTbaSad damkvidrebuliyo maTTvis mSobliuri qarTuli ena RvTism-

saxurebaSi, somxuri enis nacvlad, im mizezis gamo, rom wera-kiTxvis mcodne

herebis umravlesobas wera-kiTxva bavSvobidanve somxur enaze hqonda Ses-

wavlili. maT, ubralod, wera-kiTxva qarTulad ar icodnen, Tumca, qarTvele-

bi iyvnen da qarTuli ena icodnen. magram literaturul saqmianobasac

somxurad misdevdnen, rogorc mTel albaneTSi. swored amis gamo hereTSi,

sabereebis monasterSi, qarTul warwerebTan erTad somxuri ganmartebiTi

warwerebi gaakeTes, rogorc hereTeli, aseve albaneTidan, an tao-klarjeTidan

mosuli somxurenovani qarTveli berebisaTvis. am qarTvelebisaTvis somxur

enaze gaakeTa warwerebi qarTvelma mxatvarma. somxuri warwerebis mxatvari

rom qarTvelia, damajereblad aqvs gamokvleuli z. sxirtlaZes.


aRiarebda Tu ara oficialuri qarTuli ekelesia qarTveli monofizite-

bis arsebobis faqts? marTalia, oficialuri qarTuli eklesia yovelTvis

uaryofda qarTuli eklesiis, rogorc mTliani erTeulis mwvaleblobis

raime gzaze dgomas, magram aRiarebda calkeuli kuTxis garkveul period-

Si monofizitobas. magaliTad, miRebulia, rom X saukunemde hereTi monofiz-

ituri iyo da am saukuneSi hereTis dedofalma dinaram es kuTxe Tavisi

Svilis, iSxanikis SemweobiT qalkedonitobaze moaqcia. ioane xelaSvilis

xelnawerebSi arsebobs mosaxsenebeli, romelSic mowiwebiT moixseneba ded-

ofali dinara da misi TanamoRvaweni, monofizitobidan hereTis aTasobiT

mcxovrebis momaqcevelni, e.i. XIX saukunis qarTuli eklesiisaTvis ar aris

ucxo is, rom X saukunemde qarTveli monofizitebis aramciredi ricxvi

arsebobda. hereTsa da kerZod garejSi, romelic curtavidan ar iyo didi

manZiliT dacilebuli, qarTveli monofizitebis saeklesio da oficialuri

mimarTvis ena somxuri iyo. amis Sesaxeb unda migviTiTebdes daviT gareje-

lis cxovrebaSi aRwerili erTi cnoba. daviTi samoRvaweod Cadis garejSi,

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis qalkedonitobaze mosaqcevad. mosaxleobis erTi

nawili, romelic Tavisi sarwmunoebis, monofizitobis erTguli iyo, cudad

iRebs axal moRvawes. qarTveli monofizitebis sarwmunoebis ena, cxadia,

somxuria, amitomac daviTi, imisaTvis, raTa kidev ufro ar gaaRizianos

adgilobrivi monadire, somxur enaze pasuxobs.

`mas Jamsa Sina movida barbarozi vinme naTesavi adgiliTgan ruisTavisa-

Ta... da hrqua: `vinaA xar Sen?~ miugo man somxuriTa eniTa...~163 somxuri eniT

pasuxi, Tu es simarTlea, kidev erTxel miuTiTebs adgilobrivi qarTuli

mosaxleobis sarwmunoebis enad somxuris gamoyenebas.

ase rom, hereTSi, tao-klarjeTSi, qvemo qarTlSi cxovrobdnen ara somexi

qalkedonitebi, aramed eklesiurad somxurenovani qarTvelebi.

maT unda emoRvawaT kidec somxur eklesiaSi, romelsac Tavis Tavs mi-

akuTvnebdnen. `lalians XIX saukunis bolos Cauweria Zveli somxuri gad-

mocema, romlis mixedviT daviT anhaRTa hereTeli keTilSobili gvarisa

iyo... cxadia, daviT uZlevelis somxuri warmoSobis uaryofa dausabuTebeli

da miuRebelia, magram misi (daviTis) qarTul azrovnebasTan kavSiris kate-

goriuli uaryofac gaumarTlebelia. daviT uZlevelis qarTuli azrovneb-

isagan mowyvetiT sruliad gaugebari da auxsneli gaxdeba misi saqarTveloSi

gadmosaxlebis faqti~.164 SeiZleba aseTive warmoSobisa iyo somxeTis kaTa-

likosi nerse iSxneli, kaci Rirsi da marTlmorwmune, rogorc arseni

safareli uwodebs.165 aseTive simpaTiiT moixseniebs somxeTis am qalkedonit

kaTalikoss ̀ grigol xanZTelis cxovrebac~. iSxnis mSenebeli netari nerse

kaTalikosi, Cans, adgilobrivi warmoSobisa iyo, somxurenovani, somxuri ek-

lesiis wevri, rogorc mTlianad es kuTxe. qarTul-somxuri eklesiebis

saboloo ganyofis Semdeg (VIII s-is pirveli naxevridan) mesxeTis es miwa


qarTulenovani xdeba da iSxnis kaTedras aRorZinebs qarTveli episkoposi

_ `nebiTa RmrTisaATa iqmna saba ebiskopos iSxansa zeda, netarisa nerse

kaTalikozisa aRmSenebulsa kaTolike eklesiasa da saydarsa missa, romeli

weliwadTa mravalTa daqvrivebul iyo~.166

mosazrebaa, TiTqosda `...petriwonis qarTul monasterSi... yofila somexi

qalkedoniti beri, saxelad gvirpeli. mas aq mcire xniT Seufarebia Tavi,

aqve monaTlula, rameTu somexi iyo da arseni uwodebs~.167 safiqrebelia,

rom ara erovnebiT somexi gvirpeli moinaTla, aramed sarwmunoebiT ̀ somexi~

da erovnebiT qarTveli. `...radgan maSin somexi saxeli, es marto eris

aRmniSvneli saxelwodeba ki ar iyo, aramed igi konfensionaluri gagebiTac

ixmareboda~.168 gvirpeli konfensiiT, anu aRmsarebloba-sarwmunoebiT iyo

somexi, xolo erovnebiT _ qarTveli.

qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli iyo kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac xelaxla

unda monaTluliyo monofiziti, Tuki is qalkedonituri eklesiis wevrad

gaxdomas isurvebda. am kanonis ZaliT sarwmunoebiT somexi, xolo gvar-

tomiT qarTveli gvirpeli xelaxla moinaTla. ase rom, gvirpeli ki ar

`gaqarTvelda~, aramed somxuri sarwmunoeba uaryo.

imis Semdeg, rac VI saukuneSi sparseTma mospo qarTuli saxelmwifoe-

brioba, qarTul eklesias ucdia Tavis xelSi aeRo ara mxolod sasuliero

zedamxedveloba qveynisa, aramed saeroc. es gansakuTrebiT gamoCnda VII-

VIII saukuneebSi, roca arabebi devnidnen vaxtan gorgaslis _ `xosroian~

mefeTa STamomavlebs, xolo bagrationebis xelisufleba jer kidev ar iyo

ganmtkicebuli. am rTul dros, roca mterma mospo qveynis adgilobrivi

administraciuli sammarTvelo aparati, saeklesio mmarTveloba (kaTaliko-

si da episkoposebi) iqcnen kanonierebisa da wesrigis warmomadgenlebad. es

kargad Cans serapion zarzmelis cxovrebaSi, roca samcxis TemSi didi

mTavrebi erTmaneTs waekidnen, mawyverelma episkoposma SeZlo maTi damor-

Cileba da saero xelisuflebis xelSi aReba. `samcxis umaRles saeklesio

ierarqs am qveynis mTeli ̀ gangeba~ ugdia xelT da is Tavis ̀ sabrZaneblad~

gadauqcevia. mawyverelma, SfoTis amtexTa (`pirvel meSfoTeTa~) e.i. moklu-

li feodalis adgil-mamulic _ rogorc patronma, amowyvetili ymis mamuli

_ TavisTvis daitova~.169

rogorc Cans, qarTuli eklesia marTavda kaxeTs ̀ qorepiskoposis~ institu-

tis meSveobiT, radganac iq arc samefo da arc sxva mTeli qveynis momcve-

li xelisufleba ar arsebobda. `qorepiskoposi Tavisi Tavdapirveli Si-

naarsiT, sofluri dasaxlebis mxareSi episkoposis xelisuflebis gamtare-

blad gamodis, magram wanarTa qorepiskoposma Cans, TandaTan, feodalizaci-

is procesis Sesabamisad, miitaca saero xelisufleba, saero da sasuliero

xelisuflebis erTi piris xelSi gaerTianebis aseTi tradicia ucxo ar


aris saqarTvelos mTianeTis mosaxleobisaTvis~.170 IX saukuneSi am xelisu-

fals Tavisi sasuliero funqcia daukargavs da saero Sinaarsi miuRia.171

qarTul eklesias Zala da gavlena unda hqonoda TbilisSic. wmida

konstanti-kaxi `vidre pyrobil-Ra iyo mowame qristesi tfiliss Sina, miw-

era wignebi yovelTa mimarT meudabnoeTa qalaqisaTa da mamasaxlisTa mo-

nastrisaTa~.172 Txzulebidan Cans, rom konstanti-kaxma werilebi miswera

TbilisSi arsebuli monastrebis berebs. aqedan Cans, rom arabTa mflobelo-

bis drosac ki TbilisSi qarTul eklesias gavlena ar daukargavs. Cans,

arabTa amira grZnobda qarTuli eklesiis Zalas da gadauwyvetia tao-

klarjeTSi qarTuli eklesiis daxmarebiT am mxareebze kontrolis dawese-

ba. amitomac uWerda mxars anCis saepiskoposo saydarze Tavis warmomadge-

nels, episkopos cqirs. rodesac samcxeSi mowveulma saeklesio krebam igi

ganaSora saepiskoposo saydars, cqiri `tfiliss warvida sahak amirisa,

patronisa Tavisisave~.173 igi saydridan mouSorebiaT aSot kurapalatis,

qarTlis kaTalikosis da misgan gamogzavnili `Rirsi episkoposebis~ da

meudabnoe mamebis nebiT.174 eklesia iseTi didi Zalaa, rom moicavs mTel

saqarTvelos, Tumca ki politikurad daqucmacebuls. am Zalis gamoyeneba

surT rogorc Tbilisis amiras, ise sxva kuTxeTa mmarTvelebs.

T. papuaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, IX-X saukuneebSi saqarTvelos teritori-

aze erTiani xelisuflebis ararsebobis dros eklesia cdilobda, dapiri-

spireboda saero xelisuflebas da upiratesoba moepovebina masze _ àseTi

ganwyobilebis gamomxatvelia `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~. giorgi mer-

Cule cdilobs, dagvanaxos eklesiis ufleba batonobaze, gviCvenos misi

avtoriteti da gavlena saero cxovrebaze. saamiso cnobebi sakmaod mrav-

lad moipoveba mis TxzulebaSi~.175 VI-VIII saukuneebSi, maSin, roca saqarTvelo-

Si ara Tu saerTo xelisufleba, kuTxeebSi feodaluri samTavroebic ki ar

arsebobda. mefis adgilze mjdomi stefanozic did moridebasa da mowiwe-

bas amJRavnebs monasterTa da sasuliero xelisufalTa mimarT, rogorc es

`wmida Siosa da evagres cxovrebidan~ Cans. asurel mamaTa mowafeebi jer

kidev VI-VII saukuneebSi gadasulan tao-klarjeTSi da iq dauwyiaT samo-

nastro Rvawli. p. ingoroyvas Tanaxmad, aseTi yofila wmida Sio mRvimelis

mowafe miqaeli. saerTod ki, samonastro cxovrebas tao-klarjeTSi safuZve-

li Cayria vaxtang gorgaslis dros, rodesac man aq opizis monasteri

daaarsa. vaxtangma àRaSena cixe artanujisa da monasteri, romel ars

opizisa, da samni eklesiani: dabisa, merisa da Sindobisa, da ganaaxla cixe

axizisa da qmna igi qvabad~. opizis monasteri _ Tavidanve qarTuli iyo. Tu

igi Semdgom, rogorc k. kekeliZe fiqrobs somxuri gaxda, swored aRniSnuli

saeklesio mtaceblobis gamo. saerTod, taos mxareebis qarTulobas isic

amtkicebs, rom maT bizantielebma ìberiis Temi~ uwodes.


avtokefaliis arsi _ `episkoposTa kurTxevaTavisive episkoposebis mier~

`roca III msoflio kreba icavda kviprosis eklesiis avtokefalias, ar

gauxsenebia am eklesiis arc erTi ufleba, garda misive episkoposTa ufleb-

isa Tavisi episkoposebisganve mieRoT qirotonia da amaSi xedavs sxva

eklesiaTa avtokefaliis arss _ `kviprosis eklesiis zedamdgomT hqondeT

Tavisufleba... xeli TviTve daasxan dadgenil RvTismoSiS episkoposebs.

igive, dae, dacul iqnas sxva olqebSi (diocezebSi) da yvela eparqiebSi

(mitropolitebSi), _ naTqvamia me-8 kanonSi... avtoritetuli kanonistebi

avtokefaliis arss xedaven swored mocemuli ekelesiis episkoposTa xel-

dasxmaSi Tavisive episkoposebis mier: `miaqcie yuradReba _ rCevas iZleva

Teodore balsamoni, II msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis ganmartebisas _ rom am

kanonis Tanaxmad, provinciebis yvela mitropoliti avtokefaluria da xel-

dasxmuli iyo Tavisive krebis mier (aTeni. sint. II, 171)... ar emorCilebian

arc erT patriarqs bulgareTis, kviprosis, iberiis eklesiebi, radganac am

eklesiebis mRvdelmTavrebi, rogorc wesi, qirotonias Tavisive episkoposTa

mier iReben~, _ wers Tavis alfabetur sintagmaSi maTe blastaresi (aTen.

sint. VI, 258)... avtokefaliis aseTive wesiT ganisazRvreba yvela avtoke-

faluri eklesiis mowyobis safuZvlebi.176

Cvenamde moRweulia, SeiZleba iTqvas, oqmi saeklesio krebisa, romelic

Sedga IX saukuneSi da romelmac airCia iberiis kaTalikosi. igi Semonax-

ulia 951 wels daweril giorgi merCules naSromSi: `SromaA da moRua-

weobaA grigol arqimandritisa xanZTisa da Satberdisa aRmaSeneblisa~,

romelic asaxavs VIII-IX sakuneebis saqarTvelos politikur, socialur,

sarwmunoebriv da kulturul cxovrebas. am naSromSi gadmocemul movlena-

Ta mimdinareoba aseTia: aSot kurapalatis (gard. 826 w.) Zis xelmwife

guaram mamfalis iniciativiT javaxeTSi mowveul iqna saeklesio kreba,

romelsac unda gamoerCia kaTalokosi _ meTauri qarTuli eklesiisa. am

krebamde cota xniT adre erT-erTi provinciis `samcxis ers~ gavleniani

episkoposebis `mZlavrobiT~ ukurTxebia da daudgenia `TanadgomiTa da

kurTxeviTa mciredTa episkoposTa... didi arseni kaTolike eklesiasa, qristHs

kuarTisa samkYdrebelsa mcxeTas, qarTlisa kaTalikozad~.177

vinaidan arsen didis kaTolikosad kurTxeva momxdara kanonikuri wese-

bis darRveviT, amitom guaram mamfalma gadawyvita gaeuqmebina wina krebis

dadgenileba da `brZana SekrebaA episkoposTaA da udabnoAsa mamaTaA~.178

kreba asea aRwerili: jer dabrZandeba mefe da brZanebs saeklesio pirTa,

`moweseTa~, `Semokrebas~. pirvel sityvas warmoTqvams mefe: Tavis sityvaSi

exeba `Sjuliskanons~, e.i. msoflio krebaTa kanonebsa da mamaTa kanonebs:

`...iciT yovelTa kanoni SjulisaA, rameTu ara brZanebs episkoposisa da


kaTalikozisa mZlavrobiT dajdomasa~.179 es winadadeba motanilia mociqulTa

kanonebidan da msoflio krebaTa dadgenilebebidan. guaram mamfali yofi-

la sjuliskanonis kargi mcodne, da amitomac is am krebaze kanonTa ̀ Sjulisaca

mravalTa sityuaTa ityoda~.180

grigol xanZTels, romelic eswreboda am saeklesio krebas, ar moewona mefe

guaram mamfalis aqtiuroba da ganucxada mas, rom _ ̀ ...wmidaTa mociqulTa da

RirsTa maT mRdelT-moZRuarTa gansazRvrebulsa kanonsa Sina arave brZaneb-

ul ars eriskacisaA, viTarmca episkoposTa da wesisa winamZRuarTa mamaTa

gansagebelisa moZRurebisa ikadrebda...~181 e.i. mociqulTa da mRvdelmTavarTa

(wmida mamaTa) kanonebSi ar weria, rom eriskacma ikadros da ganagos sjulis-

moZRvreba episkoposTa da saeklesio wesebis mcodne mamaTa magier. amiT

grigol xanZTelma sityva mouWra guaram mamfals. mefe arsen didis kaTali-

kosad dadgenas miiCnevda samociqulo kanonebisa da krebaTa kanonebis dar-

Rvevad, romelTa Tanaxmadac, ar SeiZleboda mZlavrobiT saepiskoposo da

sakaTalikoso taxtis daWera. arseni ki swored Zlieri da gavleniani aznau-

ris, mirianis (mamamisisa) da samcxis eris mZlavrobiT gamxdara kaTalikosi

(rac mefis gareSe daudasturebia wina saeklesio krebas).

guaram mamfali saeklesio kanonebiT _ `SjulismoZRvrebiT~ _ umtkiceb-

da krebas amgvari moqmedebis ukanonobas.

grigol xanZTelma mefes miugo, rom imave kanonebSi, romelsac Sen iyeneb,

arc is weria, eriskacma (am SemTxvevaSi guaramma) episkoposebs sjulis-

kanoni aswavloso. grigolma ganacxada, rom msoflio saeklesio krebebs

eswrebodnen mefeni, magram isini wmida mamebs ki ar aswavlidnen sjuls da

sjulismoZRvrebas ki ar kadrulobdnen, piriqiT, wmida mamebisagan eZiebd-

nen sjuls, maTgan iTxovdnen RvTis sityvaTa axsnas, radgan maTgan RvTis

mcnebebi iswavleba da ara piriqiTo: `...uwyodi, rameTu pirvelTa wmidaTa

maT mamaTa Sekrebasa episkoposTa... Tana iyvnes pirvelni morwmuneni mefeni.

ara Tu maT Tana Sjulis-moZRurebasa ikadrebdes, aramed rjulis gamoZie-

basa maTsa ikiTxian da iTxoian sityYsa gamocxadebaA, rameTu maT mier

iswavebdes mcnebaTa RmrTisaTa~...182 amitom, grigolis sityviT, saeklesio

krebaze eriskacis (Tundac mefis) sityva gonieri da samarTlianic rom

iyos, mainc rjulisa da episkoposTa Seuracxyofa ariso. eriskacis sityva

`...daRacaTu samarTlad sagonebel iyos, aramed Sjulisa da mRdelT-moZRu-

arTa SeuracxebaA ars...~183

javaxeTSi Sekrebilma qarTuli eklesiis adgilobrivma saeklesio kre-

bam daiyolia guaram mamfali da kaTalikosad daadgina is piri, romelmac

episkoposTa umravlesobis xma miiRo.

aqedan Cans, rom sworia `qarTlis cxovreba~, rodesac wers: qarTuli

eklesiis meTauri, anu `...kaTalikozi qarTlisa xelqveiT ara ars patriarq-

Ta da ara ikurTxevian patriarqTagan... rameTu Tavisufal ars da mociqul-

Ta magieri, mociqulTa taxtsa zeda mjdomi da patriarqi~.184


`qarTlis cxovrebis Tanaxmad, VII saukuneSi qarTul eklesias VI msof-

lio krebisagan araTu avtokefalia, aramed sapatriarqo eklesiad wodebis

Rirsebac ki miuRia. es gasaocrad ar mogveCveneba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom VII

saukunis bolos, somxur wyaroTa Tanaxmad, iberiis mezobel somxeTisa da

albaneTis eklesiebis meTaurebsac hqoniaT patriarqis tituli.

javaxeTis saeklesio krebam kaTalikosad daadgina arseni, krebis Semdeg

mas axares (is krebas ar eswreboda): `...moZRuarman Senman, grigol mamaman,

daamtkica kaTalikozobaA Seni~.185

moyvanili saeklesio krebis oqmi naTlad uCvenebs, rom qarTlis kaTaliko-

sis kurTxevaSi ar monawileobs ucxo eklesiebis arc erTi patriarqi. qarTuli

eklesia IX saukuneSi srulebiT damoukidebeli da Tavisufali iyo.

aseTive mdgomareobaa VIII saukuneSic: qarTveli kaTalikosi xels asxams

ucxoel guTeTis episkoposs. berZnuli wyaroebiT dadasturebulia, rom

guTeTis episkoposis kurTxeva moxda iberiaSi.

guTeTis eklesia eqvemdebareboda konstantinopolis sapatriarqos, rad-

ganac qalkedonis krebis 28-e kanonis Tanaxmad, pontos diocezi Tavisi

saeklesio gavlenis sfero alania-guTeTiT da sxva barbarosTa Crdilo

mxareebiT konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi Sevida.

VIII saukuneSi, mas Semdeg, rac konstantinopoli xatmebrZolebis xelSi

aRmoCnda, guTeTma gawyvita kavSiri konstantinopolTan, rogorc aramarTl-

madidebel eklesiasTan da eZebda sxva sapatriarqos, sadac episkoposs

akurTxebda. guTeTis eklesia iyo mitropolia. arsebobs mosazreba, rom es

eklesia 8 saepiskopososgan Sedgeboda, Tumca es saeWvoa.186

lev III-is memkvidris, konstantine V kopronimis (743-775), mier 754 wels

konstantinopolSi mowveulma saeklesio krebam xatTayvaniscemis akrZalva

daadastura. krebaze damswre guTTa episkoposi, radganac man krebis gada-

wyvetilebas xeli moawera, Trakiis herakliis mitropolitad daniSnes. am

mizeziT 754 wlidan guTeTis saepiskoposo kaTedra Tavisufali darCa.

guTeTis marTlmadidebelma mosaxleobam episkoposad ioane airCia, magram

misi kurTxeva gaWirda, radganac konstantinopoli mwvaleblebs eWiraT.

`ioane guTelis cxovrebaSi~ arsebuli cnobiT, _ wers v. goilaZe, _ igi

jer wmida miwaze, ierusalimSi gaemgzavra. aq sami weli icxovra, magram

xeldasxmuli ar iqna. ukanve guTeTSi dabrunebuli ioane adgilobrivma

mosaxleobam iberiaSi gamoagzavna xeldasasxmelad, sadac igi guTeTis episko-

posad daadgines. sxva cnobiT iberiaSi Camosvlamde ioane antioqiaSi cdi-

lobda xeldasxmas, magram amaod.

VIII saukunis 50-ian wlebSi iberiaSi guTeTis episkoposis xeldasxma

naTlad miuTiTebs, rom qarTuli eklesia avtokefaluria VIII saukuneSi.

ufro metic, kaTalikos-patriarq kirion II-s gamouTqvams mosazreba, rom

ioane guTelis qarTlSi (iberiaSi) kurTxevis Semdeg guTeTis eparqia iberiis

eklesias daemoCila.187


amas TiTqosda isic adasturebs, rom afxazeTis (qvemo iberiis) sakaTali-

kosos iurisdiqciis Crdilo sazRvari iyo kafa, romelic xersonesTan

axlo guTeTSi mdebareobda.

iberiis eklesia daarsebisTanave didi eklesia iyo. 506 wels somxeTis

dedaqalaqSi amierkavkasiis xalxTa saeklesio krebaze iberiidan kaTalik-

osis meTaurobiT Casuli iyo 24 episkoposi. SeuZlebelia iberiidan somx-

eTSi yvela episkoposi Casuliyo. erTi wyaros Tanaxmad, am saukuneSi iberi-

is eklesiaSi 35 episkoposi iyo. episkoposTa didi raodenobis gamo iberia-

Si ori sakaTalikoso Seiqmna, sadac episkoposebi da sakaTalikosoTa me-

Taurebi TviT iberiel episkoposTa mier iyvnen xeldasxmulni. amas zemoT

moyvanili wyaroebic adastureben.

abo Tbilelis `qarTvelobisa~ da `qarTvelTa sisxliTmonaTesaobis eTnikuri momentis~ Sesaxeb

`grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~ gadamweris mier, erTi qaragmis araswo-

rad gaxsnam XX saukunis zogierT did istorikoss safuZveli misca ise

gaego merCulis cnoba, TiTqosda qarTlis sakaTalikosos IX saukunemde

mironis kurTxevis ufleba ar hqonda da dasavleT saqarTvelos pirvelad

IX-X saukuneSi ewoda qarTli, aq qarTul enaze RvTismsaxurebis gavr-

celebis gamo gamoiTqva azri, rom giorgi merCulem pirvelma uwoda afx-

azeTs _ e.i dasavleT saqarTvelos `qarTli~, iq qarTuli saeklesio enis

gavrcelebis gamo, da daaskvnes, rom qarTveli xalxi Camoyalibda X-XI

saukuneebSi, radganac swored am dros ewoda dasavleT saqarTvelos mo-

saxleobas ̀ qarTvelebi~, xolo qveyanas ̀ qarTli~, razedac merCule werso.

mkvlevari wers _ `giorgi merCulis TvalsazrisiT, erovnul erTianobas

safuZvlad udevs saerTo qristianuli kulturis miCneva, serTo qarTuli

eniT~. mkvlevaris azriT, romelic imeorebs aRiarebul Tvalsazriss _

`kulturuli erToba win uswrebs politikurs~ da es ̀ kulturuli erToba~,

anu ̀ qristianuli ideologia iyo ̀ qarTvelTa maSindeli eTnikuri erTiano-

bis (feodaluri eris) erT-erTi niSan-piroba~.188

qarTuli qristianuli kultura miiCneva bazad, romelzedac daemyara

qarTuli erovnuli erToba. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo-

Si X saukuneSi qarTuli qristianuli kulturis gavrcelebis gamo, am

kulturis mimRebi xalxi iqca qarTvelebad~. qarTuli qristianuli kul-

turis gavrceleba Turme `...xdis SesaZleblad qarTuli kulturis areal-

Si sxva erovnebisa da rjulis warmomadgenelTa moqcevas... `qarTvelis~

cneba mainc uSualod qristianobas ukavSirdeba~.189 Turme, Tu araqarTveli

da araqristiani miiRebda qarTul qristianul kulturas, e.i. qarTul enas,

is ukve `eTnikurad `qarTveli~ xdeboda. ufro metic, Turme `qarTveli~


(`qarTvelTa naTesavi~)... niSnavs qarTuli feodaluri kulturis Tanaziars.

misgan savsebiT gamoiricxeba sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri momenti~.190 ̀ grigol

xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ sruliad ar Cans misi avtoris giorgi merCulis

Tvalsazrisi, TiTqosda mas qarTuli erovnuli erTianobis safuZvlad qris-

tianuli kultura miaCnda saerTo qarTuli eniT. sinamdvileSi is uxsnis

mkiTxvels, Tu ratom ar mieca mis dros axlad Seqmnil afaxazeTis sakaTa-

likosos mironis kurTxevis ufleba afxazeTSive, e.i. dasavleT saqarTveloSi.

Tu ratom ganewesa afxazeTisaTvis saWiro mironis kurTxeva qarTlis sakaTa-

likosoSi, Tu ratom unda mieRo Tavisi eklesiisaTvis saWiro mironi afx-

azeTis sakaTalikosos qarTlis sakaTalikososgan. amis mizezad giorgi

merCule asaxelebs imas, rom afxazeTis qveyana, e.i. dasavleTi saqarTvelo,

qarTlis qveynis nawilia. merCule ar gulisxmobs da ar wers, rom mis

dros, mis saukuneSi gaxda dasavleT saqarTvelo (afxazeTi) qarTlis qvey-

nis nawili, piriqiT, is am sakiTxSi garkveul pirebs mxolod Seaxsenebs, rom

axal sakaTalikosoSi wirva-locvis ena qarTuli enaa, da radganac afxaze-

Tis eklesia qarTuli eklesiis nawilia, amitomac man mcxeTidan _ qarTlis

sakaTalikosodan unda miiRos mironi da ara aqvs ufleba TviTve akurTxos

igi. daaxloebiT aseTi azri unda Caedo merCules Tavis cnobaSi. is msjelobs

wminda saeklesio sakiTxebze da ara imaze, Tu qarTul erovnul erTianobas

ra edo safuZvlad.

giorgi merCulis sruliad patiosani cnobis Seusabamo gagebis gamo XX

saukuneSi daaskvnes, TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas `qar-

Tvelni~ ewoda mxolod da mxolod imis gamo, rom maT Turme X saukuneSi

miuRiaT ̀ qarTuli feodaluri kultura~ _ anu qarTul enaze wirva-locva.

aseTi daskvna saerTod niko maridan momdinareobs, swored amitom akri-

tikebda n. mari iv. javaxiSvils, maSin roca, iv. javaxiSvili megrelebs,

svanebs da Wanebs `qarTvelebs~ uwodebda jer kidev maT mier qristianobis

miRebamde da asubuTebda kidec amas.

ara marto niko mari, aramed XIX saukunisa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi

garkveuli wreebi amtkicebdnen, TiTqosda qarTuli ena da qarTuli kultu-

ra qristianobis produqti iyo (e.i. TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTvelos mo-

saxleoba qarTuli kulturis Semoqmedi ki ar iyo, aramed amTvisebeli da

TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTuli ena qristianobis Semdeg gavr-

celda). ivane javaxiSvilma miznad daisaxa eCvenebina, rom es wreebi cde-

bodnen. is wers: winaT egonaT, rom qarTuli ena da kultura qristianobis

xanisa da garkveuli saxelmwifoebriobis Semoqmedebis nayofiao.

mecnierma gamoikvlia, rom qarTuli ena qristianobis miRebis Semdeg ki

ar gavrcelda samegrelosa da svaneTSi, aramed qristianobamde didi xniT

adre igi yvela qarTvelisaTvis, maT Soris megrel-svanTaTvisac, saerTo ena

iyo; ufro metic, maT qristianobis miRebamde saerTo warmarTuli sarwmu-


noeba gaaCndaT da kultmsaxureba am sarwmunoebisa erT _ qarTul enaze

mimdinareobda.

iv. javaxiSvili wers: `qarTuli ena qarTlel-kaxel-imerel-gurulebisa

da megrel-svanebisaTvis saerTo enaa, magram igi, rogorc winaT egonaT,

TiTqosda qristianobis xanisa da garkveuli saxelmwifoebriobis Semoqme-

debis nayofia. arsebobda ki Tu ara qristianobamde aseTi saerTo niadagi

qarTveli eris saerTo warmarTuli sarwmunoebrivi SemoqmedebisaTvis, iyo Tu

ara aseTi saerTo Semoqmedeba, erTi sityviT, arsebobda Tu ara yvela qarTveli

tomisaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvis, saerTo qarTuli warmarToba?~191

mecnierma dasmul kiTxvas ase upasuxa: `aramcTu sazogado qarTuli, yve-

la qarTvel tomTaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvisac, saerTo

warmarToba arsebobda, aramed am warmarTobas saerTo terminologiac, saerTo

enac qarTuli hqonia~.192

ivane javaxiSvils aseTi mtkice poziciisaTvis usayvedura n. marma: ̀ unda

aRvniSno, rom akad. n. mari misayvedurebs, rom megrelebs, svanebs... me qarTvelebs

vuwodeb...~193

qarTuli ena `...es TviT akad. n. marsac kargad moexseneba da TviTonac

araerTxel daudasturebia, megrelebisa da svanebisTvisac erTaderTi sam-

werlobo da kulturis ena iyo da aris exlac, romlis Seqmna-SemuSaveba-

Sic megrelebsa da svanebs TavianTi wvlili aqvT Setanili~.194

n. maris mier tendenciurad gagebuli giorgi merCulis aRniSnuli cno-

bidan Semdegi daskvnebi gamomdinareobs: _ `...magram `qarTvelis~ cneba

mainc uSualod qristianobas ukavSirdeba~.195 TiTqosda cneba `qarTvelisa-

gan~ `...savsebiT gamoiricxeba sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri momenti~.196

`naTesaviT qarTveli~ swored erTi sisxlis, erTi eTnikuri warmoSobis

`naTesavs~ _ e.i. erTi Teslidan, erTi genisagan `naTes~ _ warmoSobil

xalxs hqvia da rogorRa gamoiricxeba misgan `sisxliT naTesaobis eTni-

kuri momenti~? Tu cneba `qarTvelisagan~ `sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri

momenti~ gamovricxeT, vinRa darCeba? darCeba sul `sxvadasxva~ eTnikuri

warmoSobis tomebis konglomerati, romelnic, Turme, Tavis Tavs ̀ qarTvelebs~

uwodebdnen qristianuli sarwmunoebis gamo. Turme `qristiani~ da `qarTve-

li~ erTi da imave mniSvnelobis mqone sinonimebi yofilan. aqedan daskvna:

qarTvelebi `gaCndnen~ IV-V saukunis Semdgom, Tanac es `qarTvelebi~ mx-

olod aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi cxovrobdnen, dasavleT saqarTvelos mo-

saxleobas ki qarTvelebi ewodaT X saukunis Semdgom, iq ̀ qarTuli feodaluri

kulturis~ _ qarTul enaze wirva-locvis SemoRebis gamoo.

magram Cven viciT, rom qarTveli sarwmunoebiT SeiZleboda yofiliyo ara

mxolod qristiani, aramed cecxlTayvanismcemeli da warmarTi: `...iranis

administracias qarTlis mTavrobisagan mouTxovia: `vinca qarTveli nebiTa

TvisiTa aRirCevdes sjulsa Cvensa nu ayenebTo~.197


gana is `qarTveli~, romelic iranis administraciis moTxovniT Tavis

sarwmunoebad cecxlTayvanismcemlobas airCevda, kvlav qarTveli ar iqne-

boda? aq arCevazea laparaki, e.i. Tuki mounaTlavi, araqristiani qarTveli

`airCevda~ Tavis sarwmunoebad ara qristianobas, aramed cecxlTayvanism-

cemlobas, adgilobriv xelisuflebas ufleba ar hqonda Careuliyo misi

piradi sindisis saqmeSi, swored amazea laparaki. mounaTlavi, e.i. jer

kidev araqristiani qarTveli iseve aris erovnebiT qarTveli, rogorc

sarwmunoebiT cecxlTayvanismcemeli, warmarTi anda qristiani qarTveli.

gana qarTlis `wvrili eri~ sarwmunoebiT cecxlTayvanismcemeli ar iyo,

razedac wers mematiane? gana warmarTuli qristianobamdeli qarTveloba

ar unda CaiTvalos qarTvelobad maTi mounaTlaobis gamo? swored amito-

mac cneba `qarTvelSi~ sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri momentia arsebiTi da

mTavari, radganac im epoqaSi `qarTveli~ ara sarwmunoebrivi Sinaarsis

mqone termini, aramed eTnikuri Sinaarsis matarebeli termini iyo, romelic

mianiSnebda erovnul kuTvnilebas da ara sarwmunoebrivs.

iseTi daskvnebi, rogoricaa ̀ qarTveli, niSnavs qarTuli feodaluri kul-

turis Tanaziars, misgan savsebiT gamoiricxeba sisxliT naTesaobis eTni-

kuri momenti... `qarTvelis~ cneba mainc uSualod qristianobas ukavSirde-

ba~ da a.S. _ Turme gamomdinareobs iqidan, rom sagaloblebSi abo Tbilels

`qarTvels~ uwodeben. marTlac, cnobilia, rom abo Tbileli erovnebiT ara-

bia, magram mas ramdenime krebulSi ̀ qarTvels~ uwodeben; es im dros, roca

TviT avtorebma da redaqtorebma kargad ician, rom abo erovnebiT ar aris

qarTveli. amis gamo, mkvlevari msjelobs: Tuki abo Tbilels qristianobis

miRebis Semdeg uwodes ̀ qarTveli~, cxadia, ̀ qarTveli~ niSnavs ara erovnebiT

qarTvels, aramed `qarTuli feodaluri kulturis Tanaziars~ da misgan

`savsebiT gamoiricxeba sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri momenti~.

`swored amas adasturebs abo Tbilelis

misamarTiT Tqmuli `galobani naTelTani da

habo ismaitel-yofilisa qarTvelisa~ (stefane

Wyondideli); `xsenebaA RuawliT Semosilisa

uZlevelisa mowamisa habo ismaitel-yofilisa

qarTvelisaA (miqael modrekili). abo qarTve-

lia, is himnografebs aRar miaCniaT sarkinozad

mas Semdeg, rac man aRiara qarTuli feodaluri

kultura, qarTuli qalkedonituri qristianoba

da Tavic Seswira, e.i. gaqarTvelda~.198

sinamdvileSi abo Tbilels, Tavis droze,

`qarTveli~ uwodes ara imis gamo, rom man

mahmadianoba uaryo da qristianoba miiRo, aq

ufro faqiz momentTan gvaqvs saqme: esaa VII-


VIII saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi gaCaRebuli religiuri omi. am periodSi,

iseve rogorc VI saukuneSi, saqarTvelo monofizitTa da qalkedonitTa

omis areals warmoadgens.

IX-X saukuneebi aris rogorc qarTvel monofizitTa devnisa da ganad-

gurebis, aseve qarTvel qalkedonitTa zeobisa da gamarjvebis saukuneebi.

VIII da wina saukuneebSi qarTul eklesiaSi monofizituri mimdinareoba

sakmaod Zlier frTas qmnida. qarTvel monofizitebs gaaCndaT somxuridan

naTargmni an redaqtirebuli mdidari qarTulenovani saeklesio liter-

atura: monofizituri Txzulebebi, wmidanTa cxovrebebi, sagaloblebi, himne-

bi da sxva. IX-X saukuneebSi gamarjvebulma qalkedonitebma daiwyes qarTu-

lenovani monofizituri saeklesio literaturis totaluri ganadgureba.

amdroindel qarTul eklesiaSi berZnulis mixedviT daiwyo xelaxali re-

daqtireba an Targmna im wmida wignebisa, romelnic naredaqtirevi anda

naTargmni iyo somxuri enidan. ispoboda wina saukuneTa iseTi Zeglebi,

romelnic eWvs iwvevdnen sarwmunoebrivi TvalsazrisiT. nadgurdeboda ara

marto saeWvo saeklesio literatura, aramed iseTi Txzulebebic ki,

romelnic mkiTxvels daaeWvebdnen somxur da qarTul eklesiebs Soris

Zveli urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb. aseTi Txzulebani qarTvel monofizitebs

mravlad unda hqonodaT. qarTvel monofizitebs orientacia somxur ekle-

siaze hqondaT aRebuli, romlis TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli eklesia warmoad-

genda somxuri eklesiis Semadgenel nawils, TiTqosda mas uflebamosileba

gaaCnda albanur da qarTul eklesiebze. somxuri eklesia qarTuls masSi

Semaval avtonomiur erTeulad miiCnevda da ar cnobda mis srul damoukide-

blobas. aseTi saxis urTierTobis kanonierebis damadasturebeli Txzule-

bani somxur eklesias mravlad gaaCnda. isini qarTvel monofizitebs naT-

argmni unda hqonodaT. swored aseT Txzulebebs anadgurebda qarTuli

eklesia Tavisi damoukideblobis dacvis mizniT.199

VIII saukuneSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo da saerTod qveyana, Zalze mZime

mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda arabebis Semosevis gamo (ramac gamoiwvia kidec

qarTlis saxelmwifos damxoba). aseT pirobebSi qarTul eklesias Zala ar

Seswevda, Seesustebina saqarTveloSi arsebul monofizitTa Zliereba (VIII

saukunis pirvel naxevarSi). maT saeWvod gauxdiaT qarTuli eklesiis somx-

uri eklesiisagan damoukidebeli arseboba da politika. wina wlebSi qarTuli

eklesia iZulebuli Seiqna, miemarTa antioqiis sapatriarqosaTvis da mieRo

misgan dadastureba, rom qarTuli eklesia srulebiT Tavisufali, avtoke-

faluri eklesiaa, magram Cans, es ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi da mainc somxur-

qarTuli tradiciuli `erTobis~ aRdgenis momxreTa ricxvi mravlad yofi-

la. maT surdaT somxur-qarTuli eklesiebis `erToba~ somxuri eklesiis

meTaurobiT.

IX-X saukuneSi, mas Semdeg, rac Seiqmna da ganmtkicda qarTuli erovnuli

saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebi tao-klarjeTSi, afxazeTSi, kaxeTSi, qarTuli


eklesia gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda da Seutia qarTvel monofizitebs. am

dros, rogorc aRiniSna, daiwyo qarTuli monofizituri literaturis ma-

sobrivi ganadgureba. savaraudoa, am dros misaRebi da miuRebeli Txzule-

bebis garCevis mizniT, qarTul eklesiaSi misaReb Txzulebebs awerdnen

pirobiT simbolur niSans _ `qarTuli~, `qarTveli~ e.i. qarTuli erovnuli

eklesiisaTvis misaRebi, qarTuli erovnuli eklesiis wmidani, xolo, albaT,

amgvari warweris gareSe tovebdnen, anda anadgurebdnen qarTulenovan mo-

nofizitur Txzulebebs.

safiqrebelia, rom swored am mizezTa gamo miuweres abo Tbilelis

sagalobels Tavdapirvelad simboluri niSani `qarTveli~, rac niSnavda,

rom abo Tbileli qarTuli erovnuli eklesiis wmidani iyo. es niSani im

areul dros icavda am Txzulebas ganadgurebisagan, Torem yvelam kargad

icoda, rom abo qarTveli ki ar iyo, aramed arabi, da ara ubralod arabi,

aramed wminda sisxlis arabi (amas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda

imdroindeli msoflios arabTa mier dapyrobis dros): `ese naSobi iyo

abrameani, ZeTagan ismaelisTa, tomisagan sarkinozTaAsa, da ara Tu ucxo-

Asagan Teslisa, arca xarWisgan Sobili, aramed yovladve arabielTa Tesli,

mamulad da dedulad, romlisaA mamaA misi da dedaA misi Zmani da dani

misni iyvnes munve qalaqsa mas Sina baRdads babilovnisasa~.200

IX-X saukuneTa avtori da redaqtori (stefane Wyondideli da miqael

modrekili) abosadmi sagangebod miZRvnil sagaloblebs saTaurad aweren:

`abo ismaitelyofili qarTveli~, orive mwerlis mier abos erTnairad mox-

seneba aCvenebs, rom ukve IX_X saukuneebSi qarTuli himnografia tradici-

ulad am wmidans ase moixseniebs.

rogorc aRiniSna, warwera `qarTveli~ aq aRniSnavs ara sarwmunoebriv,

aramed saeklesio kuTvnilebas; abo qarTuli erovnuli eklesiis wmidania

da ara sxva romelime, vTqvaT, qarTul-monofizituri eklesiisa, romelic im

dros somxuri eklesiis nawilad gadaiqca da amitomac qarTvel monofiz-

itebs IX-X saukuneebSi ̀ sarwmunoebiT somxebs~ uwodebdnen, ̀ somexi~ niSnav-

da ara eTnikurad somexs, aramed somxuri eklesiis wevrs. SeiZleboda, rom

eriT da gvartomobiT qarTveli, anu ̀ naTesaviT qarTveli~ somxuri eklesi-

is wevri yofiliyo, Tundac saqarTveloSi ecxovra. maT ̀ sarwmunoebiT somx-

ebs~ uwodebdnen, msgavsad im albanelebisa, romlebic albaneTSi cxovrobd-

nen, magram somxuri eklesiis wevrebi iyvnen (albanuri eklesia somxuri

eklesiis nawili iyo). es albanelebi kulturulad da eTnikurad, marTlac

gasomxdnen. mesxeTSi, da albaT sxvaganac, grigol xanZTelis epiqaSi mrav-

lad yofilan erovnebiT qarTveli, magram somxuri eklesiis wevri mcxovreb-

ni. aseTi `somxebi~ qarTuli eklesiis wyalobiT kvlav daubrundnen deda

eklesias. maT gansakuTrebiT uyvardaT xazgasmiT moxsenieba imisa, rom isini

eTnikurad, gvartomobiT, warmoSobiT _ ̀ naTesaviT~ qarTvelebi iyvnen.


sityva `qarTveli~ arc qalkedonobis aRmniSvneli termini yofila. amis

magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT is, rom miqael modrekilis krebulSi aris

himnebi, romelTac aqvT warwera `berZnuli~. Cans, VI-VII-VIII saukuneebSi

qarTul eklesiaSi yofila sagaloblebi siriul-somxur-aRmosavluri war-

moSobisa, Semdeg es sagaloblebi qarTuli eklesiis praqtikidan amouRiaT

da mouspiaT. qarTul erovnul eklesiaSi ZvelTaganve miRebuli sxva saga-

loblebic rom ar moespoT, maT gaukeTes warwera, niSani _ `qarTueli~. es

uflebas aZlevdaT, SeesrulebinaT sagalobeli. swored amgvarad qarTuli

erovnuli eklesiisaTvis misaRebi abo Tbilelisadmi miZRvnil sagalobels

Tavidanve gaukeTes warwera _ `qarTueli~. imis gamo, rom sagalobelTa

melodia saukuneTa manZilze erTi da igive rCeboda, xolo teqsti icvlebo-

da da xelaxla iwereboda, abo Tbilelis sagalobels sxvadasxva avtorebi

erTsa da imave saxels awerdnen. `qarTveli~ _ qarTuli erovnuli eklesi-

isadmi kuTvnils, qarTuli eklesiis wmidans niSnavda.

niko maris mier giorgi merCulis cnobis mcdarad gagebam gamoiwvia

iseTi daskvnebi, TiTqosda qarTuli X saukunis Semdgom gaxda dasavleT

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis kulturis ena, amitomac `naTesaviT qarTveli~

TiTqosda niSnavs ara erovnebiT, eTnikurad, geniT qarTvels, aramed kultu-

riT qarTvels, ufro metic, TviT aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic ki yofila

raRac `saxlebi~, romlebic TiTqos daviT aRmaSenebelma `daipyro da

gaqarTveldnen~.

iv. javaxiSvils gamowvlilviT aqvs gamorkveuli, rom qarTuli ena jer

kidev qristianobis miRebamde megrelebisa da svanebisaTvis iyo kultmsax-

urebis ena, ufro metic, qarTuli ena megrelebisa da svanebisaTvis erTad-

erTi samwerlobo da kulturis ena iyo, romlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSiac

megrelebsa da svanebs TavianTi wvlili aqvT Setanili. qarTuli damwer-

lobisa da literaturis arseboba IV-V saukuneebidanaa dadasturebuli.

am saukuneebSi samwerlo ena mxolod saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis _ wirva-

locvisa da samRvdlmsaxuro wignebisaTvis gamoiyeneboda. cxadia, Tuki

megrelebi da svanebi Semoqmedni arian qarTuli samwerlo enisa, am enas

gamoiyenebdnen kidec TavianTi saWiroebisaTvis, wirva-locvis dros IV-V

saukuneebSive. dasavleT saqarTvelo aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan erTad

gaqristianebula. iv. javaxiSvili wers: ̀ ...dasavleT saqarTveloSic IV sauku-

nis damdegidan qristianobas gza gakvleuli unda hqonoda~.201

qarTuli ena dasavleT saqarTveloSi kultmsaxurebis ena yofila ara

marto warmarTobis, aramed qristianobis miRebis drosac _ IV-V saukuneeb-

Si. dasavleT saqarTveloSi erTi sarwmunoeba meores Seucvlia, magram

kultmsaxurebis ena igive darCenila, bunebrivia, Seicvala ara eTnosi, aramed

sarwmunoeba. swored amis gamo uwodebs dasavleT saqarTvelos `qarTls~

(anu iberias) giorgi merCule. man icis, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo poli-


tikurad qarTlis nawili iyo VIII saukunemde, xolo qarTuli ena aq wirva-

locvis ena iyo IV saukunidan. marTalia, VII saukunis Semdeg, rac dasavleT

saqarTvelos erT-erT mniSvnelovan nawilze Tavisi iurisdiqcia ganaxor-

ciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom, wirva-locvis enad berZnuli Sem-

oiRo, magram es mdgomareoba IX-X saukuneebSi gamosworebula. merCules

afxazeTi, anu dasavleTi saqarTvelo qarTlis nawilad miaCnia.202

wmida nino da mociquli eliSa

albaneTis avtokefaluri eklesia miiCnevda da gansakuTrebiT usvamda

xazs, rom albaneTis eklesia daaarsa mociqulma eliSam pirvel an meore

saukuneSi, eliSam kurTxeva uflis Zma iakobisagan miiRoo,203 amitomac alba-

nuri eklesia samociquloa da misi kaTalikosi (patriarqi) samociqulo

taxtze ziso _ aseTi iyo albaneTis eklesiis umTavresi ideologia misi

avtokefaliis arsebobisas. albaneTis eklesias es damoukideblobis dacvaSi

exmareboda, magram aseTi mtkiceba mxolod VII saukunis bolomde gagrZelda.

daaxloebiT 699 wels albaneTis qalkedoniti kaTalikosis dasasjelad

albaneTSi arabTa jariT Cavida somxeTis kaTalikosi. is sikvdiliT sjis

albaneTis kaTalikoss qalkedonituri mrwamsis gamo. arabTa jariT daSineb-

uli albaneTis saeklesio kreba somxeTis eklesias aRuTqvams samudamo

morCilebas. amiT dasrulda albaneTis eklesiis isedac meryevi avtokefa-

lia. albaneTis eklesia somxeTis eklesiis nawilad iqca.

avtokefaliis dakargvas Tan mohyva albaneTis eklesiaSi saukuneTa man-

Zilze arsebuli ideologiis _ mociqul eliSas Sesaxeb _ gadmocemis

Secvlac. albaneTis ganmanaTlebel mociqul eliSas Sesaxeb gadmocemis

axal saxes TviT somxeTis kaTalikosi ayalibebs.

somxeTis kaTalikosis versia aseTia: marTalia, albaneTis eklesia daafuZna

mociqulma eliSam, magram eliSa iyo Tadeoz mociqulis mowafe. es aris

sruliad axali formula. Tadeoz mociquli somxuri eklesiis damaarse-

blad iyo aRiarebuli.

imis gamo, rom mociquli Tadeozi somxeTis eklesiis damaarsebeli iyo,

xolo albaneTis eklesiis damfuZnebeli mociquli eliSa, Tadeozis mowafe,

amitomac albaneTis eklesia iseve unda damorCileboda somxur eklesias,

rogorc Tadeozs emorCileboda misi mowafe eliSa.

mose kalankatueli am ambis aRweris Semdeg aRarafers ambobs eliSa

mociqulisa da iakob mociqulis ierusalimuri kavSiris Sesaxeb. VII sauku-

nidan dadginda, rom eliSa, upirveles yovlisa, mowafea Tadeozisa. ieru-

salimi somxeTiT Seicvala.

msgavsi ambavi ganmeorda wmida ninos mimarTac. faqtia, rom wmida ninos

moixseneben IV-VI saukunisa (qarTuli da ucxouri) da IX-X saukuneTa


qarTuli wyaroebi. VI-VII saukuneebSi qarTuli wyaroebi TiTqmis eridebian,

an mcired ixsenieben wmida ninos.

berZen-laTini istorikosebi, TiTqmis Tanamedroveni wmida ninosi, sul 50-

100 wliT daSorebulni misgan, dawvrilebiT aRweren wmida ninos moR-

vaweobas, magram arasdros axseneben mas wmida grigolTan, somxeTis gan-

manaTlebelTan kavSirSi, aseve IV-V saukunis wmida ninos qarTuli cxovre-

ba ninos ar uwodebs wmida grigolis mowafes. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom

wmida nino ar yofila wmida grigolis mowafe. wmida nino iyo qarTlis

damoukidebeli ganmanaTlebeli, mosuli ierusalimidan, aseTi iyo sazogado

azri IV da V saukunis I naxevrisa.

V saukunidanve somxur eklesiaSi mkvidrdeba Tvalsazrisi, rom wmida

nino wmida grigolis mowafe iyo da man grigolis davalebiT gaanaTla

qarTli.

am ideam praqtikuli ganxorcieleba hpova VI saukunis Semdeg. VI sauku-

neSi, sparsTagan qarTlis dapyrobam da aq somxuri eklesiis gavlenis

zrdam saSualeba misca somxur eklesias, Tavis sasargeblod gamoeyenebina

am ori wmidanis kavSiris Teoria iseve, rogorc mociqul eliSasa da

mociqul Tadeozis kavSiri.

Tu somxuri eklesiis ganmanaTlebeli, wmida grigoli, iyo maswavlebeli da

xelmZRvaneli qarTuli eklesiis ganmanaTlebel wmida ninosi, somxur ekle-

sias garkveuli zedamxedvelobis uflebac eqneboda qarTul eklesiaze.

am TeoriiT qarTuli eklesia somxurs eqvemdebareboda, am mizezis gamo

VI-VII saukuneebSi qarTvelebi (qalkedonitebi) eridebodnen wmida ninos

xsenebas. Tu aucilebeli iyo, isev wmida grigols axsenebdnen, radganac

wmida nino qarTul-somxuri eklesiebis damakavSirebeli gamodioda ise,

rogorc eliSa _ somxur-albanuri eklesiebisa VII saukunis bolos.

mas Semdeg, rac qarTulma eklesiam VIII saukunis dasawyisSi, 726 wels

mowveuli somxuri eklesiis krebis Semdeg sabolood, srulebiT da abso-

luturad gawyvita kavSiri somxur eklesiasTan, wmida ninom qarTul ekle-

siaSi daiWira Tavisi kuTvnili adgili.

v. gurgeniZe simon janaSiaze dayrdnobiT werda, rom VI-VII saukuneebSi

sparselTa nebiT qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi moispo, anda srulebiT

gadakeTda istoriuli faqtebi. am dros sruliad SesaZlebeli iyo wmida

ninos Sesaxeb arsebuli istoriuli faqtebis damaxinjeba.

`saqarTveloSi sparseTis ideologiuri politika miznad isaxavda `somxe-

Tis religiaze~ _ monofizitobaze dayrdnobiT, qarTvel xalxSi moespo Zveli

marTlmadidebluri (diofizituri) sarwmunoeba da iq macxovreblebi Tanda-

TanobiT gadaeyvana TavianT mxareze~.204 aseTi mdgomareoba iyo VI saukuneSi.

VII saukunis daswyisSi ki `sparselebma ise, rogorc 506 wels q. dvinSi

Catarebul saeklesio krebaze, kvlav ufro mkacrad daakanones Tavis gamge-

blobaSi Semaval yvela xalxisTvis erTiani ideologia _ somxuri (monofiz-


ituri) religia. maTi mtkicebiT, es erTiani religia yvelgan ganavrco

sparselebis naTesavma ganmanaTlebelma grigorim. am aucilebeli ideologiis

miRebis mizniT, yvelgan, maT Soris qarTlSic, `ganwmedil iqna~ da axali

masalebiT Seivso qarTvelTa, albanelTa da somexTa saistorio mwerloba.

swored amitom, rogorc samarTlianad miuTiTebda s. janaSia, werilobiT

wyaroebSi Seubraleblad mospes an Zireulad gadaakeTes sxvadasxva isto-

riuli faqtebi, maTTvis misaRebi enebidan _ somxuridan da asurulidan

xelaxla aTargmnines berZnulidan gadmoTargmnili wignebi, ̀ Seudares~, ̀ Sea-

swores~, zogi ram ki axlad daawerines. yvelaze samwuxarod s. janaSias

miaCnia is faqti, rom am `gasufTavebis~ dros, faqtobrivad `ganadgurda~

Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba da `qarTlis moqcevis~, `juanSeris~

da sxva matianeebSi am mwerlobidan SemorCenilia mxolod damaxinjebuli

fragmentebi~.205 ai, saidan iRebs saTaves iranofiluri da somxofiluri

tendenciebi rogorc qarTul, ise somxur istoriul wyaroebSi. ̀ ...rom daepir-

ispirebina erTmaneTisaTvis somxeTi da saqarTvelo, sparseTi droebiT dapy-

robil, Tu romael-bizantielTagan xelSekrulebiT ̀ miRebul~ saqarTvelos

teritoriebs calke administraciul qarTul erTeulebad ki ar acxadebda,

aramed miawerda mas mis mier dapyrobil somxeTs, romlebic TavianT mxriv

Tvlidnen, rogorc somxur teritoriebs da yvelafers akeTebdnen aq mcx-

ovrebi qarTvelebis asimilaciisaTvis...~206

am dros mimdinareobda gugarqis, mesxeTisa da hereTis qarTvelebis

asimilacia. qarTuli da berZnuli enebi idevneboda RvTismsaxurebidan,

eklesiebidan da inergeboda somxurenovneba. swored aseT dros SeiZlebo-

da qarTuli ena miCneuliyo ̀ mdabal da dawunebul enad~. qarTuli, rogorc

diofizitTa ena, gandevnes eklesiebidan, is aRar ixmareboda samxreT pro-

vinciebSi. amitomac werda mwerali: `damarxul ars enaA qarTuli~, rac

sinamdviles Seefereboda. qarTuli ena dafaruli, gadamaluli iqna mxo-

lod Crdilo provinciebSi, mTianeTSi SeiZleboda qarTul enaze Tavisufa-

li msaxureba, amitomac ̀ ese enaA mZinare ars dResamomdeo~ _ werda, Cans, VI

an VII s.s. dasawyisis avtori. is wuxs _ `ese ena Semkuli da kurTxeuli

saxeliTa uflisaATa~ aris `mdabali da dawunebulio~ (qebaA da didebaA

qarTulisa enisaA).207

swored am devnis gamo Cven, faqtobrivad, ara gvaqvs VII saukuneSi Seqm-

nili arc erTi qarTuli nawarmoebi (zogierTi gamonaklisis, polemikuri

Txzulebis garda). maSin, roca VIII saukunidan mdgomareoba mkveTrad icv-

leba, didi raodenobiT Cndeba qarTuli Txzulebebi.

726 wels manaskertis krebaze somxurma eklesiam, sabolood da gadaWriT,

erTaderT swor sarwmunoebad aRiara monofizitoba da uaryo rogorc monoTel-

itoba, ise qalkedonitoba, dagmo kavSiri bizantiur eklesiasTan (da herakle

keisris Semdeg arsebuli `unia~). qarTulma eklesiam, rogorc qalkedonitiz-

mis erTgulma damcvelma, amis Semdeg yovelgvari kavSiri gawyvita somxurTan.


Zvel qarTul literaturaze Tvalis gadavlebiTac Cans, VIII saukunis

Sua wlebidan qarTuli saeklesio literatura moedineba rogorc wyarosTva-

li. ukve VIII saukunidan grigol xanZTelis (758-860) Semdeg Cndebian sxva

mwerlebic. qarTuli literatura iRviZebs da hyvavis. iwereba iovane sa-

banisZis `wamebaA haboAsi~ (786-790), konstanti kaxis wameba, daviT da kon-

stantines martviloba, juanSeris Txzuleba, leonti mrovelis Txzulebis

nawili da sxva. VIII saukune kulturulad gaTavisuflebis saukunea, Tumca,

politikurad saqarTvelo kvlav gasaWirSia, magram imdenad mniSvnelovani

iyo eris sulieri cxovrebisaTvis somxuri eklesiis gavlenisagan Tavis

daRweva, rom mas Semdgom mohyva kulturuli aRorZineba, sulieri aRfrTo-

vaneba. amis Semdeg saukuneebSi Seuferxeblad viTardeba qarTuli eklesi-

is sulieri saganZuri, Cndebian mwerlebi, eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis saga-

loblebs weren epifane moZRvari (xanZTeli, VIII-IX); makari leTeTeli, xan-

ZTel-sabawmideli (IX); basili (xanZTeli, IX); giorgi merCule (IX-X); miqa-

el modrekili (X); iovane mtbevari (X); ezra (X); iovane qonqozis-Ze (X);

kurdanaA-kYrike (X). am saukuneSi iqmneba avtorwauwereli himnografiuli

Zeglebi-krebulebi (eruSenuli krebuli, opizuri krebuli); iqmneba saga-

loblebi, Zlispirebi. am saukuneebSi moRvaweobdnen _ `ninos I himnografi~

(VIII-IX); ̀ ninos II himnografi~ (IX-X); ̀ konstanti kaxaAs himnografi~ (IX-X);

samoel mgalobeli, mwerali ioane bolneli (IX); `ninoAs III himnografi~

(IX-X); msxemi zedazneli (X); daviT garejelis himnografebi (IX-X); iovane

minCxi (X); stefane Wyondideli (X); `abakurais mleqsavi~ (IX); giorgi

sabawmidel-sineli, ioane zosime; filipe beTlemeli (X); am saukuneebSi

palestinaSi iqmneba himnografiuli krebulebi: `sagalobelni iadgarni~,

`saweliwado iadgari~ da sxva.208

qarTuli ena IX-X saukuneebSi sruliad hyvavis da viTardeba, aseT dros

qarTul enas `mdabalsa da dawunebuls~ aravin uwodebda, piriqiT, IX-X

saukunis avtori `ninos II himnografi~ wers: `dRes didebismetyvelebs ena

qarTvelTa~, marTlacda, ratom unda yofiliyo qarTuli ena IX-X saukuneeb-

Si `damarxuli, mZinare, mdabali da dawunebuli~, rogorc wers `qebaAs~

avtori? am dros saqarTvelo ZiriTadad gaTavisuflda arab da yovelgvar

dampyrobTagan, ramac saSualeba misca qarTvel ers, Seeqmna Tavisi saxelm-

wifo erTeulebi _ afxazeTis, tao-klarjeTisa da kaxeT-hereTis samefoebi.

am saxelmwifoTa ena qarTuli iyo, amitomac `qebaAs~ dawera ufro VI-VII

saukuneebSia savaraudo, im dros, roca qarTvelebi gabedulad TavianTi

ganmanaTleblis wmida ninos saxelsac ver axsenebdnen.

VIII saukunidan, eklesiuri viTarebis Secvlis Semdeg gabedviT weren:

`adide Sen qriste, qarTli... ninoAs ganaxlebuli~, ̀ netarman nino moaqcivna

qarTvelni~, wmidao nino ̀ iqmen Sen qarTlisa mqadageblad~, ̀ nino, mowafeo

macxovrisao da mociqulo CrdiloAsa soflisao, Sen xar moZRuar qar-

Tlisa~.209 nino aris `moZRuari msgavs mociqulTa... sanatreli mociquli~,

wers ninos II himnografi (IX-X); `ninom qarTvelni warudginna qristesa~;


`movedin `hoi mkvidrno qarTlisano yovelTasa vaqebdeT RmerTs~, rameTu

ninoAs mier kerpTa sacdurisagan gYKsna~.210 `ninos III himnografi~ saqarT-

velosa da CrdiloeTs uwodebs mociqul barTlomes nawils, sadac Rirs

iqmna ̀ moqcevad warmarTTa~ _ ̀ mi-raAxued Rirso nino sazRvrad qarTlisa...

mociqulebr hqadage~.211

VIII saukunis Semdeg wmida ninom daiWira Tavisi Rirseuli adgili, ise

rogorc asurelma mamebma.

erTi Tanamedrove mkvlevari werda: `IX saukuneSi qarTvelebma wamoayenes

TavianTi ganmanaTlebeli wmida ninos saxiT~, aseT gancxadebas unda vupasux-

oT, rom qarTvelebma IX saukuneSi ki ar ̀ wamoayenes~ anu, rogorc es mkvle-

vari fiqrobs, ̀ SeTxzes legenda~ wmida ninos Sesaxeb, aramed yovel saukune-

Si, IV saukunis Semdeg, qarTvelTaTvis cnobili iyo, rom wmida nino maTi

ganmanaTlebelia, magram VI saukunesa da VII saukunis garkveul monakveTSi

mis xsenebas eridebodnen politikuri da saeklesio viTarebis gamo.

rac Seexeba asurel mamebs, isini monofizitebi rom yofiliyvnen, VIII

saukunis Semdeg, roca qarTul eklesiaSi nadgurdeboda yvelaferi, rac ki

monofizitobis saxelTan iyo dakavSirebuli, asurel mamebsac aravin moix-

senebda da maT saxelsac srulebiT aRxocavdnen literaturidan, magram,

piriqiT, swored VIII saukunis Semdeg maTi saxeli xSirad ixsenieba.

saqarTveloSi asureli mamebis SemosvlisTanave qarTulma eklesiam, arseni

safarelis Tanaxmad, dvinis 551 wlis krebis Semdeg, polemika daiwyo somxur

eklesiasTan, rasac maleve, 570-580-ian wlebSi, mohyva qarTlis antimonofiz-

ituri ajanyeba. am ajanyebas didi warmateba hqonda _ qveyana qalkedonito-

bisaken gadaixara. savaraudoa, rom ajanyebis sulisCamdgmelni asureli mamebi

iyvnen. monofizitobis momxre sparseT-arabTa batonobisas da agreTve bizanti-

asTan somxuri eklesiis ̀ uniis~ dros somxur eklesias gavlena da zemoqmede-

ba hqonda qarTulze da amitom VI-VII saukuneebSi asureli mamebis Rvawli

warmoCenili ar iyo, xolo VIII saukunis Semdgom qarTuli eklesiis gaTavisu-

flebam asureli mamebi ixsna yovelgvari zegavlenisagan.

amitomac, IX-X saukunis erTi himnografi daviT garejelisadmi miZRvnil

sagalobelSi mouwodebs saeklesio moRvaweebs _ `Zmebs~, romlebic ar

icnoben daviT garejelis moRvaweobas, aucileblad Seiswavlon igi. kerZod,

is wers: `...esreATve daviT Cuenda iqmna, kacno Zmano! umecar nu xarT,

SeiswaveT didi ese...~212 aqedan sruliad aSkarad Cans, daviTis (da asurel

mamaTa) Rvawli ucnobi yofila. mwerali _ msxemi zedazneli iovane zedaznel-

isadmi am droisaTvis daweril galobaSi wers: `mamaA mamaTaA, Rirsi qebi-

saA, iovane idideboden, aTormetTa maT Tana mowafeTa, romelTa mier ganaTl-

da dRes queyanaA ese qarTlisaA~; `samkaul iqmen kaTolike eklesiisa da

mcxeTa qalaqi wmida iqmna swavliTa SeniTa, mamao~.213

VIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia `umecari~ iyo imiT, rom sruliad ar

icoda aTormetTa mamaTa Rvawli, VI-VII saukuneebSi qarTul eklesiaze


monofizitebisa da monoTelitebis batonobis dros, cxadia, isini Seecde-

bodnen mieCqmalaT qalkedonizmisaTvis mebrZol asurel mamaTa Rvawli,

aekrZalaT maTi xseneba. amitomac VIII-IX saukuneebis avtorebi saeklesio

pirebs acnoben asurel mamaTa Rvawls da mouwodeben: `nu umecar xarT~,

`SeiswaveTo~. marTlac, VI-VII saukuneebSi qalkedonituri aRmsareblobisa

da qarTuli eklesiis TavisTavadobisaTvis brZolis gamo asureli mamebis

damsaxureba miCqmaluli iqneboda.

unda iTqvas, rom CvenSi ratomRac Seuracxyofad miiReba qarTul ekle-

siaze monofizitTa zegavlenis Sesaxeb saubaric ki. amitomac aseTTaTvis

cnobili unda iqnas, rom saukuneTa manZilze, maT Soris V, VI da VII

saukuneebSic ki, monofizitoba bizantiis imperiasa da mis dedaqalaq kon-

stantinopolSi TiTqmis iseve iyo miRebuli, rogorc qalkedonitoba. bizan-

tiaSi am saukuneebSi monofizitTa da qalkedonitTa Soris daucxromeli

brZola da dapirispireba iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom am brZolaSi arc monofiz-

itebi damarcxebulan da arc qalkedonitebs gaumarjviaT. amitomac, imperi-

is damSvidebis mizniT, bizantiis imperatorebi iZulebulni gaxdnen, V saukunis

bolos wasuliyvnen kompromisze da gamoecaT `henotikoni~, romelic erT-

maneTTan aTanxmebda monofizitebsa da qalkedonitebs. ase rom, aRiarebdnen

orive sarwmunoebriv mimarTulebas. TviT imperatori iustiniane erT peri-

odSi monofizitobisaken ixreboda da mas uWerda mxars. monofizitTa si-

Zlieris gamo VII saukunis dasawyisisaTvis imperatorma heraklem monofizit-

Ta da diofizitTa Tanaarsebobis Teoriac ki moifiqra. Camoyalibda ̀ monoTel-

itoba~, romelmac saukunis bolomde iarseba. mxolod 681 wlis msoflio

krebis Semdeg bizantiis imperiaSi sabolood damarcxdnen monofizitebi da

monoTelitebi, gaimarjva qalkedonitobam. amas gadmogvcems cnobili istori-

kosi kartaSevi Tavis wignSi ̀ msoflio krebebi~. marTalia, bizantiaSi Tanaarse-

bobdnen monofizitebi da qalkedonitebi da xandaxan eklesiisa da saxelmwi-

fos marTvis sadaveebi xelT epyraT, magram mainc, cxadia, bizantia erTguli

iyo, zogadi TvalsazrisiT, qalkedonis krebis anu diofizitobisa.

aRniSnulis gamo, CvenSi arsebuli mtkiceba, rom arasodes, maT Soris arc

VI da arc VII saukuneebSi, Cvens eklesiaze gavlena ar hqonia monofizito-

basa da monoTelitobas, rom saqarTveloSi ar cxovrobdnen qarTveli monofiz-

itebi da monoTelitebi, seriozuld ar unda CaiTvalos. CvenSi, ise rogorc

bizantiaSi, Tanaarsebobdnen monofizitebi da qalkedonitebi, magram maT

sxvadasxva mrwamsi hqondaT. amis gamo isini mudam ebrZodnen erTmaneTs.

mxolod VIII saukunis Semdeg damarcxdnen saqarTveloSi monofizitebi da

monoTelitebi, rasac xeli Seuwyo iman, rom msgavsi ambavi ufro adre, VI

(681 wlis) msoflio krebis Semdeg daiwyo bizantiaSi. am krebis sapasuxod

726 wels somxeTSi mowveulma krebam dagmo qalkedonitoba da miiRo monofiz-

itoba. qarTulma eklesiam isargebla amiT da sabolood miemxro qalke-

donitobas. VIII saukunis Semdeg qarTul eklesiaSi daiwyo qalkedonitobis

zeimi da monofizitobis damarcxeba.


VIII saukunis Semdeg Tavisi Rirseuli adgili daiWires wmida ninom da

wina saukuneebSi moRvawe qarTvelma qalkedonitma wmindanebma.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom orTodoqs qalkedonitTa mier wmida ninos Rvawli

arc VI-VII saukuneebSi yofila mTlianad daviwyebuli. amis magaliTia am

saukuneebSi Seqmnili `qebaA da didebaA qarTulisa enisaA~, sadac wmida

nino da wmida elene, qarTvelTa da `rom-saberZneTis~ ganmanaTlebelni,

erTad moixsenebian xazgasmiT maSin, roca monofizitebi erTad moixseniebd-

nen wmida ninosa da wmida grigols.

termin `naTesaviT qarTvelis~ Sesaxeb

cnebebis `naTesaviT qarTvelisa~ (e.i. erovnebiT qarTvelis, gvartomobiT

qarTvelis) da `qarTvelis~ gagebisaTvis moviSvelioT Zveli qarTveli

moRvaweebis, mwerlebisa da istorikosebis gansazRvrebani.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, rom ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT qarTveli

da `naTesaviT qarTveli~ ewodeba saqarTvelos nebismieri kuTxis Svils.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT egriseli, iseve rogorc hereTisa da

kaxeTis mkvidri, naTesaviT qarTvelia. qarTvelTa saerTo erovnuli erToba,

saerTo qarTveloba yovelTvis naTlad aris gadmocemuli nebismier Zvel

TxzulebaSi. mag. ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebaSi naTqvamia: `ilarion iyo

naTesaviT qarTveli, queyaniT kaxeTiT~, ̀ aRmoscenda ukue netari ese queyan-

iT qarTliT, sazRvarTagan da kerZoTa kaxeTisaTa~.214 wmida ilarion qarTveli

moRvaweobda 822-875 wlebSi; aqedan Cans, rom ilarioni kaxeTis mcxovrebia

anu, dRevandeli terminologiiT, kaxelia. miuxedavad amisa, is `naTesaviT~

kaxeli ki ar aris (im dros ar iyo aseTi gansazRvra), aramed erovnebiT, anu

`naTesaviT~ qarTvelia.

aseve VIII saukunis dasawyisSi egrisis qvey-

nis erT-erT `sanaxebSi~, argveTSi, mTavrebi

arian daviTi da konstantine (es mTavrebi

730 wels wmida mowamis gvirgviniT Seimknen).

Tumca, isini egriselebi arian, maT mematiane

ar uwodebs `naTesaviT megrels~, aramed uw-

odebs qarTvels.

`iyvnes wmidani ese mowameni daviT da konst-

antine qarTvelni sanaxebisagan argveTisa

didni da didebulni tomebiTa da mTavarni

qveynisanni~.215

es rom kerZo gamonaklisi ar aris, Cans

Semdegidan: `...IV saukunis cnobili moazro-

vnisa da mwerlis evagri pontoelis biograf-


iaSi aRniSnulia, rom evagri warmoSobiT iyo pontoeli, iberTa qalaqis

mcxovrebi. paladis Semdgom V saukunis istorikosebi aRniSnaven, rom eva-

gri tomiT iberia~.216

tomiT iberi igive ̀ naTesaviT qarTvelia~, Zveli qarTuli terminologiis

mixedviT. pontoSi mcxovrebi lazebi da megrelebi erovnebiT, anu gvarto-

mobiT `naTesaviT~ qarTvelebad _ ìberebad~ iTvlebodnen.

ioane mTawmideli mesxi iyo, magram giorgi mTawmidels misi kuTxuri

warmomavloba saerTod ar aRuniSnavs, is wers: ̀ ioane iyo naTesaviT qarTve-

li~. ratom ar aRniSnaven mis mesxobas? anda ilarion qarTvelis kaxelo-

bas? mizezi isaa, rom ̀ mesxi~, rogorc tomobrivi erTeuli anda erovneba im

dros ar arsebobda. arsebobda `mesxeTi~, `kaxeTi~, magram am kuTxeebis

mkvidrni iseve rogorc sxva kuTxeebisa, `naTesaviT qarTvelni~ iyvnen.

magaliTad, eqvTime aTonelis Sesaxeb naTqvamia, rom iverTa monasterSi

`ganiTqva saxeli misi da pativsa uyofdes berZenni da qarTvelni~. aq

`qarTvelSi~ igulisxmeba yvela kuTxis Svili saqarTvelosi. eqvTime ̀ gamoCnda

samkaulad `naTesavisa Cvenisa~.

`naTesaviT qarTveli~ _ es termini Zvelad qarTveli eris tomebad

dayofamde (XV saukunemde) aRniSnavda qarTvel ers.

`naTesaviT qarTveli~ qarTuli eklesiis samwysoa. qarTlis kaTalikosi

`naTesaviT qarTvelTa~ kaTalikosia, e.i. qarTlis kaTalikosi kaTalikosia

ara marto aRmosavleT, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobisac, rad-

ganac dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobac `naTesaviT qarTvelia~.

qarTlis kaTalikoss iuridiulad ZvelTaganve aRiarebuli kanonieri uf-

leba aqvs mTel qarTvel erze, amitomac afxazeTis kaTalikosi masze dabla

mdgomi mamamTavaria, radganac dasavleT saqarTvelos samwyso `naTesaviT

qarTvelTas~ Semadgeneli nawilia da masze Tavis iurisdiqcias qarTlis

kaTalikosi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoqmnamde axorcielebda, xolo

misi warmoqmnis Semdgom iuridiulad is ùmrwemes~ kaTalikosad gaformda.

`naTesaviT qarTveli~ _ saqarTvelos nebismieri kuTxis Svils erqva

TviT vidre mongolobamde, anu saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifoebriobis

moSlamde (aRsaniSnavia, rom saxelmwifo mTlianobis darRvevis Sedegad

Temobrioba-tomobriobis aRmocenebis Semdgom wm. ilarions ukve `kaxels~

_ `kaxs~ uwodebdnen).217

ìberia~ _ eTnikuri Sinaarsis matarebeli termini

afxazeTis samefos warmoqmnamde da zogjer mis Semdegac, evropelebi da

ucxoelebi rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTvelos uwodebdnen

iberias, xolo mis xalxs _ iberebs.

cnobili istorikosi, mRvdeli miqel TamaraSvili, romelic brwyinvaled

icnobda ucxour wyaroebs saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, wers: ùwin evropelebi ìbe-


ria~ da `georgia-~s saxeliT xSirad gulisxmobdnen mis dasavleT nawils _

imereT-samegrelosac~.218 Zveli qarTuli mwerloba da wyaroebi sityvebs ìbe-

riasa~ da ìbers~ ar iyenebdnen. es sityvebi araqarTul terminebad iyo

miCneuli. amitomac qarTveli mTargmnelebi am sityvebs Targmnidnen ase (amas

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs): ̀ iberi~ _ ̀ qarTvelia~ ̀ iberia~ _ ̀ qarTvelni~.

Zvel qarTvel mTargmnelebs, sadac ki SexvedriaT sityvebi ìberi~ da

ìberia~, yvelgan uTargmniaT `qarTvelad~, miuxedavad imisa, Seesabameboda

Tu ara realur viTarebas aseTi Targmna. amis magaliTad SeiZleba moviy-

vanoT espaneTis iberiis Sesaxeb evropuli Txzulebebis ZvelqarTuli Targ-

manebi. aq yvelgan ìberi~ Targmnilia `qarTvelad~.

ase: `...cnoba dasavleTis iberebis Sesaxeb moipoveba basili kesarielis

(329-379) ...uZveles qarTul TargmanSi. igi Targmnilia VIII-IX saukuneebSi~.219

qarTvel mTargmnelebs qvemoT moyvanili winadadeba _ `Tavdapirvelad

zRva ar arsebobda, arc is SemaZrwunebeli ufskruli iyo, romelic ekvris

britaneTis kunZulsa da dasavleTis iberias (espaneTs)~, uTargmniaT aseTi

saxiT: àra iyo zRuaA... arca SesaZrwunebeli igi siRrme,.. romeli igi gare

moadges Walaksa mas britaniaAsasa da qarTvelTa maT dasavalisaTa~.220

rogorc vxedavT, aq `dasavleTis iberia~ Targmnilia _ `qarTvelTa maT

dasavalisaTad~, anu ucxo sityva ìberia~ iTargmna ase _ `qarTvelni~.

igive winadadebas giorgi mTawmideli Targmnis Semdegi saxiT: àra iyo...

ufskruli, romeli gareSeicavs Walaksa da qarTvelTa maT dasavalisaTa~.221

eqvTime mTawmindelic ̀ kelt-iberebs~ Targmnis _ ̀ kelt-qarTvelni dasaval-

isanni~.

`Zveli qarTveli mTargmnelebis mier espaneTis iberiis aRsaniSnavad

SemoTavazebulia termini _ ̀ qarTvelni dasavalisani... pirineis naxevarkun-

Zulis iberielebi moxsenebulni arian terminiT `qarTvelni dasavalisani~

`liber generationis~-is qarTul versiaSic~.222

Tu VIII-IX saukuneebSi da XI saukunis dasawyisSic ìberia~ iTargmneba

rogorc ̀ qarTvelni~, XI saukunis Semdgom ukve ̀ iberiis~ aRsaniSnavad sxva

terminia gamoZebnili.

amJamad miRebulia, rom `berZnebTan ìberiad~ cnobil qveyanas adgilo-

briv _ `qarTli~ saxeli daumkvidrda~.223

ismis kiTxva da am kiTxvis pasuxi arsebiTia _ VIII-X saukuneebSi ̀ iberia~

ratom iTargmneba rogorc `qarTvelni~ da ara `qarTli~?

pasuxi aseTia _ VIII saukuneSi `qarTli~ daiSala da warmoiqmna àfxaze-

Ti~, `qarTli~ (e.i. tao-klarjeTi Sida qarTlTan erTad) da `kaxeT-hereTi~.

magram samive am provinciis mcxovrebni iyvnen `naTesaviT qarTvelni~. er-

Tad aRebul am provinciebs (e.i. aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos

erTad) VIII saukunis Sua wlebamde Seesabameboda termini `qarTli~, anu

ìberia~, VIII saukunidan ki saerTo erTian qveyanas `qarTli~ ukve aRar


ewodeba _ Zveli qarTlis samefos teritoriaze sami erTmaneTisagan

damoukidebeli politikuri erTeulis warmoqmnis gamo, romelTagan erT-

erT provincias SerCa Zveli saxeli, yofili erTiani samefoAsa _ ̀ qarTli~.

VIII-X saukuneTa qarTvelma mTargmnelebma kargad icodnen, rom ucxouri

termini ̀ iberia~ Seesabameboda ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTad aRebuls _ Zvel qarTlis same-

fos. amitomac, VIII-X saukuneTa mTargmnelebi termin ìberiis~ Targmnisas

vardebian Zalze uxerxul mdgomareobaSi. Tu isini ìberias~ Targmnian

rogorc `qarTls~, maTi Targmani arazusti da araswori iqneba, radganac

VIII-X saukuneebSi ìberia~ da `qarTli~ ukve aRar udris erTmaneTs, ekviv-

alenturi aRar aris, radganac ucxouri termini ìberia~ kvlav Zvele-

buradve ewodeba aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTad, xolo `qarT-

li~ am saukuneebSi ukve mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erT nawils

ewodeba. amitomac mTargmnelebi termin ìberias~ ar Targmnian rogorc

`qarTls~, maT termin ìberias~ sxva ekvivalenti gamouZebnes. marTlacda

ra saxeli unda darqmeoda aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos erTad

aRebuls? mecnierebi aRniSnaven, rom ̀ saqarTvelo~ am erTobis aRsaniSnavad

jer kidev ar iyo gamoZebnili (igi ixmareba XI s-dan). am terminis gamoZeb-

namde ki aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos mTlianobis aRmniSvneli Zve-

li terminis, ̀ qarTlis~ gacveTis gamo, am krebiTobis, erTianobis aRmniSvne-

li sityvis magier VIII-XI saukuneTa mwerlebi xmaroben sityvebs _ àRmo-

savleTi~ da `CrdiloeTi~.

Tuki VIII-X saukuneTa mTargmnelebi `dasavleTis iberiis~ Targmnisas

sityva ìberiis~ nacvlad gamoiyenebdnen axladmoZebnil termins àRmosav-

leTs~, es mxolod gaugebrobas gamoiwvevda. mTargmnelebma airCies sxva

gza. maT geografiuli Sinaarsis termin ìberias~ gamouZebnes eTnikuri

Sinaarsis matarebeli ekvivalenti _ `qarTvelni~. es xerxi mTargmnelebma

gamoiyenes Segnebulad da daamkvidres kidec saukuneTa manZilze, radganac

darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom termini ̀ iberia~ matarebeli iyo rogorc geografi-

uli, ise eTnikuri Sinaarsisac. svidas leqsikonSi aRniSnulia: ìberebi _

tomis saxelia da iberia _ qveyanaa. aris sxva iberiac, dasavleTisa...~

ucxo sityva ̀ iberia~ VIII-X saukuneebSi gadaiTargmna rogorc ̀ qarTvelni~.

ìberia~ ewodeboda aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTad, aseve

`qarTvelni~ mosaxleobdnen im dros rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT

saqarTveloSi. uZvelesi droidanve, Zveli qarTlis samefos (farnavazis

samefos) Seqmnis Semdgom, dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas iseve ewode-

ba qarTvelni, rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas. VIII saukunis

Sua wlebidan vidre X saukunis dasasrulamde, e.i Zveli qarTlis samefos

oficialuri gauqmebidan vidre saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde, miuxedavad

imisa, rom qveyanaSi sxvadasxva politikuri erTeulebi arsebobda, aRmosav-


leT da dasavleT saqarTvelos nebismier kuTxeSi mcxovreb mkvidr mosax-

leobas qarTveli xalxi warmoadgenda. am mizezis gamo termini ìberia~

gadaiTargmna, rogorc ̀ qarTvelni~. cxadia, VIII-X saukuneebSi aRmosavleT-

dasavleT saqarTvelos erTad `qarTli~ rom rqmeoda, ìberias~ Targmnid-

nen rogorc `qarTls~, magram im dros `qarTli~ ewodeboda aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos erT nawils, amitom ìberia~ iTargmna rogorc `qarTvelni~,

radganac qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli iyo rogorc aRmosavleTi, aseve dasav-

leTi saqarTvelo da `qarTvelni~ ufro zusti ekvivalenti iyo ìberiisa~,

vidre `qarTli~ (VIII-X saukuneebSi).

Zvel saqarTveloSi terminebs ìberiasa~ da ìbers~ aniWebdnen eTnikur

Sinaarss da miiCnevdnen `naTesaviT qarTvlis~ fard sityvad. amis magali-

Tad SeiZleba moviyvanoT eqvTime mTawmidelis ambavi. man miiRo gadaw-

yvetileba, gamgzavrebuliyo espaneTSi, imis gamo, rom TiTqosda espaneTi

dasaxlebuli iyo qarTveli xalxiT. am Secdomis mizezi imaSi mdgomareob-

da, rom is termin ìberiaSi~ eTnikur Sinaarss sdebda. amitom pirineis

naxevarkunZulis iberebs man, ise rogorc sxva Zvelma mTargmnelebma, uwoda

`qarTvelni dasavalisani~.

aqedanac Cans, rom ìberias~ hqonda eTnikuri Sinaarsi rogorc am epoqa-

Si, aseve antikur xanaSi. antikur xanaSi ìberias~ Seesabameboda termini

`qarTli~, xolo VIII-X saukuneebSi (SesaZloa VI-X saukuneebSi) Seesabamebo-

da termini `qarTvelni~.


Ta v i V I I I

qarTuli eklesia XI saukuneSi

` Tu v i s m e s a m a rTli a n a d eT q m i s , ro mT v iT d a iwv n e n d a s x v a s k i gz a gau n aT e so ,e s C v e n s m a m a - p a p a s eT q m i s d a m adlob el n i

S v il n i l mo b i e r e b iT p ir - q v e u nd a d a v e m x oTm aT s afla vT a wi n aS e d a vu galoboT

d id e b a d id e bulTa d a q e b a q e bulTa~.



saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarsebis politikurisafuZveli XI saukuneSi

978 wels mefe bagrat III-is dros aRsdga iberiis, anu `qarTlis samefo~.

saqarTvelo gaerTianda.1 amjeradac, iseve rogorc vaxtang gorgaslis dros,

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi Sedis aRmosavleTi, dasavleTi da samxreTi

saqarTvelo.2 1010 wels bagrat III-m Tavis samefos kaxeT-hereTic Semouer-

Ta,3 amiT restavrirebul iqna farnavaz mefis mier daarsebuli farnava-

zian-xosroianTa iberiis saxelmwifo. saqarTvelos erTian saxelmwifod

aRdgena ganapiroba qarTveli eris Sinaganma mondomebam, arabTa dasustebis

Semdeg, IX-X saukuneebSi, gansakuTrebulad gazrdilma erovnulma TviTSeg-

nebam. Tumca unda iTqvas, rom vaxtang gorgaslis Semdeg, VI-X saukuneebSi,

imdenad didi iyo `qarTlis samefos~ aRdgena-restavraciis survili, rom

VIII saukunemde qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azri ar cnobda erTiani `qarTu-

li samefos~ daSlas da `qarTli~ kvlav erTian qveynad esaxeboda Savi

zRvidan bardavamde. VIII saukunis Semdgom, marTalia, Seiqmna àfxazTa~,

`tao-klarjeTis~, `kaxeT-hereTis~ samefoebi, magram TiToeuli es qarTuli

saxelmwifoebrivi erTeuli cdilobda gaeerTianebina saqarTvelo da aRed-

gina iberiis Zveli samefo.

`VIII saukunidan saqarTvelos teritoriaze Camoyalibda ramdenime poli-

tikuri erTeuli: egris-afxazeTis samefo, qarTvelTa sakurapalato, kaxeTis

saepiskoposo, hereTis samTavro da Tbilisis saamiro... egris-afxazeTis

samefos ukiduresi zRvari Crdilo-dasavleTiT iyo mdinare da qalaqi

nikofsia. konstantine porfirogenetis cnobiT, afxazeTsa da jiqeTs Soris

sazRvari md. nikofsiaze gadioda. mdinare nikofsia Tanamedrove niCep-

suxoa, romelic q. tuafses midamoebSi erTvis Sav zRvas. qalaqi nikofsia ki

afxazeTSi mdebareobda. XI saukunis mwerlis, giorgi mciris TqmiT, èrTi...

mociqulTagani _ simons vityvi kananelsa _ queyanasa Cuensa damarxul ars,

afxazeTs, romelsa nikofsi ewodebis~. aRmosavleTi sazRvari afxazTa same-

fosi md. klisura (Tanamedrove kelasuri) iyo... TandaTanobiT xdeba afx-

azeTis politikuri sazRvrebis gafarToeba aRmosavleTiT: leon afxazTa

mefeman `daipyro afxazeTi da egrisi vidre lixamde~.4

afxazeTis samefos warmoqmnas Sedegad mohyva am samefoSi avtokefaluri

eklesiis daarseba àfxazeTis sakaTalikosos~ saxelwodebiT. mas avtoke-

falia 750-ian wlebSi mianiWa antioqiis sapatriarqom, efrem mciris mier

gamoyenebuli ̀ antioqiuri qronografis~ da agreTve ucxour wyaroTa Tanaxmad.

am eklesias `qvemo iberiis~ eklesia erqva, radganac iberiis erTiani same-

fos arsebobis dros dasavleT saqarTvelo am samefos nawils Seadgenda.

am eklesiis damoukidebloba, qarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad, 830 wels cno

`zemo iberiis~, anu ̀ tao-klarjeTis~ samefom.


`X saukuneSi tao-klarjeTi erT-erTi uZlieresi iyo saqarTvelos same-

fo-samTavroTa Soris. am saukunis pirvel naxevarSi misi sazRvari md.

araqsis zemo xeobamde aRwevda. tao-klarjeTi kidev ufro gaZlierda da

ufro Sors gadaiWima misi sazRvrebi X saukunis meore naxevarSi daviT

didi kurapalatis dros... 80-ian wlebSi daviTma daipyro qalaqi manazker-

ti _ vanis tbis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. 997 wels man alya Semoartya

cnobil savaWro qalaq xlaTs _ vanis tbis napirze... amrigad, X saukunis

meore naxevarSi tao-klarjeTis samefo moicavda vrcel miwa-wyals, rom-

lis samxreTi sazRvari aRwevda vanis tbasa da qalaq erzinkanamde (axlan-

deli erzinjani). amave dros daviTi Tavis gavlenas avrcelebda Crdilo-

eTiTac, saqarTvelos sxva samefo-samTavroebze. daviT didma kurapalatma

isargebla afxazeTis Sinagani aSlilobiT da Tavisi Svilobili bagrati,

saqarTvelos istoriaSi bagrat III-is saxeliT cnobili, pirvelad qarTlSi

975 wels, xolo 3 wlis Semdeg afxazeTSi mefed dasva. am saqmeSi daviTs

energiulad TanamSromlobda qarTlis erisTavi ioane maruSis Ze~.5

iahia antioqielis cnobiT, zemo iberis kaTalikoss gavlena da ndoba

hqonda bizantiis samefo karze. es iqidan Cans, rom daviT kurapalats

basili II-sTan ̀ qarTvelTa kaTalikosi~ gaugzavnia molaparakebisaTvis, xolo

mefe giorgi I-is dros basili II-sTan sazavo molaparakebisaTvis midian

sasuliero meTaurebi _ kaTalikosi da episkoposebi.6

daviT mefemo, _ wers iahia antioqieli, _ `qarTvelTa kaTalikosi saxelm-

wifos sxva mraval didebulTan erTad mefis karze gagzavna. mefem (basili

II-m) maT titulebi Camouriga, mowyaleba uyo da isini daviTTan dabrundnen~.7

`saqarTvelos teritoriis aRmosavleT nawilSi ori politikuri erTeuli

Camoyalibda: kaxeTis saqorepiskoposo da hereTis samefo... X saukunis meore

naxevarSi kaxeTi da hereTi gaerTiandnen. es gaerTianeba vrceldeboda aragvidan

mdinare axsumde (axsu mtkvris marjvena Senakadia da erTvis mtkvars daax-

loebiT iq, sadac marjvena mxridan araqsi uerTdeba, q. sabirabadis midamoeb-

Si). kaxeT-hereTi 1010 wlis axlo xanebSi bagrat III-m SeuerTa saqarTvelos~.8

bagrat III-is saxelmwifo gadaWimuli iyo nikofsiidan mtkvar-araqsis SesarTa-

vamde aRmosavleTiT, xolo samxreTiT vanis tbamde. marTalia, daviT kurapa-

latis sikvdilis Semdeg misi samefos vanistbispira miwebi basili II-m mi-

uerTa bizantias, magram es miwebi mainc sadavo teritoriebi iyo bizantia-

saqarTvelos Soris, ramac giorgi I-is dros gansakuTrebiT iCina Tavi.

`qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da bagrationTa XI saukunis mematianis, sumbat

daviTis Zis Tanaxmad, bagrat III-is samefoSi Sedioda mTliani kavkasia Savi

zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde. bizantiis imperatorebs axladSeqmnili uzarmazari

qarTuli saxelmwifosi eSinodaTo, _ wers is.

bagrat III-m `...daipyra yoveli kavkasia TYTmpyrobelobiTa jiqeTiTgan

vidre gurgenadmde. xolo adarbadagani da Sarvani moxarke yo, somxiTsa


xelmwifebiTa nebierad ganagebda. mefe sparsTa TYs megobrad da erTgul

yo sibrZniTa da ZlierebiTa TYsiTa ufros saxleulTa TYsTasa da berZenT

mefesaca SiSi aqunda amisi yoveladve~.9

vaxtang gorgaslis msgavsad, bagrat III-m savsebiT gaaerTiana zemo da

qvemo iberia, amitomac is, mematianeTa Tanaxmad, Tavisi didebiT, ZaliT da

gonebiT qarTvel mefeTa Soris erTaderTi iyo msgavsi vaxtang gorgaslisa

(igulisxmeba VI saukunidan XI saukunemde): `...Semdgomad didisa mefisa

vaxtang gorgaslisa aravin gamoCenil ars sxua msgavsi misi didebiTa da

ZaliTa, da yovliTa gonebiTa...~10

quTaisis taZris kurTxevis droso, _ wers mematiane, _ bagrat III-m Sekriba

`yovelni didebulni zemoni da quemoni, mamulisa da samefosa misisa myofnio~.11

mkvlevar-istorikosebis v. donduasa da g. wulaias Tanaxmad, `qvemo mam-

ulSi~ da `zemo mamulSi~ igulisxmeba cal-calke dasavleTi da aRmosav-

leTi saqarTvelo. `dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) samefo Tavisi

geografiuli pirobebiT warmoadgenda `qvemos~ `zemosTan~ _ aRmosavleT

qarTul qveyanasTan `SefardebiT~.12

`qvemo~ da `zemo~ iberiis gaerTianebas erTiani `saqarTvelos samefos~

sazRvrebSi, saeklesio kanonebis Tanaxmad, Tan unda mohyoloda ̀ qvemo iberiis~

(anu afxazeTis) sakaTalikososa da `zemo iberiis~ (anu mcxeTis) sakaTali-

kosos gaerTianeba saqarTvelos erTian eklesiad, radganac ZvelTaganve

arsebula da msoflio krebaTa dadgenili kanonebiT eklesiis sazRvari

Tan unda emTxveodes saxelmwifo-administraciul sazRvars.

marTlac, erTian saqarTvelos samefoSi Seiqmna erTiani saqarTvelos

sapatriarqo. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sazRvrebs SigniT arsebuli ori

sakaTalikososagan Seiqmna erTi sapatriarqo. qarTveli eris ori avtoke-

faluri eklesiisagan da agreTve Crdilo kavkasiis, kaspiiszRvispireTisa

da somxeTis qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiebis gaerTianebis Sede-

gad Seiqmna saqarTvelos sapatriarqo. SeqmnisTanave mis pirvel patriarqs

melqisedek I-s `aRmosavleTis patriarqi~ uwodes mis iurisdiqciisqveSa

teritoriis sididis gamo. ase moixseniebs mas tyoba-ierdis warwera.13

`patriarqis tituli mcxeTis sakaTalikosom mas Semdeg daimkvidra, rac

saqarTvelos eklesia gafarTovda da SeiZina berZnuli sapatriarqos gar-

egnuli niSnebi da, rogorc Cans, es ar iyo ucxo da sapretenzio arc

bizantiis imperatorebisa da patriarqebisaTvis. melqisedek I, romelmac

pirvelma isargebla am wodebiT, bizantiaSi imperatorebis karze: basilTan

(970-1025), konstantinesTan (1025-28) da romanozTan (1028-34) miRebuli da

dafasebuli pirovneba iyo, maTganve melqisedekma miiRo materialuri dax-

mareba da Sewirulebani mcxeTis sveticxovlis mSeneblobisaTvis, miiRo

soflebi bizantiis teritoriaze da sxva~.14

amJamad miCneulia, rom saqarTvelos pirveli kaTalikos-patriarqi gamoCnda

mefe giorgi I-is dros, wyaroTa Tanaxmad, pirveli patriarqi erTiani qarTu-


li eklesiisa, melqisedek I, iyo bagrat III-is naTesavi da misive gazrdili.

is iyo didebulTa Svili. kaTalikos svimeonis gardacvalebis Semdeg bagrat

III-m melqisedeki dasva saqarTvelos patriarqad. saqarTvelos patriarqad

dadgomisTanave melqisedeki maSinve gaemgzavra konstantinopolSi saimper-

atoro karze basili II-sTan, Cans, imisaTvis, rom konstantinopols ecno

qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirseba.

mematiane wers: `mokuda kaTalikozi sYmon da dasua aman mefeman dide-

bulTa kacTa Svili meyvisi da gazrdili TYsi melqisedek kaTalikoz-

patriarqad. xolo ese wmidaA mefeH warvida berZenTa mefisa basilis

winaSe konstantinopoled, raTa Seewios; rameTu iyo didi ese kaTolike

samociqulo eklesia sveti-cxoveli, romeli vaxtang gorgasals aReSena...~15

am wyaros miTiTebiT, konstantinopolSi molaparakebisaTvis TviT saqarTve-

los pirveli mefe (VIII saukunis Semdeg) bagrat III Cavida.16 basili II da

bagrat III (an misi warmomadgeneli), cxadia, pirvel rigSi politikur-

saxelmwifoebriv sakiTxebze moilaparakebdnen, magram mematiane aRniSnavs,

rom molaparakebis Tema exeboda qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxebs. kerZod,

sakiTxi exeboda `kaTolike samociqulo eklesia sveticxovels~. qarTuli

wyaroebis Tanaxmad, ̀ kaTolike samociqulo eklesia sveticxoveli~ ewodebo-

da ara saeklesio Senobas mcxeTaSi (cxadia, am Senobasac ewodeboda), aramed

ewodeboda saqarTvelos mTlian eklesias, romlis iurisdiqcia vrceldebo-

da pontos zRvidan darubandis zRvamde. swored asea gadmocemuli wyaroSi:

`kaTalikosi qarTlisa KelqveiT ara ars patriarqTa da ara ikurTxvian

patriarqTagan, rameTu Tavisufali ars da mociqulTa magieri da mociqulTa

taxtsa zeda mjdomi da patriarqi, Tavi yovelTa eklesiaTa: _ wmida kaTo-

like samociqulo eklesia sveticxoveli... da amas samwyso da KelqveiT

qarTli, rani da kaxeTi, ovseTi... pontos zRYdam darubandis zRvamde~.17

zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom `wmida kaTolike samociqulo eklesia

sveti-cxoveli~ ewodeba erTiani saqarTvelos eklesias, erTian qarTul

eklesias aseve ewodeboda `wmida mcxeTa~, iseve rogorc amJamad erTiani

bulgareTis eklesias ewodeba `sofiis sapatriarqo~, an `sofiis eklesia~,

ruseTisas _ `moskovis sapatriarqo~, serbeTisas _ `belgradis~ da a.S.

aseve saqarTvelos eklesias ewodeboda `sveticxovelis samociqulo ekle-

sia~ anda ufro xSirad `mcxeTis samociqulo eklesia~. xandaxan qarTul

eklesias simartivisaTvis, ubralod, uwodebdnen ̀ mcxeTas~, xolo saeklesio

pirebs da eklesiisaTvis moRvawe, eklesiaze damokidebul adamianebs _

`mcxeTis Svilebs~. magaliTad, mematiane ̀ mcxeTas~ uwodebs erTian qarTul

eklesias VII saukuneSi: `amis krebisa mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesi-

isa saqarTvelosaTYs, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa

viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriarqoni da iyos

kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana...~18


amitomac, roca mematiane wers bagrat III (an misi warmomadgeneli mel-

qisedeki) konstantinopolSi gaemgzavra `sveticxovelis kaTolike samo-

ciqulo eklesiis sakiTxebis gadasaWrelado~, gulisxmobs, rom sakiTxi mTlian

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Seexeboda.19

im dros samociqulo eklesia ewodeboda ara yvela eklesias, aramed

avtokefalur, damoukidebel eklesias. qarTveli saeklesio moRvaweni mudam

amtkicebdnen, rom qarTuli eklesia samociqulo eklesiaa, radganac aq iqad-

ages andria pirvelwodebulma, svimon kananelma da sxva mociqulebma. da

radganac qarTuli eklesia samociquloa, aqedan gamomdinare, avtokefaluric

aris. es avtokefalia adreve iyo aRiarebuli sxva eklesiebis mier.

bagrat III bizantiis samefo karze àvtokefalurobis~ dasamtkiceblad

ki ar wavida (es avtokefalia ukve hqonda qarTul eklesias), aramed, raTa

saimperatoro kars eRiarebina qarTuli eklesiis erT administraciul

erTeulad _ sapatriarqod gaerTianeba da eRiarebina pirveli patriarqi

qarTuli eklesiisa _ melqisedek I.

bagrat III-m jer `patriarqad dasva~ melqisedek I, xolo Semdeg mimarTa

konstantinopols, eRiarebina qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirseba, rad-

ganac aseT didmniSvnelovan movlenas _ axali sapatriarqos daarsebas _

ar SeiZleboda ar mohyoloda saerTaSoriso saeklesio rezonansi, bagrat-

ma izruna, rom rezonansi dadebiTi yofiliyo.

bagrat III bizantiis samefo karze molaparakebas saqarTvelos sapatri-

arqos iurisdiqciis farglebis gansazRvrisaTvisac awarmoebda, rac iqidan

Cans, rom am dromde saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTis mcire nawilze jer

kidev SemorCenili iyo konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqcia, xolo

X-XI saukuneTa mijnaze konstantinopolis sapatriarqo kargavs Tavis iuris-

diqcias sabolood saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTze (cnobilia, rom SavizRvi-

spireTis es teritoriebi, romelzedac iurisdiqcia qarTlis sakaTaliko-

sos hqonda, VII saukunis dasawyisSi daipyro da bizantias SeuerTa herak-

le keisarma, amitomac aq Tavisi iurisdiqcia konstantinopolma ganaxor-

ciela. VIII saukunis Semdeg qvemo iberiis sakaTalikoso ibrunebda am

miwebs Tavis iurisdiqciaSi, magram X saukunisaTvis es procesi dasrule-

buli ar iyo _ bagrat III-is epoqamde).

bagrat III-is papam (dedis mamam), afxazTa mefe giorgim, àRaSena saydari

Wyondidisa, Seqmna saepiskoposod~,20 xolo dedis Zmam ̀ leon afxazTa mefem,

àRaSena eklesia moqYsa da Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod~.21 TviT bagrat

III-m àRaSena saydari bediisa, da Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod, mocvala

mun gudayYisa saepiskoposo~.22 afxazTa mefeebi dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvi-

spireTSi aarsebdnen qarTul saepiskoposoebs konstantinopolis berZnuli

saepiskoposoebis nacvlad. magram aseTi Secvla ar SeiZleba momxdariyo

eklesiaTa SeTanxmebis gareSe. konstantinopolis nacvlad qarTuli ek-


lesiis iurisdiqciis gavrcelebisas unda arsebuliyo SeTanxmeba am ekle-

siaTa Soris. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli saepiskoposoebis daarseba

konstantinopolis iurisdiqciisqveSa teritoriaze CaiTvleboda qarTuli

eklesiis mtaceblobad, rasac Sedegad mohyveboda qarTuli eklesiis mxriv

saerTaSoriso saeklesio izolacia da misi mwvaleblur eklesiad gamocx-

adeba (aseTi ram, marTlac, moxda, magram ara bagrat III-is, aramed giorgi I-

sa da bagrat IV-is dros. erT-erTi sababi amisi iyo qarTuli eklesiis

iurisdiqciis qveS somxeTis vrcel teritoriaze arsebuli marTlmadide-

beli eparqiebis Sesvla, romelzedac konstantinopoli acxadebda Tavis

pretenzias).

bagrat III-is dros saimperatoro kars ucvnia, rogorc qarTuli eklesiis

sapatriarqo Rirseba, aseve misi iurisdiqcia SavizRvispireTSi, amitom amis

Semdeg konstantinopolis sapatriarqos arasodes gauxdia sadavod saqarTve-

los SavizRvispireTi da ar CauTvlia Tavis iurisdiqciisqveSa teritori-

ad, ufro metic, konstantinopols saqarTvelos sapatriarqos centris _

sveticxovelis taZris restavraciisaTvis Seuwiravs mdidari monasteri

da 105 sofeli.

unda davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqos SeqmnisTanave bizantiis

samefo karze irkvevdnen saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sakiTxs da es sakiTxi

konstantinopolSi dadebiTad gadauWriaT. bizantias rom ar ecno saqarTve-

los eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirseba, sapatriarqos centrs _ sveticxovels

da saqarTvelos patriarq melqisedeks saCuqrad ar gadascemdnen monas-

ter kestorias, romelsac 105 sofeli hqonda, da sxva Sesawirs.23

1031-1033 ww. saqarTvelos pirvel kaTalikos-patriarqs melqisedeks dau-

weria `moxsenebuli mcxeTis saydrisadmi~ (ix. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTe-

bi IX-XIII ss. 1984 w., gv. 22).

am sabuTidan Cans, rom igi ar miiCnevs Tavs sveticxovlis didebuli

taZris maSeneblad, aramed am taZrisTvis miuSenebia gareTa bWeni, garSemo

Semouvlia (SemouSenebia) `stoani~ da gadauxuravs isini. garda amisa, mas

mTeli taZari Seumkia yovelive saeklesio nivTiTa da samkauliT: `Sevamkev

yovliTave samkaulobiTa, gareTiTa bWiTa da garSemo stoaTa moqmniTa da

zeddaburviTa~ (iqve, gv. 22). melqisedeks rom aeSenebina es taZari, amas

uTuod aRniSnavda, rameTi igi CamoTvlis wignebsa da zogierT wvrilmans,

rac mas am taZrisaTvis Seuwiravs an gaukeTebia. marTalia, amJamad miC-

neulia, rom melqisedekis dros TiTqosda sveticxovlis Zveli, mcire taZris

adgilze aSenda axali da didebuli, magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, es mel-

qisedekis sabuTiT ar dasturdeba. ufro metic, yvela Zveli sabuTi, romel-

ic exeba mcxeTis taZars, miiCnevs, rom igi aSenebulia vaxtang gorgaslis

mier, mxolod XIX s-is bolosa da XX s-Si Seitanes amaSi eWvi da taZari

melqisedekis aSenebulad miiCnies.


melqisedeks sveticxoveli marTlac rom brwyin-

valed da didis didebulebiT Seumkia `warsamarTle-

blad qristianeTa~, kerZod, oqrosa da vercxlis fur-

clebiT mouWedia taZarSi myofi `sveticxoveli~, anu

saswaulmoqmedi gadaWrili xis adgilze aSenebuli

oTxkuTxa sveti. garda amisa, oqro-vercxliTa da Tval-

margalitiT SeuWedia ̀ sakurTxeveli~, anu saRmrTo trap-

ezi, kankeli da sameufo karebi sakurTxevlisa aseve

oqro-vercxliT SeuWedia.

ierusalimidan mTels msoflioSi ganawilda im

cxovelmyofeli Zelis nawilebi, romelzec jvars

acves Cveni ufali da macxovari ieso qriste. maTgan

akeTebdnen SedarebiT mcire zomis jvrebs, romelnic

iTvlebodnen udides siwmindeebad. maTi qoneba did

ganZad iTvleboda. melqisedeks sveticxovlisaTvis ̀ Seuqmnia~ aseTi jvrebi,

SeuWedavs isini oqroTi da Tval-margalitiT.

aseve, eklesiis udides ganZad iTvleboda qristesTvis wamebuli da Tavdade-

buli wmidanebis nawilebi. maT didi makurnebeli da saswaulmoqmedi Zala

gaaCndaT. rogorc wesi, romelime wmidanis romelime nawils udidesi osta-

tobiT moWedavdnen da eklesiaSi daasvenebdnen xolme. melqisedeksac svet-

icxovlisaTvis `Seuqmnia~ samartvilo, anu wmida nawilebis dasasvenebeli

adgili (mec minaxavs msgavsi samartvilo aTonze iverTa monastris mTavar

eklesiaSi). melqisedeks ̀ samartvilo~ oqro-vercxliTa da Tval-margalitiT

SeuWedavs, masSi dausvenebia TiTqmis yvela wmidanis nawilebi da zemoaRwer-

ili `Zeli cxovrebisaA~, e.i. ierusalimidan Camosvenebuli jvris nawili.

rogorc aRiniSna, melqisedek kaTalikos-patriarqi aTeulobiT wlebis gan-

mavlobaSi mravaljer Cavida saimperatoro karze konstantinopolSi, sadac

mas didis didebiTa da pativiscemiT iRebdnen basili II bulgarTmmusvreli,

konstantine da romanozi Cuqnidnen mas mraval saeklesio siwmindes. magal-

iTad, imperator konstantines misTvis uboZebia ̀ oqros xati~, romelic patri-

arqma sveticxovels Seswira. basili II-s oqro-vercxliTa da Tval-margali-

tiT Semkuli RvTismSoblis xati, xolo romanoz `berZenTa mefes~ misTvis

oqroqsovili Sesamoseli uboZebia, isinic Seswira sveticxovels. Tavis mxriv,

cxadia, Cveni eklesiis pirvel patriarqs gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos pirve-

li mefe bagrat III mraval Sesawirs swiravda, aTavisuflebda qarTul ekle-

sias gadasaxadebisagan. `movaxsene gamzrdelsa Cemsa bagrat kurapalats da

Seuvalad gamixadnes~ (iqve, gv. 27), _ acxadebs melqisedeki.

aRniSnuli sabuTis Tanaxmad, sveticxovlisaTvis melqisedeks Seuwiravs

mooqrouli da Zvirfasi TvlebiT Semkobili macxovris didi zomis xati,

aseve vercxlis, oqrocurvili macxovris xati, naTlismcemlisa da wm. Tev-


dores xatebi, oqro-vercxliT SeWedilni, sxva xatebi, sul 55 cali. oqros-

agan damzadebuli barZim-feSxumi Semkobili Tval-margalitiTa da minan-

qris xatebiT, oqrosave kovziTa da varskvlaviT (`xuirni~), isinic Tval-

margalitiT Semkulni, oqrosave samweroblebi, anu ripidebi, isinic Tval-

margalitiT Semkulni, oqrosave sacecxlurebi da sasakmevleebi da sxva

mravali nivTi. wignebi: oTxive maxareblis wignebi cal-calke, maT garda, wm.

oTxTavi, sami cali `saTanao~, anu satarebeli `oTxTavi saxarebaA~, Tval-

margalitiT Semkobili. vercxliT ̀ Sekazmuli~ vercxlisave ̀ Rilkiloiani~,

mowameTa wignebi `zamTari da zafxuli~, anu zogSi zafxulis dReebSi

eklesiaSi moxseniebuli wmidanis cxovreba iqneboda, sxvebSi ki zamTarSi

mosaxsenebelTa cxovreba. isinic vercxliT `Sekazmulni~ da mravali sxva

wigni, sul 25 cali. Seuwiravs agreTve mooqroul-movercxlili ̀ sawigneni~,

e.i. wignebis Casawyobi kolofebi. maT garda, mravali sakelaptre, samRvde-

lo da samRvdelmTavro Sesamoseli, sanawile da sxva mravali nivTi. saqarTve-

los sapatriarqos, anu qarTul eklesias mravali sofeli ekuTvnoda saqarT-

velos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi. maT garda, TviTon kaTalikos-patriarqs, Tavis

mxriv, `mougia~ mravali sofeli, romelic Seuwiravs mTavari sapatriarqo

taZrisaTvis, kerZod, rogorc aRvniSneT, misTvis berZenTa mefe basili II-s

uboZebia didi monasteri `kestori~. am monasters ekuTvnoda 105 sofeli,

romelic gadaucia sveticxovlisaTvis. man iyida da aRaSena soflebi saqarTve-

los yvela kuTxeSi _ taoSi, klarjeTSi, SavSeTSi, javaxeTSi, kolaSi, fara-

vans, Sida qarTlSi, kaxeTSi, hereTSi, kakSi, qvemo qarTlSi, romelnic ekle-

sias Seswira, sul 155. TbilisSi qarTul eklesias didZali simdidre da

Semosavali hqonda. Tbilisis arabma amira alim melqisedekis TxovniT

eklesia gadasaxadebisagan gaaTavisufla.

melqisedeks augia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mravali eklesia da

daudgams saeklesio saxli (Sewirul soflebSi). sabuTis aRniSnuli CamonaTva-

lis qvemoT miwerilia `qoronikoni iyo sm (e.i. 781+240=1021 w.).

am dros melqisedeki jer kidev mxned yofila, moxucebulobis Jams ki mas

Seumzadebia TavisTvis saflavi, augia masze sakurTxeveli da daudgenia

saflavze mlocveli mRvdeli, romelic yovelmxriv uzrunveluyvia, raTa

masa da mis Svilebs Taobidan Taobamde elocaT pirveli patriarqis saflavze

misi sulis saoxad. kerZod, amave sabuTidan Cans, rom melqisedeks Tavisi

saflavi Seumzadebia sveticxovlis taZris sadiakvneSi. aqve man ufro

adre moawyo zemoaRwerili samartvile. rogorc wesi, taZris nawili, romelsac

amJamad sakurTxeveli ewodeba, sam nawilad ganiyofa. centralur, mTavar

nawilSi mowyobilia wmida trapezi, marjvena nawilSi sadiakvnea, marcxena-

Si _ samkveTlo. sveticxovlis am nawilSi (e.w. samkveTloSi) amJamad mcire

eklesiaa gamarTuli, marjvenaSi (sadiakvneSi) mouwyvia melqisedeks mcire

eklesia, gauTxria TavisTvis saflavi, zed daudgams `sakurTxeveli~, anu


samwirvelo trapezi. am sakurTxevelze wirva-locva daavala Tavis gazrdils

mRvdels iovanes, romelsac gasamrjelod, saxsrad da col-Svilis gamo-

sakvebad saukunod daumkvidra mdidari saeklesio Sesawiri _ 5 glexi

sruli fuZiT, e.i. Tavisi saxl-kariT, miwiT, venaxiT, WaliT da wisqviliT, sxva

mamulebic gadasca. amasTan dakavSirebiT anderZSi Cawera: `aravis aqvs

amas zeda xeli Tvinier xucisa, romeli sakurTxevelsa amas Cemsa zeda

Jamsa wiravdes~ (iqve, gv. 28.). Tavisi saflavis eklesiisaTvisac melqisedeks

Seuwiravs Sesamoseli, barZim-feSxumi da vercxliT namzadi sxva nivTebi.

melqisedeks Tavis mosaxseneblad aRapi (sulis saoxi wirva-locva zed

mobmuli purobiT) daudgenia 24 ianvars.

qarTuli eklesiis devna 1021-1054 wlebSibizantia-saqarTvelos omis dros

bagrat III-is gardacvalebis Semdeg iwyeba omi bizantiis imperiasa da

saqarTvelos Soris. es iyo ara ubralo da epizoduri SebrZolebebi, aramed

didi omi, romelic gagrZelda aTwleulobiT da romelSic uSualod monaw-

ileobdnen bizantiis imperatorebi da saqarTvelos mefeebi. omi daiwyo

basili II-is dros, 1021 wels da mimdinareobda imperatorebis konstantine

VIII-is, romanoz III-is, miqael IV-is, miqael V-is, zoiasa da Teodoras da

damTavrda konstantine monomaqosis dros, 1054 wels. imxanad saqarTvelo-

Si mefobdnen giorgi I da bagrat IV. swored bagrat IV-is dros Sewyda

bizantia-saqarTvelos omi da daido samSvidobo zavi.

am oms zogadad aseTi saxe hqonda: imperatorebi basili da konstantine

TviTonve ramdenjerme SemouZRvnen TavianT mravalricxovan armiebs

saqarTveloSi qarTveli mefeebis dasamarcxeblad. romanozis dros ram-

denime wliT samSvidobo zavi daido bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris, romelic

male dairRva. amis Semdeg bizantia Tavisi laSqriT, fuliT da sxva saSu-

alebebiT exmareboda da mxars uWerda saqarTveloSive arsebul separatis-

tul Zalebs, saqarTvelosa da qarTveli mefis dasamarcxeblad. bagrat IV-

is dros, 1054-1057 wlebSi, samwliani molaparakeba zaviT damTavrda.

bagrat III-is mematiane aRniSnavda, rom bizantiis mezoblad saqarTvelos

didi saxelmwifos warmoqmnam, romelic mTel kavkasias eufleboda, SeaSfo-

Ta bizantiis samefo kari. saqarTvelos mefem, wers is, Savi zRvidan kaspiis

zRvamde, ̀ jiqeTidan vidre gurganamde... daipyra yoveli kavkasia TviTmpyro-

belobiT~, ̀ mefe sparsTa TYs megobrad da erTgul yo sibrZniTa da Zliere-

biTa TYsiTa~. bizantiis mmarTveli wreebisaTvis saSiSi gamxdara saqarTve-

los gaerTianeba: `berZenTa mefeTaca SiSi aqunda amisi yovladveo~.


amiT iyo gamowveuli is, rom daviT kurapalatis gardacvalebisTanave,

1001 wels, ̀ gamovida basili, berZenTa mefe, da miscnes mas cixeni aznaurTa

ama daviTisTa da daipyra basili mefeman mamuli daviT kurapalatisa~.24

basili am dros Seecada Camoegdo mtroba da SuRli bagrat III-sa da

mamamiss gurgen mefeT-mefes Soris, magram es ver SeZlo. bagrat III-is

gardacvalebis (1014w.) Semdeg saqarTvelos samefos erTianoba ar darRv-

eula, piriqiT, saqarTvelo kidev ufro Zlierdeboda. amitomac, 1021 wels

basilma axalgazrda giorgi I-is dros wamoiwyo Zalze didi omi saqarTve-

los saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg. oms TviT basili mTavarsardlobda. basili

keisars imedi hqonda, rom mis Setevas saqarTvelos samefo ver gauZlebda

da daiSleboda, rogorc iyo bagrat III-mde. magram qarTveli eri da qarTu-

li eklesia gverdSi amoudga saxelmwifos. eklesia bizantiis mier dapyro-

bil kuTxeebSi saTaveSi Caudga samamulo oms dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg.

`yovliTa spiTa saberZneTisaTa da ucxoTesliTa uricxYTa~25 SemoWril

basili II-es qarTulma mxedrobam didi winaaRmdegoba gauwia giorgi I-is

meTaurobiT: ̀ egzom gagrZelda maT Soris brZola, romel sivltolad ganemza-

da basili mefe~.26 giorgi mefem ukandaxevis Semdeg gaaZliera Tavisi armia,

amitomac basili iZulebuli gaxda daetovebina saqarTvelos sazRvrebi da

trapizonis maxloblad daezamTrebina. meore wels is kvlav SemoiWra

saqarTveloSi. giorgi I-ma Seutia mters da gaaqcia: `iwyes brZolad da

aotes zogi basilis laSqrisa~.27 damarcxebiT gaognebulma imperatorma

moiTxova: `..Zeli cxovrebisa mandiliTa wmidiTa, da dasca igi qveyanasa

zeda da Tqua esreT, viTarmed: `ukeTu mimec me KelTa mtersaTa, arRara

Tayuanis-gce ukunisamde~ da viTar ese yo da Tqua, myis masve Jamsa iZlivnes

da meot iqmnes spani giorgisani~.28

basili II mzad yofila RmerTi daegmo, Tu omSi qarTvelebi gaimarjvebd-

nen. mematianis zemomoyvanili azriT, romelic gamoxatavs imdroindel sa-

zogadoebriv azrs, qarTveli mefisa da armiis damarcxeba da bizantielTa

gamarjveba RvTis nebiT momxdara. imdroindeli SexedulebiT, bizantia da

misi imperatorebi iyvnen burjni msoflio qristianobisa. imperatorebs

Tayvans scemdnen, rogorc RvTis nebis aRmsrulebelT. albaT, amiT iyo

gamowveuli is, rom bizantielTa mxareze gadavida qarTuli mosaxleobis

erTi nawili dapyrobil samxreT saqarTveloSi: `...mieqces erni, sofelni

ugunur-ususurni cnobiTa da gonebiTa...~29 aseT dros, roca qristianul

sarwmunoebas qarTveli eris mteri iyenebda qristiani qarTveli eris

dasapyrobad, qarTuli sapatriarqo da samRvdeloeba saTaveSi udgeba sa-

mamulo oms bizantielTa winaaRmdeg dapyrobil samxreT saqarTveloSi.

samRvdeloeba ̀ viTarca erTgulni da WeSmaritni martYlni, saRmrToni Tav-

Ta TYsTa sikudilad ganswirvides, da KorcielTa ufalTaTYs TavTa TYsTa

ganswirvides da sisxlTa dasTxevdes...~30 qarTvel samRvdeloebas bizanti-


asTan omSi qarTveli `wvrili eri~ rom ar gamoefxizlebina, mteri gamoiy-

enebda maT gulubryvilobas, `cnobiT ugunur-ususurobas~ da maT gulwr-

fel qristianobas Tavis sasargeblod. qarTveli samRvdeloeba, eklesia da

sapatriarqo `uqristianes~ bizantiis imperiasTan saqarTvelos brZolis

Jams dadga qarTuli saxelmwifos mxareze. qarTuli eklesiis aqtiurma

poziciam am omSi gamoiwvia bizantiis samefo karisa da konstantinopolis

sapatriaqros risxva qarTuli eklesiis mimarT. bizantiis eklesia qarTu-

li eklesiis winaaRmdeg ganewyo. qarTuli eklesia mwvalebelTa aramarTl-

madideblur eklesiad gamocxadda. daiwyo qarTuli monastrebisa da qarTve-

li berebis devna imperiaSi.

33-wliani omi bizantiasa da saqarTvelos Soris iyo omi or qristianul

saxelmwifos Soris, amitomac am or qveyanas Soris mSvidobisa da zavi-

saTvis iRvwian saeklesio pirebi. kaTalikos-patriarqi melqisedeki, wyaro-

Ta Tanaxmad, xSirad Cadioda konstantinopolSi. am dros xSirad mimo-

diodnen saeklesio pirebi bizantiasa da saqarTvelos Soris, mSvidobisa

da SewevnisaTvis. amis Sesaxeb moRweulia aTonis mTawmidis devnili qarTveli

berebis mier dawerili cnoba: `...arca Tu egebis, ravdenni Ruawlni moiT-

minnes, yovelTave TiToeulad aRricxuvaA: mimoslvaA Cueni zRYT da KmeliT

da afxazeTs da qarTls savedrebelTa wignTaTYs berZenTa mefeTa winaSe,

da ravdengzis moviRiT wigni TYTmpyrobelTaA da CamovidiT, da kualad

ginebiTa da SeuracxebiTa wargudevnnian usagzloni da uKamurni Jamsa

RelvaTatexisa da zamTrisasa esreT anu TxoviT aRvidiT kualad sameufod

anu RmrTis-moyuareTa kacTa wyalobiTa da kualad SevstirodiT da vesa-

marTlebodiT mefeTa~.31

am cnobiT, qarTvel berebs imdenjer umogzavriaT am omis dros bizan-

tiasa da saqarTvelos Soris, rom amis aRricxva SeuZlebeli yofila. maTi

mgzavrobis mizani iyo mieRoT Tavisi mdgomareobis SemsubuqebisaTvis ̀ save-

drebeli wignebi~ saqarTvelos TviTmpyrobel mefeTagan da CaetanaT es

wignebi ̀ berZenTa mefeTa winaSe~. orive SemTxvevaSi mefeebi naxsenebi arian

mravlobiT ricxvSi, ase rom, berebi konstantinopolsa da saqarTvelos

Soris sxvadasxva imperatorebis dros mogzaurobdnen. saqarTvelos mefis

mier gagzavnil wigns konstantinopolSi araviTar yuradRebas ar aqcevd-

nen, piriqiT, berebs ginebiTa da SeuracxyofiT abrunebdnen, isini ki usag-

zlod, fexSiSvelni, mkacr zamTarSi kvlav Camodiodnen saqarTveloSi da

`kualav SevstirodiT da vesamarTlebodiT mefeTa~.

iverTa monasteri daarsda 980-983 wlebSi basili II-is mniSvnelovani

SesawiriTa da daxmarebiT. basili II am dros kargad iyo ganwyobili

qarTvelebis mimarT, radganac qarTvelebma mas taxti SeunarCunes barda

skliarosis ajanyebis dros (976-979). skliarosis damarcxebis meore welsve

iwyeba iveronis mSenebloba: ̀ mefe basilis, romanozis Zis mefuri wyalobiT,


ioanem aRmarTa sakuTari lavra, romelsac Zvelad klimentioss eZaxdnen,

mogvianebiT ki ivironi ewoda~.32

basili II barda fokas ajanyebis (987-989) damarcxebis Semdeg qarTvelebis

mimarT ukve aRar iyo kargad ganwyobili ajanyebaSi maTi monawileobis

gamo. es male daetyo iberTa monasters. 1008 wels, gurgen mefeT-mefis

gardacvalebis Semdeg taos qarTvelTa samefo SeierTa bagrat III-m, ramac

bizantiis ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. maleve, 1012 wlidan iverTa monasterSi

daiwyo areuloba _ ̀ sulmokleoba da sigrile~, rasac, Cans, konstantinopo-

li aqezebda. 1021 wlis omis dawyebis Semdeg, 1025 wlidan imperator

konstantines dros iverTa monasterSi namdvili amboxeba dawyebula. iveronis

monastris maSindeli mdgomareoba sarkesaviT asaxavda bizantia-saqarTve-

los urTierTdamokidebulebas. magaliTad, bizantia-saqarTvelos zavis dros,

1030-ian wlebSi, imperatori romanozi kargad ganewyo iveronis winamZRvar

giorgi I-is mimarT, magram zavis darRvevisTanave monastris berebi `Rel-

vasa da mimotacebaSi~ `Cacvivdnen~.

omis dros bizantiaSi ara marto qarTuli monastrebi da saeklesio

pirebi idevnebodnen, aramed saero pirebic _ saqarTvelos moqalaqeebic _

saqarTvelos moqalaqes ̀ qveynis Cuenis eris kaci~ erqva.33 es iqidanac Cans,

rom grigol bakurianis Zesac ki, romelic erovnebiT qarTveli iyo, magram

saqarTvelos moqalaqe ar yofila, aramed imperiis mTavarsardali iyo,

mZafrad ganucdia qarTveli moqalaqeebisa da berebis devniT gamowveuli

tanjva. is wers: `berZenni... arian bunebiT mZlavrni da angaharni da xelo-

vanni, meSinis, Tu nuTu savnebeli da dasaklebeli raime SeamTxvion monas-

tersa... romeli ese mravalgzis gvixilavs maTgan qmnilad Cuenisa naTesav-

isa umankoebisagan da gulmartiobisagan~.34

qarTveli berebi antioqiaSic idevnebodnen.

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi melqisedek I saeklesio sakiTxebis

gadasaWrelad mravaljer Sexvedria imperatorebs, basils, konstantines,

romanozs. bizantiasTan omis dros saeWvod gamoacxades qarTveli eris

marTlmadidebloba, qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis Tavidanve arsebuli

mravali ufleba, amitomac, SeuZlebelia, qarTuli eklesiis meTauri mraval-

jer ar Casuliyo konstantinopolSi saeklesio sakiTxebisaTvis, ris Sesax-

ebac mogviTxrobs `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Teimuraziseuli nusxa. melqisede-

ki iyo meTauri uzarmazari avtokefaluri eklesiisa, romlis iurisdiqcia

vrceldeboda Savsa da kaspiis zRvebs Soris, amitomac araferia gasakviri

imaSi, rom bizantiis imperatorebi angariSs uwevdnen amas da saCuqrad

Sesawiris saxiT melqisedeks aZlevdnen xatebs, jvrebsa da saeklesio nivTebs.

Tanamedrove terminologiiT rom gamovxatoT, bizantia-saqarTvelos omis

dros am ori qveynis eklesiebi aqtiur ideologiur brZolas eweodnen.

bizantiuri ideologia qarTveli erisa da eklesiis mimarT agresiuli iyo.


maTi propagandistuli manqana avrcelebda sicrues qarTvelebis arama-

rTlmadideblobisa, eklesiis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, qarTu-

li eklesiis ideologia iyo TavdacviTi. is amtkicebda, rom qarTuli ekle-

sia mudam marTlmadidebluri iyo, im drosac ki, roca bizantiuri eklesia

mwvalebluri iyo, magaliTad, xatmebrZolobis dros. aseve qarTuli eklesia

mudam Tavisufali da avtokefaluri iyo, radganac mociqulTa mier iqna

daarsebulio.35

bizantias ganzraxuli hqonda, samagaliTod daesaja qarTuli eklesia

omSi dakavebuli antibizantiuri poziciisaTvis. amisaTvis saWiro iyo moe-

ZiaT raime saeklesio-dogmatikur-kanonikuri sababi. sababad gamoiyenes is,

rom qarTulma eklesiam Tavisi Tavi gamoacxada sapatriarqo eklesiad, rac

ewinaaRmdegeboda pentarxiis bizantiur `kanonikur~ Teorias (msoflioSi

mxolod xuTi sapatriarqos arseboba), amitomac aramarTlmadideblurad

gamoacxades qarTuli eklesia da eWvi Seitanes mis avtokefaliaSic ki.

bizantielebma qarTuli eklesiis marTlmadideblobaSi eWvis misatan

sababad gamoiyenes qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis cnobili saeklesio

kavSiri VI-VII saukuneebSi. Tavis droze, VI saukunis dasawyisSi, qarTvel-

somex-albanelTa erTmaneTisagan damoukidebelma avtokefalurma sakaTali-

kosoebma dvinis gaerTianebul saeklesio krebaze 506 wels dagmes nesto-

rianoba da miiRes ̀ henotikoni~. imperatorebis, zenonisa da anastasis dros

arsebuli bizantiuri Teoria `henotikoni~ icavda imperiis eklesiis er-

Tianobas imiT, rom aerTianebda monofizitebsa da qalkedonitebs. es Teor-

ia aRiares qarTulma da somxurma eklesiebmac da safuZvlad daedo maT

religiur-sarwmunoebriv erTobas. 518 wlis Semdeg, rac bizantiam dagmo

henotikoni, qarTuli eklesiac cdilobda daegmo igi, magram am dros, VI

saukuneSi, saqarTvelo dapyrobili iyo sparsTa mier, sparseTi ki mxars

uWerda da aZlierebda yovelgvar antibizantiur mrwamss _ am SemTxvevaSi

monofizitobas, romelic am saukuneSi TandaTan somxuri eklesiis erovnul

sarwmunoebad gadaiqca. somexi ierarqebi mudamJam ukiJinebdnen qarTvel

ierarqebs, romelTac qalkedonuri pozicia eWiraT, rom qarTvelTa winaprebma

somxebTan erTad dagmes qalkedonitoba da miiRes saerTo sarwmunoeba,

isini gulisxmobdnen henotikons, amitomac qarTvelTa mier qalkedonitobis

aRiareba TiTqosda iyo `mamaTa sarwmunoebis Ralati~.36

jer sparseTi, xolo Semdeg araboba sastikad devnida qarTul qalke-

donitur eklesias, amis mizezi iyo is, rom es qveynebi mudam eomebodnen

bizantiis imperias da amitomac am imperiaSi arsebuli saeklesio ideolo-

gia _ qalkedonitoba miuRebeli iyo rogorc sparseTis, ise arabobisaTvis.

orive es qveyana xels uwyobda da aZlierebda monofizitobas _ antiqalke-

donitur mrwamss. rogorc sparseTi, ise araboba yovelmxriv xels uwyobda

da xelovnurad aZlierebda somxuri monofizituri eklesiis gavlenas


albaneTsa da qarTlSi.37 mose kalankatuelis Tanaxmad, arabebma sastikad

dasajes albanuri eklesia Tavisi qalkedonituri mrwamsisaTvis da dau-

qvemdebares is somxur eklesias VI saukunis miwuruls,38 amis gamo albane-

Tis vrcel qveyanaSi saeklesio ena iyo ara albanuri, aramed somxuri.

albaneTis uZvelesi samociqulo avtokefaluri eklesia dampyrobelma spars-

arabebma somxuri eklesiis nawilad aqcies. albanur enaze arsebuli wmida

werili aRar gamoiyeneboda albaneli xalxisaTvis, is somxurenovanma saek-

lesio literaturam Secvala. albanuri anbanis magier albanel xalxs

somxuri anbanis gamoyeneba daaZales rogorc sparselebma, ise arabebma.

kavkasiis erT-erTi yvelaze mravalricxovani xalxi somxurenovani gaxda

saeklesio TvalsazrisiT.

saqarTvelos did nawilze, gansakuTrebiT ki dasavleT saqarTveloze,

agreTve aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mtkvris CrdiloeTiT moqceul nawilze

sparseTi da araboba Tavis gavlenas naklebad avrcelebda, samxreT

saqarTveloze ki, mtris mier dapyrobil mesxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi, somx-

ur eklesias yovelgvari neba mieca Tavisi gavlenis gavrcelebisa. arabo-

bis Sesustebamde es mxareebi somxuri eklesiis gavlenis qveS iyo, ramac

Tavisi kvali daaCnia qarTul qristianobas _ qarTveli mosaxleobis aram-

cire nawili somxurma eklesiam Tavis mrevlad aqcia. qarTvel monofiz-

itebs, anu `sarwmunoebiT somxebs~ moixseniebs grigol bakuriani: `vinaAca

menebos, naTesavTa CemTa da msaxurTa CemTa, daRacaTu somexni iyvnen sarwmu-

noebiTa~.39 monofiziti qarTvelebi, anu `sarwmunoebiT somxebi~ X saukunis

bolosa da XI saukunis dasawyisSi `inaTlebodnen~ kidec, magram maTi

raodenoba mainc aramciredi iyo. magaliTad, ̀ movida gvirpeli... da moinaT-

la, rameTu somexi iyo~.40

somxuri eklesia XI saukunis dasawyisSi mwvaleblur eklesiad iTvleboda

bizantiaSi, xolo qarTul eklesias am droisaTvis jer kidev Rrmad etyoboda

somxuri eklesiis gavlenis kvali, swored es gamoiyenes bizantielma ideol-

ogebma qarTuli eklesiis marTlmadideblobaSi eWvis Sesatanad.

amis Sesaxeb qarTveli beri werda kidec: `...queyanaA Cueni Sors iyo

queyanisagan saberZneTisa da viTarca Teslni ara wmidani Soris Cuensa

daTesul iyvnes borotni igi Teslni somexTani _ gularZnilni da manqanani

da amis mier friad guevneboda~.41

qarTul eklesias, arsen safarelis Tanaxmad, jer kidev 551 wels (somxu-

ri welTaRricxvis pirvel wels) mowveuli krebis Semdeg gauwyvetia so-

mxur eklesiasTan kavSiri, Semdgom 607 wels, kirionis dros, kvlav saWiro

gaxda msgavsi qmedeba, magram sparseTis mefe xosros mier 614 wels ieru-

salimis aRebis Semdeg sparseTma `somxuri sarwmunoeba~ sparseTis imperi-

aSi mcxovrebi qristianebisaTvis savaldebulo sarwmunoebad gamoacxada.

amis gamo, sparsTagan dapyrobil aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi somxeTis gav-


lena kvlavindeburad grZeldeboda. 632 wels ki bizantiis imperatorma

herakle keisarma `unia~ Sekra somxur eklesiasTan, ramac monoTelitobis

aRorZinebas Seuwyo xeli bizantiis imperiaSi. somxuri eklesia bizantiuri

`monoTelitobis~ erT-erTi burji gaxda, ramac saSualeba misca mas, kvl-

avindeburi gavlena hqonoda amierkavkasiaze. somxuri eklesia, rogorc

Tavis antiqalkedonitobas, ise ̀ monoTelitobis~ magvar sarwmunoebas Tavis

sasargeblod iyenebda.

mxolod 726 wels mowveuli krebis Semdeg, rac somxurma eklesiam sab-

olood dagmo qalkedonitoba da aSkarad aRiara monofizitoba, qarTulma

eklesiam yovelgvari kavSiri gawyvita masTan. magram Zvel kavSirs ukvalod

ar Cauvlia. `wrfeli da umanko~42 qarTveli xalxisaTvis somexi saeklesio

moRvaweni gamxdaran avtoritetuli pirebi da `...igini reca mizeziTa wesi-

erebisaATa, reca cdunebad guazmnobdes...~43 e.i. avtori amtkicebs, rom somexi

saeklesio moRvaweebi xan gangeb acdendnen, abrkolebdnen qarTvelebs, xan

kidev saeklesio wesebis sisworis momizezebiT nergavdnen araswor wesebs.

garda amisa, somxuri enidan Targmnili saeklesio wignebic yofila qarTul

eklesiaSi, rac sxva SecdomaTa wyaro xdeboda. mTliani winadadeba aseTia:

`...daRacaTu pirveliTganve guqondes werilnica da sarwmunoebaA WeSmariti

da marTali, garna queyanaA Cueni Sors iyo queyanisgan saberZneTisa da

viTarca Teslni arawmidani Soris Cuensa daTesul iyvnes borotni igi

Teslni somexTani, gularZnilni da manqanani, da amis mier friad guevnebo-

da, rameTu naTesavi Cueni wrfeli iyo da umankoA. xolo igini reca mizez-

iTa wesierebisaATa reca cdunebiTa guazmnodes da romelnime wignnica

guqondes maTgan Targmnilni~.44

IV-V saukuneebis `pirvelTagan Targmnili wmida werili~ VI-VII saukune-

ebSi ̀ wesierebis~ momizezebiT somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT yofila reda-

qtirebuli, anda xelaxla Targmnili; amis gamo XI saukuneSi bizantiam

gangaSi atexa.

aqamde arc erT qarTvels odnavi eWvic ki ar Sehqonda Tavis marTlma-

dideblobaSi. qarTveloba gaocebuli darCa bizantielTa SemoteviT, radga-

nac, misi azriT, qarTuli eklesia mudam marTlmadidebluri iyo, maSinac ki,

roca bizantiaSi mwvalebloba batonobda. xolo somxuri enidan wignebis

Targmna-redaqtirebas xsnidnen qarTvelebis ubiwoba-umankoebiT da mimn-

doblobiT. amiT isargebles somexma monofizitebma da zogierTi mcire

cduneba Semoitanes CvenSi, risi aRmofxvrac mainc SeiZlebao.

qarTul eklesiaSi Semotanili somxuri `RvarZlisagan srulad ganwme-

dis~ didi saqme, mematianis Tanaxmad, iTava eqvTime mTawmidelma. es saqme ki

daasrula giorgi mTawmidelma. `RvarZli~ srulebiT `ganiwminda~ ramden-

ime aTeul weliwadSi. sinamdvileSi araviTari `RvarZliT~ ar yofila

Sebilwuli qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia. berZnebma RvarZlad mi-


iCnies zogierTi wmida wignis Targmna-redaqtireba somxuri enidan, am azrs

ver daveTanxmebiT. ar SeiZleba aramarTlmadideblurad CaiTvalos ekle-

sia im mizeziT, rom is saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis wignebs somxuri enidan

Targmnida.

mematiane wers: `amaT eseviTarTa mizezTaTYs moxedna mowyalebaman Rmr-

Tisaman naTesavsa Cuensa da aRgYdgina axali oqropiri wmidaA mamaA Cueni

efTYme, da viTarca meaTcameteman mociqulman queyanaA Cueni amaT zemoK-

senebulTa RuarZlTagan sruliad ganwmida mravlad TargmanebiTa wmidaTa

werilTaATa...~45

eqvTime mTawmidelma didi raodenobiT wigni Targmna 1012 wlidan 1028

wlamde. TargmnasTan erTad igi iRebda ukve arsebul teqsts da udarebda

maT berZnul redaqcias. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Zveli qarTuli Targmani emTxve-

oda berZnuls, eqvTime ucvlelad tovebda Zvel teqsts, Tu mcired sxvaobda,

asworebda mas berZnulis mixedviT da Tu gansxvaveba didi iyo, eqvTime ukve

namdvilad iwyebda Targmnas.

berZnulis mixedviT Zveli qarTuli teqstebis redaqtireba, anu `Targm-

na~, rogorc maSin uwodebdnen, jer kidev VIII saukuneSi daiwyo sabawmidis

lavraSi. miuxedavad intensiuri muSaobisa, Zvel teqstebSi somxuridan

naTargmnobisa da redaqtirebis kvali ver aRmofxvres, Tumca es arc iyo

saboloo mizani. axali redaqtirebis mizani iyo ara Zveli Targmanebis

lingvistur-filologiuri kvleva, aramed arsebuli teqstis gamarTva berZnuli

redaqciebis msgavsad. Semdgom ki, XI saukuneSi, qarTuli Targmanebi didi

sizustiT dauaxloves berZnuls. miuxedavad amisa, rogorc qarTvelTa, ise

berZenTa Soris yofilan _ `mabralobelni~ da `mayvedrebelni~, romlebic

swunobdnen qarTul Targmanebs im mxriv, rom isini ar mihyvebodnen im dros

gavrcelebul berZnul redaqciebs: `...mecnierni berZnulisani mabralobel

gueqmnebodes gamouZieblad dawerisaTvis sityuaAsa~.46 aq igulisxmebian

berZnuli enis mcodne qarTvelebi, magram yofilan agreTve qarTulis mcodne

berZnebi _ `mayvedrebelni~ _ `...amas guayuedrebdes berZennio~. magaliTad,

ori sxvadasxva sityva grigol RvTismetyvelisa, romelic eqvTime mTaw-

midels, Tavis dros, albaT, cal-calke uTargmnia, viRacas mere SeuerTebia _

meqanikurad gadaubams. es berZnebs SeuniSnavT da qarTvelebi gaukicxavT

aseTi aRrevisaTvis.

`mabraloblebisa~ da ̀ mayvedreblebis~ gamravleba XI saukunis dasawyis-

Si gamoiwvia bizantia-saqarTvelos omma.

aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli eklesia, miuxedavad imisa, rom is qalkedoni-

tobis uerTgulesi damcveli iyo, mainc gansxvavdeboda bizantiur-berZnuli

eklesiisagan Tavisi nacionaluri qristianuli kulturiT. mas Semdeg, rac

qarTulma eklesiam kavSiri gawyvita somxur eklesiasTan, `...romelTanac

mas akavSirebda erTi da igive saeklesio wesebi, zne-Cveulebebi da tradicie-


bi~,47 qarTvel ers miuCnevia, rom denacionalizaciis saSineli katastro-

fisagan Tavis daRwevis gza aris `...sakuTari eklesiis frTeTa qveSe nacio-

nalur-qristianuli kulturis gaRviveba~.48 amas Sedegad mohyolia VIII-X

saukuneebSi originaluri saeklesio wesebis mZlavri zrda-ganviTareba.

SemuSavebula nacionaluri agiografia, `dawesebul iqna wmida qarTuli

dResaswaulebi erovnuli wmidanebisa~.49

qarTvelebs bizantiaSi damkvidrebuli msoflio saeklesio dResaswauleb-

isaTvis `Tavisi erovnuli suli Cauberia, ris gamoc Semdgomi drois (XI

saukunidan) mwerlebs, romelTac maTi warmoSoba ukve naTlad aRar gaege-

bodaT, qarTul dResaswaulebad mounaTlavT. aseTia magaliTad, jvaris

dResaswauli aRdgomis meore dRes... dResaswauli wmida giorgisa 10 noem-

bers... satfureba ierusalimis taZrisa 13 seqtembers~.50

swored am mxriv qarTuli liturgikuli kalendari gansxvavdeboda berZnu-

lisagan. arsebobda berZnulisagan gansxvavebuli welTaRricxvis qarTuli

sistema da qarTuli `wesi da gangeba saxarebis sakiTxavebisa~, `magram

yvelaze meti Tavisebureba da `qarTveloba~ Cvens winaprebs am xanaSi

liturgikul mwerlobaSi gamouCeniaT... SeuTxzavT sakuTari qarTuli ok-

tioxosi, iadgari, marxuani da zatiki. am araCveulebrivs, istoriaSi erTad-

erT magaliTs gansakuTrebiT Tavi uCenia X saukuneSi...~51

swored qarTuli eklesiis nacionalur-qristianulma xasiaTma misca sa-

babi berZnebs mwvaleblebad moenaTlaT qarTvelebi, radgan qarTuli ek-

lesiis liturgika gansxvavebuli yofila berZnulisagan. ̀ qarTvelebi dadgo-

mian RvTismsaxurebis sruli gaerovnulebis gzas, ara marto enis mxriv,

aramed SinaarsiTac, magram Semdegma periodma es mimarTuleba Seayena~.52

qarTuli RvTismsaxurebis srul gaerovnebas XI saukunis pirvel naxe-

varSi win aRudga bizantiis eklesia, romelmac erovnuli niSan-Tvisebebi

mwvaleblobad CauTvala qarTul eklesias da monofizitur somxur eklesi-

asTan Zveli kavSiris damadasturebel sabuTad miiCnia. qarTuli eklesiis

marTlmadideblobis damtkicebas Tavisi Sroma Sealies VIII-XI saukunis

moRvaweebma. isini ̀ ...berZnulis mixedviT asworeben Zvel Targmanebs, romelnic

somxuri enidan momdinareobdnen. aseTi Sedareba-Sesworebis gziT war-

moiSva `axali Targmani~...53

imisaTvis, raTa moespoT berZnebisaTvis qarTvelTa mwvaleblebad gamocx-

adebis sababi, eqvTime, giorgi mTawmidelebi da maTi skola Semdegi saxis

samuSaos asrulebda: `...bibliis manamde arsebul qarTul Targmanebs maqsi-

malurad uaxloeben berZnul wyaros, rom ̀ biwi rame~ ar daswamon maT. sul

raRac naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi bibliuri wignebis Zvelma qarTulma

Targmanma samjer ganicada safuZvliani gadamuSaveba... aseT muSaobas Tavidan

mxolod wminda literaturuli interesebi ki ar gansazRvravda, aramed

ufro mwvave politikur-kulturuli garemoc... es iyo iZulebiTi RonisZieba


qarTuli kulturis kerebis TviTmyofobis SesanarCuneblad didmpyrobe-

luri berZnebis momZlavrebis Jams... V-XI saukuneebSi qarTul enaSi ar

momxdara iseTi didi masStabis cvlileba, rom amis gamo XI saukuneSi

aucilebeli yofiliyo Zvel qarTul TargmanTa redaqciuli gadamuSaveba

da enobrivi modernizacia... mizani iyo ara Zveli teqstebis enobrivi mod-

ernizacia, aramed maqsimaluri daaxloeba berZnul wyarosTan~.54

aRmoCnda, rom giorgi mTawmideli aris bibliuri wignebis ara mTargmne-

li, am sityvis dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT, aramed redaqtori _ ̀ giorgi rom

bibliur wignebs xelaxla ar Targmnis, es faqtia, romelsac mxolod danax-

va unda da ara mtkiceba... giorgis redaqciuli kalami arsebiTad Seexo

Zveli redaqciis ara gramatikul, aramed Sinaarsobriv-stilistur mxares~.55

`giorgis redaqtoruli muSaobis mizania, rom Zveli qarTuli redaqciis teqs-

ti ufro dauaxlovos berZnul wyaros~... `...efrem mcire ki giorgis nare-

daqciev qarTul Targmans kidev ufro aaxloebs berZnul wyarosTan ara

marto Sinaarsis, aramed struqturis, stilis TvalsazrisiTac. ...raTa qarTuli

Targmani maqsimalurad Seesityvebodes berZnul wyaros azrobrivadac da

enobrivadac... magram es xdeba... qarTuli enis bunebis sawinaaRmdegod~.56

aseT ukiduresobamde qarTveli mTargmnel-redaqtorebis miyvana gamoiw-

via `mabralobelTa~ da `mayvedrebelTa~ ciliswamebam, TiTqosda qarTul

Targmanebs raRac monofizituri `biwi~ gaaCnda.

qarTvelma mTargmnel-redaqtorebma mospes qarTuli eklesiis mwvalebe-

lTa eklesiad gamocxadebis sababi da amiT udidesi saqme Seasrules

qarTuli eklesiis ZvelTaganve arsebuli avtokefaliisa (TavisTavadobisa)

da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos aRiarebis saqmeSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad qarTuli qalkedonituri eklesiebis Zlierebisa,

X-XI saukuneebSi qarTveli monofizitebi arsebobdnen ara marto qveynis

samxreT nawilSi, aramed maT samefo karzec ki maRali Tanamdebobebi eka-

vaT. magaliTad, bagrat III-is mwignobarTuxucesi eqvTime (efTvime) erovnebiT

qarTveli, magram sarwmunoebiT `somexia~. es mematianes miaCnia erovnul

Ralatad, ̀ Sinagamcemobad~. is efTvimes Sesaxeb wers: ̀ igica Tana-ziari iyo

borotis mis wvalebisa maTisa da Sina-ganmcemi sarwmunoebisa Cuenisa~,

Rrtilas saeklesio krebaze qalkedonitTa da monofizitTa kamaTisas es

`Sinagamcemi~ miemxro somex monofizit somexT-moZRvars sosTens.57

dinara dedoflamde aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, hereTSi, mosaxleobis

erTi nawili monofizituri yofila, magram qarTveli monofizitebis ricxvi

qveyanaSi X s-is bolosa da XI s-is dasawyisisaTvis mcirdeboda.

miuxedavad amisa, berZnebi am droisaTvis sarwmunoebrivi motiviT devnian

qarTvelebs, romelnic aseT situaciaSi iZulebulni iyvnen emtkicebinaT,

rom isini ̀ naTesaviT~, gvar-tomobiTa da warmoSobiT qarTvelni arian. grigol

bakurianisZe da, saerTod, XI saukunis moRvaweni kargad ganasxvavebdnen


erTmaneTisagan erovnebasa da sarwmunoebas, isini amtkicebdnen, rom erovnebiT,

`naTesaviT~ qarTvelebi arian, amave dros ar uaryofdnen erovnebiT qarTve-

li, xolo sarwmunoebiT ̀ somxebis~ arsebobasac.

basili II-is gardacvalebis Semdeg axalma imperatorma konstantinem

saqarTvelos mimarT Zveli politika ganagrZo. imis miuxedavad, rom basili

ramdenjerme Semoesia saqarTvelos, is mainc pativiscemiT sargeblobda

qarTvel saeklesio moRvaweTa Soris, radganac garkveuli wvlili miuZRo-

da qarTuli eklesiis winaSe. imperatori konstantine ki Zalze mtrulad

da agresiulad iyo ganwyobili qarTuli eklesiisadmi. amitomac misma

sikvdilma qarTul sazogadoebriobaSi TanagrZnoba ki ar gamoiwvia, aramed

sixaruli. misi sikvdili imperatorisaTvis movlenil RvTis risxvad miuC-

neviaT: `ewia risxva umsjavrosa mas mefesa konstantines, msgavsadve iv-

lianes usjulosa, uwyaloebisaTYs bagrat mefisa Cuenisa _ mooKrebisaTvis

mamulisa misisa~.58

imperator konstantines mier `Relvad aRtexilad igvemeboda~ saqarTve-

lo. bizantiis ganmgebeli qarTuli eklesiis mimarT SurisZiebiT aRavso im

garemoebam, rom bizantia-saqarTvelos omis dros, kerZod, saqarTveloSi

misi SemoWrisas, qarTuli samRvdeloeba da eklesia saTaveSi Caudga sax-

alxo oms mis winaaRmdeg.

konsantinem gamefebisTanave 1026-1027 wlebSi gailaSqra saqarTveloze.

misi armia ZaliT bevrad aRemateboda basili II-isas. is SemoiWra `miuw-

domelisa ZaliTa laSqriTa TYsisaTa da ganZiTa uricxYTa yovlad uZliere-

sad basili mefisaca. movlo da moaoKra queyanani igi, romelni pirvel

moeoKrnen queyanani basili mefesa, da umetesca~.59

mefe bagrat IV-m, romelic im dros bavSvi iyo, winaaRmdegoba ver gauwia

berZnebs, xolo zogierTi aznauri gandga misgan da cixeebi dampyrobels

gadasca. mtris winaaRmdeg brZolis iniciativa da meTauroba Tavis xelSi

aiRo eklesiam. `aRaSena simagre saba mtbevar episkoposman, maxlobelad

tbeTis eklesiasa da saxel-sdva mas suetid. da Sekriba maSin man eri TYsi

da Sevides mas Sina TYT saba mtbevar episkoposi, da ezra anCel episkopo-

si~. male mtris winaaRmdeg meomar episkoposebs gverdSi amoudga mosaxle-

oba _ `da SavSeTisa aznaurni da ganZlierda mas Sina~.60

saba mtbevar episkoposs, romelmac ̀ daiWira queyana SavSeTisa, qmna didi

erTguloba bagrat afxazTa mefisaTYs, pativsca RmerTman da ver waruRes

queyana mterTa~.61

berZnebma `gamoadgines laSqari suetsa mas tbeTisasa, romeli aRego

saba mtbevar episkopozsa cixed. da hbrZodes Zlierad mravalRoned da

RmerTman ganaZlierna myofni igi suetsa mas Sina madliTa da meoxebiTa

wmidaTa mociqulTaTa da locviTa wmidaTa amaT mRvdelT-moZRuarTaTa da

viTarca erTgulni da WeSmaritni martvilni TavTa TYsTa sikudilad ganswi-


rvides, egreTve iginica KorcielTa ufalTa TYisTaTYs TavTa TYsTa sikud-

ilad ganswirvides, da sisxlTa dasTxevdes sityYsaebr mociqulTasa da

yovelnive etyodes urTierTsa cixesa mas Sina myofni, romelTa Tana erTo

ezra anCeli, viTarmed: `numca Segvityueben Cuen liqnani da ese da safas-

eni mswrafl warmavalni, aramed movigoT madli erTgulobisa da gYrgYni

axovnebisa~, rameTu mbrZolni igi garemodgomilni maTda hliqnides aRTqmi-

Ta da qadagebiTa keTilTa da safaseTaTa~.62

saqarTveloSi brZolebis dros imperatorma konstantinem TavisTan daibara

iverTa monastridan eqvTime mTawmideli, imis momizezebiT, rom monasterSi

areuloba daiwyo. areulobas TviT konstantinopoli aqezebda. iverone-

lebma, _ wers mematiane, _ `ukanasknel iwyes Tavxedobad da amboxebad... da

umetes da umetes aRorZindeboda amboxeba maTi, vidremdis sameufod aR-

vides da auwyes konstanti mefesa SfoTisa maTisaTvis~.

mosalodneli iyo monastris areulobis gamo eqvTimes konstantinopol-

Si upativiscemod miiRebdnen, magram is saxelganTqmuli moRvawe iyo mTel

bizantiaSi, aTanase aTonelis Tanamosagre. eqvTime kviprosis avtokefaluri

eklesiis meTaurad undoda Tavis droze daeniSna basili II-s.63 eqvTime

cudad ar miuRia konstantines. Cans, imperators gadawyvetili hqonda, gada-

ebirebina wmida eqvTime ise, rogorc gadaibira `baneli episkoposi ioane~.64

saqarTveloSive konstantines surda Tavis mxareze gadaebirebina saba

mtbevar episkoposi da ezra anCel episkoposi `liqniTa~ da didi Tanxis

micemiT. man es ver SeZlo, samagierod moaxerxa Tavis mxareze gadaebirebi-

na qarTvel aznaurTa, `wvrili erisa~ da samRvdeloebis nawili. konstan-

tinesaTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZenda qarTuli eklesiis mimxro-

ba. maSin is advilad SeZlebda bagrat IV-is damarcxebas. SesaZloa, swored

am mizniT is konstantinopolSi kargad iRebs saqarTvelos kaTalikos-

patriarq melqisedek I-s: `Seiwynara mefeman berZenTaman konstantinem da

mosca Sesamkobelni eklesiaTa, xatni da juarni...~65

konstantinem eqvTime mTawmideli daibara mis sikvdilamde cota xniT

adre, e.i. 1027-1028 wlebSi, maSin, rodesac is uzarmazari armiiT aoxrebda

saqarTvelos, xolo qarTuli eklesia, misi mesveurni saTaveSi edgnen oms

bizantielTa winaaRmdeg, radganac qarTuli eklesiis varskvlavi eqvTime

mxarSi edga bizantielTa mowinaaRmdege samRvdeloebas, amitomac is gana-

rides iverTa monasters, sadac am dros winamZRvrobda berZenT momxre mama,

giorgi I. mematiane wers, rom mama giorgi I _ ̀ berZenTa mieqca~-o, ̀ berZenni

friad raime Seiyvarna da ganamravlna da sruliad maTda mimarT midrka~.66

iseve rogorc baneli episkoposi iovane.

imperator romanoz III-is gamefebisTanave, saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patri-

arqi melqisedek I `warvida... winaSe romanoz berZenTa mefisa kostantinep-

oled~.67 vizitis mizani, cxadia, iqneboda zavisa da mSvidobis Camogdeba.

romanozma is `Seiwynara da mosca Sesamkobeli eklesiaTani~.68


daaxloebiT 1030 wels saxelovani da cnobili diplomati _ mariam

dedofali, deda bagrat IV-isa sagangebo misiiT gaemgzavra `...saberZneTad

Ziebad mSYdobisa da erTobisa~.69 sumbat daviTis Ze wers: `Seimosa simKne

da axovneba... da warvida konstantinepoled winaSe romanoz mefisa, vedre-

bad misa, raTa mSYdoba yos aRmosavleTisaTYs da raTa arRara iyos brZola

berZenTa da qarTvelTa...~70

imperatorma romanozma ineba dazaveba saqarTvelosTan. qarTveli mefe

imperatoris vasalad aRiarebda Tavis Tavs, rac imiT gamoixateboda, rom

mzad iyo mieRo sakariskaco tituli. berZenTa da qarTvelTa samefo dinas-

tiebi damoyvrdnen. mefe bagrat IV-s colad misces `keisris qali~ _

dedofali elene.

saxelovani diplomatis, mariam dedoflis viziti warmatebiT dasrulda.

mas imperatorma `aRusrula yoveli saTxoveli sixaruliTa: `mosca ficni

da simtkiceni erTobisa da siyuarulisaTYs. dauwerna oqro-beWedni, mosca

pativi kurapalatobisa, da mosca colad bagratisaTYs elene dedofali~.71

bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris dadebulma zavma Seamsubuqa qarTuli ek-

lesiis mdgomareoba. zavis dadebamde iveronis berebi ukiduresad Sevi-

wroebulni iyvnen. zavis Semdeg imperatori romanozi iveronis winamZRvar

giorgi I-is (1012-1030) mimarT megobrulad ganewyo, magram es megobroba

didxans ar gagrZelebula, anu gagrZelda manamde, sanamdec bizantiasa da

saqarTvelos Soris megobrul-moyvruli damokidebuleba iyo. bizantieli

`keisris qali~, bagrat IV-is meuRle, male gardaicvala _ qorwilis Semde-

gve: `...Semdgomad mciredisa Jamisa miicvala elene dedofali quTaTiss

Sina da SeirTo colad bagrat mefeman borena dedofali _ ovsT mefisa

asuli~.72 bizantiis damokidebuleba saqarTvelosadmi kvlav daiZaba. gior-

gi mTawmideli iverTa monastris winamZRvris Sesaxeb wers: `JamTa romanoz

mefisaTa didad warCinebul iqna giorgi winaSe romanoz mefisa da didad

sakuTar da pativcemul merme... gandgomilebaA da orguloba daswames... amis

mizezisaTYs eqsoria-iqmna~.73 am dros, daaxloebiT 1031_33 wlebSi `...didsa

Relvasa da mimotacebasa STavcYveniT, rameTu samgzis daityuena monasteri

da, raAca dristi turfaA iyo mamaTa CuenTa mogebuli, yoveli iavar-iqmna, da

egreTve ganZi da kumaSi~74 iverTa monastris winamZRvrad im dros airCies

beri grigoli, berZnebma isic daapatimres da gadaasaxles, ris Semdegac

qarTvelTa mdgomareoba monasterSi savalalo gaxda: `...Jami poves berZenTa,

da viTarca cecxlni aRegznnes Cuen zeda da sruliad aRmofxuraA Cueni

eneba da dapyroba samkYdrebelisa CuenisaA~.75 amis Semdeg iveronis winamZR-

vari gaxda giorgi II. 1035 wels winamZRvari giorgi II xels awers Teoktist

protosis aqtze _ aTonis mTis erT-erT saqmian qaRaldze.76

am dros damokidebuleba bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris kvlav daZabulia.

`male bizantiam isev daiwyo mtruli moqmedeba saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg,


1032 wels, bizantielebi SeuCndnen bagratis naxevarZma demetres, isic

keisarTan gaiqca da anakofiis cixe afxazeTSi berZnebs gadasca~.77 winamZRvar

giorgi II-s qarTveli berebi `ukeTurs~ uwodebdnen, radganac is iseve

iqceoda, rogorc winamZRvari giorgi I. ̀ ..giorgi ukeTuri, araAT umolxinesi

pirvelisa mis giorgisi~.78

am dros, daaxloebiT 1035-1036 wlebSi, qarTvelebisaTvis ukve mwvale-

bloba-eretikosoba dauwamebiaT da fizikurad scemdnen kidec. mematiane

wers: `...didsa Wirsa Sina YyveniT da sawunel da saZulel maTda. da

TYToeulad arca Tu SesaZlebel ars yovlisave warmoTqumaA, ravdenni

ginebani, ravdenni Seuracxebani da yuedrebani moiweodes maT mier Cuen

zeda dRiTi-dRe; da cemiTa da guemiTa da mwvalebelad xadiTa Seiwre-

bulni disa urvasa Sina viyveniT. da eseca eneba, raATamca saxelica maSene-

belTaA aRmohKoces~.79

daaxloebiT 1036-1040 wlebSi iveronis berebze mzrunveli winamZRvrebi

arian `netari mama grigoli~ da `netari arseni~. am wlebSi iveronidan

saqarTveloSi mravalgzis agzavnian berebs mefe-mTavrebTan SewevnisaTvis.

erT-erTi gavleniani didi mTavari saqarTvelosi, romelic karg damokide-

bulebaSi iyo bizantielebTan, iyo lipariti. is exmareboda iveronis be-

rebs da TviTonac berad aRikveca. giorgi mTawmidels, mematianis azriT,

wignis gadaweris saqmeSi, 1055-56 wlebSi, yvelaze metad xeli swored am

pirma Seuwyo: `ufroAs yovelTaAsa didad iRvawa suliTa kurTxeulman

antoni _ liparit-yofilman... wmidasa amas bersa didad pativ-upyra da

nugeSinis-sca da mSvenieri qeba-galoba dawera...~.80 manamde ki, 1030-40 wleb-

Si Zalze gavlenian liparits kargi damokidebuleba hqonda rogorc bi-

zantiis imperatorebTan, aseve bagrat IV-sTan. Cans, liparitis gavleniT

imperator miqael IV-is (1034-41) dros iveronis berebis mdgomareoba odnav

gaumjobesebula, magram mcire xniT: ̀ ...RmerTman yovlad Zlierman, saxiere-

biTa TvisiTa lmobier-yo guli miqael qristes-moyvarisa mefisa da wyalo-

bad Cuenda moaqcia...~81

1039-40 wlebSi bagrat IV-m zavi dado amirasTan. am ambavma lipariti

didad aRaSfoTa. `Seiqmna liparit qvegamxedvarad Tavis patronisagan~.82

bizantiam myisve gamoiyena Tavisi erTguli liparitis ukmayofileba. md-

gomareoba kvlav daiZaba, ris gamoc 1040-41 wlebSi miqael V-is dros

(1041-42) `kvalad aRetynes Cven zeda berZenni da mTa yoveli aRZres,

didebulni yovelni gandriknes~,83 magram miqael mefes qarTvelTa mxare

dauWeria, SesaZloa, liparitis gavleniT.

mematianis mier Tqmuli ̀ mTa yoveli aRZres~ gulisxmobs imas, rom mTeli

mTawmidis berebi qarTvelTa winaaRmdeg aRZrulan. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom

qarTvelebs, marTlac, mwvaleblobas, anu marTlmadideblobisagan gandrekas

abralebdnen, sxva SemTxvevaSi mTeli mTawmida erTi monastris sawinaaRmde-

god ar aRiZvroda.


1041-42 wlebSi iverTa monastris winamZRvaria mama svimeoni.84 mis dros

iveroni SedarebiT damSvidebuli iyo, magram gadataniliT SeWirvebul qarTvel

berebs `JamTa svimeon mamisaATasa~,85 dauweriaT mosaxsenebeli, sadac wyev-

lian yvela Sinagamcem qarTvels. maT es sabuTi SudgeniaT ara marto

Tavisi, aramed bizantiis imperiaSi mcxovrebi yvela qarTveli beris saxel-

iTac. Cans, bizantiaSi mcxovrebi yvela qarTveli beri erT dReSi iyo,

qarTvelebi yvelgan idevnebodnen: `...erTiTa erTobiTa amas vityYi viTarca

erTisa piriTa yovelTa qarTvelTa Tana, romelni sadaca arian aRmosavle-

Tisa da Savisa mTisa da ierusalemisaTa da sadaca arian Zmani Cuenni~.

mTel imperiaSi qarTuli eklesia devnilia; igi bizantiis imperiasTan

mebrZoli xalxis eklesiaa, amitomac miiCneva ̀ mwvalebelTa~ eklesiad; misi

avtokefalia saeWvoa, sapatriarqo Rirseba _ miuRebeli, xolo am eklesiis

wevrebi _ devnili.

qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo RirsebisaRiareba 1054-1057 wlebSi

X saukunis Sua wlebidan bizantiis imperia, ganicdida ra aRmavlobas,

saqarTvelosa da misi eklesiis mimarT amJRavnebda agresiul zraxvebs.

swored am periodSi man arabebs waarTva zemo mesopotamia, mcire aziis

nawili, siria, kreta da kviprosi; 1018 wels daipyro dasavleT bulgare-

Tis samefo; mas emoCileboda, agreTve, balkaneTis naxevarkunZuli dunaimde.

aseTi Zlierebis dros imperiam Tavis gverdiT ver igua saqarTvelos

gaerTianebuli samefo da misi sapatriarqo.

XI saukunis meore naxevarSi sruliad Seicvala bizantiis rogorc sa-

gareo, ise saSinao mdgomareoba. am dros imperia kriziss ganicdida. gam-

wvavda brZola qveynis SigniT provinciel didebulebsa da dedaqalaqis

warCinebulebs Soris. gauaresda imperiis sagareo politikuri mdgomareo-

ba. mTavrobas erTdroulad uxdeboda paWanikebisa da Turq-seljukebis

mogerieba. 1071 wels mancikertis brZolaSi bizantiis damarcxebis Semdeg

Turq-seljukebma mcire aziis didi nawili miitaces, didi danaklisi ganic-

ada bizantiam dasavleTSic.86

swored amiT iyo gamowveuli, rom XI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi bizantiis

imperiam gadasinja Tavisi damokidebuleba saqarTvelos saxelmwifosadmi,

radganac msoflio politikis arenaze gamosulma axalma Zalam _ Turqul-

ma tomebma, mkveTrad Secvala saerTaSoriso viTareba. am tomebma gadale-

kes bizantiis aRmosavleTi qveynebi, daipyres irani, xelSi Caigdes somxe-

Tis udidesi nawili, Seesivnen da daipyres bizantiis qalaqebi da dasax-

ldnen iq. yvelaferi es xdeboda sul ramdenime aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi,

XI saukunis dasawyisidan, ris gamoc 1074 wlis xelSekrulebiT biza-


tielebma aRmosavleTis qveynebis udidesi nawili, romelic maT mflobelo-

baSi imyofeboda, Turq-seljukebs dauTmes.

Turq-seljukebi bizantiis imperias walekviT emuqrebodnen. XI saukunis

50-ian wlebSi es ukve naTlad gamoikveTa, amitomac, Tu am dromde bizantia

varaudobda, rom Turqebs TviTve gaumklavdeboda da moigeriebda mis Se-

motevas, axla ukve naTeli gaxda, rom bizantias sWirdeboda Tavis mezo-

blad Zlieri qristianuli saxelmwifo, romelic imperias daicavda Crdil-

oeTisa da aRmosavleTis mxridan araqristian TurqTa Semotevisagan. es

iyo mizezi saqarTvelos mimarT bizantiis damokidebulebis Secvlisa. Tu

XI saukunis dasawyisSi bizantia eomeboda da asustebda saqarTvelos, 50-

iani wlebidan is momxrea saqarTvelos gaZlierebisa. aman gadawyvita mTa-

var liparit erisTavis bedi, rogorc politikuri moRvawisa, romelsac

Tavis droze imperia aZlierebda saqarTvelos samefos daZabunebis mizniT.

brZola bagrat IV-sa da erisTav liparits Soris 10 welze met xans

gagrZelda. liparitma berZnebis daxmarebiT Zalze daasusta saqarTvelos

mefe, miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo Zlierdeboda da far-

Tovdeboda. 1045 wels mas anisi SeuerTda. `...ganZlierda bagrat mefe ...

anisi mosces dedasa bagratisasa~,87 1046 wels saxelmwifos droebiT Tbilisic

SeuerTda.

liparitTan omSi dauZlurebulma bagrat IV-m gadawyvita bizantiasTan

Serigebisa da samSvidobo molaparakebisaTvis TviTve Casuliyo konstanti-

nopolSi. mas Tan axlda dedamisi mariami _ saxelovani diplomati. am

dros imperatori iyo konstantine monomaxi (1042-1055).

konstantine monomaxs qarTveli mefe da dedofali didebiTa da pativiT

miuRia, magram bagrat IV 3 wlis manZilze ukan ar gamouSves. `...dayo mun

sami weliwadi didsa didebasa da pativsa Sina~.88

giorgi mTawmidelis cxovrebidan Cans, rom konstantine monomaxTan bagrat

IV-sa da mariam dedofals Zalze axlo, TiTqmis ojaxuri urTierToba aqvT.

imperatori am dros konstantinopolSi myof giorgi mTawmidelis mimarTac

kargad iyo ganwyobili. mefem misi TxovniT iveronis mTavari taZari tyviiT

gadaaxurvina.

axal epoqaSi bizantias sWirdeboda erTguli, masze damokidebuli, misi

gavlenis qveS myofi qveyana. Turqebis gamoCenis gamo bizantiasTan dazave-

ba saqarTvelos interesebsac Seadgenda.

samwliani molaparakeba 1054-1057 wlebSi damTavrda samSvidobo zaviT,

romelic aRarasodes darRveula Semdgom saukuneTa manZilze. amis Semdeg

saqarTvelosa da bizantiis urTierTdamokidebuleba megobrulia da gansx-

vavdeba XI saukunis I naxevrisagan, rodesac 1021 wels dawyebuli omi,

1030-1031 wlebamde mimdinareobda da gaxsnili iyo fronti samxreT saq-

arTveloSi. maSin bizantia exmareboda saqarTvelos erTianobis mtrebs.


liparits yoveli SebrZolebisas mefis, bagrat IV-is, winaaRmdeg imperia

uWerda mxars: `...berZenTa mefisa ganZi da laSqari Semwe iyo~, 89 anda

liparitma `...naxa berZenTa mefe, da moirTo berZenTa mefisagan Zali...~90

magram zavis dadebisa da bagratis saqarTveloSi dabrunebisTanave, lipariti

Seipyres da dasajes. molaparakebis Semdeg berZnebi mas aRar exmarebod-

nen. TviTon bagrat IV ki konstantinopolma `...wamoavlina didiTa didebiTa

da niWiTa~.

molaparakebas, romelsac awarmoebda bagrat IV konstantinopolSi, gan-

sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTvelos sapatriarqosaTvis. saqarTve-

los saxelmwifos meTaurTa mizani molaparakebis dros bizantiasa da

saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobis normalizaciis garda iyo saqarTvelos

eklesiis sapatriarqo uflebebis cnoba, rogorc bizantiis saxelmwifos,

aseve konstantinopolis sapatriarqos mier.

saqarTvelos delegacia molaparakebisas friad warmomadgenlobiTi iyo.

konstantinopolSi `bagrat afxazTa mefe da deda misi mariam~ CabrZandnen

`mTavrebisa da warCinebulebis~ TanxlebiT. delegacias saeklesio saqmee-

bic unda moegvarebina, amitomac aTonis mTidan Camovida im drois yvelaze

didi avtoriteti eklesiisa _ giorgi mTawmideli, romelmac monawileoba

miiRo delegaciis muSaobaSi: ̀ mas Jamsa odes RvTismsaxuri bagrat afxazTa

mefe da deda misi mariam dedofali samefod qalaqad movides, aRvida

wmidaca ese mama Cueni winaSe RvTismsaxurTa maT mefeTada~.91

pirveli warmateba, rasac delegaciam miaRwia, iyo is, rom Sewyda qarTve-

li berebis sastiki devna konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi, kerZod ki,

iveronSi. am dros giorgi mTawmidelma `yovelive saqme monastrisa, raAca

undoda, yoveli keTilad iurva...~92

bizantiis saimperatoro kari, gansxvavebiT konstantinopolisa da sxva

sapatriarqoTagan, principulad arasodes yofila winaaRmdegi qarTuli

eklesiis sapatriarqo eklesiad gamocxadebisa.

wina wlebSi, bizantiisa da saqarTvelos, rogorc mSvidobian, ise daZabul

periodebSic, imperatorebi iRebdnen da Rirseul pativs scemdnen saqarTve-

los pirvel kaTalikos-patriarq melqisedek I-s. 1054-57 wlebis molapar-

akebis dros saqarTvelos sapatriarqo ukve TiTqmis naxevari saukunis isto-

rias iTvlida; saukunis dasawyisidan qarTul eklesias patriarqebi marTavd-

nen. amitomac, im dros qarTuli eklesiis Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis

aRiareba TavisTavad niSnavda faqtobrivad ukve arsebuli sapatriarqo Rirse-

bis iuridiul cnobas. saqarTvelos es moTxovna bizantiis mxares gauTval-

iswinebia da daukmayofilebia.

konstantine monomaxis dros, 1054 wels, antioqiaSi petres patriarqobi-

sas, delegaciis ori wevri, mariam dedofali da giorgi mTawmideli, saekle-

sio sakiTxebze molaparakebisaTvis konstantinopolidan gaemgzavrnen an-

tioqiisa da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebSi.


konstantine monomaxi dainteresebuli iyo dadebiTad gadaWriliyo yove-

li sadavo da maT Soris saeklesio sakiTxi or qveyanas Soris. amitomac

man `sameufo brZaneba~ gagzavna antioqiaSi.

mariam dedofalma antioqiis sapatriarqo karze winaswar waradgina

giorgi mTawmideli, romelsac unda Seemzadebina sapatriarqo kari deleg-

aciis misaRebad.

imperatoris miTiTebiT antioqiis sapatriarqoSi mariam dedofali same-

fo didebiT miiRes. patriarq petre III-s dedofalma warugdgina impera-

toris sagangebo miTiTeba. antioqiis patriarq petre III-Tan molaparakebis

Semdeg dedofali ierusalimis sapatriarqoSi unda gamgzavrebuliyo. amis

Sesaxeb icoda imperatorma da dedoflis usafrTxo mgzavrobisaTvis zrunva

daavala antioqiis patriarq petre III-s. ̀ ...mariam dedofali, deda bagratis

mefisa sameufoAT qalaqad antioqiad movida... aqunda brZaneba sameufo

Tavadsa Tana da patriarqsa antioqiisa...~, xolo amis Semdeg `...eguleboda

warsvla wmidad qalaqad ierusalimad...~ nabrZanebi iyo, rom antioqiis

sapatriarqodan is `...yovliTa didebiTa da pativiTa wargzavnon~.93

qarTuli delegaciis wevrebi antioqia-ierusalimSi rom Cavidnen mola-

parakebisaTvis, iqidanac Cans, rom antioqiis patriarq petre III-s giorgi

mTawmidelTan sagangebo saubrebi hqonda ̀ kanonTaTYs saeklesioTa~ da agreTve

`sarwmunoebisaTYs marTlisa~. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT qarTuli eklesiis im-

droindel devnas, saubari swored mis sxvadasxva uflebebs Seexeboda.

swored antioqiis patriarq petre III-is dros qarTuli eklesiis sxvadasx-

va uflebis aRiareba cnobili iyo mravali ucxoeli mkvlevarisTvis. magal-

iTad, XVII saukunis ierusalimeli patriarqebis Tanaxmad, antioqiis sapatri-

arqom avtokefalia mianiWa qarTul eklesias. magram maTi msjeloba qarTu-

li eklesiis istoriis mcodneTaTvis sruliad miuRebelia, radganac, rogorc

dosiTeosi, ise xrisanfi fiqroben, rom petre III-is dros avtokefalia miiRo

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eklesiam, xolo dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesias

igive uflebebi ganumtkicda gacilebiT adre, VIII saukuneSio.94

sinamdvileSi araTu aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed mTliani saqarTve-

los (mcxeTis) eklesia, antioqiis sapatriarqosTan mokamaTe giorgi mTaw-

midelis Tanaxmad, avtokefaluri iyo mociqulTa mier daarsebisTanave, I-II

saukuneebidan. giorgi mTawmidelis azriT, qarTul eklesias ar esaWiroeba

aravisagan avtokefaliis dasturi, piriqiT, samociqulo qarTuli eklesia

Tavad iyo ucxoeTis eklesiaTa episkoposebis makurTxebeli, magaliTad, gu-

TeTis episkoposisa ioanesi VIII saukuneSi.

XI saukunes, mravali mkvlevari qarTuli eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis

miniWebis saukuned Tvlis, radganac ician, rom am dros antioqiaSi petre

III-is patriarqobisas Catarda kreba, romelmac aRiara qarTuli eklesiis

ufleba, magram am dros qarTul eklesias avtokefalia ki ar mianiWes,


aramed aRiares misi sapatriarqo Rirseba. aseTi azri jer kidev adreve

gamouTqvamT, magaliTad, korolevskis, romelTan dakavSirebiTac sardeli

mitropoliti maqsime wers: `antioqiis eklesiis mier qarTuli eklesiis

mimarT avtokefaliis gansazRvra warmoiSva im mizeziT, rom erT-erTma

kaTalikosma TviTneburad miikuTvna patriarqis pativi~.95

cxadia, qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiareba TavisTavad niSnavda

ukve arsebuli sapatriarqo Rirsebis cnobas, magram 1054-1057 wlebSi biz-

antiis sapatriarqoebSi Catarebuli krebebi Seexeboda ara qarTuli eklesi-

is avtokefaliis aRiarebas, aramed am krebebze gadawyda, Sewyvetiliyo qarTuli

eklesiis ukanono devna, qarTveli berebis aramarTlmadideblebad da mwvale-

blebad gamocxadeba. krebebma aRiares qarTuli eklesiis yvela ufleba,

romelic ki mas gaaCnda winaT, am devnis dawyebamde, maT Soris sapatriarqo

Rirsebac.

antioqiaSi molaparakebis Sedegebma qarTvel diplomatebs uCvena, rom

aRar iyo saWiro ierusalimSi umaRlesi xelisuflis _ dedofal mariamis

gamgzavreba. ierusalimis sapatriarqoSi giorgi mTawmidelis Casvlac sak-

marisi aRmoCenila. patriarqma petre III-m sTxova dedofal mariams, ar

gamgzavrebuliyo mahmadianebis mier dapyrobil qalaqSi: `...patriarqman da

mTavarman ganizraxes da gaigones TanazraxviTa mamisa giorgisaTa, viTarmed

_ `ara keTil ars, aRmosavleTisa mefeTa deda raATamca sasarkinozeTs

warvida _ vinaATgan codvaTa CuenTagan igini ufleben queyanasa mas~.96

patriarqma petre III-m da antioqiis mTavarma TavianTi Txovna `...moax-

senes dedofalsa da wasvlisagan daacxvres...~97

ierusalimSi saeklesio sakiTxebze molaparakebisaTvis gaemgzavra gior-

gi mTawmideli, mariam dedofalma amasTanave giorgi mTawmidelis xeliT

didZali Tanxa-Sewirulebani gagzavna _ daafinansa jvris qarTuli monas-

tris mSeneblobac.

giorgi mTawmideli ierusalimSi `mSvidobiTa da uvneblad miiwia~, Sexv-

da eklesiis mamebs, `wmidaTa mamaTa locva miiRo~.

giorgi mTawmidelis dabrunebis Semdeg antioqiasa da ierusalimSi mola-

parakebebis SedegebiT mariam dedofali Rrmad kmayofili yofila, deleg-

aciis warmatebebma `RvTismsaxuri igi dedofali ganamxiarula~.

antioqiis sapatriarqoSi vizitis Semdeg mariam dedofali saqarTvelo-

Si dabrunda _ `...mamulad TYsad sameufod Zisa TYsisa Tana bagrat mefisa

warvida~.98

giorgi mTawmideli darCa antioqiaSi da gaagrZela molaparakeba patri-

arq petre III-sTan. am wmida mamis antioqiaSi darCena miznad isaxavda

qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxebis safuZvlian da saboloo mogvarebas antioqi-

is sapatriarqoSi. giorgi aTonelma es SeZlo 1056-57 wlebSi.

Seqmnili rTuli viTarebis gamo msoflio qristianoba dasustebuli iyo,

ramac 1054 wels gamoiwvia romisa da konstantinopolis mimdgom berZnul


eklesiebs Soris ganxeTqileba. amas Tan daerTo muslimanTa Semosevebi

aRmosavleTidan. ganxeTqileba da dabneuloba sufevda berZnul sapatri-

arqoTa Sorisac, aseve erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegebodnen bizantiis imperator-

Ta kari da konstantinopolis patriarqi. aseT dros sapatriarqoebSi xSirad

iRebdnen urTierTgamomricxav dadgenilebebs, amitomac mosalodneli iyo

mariam dedofalTan Sexvedrisas miRebuli dadgenileba antioqiis sapatri-

arqoSi Secvliliyo. aseT viTarebaSi giorgi mTawmideli xSirad xvdeba

antioqiis patriarq petres. `...euwya moqalaqoba misi netarsa patrearqsa

antioqiisasa, mouwoda da ezraxa saRmToTa werilTagan mraval-saxed: pirvelad

sarwmunoebisaTYs marTlisasa da kanonTaTYs saeklesioTa...~99

giorgi mTawmidelsa da petre III-s hqondaT msjeloba `saeklesio kanon-

Ta~ Sesaxeb. saeklesio kanonebSi Sedis mravali saeklesio sakiTxi, maT

Soris sakiTxi romelime eklesiis sapatriarqo eklesiad wodebis Rirsebis

Sesaxeb. im dros qarTuli sapatriarqo Tavisi arsebobis TiTqmis naxevar

saukunes iTvlida. amitomac Seqmnili situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT unda

vigulisxmoT, rom `saeklesio sakiTxebze~ msjelobisas saubari exeboda

ara romelime ganyenebul, aramed aqtualur Temas. uTuod wmida mama gior-

gi icavda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Rirsebas. moRweul wyaroTa gaanali-

zebis Sedegad, Cven SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom saubrebi ar Seexeboda qarTuli

eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxs, radganac giorgi mTawmidelis Tanaxmad,

qarTuli eklesia avtokefaluri iyo mociqulTa mier misi daarsebisTanave

I-II saukuneebidan. is avtokefaliis sakiTxze msjelobisas Zalze lakonur,

mokle da amomwurav pasuxebs aZlevda da am Temaze ar saubrobda xangr-

Zlivad. amitomac, petre III-sTan misi xangrZlivi saubrebi swored qarTuli

eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebas Sexeboda. garda amisa, maT msjeloba hqoni-

aT `marTali sarwmunoebis~ Sesaxeb. im droisaTvis, TiTqmis 30 wlis man-

Zilze, berZnebs eWvi SehqondaT qarTvelebis marTlmadideblobaSi.

giorgi mTawmidels, mas Semdeg, rac petre III daurwmunebia, rom qarTuli

sapatriarqos Seqmna ar ewinaaRmdegeboda `saeklesio kanonebs~ da rom am

axali sapatriarqos SeqmniT ar darRveula `marTali sarwmunoeba~, antio-

qiis patriarqi TavisTan iaxloebs. patriarqi moxiblula giorgi mTawmide-

lis sulieri simaRliTa da codniT, amitomac is antioqiis sapatriarqos

saqmeebis mogvarebasac ki qarTvel bers andobda, Tavis pirad cxovrebasac

mas uziarebda: `...yoveli cxovreba Tvisi mas Sehvedra da mas hkiTxavn

gulisityuaTa da yovelsave saeklesioTa saqmeTa~.100 petre III Zlieri `siy-

varuliTa da sarwmunoebiTa aRsavse~ yofila giorgi mTawmidelis mimarT.

antioqiis mTavari taZris dawvis Semdeg, Zlier damwuxrebul patriarq

petre III-isTvis erTaderTi uaxloesi megobari da nugeSinismcemeli gior-

gi mTawmideli yofila. `...swavliTa sulieriTa yoveli mwuxareba da glova

misi ganaqarva~. madlier patriarqs berisTvis uTqvams: `ukueTumca siwmide


Seni ara momaSural iyo, hoi wmidao mamao kninRamca da mwuxarebaTa mier

jojoxeTad STasul iyo suli Cemi~.101

antioqiis patriarq petre III-sa da giorgi mTawmidelis aseT damokide-

bulebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo

Rirsebis aRiarebis drois gansazRvrisaTvis. swored antioqiis patriarqis

petre III-is dros antioqiis sapatriarqom iuridiulad cno qarTuli sapa-

triarqos faqtobrivi arseboba. amis Sesaxeb arsebobs arapirdapiri mo-

nacemebi, cnobilma kanonistma balsamonma icis is, rac mas mousmenia: `am-

boben, rom maSin, rodesac RvTaebrivi qalaqis, didi antioqiis uwmides

patriarqad iyo ufali petre, gamotanili iqna krebis dadgenileba, rom

iqnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesia iberiisa, romelic maSin eqvem-

debareboda antioqiis patriarqs~.102

mkvlevarebi varaudoben, rom radganac balsamons es ambavi mousmenia,

amitomac es kreba balsamonamde arcTu didi xnis winaT Catarebula, radga-

nac am moRvawis uaxloesi patriarqi petres saxeliT iyo petre III. amito-

mac miiCneven, rom balsamonis mier aRwerili kreba gulisxmobs 1056 wlis

krebas. 381 wlis msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis komentaris dros balsamoni

wers ramdenime eklesiis da maT Soris iberiis eklesiis avtokefaliis

Sesaxeb. balsamonis Tanaxmad, romis imperiaSi IV saukunisaTvis avtoke-

faluri iyo yvela provinciisa da diocezis eklesia, e.i. balsamonis Tanax-

mad, romis imperiaSi 100-mde avtokefaluri eklesia iyo, radganac aseTive

iyo provinciaTa ricxvi.103 `istoria naTelyofs, rom II msoflio krebis

dros TavisTavadni, avtokefalurni iyvnen eklesiebi romis yvela provin-

ciaSi Tu ara (aseTi provincia iyo 100), yovel SemTxvevaSi, imperiis 14

diocezSi mainc (imperiaSi 14 diocezi iyo).104

balsamonis Tanaxmad, iberiis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo IV saukuneSive,

radganac misi azriT, yvela saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulis eklesia am drois-

aTvis avtokefaluri iyo. TviT imperiaSic ki, provinciaTa eklesiebi avtoke-

falurni iyvnen, miT umetes, imperiis gareT myofi damoukidebeli saxelmwi-

fos eklesia avtokefaluria. II msoflio krebis me-2 kanonic imperiis gareT

myof `barbarosuli~ qveynebis eklesiebs avtokefalias aniWebda: `...xolo

barbarozebrTa warmarTTa Soris myofTa eklesiaTa RmrTisaTa gangebaA jer

ars mamaTa mier damtkicebulisaebr Cveulebisa~,105 es kanoni saerTod ekle-

siaTa erTmaneTisagan damoukideblobasa da avtokefalias icavda.

Cans, balsamons iberiis eklesia avtokefalur eklesiad miaCnda II msof-

lio krebis droisaTvis, amitomac am krebis me-2 kanonis komentirebisas is

wers qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad amisa, man icis,

rom antioqiis patriarq petres dros am sapatriarqos krebam imsjela

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. mas ar SeeZlo efiqra, rom qarTul

eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa petre III-m, radganac misi azriT, XI saukuneSi


qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia ukve iTvlida ramdenime saukunes. magram

balsamons gaugonia, rom XI saukuneSi antioqiis sapatriarqoSi Catarebu-

la raRac kreba, romelsac qarTuli eklesiis erTi raRac ufleba iuridi-

ulad ucvnia. marTlac, 1056 wels petre III-is dros Catarebulma antioqiis

saeklesio krebam aRiara qarTuli eklesia WeSmaritad marTlmadidebelTa

eklesiad, amitomac Sewyvita qarTuli eklesiisa da misi berebis devna.

garda amisa, am dros aRiarebul iqna qarTuli eklesiis yvela ufleba, maT

Soris sapatriarqo Rirsebac.

petre III-is dros Catarebuli saeklesio krebis Sesaxeb mravali istori-

kosi miuTiTebs. mravals es kreba miaCnia qarTuli eklesiisaTvis avtoke-

faliis miniWebis krebad, rac arasworia. am krebam Sewyvita qarTuli ek-

lesiis 30-wliani ukanono devna da aRiara misi uflebebi.

am krebis Semdeg petre III-s didxans ar ucocxlia. is 1057 wels

gardaicvala. giorgi mTawmideli Sexvda axal patriarq Teodores (Teodo-

si) (1057-1076). am dros bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris samwliani sazavo

molaparakeba (1054-57 wlebisa) jer kidev damTavrebuli ar iyo da qarTveli

mefe bagrat IV jer kidev konstantinopolSi imyofeboda, Tumca bizantiis

samefo karma 1054 welsve ineba Sewyvetiliyo qarTuli eklesiis sazogado

devna, rac daadastura 1056 wlis antioqiis krebam. magram am devnis

recidivebi 1057 wlisaTvis mainc arsebobda, radganac qarTvelebs mwvale-

blobas, kerZod ki, monofizitur mwvaleblobas swamebdnen da TiTqmis 30

wlis manZilze devnidnen. amitomac zavis dadebisas bizantia-saqarTvelos

Soris molaparakebis periodSi zogjer inerciiT kvlav meordeboda es

movlenebi. ase momxdara 1057 wels antioqiaSi mdebare svimonwmidis mon-

asterSi, sadac berZnebTan erTad qarTvelebic moRvaweobdnen. qarTvelebis

devna im dros, kerZod 1056 wlis antioqiis krebis Semdeg akrZaluli iyo,

amitomac TavianT moqmedebas berZnebi ase asabuTebdnen: `ar vuwyiT, Tu

qarTvelni arian anu somexni~,106 e.i ar viciT diofizitebi arian Tu monofiz-

itebio. aq ̀ qarTvelnSi~ da ̀ somexnSi~ igulisxmebian ara erovnebiT qarTvelebi

da somxebi, aramed sarwmunoebrivad ̀ qarTvelebi~ da sarwmunoebrivad ̀ somx-

ebi~ anu diofizitebi (marTlmadideblebi) da monofizitebi (mwvaleblebi).

marTaliao, ambobdnen svimonwmideli berZnebi, ucxo berebi `...qarTvelebad

saxel-idebdnen TavTa TYsTa, da ara uwyiT Tu rasa zraxven, anu raA ars

sarwmunoeba maTi...~107 e.i. ucxoeli berebi erovnebiT, marTalia, qarTvelebad

acxadebdnen Tavian Tavs, magram sarwmunobiT SeiZleba `somexni~ ariano.

erovnebiT qarTveli, magram sarwmunoebiT ̀ somexi~, anu monofiziti qarTvelebis

monasterSi saeWvo yofnis Sesaxeb moaxsenes antioqiis axal patriarqs,

Teodores. is darwmunebuli yofila qarTvelebis marTmadidebloba-diofiz-

itobaSi, amitomac am braldebis mosmenas Zlier gauocebia da ukiTxavs: ̀ da

viTar egebis ese, raTamca qarTvelni ara marTlmadidebelni iyvnes?~108


magram svimonwmidelebi arwmunebdnen mas da magaliTic mouyvanes: `...verca

xucesi maTi Jamsa wiravs monastersa Sina Cuensa~, marTlac, Turme im

dromde mcire xniT adre, avtoris cnobiT, qarTuli wirvis wesi gansxvavebu-

li yofila berZnuli wirvis wesisagan. kerZod, qarTvelebi wiravdnen qalam-

niTa da sabeWuriT, samRvdelo Sesamoslis gareSe.109 magram ara monofiz-

itobis gamo, aramed qarTuli eklesiis gaerovnulebisa da eklesiaSi uZve-

lesi wesebis SemorCenis gamo. aseTi yofila wirvis Zveli wesi, romelic

berZnuli Targis Sesabamisad, SeusworebiaT XI saukunis dasawyisSi, magram

saqarTvelos `soflur adgilebSi~ kvlav Zveleburi wesi darCenila. roca

patriarqs gaugia, rom qarTuli wirvis wesi gansxvavdeboda berZnulisagan

anu `marTlmadideblurisagan~, Zlier gancvifrebula. gancvifrebuli pa-

triarqisaTvis kvlav mravali araswori cnoba miuwvdiaT da daueWvebiaT

kidec qarTvelTa aramarTlmadideblobaSi. amis mizezi isic yofila, rom

`axal-Semosuli~ patriarqi ̀ ...wuT umecar iyo naTesavisa Cuenisa...~. swored

am mizeziT sapatriarqo karze miiwvies giorgi mTawmideli.

patriarqma Teodorem icoda, rom giorgi mTawmideli antioqiaSi qarTu-

li eklesiisa da mefis wargzavnili diplomati iyo. icis, rom is mefes

werilebs swers da mefe misi rCevis Sesabamisad iqceva. patriarqi eubneba

mas: ̀ ...gismens mefe Tqueni, ukeTu miuwero da auwyo umjobesi...~.110 patriarqi

gaesaubra mas da darwmunda mis Rrma ganswavlulobaSi, ris gamoc Tqva:

`daRacaTu naTesaviT qarTveli xar, sxviTa kula yovliTa swavlulebiTa

sruliad berZeni xar~.111 marTalia, aq `berZeni~ erovnebiT berZens niSnavs,

magram xSirad ̀ berZeni~ marTlmadideblis identuri iyo. patriarqis azriT,

giorgi mTawmidels sruli marTlmadidebluri (`berZnuli~) swavla aqvs.

roca antioqiis patriarqi darwmunda giorgi mTawmidelis marTlmadi-

deblobaSi, misca aseTi SekiTxva: `...miTxar naTesavisa SenisaTYs: arsa raA

naklulevanebaA marTlisa sarwmunoebisa maT Tana, gina urTierTas ganyo-

filebaA marTlisa sarwmunoebisa maT Soris da Cuen Soris?~112

kiTxvidan Cans, rom patriarqi qarTvelebs miiCnevs `marTali sarwmunoe-

bis~ mqone erad, magram hgonia, rom qarTvelTa marTlmadideblobas gaaCnia

raRac nakli da cdilobs gaerkves amaSi, kerZod, xom ar aris TviT qarTvelTa

Sorisve (`urTierTas~) sarwmunoebrivi gansxvaveba, anda xom ar gansxvavde-

ba qarTvelTa da berZenTa aRmsarebloba.

giorgi mTawmindelma warmoTqva mrwamsi, romelsac im dros aRiarebda

qarTuli eklesia: ̀ ...iwyo warmoTqumad marTlisa sarwmunoebisa esreT, romel

ganakYrva msmenelni...~

patriarqi da masTan myofi episkoposebi darwmundnen, rom qarTvelTa

sarwmunoeba unakloa. patriarqma ganacxada: `...vieTnime naklulevanebasa

swamebdes qarTvelTa da aha esera mravalTa saxiTa uzeSTaes ipovnes

Cuensa da ufroAs xolo qalwulebiTa, romeli igi maRlad upyries maT~..113


qarTvelTa marTlmadideblobaSi darwmunebulma patriarqma ciliswame-

bad gamoacxada svimonwmideli berZeni berebis moqmedeba. maT 1056 wlis

krebis Semdeg akrZaluli hqondaT qarTveli berebis devna, amitomac 1057

wels maT mier xelaxla aRorZinebuli devnisaTvis isini patriarqma dasa-

ja: `xolo patrearqman cudis-mzraxTa maT da amaoTa kacTa sYmeonwmidel-

Ta friad Sehrisxna da kanonsa queSe saeklesiosa Seyarna da sxuasaca

mravalsa ZYrsa uTqumida~.114

Tu, 1054 wlamde, mTeli bizantiis imperiaSi qarTveli berebis devna

bunebrivad iTvleboda, 1057 wels igive qmedeba mkacrad isjeba.

mcire xnis Semdeg antioqiis patriarqi kvlav aRiZra qarTuli eklesiis

sawinaaRmdegod. axla ukve saqme Seexo ara sarwmunoebriv aRmsareblobas,

aramed qarTuli eklesiis Tavisufleba-avtokefalias. patriarqs surs,

gaerkves qarTuli eklesiis sxvadasxva uflebebSi.

am sakiTxis gasarkvevad kvlav miiwvies giorgi mTawmideli. aqedan Cans,

rom giorgi mTawmidelis diplomatiuri misia antioqiaSi kvlav grZelde-

boda. qarTuli eklesiis mowinaaRmdegeebma patriarq Teodosis moaxsenes:

`viTar ese meufeo, romel eklesiani da mRvdelTmoZRvarni qarTlisani ara

romlisa patreaqisa xelmwifebasa queSe arian da yovelni saeklesioni

wesni maT mier ganegebian da TYT daismen kaTalikozTa ebiskopozTa da ara

samarTal ars ese, rameTu aTormetTa mociqulTagani aravin misrul ars

queyanasa maTsa da jer ars... raATa xelmwifebasa queSe antioqieli patrear-

qisas imwysodin da aqa ikurTxeodis kaTalikosi maTi da viyvneT Cuen erT

samwyso da erT mwyems~.115

aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom cdebian is mkvlevarebi, romlebic qarTuli

eklesiis avtokefalias aTariReben XI saukunis 50-iani wlebiT. am drois-

aTvis qarTuli eklesia ar eqvemdebareba arc erT ucxoeTis patriarqs da

ar aris romelime sapatriarqos xelmwifebis qveS. qarTuli eklesia sruliad

damoukidebelia da avtokefaluri, rac imiT gamoixateba, rom nebismieri

saeklesio wesi TviT qarTuli eklesiis mierve ganegeba, TviT qarTveli

episkoposebi saqarTveloSive irCeven da svamen qarTvel mamamTavars, rac

patriarqisadmi moxsenebuli cnobidan Cans.

qarTul eklesias 1056 wels, petre III-is dros rom mieRo avtokefalia,

1057 wels patriarq Teodosis srulebiT sxvagvarad warudgendnen am

sakiTxs, kerZod, moaxsenebdnen, rom qarTulma eklesiam erTi wlis win, petre

III-is dros miiRo avtokefalia, rac Secdoma iyoo. Teodosis dros ki

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia Camoyalibebulia, rac Cans avtoris monaTxro-

bidan. garda amisa, avtori, marTalia, sakmaod dawvrilebiT saubrobs petre

III-is Sesaxeb, magram arafers ambobs mis mier qarTuli eklesiisaTvis

avtokefaliis miniWebaze.

is, rac patriarq Teodosis moaxsenes qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis

Sesaxeb, mTlianad emTxveva `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ moTavsebul, qarTuli


eklesiis mdgomareobis VII saukuniT daTariRebul aRweras. VII saukunis

bolos qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia yofila aseTi saxisa: `...kaTalikozi

qarTlisa xelqveiT ara ars patriaqTa da ara ikurTxevian patriaqTagan,

aramed TYsisa samwysosa mitrapolitTa da mTavarefiskopozTa da efisko-

pozTagan ikurTxevian, rameTu Tavisufali ars da mociqulTa magieri da

mociqulTa taxtsa zeda mjdomi da patriaqi~.116

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis es gansazRvreba Zalze msgavsia imisa,

rac patriarq Teodosis moaxsenes.

XI saukuneSi berZnebs SeuTxzavT Teoria, romlis mixedviTac avtokef-

aluri mxolod is eklesia SeiZleboda yofiliyo, sadac mociqulma iqadaga.

antioqielTa azriT, saqarTveloSi ar uqadagnia arc erT mociquls, amito-

mac qarTuli eklesia romelime sapatriarqos unda daeqvemdebaros, umjobe-

sia antioqiis sapatriarqos, radganac teritoriulad axlosaa

saqarTvelosTan. aRsaniSnavia, rom ar amboben winaTac antioqias eqvemde-

bareboda qarTuli eklesia da axlac daeqvemdebaroso, aramed teritoriu-

li siaxlove miaCniaT mizezad.

patriarqma Teodosim giorgi mTawmidels ganucxada: `...jer ars romel

eklesiani da mRvdelT-moZRuarni Tquenni Kelsa queSe samociqulosa amis

saydrisasa imwysodin...~,117 e.i. upriani da samarTliani iqneba qarTuli ekle-

sia rom antioqiis samociqulo eklesiis mier imwysebodeso: ̀ ...da hmarTebsca

esreT mizeziTa maxlobelobisaATa da ese Sengan SesaZlebel ars, rameTu

uwyi, viTarmed gismens mefe Tqueni, ukueTu miuwero da auwyo umjobesi...~118

amis Semdeg patriarqi emuqreba, rom kvlav gaagrZelebs mTel bizantiis

imperiaSi qarTuli eklesiis devnas: `...xolo ukueTu ara isminos, miuwero

oTxTave patriaqTa saydris modgamTa CuenTa da vauwyo TYT-rCuloba da

qedficxloba naTesavisa Tquenisa da viTarmed TYnier samociquloAsa kanonisa

TYT imwysian da mociqulTagani aravin misrul ars queyanasa maTsa da

esreT mravalsa Ruawlsa SegTxine vidre ara TYT mefe Tqueni winaSe

Cuensa movides da xelmwifebasa Cuensa daemorCilos~.119

e.i. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqarTvelos mefe ar ganaxorcielebs Sengan miwode-

bul azrs qarTuli eklesiis antioqiaze daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb, me amas

msoflios oTxive patrarqs (maT Soris romis papsac gulisxmobs) vauwyeb da

mivwer, rom qarTveli eri urCia, radganac samociqulo kanonebis nebadau-

rTvelad avtokefalurad acxadebs Tavis eklesias. es ki dauSvebelia, rad-

ganac arc samociqulo kanonebiT da arc mociqulTa mier es eklesia ar

daarsebula da iseT saerTaSoriso izolaciaSi movaqcev saqarTvelos da

iseT devnas daviwyeb qarTuli eklesiisas, rom TviT Tqveni mefe mova Cems

winaSe da ara marto eklesias damiqvemdebarebs, TviTonac damemorCilebao.

giorgi mTawmidels Tavis pasuxSi ugunurebad gamoucxadebia antioqiis

survili qarTuli eklesiis damorCilebisa da ukiTxavs: `...vin-me arian


ugunurni igi ganmzraxni Senni... raAsaTYs-me esreT advilad Kel-hyav did-

isa amis da maRlisa saqmisa mogonebad da aRsrulebad?~120

`didi da maRali saqme~ qarTuli eklesiis saukunovani avtokefaliisa

antioqiis patriarq Teodoss àdvilad xeluyvia~, riTac ara marto Tavisi

ùgunureba~, aramed Tavisi mrCevlebis ùgunurebac~ gaumJRavnebia.

Zalze didmniSvnelovania azri, romelic qarTuli eklesiis avtokefali-

is Sesaxeb gamoTqva giorgi mTawmidelma antioqiis patriarqis winaSe.

giorgi mTawmidelis Tanaxmad, qarTul eklesias avtokefalia arc V sauku-

neSi miuRia, arc VIII-Si da miTumetes, arc XI-Si, aramed qarTuli eklesia

daarsebisTanave avtokefaluri yofila, radganac igi mociqulTa mier daarse-

buli da amitomac samociqulo yofila.121 I-II saukuneebSi mociqulTa mier

daarsebuli qarTuli samociqulo eklesia daarsebisTanave avtokefaluria,

amitomac mis avtokefalias arc vinmes dasturi esaWiroeba da arc sxva

romelime eklesias aqvs qarTul eklesiaze batonobis ufleba.

giorgi mTawmidelis pasuxi sruliad uaryofs im Tanamedrove mecnierTa

mosazrebebs, romelnic fiqroben, rom qarTulma eklesiam avtokefalia XI

saukuneSi miiRo. giorgi mTawmideli patriarqis winaSe imas ki ar ambobs,

rom qarTul eklesias avtokefalia petre III-m mianiWa 1056 wels, erTi

wlis wino, aramed medgrad da siamayiT acxadebs _ qarTuli eklesia

avtokefaluri aris I saukunis bolodan da II saukunis dasawyisidan, rad-

ganac Cveni eklesia andria pirvelwodebulma daaarsa, xolo simon kanane-

li Cvens qveyanaSi aris dakrZalulio.

Tavisi mtkicebis dasasabuTeblad giorgi mTawmidelma moiTxova wigni _

`mimosvla andrea mociqulisa~. wignis wakiTxvis Semdeg patriarqi da mas-

Tan myofi episkoposebi darwmundnen, rom qarTuli eklesia dauarsebia

andria pirvelwodebuls, rac imas niSnavda, rom qarTuli eklesia samoci-

quloa. amis Semdeg giorgi mTawmidelma patriarqs uTxra: `wmidao meufeo,

Sen ityY, viTarmed Tavisa mis mociqulTasa petres saydarsa vzio, xolo

Cuen pirvelwodebulisa da Zmisa Tvisisa mwodebelisa nawilni varT da

samwysoni da mis mier moqceulni da ganaTlebulni; da erTi wmida aTormetTa

mociqulaTagani _ simons vityvi kananelsa, queyanasa Cuensa damarxul ars

afxazeTs, romelsa nikofsi ewodebis. amaT wmidaTa mociqulTa ganaTle-

bulni varT. da vinaATgan erTi RmerTi gvicnobies, arRara uar-gYyofies da

arca odes wvalebisa mimarT midrekil ars naTesavi Cueni da yovelTa

uarismyofelTa da mwvalebelTa SevaCuenebT da davswyevT. amas safuZvelsa

zeda marTlmadideblobisasa da mcnebaTa da qadagebaTa zeda wmidaTa maT

mociqulTasa mtkice varT. wmidao meufeo, Suenis esreT, raATa wodebuli igi

mwodebelsa mas daemorCilos, rameTu petresi jer-ars, raATa daemorCilos

mwodebelsa TYssa da Zmasa andreas da raATa Tquen Cuen daguemorCilneT~.122

giorgi mTawmidelis pasuxi imave logikiT iyo agebuli, rogoriTac pat-

riarqis moTxovna. patriarqma ganacxada, saxarebis Tanaxmad, unda iyos


erTi mwyemsi da erTi samwyso, radganac antioqiis patriarqi zis mociqul-

Ta Tavis, wmida petres taxtze. amitomac misi mwyemsmTavrobis qveS unda

iyos sxva eklesiebic, kerZod ki, qarTuli eklesiao. mTawmidelma upasuxa,

radganac erTi mwyemsi da erTi samwyso unda arsebobdes, umjobesia, Tqven

daemorCiloT wmida mociqul andria pirvelwodebulis saydars, radganac

wmida andriam mouwoda wmida petres, rasac petre daemorCila da ufal

ieso qristes am mowodebiT daemowafa, amitomac axlac wmida petres taxti

wmida andrias taxts unda daemorCiloso, anu antioqiis sapatriarqo saqarTve-

los sapatriarqos unda daemorCiloso.

aseTi pasuxiT giorgi mTawmidelma agrZnobina antioqiis patriarqs, Tu

ra araseriozuli da araeklesiuri iyo antioqielTa moTxovna. antioqiis

sapatriarqoSi jer kidev XI saukuneSi yofila Teoria, romelsac amJamad

ewodeba `aRmosavluri papizmi~.

amis Semdeg giorgi mTawmidelma ganacxada: ̀ wmidao meufeo, romelni-ege

Cuen umecarad da subuqad guxedavT da Tavni Tquenni brZen da mZime

giyofian, iyo Jami, romel yovelsa saberZneTsa Sina marTlmadidebloba ara

ipoeboda da ioane guTel episkoposi mcxeTas ikurTxa ebiskoposad, vi-

Tarca sweria didsa svinaqsarsa~.123

VIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia, am pasuxis Tanaxmad, ara marto avtoke-

faluria, aramed sxva qveynis eklesiis meTaursac ki akurTxebs. aseTi

ufleba mxolod sapatriarqo eklesiebs hqondaT.

patriarqi savsebiT daukmayofilebia giorgi mTawmidelis pasuxs da mas-

Si keTilganwyoba aRuZravs. patriarqs xumrobiT daumTavrebia es Sexvedra

qarTvel wmida berTan: `...ganiRima patriarqman da hrqua mRdel-moZRuarTa

maT da ersa: `xedavTa bersa amas viTar marto esodensa simravlesa guer-

evis? ekrZaleniT... ara xolo Tu sityYT, aramed saqmiT guamxilos Zleule-

ba Cueni da dagYmrwemnes da dagumrmelnes~.124

aRsaniSnavia, rom am Sekrebis Semdeg araviTari werilobiTi dokumenti

ar SeudgeniaT qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobis Sesaxeb, kreba damTavr-

da xumrobiT, amitomac is mecnierebic cdebian, romelnic varaudoben, rom

qarTul eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa 1057 wels patriarq Teodosis

dros zemoT aRwerilma krebam. am Sekrebaze qarTuli eklesiis avtoke-

faliaze iyo saubari. es iyo ara diplomatiuri molaparakeba, aramed

patriarqis mier qarTuli eklesiis zogadi sakiTxebis garkveva. am dros

jer kidev ar iyo damTavrebuli 1054-57 wlebis sazavo molaparakeba

bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris. amitomac, rogorc petre III-is, ise Teodosis

mier qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb simarTlis rkveva sazavo molaparakebis

dros, bunebrivia.

1056 wels petre III-is dros antioqiis sapatriarqom aRiara qarTuli

eklesiis yvela ufleba, maT Soris sapatriarqo Rirsebis ufleba, ris

Semdegac Sewyda qarTuli eklesiis devna.


1054-57 wlebis samSvidobo molaparakeba bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris Zalze

sasargeblo iyo qarTuli eklesiisTvisac.

qarTuli eklesiis saqmeebis sruli mogvarebis Semdeg giorgi mTaw-

midelma Tavisi diplomatiuri misia amowura antioqiaSi. bagrat IV-sa da

dedofal mariams surdaT moesminaT antioqiaSi am wmida mamis Sromis

angariSi: `...raATa namuSakevi igi misi RmrTivmoniWebuli ixilon da aRivs-

nen sixaruliTa~, amitomac maT misweres antioqiis patriarqs Teodosis

ezruna giorgi mTawmidelis ukan dabrunebaze. `...dawerna wignni patreaqsa

Tana da duksa antioqiisasa wargzavnisa CuenisaTYs...~125 aqedan Cans, rom

giorgi mTawmideli saxelmwifos wargzavnilia, romelic molaparakebas

awarmoebs antioqiaSi, radganac mis uflebamosilebaze TviT imperatori da

mefe zrunavs, antioqiis dukasTan _ ̀ mTavarTan~ erTad (antioqiaSi Casvlis

dros qarTul delegacias imperatoris werili hqonda: `...aqunda brZanebaA

sameufoA Tavadsa Tana da patreaqsa antioqiisasa~).126

aRsaniSnavia, rom giorgi mTawmidelis biografi giorgi mcire mTlianad

ar aris informirebuli qarTuli delegaciis vizitis mizezebis Sesaxeb

antioqiis sapatriarqoSi. SeiZleba mas ar umxeldnen mefesa da impera-

tors Soris molaparakebis wvrilmanebs. magaliTad, giorgi mTawmideli

1055 wels gaTavisuflda iverTa monastris winamZRvrobisagan da 1056

wels is ukve antioqiaSi molaparakebazea patriarqTan. biografis azriT,

wmida giorgi winamZRvrobisagan gaTavisuflda, raTa Tavisuflad eTargmna

wmida werili _ `Targmanebad wmida werilTa~, magram antioqiaSi giorgi

mTawmideli ar Cerdeba da 1057-58 wlebSi saqarTveloSi Camodis, saidanac

is maleve brundeba iveronSi. Tu mTawmidelis mizani iyo wignebis Targmnis

gamo gaTavisufleba winamZRvrobisagan, is unda darCeniliyo antioqiis

qarTvelTa savaneSi da daewyo es saqmianoba, magram is iq ar rCeba da

saqarTveloSi miemgzavreba, sadac mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobisaTvis gac-

ilebiT mZime pirobebi iyo, vidre iveronsa da Sav mTaze. aqedan SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom giorgi mTawmideli winamZRvrobisagan gaTavisuflda ara

marto mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobisaTvis, aramed amis ZiriTadi mizezi iyo

moegvarebina qarTuli eklesiis saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba, rac man SesZlo

1054-57 wlebSi. aseve mariam dedofali ara marto salocavad gaemgzavra

ierusalimisaken, aramed sqem-monazons qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxebis sab-

oloo mogvareba surda,127 risTvisac Sexvda kidec antioqiis patriarq

petre III-s. konstantinopolSi ki patriarqs mravaljer Sexvdebodnen es

wmidanebi bagrat IV-sTan erTad, molaparakebisas konstantine monomaxTan da

dedofal TeodorasTan.

1054-57 wlebSi bizantiurma sapatriarqoebma aRiares qarTuli eklesiis

sruli marTlmadidebloba. zavis dadebis Semdeg Sewyda qarTuli eklesiis

ukanono devna, sapatriarqoebma cnes qarTuli eklesiis yvela ukve faqto-


brivad arsebuli ufleba da maT Soris ufleba _ qarTuli eklesia wode-

buliyo sapatriarqo eklesiad.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos struqtura daiurisdiqciis sazRvrebi

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda ramdenime sakaTalikoso. ̀ saqarTve-

los patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda marTlmadidebeli somxuri epar-

qiebi, ̀ somxeTis mitropolitis~ meTaurobiT, ̀ afxazeTis~ (dasavleT saqarTve-

los) anu ̀ biWvintis kaTalikosi~, romelic Tavis mxriv dasavleT saqarTve-

los calkeul saepiskoposoebs iqvemdebarebda~.128 saqarTvelos sapatri-

arqos Seqmnis Semdeg sakaTalikosoebi ar gauqmebulan, isini arsebobas

ganagrZobdnen iseve, rogorc somxur eklesiaSi ramdenime sakaTalikoso

arsebobs. sakaTalikosoebi erTiani saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arsebobis

dros iseTive funqcias asrulebdnen, rogorsac asrulebdnen samitropoli-

toebi berZnul sapatriarqoebSi.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi, wyaroTa Tanaxmad, Sedioda: 1. qarTlis sakaTal-

ikoso; 2. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso; 3. somxeTis samitropolito; 4. Crdilo

kavkasiis qristianebi.

Tavis mxriv, yovel sakaTalikosoSi Sedioda saepiskoposoebi. dasavleT

saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebi uSualod eqvemdebareboda afxazeTis kaTa-

likoss, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebi ki _ qarTlis kaTaliko-

ss. qarTlis kaTalikossa da afxazeTis kaTalikoss Soris umcros-ufroso-

biTi damokidebuleba arsebobda.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaurad _ patriarqad yovelTvis qarTlis

kaTalikoss svamdnen, anu qarTlis kaTalikosi imave dros saqarTvelos

patriarqi iyo. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaurs oficialurad ewodebo-

da _ ̀ yovlisa saqarTveloAsa patriarqi da qarTlisa kaTalikosi~.129 qarT-

lis kaTalikosi rom imave dros saqarTvelos patriarqi iyo, amis dasamt-

kiceblad SeiZleba moviyvanoT amonawerebi Zveli dokumentebidan, romelT-

ac xels aweren qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebi TavianTi sruli titula-

turiT. am amonawerebis moyvanamde unda iTqvas, rom sityva `patriarqi~ _

Sua saukuneTa saqarTveloSi iTargmneboda da ixmareboda misi qarTuli

Targmani `mamamTavari~. Zveli aRTqmis patriarqebsac ki saqarTveloSi

uwodebdnen ara patriarqebs, aramed `mamamTavrebs~. magaliTad, `...mamaT-

mTavari iakob egviptes aRsrulebuli~; `mamaT-mTavarica didi ioseb mona

iyo~.130 saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaursac zogjer tradiciis Sesabamis-

ad uwodebdnen `mamaT-mTavars~ _ qarTul Targmans berZnuli sityva _

`patriarqisa~.


1103 wlis dokumentSi patriarqs ase moixsenieben _ `iovane wmidisa

kaTalikosisa da yovlisa saqarTveloAsa yovlad Rirsisa mamaT-mTavrisa

mravalni arian welni~.131

VIII saukunis dokumentSia _ `...wmidisa mamaTmTavarsa Cuensa arsenis

qristes mier qarTlisa kaTalikozsa...~132

1610 wlis _ ̀ yovlisa saqarTveloAsa mamaTmTavarTmTavarman kaTalikozman

patronman zebedem~.133

`yovlisa aRmosavlisa da CrdiloAsa didman mamamTavarman, kaTalikozman

patronman zebedem~.134.

1616 wlis _ `yovlisa saqarTvelosa didman mamaTmTavarTmTavarman,

qarTlisa kaTalikozman patronman iovanem~.135

aq yuradReba unda mieqces, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs ewodeba

saqarTvelos mamamTavari, anu patriarqi da qarTlis kaTalikosi. saqarTve-

lo da qarTli XI saukunis Semdeg erTi da igive cnebebi ar aris, saqarTvelo

ewodeba qveyanas `nikofsiidan darubandamde~, xolo qarTli _ lixis mTis

aRmosavleTiT mdebare provinciebs ewodeboda, amitomac roca qarTuli

eklesiis meTaurs uwodeben saqarTvelos patriarqsa da qarTlis kaTali-

koss, Cven iseve unda gavigoT, rogorc weren _ is mTeli, sruliadi, ̀ yoveli~

saqarTvelos patriarqia da amave dros aris kaTalikosi qarTlisa.

1629 wlis dokumentSia _ `yovlisa saqarTvelosa makurTxevelman did-

man mamaT-mTavarman qarTlisa kaTalikozman zaqaria~.136 _ es aris sruliad

saqarTvelos patriarqi da amave dros qarTlis kaTalikosi.

1634 wlis _ `didman mamaTmTavarman qarTlisa kaTalikozman patronman

evdemoz~.137

`yovlisa saqarTveloAsa didman mamaTmTavarman qarTlisa kaTalikozman

evdemoz~.138

1638 wlis _ `saqarTveloAsa didman mamamTmTavarman, qarTlisa kaTal-

ikozman patronman evdemon~.139

1660 wlis _ ̀ yovlis saqarTveloAs didman mamaTmTavarman, kaTalikozman

domentim~.140

1670 wlis _ `yovlisa saqarTveloAsa makurTxevelman mamaTmTavarman,

qarTlisa kaTalikozman amilaxoris Zeman nikolaoz...~141

`yovlisa saqarTveloAsa didman mamaTmTavarman, qarTlisa kaTalikozman

batoniSvilman patronman domenti...~ (1672 weli),142

1678 w _ `yovlisa saqarTveloAsa didman mamaTmTavarman, qarTlisa kaTa-

likozman amilaxorisSvilman patronman nikoloz...~,143

1689 weli _ `yovlisa saqarTveloAsa didman mamaTmTavarman, qarTlisa

kaTalikozman diasamiZem patronman iovanem...~144

1694 weli _ ``yovlisa saqarTveloAsa didman mamaT-mTavarman qarTlisa

kaTalikozman, amilaxorisZeman patronman nikoloz...~145


zemoT moyvanili amonawerebidan aSkarad Cans, rom sruliad saqarTve-

los patriarqi imave dros aris qarTlis kaTalikosi, anu saqarTvelos

mamamTavari aerTianebs or taxts _ qarTlis kaTalikosisas da saqarTve-

los patriarqisas. is ori taxtis mpyrobelia. afxazeTis kaTalikossa da

qarTlis kaTalikoss Soris damokidebuleba Tu rogori saxis iyo, garkveulia

mecnierTa mier _ `mcxeTis patriarqi, afxazeTis kaTalikosisaTvis gaxda

`mama~, TviT afxazeTis kaTalikosi `umrwmesi~ (umcrosi) kaTalikosi~.146

rogorc vTqviT, saqarTvelos patriarqi imave dros qarTlis kaTaliko-

sia da is `uxucesi~, `mama~, anu ufrosia afxazeTis kaTalikosze. sapatri-

arqoSi, rogorc adre aRvniSneT, Sedioda agreTve somxeTis samitropoli-

to. somxeTis mitropoliti uSualod eqvemdebareboda qarTlis kaTaliko-

ss. xolo sapatriarqoSi aseve Semavali Crdilo kavkasiis qristianebi da

Crdilo kavkasiaSive mdebare xunZeTis kaTalikosi uSualod saqarTvelos

patriarqs eqvemdebareboda.147 aRniSnulTa gamo saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

struqturas grafikulad aseTi saxe eqneba:

saqarTvelos sapatriarqo

saqarTvelos patriarqi, anu mamaTmTavari

afxazeTissakaTalikoso

qarTlissakaTalikoso

Crdilo kavkasiisqristianebi

xunZeTis sakaTalikoso

somxeTissamitropolito

saqarTvelos patriarqs uSualod eqvemdebarebodnen agreTve istoriuli

albaneTis CrdiloeTis mxareebis qristianebi, romlebic wina saukuneebSi

albanTa kaTalikosis samwysos warmoadgenda. amis Sesaxeb visaubrebT saqarTve-

los sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis aRmosavleTis sazRvrebis gansazRvris

dros, xolo rac Seexeba xunZeTis sakaTalikosos, unda aRiniSnos, rom

`xunZeli kaTalikosi oqropiri~ moxsenebulia sinas mTis XV saukuniT

daTariRebul xelnawerSi, magram Crdilo kavkasieli qristianebi gacilebiT

adre eqvemdebarebodnen saqarTvelos patriarqs, amaze miuTiTebs tyoba-

ierdis XI saukunis warwera.


afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos, rom is arc XV sauku-

nis saqarTvelos erTiani samefos daSlis Semdeg daarsebula, rogorc

hgonia sardel (berZen) mitropolit maqsimes Tavis gamokvlevaSi qarTuli

eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb148 da arc XIII saukuneSi, rogorc adre

fiqrobdnen. axali monacemebiT dadgenilia: `afxazeTis sakaTalikoso _

dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosoa. mis daarsebas zogi mkvlevari VIII

saukunes, zogi ki X saukunis meore naxevars miakuTvnebs. afxazeTis sakaTa-

likosom Secvala konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebuli lazikis

samitropolito da abazgiis saarqiepiskoposo eparqiebi. afxazeTis kaTa-

likosis sakaTedro taZari, romelic andria mociqulis saydrad iwodeboda,

biWvinTaSi iyo. afxazeTis kaTalikoss `biWvinTis kaTalikossac~ uwodebd-

nen. ierarqiulad igi saqarTvelos kaTalikoss eqvemdebareboda~.149

afxazeTis sakaTalikoso saqarTvelos sapatriarqos (XI saukuneSi) daarse-

bamde arsebobda da Sevida sapatriarqoSi. amis gamo XI saukuneSi, sapatri-

arqos daarsebis Semdegac, saqarTveloSi ramdenime kaTalikosi iyo erT-

droulad, afxazeTis kaTalikosi da qarTlis kaTalikosi, amitomac es sity-

va ixmareboda TiTqmis yovelTvis mravlobiT ricxvSi. werdnen xolme _

`kaTalikosTa~, ̀ kaTalikosni~ da ara ̀ kaTalikosi~. SeiZleba aseTi magali-

Tis moyvana. XI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi _ `...iwyo RvTismsaxurman mefeman

bagrat da Zeman misman, dedofalTa da kaTalikosTa wvevad~...150 giorgi

mTawmidelisa saqarTveloSio, wers biografi. forma `dedofalTa~ gasage-

bia, giorgi mTawmidels iwvevdnen mefis deda _ mariami, mefis meuRle da

rZali _ Zis coli, aseve `kaTalikozTaSi~ igulisxmeba, rom giorgi mTaw-

midels iwvevdnen afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosebi (ucxoeTidan

saqarTveloSi). saqarTveloSi mosvlis Semdeg ki, roca giorgi mTawmideli

gadavida aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, anu sakuTriv qarTlSi, masTan kavSiri

aqvs erT kaTalikoss, dasavleT saqarTvelodan ̀ qarTlSi~ gadasul giorgi

mTawmidelis winaSe `...iwyes aRsarebad da sinanulad TviT mefeman, kaTali-

kozman... mRvdelTa, diakonTa, monazonTa...~.151

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTuli eklesia im dros Sedgeboda ori mTavari

sakaTalikososagan, es eklesia erTi qveynis eklesiaa. giorgi mcire dabejiTe-

biT amtkicebs imas, rac Tavis droze giorgi mTawmidelma antioqiis patriarqs

moaxsena _ mTliani saqarTvelo mociqulebma andriam da simon kananelma

moaqcies da daafuZnes aq erTi eklesia. amitomac saqarTvelo, anu rogorc

maSin uwodebdnen `aRmosavleTi~ _ nawilia am mociqulebisa. andriam mTeli

saqarTvelo `movlo~. xolo svimon kananelma sruliad daimkvidra es qveyana.

giorgi mTawmidelmao, wers biografi _ `...yoveli aRmosavleTi gananaTla da

nawili igi andria mociqulisa da simon kananelisa kualad ganamtkica, rameTu

andria mociqulman movlo qveyana Cveni, xolo svimon kananelman sruliad

daimkvidra, rameTu nikofss arian nawilni misni wmidani~.152


swored am ideologiur safuZvelzea damyarebuli saqarTvelos sapatri-

arqos Seqmna _ saqarTvelo erTi qveyanaa, erTi saxelmwifoa. saqarTvelos

sxvadasxva kuTxeebs sxvadasxva ganmanaTleblebi ki ar hyavdaT, aramed

erTiani, mTliani saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblebi arian aq Camosuli mo-

ciqulebi _ andria pirvelwodebuli da svimon kananeli, amitomac eklesia

erTi unda hqondes da ara ramdenime. erTian saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi

Seiqmna erTi didi eklesia-sapatriarqo, xolo am sapatriarqoSi XI sauku-

neSive Sedioda ori sakaTalikoso _ ori administraciuli erTeuli, anu

saeklesio samTavro _ saeklesio provincia. es Seesabameboda saxelmwifos

politikur dayofas erTiani saxelmwifos Seqmnis Semdeg oficialurad

calkeuli `samefoebi~ ar gauqmebulan, isini kvlavindeburad arsebobdnen,

amitomac, erTiani saxelmwifos mefes ewodeboda _ mefe afxazTa, qarTvelTa,

ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa, SahanSa da SarvanSa. `sanam kaxeT-hereTi gaer-

Tianebuli saqarTvelos farglebs gareT imyofeba, saqarTvelos mefeebi

iwodebian `afxazTa da qarTvelTa~ mefeebad, sadac `afxazTa~ dasavleT

saqarTvelos gulisxmobs, xolo ̀ qarTvelTa~ istoriul aRmosavleT saqarTve-

los (qarTl-mesxeTs kaxeT-hereTis gareSe)... afxazTa da qarTvelTa mefes

emateba ranTa (e.i. hereTis) da kaxTa mefis tituli, rac am provinciebis

SemoerTebas asaxavs. daviT (aRmaSeneblis) mefis titulebSi Cndeba `somex-

Ta~ mefis wodeba... (rac lores samefos SemoerTebas ukavSirdeba da ara

anisis SemoerTebas, romlis mefeni SahanSas tituls atarebdnen... qarTvel

mefeTa titulebSi rogorc `SahanSa~, aseve `SarvanSa~ daviTis dros unda

iyos Sesuli, radgan anisis samefoc da Sarvanic daviT aRmaSeneblis dros

SemouerTda saqarTvelos.153

sapatriarqo ori saeklesio samTavrosagan, ̀ saeklesio mitropoliisagan~

_ qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebisagan Sedgeboda. TandaTan saqarTve-

los saxelmwifos gafarToebasTan erTad sapatriarqoSi Sevida sxva `saek-

lesio samTavroebic~.

marTalia, sapatriarqoSi sakaTalikosoebi arsebobdnen, magram XI-XIII

saukuneebSi sakaTalikosoebis TviTmmarTveloba da uflebebi SezRuduli

iyo, amitomac afxazeTis kaTalikoss am drois wyaroebi TiTqmis aRarc

axsenebdnen Tavisi tituliT. XIII saukuneSi monRolTa mier erTiani saxel-

mwifos orad gayofam afxazeTis sakaTalikosos imereTis samefoSi avtori-

teti moupova. iv. javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, XIII saukunis Semdgom axlo xaneb-

Si `...afxazeTis kaTalikosoba winandeburad aRsdga~.154

imis gamo, rom qarTlis kaTalikosi avtomaturad iTvleboda saqarTve-

los patriarqadac, qarTlis kaTalikosis saxeli ufro xSirad moixsenieba

afxazeTis kaTalikosTan SedarebiT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom XV saukuneSi erTiani saqarTvelos samefos daSlis

Semdeg yvela provinciis mefe Tavis Tavs miiCnevda erTiani, sruliad

saqarTvelos erTaderT kanonier mefed. erTiani saxelmwifos daSlas Tan


mohyva erTiani saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daSla, magram miuxedavad amisa,

rogorc qarTlis, ise afxazeTis kaTalikosebi ar cnobdnen erTiani eklesi-

is daSlas da TavianT Tavs uwodebdnen `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTaliko-

ss~, an mamamTavars. magaliTad, afxazeTis kaTalikosi grigoli XVIII sauku-

nis dasawyisSic ki Tavis Tavs uwodebda ara afxazeTis, anu dasavleT

saqarTvelos kaTalikoss, aramed sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoss. amiTaa

gamowveuli, rom Sewirulobis wigns biWvinTisadmi afxazeTis kaTalikosi

1712 wels artyams beWeds warwera-zedweriliT: ̀ grigol mwyemsi qristesmier

yovlisa saqarTvelos kaTalikozi~.155

ufro xSirad ki dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosebi TavianT Tavs

`qvemo iveriis~, anu afxazeTis kaTalikoss uwodebdnen,156 xolo aRmosavleT

saqarTvelosi _ `zemo iveriis~ anu `zemo saqarTvelos~ kaTalikosebs.157

`qarTlis cxovreba~ qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebs ̀ samTavroebs~

uwodebs. sityva ̀ samTavro~ uamravjer gvxvdeba ̀ did sjuliskanonSi~. saekl-

esio olqis, saeklesio provinciis, eparqiis, mitropoliis mniSvnelobiT,

romelsac aqvs Tavisi saepiskoposoebi. saeklesio ̀ samTavros~ didi sjulis-

kanonis Tanaxmad, hyavs Tavisi pirvelierarqi, romelsac am samTavros episko-

posebi emorCilebian. `qarTlis cxovrebaSia~ _ `Semokrbes orisave samTav-

rosa episkoposni...~158 aq sityva samTavros qveS swored saeklesio da ara

saero-saxelmwifo-administraciuli samTavro igulisxmeba. es iqidan Cans,

rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi Sedioda ara `ori samTavro~, aramed `Svi-

di samefo~ _ provincia: ̀ afxazeTis, qarTlis, ranis, kaxeTis, somxeTis, anisis

da Sirvanis samefoebi~ da ori saeklesio `samTavro~ _ afxazeTisa da

qarTlis sakaTalikosoebi. Crdilo kavkasiis qristianebs saqarTvelos sapa-

triarqos cxovrebaSi umniSvnelo roli eniWeboda, xolo somxeTis samit-

ropolito qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi Sedioda.

a. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciisCrdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari

XI saukuneSive saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda ̀ nikofsia~, dRevande-

li tuafse, sadac qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli simon kananeli iyo dakrZalu-

li da romelic giorgi mTawmidelis Tanaxmad, ̀ queyanasa Cuensa _ afxazeTs~

mdebareobda. es iyo provincia jiqeTis centrSi, es provincia ki qerCamde

aRwevda. rogorc wyaroebi uCveneben, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Crdilo-

dasavleTis sazRvari aRwevda xersonesamde. ase magaliTad, 1525-1550 wlebis

biWvinTis iadgarSi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Crdilo-dasavleTis sazRvrad

dasaxelebulia punqti `kafa~, CrdiloeTis sazRvrad ki _ `ruseTis samzR-

vari~. punqti ̀ kafa~ mdebareobda xersonesTan _ ̀ kaTalikozis sakurTxi aris,

samwyso _ lixsa da kafas Sua da ruseTis samzRuarsa da WaneTs Sua~.159


saerTod xersonesi da kafas naxevarkunZuli pirvel saukuneebSive dakav-

Sirebuli iyo saqarTvelosTan, magaliTad _ `kardinal baroniusis azriT,

ax.w.aR-is 100 wels imperator traianes mier xersonesSi gandevnili papi

wm. klimentis mecadineobis Sedegad kolxeTsa da iberiaSi qristianoba

gavrcelda. arqanjelo lamberti kardinal baroniusis am mosazrebis Sesaxeb

iqve miuTiTebs, rom ̀ ... kolxeTi xuTasi miliTaa daSorebuli xersonesidan~,

...arqanjelo lamberti im azrs icavs, rom kolxeTsa da iberiaSi qris-

tianoba wm. andream da wm. barTlomeom gaavrceles~.160

`qalaqi kaffa mdebareobs 17 verstis daSorebiT karagozidan... emxroba

kafis yuris dasavleT nawils... am qalaqma yirimis aRebis Semdeg miiRo

Tavisi Zveli saxeli _ `Teodosia~, amJamad ki isev ewodeba Tavisi winande-

li saxeli kaffa~, magram adre TaTrebi eZaxdnen aseve _ quCuk _ stambuls.

qalaqs uWiravs Zalze moxerxebuli da xelsayreli mdgomareoba vaWroba-

Si. is iyo Zalze mniSvnelovani yvela punqts Soris, romlebic genuelebma

daiWires yirimSi~.161

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Crdilo-dasavleTis sazRvari aris punqti kaffa,

yirimSi, xersonesTan. afxazeTis sakaTalikosos saqarTvelos sapatriarqo-

Si Sesvlis gamo saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sazRvari kaffamde aRwevda.

xersonesis gaTxrebis dros aRmoCnda qarTuli taZari, rogorc es gamoikv-

lia kaTalikos-patriarqma kirionma. manve gamoTqva azri, rom VIII saukune-

Si goTeTis upirvelesi episkoposis iberiaSi xeldasxmis Semdeg goTeTis

eklesia qarTul eklesias daeqvemdebara.162 kaffa goTeTTan mdebareobda.

b. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciisCrdiloeTis sazRvari

V saukuneSive vaxtang gorgasalis mier daarsebuli niqozis saepiskopo-

sos samwysoSi Sediodnen Crdilo kavkasielebi, dval-osebi, aseve dasavleT

saqarTveloSi glola-Rebis sanaxebi _ ̀ ars niqozs eklesia... gorgasal hyo

saepiskopozod da dasua episkopozi, zis dResac, mwyemsi kavkasianTa, dual-

Ta da aw oseTad wodebulisa, glola RebiTurT~.163 `qarTlis cxovrebis~

Tanaxmad, VIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis sazRvari aRwevda `...Cerqezis

sazRvramdis sruliad ovseTisa...~164 `...pontos zRvidam darubandis zRvam-

de~.165 XVI saukuneSi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos CrdiloeTis sazRvari emTx-

veoda ruseTis saxelmwifos samxreTis sazRvars, romelic jer kidev ar

iyo moaxloebuli kavkasias _ ̀ ruseTis samzRvarsa da WaneTs Sua~-o, _ wers

`biWvinTis iadgari~. XVIII saukuneSic ki afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Tavis

samwysod miaCnda `pontos~, anu Savi zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare miwebi _

`ponto CrdiloiT~.166

XI saukuneSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Seqmnis dros qarTul eklesia-

Si rom Sedioda CeCneTi, inguSeTi, oseTi, avareTi _ mTiani daRestani, amis


Sesaxeb miuTiTebs axali gamokvlevebi.167 Crd. kavkasiaSi qristianuli re-

ligiisa da kulturis sivrcesa da siRrmeSi gavrceleba-SeRweva X sauku-

neSi iwyeba. feodaluri saqarTvelos srul gaerTianebamde Crdilo-dasav-

leT imierkavkasiaSi qristianobis gamavrcelebeli bizantiasTan erTad

dasavleT qarTuli samefo _ afxazeTia, centralur imierkavkasiaSi (dva-

leTi, CeCneT-inguSeTi) _ qarTl-kaxeTis samTavro, xolo gaerTianebis Sem-

deg _ saqarTvelos centraluri xelisufleba. calke aRiniSneba qarTuli

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis roli. rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos sakaTali-

koso-sapatriarqos status kvos da Crdilo kavkasiis qveynebSi saqarTve-

los kaTalikos-patriarqis iurisdiqcias gamoxatavs XI saukunis damdegs

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis, melqisedek I-is moxsenieba `aRmosavle-

Tis patriarqad~ imierkavkasiis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi qristianuli Zeglis

tyoba-ierdas (inguSeTis) taZarze... avareTSi qristianuli kulturisa da

saqarTvelo-daRestnis kulturul-istoriul urTierTobaTa gasaSuqeblad gan-

sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania umTavresad xunZaxsa da mis SemogarenSi Zv-

elqarTuli damwerlobis ZeglTa arseboba... es unikaluri Zeglebi naTlad

da utyuarad migviTiTeben Sua saukuneTa avareTSi qarTuli damwerlobisa

da enis gavrcelebaze, iqaur eklesia-taZrebSi qarTuli RvTismsaxurebisa da

qarTul grafikul sistemaze agebul adgilobriv damwerlobaze... X-XIV

saukuneTa avareTSi qristianobis intensifikacia kargad Cans werilobiTi

monacemebiTac _ ...1310 wlis maRalaSviliseuli saxarebis minawerSi (giorgi

brwyinvales dros) dadasturebulia daRestanSi ramdenime eparqiis arsebo-

ba (xunZaxis, anwuxisa da waxurisa) da bolos aRvniSnavT, mecnieruli Tval-

sazrisiT uZvirfases cnobas sinas erT-erTi qarTuli monastris XV sauku-

nis saaRape wignidan _ `xunZeli kaTalikosi oqropiris~ Sesaxeb, romelsac

korneli kekeliZe mitropolitTan aigivebda da riTac daRestanSi qarTuli

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis samitropolitos arsebobaa dadasturebuli~.168

Crdilo kavkasiaSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos erT-erTi samitropoli-

tos arseboba xunZeTis sakaTalikosos saxelwodebiT, werilobiTaa dadas-

turebuli.

g. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos aRmosavleTis sazRvari

jer kidev V saukuneSi mose xoreneli werda, qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebel-

ma wmida ninom iqadaga `klarjeTidan _ masquTTa qveynamdeo~.

masquTTa qveyana mdebareobda kaspiis zRvis piras, axlandeli derbendis

siaxloves, TviT mose xoreneli Tvlida, rom mis dros V saukuneSi qarTu-

li eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda vrceli miwebi klarjeTidan kaspiis

zRvamde, rasac eTanxmeba qarTlis cxovreba _ qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiq-

ciaSi aRmosavleTiT Sedioda _ kaxeTi, Saqi, Sirvani da midgmiT _ warmov-

liT mTisa adgilni,169 `pontos zRvidan darubandis zRvamde~.


1310 wlis werilobiT cnobaSia _ `odes sanatrelman man patriarqman

Cuenman eqvTime moixila kaxeTs anwuxisa saepiskoposo da mieriTgan gardam-

ovida waxurs, kak-elisens da movlo saydarni: kasri samebisa, yumi RvTismSob-

lisa, leqarTs wm. mociqulTasworisa ninosi, zars wm. mTavarmowamisa gior-

gisa, vardians wm. habosi, ganuxs arCilisi, qiS-nuxs RvTismSoblisa, bardaSens

eliasi... kvalad saydarni xunZTa, naxCTa, ToSeTisa, nekresisa, laguTisa, belqanisa,

maj-fifineTisa, ferijan-muxax-mamreTisa da yovlisa vakisa, e.i. ars Zvelisa

movakanisa da elisenisa, verxvianT zeganiT gamo ivris mdinaris CasarTavam-

de, alazansa da sanatrelman eqvTime mibrZana qurmuxisa mTavar episkopossa

da yovlisa mTeulisa winamZRvarsa kirile donaursa...~170

am amonaweridan Cans, rom uSualod saqarTvelos patriarqs eqvemdebare-

ba albaneTis sakaTalikosos is samwyso, romelic ar SeuerTda somxur

eklesias.

aRsaniSnavia, rom hereTis qristianebi qarTulenovanni iyvnen. maTi dedae-

na iyo qarTuli ena. isini V saukuneSi mcxeTis eklesias eqvemdebarebodnen.

rogorc `SuSanikis wamebidan~ Cans, Semdgom, raRac mizezis gamo, hereTis

qristianebi ierarqiulad daeqvemdebarnen albaneTis sakaTalikosos. VI

saukunidan rogorc albaneTis, ise qarTlis sakaTalikosoebi somxuri ek-

lesiis mZlavr zegavlenas ganicdidnen sparsTa saxelmwifos nebiT. uTuod

amis gamo, albaneTis sakaTalikosoSi, miuxedavad mcdelobisa, saeklesio

enad dainerga ara mSobliuri qarTuli da albanuri enebi, aramed eklesie-

bSi wirva-locvisaTvis gamoiyeneboda somxuri ena. amis mizezi sparsTa zemo-

qmedebis garda, albaneTis xalxTa mravalerovneba iyo. albaneTSi gavrcele-

buli iyo rogorc sparsuli, aseve Turquli da kavkasiuri enebi, am qveynis

Crdilo-dasavleTiT ki hereTis mosaxleobis dedaena iyo qarTuli ena.

VII saukunis bolos, movses kalankatuacis Tanaxmad, albaneTis eklesiam

sabolood dakarga avtokefalia da is SeuerTda somxur eklesias.171 amis

gamo albaneTis nawil hereTSic somxuri eklesiis mecadineobiT gavrcelda

monofizitoba. es mwvalebloba hereTSi aRmoufxvria dinara dedofals X

saukuneSi. amis Semdeg hereTi da aRmosavleTis mxareebi kvlav Tavis deda

qarTul eklesias daubrunda. XI saukuneSi sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg,

hereTsa da mis aRmosavleTiT mdebare qveynebze iurisdiqcias saqarTvelos

patriarqi axorcielebda, rogorc zemoT moyvanili amonawerebidanac Cans.

d. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciissazRvari samxreTiT

imperator konstantine porfirogenetis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos samxre-

Tis sazRvari mdinare arezamde Cadioda, mdinare araqsis `...marcxena mxar-

eo, _ wers is, _ iberiisaken mimarTuli epyraT iberebs, xolo marjvena, rac

Teodosiopolisaken aris, rogorc cixeebi, ise soflebi iyves Cveni meufebis


qveS ise, rom maSasadame orive sazRvrad mdinare iqneba~-o.172 `mesxeTis

Zireul nawils Seadgenda mcire moculobis seqtorebi mezobeli araqsisa

da dasavleT evfratis xeobebisa~.173

araqsisa da evfratis saTaveebSi qarTvelebi X saukuneSi konstantine

porfirogenetis dros ki ar dasaxlebulan, aramed saerTod es mxareebi

uZveles dros iyo qarTveli xalxis Tavdapirveli samSoblo, amitomac jer

kidev qristeSobamde aTasi wliT adre aq, am mxareebSi warmoiqmna qarTve-

li xalxis pirveli saxelmwifoebi _ diaoxi da kolxa. diaoxisa da kolx-

asagan momdinareoben am mxareebSi gavrcelebuli toponimebi _ `tao~ da

`kola~. moses xorenacis Tanaxmad, am mxareebSi armenielebis Semosvlis

dros qristemde VI-V saukuneebSi, armenielebs aq adgilobrivi mosaxleoba

daxvedria, romelTa asimilaciac maSinve dawyebula. xorenelis Tanaxmad,

armenielTa erT mefes aukrZalavs adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis mSobli-

ur enaze laparaki da neba daurTavs armenielTa enaze laparakisa. _

`amasTanave aramma ubrZana iqaur mkvidrT, SeeTvisebinaT somxuri ena da

laparaki~.174 xoreneli mravalgzis aRniSnavs _ `sakvirvelia mematianis

naTqvami, rom Cvens qveyanaSi mraval adgilas gafantulad mkvidrobda

mcirericxovani xalxi, Cveni Zireuli winapris, haikis mosvlamde~,175 anda

`matianeSi aqac aRniSnulia, rom velis samxreT nawilSi, erT wagrZelebul

mTasTan adridanve cxovrobdnen mcireodeni kacni, romlebic nebiT damor-

Cildnen gmirs~,176 anda `...ar SemiZlia vTqva dabejiTebiT, STamomavalia igi

haikisa Tu haikis (mosvlamde) am qveyanaSi mcxovrebi xalxisa, romelTa

arsebobaze miuTiTeben Zveli Tqmulebebi~.177 xorenelis mTargmneli da

komentatori al. abdalaZe amis Sesaxeb wers _ `xorenacis am da msgavs

cnobebSi asaxulia istoriuli sinamdvile imis Sesaxeb, rom e.w. `didi

somxeTis~ miwa-wyalze somexTa mosvlamde mkvidrobdnen sxva xalxebi, maT

Soris qarTuli modgmis tomebic~.178

qarTvelTa asimilacia armenielTa mier `didi somxeTis~ miwa-wyalze

warmatebuli iyo somxeTis aRmosavleT nawilSi, magram dasavleT somxeTSi

arezisa da evfratis siaxloves mcxovrebma qarTvelebma didxans SeinarCu-

nes ena imis gamo, rom maT mezoblad mdebare kapadokia da ponto qarTule-

novani iyo (igulisxmeba, rom am elinizebuli qarTvelebis saojaxo, saSinao

ena iyo qarTuli ena). agreTve, qristemde IV-III saukuneebSi Seqmnili iberi-

is saxelmwifo am mimarTulebiT sazRvrebs ifarToebda xolme, gansakuTre-

biT I-II saukuneebSi. Semdgom saukuneebSi somxeTis gaZlierebam daaCqara

somxeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis nawilobrivi asimilacia. n. maris azriT,

mesxeTis aborigenuli mosaxleoba yofila lazuri an megruli _ ̀ am raio-

nis aborigenebi... romelime lazuri an megruli tomia~.179

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos warmoqmnis dros e.w. ̀ didi somxeTis~ terito-

riaze cxovrobda uamravi qarTveli, adgilobrivi mcxovrebi, maTTvis daarse-

buli iqna saepiskoposoebi, romelTa sazRvrebi aRwevda raxsisa da evfrat-


is xeobebamde. `XIII saukuneSi monRolTa batonobis drosac ki mesxeTis

mTavris kuTvnili qveyana iwyeboda taSiskaridan da grZeldeboda, ̀ aRmarT,

vidre karnu qalaqamde~. XIV saukuneSic taSiskaridan vidre basianamde

`mesxTa qveSe dawesebuli qveyana iyo~... XVII saukunis antioqieli patriar-

qi makari adasturebs, rom adre saqarTvelos samxreTi sazRvari iyo mdinare

evfrati da evfratis aqeTa teritoriebi sul saqarTvelod iTvleboda.

saqarTvelos sazRvari rom evfratamde Cadioda, amas amowmebs Celebic.

mdinare arezis aqeTa mxaresa da arzrumis midamoebs didxans SemorCa

qarTuli mosaxleoba. XVII saukuneSi arzrumis midamoebSi gamovlilma

arqanjelo lambertim ramdenime qarTuli sofeli naxa, romelTac arzrumelad

wodebuli qarTveli mwyemsmTavari ejdaT arzrumSi~.180

amis gamo iyo, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda _ anisis, yarsis,

valaSkertisa da sxva saepiskoposoebi.

cnobilia, rom osmaleTis mTavrobam Tavis qveyanaSi mcxovrebi qristiane-

bi dauqvemdebara konstantinopolis berZen patriarqs, anda konstantinopo-

lis grigorian patriarqs. amis gamo osmaleTSi mcxovrebi marTlmadide-

blebi ganixilebodnen rogorc ̀ berZnebi~, is qristianebi, romelnic grigo-

rian patriarqs daumorCiles, iTvlebodnen _ `somxebad~. am qveyanaSi cx-

ovrobdnen agreTve `frangebi~, anu kaTolike qristianebi.

amis Sesaxeb rumineli profesori wers _ `rogorc viciT, raRac drois

Semdeg da TiTqmis Cvens saukunemde marTlmadidebeli qristianis wodeba

xSirad gaigivebuli iyo berZnul erovnebasTan, ase rom, is, vinc Tavis Tavs

Tvlida marTlmadideblad, amave dros Tavis Tavs berZens uwodebda... kon-

stantinopolis patriarqi iyo amave dros eTnarqic, e.i. erovnul-poli-

tikuri meTauri `yvela berZenisa~ TurqeTis imperiaSi~.181

aRniSnulis gamo, samxreT saqarTvelos mrevlis ZiriTadi nawili, romel-

ic TurqeTis imperiaSi moeqca, an ̀ gaTaTrda~, an ̀ gaberZnda~ an ̀ gasomxda~,

an ̀ gafrangda~.182

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arsebobis dros ki misi samxreTis sazRvari

gadioda mdinare araqssa da evfratze.

qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli TvalsazrisisaqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarsebis

kanonikuri uflebis Sesaxeb

saukuneTa manZilze qarTul eklesiaSi gabatonebuli iyo Teoria, romlis

Tanaxmadac, qarTulma eklesiam sapatriarqo eklesiad wodebis Rirseba

miiRo VII saukuneSi, 681 wels Catarebul msoflio saeklesio krebaze.

`qarTlis cxovreba~ wers _ `...iqmna kreba meeqvse, 170 (r~o) wmidaTamamaTa konstantinopolis Sina, meaTasammetesa welsa poRonati konstanti-


nes mefobisasa, romeli iyo mama iustinianesi, romlisa winamZRuar iyvnes

Teodore da giorgi xucesni da ioane diakoni, adgilis-mcvelni aRaTon

romTa papisani da giorgi konstantinopoleli, Teofane antioqeli. amis

krebisa mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTYs, romel

ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samociqulo

kaTolike eklesiani sapatriarqoni. da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori

patriarqTa Tana, da akurTxevdes, mwysides da ganagebdes simarTliT mTa-

varepiskoposTa, .mitropolitTa da episkoposTa, da samwysosa TYssa... ̀ misTYs

migYTvlia saqarTvelos eklesiani, mas hmonebden da mis Kel queSe iyvnen,

da sjulsa missa erCden, da misgan imwyseboden. mogYcemia Kelmwifeba

Sekvrisa da ganKsnisa: ...xolo pirveliTgan antioqiis krebisa mier ganpa-

tiosnebul iyo, da am krebisa mier dagYmtkicebia patriaqad... xolo ukeTu

vinme ikadros kaTalikosisa winaaRdgoma, mTavarepiskoposman gina mitro-

politman, anu episkoposman, anu daipyras xarisxi da eklesia ZaliTa, kaTa-

likosisa ukiTxavad da Seundobelad, anu ikurTxos mefe gina mTavari, anu

mTavarepiskoposni da mitropolit-episkoposni, _ ganikueTen. xolo odesca

enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa, akurTxos TYssa eklesiasa~.183

es cnoba, erTi `martviluri xelnaweris~ Tanaxmad, moTavsebuli yofila

konstantinopolur ̀ taqtikonSi~. ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoT moyvanil cnobaSi

naTqvamia, rom VI msoflio krebam mxedvelobaSi miiRo is garemoeba, rom

qarTuli eklesia `...pirveliTgan antioqiis krebisa mier ganpatiosnebuli

iyo...~ amis Sesaxeb daculia ufro srulfasovani da amomwuravi cnoba

`qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ _ antioqiis saeklesio krebamo, wers is, aRiara

qarTuli eklesiis sruli avtokefalia, amitomaco, weria iq _ `amieriTgan

ganTavisuflda, rameTu kaTalikozi qarlisa KelqveiT ara ars patriaqTa

da ara ikurTxvian patriaqTagan, aramed TYsisa samwysosa mitrapolitTa da

mTavarefiskopozTa da efiskopozTagan ikurTxvian, rameTu Tavisufali ars

da mociqulTa magieri da mociqulTa taxtsa zeda mjdomi da patriaqi,

Tavi yovelTa eklesiaTa, wmida kaTolike samociqulo eklesia sveti cxove-

li, da aqvs uaRresoba da Kelmwifeba kaTalikozsa yovelTa zeda, da mis

mierve miecemis yovelTa madli da kurTxeva Sekvrisa da ganKsnisa da

ikurTxeoden mefeni da mTavarni, mTavarefiskopozni da mitrapolitni, episko-

pozni da amas samwyso... pontos zRYdan darubandis zRvamde~.184

es ufleba sapatriarqo eklesiad wodebisa qarTul eklesias miuRia VII

saukunis 30-40-ian wlebSi antioqiis sapatriarqo krebis mier, xolo 681 wels

VI msoflio krebas daudasturebia qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirseba.

qarTul enaze Semonaxuli cnoba qarTuli eklesiisaTvis sapatriarqo

Rirsebis miniWebas miawers VI msoflio krebas. cnobaSi naTqvamia, rom es

moxda imperator konstantine pogonatis (668-685 ww.) dros.


VI krebas kanonebi ar SeumuSavebia, amitom krebis dadgenileba mxolod

dainteresebulma mxarem _ qarTulma eklesiam Semoinaxa. am cnobaSi naTqvamia,

rom kreba Catarda konstantines mefobis me-13 wels, rac savsebiT sworia.

konstantine 668 wels avida taxtze da misi mefobis me-13 weli aris 681 w.

680-681 wlebSi Catarebul msoflio saeklesio krebaze qarTvelTa daswreba,

vaxtang goilaZis azriT, romelmac Tavis naSromSi es sakiTxi gamoikvlia,

ivaraudeba 681 wlidan.

`qarTuli wyaroebis (zemoT moyvanil) cnobaSi yvela monacemi sworia,

kerZod is, rom konstantine pogonati iyo iustinianes (685-695) mama. iustinia-

neze miTiTeba imis maniSnebelia, rom es cnoba daiwera iustiniane II-is

dros da im drois mkiTxvelisaTvis cnobili iyo swored iustiniane, roml-

is mamis drosac es kreba Catarda.

am cnobaSi Zalze zustadaa dasaxelebuli krebaze damswre pirebic. VI

krebis I sxdoma 680 wlis 7 noembers Sedga. krebaze damswre 153 episkopos-

sa da presviters Soris iyvnen konstantinopolis patriarqi giorgi, antioqi-

is patriarqi makariosi, aleqsandriis patriarqis warmomadgeneli presvit-

eri petre, ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli presviteri Teodore da

agaTon romis papis warmomadgenlebi: Teodore, giorgi da ioane diakoni.

qarTuli cnoba msoflio krebaze damswre antioqiis patriarqad asax-

elebs ara makarioss, aramed antioqiis patriarq Teodores, marTlac, am

krebam makariosi gadaayena da Teodore airCia, amitomac qarTuli wyaro ar

asaxelebs makarioss. v. goilaZis azriT _ `swored es gansxvaveba sZens

qarTul cnobas sandoobas da gvarwmunebs, rom igi krebaze miRebuli dad-

genilebis zusti asaxvaa~.185

wmida krebam 18 sxdoma gamarTa da TiTqmis erT wels gaagrZela muSaoba.

ZiriTadad, monoTelitebis sakiTxi ixileboda. makarios antioqieli krebis

monoTelitTa jgufs meTaurobda. krebis dasawyisSi mas giorgi konstantino-

polelic TanaugrZnobda, riTac agaTon romis papis marTlmadideblobas ewi-

naaRmdegeboda, Semdeg giorgi konstantinopoleli marTlmadidebelTa mxareze

gadavida, ramac gamoiwvia makarios antioqielis damarcxeba. krebam makariosi

mwvaleblad gamoacxada, patriarqobidan gadaayena da anaTemas gadasca. makar-

iosis nacvlad antioqiis patriarqad qarTul cnobaSi moxsenebuli Teofane

iqna arCeuli da krebis Semdgom muSaobaSic is monawileobda.

daaxloebiT 681 wlis 5 aprilidan gamodioda Teofane antioqiis patri-

arqis tituliT da qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis sakiTxi _

`...konstantinopolis VI msoflio krebam, Cans, 681 wlis 5 aprilidan 16

seqtembramde gamarTul sxdomebze ganixila~.186 krebaze makariosis gaday-

enebis Semdeg marTlmadideblebma brZola gaagrZeles sxva mwvaleblebTan.

bolos Camoayalibes marTlmadidebluri dogmati, romelic imperatorma

daamtkica 681 wlis 16 seqtembers da dasacavad gadaeca saimperatoro


kars. rac Seexeba kanonebs, igi 680-681 wlebis krebas ar SeumuSavebia.

magram qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb am krebis dadgenileba Sesula dokumen-

tSi, romelsac ewodeba ̀ konstantinopoluri taxtikoni~.

VI msoflio krebis gadawyvetilebis dedani dReisaTvis ucnobia. krebis

dadgenilebiT, qarTvelebi iyvnen dainteresebulni da maT Semoinaxes ara

mxolod zemoT moyvanili variantiT. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa

Txzuleba `sityvis gebad laTinTa mimarT Cven marTlmadidebelTa mier~,

romelic e. TayaiSvilma `martvilis xelnawerebSi~ aRwera. am Txzulebis

bolo nawilSi ikiTxeba: `rameTu esreT Sesaswavebel ars taxtikonsa Sina

konstantinopolissasa, viTarmed mas Jamsa Sina wmida meequse krebasa kon-

stantine poRonatisasa da aRaTon romTa papisa, giorgi konstantinepolel-

isa da Teofane antioqielisasa da maT Tana asormocdaaTTa mamaTagan

gapatiosnda kaTalikozi qarTlisa da yves mamamTavrad da Tavisufal da

uflad yovlisa zeda saqarTveloAsa... aRaravisagan xel qveS ars, aramed

Tavisufal da mamamTavari (e.i. `patriarqi~) ars~.

v. goilaZe wers _ ̀ Tu T. balsamoni qarTul eklesiaze saubrisas wyaros

ar asaxelebs, samagierod, ̀ martviluri xelnaweri~ wyarod ̀ konstantinopo-

lur taqtikons~ asaxelebs, romelSic ueWvelia is dokumenti unda ig-

ulisxmebodes, romelic 681 wlis 16 seqtembers saimperatoro kars gadae-

ca Sesanaxad~.187

am `taqtikonSi~ naTqvami yofila, rom 681 wlis krebis Semdeg qarTuli

eklesia iTvleba samamamTavro eklesiad, anu sapatriarqo eklesiad, rom is

srulebiT Tavisufalia da arc erT patriarqs ar eqvemdebareba _ `rameTu

aRaravisagan xel qveS ars, aramed Tavisufal ars~, imave cnobas imeorebs

berZeni kanonisti maTeos blastari _ kerZod, rom `... iberiis eklesia arc

erT patriarqs ar eqvemdebareba, rom iberielTa eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebi

Cveulebriv xelT isxmebodnen sakuTar episkoposTagan~ _ ueWvelia maTeos

blastari `konstantinopolis taqtikonis~ msgavsi wyarodan sargeblobs.

marTalia, blastari qarTul eklesiasTan kavSirSi ar axsenebs VI msoflio

krebas, radganac is avtokefaliis Sesaxeb saubrobs da ara sapatriarqo

Rirsebis Sesaxeb, avtokefalia ki, misi azriT, qarTul eklesias antioqiis

krebisagan miuRia, cxadia, am dromde adre.

iustiniane II rinotmatis mefobis dros, 692 wels, konstantinopolis

trulis darbazSi kvlav Sesdga saeklesio kreba. am krebam gaiTvaliswina

wmida mociqulTa kanonebi. aseve I, II, III, IV msoflio krebaTa da adgilo-

brivi krebebis kanonebi, zogic axali daumata da isini erTiani saxiT

gamosca. Tumca, am kanonebSi wina krebebis zogi kanoni da dadgenileba ar

iqna Setanili. aseTebi, Teodore balsamonis sityviT, mis dros, e.i. XII

saukuneSi jer kidev bevri iyo. 692 wlis me-2 kanonisadmi darTul komen-

tarSi igi wers, rom aseTi wignebi man araerTxel naxa didi Tanamdebobis


moxeleTa xelSi da afrTxilebda maT, rom Zveli kanonebi ar gamoeyenebi-

naT. rogorc Cans, SemdegSi aseTi kanonebi da dadgenilebebi TandaTan

xmarebidan gamodioda da radgan xmarebaSi ar iyo, cxadia, aRarc gadaiw-

ereboda. gamoricxuli araa, aseT wignebSi moxvedriliyo VI krebis dadge-

nileba qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis Sesaxeb.

VII saukunis 80-ian wlebSi qarTvelebi aqtiurad ebrZodnen bizantiis

mtrebs.

`686 wels qarTlis erismTavarma nerse I-ma did somxeTSi mdgari arabTa

sardali baraba daamarcxa da arabebi gandevna. am xanebSi bizantias Zlier

esaWiroeboda qarTvelTa samxedro mxardaWera, amitom VI msoflio kreba-

ze qarTuli eklesiisaTvis sapatriarqo Rirsebis miniWebas saimperatoro

karic dauWerda mxars~.188

`qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da sxva cnobiT, 681 wels qarTul eklesias mieniWa

sapatriarqo Rirseba. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi im dros dasavleT saqarTve-

los zogierTi provinciac Sedioda. 720-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos sapatri-

arqo orad gaiyo _ qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebad. X saukuneSi

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos gaerTianebis Semdeg gaerTianda afxazeTisa da

qarTlis sakaTalikosoebi _ kvlav Seiqmna erTiani saqarTvelos sapatri-

arqo. XI saukuneSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arseboba ueWvelia.

rogorc aRiniSna, XI saukuneSi qarTulma eklesiam sapatriarqo Rirseba

TviTneburad ki ar miikuTvna, aramed mas hqonda kanonikuri safuZveli

sapatriarqo ewodebina qarTuli eklesiisaTvis _ safuZveli VI msoflio

krebis dadgenileba iyo.

diptixis Sesaxeb

diptixi aris marTlmadidebelTa RvTismsaxurebis dros adgilobriv ek-

lesiaTa meTaurebis moxsenebis rigiToba, anu msoflios marTlmadidebel

eklesiaTa meTaurebis moxsenebis rigi. is warmoadgens gamoxatvas sulieri

da kanonikuri erTobisa adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris.

marTalia, msoflio marTlmadidebel eklesias ar gaaCnia erTiani adminis-

traciuli centri, magram yoveli damoukidebeli, avtokefaluri adgilo-

brivi eklesiis meTauri da misi diakoni RvTismsaxurebis dros moixsenebs

sxva adgilobrivi eklesiebis meTaurebs, amiT is gamoxatavs, rom yvela

marTlmadidebeli eklesia, erovnebisagan damoukideblad, Seadgens erT, wmi-

da, kaTolike da samociqulo eklesias. yvela adgilobrivi eklesia erT-

maneTis mimarT Tanabaria da Tanaswori. ar arsebobs pirvelxarisxovani da

meorexarisxovani, upiratesi da umciresi eklesia. mravalricxovneba, an

teritoriis sidide ar aniWebs upiratesobas romelime eklesias meore

mcire eklesiis winaSe. mamaTa kanonebis Tanaxmad, yoveli eklesiis Tavisufle-


ba mopovebulia ufal ieso qristes sisxliT. III msoflio kreba me-8 kanon-

Si werda, rom yoveli eklesiis damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba `...TYsiTa

sisxliTa moguaniWa Cuen ufalman Cuenman iesu qristeman, ganmaTavisufle-

belman yovelTa kacTaman~.189 RvTis sityvis Tanaxmad, qristes eklesiaSi ar

aris arc elini, arc iudeveli, arc barbarosi, arc skviTi. mociqulTa 34-e

kanoni yvela eTnikuri olqis eklesias TavisTavadobas aniWebs. is ar

aZlevs romelime eklesias upiratesobas, amitomac Tanamedrove diptixSi

eklesiaTa meTaurebis moxseniebis dros, erTi eklesiis meTauris sxva ek-

lesiis meTauris win Tu ukan dayeneba, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT erTisaTvis

`upiratesobis~ miniWeba meoresTan SedarebiT, ar Seesabameba qristianobis

arss, Tumca Tavisi tradicia aqvs. istoria naTelyofs da mociqulTa 34-e

kanoni uCvenebs, rom im diptixis winasaxe, romelsac Cven dResdReobiT

viyenebT, Camoyalibda qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiarebis

Semdeg da ar arsebobda qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi (imperatorTa

gaqristianebamde). diptixi arsebobda mxolod aRmosavleT romis imperiis

SigniT myofi eklesiebis saWiroebisaTvis. diptixi bizantiur eklesiaSi

ixmareboda. dasavleT romis imperiis eklesiaSi ki RvTismsaxurebis dros

arasodes ar ixmareboda diptixi. aseve, radganac iberiis saxelmwifo

arsebobda bizantiisagan damoukideblad, qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis

meTauri bizantiur diptixebSi Setanili ar yofila. diptixi sWirdebodaT

imperiis SigniT, imperiaSi Semaval eklesiebs TavianTi saWiroebisaTvis.

diptixi iyo gansazRvruli wesrigi kaTedrebis meTaurebis rangebis mixed-

viT ganawilebisas. diptixi sazRvravda eklesiaTa Soris damokidebulebas.

diptixis Seqmna moiTxova imperiis erTianobisa da dauSlelobis saWiroe-

bam, raTa imperiis farglebSi myof erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel eklesiaTa

Soris, aseve episkoposTa Soris ar dawyebuliyo dausrulebeli kamaTi,

winaaRmdegoba eklesiaTa da kaTedraTa Rirsebisa da pativis xarisxis

gansazRvrisas. diptixis Seqmnis Semdegac ki erTi eklesiis, an kaTedris

meTauris mier meoris dawyevlis an anaTemaze gadacemis dros erTi ekle-

sia meore eklesias amoSlida xolme Tavisi diptixidan. imperiaSi moTavse-

bul avtokefalur eklesiaTa da kaTedraTa meTaurebs saxelmwifoSi eWiraT

didi administraciuli Tanamdebobebi. diptixis Seqmna upirvelesad am

eklesiaTa surviliT iyo gamowveuli, raTa ganesazRvraT pativis xarisxi

eklesiaTa meTaur mRvdelmTavarTa Soris, Tu romeli eklesiis meTauri, anu

saxelmwifos moxele idga pativiT sxva mRvdelmTavar-moxeleze maRla.

radganac iberiis eklesiis meTauri ar iyo da arc SeiZleboda yofiliyo

bizantiis saxelmwifos moxele, cxadia, iberiis eklesiis meTauris imperi-

aSi Semaval sxva mRvdelmTavrebTan pativis gansazRvris araviTari saWiroeba

ar arsebobda. amitomac iberiis eklesia bizantiur diptixSi ar Sedioda.


uZveles dros sxvadasxva eklesiebs sxvadasxva diptixebi hqondaT. dip-

tixis Sedgenas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca IV saukunis Semdeg kon-

stantinopolis episkoposis adgilis gansazRvrisas. trulis krebaze gan-

isazRvra ukve V-VI saukuneebSi arsebuli urTierTdamokidebuleba imperi-

is eklesiaTa Soris _ pirveli iyo romis saydari, meore _ kostantinopo-

lisa, mesame _ aleqsandriisa, meoTxe _ antioqiisa, mexuTe _ ierusalimisa.190

am xuTi patriarqisagan damoukidebeli iyo kviprosis eklesia.

saeklesio wesebis Tanaxmad, romis papi yovelTvis pirveli iyo yvela

mRvdelmTavarTa Soris (igulisxmeba VI s-dan). qalkedonis krebis 28-e

kanonis Tanaxmad, konstantinopolis episkoposs meore adgili mieniWa ro-

mis papis Semdeg, rac gaimeora trulis krebam 36-e kanonSi.191 qarTuli

eklesiis diptixi eyrdnoboda msoflio krebaTa kanonebs, amitomac pirvel

adgilze romis saydars ayenebda XIII saukuneSic ki, Tumca marTlmadide-

blobis centrad `berZnul~ eklesias Tvlida.192

VI-VII saukuneebSi diptixebi iqcnen oficialur dokumentebad romis

imperiis mTavari qalaqebis episkoposTa Soris upiratesobis gansazRvri-

sas. iberiis avtokefaluri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Semavali qalaqebi ar

Sediodnen imperiaSi, amitomac iberiis qalaqTa episkoposebi ar iyvnen

diptixSi Seyvanilni VII saukunemde. VII saukunis dasawyisSi herakle

keisarma qvemo iberiis, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira miwebi Camo-

arTva iberiis saxelmwifos da SeuerTa bizantiis imperias. amis Semdeg VII

saukuneSi saqarTvelos dapyrobili SavizRvispira qalaqebis fasisisa (foTi)

da petronis (cixisZiri) episkoposebi Seyvanil iqnen bizantiur diptixSi. V

trulis krebis kanonebs xels aweren fasisisa da petronis episkoposebi _

`Teodore uRirsman episkoposman fasoAsaman sofelsa Sina megrelTasa gan-

vasazRvren da warvweren...~193 (`fasoA-foTsa ityvis~ _ naTqvamia qarTveli

mTargmnelis SeniSvnaSi). aseve xels awers _ `ioane uRirsman episkoposman

qalaqisa petronisaman queyanasagan megrelTaAsa ganvasazRvre da warvwere~.194

aRsaniSnavia, rom trulis krebis kanonebs xels ar awers iberiis dedaqala-

qis episkoposi da arc iberiis eklesiis warmomadgeneli, xolo iberiis im

qalaqebis episkoposebi ki, romelnic bizantiis imperiaSi Sediodnen, Seyva-

nilni arian bizantiur diptixSi da am krebis kanonebsac xels aweren.

ierusalimeli patriarqebi dosiTeosi da xrisanfi weren _ lazikis eparqia-

Si Semavali fasisisa samitropolitos konstantinopolis sapatriarqos dip-

tixSi eWira 27-e adgili, xolo trulis krebas lazebis qveynidan (e.i. qvemo

iberiidan) eswrebodnen Teodore faziseli da ioane petronis episkoposio.195

aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom diptixSi Setanili iyo bizantiis qarTuli

qalaqebis episkoposebi, xolo bizantiis gareT myofi qarTuli qalaqebis

episkoposebi ki _ ara. e.i. diptixi bizantiuri saxelmwifos saWiroebi-


sTvisaa Sedgenili, amitomac iberiis avtokefaluri eklesiis warmomad-

genelTa mouxsenebloba Zvel diptixSi imis niSani ki araa, rom aseTi

avtokefaluri eklesia ar arsebobda, aramed piriqiT, arsebobda da ar

eqvemdebareboda imperiaSi Semaval sapatriarqoebs _ WeSmaritad avtoke-

faluri iyo.

aRmosavluri (bizantiuri) diptixis axali gaxsenebaa parizis kodeqsi

XV saukunisa, sadac ixsenieba msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi, aleqsan-

drieli, antioqieli da ierusalimeli patriarqebi, magram am kodeqsze

ufro mniSvnelovania XV saukunis 30-ian wlebSi Semdgari ̀ msoflio~ saek-

lesio (ferara-florenciis) krebaze daculi diptixi, radganac am krebas

eswrebodnen msoflios xuTive sapatriarqosa da im dros arsebuli yvela

avtokefaluri eklesiis warmomadgenlebi. am krebis oqmebs patriarqebma

da maTma warmomadgenlebma xeli moaweres. marTalia, es kreba `yaCaRuri~

kreba iyo da mis oqmebs iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenelma xeli ar moaw-

era, magram kreba `yaCaRuri~ iyo sarwmunoebis sakiTxebSi da ara diptixis

sakiTxSi. am ̀ msoflio~ krebaze daculi iyo wina msoflio krebaTa kanonebi

eklesiaTa ganlagebis Sesaxeb. XV saukunis am krebis diptixi aseTi iyo: _

romis eklesia, konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, aleqsandriis, an-

tioqiis, ierusalimis sapatriarqoebi, ierusalimis Semdeg VI adgilze dgas

iberiis eklesia. aqedan Cans, rom Zvel diptixSi iberiis eklesias eWira

VI adgili, magram aseTi saxis diptixi mxolod mTeli msoflios eklesias

Seexeboda. konstantinopolis da bizantiur diptixebSi XVI saukunemde

Setanis ufleba mxolod oTxi aRmosavleli patriarqis privilegia iyo.196

marTalia, XVI saukuneSi ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Semdeg moskovis

patriarqs neba mieca diptixSi da TaTbirebze mdgariyo ierusalimis sapa-

triarqos Semdeg, magram maleve, roca ruseTSi daarsda wmida sinodis

mmarTveloba, yvela aRmosavleTis sapatriarqos diptixebSi mxolod oTxi

aRmosavleTis patriarqi moixseneboda.197

bizantiur (aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebis) diptixebSi Setanili ar iyo

bulgareTis arqiepiskoposi, roca mas 1234 wels konstantinopolma patri-

arqis tituli mianiWa, diptixSi ar iyvnen Setanilni, agreTve, avteke-

faluri arqiepiskoposebi arqidisa, kviprosisa, iberiisa (ori _ iberiaSi

`zemo~ da `qvemo~) da pekiisa.198

XIX saukunis Sua wlebamde wmida diptixSi ixsenieboda mxolod aRmo-

savleTis oTxi patriarqi, mxolod am saukuneSi da Semdgom axali avtokefa-

luri eklesiebis (eladis, serbeTis, rumineTis, poloneTis da albaneTis)

daarsebis Semdeg msoflio konstantinopolis patriarqma isini daavalde-

bula, diptixSi moexseniebinaT oTxi patriarqis garda sxva episkoposebi

da eklesiebi.


saqarTvelos sapatriarqos adgilimarTlmadideblur diptixSi

X da XI saukuneTa mijnaze saqarTvelo gaerTianda, risTvisac saukuneTa

manZilze iRwvoda iberiis eklesia. sxvadasxva qarTuli politikuri erTe-

ulebis gaerTianebam erTian mZlavr saxelmwifod gamoiwvia saqarTvelos

hegemonoba mTel kavkasiaSi. aRmosavleTis eklesia gansakuTrebiT savalde-

bulod xdida samoqalaqo-saero dayofis gadaRebas saeklesioSi, ase rom,

yovel cvlilebas saeroSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebi unda mohyoloda saekle-

sioSi. amitomac, saxelmwifos gaerTianebas Tan mohyva qarTuli eklesiis

gaerTianeba. aqamde afxazeTis samefoSi arsebobda `afxazeTis sakaTaliko-

so~. qarTlis samefoSi ki _ `qarTlis sakaTalikoso~. samefoTa gaerTianeb-

is Semdeg gaerTianda eklesiebic da erTian qarTul saxelmwifoSi warm-

oiqmna erTiani eklesia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos saxelwodebiT. saqarTve-

los sapatriarqo, garda afxazeTisa da qarTlis sakaTalikosoebisa, Seicav-

da agreTve saqarTvelos saxelmwifos gavlenis sferoSi Semaval Crdilo

kavkasiis qristianebs, agreTve somxeTisa da yofili albaneTis marTlma-

didebel mosaxleobas. Crdilo kavkasiis qristianebi uSualod saqarTve-

los patriarqs eqvemdebarebodnen, rasac mowmobs epigrafikuli masala,

xolo XV saukunisaTvis Crdilo kavkasiis aRmosavleTiT Seqmnili iyo

xunZeTis sakaTalikoso, romelic iberiis sapatriarqoSi Sedioda. saqarTvelos

sapatriarqoSi Sevida somxeTis samitropolito, romelic istoriuli saqarTve-

los sazRvrebs gareT mdebareobda _ somxeTis (anisis) yofil samefoSi.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg sakaTalikosoebi ar gauqmebu-

lan, isini arsebobas ganagrZobdnen ise, rogorc bizantiur sapatriarqoSi

arsebobdnen samitropolitoebi. rogorc wesi, patriarqi imave dros mcxe-

Tis, anu qarTlis kaTalikosic iyo, mas sveticxovlis patriarqic ewodebo-

da sasaydro taZris mixedviT.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqo kavkasiis masStabiT Zalze didi eklesia iyo.

is moicavda ara marto kavkasiis marTlmadideblobas, aramed Zalze scilde-

boda kavkasiis sazRvrebs CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis mimarTulebiT. samxreTiT

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos esazRvreboda vanis tba da teritoriebi, romelic

daviT kurapalatma Seiyvana qarTvelTa samefoSi.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos warmoSobamde ar arsebobda qarTuli ekle-

siis meTauris Rirsebis bizantiel ierarqebis RirsebasTan Sedarebis saWiroe-

ba, amitomac, albaT, qarTul eklesiaSi diptixi ar gamoiyeneboda. viTareba

Seicvala sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg. axalma mdgomareobam warmoSva

sakiTxi, Tu patriarqTa rigSi romel adgilze unda daeyenebinaT, anda

romeli patriarqis Semdeg unda exsenebinaT axali patriarqi _ qarTuli

eklesiis meTauri. marTalia, im dros zogierT aramarTlmadidebluri ekl-


esiis meTaurs hqonda patriarqis tituli, magram msoflio marTlmadide-

blur eklesiaSi mxolod xuTi patriarqi arsebobda, rasac msoflio saek-

lesio krebebic adasturebda. im dros gadaxedes arsebul patriarqebis

rigs da daadgines, rom axali qarTveli patriarqi iyo meeqvse patriarqi _

romis papis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis da ierusalimis

patriarqebis Semdeg. ase Sedga qarTuli eklesiis diptixi. qarTuli ek-

lesiis diptixi ukve arsebobda saeklesio gamoyofamde romsa da konstan-

tinopols Soris, da amitomac am ganyofamde ukve arsebuli diptixi sauku-

neebis manZilze ucvlelad gadadioda sabuTidan sabuTSi. XVIII saukunis

dokumentSic aseTi diptixia daculi: `...Cuenca, glaxaki, qristes mier,

Semdgomad xuTTa patriarqTa da upirveles maTsa... suetiscxovlis meequsi-

sa patriarqis da qristes mier yovlisa saqarTvelos kaTalikozi nikoloz

vamtkiceb da warvswer...~199

aqedan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs diptixis patriarqTa rigSi

VI adgili uWiravs, magram mas Tavisi Rirseba arc erTi patriarqis Rirse-

baze naklebad ar miaCnia.

diptixSi qarTvel patriarqs VI adgilze XI saukunis dasawyisSive rom

ayenebdnen, es Semdegidan Cans: saqarTvelos sapatriarqo Seiqmna msoflio

qristianobis kaTolikebad da marTlmadideblebad gayofamde, rac 1054

wels moxda. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesia marad marTlmadidebelTa didi

ojaxis wevri iyo, amitomac gayofis Semdgom Sedgenil qarTul sabuTebSi

romis papi aRar ixsenieboda marTlmadideblobasTan da marTlmadidebel

patriarqebTan kavSirSi. gamonaklisia qarTuli eklesiis diptixi, masSi

romis papis sxva aRmosavleli patriarqebis gverdiT dayeneba miuTiTebs

imaze, rom qarTuli eklesiis diptixi Sedgenilia saeklesio ganxeTqile-

bamde, xolo Semdgomi saukuneebis sabuTebSi diptixis Seucvlelad gada-

tana miuTiTebs saeklesio tradiciulobaze, romelic gansakuTrebiT iyo

daculi qarTul eklesiaSi. garda amisa, qarTuli eklesia mudamJams erTgu-

li iyo saeklesio krebaTa kanonebisa, gansakuTrebiT ki qalkedonis krebisa,

qalkedonis krebam ki Tavis 28-e kanonSi daadgina, rom konstantinopolis

patriarqi unda mdgariyo ara pirvel adgilze, aramed meoreze. pirveli

adgili romis patriarqs unda daekavebina. konstantinopoli `...meore iyo

Semdgomad missa...~200 igive daadastura iustinianem Tavis 131-e novelaSi,

kerZod, `saeklesio kanonebis gansazRvrebis Tanaxmad, uwmidesi papi Zveli

romisa iyo pirveli yvela mRvdelmTavarTa Soris. axali romisas ki eqneba

meore adgili Zveli romis wmida samociqulo saydris Semdeg, magram adg-

ils daiWers sxva saydrebis maRla~.201 trulis saeklesio krebis 36-e kanonmac

gaimeora Zveli kanonebi da sapatriarqoTa adgilebi ase gansazRvra _

`...ganvasazRvrebT, raATa saydarsa konstantinepolisasa swori pativi aqundes

hromisa saydrisaA da viTarca igi gandidnebis saeklesioTa Sina saqmeTa,


meore iyos ese Semdgomad missa, romlisa Semdgomad iyavn aleqsandrielTa

didisa qalaqisaA da Semdgomad missa ierusalemelTa qalaqisaA~.202 tru-

lis krebam, gaimeora ra konstantinopolis saydarTan dakavSirebiT II

msoflio krebis me-3 kanoni da 28-e kanoni IV msoflio krebisa, gansazRvra,

rom pirveli yofiliyo romis saydari, meore _ konstantinopolisa, mesame _

aleqsandriisa, meoTxe _ antioqiisa da mexuTe _ ierusalimisa.

mcxeTelis (saqarTvelos) sapatriarqo saydari dadga ierusalimis say-

dris Semdeg. qarTuli diptixis Sedgenisas gaTvaliswinebuli iqna II msoflio

krebis me-3, qalkedonis 28-e, trulis 36-e kanonebi da miiRo aseTi saxe:

1. romis saydari;

2. konstantinopolis saydari;

3. aleqsandriis saydari;

4. antioqiis saydari;

5. ierusalimis saydari;

6. mcxeTis (sveticxovlis) saydari.

qarTuli diptixis mixedviT, saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs sxva avtoke-

faluri eklesiebis meTaurTa rigSi eWira me-6 adgili.

qarTuli eklesiis meTauris me-6 adgilze moxseniebas qarTul eklesiaSi

saukuneebis manZilze hqonda istoriul-tradiciuli mniSvneloba da iseve

Seucvlelad iTvleboda, rogorc saeklesio krebaTa da mamaTa kanonebi.

diptixis zemoT moyvanili saxe miuTiTebs imaze, rom is Sedgenilia

saeklesio ganyofamde.

bizantiis imperiaSi gabatonebuli iyo `pentarxiis Teoria~, msoflioSi

xuTi avtokefaluri eklesiis arsebobis Sesaxeb. es Teoria iyo gamonagoni

bizantiis saimperatoro da sapatriarqo karisa. TviT imperiaSive arsebob-

da meeqvse avtokefaluri eklesia kviprosisa, xolo iustinianem daaarsa

axali avtokefaluri eklesia `pirveli iustinianes~ saxelwodebiT, imperiis

gareT ZvelTaganve iberiis (saqarTvelos) avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda,

miuxedavad amisa, aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSic,

icnobdnen pentarxiis Teorias da masSi koreqtivebic SehqondaT.

saqarTveloSi gabatonebuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, xuTi msoflio patri-

arqis Semdgom idga saqarTvelos, anu mcxeTis kaTalikos-patriarqi. saqarTve-

los sapatriarqos daarsebidan mcire xnis Semdeg, 1057 wels mefe bagrat

IV-is Sewirulebis sigels SiomRvimisadmi aqvs qarTuli eklesiis meTauris

minaweri, romlis Tanaxmadac is dgas meeqvse adgilze msoflios xuTi

patriarqis Semdeg. vinc es sigeli daarRvioso, wers is _ `...krulmca ars...

xuTTa patriarqTa juariTa... da Cem glaxakisaca juariTa~.203

1245-1250 wlebis dawerils SiomRvimisadmi aqvs minaweri: `...xuTTa pa-

triarqTa juariTa, wmidisa samociquloAsa kaTolike eklesiisa madliTa

da raodenni mas Sina wmidani qarTlisa kaTalikozni sxdomil arian da


dasxdebian maT yovelTa juariTa~.204 wmida kaTolike samociqulo eklesia

iyo qarTuli eklesiis saxelwodeba da yovelTvis am formuliT moixsenie-

boda is. es sigelic xuTi msoflio sapatriarqo saydris Semdeg qarTul

eklesias asaxelebs.205

1259 wlis Sewirulebis dawerils rkonis monastrisadmi amtkicebs

saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri _ `...Cuenca, Semdgomad xuTTa patriarqTa...

meequsisa patriarqis... vamtkiceb...~206

zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom ukve XI saukuneSive, saqarTvelos sapatri-

arqos CamoyalibebisTanave, saqarTvelos patriarqs marTlmadideblur dip-

tixSi eWira meeqvse adgili xuTi patriarqis Semdeg.

marTalia, qarTuli eklesiis diptixSi qarTvel patriarqs eWira me-6

adgili, magram cnobdnen Tu ara amas msoflios sxva sapatriarqoebi, aRi-

arebdnen Tu ara isini qarTveli mamamTavris saydars meeqvse adgilze?

Cven dabejiTebiT unda vTqvaT, rom rogorc romis papebi, ise aRmosavleTis

oTxi patriarqi cnobda iberiis eklesias meeqvse adgilze ierusalimis

sapatriarqos Semdeg. amas miuTiTebs ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis

diptixi. am krebaze qarTul eklesias eWira VI adgili romis, konstanti-

nopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis saydrebis Semdeg. es

rom SemTxveviT ar iyo da eklesiaTa adgilebis ganawilebas am krebaze, ise

rogorc ̀ XII msoflio~ krebaze, sagangebo yuradReba eqceoda, iqidanac Cans,

rom florenciis krebam 1438 wels uniis Sesaxeb dekretSi daadgina: `kon-

stantinopolis patriarqi iqneba meore wmida romis papis Semdeg aleqsan-

drieli mesame, Semdeg meoTxe antioqieli da mexuTe _ ierusalimeli...~207

marTalia, am krebas ar gamoucia dokumenti, Tu rogor unda ganawilebu-

liyo Semdegi adgilebi, radganac kreba exeboda ara diptixis sakiTxs,

aramed sarwmunoebis sakiTxs, magram saerTod eklesiaTa (kaTedraTa) adg-

ilebis ganawilebas Zalze didi yuradReba rom eqceoda, zemoT moyvanili

dadgenilebidanac Cans.

qarTuli, anu iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenels am krebaze eWira VI

adgili. 1438 wlis 5 Tebervals feraraSi gaxsnil da florenciaSi gagr-

Zelebul `msoflio~ saeklesio krebas, sadac erTmaneTs Sexvdnen aRmosav-

leTisa da dasavleTis warmomadgenlebi da romlis aqtebsac aRmosavle-

Tis sapatriarqoebma xeli moaweres, _ ̀ Tanabari uflebiT eswreboda iberi-

is mitropoliti~.208

`iberiis mitropoliti ijda marTlmadidebelTa mxares mexuTe adgilze

konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis warmomadgen-

lebis Semdeg. _ `pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savarZe-

li... patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen... ierusalimis

patriarqis warmomadgeneli menziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis war-

momadgeneli iberiis mitropoliti~.209


krebis monawileni isxdnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: centridan Tanabar

manZilze idga ori taxti _ romis imperatorisa da berZenTa imperatorisa.

sasuliero pirebi ganlagebulni iyvnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: erT mxares

isxdnen laTinTa warmomadgenlebi, meore mxares isxdnen marTlmadide-

belTa warmomadgenlebi. CvenTvis saintereso marTlmadidebelTa rigi iyo

Semdegi saxisaa: marTlmadidebelTa rigSi pirvelad idga _ 1. konstanti-

nopolis patriarqis savarZeli (patriarqi am sxdomas ar eswreboda); pa-

triarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen _ 2. aleqsandriis patri-

arqis warmomadgeneli _ arqiepiskoposi; 3. antioqiis patriarqis warmomad-

geneli _ arqiepiskoposi; 4. ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _

arqiepiskoposi; 5. iberiis patriarqis (dokumentSia _ `mefis~) warmomad-

geneli mitropoliti. amis Semdeg diptixis mixedviT isxdnen sxva marTl-

madidebeli episkoposebi.

`nawyveti florenciis wmida msoflio saeklesio krebis oqmidan... sasu-

liero pirebis ganlagebis Sesaxeb... pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga

patriarqis savarZeli (patriarqi, SeuZlod yofnis gamo, im dRes krebas ver

eswreboda)... patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen _ herakli-

is arqiepiskoposi, romelsac aleqsandriis patriarqis kanonieri mandati

hqonda da misi adgili ekava; antioqiis patriarqis mier gamogzavnili _

efesiis arqiepiskoposi; ierusalimis patriarqis warmogzavnili _ meneziis

arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli _ iberiis mitropoliti;

amaT Semdeg isxdnen trapezuntis, rizes, nikeis... arqiepiskoposebi... mitrop-

olitebi... berebi, TavianTi wesis mixedviT~.210

florenciis krebaze ara marto eklesiaTa warmomadgeneli sasuliero

pirebi isxdnen `wesis~, anu diptixis mixedviT, aramed saero pirebic aseve

(wesis mixedviT) isxdnen.

ferara-florenciis `msoflio~ saeklesio krebidan Cans, rom qarTuli

eklesiis meeqvse adgili msoflio eklesiaTa rigSi, xolo V adgili mar-

TlmadidebelTa rigSi aRiarebuli da cnobili iyo rogorc romis papis,

aseve msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqis da sxva aRmosavleTis pa-

triarqebis mier, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi iseT, Tavisi droisaTvis Zalze

mniSvnelovan krebaze, romelic msoflio eklesiis gaerTianebas isaxavda

miznad, romisa da aRmosavleTis qristianebi erTmaneTTan uTanxmoebaSi ar

Sevidodnen iberiis eklesiis adgilis ZiebisaTvis. iberiis eklesiis adg-

ili diptixSi ZvelTaganve cnobili iyo, amitomac man am `msoflio~ kreba-

ze yovelgvari davis gareSe Tavisi adgili daikava.

XV saukunis pirveli naxevris diptixi, daculi ferara-florenciis kre-

baze, aseTia: 1. romis papi; 2. msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi; 3.

aleqsandriis; 4. antioqiis; 5. ierusalimis; 6. iberiis; 7. trapezuntis; 8.

rizes; 9. nikeis; 10. lakedemoniis; 11. nikomediis; 12. trivoniis; 13. amasiis;


14. mitilenis; 15. tolozinos; 16. stavropolis; 17. tustricis; 18. garinis;

19. melentinis; 20. aqilis; 21. muldulis patriarqebi da arqiepiskoposebi.211

marTalia, am krebaze ase isxdnen eklesiis ierarqebi, magram maTgan

avtokefalur eklesiad miiCneoda mxolod xuTi eklesia: konstantinopolis,

aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimisa da iberiisa, amitomac am avtoke-

falur eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebs am krebaze eWiraT gansakuTrebuli,

sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli skamebi krebis monawileTa pirvel rigSi, xolo

iberiis mefis elCi, romelsac agreTve trapezuntis imperatoris mandati

hqonda, papis Tanmxlebi piris pirdapir ijda.212

aseTi saxis iyo `msoflio~ eklesiis diptixi. marTlmadidebluri dip-

tixidan ki amoiRes romis papis moxsenieba, magram amas araviTari gavlena

ar mouxdenia qarTuli eklesiisaTvis kanonikurad miCneul meeqvse adg-

ilze. kerZod, marTalia, marTlmadidebluri diptixidan gavida romis pa-

pis moxsenieba, ramac vakanturi adgili warmoSva adgilobrivi eklesiebis

meTaurTa eqvseulSi, magram male vakanturi adgili daiWira ruseTis ekle-

siam msoflio sapatriarqosa da sxva sapatriarqoTa gadawyvetilebiT, rac

cno qarTulma eklesiam.

`konstantinopolis patriarqma genadi sxolarim (1453-1460) sxva aRmo-

savlel patriarqebTan erTad cno rusuli eklesiis damoukidebeli arse-

boba da gansazRvra CaTvliliyo avtokefaluri rusuli mitropolia Tavisi

RirsebiT ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, e.i. mexuTe adgilobriv marTl-

madidebel eklesiaTa diptixSi~.213

aqamde qarTul eklesias diptixSi adgili ierusalimis patriarqis Sem-

deg eWira, amis Semdeg ki man Tavisi tradiciuli meeqvse adgili daiWira

(ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg).

1589 wels ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Semdeg misma patriarqma

diptixSi maRali adgili daikava. `roca didma krebam 1593 wels gan-

sazRvra moskovis sapatriarqos mdgomareoba, mas gamoeyo ufro maRali

adgili, vidre maSin arsebul arqiepiskoposebs avtokefalur da TviTm-

marTvel eklesiebisa _ arxidiisas, kviprosisas, iveriisas da pekiisas, ma-

gram ara aleqsandriis patriarqis Semdeg, rogorc surda ruseTis mefes,

aramed mxolod ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg, imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom

krebis mamebma Sesabamis mimarTvaSi ganacxades wmida mamaTa kanonebis

Seucvleloba~.214

ruseTis mefes surda da aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebic ar iyvnen winaaRm-

degni ruseTis patriarqs diptixSi daeWira adgili aleqsandriis patri-

arqis Semdeg, magram radganac wina saukuneebSi wmida mamaTa mier dadgeni-

li iyo diptixSi aleqsandriis sapatriarqos Semdeg antioqiisa da ieru-

salimis patriarqTa xseneba, rac dadasturebuli iyo trulis krebis kano-

niT, amitomac aRmosavleTis patriarqebma gadawyvites ruseTis patriarqis


adgili marTlmadideblur diptixSi yofiliyo ierusalimis patriarqis

Semdeg. es adgili ruseTis sapatriarqom miiRo Tavisi ara marto sididisa

da ekonomikuri siZlieris gamo, aramed imitomac, rom im dros mahmadianur

qveynebSi arsebuli aRmosavleTis yvela patriarqi ruseTis qristianul

saxelmwifos imedis TvaliT Sescqeroda. aseve iyo saqarTveloSic. amito-

mac qarTulma eklesiam cno da aRiara ruseTis sapatriarqos adgili

ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, magram diptixSi VI adgilze kvlav

qarTuli eklesia unda yofiliyo.

qarTulma eklesiam ruseTis patriarqis adgili ierusalimis patriarqis

Semdeg rom aRiara, amas miuTiTebs saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarq ant-

onis mimarTva ruseTis imperatrica elisabedisadmi. 1757 wels anton I,

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi werda: _ `...yovelsa, rasaca

aRiarebs da daamtkicebs, Seiwynarebs da miiRebs dRes wm. eklesia aRmosav-

leTisa, romel ars konstantinepolisa, aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa da ieru-

salimisa da yovlisa ruseTisa _ meca aRviareb...~215 aqedan Cans, rom ukve

XVII saukunis Semdgom, qarTuli eklesiis diptixi aseTi iyo: 1. konstanti-

nopolis msoflio sapatriarqo; 2. aleqsandriis; 3. antioqiis; 4. ierusal-

imis; 5. ruseTis sapatriarqoebi; 6. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo.

amJamadac, marTlmadideblur diptixSi qarTul eklesias uWiravs isto-

riul-tradiciuli meeqvse adgili, rac savsebiT kanonieria.

qarTuli eklesiis VI adgili ferara-florenciis`msoflio~ saeklesio krebaze

`msoflio~ saeklesio krebebma XV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi Tavisi

ganviTarebis umaRles dones miaRwies. isini saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis

organoebs warmoadgendnen da ganixilavdnen ara mxolod sasuliero, aramed

saero da politikur sakiTxebsac. magaliTad, saeklesio krebis kompeten-

ciaSi Sedioda saimperatoro taxtze kandidaturebis SerCeva, imperatore-

bis gadayeneba, germanel mTavarTa urTierTobis mowesrigeba, samxreT-aRmo-

savleTi evropis qveynebis TurqeTis agresiisagan dacva da a.S.

XV saukunis saeklesio krebebi ar warmoadgendnen ubralo iaraRs pape-

bis xelSi, rogorc es XII-XIII saukuneebSi iyo. es saeklesio krebebi

damoukidebel politikas atarebdnen da acxadebdnen pretenziebs umaRles

avtoritetze saeklesio da saero saqmeebis gadawyvetis dros. isini iTvisebd-

nen agreTve papebis kontrolisa da gasamarTlebis uflebas~.216

1389 wels Turqebma kosovos velze evropuli qveynebis koalicia daama-

rcxes da serbeTi daipyres, xolo 1393 wels _ bulgareTi. 1430 wels

sulTanma murad II-m Tesalonike daikava, amieridan bizantia Sedgeboda

TviT konstantinopolisagan. imperiis dReebi daTvlili iyo. bizantiis im-


peratorebi aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebis gaerTianebis fasad

romisagan elodnen daxmarebis miRebas. mZime mdgomareobam aiZula bizanti-

is imperatorebi manuil II da ioane VIII miemarTaT romis papisadmi wi-

nadadebiT, kaTolikuri da marTlmadidebluri eklesiebis SeerTebis Taoba-

ze. aseTi Zalze mniSvnelovani saqmis gadawyveta miandes msoflio saekle-

sio krebas. es kreba unda yofiliyo Zalze warmomadgenlobiTi da moecva

msoflios yvela qristianuli eklesia. 1436 wels imperatorma dagzavna

Tavisi elCebi marTlmadidebel qveynebSi da moiwvia maTi eklesiebis me-

Taurebi saeklesio krebaze bazelSi. bizantiis imperatorTan da patri-

arqTan erTad italiaSi aRmosavleTis eklesiis 22 warmomadgeneli gaemgza-

vra, maT Soris ori qarTveli. 1436 wels imperatorma ioanem saqarTvelosa

da trapizonSi saeklesio krebaze elCebis Camosayvanad gagzavna andronike

iagrini. siropulosi wers, rom ̀ man iberiidan waiyvana ori episkoposi, erTi

elCi da iberiis mefeTa gansakuTrebuli senatorebi~. isini konstantinopol-

Si Cavidnen da aqedan patriarqis amalasTan erTad italiaSi gaemgzavrnen.217

`laTinur enaze Seqmnil erT TxzulebaSi, romelic am epoqas Seexeba,

sxva qveynebs Soris moxsenebulia iberiac. igi aq daxasiaTebulia, rogorc

uzarmazari qveyana, romelsac Tavisi ena da mwerloba gaaCnia, mimdevaria

berZnuli eklesiisa, magram amave dros aRmasrulebelia sakuTari Cveuleb-

isa da hyavs erovnuli samRvdeloeba. 1438 wlis 10 TebervliT daTariRebu-

li erT-erTi saistorio wyarodan irkveva, rom veneciis navsadgurSi Semo-

sulan romis papis galerebi. erT maTgans Camouyvania saberZneTis impera-

tori Tavisi amaliT, meores ki _ amave qveynis patriarqi da mravali

warCinebuli piri... somxeTidan, saqarTvelodan da ruseTidan~.218

wyaroebidan Cans, rom saqarTvelos eklesia sxva warmomadgenlebs Soris

am saeklesio krebaze pativiscemiT sargeblobda. es gamowveuli iyo, rogorc

ekonomikuri ZlierebiT, aseve mis mier marTlmadideblobis mtkice dacviT.

1437-1439 wlebis ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis aqtebi moRweulia

ori redaqciiT. pirveli maTgani warmoadgens saeklesio krebis kaTolikur

versias. pirobiTad mas uwodeben àqta latinas~. aqtebis meore redaqcia

gadmogvcems berZenTa delegaciis prolaTinurad ganwyobili nawilis Tval-

sazriss. mas uwodeben àkta graekas~. mesame da ZiriTad wyaros warmoad-

gens diakvnisa da didi eklesiarxis silvesteros siropulosis memuarebi.

CvenTvis sainteresoa konstantinopolis didi eklesiis eklesiarxis siro-

pulosis cnoba iberiis eklesiis meTauris Sesaxeb. is mas aRmosavleTis

patriarqs uwodebs. siropulosi gadmogvcems aseT ambavs: krebisaTvis saWiro

iyo Tanxebis gamoZebna, imperatorma iberiis eklesiis meTaurs mosTxova

30 000 _ ìberiis arqiepiskoposma gulmodgined izruna da imperators

Seacvlevina 30 aTasi fuli 20 aTasze. mas uxvad aqvs simdidre. masTan

arqieli mivida da misgan mxolod oci miiRo, radgan igi mTeli aRmosavle-


Tis patriarqia da mahmadianTa mflobelobis qveS imyofeboda. is sulTans

aZlevs aTas florins imisaTvis, rom patriarqad ekurTxos. misTvis fulis

gadaxda mZime ar aris~.219

siropulosis Sroma gamoxatavs marTlmadidebluri mimarTulebis Tval-

sazriss. siropulosi italiaSi Cavida patriarq ioseb II-is anturaJSi. is

iyo TviTmxilveli da mravali ambis monawile, romelic krebaze xdeboda.

man TviTve moawera krebis aqtebs xeli. amitomac, misi Tvalsazrisi qarTu-

li eklesiis sapatriarqo wodebis (Rirsebis) Sesaxeb aris konstantinopo-

lis eklesiis Tvalsazrisi, radganac siropulosi patriarqTan daaxloebu-

li piri iyo, konstantinopolis mTavari eklesiis eklesiarxi. is qarTuli

eklesiis meTaurs ̀ aRmosavleTis patriarqs~ uwodebs ise, rogorc saqarTve-

los sazRvrebs gareT tyoba-ierdSi aRmoCenili warwera XI saukunisa.

siropulosis mixedviT, iberiis eklesia sulTans garkveul Tanxas aZlevda,

rom misi mamaTmTavari patriarqad kurTxeuliyo.

zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesia ferara-florenciis kre-

baze monawileobda rogorc sapatriarqo eklesia. swored amiTaa gamowveu-

li is, rom iberiis eklesiis warmomadgeneli diptixSi daayenes sapatri-

arqoTa rigSi ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg.

krebaze konstantinopolis patriarqis savarZlis Semdeg oTx skamze

isxdnen sapatriarqoTa warmomadgenlebi, xolo maT Semdeg raime gansakuTre-

buli gamoyofis gareSe isxdnen sxva arqiepiskoposebi. konstantinopolis

patriarqis Semdeg oTx gansakuTrebul skamze isxdnen aleqsandriis, anti-

oqiis, ierusalimisa da iberiis sapatriarqoTa warmomadgenlebi _ herakli-

is arqiepiskoposi, romelsac aleqsandriis patriarqis kanonieri mandati

hqonda da misi adgili ekava, antioqiis patriarqis mier gamozavnili efesi-

is arqiepikoposi, ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ menziis ar-

qiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli _ iberiis mitropoliti.220

papis protonotariusi andrea di santa kroCe Tavis SromaSi florenci-

is krebis Sesaxeb (romelic Semdeg vatikanis bibilioTekarma horacio

justinianom Seavso) marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ierarqebis CamoTvlis dros

saqarTvelos warmomadgenels V safexurze ayenebda.221 (`aqtaLlatina~, gv.

72) konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis da ierusalimis patriarqe-

bis Semdeg, romlebic msoflio patriarqebad iTvlebodnen. es maRali adg-

ili saeklesio ierarqiaSi maCvenebelia imisa, rom saqarTvelos eklesia am

dros erT-erT Zlier da gavlenian organizacias warmoadgenda, amasve

miuTiTebs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mesveurebisadmi gagzavnili papi evgenis

werili, romelSic 4 msoflio patriarqis Semdeg moxsenebulia saqarTve-

los mefe da trapizonis mitropoliti da mxolod Semdegaa dasaxelebuli

ruseTis, moldo-vlaxeTisa da sxva mitropolitebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTve-

los elCebs Cabarebuli hqondaT trapizonis imperatoris mandati da maTi

saxeliT moqmedebis ufleba hqondaT.222


sxva bulaSi, aRmosavleTis eklesiebisadmi mimarTvis dros, papi uwodebs

àRmosavleTis rCeul xalxebs _ berZnebs, rusebs, qarTvelebs da valaxebs~.223

ufro metic, am krebis laTini mwerlebi saqarTvelos araTu me-6 adg-

ilze, aramed xandaxan me-3 adgilze moixsenieben, me-5 adgilze ki am krebis

diptixSi laTini istorikosebi mudam ixsenieben qarTul eklesias.

am krebis prolaTinurad ganwyobili berZeni samRvdeloeba TavianT ̀ aqta

graekaSi~ saqarTvelos yvela warmomadgenlis CamoTvlis Semdeg moixsenie-

ben da dasZenen _ ìyvnen agreTve iberiidanac mitropoliti da erTi

episkoposi~. saqme isaa, rom am prolaTin berZen avtorebs ar moswondaT

iberiis eklesiis mier marTlmadideblobis mtkice dacva. 1439 wlis ivl-

iss marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgenelTa umravlesobam xeli moaw-

era eklesiebis gaerTianebis aqts, qarTulma eklesiam xeli ar moawera

krebis dadgenilebas eklesiaTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb. amiT man prolaT-

inurad ganwyobili berZeni samRvdeloebis ukmayofileba gamoiwvia, rac

aisaxa kidec àqta graekaSi~.

uniis mowinaaRmdege saqarTvelos elCi TavisTan miiwvia molaparakebi-

saTvis romis papma. papi mis mimarT iCenda pativiscemas, radganac is

ganaTlebuli yofila da marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis sakiTxebSi Seu-

ryeveli. iberiis elCma paps upasuxa: `Cveni eklesia mosawonia da Cvens

dogmebs vemorCilebiT, Cveni eklesia Zalian mtkiced icavs TiToeul cnebas

Cveni uflis ieso qristesi, aseve wmida mociqulTa tradiciebs... eklesiis

saxelganTqmuli maswavleblebis swavlas maSinve gadmoviRebT xolme Cvens

enaze. amisgan arasodes ar gadagvixvevia, araferi ar dagvimatebia. romis

eklesiam ki mravali ram daumata da sabolood wmida mamebis swavlebis

sazRvrebi gadalaxa. amis gamo Tqvens eklesias Cven CamovSordiT da orive

gayris gziT wavediT~... amis Semdeg iberma paps urCia xeli ar exlo

barbarosul enebze arsebuli dogmebisaTvis, romelTa ZaliT warTmeva da

maT nacvlad Tavisis danergva surs. papma pasuxi faruli simwariT moismi-

na da gancvifrebuli gaCumda~.224 swored amitom qarTulma delegaciam

uaryo uniis miReba.

iberiidan krebaze gagzavnili yofila sami warmomadgeneli: ori sasuli-

ero piri _ Tbileli episkoposebi grigoli da ioane, agreTve gamoCenili

samoqalaqo piri.225

aRsaniSnavia, rom krebaze warmodgenili marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis

umravlesobam cno unia da xeli moawera krebis aqtebs gaerTianebis Sesax-

eb. dekrets gaerTianebis Sesaxeb xeli moaweres berZenTa imperatorma,

patriarqma da berZnuli eklesiis wevrebma.226

evropeli mecnierebi, mag. d. jila, am krebas msoflio krebas uwodeben.

jila, kerZod, werda _ ̀ rac ar unda iTqvas, es iyo msoflio kreba, romel-

mac Seafasa da gadawyvita doqtrinis sakiTxebi~.227


marTalia, rusuli Tanadrouli wyaroebi uaryofiTad afaseben am krebas,

magram mainc mas `merve krebas~ uwodeben. agreTve `msoflio krebis~ sax-

eliTac moixsenieben (erTi rusuli wyaro `yaCaRurs~ uwodebs).228

ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebam gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcia

diptixis sakiTxs. krebam uniis Sesaxeb dekretSi, romelsac xeli moaweres

berZenTa imperatorma da aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebma, daadgina, Tu rogori

unda yofiliyo rigiToba msoflio patriarqebisa saeklesio diptixSi.229

rogorc vTqviT, ferara-florenciis `msoflio~ saeklesio krebaze qarTul

eklesias diptixSi mudam VI adgili eWira, romis, konstantinopolis, aleqsan-

driis, antioqiis da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebis Semdeg, amitomac dabejiTebiT

unda iTqvas, rom XV saukunisaTvis bizantiis imperatori, romis papi, konstanti-

nopolis msoflio patriarqi, aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa da ierusalimis sapa-

triarqoebi aRiarebdnen da cnobdnen qarTuli eklesiis VI adgils diptixSi.

qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani diptixi

( j d o m i s a d a d g o m i s w e s i )( j d o m i s a d a d g o m i s w e s i )( j d o m i s a d a d g o m i s w e s i )( j d o m i s a d a d g o m i s w e s i )( j d o m i s a d a d g o m i s w e s i ) 230230230230230

qarTul eklesiaSi episkoposebi wirva-locvis Tu darbazobis dros isxdnen

saepiskoposoebis Rirsebis mixedviT. amis Sesaxeb daculia cnobebi uZvele-

si droidan vidre XVIII saukunis CaTvliT.

darbazobis Tu romelime ceremonialis dros mRvdelmTavrebi _ `arian

mdgomareni: ...TYsTa xarisxTa Sina... viTarca-igi ganwesebul ars samRvdelo-

Ta dasTaTYs~.

samRvdelo dass hqonia Tavisi `ganweseba~, romlis Tanaxmad, Tavisi xarisxis

Sesabamisad unda dadges mRvdelmTavari, da ara marto mRvdelmTavari, aramed

TavianTi ganweseba aqvT samRvdeloebas _ ̀ dekanozebs, kandelakebs da krebuls~.

diptixs ZvelqarTulad ewodeboda _ `samRvdeloTa dasTa wyobileba~, an

`wesdeba da garigeba~ da aseve `zeviT da qveviT dgomis wesi~.

`samRvdeloTa dasTa wyobileba~ erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos ar-

sebobis dros sxvagvari yofila, xolo samefos daSlis Semdeg ̀ samRvdelo-

Ta dasTa wesdeba da garigeba~ Secvlila. diptixSi Zveli wesebis Secvla

gamouwvevia imasac, rom axali saepiskoposoebi gaCenila, xolo zogierTi

Zveli gamqrala. am mdgomareobas gamouwvevia diptixis aSla da amis gamo

_ ̀ zeviT da qvemoT dgomaze mravali cileba da ganxeTqileba ars mRvdelmTa-

varTa, arximandritTa, protopapTa da samRudeloTa dasTa Soris~.231

erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos arsebobis dros diptixis rigi mt-

kiced yofila gansazRvruli da aRwerilia rogorc samefo matianeebSi,

aseve saeklesio sabuTebSi _ `...odes saqarTuelo iyo sruliad erTsamefo,

maSin samRudeloTa dasTa wyobileba da xarisxni iyunen sruliad mis-missa

xarisxsa Sina wesdgomiT, viTa ixilvebis qarTlis aRwerisa matianesa Sina

da egreTve mcxeTisa werilsa Sina xucursa~.232


saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom diptixis, anu wesdg-

omis rigic Seicvala _ `xolo odes saqarTvelo ganiyo da sam sameufod

gansqda: qarTlad, kaxeTad da imereTad da agreTve xuT samTavrod, e.i.

saaTabagod, sadadianod, sagurielod, saafxazod da sasvaneTod, maSin yovelTave

mefeTaca da mTavarTaca TYs TYsad sardrebi ganiweses... egreTve didebis-

moyuarebisaTYs romelTame axalni episkoposni dasxes, romelime saepisko-

poso avis drosagan moiSala, romelime damdablda, romelime amaRlda da

arRara ars adrindeli wesdeba da garigeba...~233

samRvdeloTa dasTa Zveli wesdebisa da garigebis moSlis gamo, rogorc

aRvniSneT, eklesiaSi arev-dareva Seqmnila.

qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi erT-erTi samgloviaro ceremoniis dros, XVIII

saukuneSi, `samRvdelo dasTaTYs ganweseba da dawyobileba~ ase yofila

gansazRvruli ceremonmaistris mier _ ̀ uwmidesi kaTalikos-patriarxi, piru-

elni mitropolitni, arxiepiskoposni, episkoposni, pirvelni arximandritni...

xolo Semdgomad sxvani mRudelni, viTa maTni mRudelmTavarni iyunen mdgo-

mareni, egreT maTni dekanosni, kandelakni da krebulni iyunen mdgomni

TYsTa xarisxTa Sina. egreT hsdgen viTa igi ganwesebul ars werilTa Sina

samRudeloTa dasTaTYs~.234

dokumentSi, romelsac ewodeba `kurTxeva mironisa~ da romelsac XIII

saukuniT aTariReben, saqarTvelos (Cans aRmosavleT saqarTvelos) mRvdel-

mTavrebi darbazobis dros sxdebodnen Semdegi saxiT _ `gangeba darbazo-

bisa _ raJams ikurTxos mefe da dajdes taxtsa zeda, efiskoposni am wesiTa

dasxden: 1. brZanos qarTlisa kaTalikozman da dajdes marjueniT mefisa,

taxtsa zeda mokidebiT, natiTa da baliSiTa; 2. Semovides Wyondideli da

dajdes marcxeniT mefisa, natiTa da baliSiTa; 3. Semovides didisa somxe-

Tisa mitropoliti da dajdes kaTalikozisa quemoT, natiTa da baliSiTa; 4.

Semovides mTavarefiskopozi da dajdes mitropolitsa quemoT, natiTa, ubal-

iSod; 5. Semovides mawyuereli da dajdes mTavarefiskopozsa quemoT, nati-

Ta, ubaliSod; 6. Semovides amba alaverdeli da dajdes Wyondidelsa

quemoT natiTa, ubaliSod; 7. Semovides qisiyeli da dajdes amba alaver-

delsa quemoT unatod; 8. Semovides kumurdoeli da dajdes qisiyelsa

quemoT; 9. Semovides ninowmideli arqimandriti da dajdes qisiyelsa que-

moT; 10. Semovides iSxneli da dajdes kumurdoelsa quemoT; 11. Semovides

anCeli arqimandriti da dajdes ninowmidelsa quemoT; 12. Semovides mtbe-

vari da dajdes anCelsa quemoT; 13. Semovides wurwyabeli da dajdes

mtbevarsa quemoT; 14. Semovides wyaroAsTveli da dajdes wurwyabelsa

quemoT; 15. Semovides eruSneli da dajdes wyaroAsTvelsa quemoT; 16.

Semovides mangleli da dajdes eruSnelsa quemoT; 17. Semovides winw-

yaroeli da dajdes manglelsa quemoT; 18. Semovides rusTveli da dajdes

winwyaroelsa quemoT; 19. Semovides wilkneli da dajdes rusTvelsa que-


moT; 20. Semovides kawareli da dajdes wilknelsa quemoT; 21. Semovides

urbneli da dajdes kawarelsa quemoT; 22. Semovides mrueli da dajdes

urbnelsa quemioT; 23. Semovides samTavneli da dajdes mruelsa quemoT;

24. Semovides niqozeli da dajdes samTavnelsa quemoT; 25. Semovides

valaSkerteli da dajdes niqozelsa quemoT; 26. Semovides bolneli mamaT-

mTavari da dajdes valaSkertelsa quemoT; 27. Semovides kareli mamamTa-

vari da dajdes bolnelsa quemoT; 28. Semovides xarWaSneli da dajdes

karelsa quemoT; 29. Semovides tfileli da dajdes xarWaSnelsa quemoT;

30. Semovides walkeli da dajdes tfililsa quemoT; 31. Semovides baneli

da dajdes walkelsa quemoT; 32. Semovides Werem-qalaqeli da dajdes

banelsa quemoT; 33. Semovides dmaneli da dajdes Werem-qalaqelsa quemoT;

34. Semovides dadaSneli da dajdes dmanelsa quemoT; 35. Semovides giSe-

li da dajdes dadaSnelsa quemoT. modgnen yovelTa monasterTa moZRuarni

da winamZRuarni da maTiTa wesiTa winamoisxdnen efiskoposTa~.235

aqedan Cans, rom darbazobisa da sxva oficialuri Sekrebis dros episko-

posebi sxdebodnen sagangebo wesiT, maTi kaTedrebis Rirsebis mixedviT.

imave Sekrebis dros samRvdeloebac sagangebo wesis mixedviT sxdeboda

Tav-Tavisi episkoposebis win _ TavianTi wodebisa da Rirsebis mixedviT.

es dokumenti, rogorc sxvagan gvqonda aRniSnuli, xelT hqoniaT erekle II-sa

da kaTalikos antons da amis mixedviT ganusazRvravT ninowmidelis pativi da

adgili. es dokumenti ereklesa da antons miaCndaT im Zvel dros Sedgenilad,

roca qalaqi tfilisi ar iyo samefo, anu sataxto qalaqi, aramed _ nisani da

quTaTisi, amis gamoo, _ weren isini, _ Tbileli episkoposis pativi da Rirseba

SedarebiT mcirea da is dgas episkoposTa rigis boloSio~.236

am dokumentis gadamwers erT-erT mTavar nusxaSi amba alaverdelis

gaswvriv marcxena kideze miuweria _ `Semovides cixe-gojeli da dajdes

bediels quemoT~.237 bolneli mamamTavris gaswvriv marjvena kideze gadam-

wers miuweria _ `Semovides aneli da dajdes bolnelsa quemoT~.238

minaweridan _ ̀ Semovides cixe-gojeli da dajdes bediels quemoT,~ Cans,

rom arsebula ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos episkoposTa pativisa

da Rirsebis adgilis ganweseba, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos, anu afxaze-

Tis sakaTalikosos `wesdgoma~.

motanili nawyvetidan Cans, rom pativiT cixe-gojeli ufro qvemoT dgas

bedielze.

saerTod, aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos arsebobi-

sas darbazobis dros mefis marjvniv isxdnen, anda idgnen qarTlis sakaTa-

likosos episkoposebi, xolo mefis marcxniv afxazeTis sakaTalikosos episko-

posebi. amaze migviTiTebs sabuTi _ `wesi da gangeba mefed kurTxevisa~,

romelsac XIII saukuniT aTariReben. aq aRniSnulia _ `marjuene Keli

kaTalikozTa eWiros, xolo marcxene Keli afxazeTisa kaTalikozsa...~239 e.i.


mefis marjvniv qarTlis kaTalikosi dgas, xolo marcxniv _ afxazeTis

kaTalikosi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu afxazeTis kaTalikosi ar eswreboda mefis

kurTxevas, misi adgili mefis marcxniv SeeZlo daeWira Wyondidels mTa-

varepiskoposs anda iSxnels, ceremoniis moTxovnilebaTa mixedviT. mefis

daburvis Rirseba mefis kurTxvis dros hqonia afxazeTis kaTalikoss, an

mTavarepiskoposs. xolo qarTl-kaxeTis samefos bolo wlebSi samRvdeloe-

ba ceremoniis dros orad iyofoda _ marjvniv mcxeTis samRvdeloeba

dgeboda, xolo marcxniv alaverdis samRvdeloeba. e.i. qarTlisa da kaxeTi-

sa. _ `...marjueniT mcxeTisa, xolo marcxeniT alaverdisa...~240

mefis marcxniv adgili Zveli erTianobis dros afxazeTis sakaTaliko-

sos episkoposebs unda daeWiraT, magram samefos daSlis Semdeg marcxena

adgili alaverdelma episkoposma daiWira.

1745 wels Teimurazis mefed kurTxevis dros, darbazobisas, mefis mar-

jvniv dajda saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi _ `xolo vinaATgan arca

samegreloAsa da imeriTisa episkopozni arcaRa mesxni iyunes mun, sxvadasx-

vaTa mier mizezTa, da saydarica somxiTisa mitropolitisa moSlil iyo

Zveladve, da ganeCinaT yoveli pativi somxiTis mitropolitisa amba-alaver-

delisad, dajda marcxeniT mefisa amba alaverdeli... somxiTisa mitropoli-

tisa pativisa Rirsqmnili mefisa leon I-is mier, adgilsa Wyondidelisasa,

marcxeniT mefisa~.241

e.i. leon I-is dros amba alaverdelma miiRo somxeTis mitropolitis

pativi, xolo darbazobis dros mieniWa Rirseba Wyondidelis adgilze

jdomisa _ mefis marcxniv.

sanam ganvixilavdeT mefis marcxniv `afxazeTis sakaTalikosos~ episko-

posebis ̀ wesdgomas~, manamde unda iTqvas, rom erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwi-

fos Seqmnis Semdgom, XI saukunidan, saqarTvelos patriarqi (anu rac igivea

_ qarTlis kaTalikosi), afxazeTis kaTalikosi, Wyondideli da moZRvarT-

moZRvari xdebian saxelmwifos moxeleebi, isini Sedian umaRles sakanonmde-

blo sabWoSi, romelSic mefesTan erTad Sedioda agreTve sami veziri.

`darbazis kari~ Sedgeboda ̀ oTxi berisagan~ da ̀ sami vezirisagan~. ̀ oTxi

beri~ arian _ 1. moZRvarT-moZRvari; 2. patriarqi; 3. afxazeTis kaTalikosi;

4. Wyondideli. ̀ sami veziri~ arian _ 1. aTabagi (mogvianebiT, manamde, albaT,

sxva saxeli iyo); 2. amirspasalari; 3. mandaturT-uxucesi.

`...darbaziT aTqs oTxTave: moZRvarT-moZRvarsa, kaTalikozTa, Wyondidelsa

da samTave vezirTa: aTabagsa, amir-spasalarsa da mandaturT-uxucessa~.242

`amirejibi _ kaTalikozTa, moZRvarT-moZRvarsa, Wyondidelsa _ amaT win

tablas dasdgamen... es oTxive adgebian... aTabagsa, amir-spasalarsa da man-

daturT-uxucessa tabaks ejibi daudgams, adgebian. gamgeT-uxucesi monazonT

oTxTave sam-samis jamiT, egreTve samTa vezirTa iTvalavs...~243


darbazis kari _ umaRlesi saxelmwifo organo _ Sedgeba oTxi mona-

zonisagan, anu oTxi berisagan da sami vezirisagan.

`oTxi berisagan~ Seqmnili sabWo, romelic arsebobda mefesTan, Cans, war-

moadgenda qarTuli eklesiis sinods, radganac darbazis kars ufleba

hqonda mieca kanoni eklesiebisaTvis _ `kanons darbazis kariT miiRebdnen~

eklesia-monastrebio, _ weria erT dokumentSi. Semdeg saukuneTa dokument-

ebSic es oTxi beri, anu oTxi monazoni moCans.

darbazobis dros moZRvarT-moZRvari mefis marjvniv dgeboda, an jdebo-

da. moZRvarT-moZRvari Zalze sapatio monazonia. mas mefe darbazobis dros

ufro meti pativiT xvdeboda, vidre kaTalikosebsa da Wyondidels. mefe

noxispirze miegebeboda moZRvarT-moZRvars, e.i. mis win dafenil noxs mefe

mTlianad gaivlida, xolo kaTalikosebisa da Wyondidelis misalmebis dros

mefes survilisamebr SeeZlo gaevlo noxis mesamedi, anda saerTod ar

gaevlo, adgilzeve darCeniliyo. aseTive wesiT egebeboda mefe samive vezirsac,

e.i. moZRvarT-moZRvris pativi aRemateboda, rogorc darCenili monazvnebis,

aseve samive veziris pativsac.

`moZRvarT-moZRvari Sevides da eTayvanos mefesa da merme mefeca eTay-

vanos... mefe noxTa pirsa moegebeis da moesalmos: `moaxsne~, brZanoso.

wavides [moZRvarT-moZRvari] da marjveniT gardadges axlo... kaTalikozi,

romelic movides egreTve eTayvanos... gina noxsa zeda mesamedi warmoiaros

da miTve wesiTa Wyondidelsa da samTa vezirTa awvios~.244

mefesTan darbazis karis Sekrebis dros mefis marjvniv adgils iWeren

mwignobarTuxucesi da qarTlis kaTalikosi, xolo mefis marcxniv _ Wyon-

dideli da afxazeTis kaTalikosi. xolo darbazobis dros mefis marjvniv

qarTlis kaTalikosis qvemoT sxdebian aRmosavleT saqarTvelos episko-

posebi Tavisi wesis mixedviT, xolo mefis marcxniv afxazeTis kaTalikosis

qvemoT sxdebian dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebi.

moZRvarT-moZRvris pativis gadidebiT odnav Semcirebulia saqarTvelos

patriarqis (qarTlis kaTalikosis) pativi, xolo Wyondidelis pativis ga-

didebiT Semcirebulia afxazeTis kaTalikosis pativi, anu eklesiis TviTm-

marTveloba SezRudulia saxelmwifos mier. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom saek-

lesio kanonmdebelia ara patriarqi, aramed oTxi berisagan Seqmnili sabWo,

romelic darbazis karze arsebobs.

dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTedraTa Soris erT-erTi sapatio yofila qu-

TaTelis kaTedra. quTaTelis pativi iseTive yofila, rogoric iSxnelisa.

Tu ra didi iyo iSxnelis pativi, iqidanac Cans, rom darbazobis dros

iSxnelis misalmebisas mefe or-sam nabijs gadadgamda, xolo sxva episko-

posTa misalmebisas adgilidanac ar daiZvroda _ `ra sworad episkoposni

mividnen imieriT: iSxneli, mawyvereli, anCeli, mtbevari da golgoTeli, maT

raA eTayvanen... iSxnelisaTYs ufro mdablad da ori anu sami biji warmo-

iaros da miesalmos; da am sxuaTaTYs sworad nu daiZvris~.245


iSxnelisa da quTaTelis pativi Tanabari yofila _ `da miT erTob

sabatio aris [quTaTeli} da iSxnelis swori pativi marTebs~,246 e.i. quTaT-

elis misalmebis drosac mefe or-sam nabijs warmodgamda.

didi pativi hqonia agreTve bediis episkopossac, radganac `...bedieli

mosaflavea [mefisa] da quTaTeli [makurTxevelica] da mesaflavec aris~.247

aqedan Cans, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebis ̀ wesdgoma~ iqnebo-

da aseTi saxisa: 1. mefis marcxniv dgeboda afxazeTis, anu biWvinTis kaTa-

likosi; 2. mefis marcxniTve iyo adgili Wyondidelisa, magram ara afxaze-

Tis kaTalikosis qvemoT, aramed mis gverdiT. maTi pativi Tanabari iqneboda,

radganac Wyondideli mefis moxelea _ `Wyondideli mama ars mefisa~;248 3.

afxazeTis kaTalikosis qvemoT adgili ekuTvnoda quTaTel episkoposs, rad-

ganac dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTedraTa Soris mxolod quTaisis taZarSi

akurTxebdnen mefes. quTaisis taZarSi inaxeboda mefis skiptra da gvirgvi-

ni. `...[quTaTelis saydarsa Sina] mefeni dailocvian... quTaTelman ase Tqua,

Tu: `aw, orjer-samjer Cems saydarsa Sigan orni mefeni dalocvilan da ar

memarTlebi, gYrgYni anu skiptra Cems saydarsa Sigan ar dasdva~. da merme

vezirT da erTobilT laSqarTa Tqves Tu `quTaTeli umarTlea~ da skipt-

ra quTaTels gauCines...~249 4. quTaTeli episkoposis qvemoT adgili ekuTvn-

oda bediel episkoposs, radganac `...bedieli mosaflavea [mefisa]... didi

giorgi, romelman basili berZenTa mefe gaaqcia misisa [bedielis] saydarsa

Sigan ars...~250 5. Cans, erT dros bedielis qvemoT adgili eWira cixe-gojel

episkoposs, amaze gvaqvs pirdapiri miTiTeba _ `Semovides cixe-gojeli da

dajdes bediels quemoT~.251 danarCeni dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposeb-

is adgilis gansazRvra darbazobis dros Znelia.

maSasadame, afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi `wesdgoma~ aseTi unda yofiliyo:

1. afxazeTis kaTalikosi;

2. Wyondideli;

3. quTaTeli;

4. bedieli;

5. cixe-gojeli...

erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom didi pativi mieca

alaverdis saepiskoposo kaTedras, gansakuTrebiT erekle II-is dros.

`q. Cuen, sruliad saqarTvelos mefeman iraklim ese ganaCeni davdeviT am

rigaT: Zveladganve CvenTa CamomavlobaTa mier maTi yovlad samRvdelooba

arxiepizkopozi alaverdisa didad gapatiosnebuli aris sxvaTa saqarTveloTa

yovlad samRvdeloTa zeda da umetesi pativi miscemies~.252

erekle II-m gazarda aseve ninowmideli episkoposis adgili da pativi.

erekle II-is dros saqarTvelos eklesiis Sina diptixi aseTi iyo (aRmos-

avleT saqarTveloSi):


1. `zemoAsa saqarTveloAsa mamaTmTavari kaTalikos-patriarxi~;

2. arqiepiskoposi amba-alaverdeli _ somxiTisa mitropoliti;

3. mitropoliti qisiyeli;

4. mitropoliti Tbileli;

5. mitropoliti ninowmideli;

6. mangleli;

7. rusTveli;

8. wilkneli;

9. kawareli, urbneli, mroveli, nekreseli, samTavneli, niqozeli, bolneli,

xarWaSneli, walkeli, dmaneli, giSeli _ moSlili saepiskoposoebi.

erekle II ninowmidelis adgils 1749 wlis dokumentiT sazRvravs Tbilelis

qvemoT _ `amisaTvis, Semdgomad qisiyelisa da tfilelisa mitropolitTa

aqvndes adgili mitropolitobiT mieriTagan yovelTa yovlad-samRudelo-

Ta ninowmidelTa...~253

`...miveciT ninowmidelsa mRudelmTavarsa adgili krebasa Sina dgomisa

anu jdomisa, uzemoes manglelisa, rusTvelisa da walkelisa da Tu same

iqmnes ganaxleba kawarelisa... urbnelisa da mrovelisa, nekreselisa, samTavnel-

isa, niqozelisa... bolnelisa... xarWaSnelisaca... walkelisaca da dmanelisa...

giSelisaca... TYT Tbilelisaca uzemoes aqunda adgili krebasa Sina yov-

lad-samRudelosa ninowmidelsa, viTar igi weril ars ganCinebasa Sina

mefeTa gvirgvinosan-yofiTa da darbazobisaTa... samefo qalaqi ara iyo

Tbilisi droTa mas Sina, aramed nisani da quTaTisi... papaman Cuenman irakli

pirvelman... tfileli episkopozi... mitropolit hyo... eseve saydari samit-

ropolito tfilelisa Rirsad... qvemo qisiyelis mitropolitisa saydrisa,

vqmeniT ara ugangebod. amisTvis, Semdgomad qisiyelisa da tfilelisa mit-

ropolitTa aqvndes adgili mitropolitobiT... ninowmidelTa...~254

aqedan Cans, rom ereklesa da antonis ganCinebiT, erT dros ninowmidelis

adgili TviT Tbilelis maRla yofila, rac imiT yofila gamowveuli, rom

Tbilisi Zveli darbazobis ganCinebis dros samefo qalaqi ar yofila. Semdgom,

roca tfilisi dedaqalaqi gamxdara, Teimuraz II-s TbilelisaTvis miuniWebia

mitropolitobis pativi da darbazobis dros TbilelisaTvis ganuCeniaT

adgili _ ̀ qvemo qisiyelisa~, e.i. qisiyelis qvemoT dajdeboda Tbileli, xolo

ninowmidels adgili ganusazRvres qisiyelisa da Tbilelis qvemoT.


Ta v i I X

`gaqarTvelebis~ moZvelebuli

Teoria

` q a rT v el m a T a v i s i s a rw mu no e b i s a T v i sj v arc mulm a , ic i s p at i v i s x v i s s a rwmu no e b i s a c .

a m i to m ac C v e n s i stor i aS i arar i s m a gal iT i , ro m q arT v el s sur v e b i y o sod e s m e s x v i s a s a rwmu no e b i s d a C a gv r a d a

d e v n a . s o m e x n i , e b r a el n i , T v i T m a h m a d i a n nic a ,C v e n s Sor i s m c xo vr e b n i , a m aS i C v e n

v e r a f e r s v e r wa g v a y v e dr e b e n ~.



Teoria qarTuli eklesiis mier saqarTvelos kuTxeTa`gaqarTvelebis~ Sesaxeb

. . . . . s a q a rT v elo ar i s i s q v e y a n a , s a d a cm e c n i e ruli azr i a r Z v eld e b a , m i T u m e t e s ,

Tu m a s p a tro n i h y a v s . C v e n i m e c n i e r e b i e rT x el ,od e s R ac ga m oT q m ul azr s xS i r a d v e r

el e v i a n ; a r a d a , we s i T y v el a m e c n i e rul i azr ia r S e i Zl e b a i y o s m a r a d iul i , z o gi u n d a

Z v eld e b od e s . r a d ga n azr i Tu ar m o Z v eld a ,a rc p ro gr e s i i q n e b a , y o v el S e m T x v e v aS i ,

g a n s x v a v e b ul azr s m a i n c u n d a m i v c e Ta r s e b o b i s u fl e b a~ .

arCil sulakauriarCil sulakauriarCil sulakauriarCil sulakauriarCil sulakauriVIII-X saukuneebi qarTuli eklesiis istoriaSi mniSvnelovani yofila

imiT, rom am dros Turme mimdinareobda qalkedonuri sarwmunoebis mqone

somxebis gaqarTveleba. gaqarTvelebula somexTa didi raodenoba, imdenad

didi, rom amas uzarmazari danaklisi miucia somexi xalxisaTvis da am

procesis Sedegad somxeTs daukargavs erovnuli teritoriebis nawili,

saqarTvelo ki gamdidrebula miwebiT, romelzedac mosaxle gaqarTvelebu-

li somxebi saqarTvelos kulturul cxovrebaSi brwyinavdnen TavianTi

umaRlesi xarisxis mwarmoeblurobis Sedegad (n. mari).

qarTuli eklesia uSualo kavSirSi aRmoCenila somxeTis am tragedia-

sTan, radganac gaqarTvelebulan qalkedoniti somxebi, qarTuli eklesia ki

sazogadod am mimarTulebisaa. ufro metic, qarTuli eklesia Turme iWre-

boda somxeTis miwa-wyalze da somexi samRvdeloebis namoRvaw da namuSakev

adgilebze qarTul eklesia-monastrebs awesebda (i. abulaZe).

mainc somxeTis romel teritoriebzea saubari, sad iyo im somxebis miwa-

wyali, romlebic kargavdnen erovnebas da qarTveldebodnen?

zogierTi mecnieris azriT, mesxeTi (tao, klarjeTi) da saerTod saqarTve-

los samxreTi nawili istoriuli somxeTia, romelic saqarTvelos SemouerTda

aq mosaxle `somxebis gaqarTvelebis~ Sedegad, garda amisa, qvemo qarTlic

somxeTis nawili yofila, romelic aseve gaqarTvelebula~.

ufro metic, maTi azriT, X saukunemde `araqarTuli~ qveynebi yofilan

hereTi da dasavleT saqarTveloc. mesxeTis msgavsad, X saukuneSi hereTi

gaqalkedonebula da amiT herebi gaqarTvelebulan, xolo amave droisaTvis

dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTulenovani wirva-locvis SemoRebis Sedegad

es mxarec gaqarTvelebula.


aseTia daskvnebi zogierTi mecnierisa.

maS sadRa iyo saqarTvelo, sad cxovrobda qarTveli xalxi? aleqsandre

abdalaZec am kiTxvas svams somxur enciklopediaSi dabeWdil r. xonelias

statiis ganxilvis Semdgom: _ ̀ ...r. xonelias rom kacma yuri ugdos (vai, rom

hyavs mas sakmaod mravalricxovani auditoria!) qarTlis elementi X sauku-

neSi aramcTu dasavleT, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic ar yofila. Zalian main-

teresebs r. xonelias azriT, rodis da saidan gaCndnen qarTvelebi?!~1

`...gamovida kidev erTi wigni ̀ azerbaijanis istoriuli geografia~, romel-

sac 1987 wlis TariRi uzis... am wignSi gatarebulia azri, rom albanelebi

azerbaijanelTa uSualo winaprebi arian, xolo ingiloebi _ gaqarTvelebu-

li albanelebi... aseve `gaqarTvelebulia~ kaxeTis didi nawili, hereTi da

a.S. xom xedavT, sanamdis midis saqme?~ _ wers r. miminoSvili (ix. lit. saq.

24 ivnisi, 1988 w. `dRes an arasodes~). ramdenadac cnobilia, n. maris

gavleniT istorikosebis mier SemuSavebuli Teoriis Tanaxmad, erTiani qarTve-

li xalxis Camoyalibeba dasrulda XI saukunisaTvis.2

n. maris Teoriebze dafuZnebuli Sromebis Tanaxmad, `qarTebis~ toms

didZali mosaxleoba Seemata sxvadasxva tomebis gaqalkedonitebisa da

maTTvis qarTulenovani wirva-locvis danergvis Sedegad, riTac TiTqosda

safuZveli daedo erTiani qarTveli xalxis Camoyalibebas.

`qristianobis gavrceleba aRm. saqarTvelos mTianeTSi maT qarTizacias

ganapirobebda. rac Seexeba das. saqarTvelos... das. saqarTveloSi gabaton-

da qarTuli eklesia da mRvdelmsaxurebac qarTul enaze sruldeboda,

ramac didad Seuwyo xeli das. saqarTvelos qarTizaciis process~ (q.s.e. t

`saq. ssr~, gv. 61).

saerTod, termini `qarTi~ niko maris SemoRebulia. cxadia, misganve mom-

dinareobs idea aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis da das. saqarTvelos

mosaxleobis `qarTizaciis~ Sesaxeb. xelovnuria termini da idea. sinamd-

vileSi, ZvelqarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad, arc mTianeTisa da arc dasavleT

saqarTvelos mosaxleobas `qarTizacia~ ar esaWiroeboda, radganac ZvelT-

aganve da farnavaz mefis drosac, rogorc mTielebi, ise egriselebi qarTve-

li xalxis ZiriTad nawilad ganixilebodnen. ise, rogorc saqarTvelos

sxva kuTxeTa mcxovrebni.

niko maris mier SemoRebuli Teoriis Tanaxmad, erTiani qarTveli xalxi

qristianobis gavrcelebis Semdeg Camoyalibda imiT, rom `qarTis~ tomma

qristianobis meoxebiT moaxerxa sxvadasxva tomebis `qarTizacia~, ramac

ganapiroba qarTveli xalxis Seqmna. sinamdvileSi ki, erTiani qarTveli

xalxi jer kidev qristianobamde arsebobda erTiani saxelmwifoTi.

Zveli qarTveli istorikosebi ki Tvlidnen, rom qarTveli xalxi ukve

arsebobda pirveli erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqmnis dros qristemde

IV-III saukuneebSi. aseTive Sexedulebis iyo didi ilia WavWavaZe da misi


drois qarTveli istorikosebi (d. baqraZe, m. TamaraSvili, i. gvaramaZe, T.

Jordania, m. janaSvili da sxvebi), mxolod n. maris Semdgom iqna uaryofili

es Tvalsazrisi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom n. mari aRzrdili iyo profesor patkanovis mier, amit-

omac n. mari aviTarebda patkanovis saistorio Sexedulebebs.

patkanovis saistorio skolas kritikis qarcecxlSi atarebda didi ilia.

patkanovio, _ werda ilia marTali, `... xels iwvdis taoskarze, exlandel

Woroxis xeobaze~.3

`me patkanovis Segirdi varo, iZaxis TavmowonebiT b-ni mari... Tumca pat-

kanovisamebr oinebSi jer Tavi ar uCenia... sxvafriv ki imis gzaze damdgara~.4

marTalia, ilias am werilis daweris dros, n. mars patkanovisamebr oineb-

Si jer Tavi ar eCina, magram XX saukunis damdegs Woroxis xeobaze (taosa

da klarjeTze) manac ̀ xeli gaiwoda~ da Tavi gamoiCina: _ ̀ n. maris daskvniT,

Tumca klarjeTi, taosTan erTad SemoerTebuli iqnao saqarTvelosTan VIII-

IX saukuneebSi, magram mosaxleobis SemadgenlobiT igi, viTomc amis Semde-

gac somxuri darCa.

klarjeTi, ise rogorc tao, dasaxlebuli iyoo somxebiT, romlebic sarw-

munoebiT qalkedonitebi (e.i. marTlmadideblebi) iyvneno. klarjeTisa da

taos mosaxleobas viTomc aerTebda saqarTvelosTan mxolod es sarwmunoe-

brivi erToba (marTlmadidebloba-qalkedonitoba). am sarwmunoebrivi er-

Tobis niadagze moxdao TandaTan daaxloeba klarjeTis da taos somxobisa

qarTvelobasTan da Semdeg TandaTan maTi gaqarTvelebao...

amrigad, n. maris mtkicebiT, klarjeTisa da taos mosaxleoba TviT Semdgom

xanaSic, iyvnen araqarTvelebi, aramed ZiriTadSi gaqarTvelebuli somxebi~.5

n. mari sastikad sayvedurobda did ivane javaxiSvils, roca is dasavleT

saqarTvelos mosaxleobas, maT Soris svanebs, Wanebsa da megrelebs X s-mde

qarTvelebs uwodebda. ivane javaxiSvilma safuZveli Cauyara Teorias qarTve-

li xalxis qristianobamde Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb, kerZod, daamtkica, rom

arsebobda saerTo (yvela qarTul tomTaTvis) sarwmunoeba da arsebobda

kultmsaxurebisaTvis saWiro yvela qarTul tomTaTvis saerTo ena, magram

mis dros arsebuli gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi viTarebis gamo mas ar

gauRrmavebia es Teoria, xolo n. maris Teoria qarTveli xalxis eTnikuri

araerTgvarovnebisa da am xalxis gvian xanaSi Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb waxa-

lisebuli iyo imdroindel xelisufalTa mier.

`... mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom carizmis rusifikatoruli politika

sagangebod iTvaliswinebda ruseTis ganapira mxareebis erovnul-uflebrivi

interesebis Selaxvas, aTanabrebda eTnografiul da erovnul niSnebs da am

gziT cdilobda daenawevrebina erTiani erovnuli sxeuli, win aRdgomoda

Cagruli xalxebis TviTSegnebis gamoRviZebas, yovelmxriv Seeferxebina eris

konsolidacia. am politikis uSualo anarekli iyo is faqti, rom 1886 wlis


mosaxleobis ojaxobrivi siebis Sedgenisas calke erovnebebad aRnusxes

qarTlelebi, xevsurebi, imerlebi, gurulebi, megrelebi, samurzayanoelebi da

qarTveli xalxis sxva eTnografiuli jgufebi... erovnul kuTvnilebas xSirad

aigivebdnen sarwmunoebriv da eTnografiul niSnebTan~.6

aseTi moTxovnis dros maSindeli xelisuflebisTvis srulebiT miuRebe-

li iqneboda ZvelqarTuli istoriografiuli Sexeduleba erTiani qarTve-

li xalxis jer kidev qristianobamde arsebobis Sesaxeb. n. maris Teoriac

swored carizmis Sesabamis politikas uWerda mxars. n. mari carizmisaTvis

Tavisi erTgulebis damtkicebas rom cdilobda, gamoCnda iv. javaxiSvili-

sadmi damokidebulebaSi 1905 wlis revoluciis dros. am dros cnobilma

rusma akademikosebma, profesorebma da ivane javaxiSvilma gamoaqveynes

werili, sadac amxeldnen mTavrobis uxeS politikas ganaTlebis sistemaSi.

amis gamo, 1905 wlis 25 ianvars n. mari wyeniT swers iv. javaxiSvils:

`...Tqveni gancxadeba gazeTSi _ `naSi dni~ sabolood CemTvis savsebiT

naTels xdis, rom Cven ar SegviZlia gulwrfelad viaroT erTi da imave

mecnieruli gziT, rom Cven ar SegviZlia xelixelCakidebuli da adrinde-

li axlo TanamSromlobiT viaroT... Cemi Rrma rwmenaa, rom mecnieri profe-

soris monawileoba partiul-politikur brZolaSi safrTxes uqmnis mec-

nierebis akademiur Tavisuflebas...~7

carizmis damxobis Semdeg ki n. mari droebiT mTavrobaSi yvelafers

akeTebs Tavisi uzarmazari avtoritetis moSveliebiT, raTa CaSalos Tbi-

lisSi qarTuli universitetis gaxsnis saqme _ `is, rac niko marma 1917

wlis seqtember-oqtomberSi dawera da warmoTqva droebiTi mTavrobis sax-

alxo ganaTlebis uaRresad reaqciul komisiaSi, man saWirod CaTvala gamoeqvey-

nebina 1918 wels~.8 am werils kinaRam sabediswero roli Seusrulebia

qarTuli universitetis gaxsnis saqmeSi (iqve).

droebiTi mTavrobis damxobis Semdeg n. mari sruliad axal mimarTulebas

iwyebs enaTmecnierebaSi. am droisaTvis igi erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli partiu-

li muSakia da niko maris Teoriebis kritika srulebiT SeuZlebeli gaxda.9

am statiaSi naTqvamia, rom mravali WeSmaritad didi mecnieris sicocx-

le Seiwira ̀ marizmma~, _ ase uwodebs avtori n. maris samecniero mimdinar-

eobasa da mis skolas.

im xanebSi SeiZleboda am Teoriis gaRrmaveba... magaliTad, 1937 wels i.

abulaZem sajaro sxdomaze waikiTxa moxseneba, romelSic ganaviTara da

gaaRrmava n. maris adrindeli Sexedulebebi, kerZod, qarTuli eklesia

angrevda somxur eklesiebs, wvavda jvrebs da a.S. `eklesiaTa ngreva da

jvarTa wva kidev imas unda moaswavebdes, rom erTi eklesia iWreba meoreSi

da maT gverdiT, Tu maT naamagarze Tavisas afuZnebs. esec araa ucxo ambavi

im droisaTvis. somxeTis miwa-wyalze ara erTi da ori `qarTvelTa~ savane

ixsneba am dros. termini `qarTveli~, rogorc akademikosma n. marma daamt-


kica, diofiziturs niSnavs am droisaTvis da iqneba igi martooden qarTvelTa

da somexTa elementebisagan Sedgenili~.10

es i. abulaZem sajarod warmoTqva 1937 wlis miwuruls, 17 dekembers,

man am wlis mware gakveTiliT icoda, risi Tqma SeiZleboda am dros da

risi _ ara. iTqva is, rac mosawoni iyo im droisaTvis. marTlac, esaa

gaRrmaveba n. maris adrindeli gamonaTqvamisa am Temaze. n. mari werda:

`somxuri antiqalkedonuri eklesiis nacionalizaciasTan dakavSirebiT

(somex) qalkedonur garemoSi mimdinareobs sapirispiro procesi, saxeldo-

br, ̀ denacionalizacia~, romelmac somex xalxs miayena uzarmazari danakar-

gi ricxobrivad da moralurad... am procesis wyalobiT somex qalkedonite-

bis denacionalizaciiT, saqarTvelo gamdidrda ori umaRlesi xarisxis

mwarmoebluri olqiT, saqarTveloSi pirdapir brwyinvale kulturuli cx-

ovrebis mqoneni, sityva exeba taos da klarjeTs... IX saukunis dasawyisSi

somexi qalkedonitebis mdgomareoba somxeTSi... iyo jer kidev mtkice, rom

isini batonobisaken miiswrafodnen. Crdilo-dasavleTi somxeTi olqebiT

klarjqiT (klarjeTi) da taiqiT (tao), am dros iyo maT xelSi. qalkedoni-

toba aq poulobda mxurvale mxardaWeras ara marto berZnebSi, aramed

qarTvelebSic. artanujeli bagratidebi, mxaris mflobelebi, ukve qalkedo-

nitebi iyvnen da es xels uwyobda qalkedonizmis zeims am kuTxeSi... aq

(klarjeTsa da taoSi) efuZnebian qarTveli ber-monazvnebi yvelani daqvrive-

bul somxur nagebobebze... am epoqaSi IX-X saukuneebSic ki, qarTveli berebi

iyvnen garemoculni. marTalia, erTmorwmune, magram mainc ucxo somxuri

mosaxleobiT da miuxedavad qarTvelTa politikuri batonobisa, uflebas am

mxaris qarTulad wodebisa isini afuZnebdnen masze, rom eklesiebSi wirva-

locva tardeboda qarTul enaze~.11

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, i. abulaZis azriT, termini ̀ qarTveli~

Turme eTnikurad qarTvels ar aRniSnavda, radganac es ̀ qarTvelebi~ Sedgebian

`qarTvelTa da somexTa elementebisagan~, e.i. qarTveli qarTveli ar aris,

xolo n. maris azriT, samxreTi saqarTvelo saerTod somxeTis miwa-wyalia.

pavle ingroyvam damajereblad uaryo aseTi Teoriebi, magram miuxedavad

amisa, amJamad TiTqmis yvela qarTveli mecnieri (istorikosebic da sxva dar-

gis specialistebic), rogorc wesi, VI-XI saukuneebis mimoxilvis dros xmarobs

termins `gaqarTveleba~ an `gaqarTeba~ e.i. aRiareben da emxrobian n. maris

Teorias somexTa, herTa da dasavleT saqarTvelos `gaqarTvelebis~ Sesaxeb.

eyrdnoba Tu ara aseTi didmniSvnelovani Teoria faqtebs, romelTa WeS-

mariteba ueWvelia?

ara, aseTi faqtebi ar arseboben. magaliTad:

1. IX-X saukuneebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos `gaqarTvelebis~ damadas-

turebel faqtad miaCniaT `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ arsebuli wi-

nadadeba, rom qarTlad is qveyana iTvleba, sadac wirva-locva qarTul


enaze mimdinareobso. sinamdvileSi es winadadeba ar SeiZleba amis damamtki-

cebel faqtad CaiTvalos, radganac srulebiT gansxvavebuli viTarebis gad-

mosacemad mohyavs is mis avtors. am faqtis garda sxva raime damajerebeli

faqti ar gaaCniaT (Tu ar CavTvliT abo Tbilelis viTomda ̀ gaqarTvelebas~).

2. hereTis `gaqarTvelebis~ damamtkicebel faqtad miaCniaT `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi~ gadmocemuli cnoba, rom hereTi qalkedonituri gaxda dinara

dedoflis wyalobiT. es cnoba araa gaqarTvelebis faqti, radganac is

gadmogvcems, rom herebi, anu rac igivea hereTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi,

dinara dedoflamde iyvnen qarTvelebive, magram ara qalkedonitebi, aramed

monofizitebi. isini dinara dedoflis dros ki ar gaqarTveldnen, aramed

gaqalkedonitdnen. herebma, anu qarTvelebma qristianobis erTi mimarTule-

ba meoriT Secvales.

3. faqtad iTvleba, qvemo qarTlSi, anu gugarqSi mcxovrebi somxebis

`gaqarTveleba~ kirion kaTalikosis mier maTTvis eklesiaSi qarTulenovani

wirva-locvis danergvis Sedegad. sinamdvileSi ki qvemo qarTli erT peri-

odSi kirionamdec, da ZiriTadad, kirionis Semdegac XI saukunemde somxeTi-

sa da somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda da aq swored is

procesi mimdinareobda, rac albaneTSi, kerZod, adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis

(e.i. aq qarTvelebis) armenizacia. kirionma isargebla xelsayreli poli-

tikuri viTarebiT da am armenizebuli qarTvelebisTvis eklesiaSi somx-

urenovani wirva-locvis gverdiT qarTulenovani wirva-locva daawesa, ami-

tomac somxebi ki ar gaqarTveldnen, aramed qarTvelebi armenizaciis gav-

lenisagan gaTavisufldnen. qarTvelebs dedaenaze wirva-locvis saSualeba

miecaT, magram samwuxarod, sul ramdenime wlis (kerZod, e.w. `sparsuli~

krebisa (614 w.) da gansakuTrebiT ki, bizantiur-somxuri eklesiebis ̀ uniis~)

Semdeg, es mxare kvlav somxuri eklesiis gavlenis qveS moeqca. swored es

iyo safuZveli am mxareSi taSiris kvirikianTa somxuri samefos daarsebisa

da misi arsebobisa TiTqmis XII saukunemde. amitomac, somxebi ki ar ̀ qarTvelde-

bodnen~, aramed mimdinareobda sapirispiro procesi _ qarTvelebi somxde-

bodnen. araviTari faqti qvemo qarTlSi somxebis `gaqarTvelebisa~ ar

arsebobs. am mxaris mosaxleoba qarTuli iyo uxsovari droidan TviT

taSiris kvirikianTa samefos arsebobis drosac.

4. mesxeTis mxareebi, TviT niko maris azriTac ki, uZvelesi droidan

dasaxlebuli iyo qarTvelebiT (`Tubal-kainuri tomebiT~), magram xSirad

VIII saukunemde es mxareebi somxeTisa da somxuri eklesiis gavlenis

sferoSi Sedioda. amitomac, adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, niko maris azriT,

gasomxebula, xolo VIII-X saukuneebSi es ̀ somxebi gaqarTveldnen~.

marTalia, samxreT saqarTvelos zogierTi mxare VIII saukunemde somxeTi-

sa da somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoebSi Sedioda, magram moxda misi

mosaxleobis kulturuli da ara eTnikuri armenizacia. eTnikurad qarTvelebi


qarTvelebadve darCnen, xolo kulturuli armenizacia imiT gamoixata, rom

msgavsad albanelebisa, maTTvis saeklesio da kulturis enad gaxda somx-

uri ena. amas xels uwyobda is, rom VIII saukunemde somxuri eklesia ar iyo

nacionalizebuli, aramed es eklesia Tavis mSobliur (araeTnikuri aramed

sarwmunoebrivi TvalsazrisiT) eklesiad miaCndaT sxvadasxva erebs: al-

banelebs, qarTvelebs, sirielebsa da sparselebsac ki (arsebobs sparseli

qristianebis mimarTvebi somxeTis kaTalikosisadmi).

rogorc ki 726 wlis Semdeg daiwyo somxuri eklesiis nacionalizacia, es

eklesia miatoves mesxeTis qarTvelebma. am dros arsebiTi iyo ara sarwmunoe-

brivi, aramed eTnikuri momenti (kartaSevs msgavsi sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqilebis

warmomSob mizezad miaCnia ara dogmatikuri uTanxmoeba, aramed eTnikuri momenti).

VIII saukunemde ̀ uniis~ dros, somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi yofni-

sas, mesxeTis zogierT regionSi dainerga somxuri wirva-locva, aqaurma

qarTvelma samRvdeloebam SeiTvisa somxuri ena da damwerloba (ise, rogorc

albanelebma). VIII saukunis Semdgom saWiro gaxda qarTulenovani wignebi,

amitomac kulturulad armenizebul qarTvelTa mier qarTuli wignebis

Targmnis an redaqtirebisas SeimCneva armenizmebis kvali. es bunebrivia,

kulturulad armenizebuli mweral-redaqtorebis mier redaqtirebuli wignebi

ver acda armenizmebs.

am faqtis (armenizmebis arseboba) garda sxva raime damajerebeli faqti

ar gaaCniaT.

n. maramdec somxur (da aqedan evropul) mecnierebaSi iyo azri, rom tao

da qvemo qarTli istoriuli somxeTis miwebia.12

n. mari, aRzrdili patkanovisa, aviTarebda somxuri saistorio skolis

Tvalsazriss, romelsac srulebiT ewinaaRmdegeboda mesxeTSi VIII saukunis

Semdgom arsebuli kulturul-eTnikuri viTareba, amitomac n. marma SeuTanx-

ma erTmaneTs somxuri samecniero Tvalsazrisi da mesxeTSi VIII saukunis

Semdgomi realuri viTareba, kerZod, tao-klarjeTis kultura (e.i. VIII

saukunis Semdeg) marTalia, qarTulia, magram qveyana mainc somxuria, radga-

nac am kulturis Semoqmedi aris gaqarTvelebuli adgilobrivi somxuri

mosaxleoba da ara qarTvelebio.

`...am Semcdarma da tendenciurma koncefciam farTo gavrceleba miiRo.

es Sexeduleba ganmtkicda rusul da evropul specialur literaturaSi.

am Sexedulebebis mimdevrebi da damcvelebi gamoCndnen qarTvel mkvle-

varTa Sorisac... korneli kekeliZe imeorebs am azrs, rom klarjeTi (taosTan

erTad) viTomc ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos mxolod VIII saukunis Semdeg, rom

es mxare, klarjeTi, eTnikurad viTomc ar iyo qarTuli qveyana~.13

am koncefciaze dayrdnobiT n. tokarskis Tavis wignSi `Zveli somxeTis

arqiteqtura~, taoSi mdebare oSki, xaxuli, iSxani, klarjeTis opiza, forTa-

xanZTa, SavSeTis, tbeTis taZrebi somxuri arqiteqturis Zeglebad gamoucx-


adebia.14 mixankova Tvlis, rom Woroxis

xeobis es provinciebi (tao, SavSeTi, klar-

jeTi...) ar iyo qarTuli qveyana, qarTuli

eniTa da kulturiT, aramed mxare, romel-

ic politikurad da agreTve eTnikura-

dac, ZiriTadSi dakavSirebuli iyo somx-

eTTan. mixankova Tvlis, rom n. maris kon-

cefcia tao-klarjeTis istoriisa, es aris

uryevi istoriuli WeSmariteba.15

`TviT aseTi kargad orientirebuli da

miudgomeli avtori, rogoric aris a. ia-

kobsoni, dajerebulia, rom mesxeTis ter-

itoriebi QWoroxis xeobisa gaxda qarTu-

li mxolod am gvian xanaSi. aseTia gav-

lena n. maris koncefciisa mesxeTis mx-

areTa istoriis Sesaxeb, romelic dRem-

de erTgvar dogmad iyo miCneuli~.16

marTali iyo didi ilia WavWavaZe, roca patkanovis Sesaxeb werda. is `...

xels iwvdis taoskarze, exlandel Woroxis xeobaze~, aseve moiqca misi

Segirdi n. maric.

saqarTveloSi kargad icodnen, rom n. mari antiqarTul poziciebze idga

da istoriul-filologiur mecnierebaSi aviTarebda yovelive qarTulis

sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebas. amitomac jer kidev III kursze studentobisas

ivane javaxiSvili gaafrTxila mamamisma aleqsandrem, rom yvelafrisaTvis

Seexeda sakuTari TvaliT da ara n. maris TvaliT: `1898 wlis 22 oqtomb-

ers aforiaqebuli mama swerda: ̀ Svilo, rogorc mama, girCev, Seni sakuTari

da WeSmariti kritikulis TvaliT Sexedo yvelafers da ara miepyro maris

qarTulis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebas~.17

roca iv. javaxiSvili àr miepyro maris qarTulis sawinaaRmdego mima-

rTulebas~ da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis Svilebs _ qarTlelebs,

kaxelebs Tu megrelebs sazogadod qarTveli uwoda da qarTveli eris

Semadgenel jgufebad miiCnia, mas winaaRmdegoba gauwia n. marma.

n. mari `mecnierulad asabuTebda~ erTiani qarTveli eris ararsebobas.

man qarTveli eris sxvadasxva eTnografiul jgufebs ìafeturi~ xalxebi

daarqva, xolo qarTvelur da mis monaTesave enebs ìafeturi~ Tu `Tubal-

kainuri~. man yvelaferi gaakeTa imisaTvis, raTa ̀ daesabuTebina~, rom TiTqosda

megrelebi ar iyvnen qarTvelebi. erTi wyaros araswori komentirebiT man

qarTvel mecnierebs miaRebina dogma, TiTqosda `qarTebis~ tomma kultu-

rul-eklesiuri zemoqmedebis saSualebiT megreli `xalxi~ `gaaqarTvela~

IX-X saukuneebSi. ivane javaxiSvilma pasuxi gasca am yalb Teorias da


daasabuTa, rom qarTuli ena araTu IX-X saukuneebSi iqna dasavleT

saqarTveloSi kultmsaxurebis enad, aramed TviT warmarTobis drosac ki

dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ samegrelosa da svaneTSi, warmarTuli kultm-

saxureba qarTul enaze aResruleboda.

pavle ingoroyvam ki daasabuTa, rom samxreT saqarTveloSi qarTuli

mosaxleoba uwyvetad arsebobda da es mxareebi yovelTvis qarTuli iyo

eTnikuri SemadgenlobiT.

ivane javaxiSvilma gamoarkvia, rom saqarTveloSi adgili arasodes hqo-

nia ucxo mosaxleobis arc sarwmunoebriv, arc rasobriv-eTnikur devnas.

qarTveli xalxi rjuliT da tomiT Semwynarebelia.

n. maris azriT ki, piriqiT, qarTvelebs araTu SeuviwroebiaT sxva tomebi,

aramed maTTvis deda ena da vinaobac ki dauviwyebiaT. somxebi, herebi da

sxvebi gauqarTvelebiaT qarTuli eklesiis meoxebiT.

qarTuli eklesia Turme ̀ wvavda~ sxvaTa eklesiebs, ̀ iWreboda~ sxva ucxo

erTa eklesiebSi, maT ̀ namoRvawev namonastralebze~ Tavisas afuZnebda, qarTu-

lenovani wirva-locvis danergviT sxva xalxebs `aqarTvelebda~. es yove-

live ciliswamebaa. qarTuli eklesia yovelTvis saTno da Semwynarebeli

iyo sxvaTa mimarT.

sinamdvileSi rogori politikuri viTareba iyo VIII-X saukuneebSi saqar-

TveloSi? saqarTvelos guli _ Sida da qvemo qarTli arabTa da maT mier

waxalisebul somexi naxararebisa da samRvdeloebis gavlenis qveSaa. es ki

pirobas qmnida araTu ucxoTa gaqarTvelebisaTvis, aramed qarTvelebis

erovnul mdgradobasac ki safuZveli Seerya, rogorc es `abo Tbilelis

wamebidan~ Cans.

somxuri eklesiis istoria, monoTelitobada xatmebrZoloba masTan kavSirSi

a. kartaSevis mixedviT

a. kartaSevis wignSi `msoflio krebebi~ (parizi, 1963, rus. enaze) gad-

mocemulia mizezebi, romlis gamoc somxuri eklesia Camoscilda msoflio

sayovelTao (kaTolike) eklesias.

am avtoris azriT, somxuri eklesia msoflio eklesias ganSorda ara

sarwmunoebrvi, aramed erovnuli motivis gamo: rom berZenTa imperiaSi

mcxovrebi patara erebi, imisaTvis, rom aecilebinaT did erSi asimilacia,

iRebdnen ara centrSi aRiarebul, aramed gansxvavebul sarwmunoebas.

imperiis patara erebma _ koptebma, asirielebma, somxebma da sxvebma miiRes

monofizitoba da sxva sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebebi gaberZnebisa da `garo-

maelebis~ Tavidan acilebisaTvis. Cans, amasTan erTad sxva mizezebic arsebobda.


qveTavi am wignisa _ ̀ ganyofa marTlmadideblobisagan erovnuli motivis

gamo~ ganixilavs, patara erebis eklesiebTan erTad, somxuri eklesiis ganyofas

msoflio eklesiisagan.

qalkedonis krebis droisaTvis (451 w.), roca mezobelma imperiebma gan-

sakuTrebiT moindomes somexTa asimilacia, somexi xalxi TiTqmis aTaswlo-

vani istoriuli warsulis mqone eri iyo, erovnuli mobilizeba misTvis

Zneli ar iyo, amitomac mezobeli saxelmwifoebis mxridan mravali cdis

miuxedavad, maT ver SeZles somxebis verc gasparseleba da verc `garo-

maeleba~, anu gaberZneba, rac imiT moxerxda, rom somxebma ar miiRes sparselTa

sarwmunoeba _ cecxlTayvanismcemloba, xolo qristianobaSi is mimdinareoba

miiRes, romelic gansxvavdeboda konstantinopolis sarwmunoebisagan. ra Tqma

unda, sarwmunoebis arCevaze laparaki Znelia, magram kartaSevisa da sxvaTa

dakvirvebis Tanaxmad, bizantiis imperiaSi mcxovreb patara erebs swored is

sarwmunoebrivi mimarTuleba miaCndaT swor, WeSmarit da erTaderT marTal

sarwmunoebad, romelic gansxvavebuli iyo konstantinopolSi aRiarebulisagan.

saerTod, unda aRiniSnos, rom saukuneTa manZilze (aq igulisxmeba IV-X

saukuneebi) somxuri eklesia iyo Zalze Zlieri organizacia, romelsac an-

gariSs uwevdnen rogorc sparseTis Sahebi, ise bizantiis saimperatoro kari.

bizantiaSi monofizitTa da monoTelitTa gavlenis gavrcelebis dros mniS-

vnelovan rols TamaSobda somxuri eklesia da somxuri elementi. saimpera-

toro karze myofma somxebma, kartaSevis Tanaxmad, didi gavlena iqonies bizan-

tiaSi xatmebrZolobis eresis rogorc gavrcelebis, ise misi ganadgurebis

dros. aRsaniSnavia, rom ara marto sparseTis da bizantiis samefo kari, aramed

arabebic angariSs uwevdnen somxur eklesias, aZlierebdnen da m. kalankatua-

cis Tanaxmad, sxva (albaneTis) qalkedonitur eklesiazec abatonebdnen mas.

amgvari viTarebis gamo, swori ar unda iyos qarTul mecnierebaSi miRebuli

Teoria `qalkedoniti somxebis gaqarTvelebis Sesaxeb~, im mizezis gamo, rom

es Teoria am sakiTxs ar ixilavs globaluri TvalsazrisiT.

a. kartaSevi Tavisi wignis qveTavSi _ `ganyofamarTlmadideblobisagan erovnuli motivebis gamo~, wers:

kamaTma qalkedonis krebaze moamzada saeklesio ganyofa somxebisa. am

SemTxvevaSi saqme exeboda im teritoriebs, romelnic bizantiis imperiaSi

Sediodnen (bizantiasa da sparseTs somxeTis miwa-wyali gayofili hqond-

aT). bizantiis imperatorTa mxridan ufro yuradRebian politikas ucxo

eris mimarT SeeZlo Seenelebina es ganyofa.

somxeTs uxdeboda politikurad or orientaciaze TamaSi _ bizantiursa

da sparsulze. momentis Sesaferisad, an erT an meore Zlier mezobels

unda mimxrobodnen.


Tavisi pirveli arqiepiskoposis miRebisas kesaria-kapadokiisgan somxeTs

Tavisi warmomadgeneli hyavda I msoflio krebaze _ grigor ganmanaTle-

blis Svili _ arqiepiskoposi aristakesi, magram arqiepiskopos nerse I-is

(374) Semdeg, romelsac kaTalikosi ewoda, wamoyenebuli iqna azri avtoke-

faliis Sesaxeb. kaTalikosi uwoda Tavis Tavs, radganac miiCnevda, rom

somxuri eklesia mociqul Tomasagan aris warmoSobili. somexTa mefis

sasaxleSi wamoyenebul iqna azri avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. nersesis memkvi-

dre iusiki somxeTis mefe-papma ukve aRar gaagzavna xeldasasxmelad ke-

sariaSi, aramed uwoda arqiepiskoposi Tavissave qveyanaSi. amgvarad, somxe-

Tis eklesiis avtokefalia damkvidrda arakanonikuri gziT, wers kartaSevi.

kesaria aprotestebda somxeTis aseT moqmedebas. II msoflio krebaze berZnebma

somxebi ar miiwvies, xolo cnobebma am dadgenilebaTa Sesaxeb somxeTamde

miaRwia mogvianebiT.

somxuri eklesia izrdeboda da Zlierdeboda. am eklesias 397 wlidan

448 wlamde marTavda grigoris STamomavali didi sahaki (isaaki), reforma-

tori somxuri eklesiisa da mTargmneli wmida werilisa somxur enaze. am

dros berZnebi flobdnen somxeTis erT naxevars, sparselebi ki _ meores.

Semdeg berZnebma gadasces mTeli somxeTi sparselebs. imperatorma Teodo-

si II-m xelaxla daibruna berZnuli naxevari somxeTisa, magram mTeli am

drois manZilze berZnebi aRizianebdnen somxebs (igulisxmeba nacionaluri

TvalsazrisiT) da somexTa simpaTiebi sparselebis mxares iyo. male somxe-

bi gaTavisufldnen sparselebisagan da ocnebobdnen berZnebisagan gaTa-

visuflebas. isaaki (sahaki) droebiT somxeTis saero mmarTveli gaxda (aR-

saniSnavia, rom daaxloebiT am dros ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tanaxmad, qarTuli

eklesiis meTauri arqiepiskoposi glonoqori saqarTvelos (qarTl-here-

Tis) saero mmarTvelad (erisTavad) iyo daniSnuli). isaaki berZnebs ise

uyurebda, rogorc erovnul mtrebs. mas ar undoda kurTxeuliyo kesaria-

kapadokiaSi da roca mcire azia kanonikurad daeqvemdebara konstantinop-

olis patriarqs (e.i. 451 wels), somxebma konstantinopolsac zurgi Seaq-

cies ise, rogorc kesaria-kapadokias.

400 wels wmida ioane oqropirma somxeTSi gagzavna konstantinopolis

krebis dadgenileba qristeSobisa da RvTisgancxadebis cal-calke dResaswau-

lis Sesaxeb _ romauli wesis Tanaxmad. isaakma arc ki upasuxa. somxeTis

eklesia darCa Zvel Cvevaze _ dRemde. sparselebi mtrulad eqceodnen

berZnul kulturas somxeTSi da iq anadgurebdnen somxebisaTvis gaxsnil

berZnul skolebs. im dros somxebs wirva-locva da RvTismsaxureba hqondaT

ara somxur, aramed berZnul enaze, somxuri anbanis ararsebobis gamo.

sparsuli orientaciis dros somxebma gadawyvites gaTavisuflebuliyvnen

berZnuli gavlenisagan saeklesio sferoSi. amaSi mdgomareobda paTosi

didi nacionaluri reformisa somxur eklesiaSi isaak didis dros _

somxuri anbanis gamogoneba da wmida werilis Targmna. aqamde ki inerciiT

RvTismsaxureba sruldeboda berZnulad.


kesaria-kapadokiis mitropolitebi somxebs mwvaleblebad miiCnevdnen

eklesiuri damoukideblobisaTvis.

III msoflio krebaze somxebs, Cans, ar gaugzavnes miwveva da efesoSi

somxuri eklesiidan aravin iyo. 435 wels somxurma eklesiam dagmo nesto-

rianoba da amiT berZnebTan erTad wavida win. amis Sedegad somxurma

eklesiam aRiara da miiRo samive msoflio kreba (I, II, III). am droisaTvis

somxeTi mTlianad sparsTa qveS iyo. somex aristokratiaSi midioda propa-

ganda cecxlTayvanismcemlobis sasargeblod. Semdeg movida brZaneba qris-

tianobis uaryofis Sesaxeb. somex episkoposTan krebam sparsTa mefes sakadrisi

pasuxi gaugzavna da daadgines _ iaraRiT xelSi daecvaT sarwmunoeba.

krebis dadgenileba JRers gadamwyvetad:

`dae aRimarTos Zmis xeli Zmaze, Tu is uaryofs uflis mcnebas, da mama

Sebralebis gareSe wavides Svilze da Svili mamaze, nuRar eSinia cols

xelis aRmarTvisa urjulo qmarze da aRdges msaxuri batonze~.

somxebma Svela Txoves berZnebs, magram arc Teodosi II-s da arc marki-

anes (imperatorebs) ar gaaCndaT Zalebi sparsTa sawinaaRmdegod. somxeTi

ajanyda. 451 wels ajanyeba damarcxda. is sparselebma CaaxSes. am wels

Catarda qalkedonis msoflio kreba. ajanyebis beladi varTan I da sxvebi

kanonizebul iqnen. qalkedonis krebisas berZnebs didad ar SeuwuxebiaT

Tavi somexTa mimxrobisaTvis. formalurad berZnebs is amarTlebda, rom

somexi episkoposebi ucxoeTis da ara imperiis episkoposebi iyvnen, xolo

krebebi iyo `imperiisa~ da imperia ki msoflio eklesia ar aris (ig-

ulisxmeba, rom `msoflio krebebi~ iyo ekumenuri, anu berZnul-romauli

samyaros krebebi, romelSic, faqtobrivad, imperiis18 SigniT arsebul kaTe-

draTa episkoposebi monawileobdnen). garda amisa, somxebs mianiSnes, rom

isini berZnuli TvalsazrisiT Sedian kesaria-kapadokiis mitropoliaSi,

amitomac araa saWiro maTi gansakuTrebuli miwveva msoflio krebaze.

somxeTi siriis gziT win aRudga `qalkedonitebs~.

am dros TviT saimperatoro karzec mimdinareobda sarwmunoebrivi WeS-

maritebis Zieba (bizantiaSi).

491 wels somxeTis krebam dedaqalaq vaRarSapatSi miiRo henotikoni

zenonisa da Tanabrad dagmo nestoric da evtixic. uaryo agreTve qalkedo-

nis kreba, romelmac TiTqosda daamtkica `ori saxe~. 491 wlis vaRarSapa-

tis dadgenileba ase JRers: `Cven, somxebi da berZnebi, qarTvelebi da

albanelebi, romlebic vaRiarebT erT WeSmarit sarwmunoebas, gadmocemulT

wmida mamebis mier sam msoflio krebaze, uarvyofT iseT RvTissagmob sity-

vas (e.i. rom qristeSi ori gansxvavebuli saxea) da erTsulovnad gada-

vcemT anaTemas yovelive msgavss~. esaa is sarwmunoeba, romelic im dros

bizantiaSi iyo gavrcelebuli saimperatoro karis mier (zenonis henotiko-

ni) da is aRiares berZnebma, somxebma, qarTvelebma da albanelebma.

`kreba gaxda istoriuli gamyofi berZnul marTlmadideblobasa da somx-

ur grigorianul aRmsareblobas Soris. droebiT ganSorda berZnul mar-


Tlmadideblobas qarTuli eklesiac. vaRarSapatis krebaze monawileoba

miiRes mezobelma kaTalikosebma saqarTvelosa da alvaneTisa~, _ wers

kartaSevi, magram am krebis dokumenti xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom im dros

qarTvelebsa da berZnebs erTiani sarwmunoeba hqondaT, sxva xalxebsac

aseve. `527 wlis dvinis axalma krebam kidev ufro gaaRrmava gansxvaveba-

ganyofa berZnul marTlmadideblobasa da somxur grigorianul aRmsare-

blobas Soris. krebam moiTxova eRiarebinaT qristeSi erTi buneba(!). imis-

aTvis, rom es erTbunebianoba ufro kargad warmoeCinaT, daadgines, erT dRes

edResaswaulaT Soba da RvTis gancxadeba 6 ianvars. dadginda rom evqaris-

tiis (ziarebis) saidumlo SeesrulebinaT aufuebeli puriT da mxolod

wyalgaureveli RviniT. aqve `samwmidaos~ galobas Tan daurTes monofiz-

ituri sityva-damateba: `romelic CvenTvis jvars ecvi~. am dros aekrZa-

laT somxebs ierusalimSi salocavad gamgzavreba da berZnebTan urTier-

Toba. es kreba, 527 wels, nakarnaxevi iyo antiberZnuli ganwyobilebiT, rac

gamowveuli iyo Semdegi garemoebiT:

518 wels, iustine I-is gamefebis Semdeg, konstantinopolSi daiwyo zeimi

(aRorZineba) qalkedonitobisa. manamde monofizitebs imperiaSi mtkice po-

ziciebi ekavaT. imperatorma vasiliskom uaryo qalkedoniis kreba. aleqsan-

driaSi, siriasa da palestinaSi monofizitebi Zlierdebodnen da devnidnen

qalkedonitebs... TviT imperiis mTavar taZarSi konstantinopolis aia-sofi-

aSi 512 wels Seitanes monofizituri samwmidao galoba _ `jvars ecvi~.

qalaqSi daiwyo brZolebi morwmuneTa Soris. 518 wels axalma imperatorma

monofizituri galoba akrZala, moiwvia kreba. `romis sarwmunoeba~, anu

qalkedonitizmi aRsdga.

im mizezis gamo, rom konstantinopolis imperiam 518 wlidan sruliad

aRadgina qalkedonitoba, somxebma sparsTa gavleniT, Tavis sarwmunoebad

antikonstantinopoluri sarwmunoeba _ monofizitoba miiRes 527 wels. am

droisaTvis sparselebi Sinagani aSlilobis gamo Zalian aamebdnen da ufrTx-

ildebodnen somxebs, gaafarToves maTi TviTmmarTvelobis formebi. 518 wels

erovnuli mTavrobac ki dauniSnes, misces erovnebiT somexi mTavari (aRsani-

Snavia, rom swored am dros sparselebma qarTlSi mefoba gaauqmes).

`TiTqosda qalkedonis krebis paralelurad (451 w.) dvinis krebam (igu-

lisxmeba 527 w.) somex kaTalikosebs mianiWa patriarqis tituli, radganac

qalkedonis krebaze patriarqebi uwodes _ romael, konstantinopolel,

aleqsandriel, antioqiel da ierusalimel mRvdelmTavrebs~.19

b . s o m x e T i i u s t i n i a n e d a n e r e k l e m d eb . s o m x e T i i u s t i n i a n e d a n e r e k l e m d eb . s o m x e T i i u s t i n i a n e d a n e r e k l e m d eb . s o m x e T i i u s t i n i a n e d a n e r e k l e m d eb . s o m x e T i i u s t i n i a n e d a n e r e k l e m d e

a. kartaSevi ganagrZobs: _ `iustinianes hqonda gamaerTianebeli _ Semr-

igeblur-kompromisuli politika (igulisxmeba qalkedonitTa da monofizitTa


Soris). aman aRZra imedi somxebis SemoerTebisa. somxur eklesiaSi ga-

Zlierda moZraoba berZnul eklesiasTan SesaerTeblad. iustiniane xazgas-

miT efereboda da pativs scemda somxeTis berZnul nawils. aSenebda somx-

eTis berZnul nawilSi eklesiebsa da monastrebs, sjida berZen Cinovnikebs

xelisuflebis borotad gamoyenebisaTvis, amyarebda wesrigs, 553 wels mar-

Talia, V msoflio krebas somxuri eklesia ar eswreboda, magram igulisxme-

boda igi iyo berZnebTan kavSirSi. 571 wels somxeTis ajanyebam sparsTa

winaaRmdeg vardan II-is meTaurobiT gaaZliera simpaTiebi berZnebis mimarT.

marTalia, ajanyeba sparselebma CaaxSes, magram 589 wels is gadaizarda

somxebisa da berZnebis samxedro kavSirSi, radganac imperatori mavrike

ereoda sparsTa Sinaur saqmeebSi da taxtze dasva Sahi xosro. xosrom

berZenTa imperator mavrikes dauTmo somxeTis nawili da naxevari saqarTvelo.

am dros aRiZra moZraoba berZnebTan SesaerTeblad. daiwyo kamaTi, krebebi.

Sedegad berZnebisadmi daqvemdebarebul somxeTis nawilSi gaimarjva mar-

Tlmadideblobam. somxeTis berZnul nawilSi somxebma airCies marTlma-

didebeli kaTalikosi ioane III, romelic marTavda qalkedonitur somxur

eklesias 616 wlamde. am wels is tyved Caigdo xosrom da waiyvana, maSin

xosrom mTeli mcire azia daipyro.

`qarTveli kaTalikosi kirioni, anu kironi aseve gadavida berZnuli

marTlmadideblobis mxares da amiT mospo TiTqmis 70-wliani yofna Tavisi

eklesiisa monofizitobaSi mezobeli somxebis gavlenis qveS~.20

magram sparseTis somxeTis kaTalikosebma moiwvies kreba da dawyevles

qalkedonis kreba da akurTxes Tavisi vaRarSapatis 491 wlis da dvinis

527 wlis krebebi. qarTuli eklesiis berZnebis mxareze gadasvlis gamo,

somxebma 596 wels moiwvies kreba dvinSi da daadgines, ganSorebodnen

qarTvelebs saSineli wyevliT. es kamaTi somxebTan daexmara qarTvelebs

ganmtkicebuliyvnen berZnul marTlmadideblobaSi.

611-617 wlebSi xosrom didi warmatebiT Seutia bizantias, daiwyo misi

gamarjvebuli svla bizantiis miwebze, daipyro somxeTis berZnuli nawili.

xosro somexTa kaTalikosebma aRiares megobrad, radganac somexi kaTali-

kosebis msgavsad, xosro qalkedonitobis mteri iyo.

sparselebma aiZules yvela somexi (yofil berZnul somxeTSi mcxovreb-

ni) mieRoT monofizitoba da uareyoT qalkedonitoba, amisaTvis xosrom

Tavis sasaxleSi moiwvia sagangebo kreba, ris Sedegadac aiZula da daavalde-

bula yvela somexi mieRoT monofiziti kaTalikosebis rwmena.

magram erekle keisarma male daamarcxa xosro da amiT gaaTavisufla

qalkedonitTa sindisi. ereklem Caatara sawinaaRmdego politika da droe-

biT SeierTa somxebi.21


g . e r e kl e s r el i g i u r i p ol i t i k a d a s o m x u r ig . e r e kl e s r el i g i u r i p ol i t i k a d a s o m x u r ig . e r e kl e s r el i g i u r i p ol i t i k a d a s o m x u r ig . e r e kl e s r el i g i u r i p ol i t i k a d a s o m x u r ig . e r e kl e s r el i g i u r i p ol i t i k a d a s o m x u r ie k l e s i i s n a w i l i s S e e r T e b ae k l e s i i s n a w i l i s S e e r T e b ae k l e s i i s n a w i l i s S e e r T e b ae k l e s i i s n a w i l i s S e e r T e b ae k l e s i i s n a w i l i s S e e r T e b a

bizantiis imperator erekles TvalsazrisiT imperiis erTianoba miiR-

weoda rwmenis erTianobis saSualebiT. konstantinopolis patriarqi ser-

gei erekles koronaciis (610 w.) Semdeg daumegobrda erekles.22 is iyo misi

mrCeveli. 626 wels erekle iyo lazikaSi, qalaq fazisSi (foTSi). aq man

molaparakeba daiwyo fazisis mitropolitTan _ kirTan. `kiri aq iyo mezo-

blad qarTuli eklesiisa da meTaurobda berZnulenovan marTlmadide-

blebs. TviT kirma icoda siriuli ena da SeiZleba siriidanac iyo. kiri

dainteresda marTlmadideblebis monofizitebTan kompromisiT. patriarqma

sergim kirs gaugzavna saRvTismetyvelo gasaRebi. kirs uxaroda qarTvelTa

dabruneba marTlmadideblobaSi da imedi hqonda somxebze imoqmedebda

kompromisiT (monoenergizmiT). irakli kmayofili iyo da gadawyvita kiri

aleqsandriis kaTedraze aeyvana.23

somxuri eklesiis nawilis SeerTeba berZnebTan (sarwmunoebrivad) moxda

kaTalikos ezras erTpirovnuli gadawyvetilebiT. ezra Tavis banakSi gam-

oiZaxa imperatorma ereklem. aq ezra eziara da swira, aqve somexTa kaTali-

kosma gadawyvita SeerTeboda berZnul ierarqias. ezra cxovrobda somxe-

Tis berZnul nawilSi da ebrZoda mis mowinaaRmdege kaTalikos qriste-

fores. iraklis mier rwmenis aRmsarebloba miwodebuli iyo somxebisaTvis

misaRebi saxiT.

amis Semdeg somxebis am teritoriaze (e.i. berZnul somxeTSi) somxuri

eklesiisa da berZnul-marTlmadidebluri eklesiis erToba gagrZelda 85

wels _ 6 kaTalikosis dros. am dros somxur eklesiaSi SemoiRes afuebu-

li puri da Tbilwyaldamatebuli Rvino (ziarebisas) da agreTve 25 de-

kembers aRniSnavdnen Sobas. magram sxvaobis garkveuli odenoba arsebobda

da darCenili iyvnen disidentebi.

berZnebma sirieli iakobitebi SeierTes 630 wels da aleqsandrieli

monofizitebi _ 632 wels.

634 wlidan palestinaSi Sevidnen muslimani arabebi. meore xalif omar-

is (634-644) dros aiRes damasko da ierusalimi (638 w.). siriis qalaqebi

advilad bardebodnen arabebs da siamovnebiT debdnen maTTan xelSekrule-

bas. disidentebi (igulisxmeba berZnuli sarwmunoebis mowinaaRmdegeni) six-

aruliT xvdebodnen musulmanebs, berZenTa zizRis gamo. erekle gardaicva-

la 641 wlis 11 Tebervals.24


d . V I m s o fl i o k r e b ad . V I m s o fl i o k r e b ad . V I m s o fl i o k r e b ad . V I m s o fl i o k r e b ad . V I m s o fl i o k r e b a

VI msoflio krebam dagmo monoTelitoba (681 w.).

`monoTelitoba-monoenergizmi, VII saukuneSi aRmosavleTis qristianul

eklesiaSi gabatonebuli moZRvrebaa. monoTelitobis mixedviT, qristeSi ori

bunebaa mocemuli, magram misi neba da qmedeba erTia _ RmerTkacuri. am

dogmaturi formulis mizani iyo diofizitebisa da monofizitebis gaer-

Tianeba orive mimdinareobisaTvis garkveuli daTmobiT da bizantiis im-

periisaTvis aRmosavleTis monofizituri provinciebis Semomtkiceba. monoTel-

ituri dogmati Camoyalibda 620-iani wlebis kavkasiaSi herakle keisris,

sergi konstantinopolelisa da kiros fasiselis TaTbirisa da mimoweris

Sedegad. xolo 633 wels gamoaqveyna aleqsandriis patriaqris saydarze

gamosulma kiros fasiselma. monofizitebma monoTelituri unia Tavis gam-

arjvebad miiCnies, xolo qalkedonelebi mas sofron palestinelis meTau-

robiT win aRudgnen. bizantiis samefo karma da eklesiam ukan daixia. 638

wels gamoqveynda `sarwmunoebis gardamocema~, romliTac aikrZala kamaTi

qristes `qmedebaTa~ Sesaxeb, xolo ZalaSi darCa dogmati qristes `erTi

nebis~ Sesaxeb. savaraudoa, rom VII saukuneSi kavkasiis eklesiebis ofi-

cialuri mrwamsi monoTelituri iyo. 680-681 wlebSi VI msoflio saekle-

sio krebam monoTelitoba mwvaleblobad gamoacxada, dawyevla da yvela

monoTelituri Txzuleba dawva~.25

monoTelitoba kvlav aRadgina imperatorma vardan filipikma, romelic

erovnebiT somexi iyo, monoTeliti.

kartaSevi ganagrZobs _ VI krebis dros, `680 wlis 7 noembridan 681

wlis 16 seqtembramde Sesdga sul 18 sxdoma. krebis monawileTa raodeno-

ba izrdeboda da bolos miaRwia 174-s. makari antioqielis dakiTxvis

Semdeg krebaze aRar darCnen monoTelitebi. makaris bedi gadawyda. is

jiutobda, magram gadaayenes. makaris nacvlad antioqielma samRvdeloebam

airCia Teofani.

makarTan kamaTis Semdeg waikiTxes warsulis werilebi _ sofronis epis-

tole, `Tavebi~ kirisa, sergis werilebi, gonoris pasuxi. sofronis epis-

toles garda yvela gadasces anaTemas. es iyo me-13 sxdomaze _ 28.03.681 w.

daiwera _ ̀ unda aRixocos eklesiidan saxelebi: sergisa, romelmac pirve-

lad dawera am upatiosno swavlebis Sesaxeb, kir aleqsandrielisa, pirosi-

sa, pavlesi da petre konstantinepolelisa da Teodore faranelisa _

yvelas gadavcemT anaTemas. maTTan erTad papi gonoria...~

me-14 sxdoma 5 aprils mTlianad mieZRvna msjelobas jer kidev adre

aRmoCenili falsifikatis Sesaxeb V msoflio krebis aqtebSi. saarqivo Ziebam

aCvena, rom V krebis aqtebSi patriarq makaris mwerlis, giorgi beris xeliT

damatebuli iyo falsifikati, aseve sxva falsifikati _ krebam anaTemas gada-

sca Cammateblebi. bolo me-18 krebas daeswro 174 episkoposi.


konstantine poRonatis Svili, iustiniane II (rinotmiti _ 685-695 da 705-

711 ww.) simkacriT yvelas aWarbebda. misi imperatorobis pirveli periodis

Semdeg taxtze avidnen leonti (695-698) da tiberi (609-705). tiberi Camo-

agdo iustiniane rinotmitma, romelic xersonesSi iyo gadasaxlebuli. xer-

sonesi xalxmravali savaWro forposti iyo bizantiisa, romelic mas akav-

Sirebda sarmatebTan da skviTebTan. xersonesis mcxovrebni iyvnen xelisu-

flebismoyvareni da avtonomiuri mmarTveloba gaaCndaT. bizantia Zalze

afasebda xersoness _ egviptis dakargvis Semdeg purs skviTebidan iRebda.

gadasaxlebis dros xersoneselebi iustinianes moepyrnen arastumarTmoyvru-

lad, amitomac taxtis dabrunebis Semdeg iustinianem gadawyvita mkacrad

daesaja xersoneselebi. man 100 aTasi jariskaci dasxa flotze da gagza-

vna TavridaSi brZanebiT, moespoT yvela mcxovrebi xersonesisa. dampyrob-

lebma mTeli maRali fena gaanadgures, bavSvebs ar klavdnen, danarCenebma

Tavs gaqceviT uSveles... iustinianem roca gaigo, rom yvelas ar klavdnen,

moiTxova xersoneseli tyveebi masTan mieyvanaT. qariSxalSi daiRupa 73 aTa-

si tyve. momdevno 711 wels iustinianem xersonesSi gagzavna axali floti

brZanebiT _ moespoT yvela cocxali adamiani da gaenadgurebinaT qalaqi.

floti ajanyda. mas sxva bizantielebic miemxrnen. amoirCies bizantiidan

xersonesSi gadasaxlebuli vardani da gamoacxades imperatorad _ saxeliT

filipike. iustiniane da misi vaJi mokles. somexma imperatorma vardane

filipikem fuZe daudo isavrosTa _ bizantiel imperatorTa dinastias.

erovnebiT somexma imperatorma filipike-vardanem uaryo VI msoflio

kreba da trulis kreba. man gamoacxada monoTelitoba. filipike-vardane iyo

aRzrdili stefanesi, romelic iyo mowafe makari antioqielisa, monoTelitTa

burjisa VI krebaze. 712 wels filipikem moiwvia konstantinopolSi kreba,

romelmac VI msoflio kreba anaTemas gadasca da aRadgina monoTelitoba.

713 wels filipike Camoagdes. axalma imperatorma anastasi II-m marTlma-

dideblobis mxare daiWira.26

e . s o m x ur i e kl e s i a m o n o T el ito b i s d r o se . s o m x ur i e kl e s i a m o n o T el ito b i s d r o se . s o m x ur i e kl e s i a m o n o T el ito b i s d r o se . s o m x ur i e kl e s i a m o n o T el ito b i s d r o se . s o m x ur i e kl e s i a m o n o T el ito b i s d r o s

632 wels ezra kaTalikosis mier ereklesTan dadebuli unia ar iyo

saxalxo, amitomac mudam wyvetili saxisa iyo. berZnebi TviTon iyvnen damna-

Saveni da somxebs aSinebdnen TavianTi monoTelitobiT, _ wers kartaSevi.27

erekle, romelmac 638 wels gamosca Tavisi ektezisi, ar iyo TanxmobaSi

qalkedonis krebasTan. somxeTSi Tavi wamoyo antiqalkedonitTa partiam,

romelic popularuli iyo, xolo tiposis gamocemis (648 w.) Semdeg somxebi

sabolood alaparakdnen, rom sakiTxi qalkedonis Sesaxeb sakamaToa TviT

berZnebTan, rom somxebs ara aqvT mizezi, Secvalon grigoris sarwmunoeba

`levis~ sarwmunoebaze. kaTalikosi iyo nerses III, aRzrdili saberZneTSi


da qalkedonis momxre, magram is iZulebuli gaxda 648 wels moewvia kreba

dvinSi, man gamosca epistole monofizituri swavlebiT. imperatorma konsta

II-m (641-668 ww.) daarwmuna somxebi, ar daetovebinaT berZnebi. imperatori

jariT Sevida karinSi (somxeTSi), mivida dvinSi nersesTan, daniSna mSvi-

dobis liturgia. wirvis dros nersesma aRiara qalkedonis kreba.

663 wels somxeTi moeqca arabTa Zalauflebis qveS da daiwyo kvlav

Tavisi gancalkevebuli saeklesio cxovreba, magram unias formalurad kv-

lav ar uaryofda. somxebma yuradReba ar miaqcies trulis krebis im

kanonebs, romelnic sagangebod somxuri Cveulebebis sawinaaRmdegod iyo

mimarTuli. am dadgenilebebs mxedvelobaSi hyavdaT somxeTis marTlma-

didebluri nawili alvaneTis kaTalikosis meTaurobiT, es iyo (700 wels)

nerses-bakuri. is locvebSi moixseniebda berZenTa mefes. amis gamo misma

konkurentma, mTavarma kaTalikosma, isaak (sahak) III egiam (iliam) (713-717)

daabezRa is arabTa winaSe, rogorc arabTa moRalate. xalifam gagzavna jari

da moiTxova, nersess uareyo berZnuli rwmena: sahak-ilia alvaneTSi Cavida

xalifas moTxovniT, nersesis kaTedralur qalaq bardavSi. nersesi ar daemor-

Cila, is Seipyres, daades borkilebi da borkilebSi gardaicvala.

maSin Seadgines sagangebo aqti, romelSic uaryofdnen marTlmadideblo-

bas da aRiarebdnen monofizitobas (707 w.), yvelam xeli moawera, xolo

somxuri erTiani monofizituri eklesia aRdga.28

v . V I I m s o fl i o k r e b a _ x a t m e b r Z olo b a . 7 8 7 w .v . V I I m s o fl i o k r e b a _ x a t m e b r Z olo b a . 7 8 7 w .v . V I I m s o fl i o k r e b a _ x a t m e b r Z olo b a . 7 8 7 w .v . V I I m s o fl i o k r e b a _ x a t m e b r Z olo b a . 7 8 7 w .v . V I I m s o fl i o k r e b a _ x a t m e b r Z olo b a . 7 8 7 w .

a. kartaSevi ganagrZobs _ jer kidev 713 wels bizantiis somexi impera-

tori filipike-vardane apirebda gamoeca kanoni xatebis Tayvaniscemis winaaRm-

deg. is ase iyo ganwyobili Tavisi monoTelituri ideologiiTac da Tavisi

adgilobrivi somxur-pavlikianuri (eretikuli) aRzrdiTac, romelic mtrobda

saeklesio kults, magram xatmebrZoloba daiwyo imperator lev isavrosis

(717-741 ww.) dros. igi iyo frigiis samxedro gubernatori (warmoSobiT

sirieli _ semiti). iq aRizarda da mieCvia xatmebrZolobas, romelic

saerTod miRebuli iyo rogorc somxeTSi warmoSobil pavlikianobaSi, ise

frigiul montanistebsa da novatianebSi. 717 wels arabebma alya Semoav-

les konstantinopols. imperia mxolod dedaqalaqisagan Sesdgeboda. erTi

wlis Semdeg, 718 wels arabebma alya moxsnes, dakarges 150 aTasi kaci da

male berZnebs arabebma waarTves somxeTi, kapadokia, biTvinia. levma daama-

rcxa arabebi frigiaSi 740 wels. amas levma miaRwia Zveli armiis reorga-

nizaciiT. Tavisi mmarTvelobis me-10 wels is xatTa winaaRmdeg gamovida _

754 weli. bizantiis TiTqmis yvela episkoposi (ricxviT 338) gamovida

xatebis winaaRmdeg (isavria-siriaSi hyvaoda xatmebrZoluri pavlikianoba

da massalianoba).


levi mtrulad iyo ganwyobili papis mimarT... aqamde Zveli `didi sabe-

rZneTi~, e.i. italiis samxreTi (apulia, kalabria, sicilia), sadac cxovrobd-

nen berZnebi da am droisaTvis TavianT berZnul enaze laparakobdnen, da

agreTve mTeli balkaneTis naxevarkunZuli (axaia, epiri, Tesalia, iliria,

makedonia, dakia, mezia, dardania) imperiis Zvel imperatorTa mier dayofis

Sesabamisad, iTvleboda dasavleT romis imperiis provinciebad da amitom

romis patriarqis saeklesio kuTvnilebad, magram iq saeklesio cxovreba,

saeklesio ena, wesi da Cveuleba mimdinareobda ara laTinur, aramed berZnul

enaze (e.i. marTalia, balkaneTis naxevarkunZuli samxreT italiasTan erTad

papis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, magram aq saeklesio ena iyo ara laTinuri,

aramed berZnuli). laTinuri Cveuleba da ena is-is iyo iwyebda berZnuli

enis Seviwroebas italiis samxreTsa da ukidures dasavleTSi (axaiesa da

makedoniaSi). imperatorma levma, papis siZulvilis gamo, krebebis gareSe,

Secvala sapatriarqoTa sazRvrebi romisa da konstantinopolisa. man ZaliT

waarTva iurisdiqcia am vrcel teritoriaze da aseulobiT eparqia da

saepiskoposo dauqvemdebara konstantinopolis arqiepiskoposs (e.i. balka-

neTis naxevarkunZuli sxva teritoriebTan erTad CamoarTva papis iurisdi-

qcias da gadasca konstantinopols), ramac gaaRiziana romi. swored es

gaRizianeba romsa da konstantinopols Soris safuZvlad daedo patriarq

fotis (IX s.) dros eklesiaTa momaval ganxeTqilebas.29 (aRsaniSnavia, rom

bizantiis saxelmwifo ena VII saukunis dasawyisamde iyo ara berZnuli,

aramed laTinuri). berZnuli ena aq saeklesio ena iyo... kartaSevi ase

aRwers bizantiaSi laTinuri saxelmwifo enis Secvlas berZnuli eniT _

imperatori mavriki (582-602) kapadokieli iyo da cudad esmoda laTinuri

ena. man sabolood oficialur saxelmwifo enad SemoiRo berZnuli ena

laTinuri enis nacvlad (e.i. ukve dawyebuli procesi sabolood daasrula).

`es detali asimbolizirebda aRmosavleT romis imperiis (bizantiis) wasv-

las dasavleT romis imperiis batonobisagan~.30

imperator levis politikis gamgrZelebeli iyo misi Svili konstantine

V (741-775), romelmac xatmebrZoloba devnamde miiyvana. mas uwodebdnen

`kopronims~ (nexvians). qarTulad ki, rogorc es matianedan Cans, `skore~

erqva (amJamadac `skore~ _ frinvelis ganavals qvia). mas aujanyda misi dis

qmari, somexi ardavazdi (romelic mxedarTmTavari iyo somxeTSi arabTa

winaaRmdeg). ardavazdi Cavida konstantinopolSi, xelSi aiRo xelisufleba

da gamoacxada xatTayvaniscema. erTi wlis Semdeg imperatorma konstantinem

xelisufleba daibruna. 754 wels Catarda xatmebrZolTa kreba. daiwyo

eklesiebidan xatebis gamotana. xatTayvanismcemeli berebi midiodnen emigra-

ciaSi _ Savi zRvis Crdilo sanapiroze, yirimSi, xersonesSi, arabTa mier

dapyrobil antioqiasa da aleqsandriis sapatriarqoebSi, sadac ar iyo devna.

ber-monazvnoba gamocxadda danaSaulad, maT awamebdnen da klavdnen.


garda konstantinopolisa, sxva sapatriarqoebSi, romelnic im dros imperi-

is gareT mdebareobdnen, srulebiT wynarad uyurebdnen bizantiur kamaTs.

irines mefobisas (Tavis Svil konstantine VI-sTan erTad (780-790) xat-

Tayvaniscema aRsdga. berebi ukan brundebodnen, magram es politika frTx-

ilad tardeboda.

VII msoflio kreba (787 w.) Catarda nikeaSi, romelic axlos iyo

dedaqalaqTan _ irinesa da konstantines dros. Catarda 8 sxdoma. I nik-

eaSi 24.09. bolo 787 wels 24.10. konstantinopolSi. mas eswreboda 350-368

wevri. xatTayvaniscema aRsdga. dadginda: `safuZveli xatTayvaniscemisa _

esaa eklesiis gadmocema; ukamaTo saxe (nimuSi) _ jvris Tayvaniscema...~

788 wels irinem gadawyvita ganeSorebina 18 wlis konstantine sacolis-

agan da misTvis misi nebis sawinaaRmdegod SeerTo somexi maria. konstan-

tines simkacrem SeTqmulTa mimarT TviT somxeTSi ajanyeba gamoiwvia (793).

konstantine gaSorda somex marias.

irine 797-802 ww-Si erTmmarTveli gaxda. misi Camogdebis Semdeg 802

wlidan 860 wlamde basili I makedonelis (860) gamefebamde saimperatoro

taxtze avida ori arabi, erTi arabcoliani berZeni, erTi somexi da sami

frigieli; maTTvis xatebis Tayvaniscema ucxo iyo. xatTayvaniscema ufro

`elinur~ dasavleTis provinciebSi (sicilia, samxreT italia, aqaia-aTenSi)

iyo gavrcelebuli. jari, ZiriTadad, somxuri provinciebidan iyo da somxur

provinciebSi daqiravebuli jariskacebisagan Sedgeboda, romlebic xatTay-

vaniscemas kerpTayvanismcemlobasTan aigivebdnen.

imperatorebis nikoforesa (802-811) da mixail I rangaves (811-813) (romelic

yofili ministri _ kurapalati iyo sasaxleSi), Semdeg imperatori gaxda

lev V somexi (813-820) _ xatmebrZoli. 815 wels Catarda meore xatme-

brZoluri kreba. am krebam Zala daubruna 754 wlis xatmebrZolur krebas,

xolo 787 wels xatTayvanismcemluri kreba Zaladakargulad gamocxadda.

imperatori mixeil II travli (820-829) pavlikiani iyo, romelsac ewode-

boda aTigani. zogierTi bizantisti aigivebs maT `cignebTan~. is religiuri

sindisis damcveli iyo, amitomac xatTayvanismcemlebs ar devnida. 822-823

ww. ajanyda Toma slavi, man miimxro spars-somex-qarTvel-kavkasielebi.

imperatori Teofile (829-842) xatmebrZoli iyo. man SeirTo naxevrads-

omexi Teodora. qmris sikvdilis Semdeg Teodora gamefda. mas hyavda Ze _

38 wlis mixail III. saxelmwifos marTavda mcire jgufi somxebisa _ Teodo-

ras naTesavebi. mmarTvelebi erovnebiT somxebi logoTeti Teokrite, barda,

Teodoras Zma da magistrosi manuili _ gvardiuli korpusis meTauri _

Teodoras biZa. saxelmwifoSi iseTi atmosfero iyo, rom yvela regentma

gadawyvita aRedginaT xatebis Tayvaniscema da SeewyvitaT devna. gadasaxlebu-

lebi gaaTavisufles. 843 wlis 11 marts, didmarxvis pirvel kviras erisa

da samRvdeloebis saerTo wirvaze aRsdga xatebis Tayvaniscema Teodorasa

da misi regentebis mier. es aris saeklesio dResaswaulis _ `marTlmadi-

deblobis zeimis~ dRe.31


z . s o m x u r i e k l e s i a V I I I -X s a u k u n e e b S iz . s o m x u r i e k l e s i a V I I I -X s a u k u n e e b S iz . s o m x u r i e k l e s i a V I I I -X s a u k u n e e b S iz . s o m x u r i e k l e s i a V I I I -X s a u k u n e e b S iz . s o m x u r i e k l e s i a V I I I -X s a u k u n e e b S i

707 wels xalifas gulis mosagebad somxurma eklesiam kavSiri gawyvita

(formalurad) berZnul eklesiasTan da gaagrZela Tavisi erovnul-monofiz-

ituri cxovreba. kaTalikosma ioane oZunelma (717-729) moiwvia kreba siri-

el iakobitebTan erTad manaskertSi da anaTemas gadasca eretikosebi (e.i

marTlmadideblebi), aikrZala berZnuli Cvevebis darCenili saeklesio naS-

Tebi, aikrZala afuebuli puri(!), aikrZala Sobis dResaswauli 25 dekembers,

gancalkevebiT gancxadebisagan (6 ianvrisagan) aikrZala didmarxvis yvela

dReebSi Tevzis, Rvinisa da zeTis gamoyeneba. male somxuri eklesia mivida

Tavis xatmebrZolobamde. xatebi im dros somxebs ar hqondaT, magram Tay-

vans scemdnen jvrebsa da nawilebs. xatebs eklesiebSi dekoraciuli mizniT

kidebdnen, amitomac eklesiebs TiTqmis ar xatavdnen. moxatavdnen xolme

arabeskebiTa da CitebiT, xanac srulebiT ar xatavdnen. roca X saukunis

bolos kaTalikosma vaganma gamoiCina siyvaruli berZnuli ikonostasebis

mimarT, is taxtidan Camoagdes.32

zemoT moyvanilidan naTlad Cans, rom V-X saukuneebSi somxuri eklesia

iyo mZlavri organizacia, romelic Tavisi gavlenis sferoSi moicavda

istoriuli somxeTis gareT myof teritoriebsac (alvaneTs VII-X saukuneeb-

Si, taosa da samxreT saqarTvelos VI-VII saukuneebSi da qvemo qarTls IX-

X saukuneebSi). TviT somxur eklesias angariSs uwevdnen bizantiis imperi-

aSi. saimperatoro karze didi gavlena hqondaT somxebs. sparseTis Sahebi-

saTvis somxuri eklesia srulebiT misaRebi iyo da pativcemuli. arabebic

aseve aZlierebdnen somxur eklesias, amitomac amgvar situaciaSi gac-

ilebiT ufro SesaZlebeli iyo qarTvelebs mieRoT imperiebis mier pa-

tivcemuli somxuri sarwmunoeba da gadaqceuliyvnen somxuri eklesiis

samwysod, vidre is, rom somxebs mieRoT qalkedonitoba da amis gamo isini

`gaqarTvelebuliyvnen~. miT umetes, rom TviT somxur eklesiaSi qalkedoni-

turi frTa Zlieri iyo IX-X saukuneebSic ki.

somxuri eklesiis pretenziebi qarTulieklesiis dauflebisaTvis

somxuri eklesia sparsTa da arabTa imperiebma usazRvrod ganadides,33

gaaZlieres, somxebs daumorCiles sxva arasomexi xalxebi, sxva qristianu-

li eklesiebi, kerZod, istorikos sebeosis Tanaxmad, sparselebma VII sauku-

nis 10-ian wlebSi somxur eklesias daumorCiles sxva arasomexi qristian-

uli eklesiebi imiT, rom sparseTis imperiaSi mcxovrebi qristianebi aiZu-

les mieRoT `somxuri sarwmunoeba~, amasve aRniSnavs mose kalankatuelic,

arabTa xalifam somxebs ierarqiulad dauqvemdebara albaneTis eklesia,


riTac am eklesiis avtokefalia gauqmda. amis Semdeg srulebiT moispo

albanTa eklesiis nacionaluri saxe da is gasomxda. am eklesiis gasomxeba,

kerZod, imiT gamoixata, rom xmarebidan ganidevna albanuri damwerloba,

romlis adgili aq daiWira somxurma anbanma (anu, rac igivea, mesrop maSto-

cis anbanma). aq dainerga somxuri wirva-locvis wesi da alvanTa eklesia

daemorCila `wmida grigoris taxts~, anu dvinis sakaTalikosos somxeTSi.

sruli ufleba gvaqvs, imdroindeli saerTaSoriso situaciidan gamomdinare,

vifiqroT, rom am dros (VI-VII ss.) dampyrobelma imperiebma (sparselebisa

da arabebisam) saqarTvelos im miwa-wyalzec gaavrcela somxuri eklesiis

gavlena, romelic somxeTis mezoblad mdebareobda.

cnobilia, rom berZnul-bizantiuri da somxuri eklesiebi erTmaneTs Seu-

kavSirdnen erekle keisris dros, ufro metic, somxuri eklesiis erTi naw-

ili saerTod SeuerTda berZnul eklesias. kerZod, somxeTis is nawili,

romelic bizantiiis imperiis sazRvrebSi arsebobda. berZnul-somxuri ek-

lesiebis erToba gagrZelebula 85 wels, vidre VIII saukunis dasawyisamde,

rogorc a. kartaSevi wers: _ ̀ somxuri eklesiis nawilis SeerTeba berZnebTan

(sarwmunoebrivad) moxda kaTalikos ezras erTpirovnuli gadawyvetilebiT.

ezra Tavis banakSi gamoiZaxa imperatorma iraklim. aq ezra eziara da

swira, aqve somexTa kaTalikosma gadawyvita SeerTeboda berZnul ierarqias.

ezra cxovrobda somxeTis berZnul nawilSi da ebrZoda mis mowinaaRmdege

kaTalikos qristefores. iraklis mier rwmenis aRmsarebloba mowodebuli

iyo somxebisaTvis misaRebi saxiT.

maSasadame, VII saukunis dasawyisamde berZnul somxeTSi SeiZleba iTqvas,

arsebobda marTlmadidebluri qalkedonuri eklesia. ziarebisas gamoiyene-

boda afuebuli puri da wyalgareuli Rvino (rogorc qarTul eklesiaSi).

cnobilia, rom tao (da mesxeTis zogierTi nawili) politikuri Tval-

sazrisiT VII saukuneSi somxeTis SemadgenlobaSia. taos (da mesxeTis sxva

nawilebs) miiCneven bizantiur somxeTSi Semaval teritoriad, amitomac

taos da mesxeTis zogierT nawilSi bizantiur-somxuri eklesiebis `erTo-

bis~ dros batonobda marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba, oRond aq eklesieb-

Si wirva-locvis dros gamoiyeneboda somxuri ena. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ara

marto berZnul somxeTSi, aramed saerTod somxeTSi, somexTa kaTalikos

eliamde ase Tu ise qalkedonuri sarwmunoeba arsebobda.

somxeTSi 663 wlis Semdeg arabTa Zalaufleba damyarda. somxebma ar

uaryves `unia~ berZnebTan. magram imis Semdeg, rac arabTa xelisuflebasTan

somexma samRvdeloebam daamyara megobruli urTierToba, xolo 681 wels VI

msoflio krebam dagmo monoTelitoba, somxeTma TandaTanobiT gawyvita saek-

lesio urTierToba bizantiasTan, arabTa xelisuflebac amis msurveli iyo.

arabebTan axlo urTierToba daamyares somexTa kaTalikosebma sahak III

Zoraforecma (677-703); ilia (elia) I-ma (703-717); hovhanes oZnecma (717-728).


swored maT dros somxurma eklesiam uaryo erToba berZnul eklesiasTan

da sabolood daubrunda monofizitobas.

kaTalikos sahak III-s arabTa sardali Sehpirebia `...Sevasruleb da gava-

keTeb yovelives, rasac werilSi iTxov Cemgan da dae, Seni RvTisnieri

locva-kurTxeva aRsruldes Cems mimarT~. sahak kaTalikosis Tanmxlebma

pirebma arabi sardlis `werilobiTi fici wamoiRes da dabrundnen somexTa

qveyanaSi~. somxebma irwmunes es fici da `amis Semdeg monuri morCilebiT

emsaxurebodnen ismaitelebs~, _ wers istorikosi Revondi.34

cnobilia, arabTa mxardaWeriT Tu rogor sastikad dasaja somexTa kaTa-

likosma eliam albaneTis avtokefaluri eklesia da misi kaTalikosi bizan-

tiuri orientaciis gamo.

elias Semdgomi kaTalikosi hovhanesic arabTaTvis sasurveli kacia.

TviT arabTa xalifam masTan xelSekruleba dado. arabebma somxuri eklesi-

is saxiT dasayrdeni SeiZines somxeTsa da dapyrobil amierkavkasiaSi. ara-

bebs iseTi kargi urTierToba hqondaT somex samRvdeloebasTan, rom leg-

endac ki Seqmnila, TiTqosda TviT winaswarmetyvel muhameds daudevs xe-

lSekruleba somxebTan.

`hovhanesi Turme imdeni uqiaT xalifa omar II-saTvis (717-720), rom mas

saocrad mondomebia exila es sakvirveli pirovneba da TavisTan miewvia

kidec... kaTalikosma sTxova xalifas, rom somexTaTvis rwmenis Tavisufleba

mieniWebina da gadasaxadi ar moeTxova somxuri eklesiisaTvis. xalifam

daakmayofila hovhanesis Txovna, riTac arabTa xelisufleba dasayrdens

iZenda somxeTSi... somexTa Soris bolo xanebamde SemorCenilia gadmoceme-

bi arabTa mfarvelobiT hovhanes oZnecis brZolis Taobaze qalkedoniano-

bisa da bizantiis winaaRmdeg... erTi somxuri Tqmulebis mixedviT, viTomc

TviT islamis fuZemdebels, winaswarmetyvel muhameds daudvia xelSekruleba

somxebTan, romliTac rwmenis Tavisufleba miuniWebia maTTvis, amasTanave

mRvdlebi, aznaurebi da mxedrebic gauTavisuflebia gadasaxadebisagan. ar-

abebTan zavis dasamyareblad wasul somexTa zemoxsenebul kaTalikos sa-

hak III-s, TiTqos xelT hqonda aRniSnuli xelSekruleba~.35

arabebi gansakuTrebiT devnidnen qarTvel mefeTa samefo saxls. dasces

igi, xolo amave dros somxeTSi mefoba aRadgines. `matiane qarTlisaAs~

Tanaxmad, romelic cnobilia, rogorc umetes SemTxvevaSi sinamdvilis sima-

rTliT aRmweri Txzuleba, arabebi devnidnen xosroian-gorgaslianTa qarTul

samefo saxls. _ `xolo amieriTgan iwyo Semcirebad mefobaman didTa mefe-

Ta xuasroanTman. pirvelad, ufleba sarkinozTa gandidna da mierTagan

mieca yoveli ese qveyana JamiTi-Jamad rbevasa da oxrebasa. meored iqna

simravle mTavarTa qveyanasa qarTlisasa da Seeria brZola, iqmnes mter

urTierTs da ukeTu vinme gamoCndis SvilTa Soris vaxtangisTa, romelimca

Rirs iyo mefed, iqmnis Semcirebul sarkinozTagan. rameTu daipyres qalaqi


tfilisi agarianTa, Seqmnes saxlad sayofelad Tvisad, miiRebdes xarksa

qveyanasa amisgan, romelsa hqvian xaraja, rameTu gangebiTa RmrTisaTa sim-

ravlisaTvis codvaTa CvenTasa gandidna naTesavi agarianTa~.36

qarTveli mefeebis gandevnisa da samefo saxlis ganadgurebis Semdeg

arabebma somexi mefe aSot I cnes qarTvelTa mefedac. aSot I da misi

memkvidreebi wyaroebSi ixsenieba rogorc `somexTa da qarTvelTa mefeebad~.

aSot erkaTi somexTa da qarTvelTa SahinSahis tituliTac ixsenieba.

somexi mefeebi, romelnic arabebma `qarTvelTa mefeebadac~ gamoacxades,

ar cnes kaxeTis, dasavleT saqarTvelos da tao-klarjeTis qarTvelebma. am

somex mefeebs xeli miuwvdebodaT mxolod Sida da qvemo qarTlze IX-X

saukuneebSi, XI saukunis dasawyisSic. xolo qvemo qarTlSic saerTod Seiqmna

somxuri, e.w. kvirikinTa samefo.

saqarTvelos centrSi qvemo da Sida qarTlSi somxurma eklesiam gavle-

na moipova, gansakuTrebiT qvemo qarTlSi. swored saqarTvelos gulSi

qarTuli eklesiis gavlenis Sesustebis dros, qarTvelebma igrZnes, rom

qarTveli xalxis gamaerTianebeli Zala iyo qarTuli eklesia. amitomac

qarTvelebi tao-klarjeTSi, dasavleT saqarTvelosa da hereTSi mWidrod

erTiandebian qarTuli eklesiis irgvliv. taosa da mimdebare provinciebis

qarTveloba VIII saukunis Semdeg, dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTveloba VIII-

X saukuneebSi da hereTis qarTveloba X saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis

erTguli mrevli xdeba. amave dros ki swored saqarTvelos gulSi, Sida da

qvemo qarTlSi, xeli naklebad miuwvdeba qarTul eklesias, aq somxuri

eklesiis (gansakuTrebiT qvemo qarTlSi) gavlena vrceldeba arabTa xe-

lSewyobiT.

`bizantiis sazRvarze, e.w. sasazRvro zonaSi, saxelmwifos yuradReba up-

irvelesad sam qveyanazea mipyrobili. esenia: asureTi, ufro sworad, misi

Crdilo nawili, zemo SuamdinareTi (jazira) da somxeTi _ amis gamo saxal-

ifo xelisufleba yoveli RoniT cdilobda somxeTSi Tavisi Zalauflebis

ganmtkicebas. somxeTis eklesiisa Tu saero zedafenis erTi nawilis saxiT

SedarebiT saimedo dasayrdeni gaiCina. amgvari viTarebis Sedegia, rom

somexi bagratunebi xSirad saxalifos keTilganwyobilebiT sargeblobdnen

da maTi Zalauflebac TandaTan mtkicdeboda somxeTSi... swored amgvar

pirobebSi moxda, rom saxalifos nebiTa Tu TanxmobiT somxeTis mTavari

aSot I jer 862 wels somxeTis mTavarTa-mTavari gaxda, xolo 884/85 wels

aRdgenil iqna V s-is pirvel mesamedSi (428 w.) gauqmebuli, dacemuli

somxeTis samefo. saxalifos nebarTviT aRdgenili somxeTis samefos taxtze

igive aSot I aiyvanes... xalifebi somex xelisufalTa gamoyenebiT, maTi

meSveobiTac apirebdnen somxeTSi arsebul, centraluri xelisuflebisagan

gandgomis mosurne arabuli saamiroebis daqvemdebarebas. vfiqrobT, swored

ase unda gavigoT is faqti, rom aSot I-is xelisuflebas saxalifos nebiT


unda damorCilebodnen istoriuli somxeTis teritoriaze mdebare arabu-

li saamiroebic... aseT viTarebaSi savsebiT mosalodnelia, saxalifo kars

somexTa xelisufali aSot I qarTlis mTavradac ecno. marTlac, rogorc

zemoT aRvniSneT, aSot I SedarebiT mogviano xanis somxur wyaroebSi ixse-

nieba ara marto somexTa, aramed ̀ somexTa da qarTvelTa mTavarTa-mTavrad~.

aseve aSot I da misi memkvidreebi somxur wyaroebSive ̀ somexTa da qarTvelTa

mefeebad~ iwodebian. dReisaTvis araerTi mkvlevaria im azrisa, rom ̀ somex-

Ta da qarTvelTa mTavarTa mTavris~ tituli aSot I-s swored xalifam

uwyaloba. aseve, 922 wels xalifas unda eboZebina somexTa mefe aSot

erkaTisTvis ara marto somexTa, aramed ̀ somexTa da qarTvelTa SahinSahis~

tituli... rac 862 wels aSot I-s saxalifom `mTavarTa mTavris~ tituli

uboZa, misTvis qarTlze meTvalyureobac unda miendo... radgan xalifebma

somex xelisufalTa gamoyenebac scades somxeTis orguli amirebis dasaqvem-

debareblad, bunebrivia, Tbilisis saamirosa da sazogadod ̀ mourjulebel~

qarTlze aSot I-isTvis daekisrebinaT Tvalyuris devneba... arc aSot I-s da

mis memkvidreebs ar SeswevdaT Zala mTeli qarTlis dasamorCileblad,

Tumca, am mimarTulebiT maT erTgvar warmatebas mainc miaRwies. somexma

mefeebma SesZles esargeblaT qarTvel xelisufalTa Soris arsebuli winaaRm-

degobiT, kerZod, guram mamfalis saxlis ganadgurebiT, agreTve Tbilisis

amirebis sisustiT da TandaTan qvemo qarTlis mniSvnelovani nawili

daisakuTres. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom arabTa batonobis Sesustebis Jams

somxeTi TiTqmis erTian qveyanas, erTian saxelmwifos warmoadgenda~.37

Tu Tbilisis saamiro da qvemo qarTli somex mefeebs daemorCila, maT

qarTlis umetes nawilzec (igulisxmeba Sida qarTli) gavlena eqnebodaT.

Cans, am mizeziTac iyo gamowveuli is, rom kaxeTis, egris-afxazeTis Tu tao-

klarjeTis konsolidaciisa da am kuTxeebSi centralizebuli qarTuli sax-

elmwifoebrivi erTeulebis gaCenis Semdeg Sida qarTli kvlav daSlil-

dayofili iyo ramdenime sagvareulos Soris, xolo qvemo qarTlSi saerTod

qarTul-erovnuli mmarTvelobiTi institutis nacvlad somxur-qarTuli samefo

warmoiqmna (qarTuli imdenad, ramdenadac am kuTxis mosaxleoba eTnikurad

qarTvelebs warmoadgenda, grigorianuli sarwmunoebis mqones anu ̀ somxebs~).

somxeTis samefos aRdgenis Semdeg somex mefeTa mTel samflobeloSi

vrceldeba ̀ somxuri sarwmunoeba~. aRsaniSnavia, rom TviT arabi mmarTvelebic

ki xels uwyobdnen somxuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebas. im mizezis gamo, rom

qvemo qarTli somexi mefeebis xelqveiT moeqca, aq intensiurad vrceldeba

grigorianoba. somex istorikos drasxanakertcs daculi hqonda cnoba, rom-

lis Tanaxmadac, erTi arabi rjulismoZRvari amxelda, Turme arab mmarTv-

els somxuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebis xelSewyobis saqmeSi. erTi mahmadi-

ani rjulis moZRvari Turme ase mimarTavda arab mmarTvels: ganZis guli-

saTvis somex qristianTa `moZRvrebis gavrcelebas ratom uwyob xels?~38


somex mefeebs, romelTac `somexTa da qarTvelTa SahinSahis~ tituli

hqondaT arabTagan miRebuli, albaT, xeli unda SeewyoT maTi gavlenis

sferoSi moqceuli mezobeli qveynebis, maT Soris, Sida da qvemo qarTlSi

`somxuri sarwmunoebis~ gavrcelebisa da qalkedonuri, anu `qarTuli sar-

wmunoebis~ devnisaTvis.

`naTelia, rom somexi mefe-mTavrebi Tu somxuri eklesiis mesveurebi

qrTamiT bevr rames aRwevdnen arabTa xelisuflebasTan. am saSualebiT

`somxuri qristianobis~ (grigorianobis) gavrcelebasac ki axerxebdnen me-

zobel mxareebSi. vfiqrobT, SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT, rom aSot I-ma da

misma memkvidreebma _ sumbat I-ma da aSot II erkaTma aramarto somexTa,

aramed `somexTa da qarTvelTa mTavarTa mTavrisa~ Tu mefis, anda SahinSa-

his titulebi rom miiRes arabTagan, aSot I-s arabebma rom miandes meTvaly-

ureoba qarTlzec, xsenebul somex xelisufalT am saqmeSic unda daxmare-

bodaT qrTami, Zvirfasi saCuqrebi, saxalifos karis moqrTamva, mosyidva.

sxvaTa Soris, aSot I-s 862 wels `mTavarTa mTavris~ tituli somxeTis

arabi mmarTvelis, warmoSobiT somexi ali ibn iahia al-armanis xalifas

winaSe SuamdgomlobiT mieniWa... imis gamo, rom bagratunebi mTel kavkasiaSi

gabatonebaze ocnebobdnen, isini am mimarTulebiT pirvel rigSi qarTlis

daqvemdebarebaze fiqrobdnen, rameTu qarTli ara marto saqarTvelos guls,

aramed mTeli kavkasiis bunebriv centrsac warmoadgenda... sakuTriv qarTlSi

Zlieri qarTuli politikuri erTeuli arc IX saukunis dasasrulisaTvis

da arc momdevno xanebSi ar arsebobda, calkeuli qarTuli samefo-samTavroe-

bic erTmaneTs ebrZodnen pirvelobisaTvis da TiTqmis erTiani somxeTis

mefeebma, somexma bagratunebma, rogorc ukve iTqva, moaxerxes droebiT es-

argeblaT amiT, IX-X saukuneTa mijnaze somexTa mefe pretenzias rom acxa-

debda TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloze, saxeldobr, qarTlsa da darialzec, amis

Sesaxeb araerTi cnoba moipoveba drasxanakertcis `somxeTis istoriaSi~...

`...am dros egrisis mefem konstantinem... Sekriba jari da gaemarTa... raTa

gugarTa qveyana da alanTa karis axlos mcxovrebi mosaxleoba erTxelve

Tavis xelqveiT daemorCilebina, radgan es xalxi sumbat mefes hyavda damor-

Cilebuli da xelqveiTad qceuli~...39

drasxanakertci gugars uwodebs mTel qarTls.40 misi azriT, somxeTs

emezoblebian Semdegi xalxebi _ berZnebi, egriselebi, gugarelebi da utiele-

bi.41 utielebi alvanelebi iyvnen, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelebs (Sida

da qvemo qarTlis mosaxleobas) ki gugarelebs uwodebs.

gugarTa qveyana, misi azriT, somxeTis mefes emorCileba. gugarelebi, (anu

mTeli aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba, qarTvelebi) somexi mefis xe-

lqveiTia, maTze araviTari ufleba ara aqvs egris-afxazeTis mefes _ ase

fiqrobs es istorikosi, romelic somxuri eklesiis meTauri _ kaTalikosi iyo.

somexTa am kaTalikoss, cxadia, miaCnia, rom mas, iseve rogorc somexTa

mefes, sruli ufleba aqvs mTel aRmosavleT saqarTveloze. Cans, es qveyana

Tavis samwysod miaCnda.


swored aseTi Tvalsazrisi edo safuZvlad somxur eklesias, roca is

qarTuli eklesiis daqvemdebarebaze pretenzias acxadebda.

`sazogadod, somxuri eklesiis didi pretenziebi mecnierebisaTvis kar-

gadaa cnobili. marTalia, somxuri eklesiis mesveurTa miswrafebebs, ierar-

qiulad somxurisadmi daeqvemdebarebinaT qarTuli eklesiac, praqtikulad

TiTqmis araviTari Sedegi ar mohyolia, magram Sexla-Semoxla saukuneebis

manZilze grZeldeboda. drodadro qarTul-somxuri eklesiebis urTierTo-

ba metismetad, ukiduresobamde mwvavdeboda. qarTlis mimarT somxuri ek-

lesiis pretenziebis `dasasabuTeblad~ somxur garemoSi araerTi legenda

warmoiqmna.

somxuri eklesia qarTuli eklesiis daqvemdebarebaze pretenzias ste-

fane mtbevaris xanaSic acxadebda, maSin, rodesac qarTuli eklesia aSkar-

ad aRmavlobis, gaZlierebis gzaze idga.42 _ `somxuri eklesiis didi pre-

tenziebi adridanve dasturdeba mas Semdeg, rac VII saukunis damdegs

qarTul-somxur eklesiebs Soris ganxeTqileba moxda, qarTuli eklesia

TandaTan mWidrod daukavSirda bizantias, berZnul eklesias, xolo somx-

uri eklesia kvlavindeburad da kidev ufro mkveTrad dapirispirebuli

aRmoCnda bizantiis eklesiasTan. sasanidTa iranis msgavsad, arabTa xelisu-

flebam ganizraxa esargebla amiT da somxuri eklesia Tavis Tanamdgomad

eqcia bizantiis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi~.43

a. abdalaZe wers: _ `sxvaTa Soris, IX saukunesa da X saukunis naxevar-

Sic ki SeimCneva somxuri eklesiis erTgvari pretenzia ara marto mTels

amierkavkasiaze, aramed Crdilo kavkasiazec~.44

Sida da qvemo qarTlisaTvis brZolisas, qarTvel xelisufalTa da somex

mefeTa Soris, cxadia, qarTuli eklesia qarTvel xelisufalTa mxares iyo,

radganac somexi mefeebis gabatonebas qarTlSi Sedegad mohyveboda qarTu-

li eklesiis an ganadgureba, anda somxuri eklesiisadmi daqvemdebareba am

kuTxeSi. nawilobriv es asec moxda, qvemo qarTlSi somex mefeTa gabatoneb-

is Semdeg adgilobrivi mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleoba somxuri eklesiis

mrevlad iqca.

`somex bagratun da lixsiqeTis mefeebs Soris qarTlisaTvis gaCaRebul

brZolaSi qarTvelTa kaTalikosebi, mcxeTis sakaTalikoso taxti, ra Tqma

unda, lixsiqeTis mefeebs dauWerda mxars, xolo somexTa mefeebs, rac ki

SeeZlo, yovelgvari saSualebiT aRudgeboda win, rasac didi mniSvneloba

unda hqonoda brZolis bedis lixsiqeTis mefeebis sasargeblod gadawyveti-

saTvis. sxva rom ara iyos ra, qarTlSi somex bagratunTa SemoWras mohyvebo-

da mTeli kavkasiis mimarT didi pretenziebis mqone somxuri eklesiis

gaZliereba, misi SemoRweva qarTlis olqebSi, rac qarTuli eklesiis Tavka-

cebs aramc da aramc ar endomebodaT. ...somexTa mefeebTan WidilSi qarTuli

eklesia uyoymanod unda damdgariyo lixsiqeTis mefeebis mxareze...45


SeiZleba gamoiTqvas mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom SesaZloa, IX-X saukune-

Ta periodSi qarTlis (mcxeTis) kaTalikosi ijda ara mcxeTaSi (qalaqSi),

aramed jer guaram mamfalis ̀ samamfloSi~, xolo Semdgom daviT kurapala-

tis `qarTvelTa samefoSi~. SeiZleba sakaTalikoso kari droebiT, gansa-

kuTrebuli viTarebis gamo qalaq mcxeTaSi ar imyofeboda, Tumca ki mainc

kaTalikoss `mcxeTeli mamamTavris~ tituli hqonda, mcxeTas uSualod eme-

zobleboda Tbilisis saamiro. am saamiroze ufleba, rogorc zemoT iyo

naTqvami, miniWebuli hqondaT somexTa mefeebs. saerTod, mTel qarTlze somexi

mefeebi (da eklesia) pretenzias acxadebdnen. aseve, mcxeTis uSualo mezo-

beli hereTic, somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi iyo moqceuli. grigol

xanZTelis cxovrebidan Cans, rom mis dros qarTuli eklesiis kreba, romel-

sac mravali episkoposi eswreboda, Catarda ara mcxeTaSi, aramed javaxeT-

Si. am krebas axali kaTalikosi unda gamoerCia da taxtze daesva, amitomac

mosalodneli iyo am krebis mcxeTaSi, anu sakaTalikoso qalaqSi Catareba,

magram mcxeTel kaTalikoss javaxeTSi irCeven. saqme is unda yofiliyo,

rom IX saukuneSi qarTlis samxreT miwebze arsebobda politikur-adminis-

traciuli erTeuli samamflos saxelwodebiT. samamflo moicavda samcxes,

javaxeTs, TrialeTs, artaans, taSirs da abocs. samamflos damaarsebeli iyo

aSot didi kurapalatis Ze _ guaram mamfali. guaramis sikvdilis Semdeg

(882 w.) samamfloc daiSala da misi erTi nawili gasomxda. swored am

samamfloSi unda yofiliyo gadasuli mcxeTis kaTalikosi arab-somexTa

Tbilisisaken moZalebis Jams guaram mamfalis dros. amas TiTqosda miu-

TiTebs is, rom giorgi merCules mier mocemuli cnobis Tanaxmad, mcxeTis

kaTalikosis arCeva-dadgenaSi swored upiratesad samcxisa da javaxeTis

(anu samamfloSi Semavali provinciebi) eriskacni da samRvdeloni monawi-

leoben. agreTve monawileobda guaram mamfali, romelsac giorgi merCule

did mamfals da did xelmwifes uwodebda. samcxe da TrialeTi samamflos

ZiriTadi olqebi iyo. guaram mamfali gansakuTrebul yuradRebas rom aqcevda

samcxes, iqidanac Cans, rom aq augia cixeebi _ oZrxe, jvaris cixe da

lomsianTa. mcxeTeli kaTalikosis karis droebiT samamfloSi yofnas Sei-

Zleba miuTiTebdes is, rom `samcxis ers~ da samcxel xelisufal mirians

Zala SeswevT daadginon axali kaTalikosi. giorgi merCule wers... `aramed

qarTlisa episkoposni mirvani arsenis mamisaTvis friad gulwyebul iyvnes

amis mizezisaTvis, rameTu Tvinier ganzraxvisa maTsa mZlavr samcxisa eri-

Ta ZeA Tvisi daadgina kaTalikosad TandgomiTa da kurTxeviTa mciredTa

episkoposTaATa~.46

guaram mamfals ki surda, samcxisve episkoposi efrem mawyvereli daedg-

ina kaTalikosad. orive sakaTalikoso kandidati efremica da arsenic, sam-

cxelebi arian. `didi efrem uwinares mravliT wliT arsenisa iqna episko-

pos awyurisa saydarsa ̀ samcxes~,47 magram ̀ samcxis eris mZlavrobiT sakaTal-


ikoso taxtze ukve auyvaniaT arseni, arsenis mamis, mirvan samcxeli xel-

isuflis survilis Tanaxmad. guaram mamfals surda gadaeyenebina sakaTa-

likoso taxtidan arseni da mis magier efremi daedgina. am mizezis gamo, is

unda cdiliyo saeklesio kreba (romelsac ufleba hqonda amgvari moqmede-

bisa) Caetarebina rac SeiZleba samcxedan Sors, raTa `samcxis ers~ ar

hqonoda krebaze zemoqmedebis saSualeba. marTlac, krebas iwveven javaxeT-

Si. ratom ar iwveven krebas mcxeTaSi an sxvagan? Cans, swored imis gamo,

rom samamflo aris is politikuri olqi, sadac Tavisufalad moqmedebs

qarTuli eklesia. Cans, mcxeTaSi, Sida qarTlsa da sxva kuTxeebSi arab-

somexTa mZlavrobis gamo qarTuli eklesia Tavisuflad ver moqmedebs.

cnobilia, rom VIII saukunis Sua wlebSi mcxeTa ise iyo dangreuli, rom iq

arCil mefe ver dajda egrisidan dabrunebis Semdeg. _ `xolo garyvnili

iyo sayofelad mcxeTa. gardamovida arCil egrisiT da dajda nacixarsa

xidrisasa~.48 mcxeTaze ukeTesi samyofeli xidris nacixari yofila, sadac

arCili dajda, magram, Cans, aqac yofna SeuZlebeli iyo da is kaxeTSi

gadavida, Tumca mainc awames. SeiZleba imis Semdeg, rac qarTlis erismTavrebma

(bagrationebma) datoves Sida qarTli da miaSures samxreT saqarTvelos,

kaTalikosis taxtic droebiT maT gahyva. albaT amitomacaa, rom guaram

mamfali Tavis qveyanaSi iwvevs saeklesio krebas `da swrafad brZana

Sekreba episkoposTa da udabnoAsa mamaTa. da yovelni Semokrebs javax-

eTs...~ (aRsaniSnavia, rom klarjeTSi am dros saeklesio mSenebloba mim-

dinareobda, romelic dasrulebuli ar iyo. mcxeTaSi mogvianebiT patriarq

melqisedeks aRudgenia taZari da qalaqi (X saukunis bolos da XI sauku-

nis dasawyisSi).49 es imas ar niSnavs, rom qarTul eklesias aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi realuri Zalaufleba ar hqonda, magram radganac es mxare

am dros iyo Zalze xSiri omebis asparezi arab-somexTa da qarTvelTa

(afxaz, tao-klarjel da kaxel mflobelTa) Soris. amitomac SeiZleba

sakaTalikoso kari samamfloSi iyo, xolo samamflos daSlis Semdeg kaTa-

likosi SeiZleba tao-klarjeTSi daviT kurapalatis karze imyofeboda.

iahia antioqieli wers: daviT kurapalatma elCad berZenTa imperatorTan

kaTalikosi gaagzavnao.

Cven zemoT moyvaniliT mxolod imis Tqma gvsurda, rom qarTuli eklesi-

is centri ise dasustebuli iyo arab-somexTa Sida da qvemo qarTlze

batonobisas, rom mas araviTari Zala ar Seswevda qarTuli qristianoba

gaevrcelebina hereTSi, dasavleT saqarTvelosa da taoSi da es mxareebi

qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia. magram radganac centris amg-

vari krizisuli yofis drosac ki qarTuli qristianoba mainc gaZlierda

hereTSi, dasavleT saqarTvelosa da taoSi, gviCvenebs, rom am provinciebSi

qarTulma eklesiam gaimarjva ara garedan Zaldataneba-iZulebis Sedegad,

aramed Sinagani moTxovnilebis ZaliT. magaliTad, qarTuli eklesiis cen-

trs Zala ar Seswevda hereTis vrceli mxare moeqcia qalkedonitobaze,


magram radganac hereTi gaqalkedonitda, miuTiTebs, rom es procesi aq iyo

Sinagani moTxovnis Sedegi (e.i. qarTvel xalxTan, qarTul eklesiasTan dab-

runebis moTxovna) da ara garedan Zaldatanebisa. aseve iTqmis taosa da

dasavleT saqarTvelozec. hereTSi, taosa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTul-

ma eklesiam gaimarjva am kuTxeebis adgilobrivi qarTuli mosaxleobis

TviTSegnebisa da TviTSemecnebis gazrdis Sedegad. hereTma da taom uaryves

somxeTis eklesia da daubrundnen deda eklesias (romelic am dros dasus-

tebuli iyo), xolo dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelebma uaryves berZnuli

eklesia da daubrundnen qarTul eklesias.

qarTuli eklesia amiT gaZlierda da is gaZlierda periferiebis dab-

runebis Semdeg. cxadia, hereTisa da taos dakargvam VII-X saukuneebSi

gaaRiziana somxuri eklesia, xolo berZnuli eklesia gaaRiziana dasavleT

saqarTvelos dakargvam (VIII-X saukuneebSi), aman TiTqosda SeakavSira bi-

zantiel-somexi ierarqebi qarTuli eklesiis sawinaaRmdegod. konstanti-

nopolis patriarqs nikoloz mistikoss (901-907, 911-925) werili miuweria

somexTa kaTalikos-patriarqisaTvis:

`...Seni RvTismoyvareobisaTvis vgoneb ar aris gaugebari Cveni gulis

didi wuxili da daunelebeli tkivili somexTa, qarTvelTa da alvanelTa

Sendami rwmunebuli erToblivi samwysosaTvis mware Wiris gamo, romelic

Tavs dagatydaT ismaitel moZaladeTgan. ...aw Tu Tqveni uwmidesoba marTebu-

lad miiCnevs, upirvelesad yovlisa saWiroa... RmerTis mimarT vedreba somexTa,

qarTvelTa da alvanelTa Seni sawymsosaTvis... werili gamougzavneT mag

kurapalatsac (qarTvelTa mefe `adarnases~) da afxazTa meTaursac da

vurCevdiT, rom maT esminaT Tqveni darigeba...~50

xazgasmiT aRsaniSnavia is, rom bizantiis imperia gansaxilvel periodSi

VIII_X saukuneebSi da saerTodac, gacilebiT ufro rbilad da loialu-

rad epyroboda somxur eklesias, vidre erTmorwmune qarTul eklesias.

amis damamtkicebel erT-erT magaliTad gamodgeba imperator basil bul-

garTmmusvrelis damokidebuleba qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebisadmi. mar-

Talia, basili erT periodSi barda skliarosis ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg,

madlobis niSnad ekonomiurad daexmara qarTvel samRvdeloebas, magram

swored mis dros daiwyo bizantiaSi qarTuli eklesiis sawinaaRmdego is

totaluri devna, romelic XI saukunis Sua wlebamde gagrZelda.

qarTuli matianis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mefe giorgi I-is winaaRmdeg

mebrZolma imperatorma basilim cxovelmyofeli jvaric ki dasca miwaze

da SehRaRada _ aRar gcem Tayvans, Tu qarTvelebi damamarcxebeno (ix. sxva

TavebSi). TiTqos amis Semdeg basilim SesZlo qarTvelTa damarcxeba. es

uCvenebs, Tu rogor ukiduresobamde mivida basili qarTul saxelmwifosa

da eklesiasTan brZolisas. maSin, roca somxur eklesiasTan basilis damok-

idebuleba srulebiT gansxvavebulia. saerTod, bizantieli xelisufalni

rbilad da yuradRebiT epyrobodnen somex sasuliero xelisufalT _ `bi-


zantiis xelisufalni zogjer, garkveuli mosazrebiT, somexTa ̀ mamamTavre-

bis~ gulis mogebasac cdilobdnen. ase magaliTad, Tavisi sisastikiT cno-

bili keisari basil II bulgarTmmusvreli (976-1025)... iseTi `yuradRebiT~,

imdenad `Tbilad~ epyroboda somex `mamebs~, rom somxeTSi legendac ki

Seiqmna, TiTqos bizantiis es mrisxane keisari ̀ somxuri sarwmunoebis~ (grigo-

rianobis) aRmsarebeli gamxdara. kirakos ganZakecis sityviT, basili II ̀ iyo

kaci keTilmorwmune, metadre somexi eris mimarT, amitomac uaryo man qalke-

donuri mrwamsi da Cvens (somexTa-a.a) WeSmarit sarwmunoebaze moiqcia~.51

Tu rogori Rrma pativiscemiT epyroboda ara marto bizantiis saero

xelisufleba, aramed sasulieroc ki somxebsa da maT eklesias, iqidanac

Cans, rom `...bizantiaSi gavrcelda patriarq fotiosis (857-867, 877-886)

mier politikuri mosazrebiT SeTxzuli cnobebi keisar basili I-is (867-

886) somex arSakunTagan warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. am Tvalsazriss ar uary-

ofdnen basili I-is memkvidreebi~...52 ufro metic, bizantiis patriarqma fo-

tiosma miswera werili somexTa patriarqs, romelSic fotiosi cnobs somx-

uri eklesiis uzenaesobas CrdiloeTis yvela xalxze (albaT, qarTvelebze)

da scnobs somxuri eklesiis samociqulo uflebebs, `fotiosmac miswera

werili Tavis Tanamedrove somxeTis patriarqs zaqaria I-s (855-876)... fotio-

si cdilobs somexi `mamebis~ gulis mogebas, maT gadabirebas. amis gamo igi

cnobs somxuri eklesiis samociqulo uflebebs, mis uzenaesobas CrdiloeTis

yvela xalxze~.53 faqtobrivad, aseve iqceva bizantiis Semdgomi patriarqi

nikoloz mistikosic~ `...nikoloz mistikossac, imperiis samoqmedo gegmis

Sesabamisad, carieli sityvebiT da ara saqmiT, moCvenebiT, angariSi gauwevia

somxeTis patriarqis, darasxanarketcis pretenziebisaTvis qarTuli eklesi-

is mimarT~.54

maSasadame, X saukuneSic ki, berZenTa da somexTa am patriarqebis dros,

roca qarTuli eklesia uCveulod ganmtkicda da amaRlda sulierad, gaizarda

da gaifarTova iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi, aseTi mdgomareobisasac ki somx-

uri eklesiis meTauri pretenzias acxadebs qarTuli eklesiis mimarT da

am pretenzias, somxur wyaroTa Tanaxmad, bizantiac ki mxars uWers. roca

bizantieli patriarqebi fotiosi (IX s.) Tu nikolozi (X s.) cnoben somx-

uri eklesiis ̀ uzenaesobas CrdiloeTis yvela xalxze~ da aRiareben ̀ somx-

ebs, qarTvelebs da albanelebs~ somxuri eklesiis ̀ samwysod~, amis mizezad

ar unda davasaxeloT mxolod politikuri motivebi, TiTqosda aseT daT-

mobaze bizantia midioda somxeTis advilad dapyrobis mizniT.

sinamdvileSi, am mimarTvebSi, Cans, asaxva hpova im realurma viTarebam,

romelSic imyofeboda rogorc albanelTa, ise qarTvelTa eklesiebis naw-

ili VI-X saukuneebSi.

cxadia, qarTuli eklesia, rogorc mTliani erTeuli, yovelTvis damoukide-

beli da avtokefaluri iyo somxuri eklesiisagan, magram misi sxvadasxva


nawili sxvadasxva saukuneSi eqceoda somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi,

kerZod, VI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis

nawili moeqca somxuri eklesiis gavlenis qveS, VII-IX saukuneebSi qarTuli

eklesiis ganuyofeli nawili hereTi, somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSia.

VII saukuneSi mesxeTi (klarjeTic ki nawilobriv) aseve somxuri eklesiis

gavlenis qveSaa (aq tao, basiani da speric igulisxmeba VI-IX saukuneebSi).

IX saukunidan somxuri eklesia Sida qarTlze iwyebs gavlenis gavrcelebas

da amis gamo qvemo qarTlSi IX-X saukuneebSi saerTod vrceldeba somxuri

sarwmunoeba _ grigorianoba qarTvelTa Soris (e.w. kvirikianTa samefoSi), e.i.

`qarTveldebodnen~ ara somxebi, aramed, piriqiT, qarTvelebi somxdebodnen.

didi mTargmnelebi

giorgi mTawmidelis meSveobiT qarTulma saxelmwifom da eklesiam Ses-

Zles antioqiisa da sxva berZnul sapatriarqoebSi qarTuli eklesiis

avtoritetis amaRleba. daamtkices berZnul wyaroTa Cvenebebis safuZvelze

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis arseboba, aqedan gamomdinareobda qarTu-

li eklesiis faqtobrivad arsebuli sapatriarqo Rirsebis iuridiulad

cnobac. am didi gamarjvebis miRweva SeuZlebeli iqneboda eqvTime, giorgi

da sxva wmida mamebis mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobis gareSe. qarTveli wmida

mamebis mier qarTul enaze intensiuri, umagaliTo, gasaocari masStabis

mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweoba gamowveuli iyo ara wminda literaturuli

interesebiT, aramed mwvave politikur-sarwmunoebrivi garemoebiT.55

saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos Seqmnam X saukunis dasasruls, Semdgom

ki umalve saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarsebam, Zlier gaaRiziana rogorc

bizantiis imperia, aseve berZnuli sapatriarqoebi. bizantiis imperiam omi

gamoucxada saqarTvelos saxelmwifos, romelic 33 weli gagrZelda. bizan-

tiis imperiasTan mebrZoli eri da misi eklesia mwvalebelTa erad da

mwvalebelTa eklesiad gamoacxades, miT umetes, rom qarTulma eklesiam

sapatriarqo eklesiad aRiara Tavisi Tavi. amas Tan daemTxva is garemoebac,

rom berZnuli eklesia im dros ukompromiso brZolas eweoda yvela arab-

erZnuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg da mwvaleblebad acxadebda yvela eklesias,

romelic iotisodena saeklesio praqtikiTac ki gansxvavdeboda berZnuli

eklesiisagan. 1054 wels srulebiT daSordnen erTmaneTs berZnuli marTl-

madidebluri da romis `kaTolike~ eklesiebi. kidev ufro adre, 730-iani

wlebidan somxuri eklesia monofizituri mrwamsis miRebis gamo srulebiT

ganSorebuli iyo qarTul-berZnul-romauli eklesiebisagan. XI saukunis

dasawyisSi bizantiis `marTlmadideblur~ imperiasTan mebrZoli qarTveli

eri mwvalebelTa erad gamocxadda, daiwyo qarTvelebis masobrivi devna

imperiaSi. romel mwvaleblobas abralebdnen berZnebi qarTvelebs _ sarw-

munoebriv erTobas romis ̀ kaTolike~ eklesiasTan, Tu sarwmunoebriv erTo-


bas somxur monofizitur eklesiasTan? berZnebma qarTvelebs wauyenes cru

braldeba, rom qarTuli eklesia Tavisi Sinagani bunebiT, sarwmunoebiT

somxur-monofizituris msgavsia. TvalSi sacemi saeklesio arqiteqturis

msgavsebis garda aRmoCnda, rom Turme liturgikac ar yofila saqarTveloSi

konstantinopoluri da, rac mTavaria, aRmoCnda, rom Zveli qarTuli saekle-

sio wignebi _ biblia, saxareba, saRvTismetyvelo wignebi Turme somxuri

Sesabamisi wmida wignebis mixedviTaa redaqtirebuli, an somxuri enidanaa

Targmnili. es sruliad sakmarisi sababi aRmoCnda qarTvelebis mwvaleble-

bad gamocxadebisa da qarTuli eklesiis devnisaTvis, radganac monofiz-

itebi, anu `somxebi~ bizantiis imperiaSi mwvaleblebad iwodebodnen da

maTTan yovelgvari saeklesio kavSiri gawyvetili hqondaT.

marTla hqondaT qarTvelebs somxuri enidan Targmnili `wmida werili~,

Tu es ciliswameba iyo berZnebis mxridan? giorgi mciris cnobiT, qarTvelebs

marTlac hqoniaT `wmida werili~ (zogierTi nawili) somxuri Targmanebis

Sesabamisad redaqtirebuli, rac Turme gamousworebiaT eqvTime da giorgi

mTawmidelebs. am cnobas faqtebiT asabuTebs korneli danelia Tavis wignSi

`qarTuli samwerlo enis istoriis sakiTxebi~.

mkvlevarebs bibliis qarTuli Targmanis sxvadasxva wignis sxvadasxva

tipis teqstebi udarebiaT berZnul, somxur da siriul wyaroebTan. bibli-

ologiiT dainteresebul ucxoel qarTvelologebs bibliuri wignebis qarTul

TargmanebSi Warbad gamouvleniaT somxuri elementebi.56 qarTvelologi

moliTori askvnis _ `somxurma versiam mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSa iako-

bis epistolis qarTuli teqstis CamoyalibebaSi... Zveli qarTuli Targmani

Sesrulebulia somxuri dednis mixedviT... yovel mkvlevars Tavisi mtkice-

bisaTvis garkveuli masala hqonia da tendenciurobas vervis mivawerT~.57

zogierTi mkvlevari ase msjelobs: ̀ qarTul TargmanSi armenizmebi uZvele-

si teqstobrivi fenisaa, vidre grecizmebi. ratom? imitom, rom VII saukunis

dasawyisis aqeT, roca saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris saeklesio ganxeT-

qileba moxda, qarTuli TargmanebisaTvis somxuri wyaros gamoyeneba ar

aris savaraudo~.58

`armenizmebi Zvel qarTul redaqciebSi xelSesaxebi da sagrZnobia. somx-

uri wyaros gavlena Cans rogorc frazis konstruqciasa da leqsikur-

derivaciul Tu gramatikul kalkebSi, aseve zogierTi sakuTari saxelis

formaSi~,59 _ ̀ ...teqstobrivi xasiaTis SeniSvnebi, anu glosebi qarTulsa da

somxur Targmanebs erT da imave adgilebze moudiT~.60 `Zvel qarTul re-

daqciebSi aris iseTi sakiTxebi, romlebic ramdenadme Sordeba berZnul

teqsts da uaxlovdeba somxurs~.61

miuxedavad imisa, rom XI saukuneSi ramdenjerme gadaamuSaves bibliuri

wignebi armenizmebis aRmosafxvrelad, XX saukunis mkvlevarTaTvis maTi

arseboba SeumCneveli ar darCa.


ram gamoiwvia armenizmebis gaCena Zvel qarTul redaqciebSi? korneli

danelias daskvna, romelic emyareba rogorc mis mier Catarebul kvleva-

Ziebas, aseve giorgi mcirisa da giorgi mTawmidelis cnobebs, aseTia _ qris-

tianobis miRebis umalve qarTvelebs IV-V saukuneebSi bibliuri wignebi

gadauTargmniaT berZnuli enidan, xolo Semdgom raRac mizezebis gamo ̀ berZnul-

idan momdinare Targmani V-VI saukuneebSi Sejerebul iqna somxurTan~.

bibliuri wignebis Targmnas Zvel dros udides saxelmwifoebriv mniS-

vnelobas aniWebdnen: `cxadia, aseTi udidesi saxelmwifoebrivi movlenis

(qristianizaciis) sayrdenis _ bibliuri wignebis _ nacionalur enaze gad-

moReba metad seriozul da sapasuxismgeblo saqmed iqneboda miCneuli...~62

`...amrigad, IV-V saukuneebis saqarTvelos politikuri, kulturuli da

religiuri kavSiri bizantiur samyarosTan, logikuri aucileblobiT gulisx-

mobs, rom qristianuli religiis qvakuTxedis _ axali aRTqmis _ qarTul

enaze gadmoRebisas berZnuli originali unda yofiliyo gamoyenebuli~63.

mkvlevaris am daskvnas amagrebs literaturul wyaroTa Cveneba _ `X-XI

saukuneebSi bibliuri wignebis Zvelma qarTulma redaqciebma safuZvliani

gadamuSaveba ganicades berZnul wyarosTan maqsimaluri daaxloebis mizniT.

am droisaTvis mwignobarTa SegnebaSi jer kidev cocxalia warmodgena

bibliis Zveli qarTuli Targmanis Rirsebasa da warmomavlobaze~.64 aseTi

cnoba aqvs giorgi mcires _ ̀ pirveliTganve guqondes werilnca da sarwmu-

noebaA WeSmariti da marTali~, magram es cnoba XX saukunis erT mkvlevars

legendad miuCnevia. `ara, giorgi mciris cnoba legenda ki ar aris,

aramed istoriuli viTarebis anarekli da adre arsebuli tradiciuli

azris werilobiTi fiqsacia~.65

`giorgi mcire TviTon ki ar Txzavs am faqts, aramed, arsebiTad, tradici-

ul azrs imeorebs. masze adre giorgi mTwmideli araerTgzis aRniSnavs

bibliuri wignebis pirvandel TargmanTa maRal Rirsebas, rac, ra Tqma unda,

pirvel yovlisa, berZnul wyarosTan siaxlove-Sesatyvisobas gulisxmobs

(am droisaTvis Targmanis Rirsebis sazomad berZnul wyarosTan siaxlove

iTvleba!). giorgi mTawmideli wers: `Cuenni yovelni saxarebani pirveliT-

gan wmidad Targmnilnia da keTilad~, an kidev: ̀ egeviTari Targmani, gareSe

maT pirvelTasa, arRara gamoCinebul ars enasa Cuensa...~.66

`Tu kritikulad SevafasebT giorgi mciris cnobas... pozitiur faqtad

rCeba Semdegi: 1) qarTvelebs qristianobis miRebisTanave hqoniaT Zvel

mTargmnelTa mier gadmoRebuli bibliuri wignebi (`pirveliTganve guqondes

werilnica~); 2) Semdgom, radgan saberZneTi teritoriulad Sors iyo

saqarTvelosagan, saqarTveloSi (Tu saqarTvelos mezoblad) mcxovreb somxebs

qarTvelebisaTvis `mizeziTa wesierebisaATa~, e.i. Targmnis sisworis dacvis

motiviT, SeuTavazebiaT bibliuri wignebis somxuri TargmaniT sargebloba;

3) amis Sedegad, qarTul enaze somxuridan gadmouRiaT zogierTi bibliuri


wigni... bibliuri wignis somxuridan momdinare qarTuli Targmani qro-

nologiurad meoreul, mogviano movlenad aris miCneuli~.67

ra mizezis gamo moxda IV-V saukuneebSi berZnulidan Sesrulebuli

Tavdapirveli Targmanebis Semdgom saukuneebSi Sejereba somxur redaqcie-

bTan, anu ram gamoiwvia qarTul TargmanebSi somxurenovani elementebis,

armenizmebis gaCena?

mkvlevarebi am movlenas ganixilaven ara globaluri masStabiT, imdroin-

deli saerTaSoriso viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aramed miaCniaT saqarTvelosa

da saqarTvelos SigniT momxdari eTnikuri cvlilebebis arekvlad liter-

aturaSi, TiTqosda berZnulidan momdinare ZvelqarTuli Targmanebis somx-

ur redaqciebTan Sejereba moxda `somxuri warmoSobis~ qarTuli wreebis

moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad. `Zveli qarTuli Targmanis somxur

wyarosTan Sejereba Tu somxuridan xelaxla Targmna V-VI saukuneebi-

saTvis ufro safiqrebelia samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos taos TemSi,

sadac somxuri warmoSobis mosaxleobis xvedriTi wona didi iyo~.68

rogori didic ar unda yofiliyo `somxuri warmoSobis qarTuli wreeb-

is~(!) raodenoba da wona qarTvel erSi, maTi moTxovnilebaTa dasakmay-

ofileblad erisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gansakuTrebuli politikuri mniS-

vnelobis mqone bibliur wignebs xelaxla aravin Targmnida. meorec, Tuki

aseT wreebs ar akmayofilebdaT Zveli qarTuli Targmanebi da swunobdnen

maT, SeeZloT ufro `swori TargmanebiT~ dakmayofilebuliyvnen, romelic

ukve arsebobda somxur enaze. magram qarTuli bibliuri da saRvTismetyve-

lo wignebi somxur redaqciebTan Sejerda da xelaxla iTargmna ara viwro

eTnikuri wreebis dakmayofilebisaTvis, aramed sparseTis imperiis nebiT,

meorec, qarTul eklesias somxuridan xelaxla Targmna-Sejereba dasWirda

Tavisi sparsofilobisa da antiberZnulobis dasamtkiceblad _ Seqmnili

politikuri viTarebis gamo.

dapyrobil saqarTveloSi sparseTi berZnuli enis da yovelive berZnu-

lis mimarT gaatarebda iseTive RonisZiebebs, rogoric ramdenime xnis win

somxeTSi. Tu rogor iqceodnen sparselebi somxeTSi IV-V saukuneebSi,

aRwerili aqvs movses xorenacs.

sparselebi ise iqcevian, TiTqosda isini somexTa imdroindel sarwmunoe-

bas _ qriatianobas ki ar devnian, aramed krZalaven maTi mteri saxelmwi-

fos enasa da mwerlobas, e.i. berZnul enasa da berZnul wignebs. sparselebi

wvaven berZnul wignebs, sadac ki waawydebian.

sparseTs Tavis mier dapyrobil somxeTSi berZnuli mwignobroba aukrZa-

lavs da neba daurTavs somxebisaTvis exmaraT mRvdelmsaxurebisaTvis asu-

ruli, an sxva araberZnuli mwignobroba.

`...berZnuli wignebis uqonlobis gamo sahak dids xeli miuyvia asurul-

idan TargmnisaTvis. saqme isaa, rom mehruJanma dawva berZnuli wignebi


mTels Cvens qveyanaSi; amasTanave, somxeTis danawilebisas, sparsTa wil

somxeTSi sparseli moxeleebi aravis rTavdnen berZnuli mwignobrobis

SeTvisebis nebas, mxolod asurulis Seswavla SeiZleboda~.69 amis Semdeg

sahak didi da mesropi bizantiaSi agzavnidnen gamorCeul axalgazrdebs,

raTa gawafuliyvnen berZnul mwignobrobaSi da Sedgomodnen somxur enaze

Targmnasa da weras. male sahak didi daabezRes sparseTis imperatorTan

`...berZenTadmi mimxrobis gamo~.70 sahak dids apatimreben, Semdeg aTavisu-

fleben da aficeben `daifice Seni rjulis mixedviT, rom erTgulad gvem-

saxurebi Cven, ar gacdunebs berZenTa erTmorwmuneobis sicrue da fiqrad

ar gaivleb amboxebas~.71 bizantiidan dabrunebul ganswavlul axalgazrdebs

dapyrobil somxeTSi devnian da aviwroeben berZnulad ganswavlulobis

gamo. `saqme isaa, rom mas Semdeg, rac daeca somex mefeTa taxti (428 w.),

somxeTSi sparsTa xelisuflebam TandaTan fexi mtkiced moikida. bizantiis

imperiisadmi dapirispirebuli iranis Sahis kari im xanebSi somxeTSi mx-

ars uWerda siriuli kulturis gavlenis gavrcelebas berZnulis sawi-

naaRmdegod. siriul kulturas somxeTSi isedac Rrmad hqonda fesvebi

gamdgari da mTavrobis mfarvelobis pirobebSi mas kidev ufro gaeSala

frTebi. amgvar viTarebaSi berZnul civilizacias naziarebi, misi Tayvanism-

cemeli moazrovneni aramcTu aravis undoda, maT devnidnen, aviwroebdnen

kidec~, _ wers mkvlevari al. abdalaZe72 movses xorenacis `somxeTis is-

toriis~ winasityvaobaSi.

rogorc somex mefeTa taxtis dacemis (428 w.), iseve qarTvel mefeTa

taxtis dacemis Semdgom (523 w.), sparseTis imperia dapyrobil qveynebSi

atarebs erTi da igive antibizantiur-antiberZnul politikas. rogorc

somxeTSi ganadgurda da daiwva berZnuli wignebi, ganidevna berZnulad

ganswavluli moazrovneni, igive moxdeboda saqarTveloSic. qarTuli bib-

liuri da wmida wignebi Targmnili iyo berZnuli enidan. VI saukunis

dasawyisSi sparseTis imperia da somxeTis eklesia moiTxovdnen yovelive

berZnulobis kvalis aRmofxvras qarTul TargmanebSi. amisaTvis qarTul

Targmanebs Seudarebdnen somxur Targmanebs da `Seawamebdnen~ masTan, Sea-

sworebdnen somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT, anda xelaxla Targmnidnen somx-

uridan. im dros somxuri eklesia sparsTa dasayrdeni eklesia iyo mTel

aRmosavleTSi. e.i. moxdeboda imis sapirispiro ram, rac moxda XI saukune-

Si. XI saukunis dasawyisSi berZnebma qarTvelebs daswames `mwvalebloba~

imis gamo, rom maTi wmida werili somxuris mixedviT iyo redaqtirebuli

anda somxuridan Targmnili, xolo VI saukunis I naxevarSi qarTvelebs

daswames ̀ mwvalebloba~ imis gamo, rom maTi wmida werili berZnulidan iyo

Targmnili da ara somxuri da siriuli enebidan.

amitomac, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT VI saukunis politikur viTarebas, unda

davaskvnaT, rom bibiliuri wignebis ZvelqarTuli Targmanebis somxurad


redaqtireba moxda ara romelime eTnikuri jgufis moTxovnilebaTa dasak-

mayofileblad saqarTvelos romelime kuTxeSi, aramed saerTod sparseTis-

agan dapyrobil saqarTveloSi. 574 wlis ajanyebis Semdgom aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi qalkedonitebma ganimtkices TavianTi mdgomareoba, xolo ̀ me-

6 saukunis damlevisaTvis ki monofizitebi aq sabolood damarcxdnen~ (saq.

ist., gv. 71); gamodis, rom monofizitebi saqarTveloSi batonobdnen 506

wels somxeTis dedaqalaq dvinSi mowveuli somxeTis, qarTlisa da albane-

Tis eklesiebis saerTo (506 wlis) krebis Semdgom _ 574 wlamde.

TiTqosda 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi Zneli iqneboda mTeli bibliisa da

wmida werilis ZvelqarTuli Targmanebis somxuris mixedviT redaqtireba,

magram XI saukunis ufro mcire periodSi mTeli, ukve arsebuli qarTuli

Targmanebi gadamuSavda berZnuli redaqciebis mixedviT ara erTxel, aramed

samjer. XI saukuneSi qarTul wmida werils uaxlovebdnen berZnuls, raTa

berZnebs, anu bizantiis imperias qarTvelTaTvis `mwvalebloba~ da `biwi~

ar daewamebinaT, aseve VI saukuneSic ramdenjerme gaukeTebdnen redaqcias

qarTul Targmanebs somxur TargmanebTan daaxloebis mizniT, raTa sparse-

Tis dampyrobel imperias da mis wiaRSi arsebul oficialur qristianul

eklesias `mwvalebloba~ da `biwi~ ar daewamebina qarTuli eklesiisaTvis.

safiqrebelia, rom ZvelqarTuli Targmanebis somxuris mixedviT redaqtireba

da somxuridan intensiurad Targmna mimdinareobda ara marto VI saukune-

Si, aramed VII saukuneSic da VIII saukunis dasawyisSic. saqme isaa, rom,

marTalia, 607-609 wlebSi qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebi daSordnen erTma-

neTs, magram herakles mier sparseTis saxelmwifos TiTqmis ganadgurebis

Semdgom, urTierTdamokidebuleba am or eklesias Soris Seicvala. gamar-

jvebulma imperatorma heraklem somxeTSi moiwvia somxuri eklesiis kreba,

romelmac dagmo monofizitoba da aRiara qalkedonuri mrwamsi. mTeli VII

saukunis ganmavlobaSi vidre 723 wlamde, manaskertis krebis mowvevamde,

somxuri eklesia, ZiriTadad, qalkedonuri aRmsareblobisa iyo. qalkedoni-

turi aRmsareblobisa iyo aseve qarTuli eklesia. or moZme qalkedonitur

eklesias Soris aucileblad iqneboda ̀ erToba~ da, aqedan gamomdinare, VII

saukuneSic tradiciulad grZeldeboda VI saukuneSi dawyebuli ZvelqarTuli

Targmanebis somxuris mixedviT redaqtireba da intensiuri Targmna somx-

uri enidan, miT umetes, rom orive es qveyana arabTa mier iyo dapyrobili da

arabebisaTvis yovelive bizantiuri iseve ̀ dasawuni~ iqneboda, rogorc adre

sparselebisaTvis. qarTvelebi iZulebulni iqnebodnen, esargeblaT qarTul-

Tan SedarebiT gacilebiT Rrma da mdidari somxuri saRvTismetyvelo, is-

toriuli da filosofiuri literaturiT. ase gagrZeldeboda vidre 723

wlamde, roca somxuri da qarTuli eklesiebi sabolood daSordnen erTma-

neTs, radganac somxurma eklesiam aSkarad da gadaWriT aRiara monofiz-

ituri mrwamsi. grZeldeboda Tu ara somxuridan Targmna IX-X saukuneebSi?


grZeldeboda, radganac ukve arsebobda Targmnis TiTqmis 250-wliani tradicia.

garda amisa, marTalia, somxurma eklesiam miiRo monofizituri mrwamsi,

magram somxeTsa da danarCen qristianul msoflios Soris kedeli ar

aRmarTula. bizantiis patriarqebi sakmaod Tavazian werilebs weren `erT-

morwmune~ e.i. qristian somxeTis patriarqebs, magaliTad _ patriarqi foti.

somxuri enidan qarTul enaze Targmna gagrZeldeboda im dromde, roca

bizantiis eklesiam `mwvalebloba~ daswama qarTul eklesias somxur ekle-

siasTan urTierTobis gamo. e.i. somxuridan qarTulad Targmna Sewydeboda

X saukunis II naxevarSi. es imas ar niSnavs, rom yoveli Targmani momdinar-

eobda somxuri enidan, piriqiT, qarTvelebs ukve VI saukunis II naxevridan

dauwyiaT brZola somxuri saeklesio morCilebisagan Tavis daRwevis mizniT

da warmatebisTvisac miuRweviaT imave saukuneSi.

`armenizebuli~ qarTuli redaqciebis TiTo nusxiT moRweva Cvens dromde

gasakviri ar aris. XI saukunis Semdgom, roca eklesiam kanonikurad miiRo

eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebis skolidan gamosuli `Targmanebi~, Zveli

redaqciebi aRar gamoiyeneboda eklesiebSi, aRar gadawerdnen, aRar uvlid-

nen _ ufro metic, uaryofdnen rogorc TiTqmis `mwvaleblurs~, amitomac

bunebrivia, aRarc unda moeRwia Cvens dromde.

taos Temi, marTlac, IV-VI saukuneebSi somxuri provincia gaxda, magram

es ar gvaZlevs safuZvels vTqvaT, rom adgilobrivma qarTulma mosaxle-

obam mTlianad daiviwya Tavisi erovneba da gasomxda. piriqiT, Semdgomi VII-

IX saukuneTa tao-klarjeTis mosaxleobis gasaocari ltolva qarTvelo-

bisaken, maT mier ̀ qarTvelTa samefos~ Seqmna, maT mier fanatikuri siyvaru-

li ̀ qarTvelobisadmi~, amtkicebs imas, rom IV-VI saukuneebSi taos mosaxle-

obis didi wili araTu gasomxebula, aramed piriqiT, yovelive somxuri

maTTvis arasasurveli gamxdara da masSi gaRviZebula miZinebuli qarTuli

erovnuli grZnobebi.

TargmanTa Sesaxeb unda iTqvas, rom mosaxleobisaTvis, mrevlisaTvis mniS-

vneloba ara aqvs, saidan iqneba naTargmni saeklesio wignebi, mTavari isaa,

rom maT mSobliur enaze esmaT saxareba Tu samociqulo da teqsti gasagebi

iyos maTTvis. TviT mkvlevarebs, specialistebsac uWirT gaarkvion da daadg-

inon, romeli enidanaa naTargmni teqstebi qarTul enaze, miT umetes, ubralo

mrevlisaTvis. amitomac, taos qarTulenovani mrevlis ̀ somxuri warmoSobis

qarTuli wreebis moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad~ wmida werilis maincd-

amainc somxuridan Targmna raRac gaugebari Cans.

Tu mosaxleobam Tavisi erovneba, somxoba uaryo, miiRo sul sxva _ qarTu-

li ena ̀ qalkedonituri~ aRmsareblobis gamo _ rogorc fiqrobs zogierTi

specialisti _ ratom unda moeTxova qalkedonit mrevls monofizitur

somxur eklesiaSi kanonikurad miCneuli saeklesio wignebis Targmna? gamo-

dis, rom qalkedonitebs kanonikurad miaCndaT monofizitur eklesiaSi miRebu-


li wmida werili, rac SeuZlebelia. amitomac, ZvelqarTuli Targmanebis

somxur wyarosTan Sejereba Tu somxuridan xelaxla Targmna moxda ara

taos TemSi `gaqarTvelebuli~ somxebis dasakmayofileblad, aramed mTli-

anad qarTul eklesiaSi Seqmnili politikuri garemoebis gamo.

qalkedonituri partia yovelTvis arsebobda somxur eklesiaSi. VII sauku-

neSi da VIII saukunis dasawyisSi TviT somexi kaTalikosebi iyvnen qalkedo-

nitebi. somex-qarTvelTa cnobili saeklesio kamaTis dros da Semdgom 607-

609 wlebSi arsebobda damoukidebeli somxuri qalkedonituri eklesia,

romelsac Tavisi kaTalikosi marTavda _ `berZenTa mxares dasves moses

saydris mowinaaRmdege vinme ioan-orbunebiani... romelic abraamis xeldasx-

mis Semdegac mowinaaRmdege darCa~.73 IX saukuneSic somxuri eklesiis Sig-

niT mwvave brZola mimdinareobda monofizitebsa da qalkedonitebs Soris.

ase rom, Tu romelime somexi ar aRiarebda monofizitur eklesias, mas

SeeZlo erovnuli qalkedonituri eklesiis wevrad gamoecxadebina Tavisi

Tavi. erovnuli somxuri qalkedonituri eklesiis centri mdebareobda

bizantiis imperiaSi, istoriul somxeTSi, taosTan axlos, xolo qarTuli

qalkedonituri eklesiis centri taosagan Zlier daSorebiT mcxeTaSi mde-

bareobda. aseT viTarebaSi araTu taos somxebi gaxdebodnen qarTuli qalke-

donituri eklesiis wevrebi, piriqiT, taos qarTvelebi iqceodnen somxur-

qalkedonituri eklesiis wevrebad.

saerTod, araviTari saWiroeba ar arsebobda imisa, rom qalkedoniti somx-

ebi qarTuli eklesiis wevrebi gamxdariyvnen, maT TavianTi erovnuli qalke-

donituri eklesia hqondaT, sakmaod Zlieri da bizantiisagan dafinansebuli.

taos provincias aRmosavleTidan somxeTi esazRvreboda, dasavleTidan _

bizantiis imperia, romelTa dapyrobis obieqtic TiTqmis mudmivad iyo is.

aseT dros somxebis gaqarTveleba taoSi SeuZlebeli iyo. Tu qalkedonito-

bas aRiarebdnen, iqve iyo berZnul-qalkedonituri eklesia, somxur qalke-

doniturs rom Tavi davaneboT. miT umetes, rom tao TviT Sedioda bizantiis

imperiaSi VII-IX saukuneebSi da saxelmwifo ena _ berZnuli ena iq, albaT,

yvelam icoda.

amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom imis Semdeg, rac tao-klarjeTi moeqca bizan-

tiis imperiaSi da amiT gaTavisuflda arabTa politikuri da somexTa ekle-

siuri batonobisagan _ tao-klarjeTis qarTvelebSi xdeba erovnuli grZnobebis

afeTqeba _ Zvelad somex-spars-arabTagan daTrgunvili qarTvelobis aRorZineba,

erovnuli grZnobebis gamoaSkaraveba, rasac Sedegad mohyva iq qarTuli enis,

kulturis ayvaveba da qarTuli erovnuli saxelmwifos Seqmna, maSin, roca

arabTagan dapyrobili qarTli da kaxeTi am mxriv ukan rCebian.

radganac qarTuli biblia da saeklesio wignebi naredaqtirevi, an naT-

argmni aRmoCnda somxuri Sesabamisi wignebis mixedviT, cxadia, qarTul

eklesias VIII saukunis Semdeg aRar daakmayofilebda aseTi Targmanebi,


radganac 726 wlis manaskertis krebis Semdeg somxuri eklesia aSkarad

monofizituri iyo. qarTul eklesias ki ukve monofiziturad miCneuli

somxuri wmida werilis mixedviT naTargmni wignebi aRar daakmayofilebda.

am mdgomareobas unda gamoewvia ucxoeTSi, bizantiis imperiaSi mdebare

qarTuli monastrebis, gansakuTrebiT ki, sabawmidis monastris literatu-

ruli muSaobis gacxoveleba. sabawmidis monastris erT-erTi umTavresi

funqcia iqneboda qarTuli Targmanebis redaqtireba axla ukve berZnuli

redaqciebis mixedviT. am dros, rodesac Zveli V-VI-VII saukuneTa qarTuli

Targmanebi (e.i. bunebrivia, xanmeti teqstebi) udardeboda imdroindel berZnul

redaqciebs, axali qarTuli redaqciis miRebis dros redaqtorebs Zveli

teqstebidan axal teqstebSi zedmeti `xan~-ebi aRar gadahqondaT. Cans, ase

iqna miRebuli `sabawmiduri~ redaqciebi bibliuri teqstebisa. sabawmidaSi

moRvaweoben grigol xanZTelis mowafeebi. sabawmidaSi dawerili `sinuri

mravalTavis~ `...Seqmna ganuzraxavs da sisruleSi mouyvania makari leTe-

Tels~. `rom makari leTeTeli grigol xanZTelis mowafe unda iyos, es

azri pirvelad n. marsa aqvs gamoTqmuli~.74 grigol xanZTels ki orienta-

cia aRebuli hqonda berZnul eklesiaze. is TviTon Cavida da gaecno

konstantinopolSi saeklesio cxovrebas, xolo ierusalimSi mowafeebi hyav-

da da iqidan saeklesio berZnul tipikons iRebda. sabawmidis, ise rogorc

sxva ucxour Tu qarTul monastrebSi, albaT, gacxovelebiT adarebdnen

qarTul teqstebs berZnuls da axdendnen qarTuli teqstis gamarTvas

berZnulis mixedviT. miuxedavad amisa, somxuridan naTargmnobis da re-

daqtirebis kvalis aRmofxvra ver SeZles, Tumca es arc iqneboda saboloo

mizani. mizani iqneboda is, rom qarTuli Targmani damTxveoda berZnul

redaqcias (Cans, Tu qarTuli da berZnuli teqstebi Sinaarsobriv-azrobri-

vad identuri iqneboda, Zvel qarTul teqsts zedmeti ̀ xan~-ebis gamoklebiT

gadaitandnen axal redaqciaSi). redaqtorebis mizani iqneboda ara Zveli

Targmanebis lingvistur-filologiuri kvleva-Zieba, aramed TargmanTa te-

qstis gamarTva berZnul redaqciasTan Sedarebis gziT. Semdgom ki, XI

saukuneSi, qarTuli Targmanebi didi sizustiT dauaxloves berZnuls, miuxe-

davad amisa, rogorc qarTvelTa Soris, ise berZenTa Sorisac yofilan

saeklesio pirebi `mabralobelni~ da `mayvedrebelni~, romlebic swunobd-

nen qarTul Targmanebs im mxriv, rom TiTqosda ar iyvnen identurni

berZnulisa. `...mecnierni berZnulisani mabralobel gueqmnebodes gamouZie-

blad dawerisaTYs sityuaTasa~.75 igulisxmeba berZnulis mcodne qarTvele-

bi, magram yofilan agreTve qarTulis mcodne berZnebi _ `mayvedrebelni~.

`...amas ̀ guayuedrebdes berZennio~. saqme isaa, rom sxvadasxva sityva grigol

RvTismetyvelisa, romelic eqvTimes Tavis dros, unda vifiqroT, cal-calke

uTargmnia, viRacas mere SeuerTebia, meqanikurad gadaubams. es berZnebsac ki

SeuniSnavT da qarTvelebi gaukicxavT aseTi aRrevisaTvis.


`mabraloblebisa~ da ̀ mayvedreblebis~ gamravleba XI saukunis dasawyis-

Si gamoiwvia bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris omma, roca qarTul eklesias

bralad dasdes aramarTlmadidebloba _ mwvalebloba, ris safuZvelsac

berZnebs aZlevda is, rom qarTuli eklesia, miuxedavad imisa, rom qalke-

donitobis mtkice damcveli iyo, mainc gansxvavdeboda bizantiur-berZnuli

eklesiisagan Tavisi nacionalur-qristianuli kulturiT. imis Semdeg, rac

qarTuli eklesia Camoscilda somxur eklesias, `...romelTanac mas akav-

Sirebda erTi da igive saeklesio wesebi, zne-Cveuleba da tradiciebi~,76

qarTvel ers miuCnevia, rom denacionalizaciis saSineli katastrofisagan

Tavis daRwevis gza aris _ `...sakuTari eklesiis frTaTa qveSe nacionalur-

qristianuli kulturis gaRviveba~,77 rasac Sedegad mohyolia VIII-X sauku-

neebSi originaluri saeklesio wesebis mZlavri zrda-ganviTareba: SemuSave-

bula nacionaluri agiografia, ̀ dawesebul iqna wmida qarTuli dResaswaulebi

erovnuli wmidanebisa~.78 qarTvelebs saberZneTis praqtikidan momdinare

msoflio eklesiis dResaswaulebisaTvis ̀ Tavisi erovnuli suli CauberiaT,

ris gamoc Semdegi drois, XI saukunidan, mwerlebs, romelTac maTi war-

moSoba ukve naTlad aRar gaegebodaT, qarTul dResaswaulebad mounaT-

lavT. aseTia, magaliTad jvris dResaswauli aRdgomis meore dRes, ... dResaswau-

li wmida giorgisa 10 noembers..., satfureba ierusalimis taZrisa 13 seqtem-

bers~79 da sxva. am dResaswaulebs am ricxvebSi berZnebi ar dResaswau-

lobdnen, rac iwvevda gaocebas. arsebobda sakuTari qarTuli `wesi da

gangeba saxarebis sakiTxavebisa~ berZnulisagan gansxvavebuli, arsebobda

qarTuli sistema welTaRricxvisa, aseve gansxvavebuli berZnulisagan, ma-

gram yvelaze meti Tavisebureba da `qarTveloba~ Cvens winaprebs am xanaSi

liturgikul mwerlobaSi gamouCeniaT... SeuTxzavT zatiki. am araCveulebrivs,

istoriaSi erTaderT magaliTs, gansakuTrebiT Tavi uCenia X saukuneSi...~80

swored qarTuli eklesiis nacionalur-qristianulma xasiaTma misca sababi

berZnebs mwvaleblebad moenaTlaT qarTvelebi, radgan qarTuli eklesiis

liturgikac ki gansxvavebuli yofila berZnulisagan. `qarTvelebi dadgomian

RvTismsaxurebis sruli gaerovnebis gzas, ara marto enis mxriT, aramed Si-

naarsiTac, magram Semdgomma periodma es mimarTuleba Seayena~.81 qarTuli

RvTismsaxurebis srul gaerovnebas win aRudga bizantiis eklesia imiT, rom

erovnuli niSan-Tvisebebi mwvaleblobad CauTvales qarTul eklesias da monofiz-

it somxur eklesiasTan Zveli kavSiris damadasturebel niSnad miiCnies.

qarTuli eklesiis marTlmadideblobis damtkicebas Tavisi Sroma Sealies XI

saukunis moRvaweebma praqtikuli saqmianobiT _ saeklesio wignebis berZnul-

Tan Sedareba-Sewameba-daaxloebiT. es praqtika qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli

yofila XI saukunemde _ VIII-X saukuneebSi `...berZnulis mixedviT asworeben

Zvel Targmanebs, romelnic somxuri enidan momdinareobdnen. aseTi Sedareba-

Sesworebis gziT warmoiSva ̀ axali Targmani~. am dros unda ekuTvnodes prof.

ak. SaniZis mier aRwerili wvirimis (svaneTSia) X saukunis iadgari~.82


imisaTvis, raTa moespoT berZnebisaTvis sababi qarTvelTa mwvaleblebad

gamocxadebisa, eqvTime, giorgi mTawmidelebi da maTi skola asrulebs Sem-

degi saxis samuSaos `...bibliis manamde arsebul qarTul Targmanebs maqsi-

malurad uaxloeben berZnul wyaros, rom ̀ biwi rame~ ar daswamon maT. sul

raRac naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi bibliuri wignebis Zvelma qarTulma

Targmanma samjer ganicada safuZvliani gadamuSaveba da qarTuli teqstis

berZnulTan daaxloeba aRmavali xaziT warimarTa (giorgi mTawmideli, efrem

mcire, petriwi, iyalToeli)... aseT muSaobas Tavidan mxolod wminda lit-

eraturuli interesebi ki ar gansazRvravda, aramed ufro mwvave poli-

tikur-kulturuli garemoc... es iyo iZulebiTi RonisZieba qarTuli kul-

turis kerebis TviTmyofobis SesanarCuneblad didmpyrobeluri berZnebis

mimZlavrebis Jams... V-XI saukuneebSi qarTul enaSi ar momxdara iseTi

didi masStabis cvilebebi, rom amis gamo XI saukuneSi aucilebeli yofil-

iyo Zvel qarTul TargmanTa redaqciuli gadamuSaveba da enobrivi modern-

izacia... mizani iyo ara Zveli teqstebis enobrivi modernizacia, aramed

maqsimaluri daaxloeba berZnul wyarosTan~.83

aRmoCnda, rom giorgi mTawmideli aris bibliuri wignebis ara mTargmne-

li, am sityvis dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT, aramed redaqtori, romelic Zvel

qarTul Targmanebs, berZenTagan dawunebuls, _ asworebs imdroindeli berZnuli

redaqciebis mixedviT. `giorgi rom bibliur wignebs xelaxla ar Targmnis,

es faqtia, romelsac mxolod danaxva unda da ara mtkiceba... giorgis

redaqciuli kalami arsebiTad Seexo Zveli redaqciebis ara gramatikul,

aramed Sinaarsobriv-stilistur mxares~.84 `giorgis redaqtoruli muSao-

bis mizania, rom Zveli qarTuli redaqciis teqsti ufro dauaxlovos berZnul

wyaros~.85 `...efrem mcire ki giorgis naredaqciev qarTul Targmans kidev

ufro aaxloebs berZnul wyarosTan ara marto Sinaarsis, aramed struqtur-

is, stilis TvalsazrisiTac~,86 `...raTa qarTuli Targmani maqsimalurad

Seesatyvisebodes berZnul wyaros azrobrivadac da enobrivadac~,87 `ma-

gram es xdeba ... qarTuli enis bunebis sawinaaRmdegod~.88

aseT ukiduresobamde qarTveli mTargmnel-redaqtorebis miyvana gamoi-

wvies ̀ mabraloblebma~ da ̀ mayvedreblebma~ TavianTi ciliswamebiT, TiTqos-

da qarTul Targmanebs raRaca monofizituri `biwi~ gaaCnda. qarTvelma

mTargmnel-redaqtorebma mospes sababi qarTuli eklesiis mwvalebelTa ek-

lesiad gamocxadebisa da amiT udidesi saqme Seasrules qarTuli eklesis

avtokefalia-TavisTavadobis saqmeSi.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri redaqcia

CvenSi, Zvels dros, somxuridan uTargmniaT an somxuris mixedviT ureda-

qtirebiaT ara marto wmida werilis erTi nawili, aramed zogierTi saero

wignic. giorgi mcire werda: marTalia, Cven ZvelTaganve gvqonda wmida


werilis SesaniSnavi qarTuli Targmani, magram garkveuli mizezebis gamo

somxebma SeZles Cvens winaprebs somxuris mixedviT xelaxla `eTargmnaT~,

eredaqtirebinaT igio. aseve iTqmis zogierT ZvelqarTul saero wignze.

cnobilia, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali (`ambavi rvaTa ZmaTa~) da

saerTod, `mefeTa cxovreba~ armenofiluri tendenciebis matarebelia da

Zveli somxuri tradiciis gavleniT aris dawerili.89 es miuTiTebs imaze,

rom Zveli qarTuli saistorio Txzulebani garkveul dros, garkveuli

mizezis Sedegad redaqtirebul iqna armenofilebis mier. unda vigulisxmoT,

rom igi armenofiluri TvalsazrisiT redaqtirebul iqna swored im dros,

roca somxuris mixedviT aredaqtirebdnen qarTul wmida werils. somxuris

mixedviT redaqtireba, es iyo saqarTvelosTvis globaluri procesi, romel-

ic moicavda ara marto saeklesio wignebs, aramed, Cans, saerosac.

giorgi mcire wers _ `daRacaTu pirvelTaganve gvqondes werilnica da

sarwmunoeba WeSmariti da marTali, garna qveyana Cveni Sors iyo qveynisa-

gan saberZneTisa. da viTarca Teslni arawmidani Soris Cvensa daTesul

iyvnen borotni igi Teslni somexTani, gularZnilni da manqanani, da amis

mier friad gvevneboda, rameTu naTesavi Cveni wrfeli iyo da umanko, xolo

igini reca mizeziTa wesierebisaTa, reca cdunebad gvazmnobdes, da romeln-

ime wignica gvqondes maTgan Targmnilni~.90

cnobilia, rom imis Semdeg, rac VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebSi somxurma

eklesiam sabolood miiRo monofizituri mrwamsi, qarTuli eklesia sruliad

gaemijna am eklesias. somxurma eklesiamac Tavis mxriv kavSiri gawyvita

bizantiasTan da saerTod, qalkedonitur samyarosTan. wignebi, romelTa Sesaxebac

wers giorgi mcire, SeiZleboda ZiriTadad Targmnil-redaqtirebuliyo VIII

saukunemde. giorgi mcire wers, rom am dromde `pirvelTaganve~ arsebuli

qarTulad Targmnili wignebi, `WeSmariti da marTali~ iyoo. CvenSi qris-

tianoba, rogorc saerTo-saxalxo sarwmunoeba, damkvidrda IV saukunidan.

amitomac unda vigulisxmoT, rom am droidan ukve daiwyeboda kidec qarTul

enaze wmida werilis Targmna. amitomac `pirvelTaganni~ wignebi qarTul

enaze IV-V saukuneebSi berZnulidan unda Targmniliyo da Seqmniliyo wmida

werilis qarTuli redaqcia. swored amis Semdeg iwyeba is procesi, romel-

sac aRSfoTebiT aRwers giorgi mcire. iwyeba `pirvelTagani~ wignebis re-

daqtireba somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT. Tu am movlenis qveda zRvrad

miviCnevT V saukunes, xolo zedad VIII-s, maSin somxuris mixedviT qarTuli

wignebis `Targmna~-redaqtireba mimdinareobda VI-VII saukuneebSi.

marTlac, VI saukune tragikuli iyo qarTveli xalxisaTvis. am dros

daiSala da gauqmda farnavazis mier daarsebuli TiTqmis aTaswlovani

qarTuli saxelmwifo, sparselebma qveyana daipyres. qarTuli eklesiac,

rogorc elinofiluri eklesia, devnili iyo sparsTa mier. samagierod ki,

rogorc cnobilia, somxur eklesias Zalian mowyale TvaliT uyurebdnen


sparseTis Sahebi da Semdeg arabebi. maT is miaCndaT berZnuli eklesiis

sawinaaRmdego realur Zalad. amitomac, somxur eklesias abatonebdnen

sparseTis imperiaSi moqceul amierkavkasiel qristianebze. qarTuli da

albanuri eklesiebi VI saukunis dasawyisSi somxuri eklesiis gavlenis

sferoSi moeqcnen. am dros iwyeba swored qarTuli wmida werilis xelax-

ali redaqtireba somxuris mixedviT _ `mizezisaTa wesierebisaTa~. am pro-

cesis mizani iqneboda elinofiluri Txzulebebi qceuliyo somxofilur

Txzulebebad. saboloo mizani ki iyo _ qarTvelebs bizantiis magier ori-

entacia aeRoT sparseTze. aseTive mdgomareoba gagrZeldeboda VII sauku-

neSic. marTalia, VI saukunis bolos saqarTvelo kvlav gaerTianda da

saxelmwifoebrioba aRsdga, magram erekle keisarma Seaferxa misi gaZliereba.

sparsTa damarcxebis Semdeg, ereklem `unia~ Sekra somxur eklesiasTan da

is kvlav gaabatona. erekle da saerTod bizantia, didi mowiwebiTa da

ridiT epyrobodnen somxur eklesias VII saukuneSi. amitomac VII saukune-

Sic qarTuli wignebis somxuris mixedviT redaqtirebas veraferi daabrkoleb-

da (Cven amis Sesaxeb vwerdiT sxvadasxva TavebSi).

swored am dros VI-IX saukuneebSi sparsTa da arabTa batonobis dros

unda `Targmniliyo~, anu rac igivea redaqtirebuliyo (Zvel qarTulad

`Targmna~ redaqtirebasac aRniSnavda), ukve arsebuli qarTuli saistorio

Txzulebani, kerZod ki, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali, `ambavi qarTvelTa

mefeTani~. marTlac, `mefeTa ambavi~ da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali ise-

Ti armenofiluri tendenciebiT aris gaJRenTili, rom SeuZlebelia aRniSn-

uli saukuneebis garda CvenSi odesme Seqmniliyo pirobebi msgavsi qmedebi-

saTvis, garda XVII-XVIII saukuneebisa.

isini, romelnic aredaqtirebdnen Zvel wignebs, marTlac rom `gularZ-

nilni da manqanani~ yofilan. es kargad Cans `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavl-

idan. aq sxvadasxva xerxebiT (`manqanebiT~) damcrobilia yovelive qarTu-

li. sazogadod miCneulia, rom am nawilis avtori aris leonti mroveli,

rac ase ar unda iyos. qarTuli erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis Semlaxveli

Txzuleba qarTuli saxelmwifos damxobisa da saqarTvelos kulturul

cxovrebaSi ucxoelTa batonobis dros unda Seqmniliyo, xolo Semdeg dros

is, rogorc WeSmariteba (`Zveli ambavi~), gaimeores sxva avtorebma.

„qarTlis cxovrebis“ am redaqciebis mixedviT qarTvelebi arian yvela

erze uborotesni, uwminduri znisani saZageli cxovrebiT mcxovrebni, mkvdris

gvamis mWamelni, amitomac usaflavoni, naTesavTa armcnobni. marTalia, TiTqosda

qarTvelebi aseTni iyvnen aleqsandre makedonelis saqarTveloSi Semosv-

lamde, magram amis Semdegac mainc Wamdnen im kacis gvams, romelsac kerpebs

msxverplad swiravdnen.

am Txzulebis Tanaxmad, zemoT aRniSnulis garda, qarTvelebi samxedro

ZaliTac ise Zlierebi ar arian, rogorc mezobeli somexi xalxi. am xalxis

gavlenis qveS arian da aRiareben kidec im xalxs uzenaesad.


gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, rom „qarTlis cxovrebis“ SesavalSi qarTu-

li enac damcrobilia. es ena TiTqosda axali enaa, ara babilonis godolis

dangrevis dros RvTis mier Seqmnili, rodesac bibliis Tanaxmad Seiqmna

sazogadod yvela ena, aramed TiTqosda qarTuli ena Seqmnilia eqvsi sxva-

dasxva xalxis enebis stiqiuri aRrevis Sedegad, maT Soris somexi xalxis

enis meoxebiTac.

da es yovelive saukuneTa manZilze meordeboda qarTvelTa mTavar saist-

orio wignSi. es gasaocari movlena, marTlac, imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom

`naTesavi Cveni wrfeli iyo da umanko~ _ rogorc giorgi mcire werda.

aRniSnuli koncefcia srulebiT gansxvavdeboda sxvebisagan, magaliTad, TviT

macxovari qarTvel ers `sazepuro~, RvTisagan rCeuls uwodebda `wmida

andrias cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad. amitomac aseTi urTierTgamomricxveli kon-

cefciebi sxvadasxva wyaroebidan momdinareobs da ar aixsneba imiT, TiTqosda

aRniSnuli damamcirebeli siyalbe Seiqmna qristianobis rolis gazrdis

mizniT. qarTvelebi, ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, qarTlosis STamomavle-

bi arian, romelTa Sesaxebac Tavis TxzulebaSi wers leonti mroveli: _

`aqamomdis qarTlosianTa ena somxuri iyo, romelTa zraxvides xolo odes

Semokrbes ese uricxvni naTesavni qarTlsa Sina, maSin qarTvelTaca dau-

teves ena somxuri. da amaT yovelTa naTesavTagan Seiqmna ena qarTuli~.

`...da ipyres sjuli uborotesi yovelTa naTesavTaca, rameTu col-qmrobi-

saTvis ara uCndaT naTesaoba da yovelsa suliersa Wamdes, saflavi ara iyo,

mkudarsa SesWamdes~.91 da Semdeg ̀ ...iyvnen qarTls esreT aRreul ese yovelni

naTesavni da izraxeboda qarTlsa Sina eqvsi ena: somxuri, qarTuli, xaza-

ruli, asuruli, ebrauli da berZnuli. ese enani icodes yovelTa mefeTa

qarTlisaTa, mamaTa da dedaTa~.92

sainteresoa, rom sul ramdenime striqonis Semdeg kvlav meordeba zemoT

moyvanili Tvalsazrisi aleqsandre makedonelTan dakavSirebiT: `aman

aleqsandre daipyrna yovelni kideni qveynisani... movida qarTlad da povna

yovelni qarTvelni uborotes yovelTa naTesavTa sjuliTa, rameTu col-

qmrobisa da siZvisaTvis ara unda naTesaoba, yovelsa suliersa Wamdes,

mkvdarsa SesWamdes, viTarca mxecni da pirutyvni, romelTa qcevisa war-

moTqma uxm ars~.93

aleqsandre makedonelis wasvlis Semdeg qarTvelebs odnav SeucvliaT

Tavisi Cveva _ `da radgan warvida aleqsandre, arRara Wamdes kacsa Tvin-

ier romel Seswirian kerpsa msxverplad~.94

SeiZleboda zemoT moyvanili erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis Semlaxveli cnobebi

qarTvelTa TviTkritikadac migveCnia da raime gamamarTlebeli mizezi mogve-

Zebna, aqve, am cnobebis gverdiT rom ar iyos gasaocari qeba yovelive somxurisa.

`leonti mrovelis~ Txzulebis aRniSnuli nawili mTlianad gaJRenTilia

ideiT, rom somxebi upiratesni arian qarTvelebze, radganac somexTa wina-


pari ufrosobda ara marto qarTvelebs, aramed saerTod kavkasielTa winapre-

bzedac. Targamosis rva vaJiSvils (gmirebs) Soris haosi ufrosi iyo:

`SvidTave gmirTa zeda iyo gamgebel da ufal haos da eseni iyvnen morCil

haosisa~.95

somexTa winapari iseTi Zlieri `devgmiria~, rom is amarcxebs `yoveli

qveynis pirvel mefes~ _ nebroTs.

nebroTis damarcxebis Semdeg haosi gamefda qarTvelTa winaparze da

sxva kavkasielebze _ `maSin haos hyo Tavi Tvisi mefed ZmaTa TvisTa zeda

da sxvaTaca naTesavTa zeda, maxlobelad sazRvarTa misTasa~.96

am TxzulebaSi, rogorc vTqviT, dakninebulia saqarTvelos istoria, ker-

Zod, qarTvelebi jer somxebs emorCilebian, Semdeg xazarebsa da sparselebs,

Semdeg kvlav somxebs, xolo haosi iseTi gmiria, romlis msgavsi arc war-

Rvnamde da arc mis Semdeg ar arsebula. _ `xolo haos umetes gmiri iyo

yovelTasa, rameTu egeviTari araodes yofil iyo arca wylis-rRvnis winaT

da arca Semdgomad taniTa, ZaliTa da simxniTa~.97

farnavaz mefis Semdeg mirianis gamefebamde, am Txzulebis Tanaxmad,

saqarTvelo somexi mefeebis xelTaa _ TiTqmis 600-700 wlis ganmavlobaSi,

amis Sesaxeb a. bogveraZe wers _ `amis Semdeg Targamosianebis, kerZod,

qarTvelebisa da somxebis cxovreba TavTavisi gziT warimarTa. qarTlosi-

anebi jer xazarebis morCilebaSi arian, mere sparselebisa~.

`farnavazis Semdeg, romelmac Seqmna qarTvelTa samefo da `msaxurebda

antioqoss, mefesa asuristanisasa~, samxedro-politikuri upiratesoba, le-

ontis mixedviT, amierkavkasiaSi mTlianad somexi mefeebis xelTaa, romleb-

sac morCilebdnen qarTvelTa mefeebi da qarTvelebi. ase gagrZelda qarTlSi

mirianis gamefebamde. maeJan qarTlis spaspeti sparsTa mier somxeTis mooxre-

bis Semdeg ambobs: `warRebul ars somxeTi, romelsa ekida samefo Cueni~.

`leonti aRar asaxelebs imis mizezs, Tu ram ganapiroba somexTa upirate-

soba qarTlosianebze, magram saeWvo araa, rom misi azriT, amas hqonda is

istoriul-genetikuri safuZveli, romlis ZaliTac haosi Tavis Zmebze jer

`iyo gamgebel da ufal~ da mere `mefe~.98

`leonti mrovels~ qarTvel mefeTa cxovrebis aRweris dros uxvad gamouy-

enebia somxuri masalebi, Tqmulebebi da legendebi, vrclad saubrobs

somxuri enis gansakuTrebul rolze maSin, roca qarTuli ena, rogorc

iTqva, dakninebulia.

a. abdalaZe wers _ ̀ cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTas~ armenofiluri tenden-

cia imiTac unda aixsnas, rom leonti mrovels, garkveuli mizezebis gamo,

mis winaSe dasaxuli miznis gansaxorcieleblad uxvad gamouyenebia somx-

uri masalebi, somxuri Tqmulebebi, legendebi~.99

`leonti sakmaod vrclad saubrobs somxebis Zlierebaze, mis did war-

sulze, somxuri enis gansakuTrebul rolze...~100


cnobilia, rom I-II saukuneebSi saqarTvelo amierkavkasiaSi uZlieresi

saxelmwifo iyo da masTan romis imperiac ki megobrobda. qarTvelTa jars

eWira somxeTi da somxeTis samefo taxtzec arc Tu iSviaTad qarTveli

mefeebi isxdnen. miuxedavad amisa, ̀ leonti mrovels~ am drosac ki saqarTvelo

somxeTze damokidebul qveyanad hyavs gamoyvanili. I saukunis 30-50-ian

wlebTan dakavSirebiT, g. meliqiSvili wers _ `aSkaraa, rom `qarTlis cx-

ovrebis~ monaTxrobs am laSqrobis Sesaxeb somxuri tradicia udevs safuZ-

vlad. amaze miuTiTebs aSkara armenofiluri tendencia, romelic monaTxrobs

wiTel zolad gasdevs... `qarTlis cxovrebac~ I saukunis 70-80-iani wlebis

ambebis gadmocemisas, rogorc vTqviT, agreTve somxur tradicias eyrdnoba.101

g. meliqiSvili wers, I saukunis miwuruls `qarTamis mefobis aRwerisas

qarTuli wyaroebi kvlav Zveli somxuri tradiciidan modian...~102

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ I nawils axasi-

aTebs ori mTavari tendencia:

1. qarTvelTa erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis Selaxva;

2. mkveTrad gamoxatuli da gadaWarbebuli armenofiloba.

am Txzulebis armenofiluri tendencia amJamadac ki uxerxulobas iwvevs.

magaliTad, g. peCs germanulad uTargmnia `qarTlis cxovreba~ Tavisi

armenofiluri cnobebiTa da adgilebiT, rasac SeuZlia ucxoelebs mcdari

warmodgena Seuqmnas Cvens istoriazeo, _ wers al. abdalaZe: _ `raxania

mkvlevarni msjeloben, kamaToben `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Semadgeneli erT-

erTi Txzulebis, `cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTas~ armenofiluri tendenciis

mizezebis Sesaxeb, magram miRebuli Sedegebi, rogorc Cans, samecniero wreebs

ar akmayofilebs. amis dasturad SeiZleba movixmoT axlaxan gamoqveynebu-

li `qarTlis cxovrebis~ g. peCiseuli germanuli Targmanic, rac TavisTa-

vad friad mniSvnelovan movlenas warmoadgens. g. peCisve mier Targman-

isadmi darTul winasityvaobasa da SeniSvnebSi `cxovreba qarTvelTa mefe-

Tas~ armenofiluri tendenciebis kvaldakval araferia naTqvami. komentare-

bis gareSea gadaTargmnili qarTuli teqstis saTanado, armenofiluri ten-

denciis amsaxveli cnobebi Tu adgilebi. am sakiTxze arsebuli arc samecni-

ero literaturaa miTiTebuli, amiT ki saqmeSi Cauxedav ucxoel mkiTxvels,

SesaZloa, mcdari warmodgena Seeqmnas Cvens uZveles istoriaze~.103

aRsaniSnavia, rom Cveni mkvlevarebi, marTalia, didi xania ikvleven aRniS-

nuli Txzulebis rogorc armenofilur, ise qarTvelTa erovnuli Tavmoy-

vareobis Semlaxvel tendenciebs, magram ikvleven ara orive tendencias

erTad _ mTlianobaSi, aramed cal-calke, magaliTad, roca armenofilur

tendenciebs ikvleven, saerTod gverds uqceven da ar exebian qarTvelTa

damamcirebel cnobebs, xolo roca qarTvelTa damamcirebel tendenciebs

ikvleven, armenofilur cnobebs ar ganixilaven. aseTi midgoma xels ar

uwyobs WeSmaritebis dadgenas im mizezis gamo, rom radganac `qarTlis


cxovrebis~ aRniSnuli Txzuleba aris erTi mTliani naSromi, amitomac

mTlianobaSi da urTierTkavSirSi unda iqnas ganxiluli masSi arsebuli

yvela tendencia. es Txzuleba qronikebis ubralo krebuli rom iyos er-

Tiani redaqciis gareSe, maSin, cxadia, cal-calke SeiZleboda yoveli ten-

denciis ganxilva, magram radganac aRiarebulia, rom es Txzuleba aris

erTi avtoris, an yovel SeTxvevaSi erTi redaqtoris mier damuSavebuli,

misi kvlevac erTiani unda iyos.

am Txzulebis (igulisxmeba `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali) avtori (Tu

redaqtori) SemTxveviT srulebiT ar laxavs qarTul erovnul Tavmoyvar-

eobas da ganadidebs yovelive somxurs. es aris avtor-redaqtoris winaswar-

dasaxuli gezi, romelic mtkiced miiswrafis erTi garkveuli miznisaken.

wina TavebSi vwerdiT, rom qarTvelebis armenizacia VI-VII saukuneebSi

mimdinareobda ara marto mesxeTSi, aramed qvemo qarTlSic (gugarqSi); es

procesi mimdinareobda hereTSic. iq mcxovrebi qarTuli mosaxleoba iqca

somxuri eklesiis mrevlad, ris gamoc, maT eklesiebSi Sewyvetili iyo

qarTulenovani msaxureba da danergili iyo somxurenovani. qarTuli ena

gandevnil iqna saeklesio msaxurebidan. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom

eklesia Zvel dros moicavda kulturis yvela sferos, cxadia, qarTuli

enis xmarebidan gandevna qarTuli mosaxleobis guliswyromas gamoiwvevda.

swored am dros, qarTvelTa winaaRmdegobis dacxromis mizniT, albaT, Semu-

Savda kidec Sesabamis wreebSi qarTuli enis damamcirebeli Teoria (romelic

gadmotanilia `qarTlis cxovrebis~ SesavalSi) da gavrcelda.

magaliTad, kerZod, aq enis Sesaxeb naTqvamia, rom qarTvelebis ena Tavda-

pirvelad ara qarTuli, aramed somxuri ena iyo. qarTvelebma imis Semdeg

daanebes Tavi somxur enaze laparaks, rac SemuSavda qarTuli ena. qarTu-

li ena, am Teoriis Tanaxmad, ase Seqmnila _ saqarTveloSi cxovrobdnen

qarTvelebi (somxuri salaparako eniT), berZnebi, somxebi, ebraelebi, xazare-

bi, asurelebi da sxvebi. Semdeg am xalxebis enaTa aRrevis Sedegad Seiqmna

qarTuli ena. qarTuli enis Seqmnis Semdeg qarTvelebma miatoves somxur

enaze laparaki da daiwyes qarTuli: ̀ aqamomdis qarTlosianTa ena somxuri

iyo, romelsa zraxvdes, xolo odes Semokrbes ese uricxvni naTesavni qarTlsa

Sina, maSin qarTvelTaca dauteves ena somxuri da amiT yovelTa naTesavTa-

gan Seiqmna ena qarTuli~.104 qarTuli enis Seqmnis Semdegac ucxo xalxebi

saqarTveloSi cxovrebas ganagrZobdnen.

Zvelad yovelma ubralo, rigiTma qristianmac ki icoda, rom yoveli ena

Seqmnilia RvTis mier, babilonis godolis dangrevisas. zemoT moyvanili

qarTuli enis Rirsebis damamcirebeli Teoriis gavrcelebis Semdeg,

qarTvelebs arwmunebdnen, rom qarTuli ena RvTis mier ki ar aris Seqmnili,

aramed es ena aris sxvadasxva enaTa stiqiuri aRrevis Sedegad axalSeqm-

nili ena, xolo am enis Seqmnamde qarTvelebi RvTisagan Seqmnil somxur

enaze metyvelebdnen.


swored es weria `qarTlis cxovrebis~ SesavalSi.

am Teoriis gavrcelebis dros ar SeiZleboda ar gamoCeniliyo sapir-

ispiro Teoria da marTlac, qarTuli eklesia gavlenis sferoebisaTvis

enaTa WidilSi aqtiurad monawileobda. amas miuTiTebs arseboba Teoriisa,

romelsac ewodeba `qebaA da didebaA qarTulisa enisaA~. am Teoriis Tanax-

mad, qarTuli ena araTu RvTis mier aris Seqmnili, aramed qarTuli ena

saRmrTo enaa, romelzedac isaubrebs da romliTac ganikiTxavs ieso qriste

meored mosvlis dros mkvdreTiT aRmdgar adamianebs. es rom namdvilad

asea, amas miuTiTebs mravali niSani, kerZod, qarTuli ena sxva enebis gaCe-

namde 104 Tu 94 wliT adrea Seqmnili.

`saswaulad ese aqvs asoTxi weli umetes sxvaTa enaTa qristes mosvliT-

gan dResamomde~.105 aqvea miTiTebuli sxva niSnebic qarTuli enis RvTiuri

warmoSobis dasadastureblad da agreTve am enis araTu sxva enebze nakle-

bobis, aramed upiratesobis dasamtkiceblad.

yvela qarTvels, romelnic aRniSnul pirobebSi cxovrobdnen da Tavisi

TvaliT uyurebdnen qarTuli enis gandevnas eklesiidan da kulturis yve-

la sferodan, ar SeeZloT daejerebinaT am devnili qarTuli enis upirate-

soba sxvaTa enaze. swored maTTvis naTqvamia iqve, rom marTalia, amJamad

qarTuli ena damdablebulia da dawunebulia, magram es srulebiT ar

niSnavs imas, rom qarTuli ena mdabali enaa, ara, es ena uflis saxeliTaa

kurTxeuli, magram amJamad igi uflis mier Senaxulia (`damarxul ars~) da

daZinebulia (`mZinare ars~), raTa meored mosvlisas yvela ena (e.i. yvela

eri) am eniT ganikiTxos ufalmao (e.i. gadmocemulia im drois realuri

suraTi: ena damdablebul-dawunebulia) _ `damarxul ars ena qarTuli

dRemde meored mosvlisa mesiisa sawamebelad, raTa yovelsa enasa RmerTman

amxilos amiT eniTa da ese enaA mZinare dResamomde... da ese enaA Semkuli

da kurTxeuli saxeliTa uflisaTa mdabali da dawunebuli _ moelis

dResa mas meored mosvlasa uflisasa~.106

saerTod, es Txzuleba antigrigorianuli suliskveTebiTaa gaJRenTili,

rac iqidan Cans, rom masSi qarTvelTa momaqcevlad dasaxelebulia ara

wmida grigori, rogoradac saxavda VI-VII saukuneebSi somxuri eklesia,

aramed berZenTa dedofali elene (romis imperator konstantines deda) da

wmida nino. es miuTiTebs, rom Txzuleba elinofiluria da am Tavisi mimarT-

ulebiTac somxuri eklesiis sawinaaRmdego. ̀ axalman nino moaqcia da helene

dedofalman~.

qarTuli ena araa Rirsi damdablebisa (rogoradac amdablebda mas fsevdo-

leonti mroveli) da dawunebisa, radganac `yoveli saidumlo amasa enasa

Sina damarxul ars~, _ weria iq.

wmida saxarebidan cnobilia, rom lazare gardacvalebis Semdeg oTxi

dRe ido saflavSi da iqve darCeboda meored mosvlamde, ufal ieso qristes

rom ar enebebina misi gacocxleba.


qarTul enasac swored iseve Zinavs, rogorc eZina lazares. qarTul

enas saxarebaSi lazare hqvia (e.i. lazare qarTuli enis simboloa), radg-

anac qarTuli ena swored iseve aRsdgeba, rogorc aRsdga lazare `da ese

enaA mZinare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina mas enasa lazare hqvian~.

wmida saxarebidan cnobilia, rom ufali ieso qriste iyo megobari lazare-

si da misi debisa _ mariamisa da marTasi. ieso qristec megobaria qarTuli

enisa (e.i. lazaresi) da es megobroba imiT mtkicdeba, rom yoveli saidum-

lo qarTul enaSia Senaxuli.

`qebaA da didebaA~ qebaa ara marto qarTuli enisa, aramed qarTuli

anbanisa da qarTuli wmida wignebisa (maTes saxarebisa). amas didi mniS-

vneloba hqonda, radganac mesxeTSi (igulisxmeba tao da sxvadasxva kuTxee-

bi), gugarqSi da hereTSi eklesiebSi somxurenovani msaxurebis danergvis

dros ganidevna qarTulenovani wignebi da dainerga `maStocis da wmida

grigoris wesi da msaxureba~, e.i somxurenovani wignebiT somxurenovani

msaxureba (wirva-locva). aseT dros gancxadebas imisas, rom qarTul sax-

arebas (kerZod, maTesas) aqvs idumali, saRvTo winaswarmetyveluri niSnebi,

didi mniSvneloba hqonda.

unda aRiniSnos, rom VI-VII saukuneebis ZiriTad periodebSi qarTuli da

somxuri eklesiebi TiTqmis erTi da igive sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebisa

iyvnen (ganxeTqileba, ̀ ganyofa~ am or eklesias Soris moxda 607-609 wlebSi,

xolo erekle keisris laSqrobis Semdeg somxurma eklesiam `unia~ Sekra

bizantiur (e.i. CvenTanac) eklesiasTan, amitom zemoT aRniSnuli metoqeoba

am dros (VIIs.) ideologiurad uzrunvelyofili ar iyo (ar hqonda iseTi

aSkarad gamoxatuli erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi saxe, rogoric VIII saukunis

Semdeg). swored am mdgomareobis gamo, SeiZleba iTqvas, totaluri arme-

nizaciis dros, qarTvelTa wmida wignebzec ki xeli miuwvdebodaT armeno-

filebs. ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali da ̀ ambavi mefeTanis~ somxofiluri

redaqciis arsebobac am mizeziT aris gamowveuli.

miiCneva, rom swored ̀ somxur-qalkedonurma~ versiam, romelic VII sauku-

niT TariRdeba, safuZveli daudo `leonti mrovelis~ erT-erT sqemas _

`gavrcelebulia Tvalsazrisi, TiTqos arqauli nawilis, e.w. eTnarqebis sqe-

ma mTlianad XI saukunisaa. masSi areklilia kavkasiis xalxTa megobrobis

am saukunis idea. kritikuli Seswavla ki mowmobs, rom es sqema metad

Zvelia. Tavisi faqturiT igi misdevs da emTxveva imas, rasac vicnobT

`xalxTa warmomavlobis~ wignis somxuri qalkedonuri versiiT, romelic

VII saukuniT TariRdeba.107

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sedgenilobidan Cans, rom qarTvelebs Tavdapirve-

lad hqoniaT TavianTi istoriis qronikebi an Canawerebi. aseve Tqmulebebi

da erovnuli istoriis folkloruli Zeglebi. SesaZlebelia isini Sekre-

bili da erT qronologiur sistemaSic iyo moyvanili da Txzulebis saxe


hqonda, magram VI-VII saukuneebSi armenofilebs es ZvelqarTuli istoriu-

li Txzuleba uredaqtirebiaT, misTvis miuciaT mkveTrad gamoxatuli ar-

menofiluri saxe. ̀ cnobilia, rom leonti mrovelma Tavisi moTxroba qarTlis

gaqristianebis Sesaxeb ZiriTadad `moqcevaAdan~ aiRo. rac Seexeba wa-

rmarTobis xanis istorias, kerZod, aleqsandre makedonelis Semosvlis

epizods, k. kekeliZis azriT, igi uSualod `moqcevaA qarTlisaAdan~ ar

momdinareobs, aramed VII-VIII saukuneebis romeliRac istoriuli Txzule-

bidan, romelic unda iyos wyaro TviT `moqcevaA qarTlisaAsTvisac~.108

swored aleqsandre makedonelis Semosvlis epizodi, romelsac k. kekel-

iZe VII-VIII saukuneebis romeliRac istoriuli Txzulebidan aRebulad

Tvlis, Seicavs qarTvelTa Zlier uaryofiT Sefasebas. aq qarTvelebi sxva-

dasxva uwmindur zneTa mqoned arian gamoyvanilni.

mose xoreneli qalkedonituri mimarTulebis moRvawed iyo miCneuli.

amitomac mas somexi qalkedonitebi pativs scemdnen, xolo VII saukuneSi

mTeli somxuri eklesiis TiTqmis qalkedonituri mimarTulebis gamo is

mTel somxeTSi iqneboda pativcemuli. miCneulia, rom swored xorenacis

istorias gavlena hqonda leonti mrovelis istoriaze.

`somxeTis istoriaSi~, sadac daxasiaTebulia artaSes II-is (33-20 ww. Zv.w.)

moRvaweoba, naTqvamia: `msgavsad CrdiloeTis qveynebisa (CvenSic) mkvdris

WamiobiT da sxva amisTanebiT cxovrobdnen. da ese yoveli mowesrigda

dReTa Sina artaSesisa~. rogorc vxedavT, aseTi ̀ codva~ leonti mrovels

ar Caudenia. aqedan im daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba, rom erT-erTi wyaro

fsevdokalistenes `aleqsandrianTan~ erTad, leonti mrovelisTvis Sei-

Zleba yofiliyo movses xorenacis `somxeTis istoriac~. albaT, es adgili

hqonda mxedvelobaSi q. patkanovs, rodesac werda, rom cnoba `uwmindur

zneTa~ Sesaxeb `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ zoroastrizmisa da movses xorena-

cis gavleniT gaCndao~.109

armenofilebs qarTvelTa saistorio Txzulebis redaqtirebis dros xelT

hqoniaT xorenacis ̀ istoria~, romlis gavlena etyoba kidec ̀ leonti mrov-

elis~ Txzulebas _ ̀ leonti, ueWvelia, icnobda movses xorenacis ̀ somxeTis

istorias~ (misi terminologiiT ̀ cxovrebas somxeTisa~), romelSic somexTa

mamamTavari haiki, anu leontis enaze haosi, aseve Targamosianad aris

gamoyvanili. magram Tu xorenaciT haoss Zmebi ar hyolia, leontim kavkasi-

is xalxebis mamamTavrebi (eTnarqosebi) haosis umcros Zmebad gamoacxada

da amiT aRniSnuli xalxebis naTesaobis originaluri koncefcia Seqmna.110

rogorc aRiniSna, armenofiluri redaqtirebisas `qarTlis cxovrebis~

Sesavalsa da ̀ mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ uxvad CaurTavT somxuri masalebi, somx-

uri Tqmulebebi, legendebi, aq armenofilebi saubroben somxebis Zliereba-

ze, mis did warsulze, somxuri enis gansakuTrebul rolze,111 aq saubaria

imis Sesaxeb, rom somxebi upiratesni arian qarTlosianebze, rasac TiTqos-


da istoriul-genetikuri safuZveli hqonda. haosi qarTvelebisaTvis `iyo

ganmgebel da ufal~ da mere `mefe~. haosianebs TiTqosda istoriulad

`marTebdaT ufloba~ qarTlosianebisa, amitomac iyo, rom somex-qarTvelTa

omebSi qarTvelTa calkeuli warmatebis miuxedavad, sabolood gamarjveba

somxebs unda darCenodaT da rCebodaT kidec leontis Tanaxmad. es kon-

cefcia leontim somxebis siyvaruliT ki ar SeimuSava, aramed xorenacis

Txzulebidan gamomdinare Seqmna.112

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ dawerili nawilis armenofiluri redaqcia Sesa-

Zlebeli iyo gansakuTrebiT VI-VIII saukuneebSi, radganac es periodi umZi-

mesi iyo qarTveli xalxis istoriaSi.

g. anCabaZe wers _ `VI-VIII saukuneebi saqarTvelos istoriaSi erT-erTi

yvelaze mZime xana iyo. feodaluri urTierTobis ganmtkiceba-ganviTarebis

periodi CvenSi daemTxva saSinao da sagareo politikuri viTarebis mkveTr

gauaresebas. gafeodalebuli erisTavebi ar epuebodnen centralur xelisu-

flebas. qveyanas gars ekra Zlieri da agresiuli saxelmwifoebi: bizantiis

imperia, xazarTa samefo da sasanuri iranis adgilze aRmocenebuli arabTa

saxalifo. mZime krizisSi imyofeboda TviT qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobac,

romelic am droisaTvis Tavisi istoriis meore aTwleuls iTvlida. VII

saukunis bolos gaqra samefo Zalaufleba lazikaSi, ufro adre ki _

qarTlSi. adgilobrivi mmarTvelebi ucxoeli dampyroblebis SiSiT mefis

tituls veRar atarebdnen. daqsaqsuli, politikur damoukideblobas mok-

lebuli, gauTavebeli omebiT sisxlisagan daclili, daxarkuli xalxi, ioane

sabanisZis sityviT, `iryeoda viTarca lerwami qarTagan ZlierTa~. gaxSir-

da renegatobis SemTxvevebi...~113

hqondaT Tu ara qarTvelebs VI-VII saukuneebamde saistorio Txzule-

bani? SeuZlebelia qarTvelebs IV-V saukuneebSi ar hqonodaT istoriuli

nawarmoebebi da Canawerebi. amaze miuTiTebs TviT `mefeTa cxovreba~. Tu am

Txzulebas Cven CamovacliT armenofilur Canamatebs da saerTod, gavw-

mendT armenofiluri redaqciisagan, SeiZleba miviRoT V saukunemdeli qarTve-

li xalxis istoriis SesaniSnavi Tanadrouli wyaro. `saqarTvelos Zveli

istoriis amsaxveli qarTuli saistorio Txzulebis, `mefeTa cxovrebis~

bevri cnoba berZnul-romauli da somxuri wyaroebiT, arqeologiuri da

epigrafikuli masaliT dadasturda, ris Semdegac ̀ mefeTa cxovrebis~, rogorc

saistorio wyaros Sesaxeb, Zveli Sexeduleba Seicvala~.114

`moqcevaA qarTlisaA~-dan Cans, rom masSi Sesulia VI saukunemde dawer-

ili qronikebi. m. CxartiSvilma gamoarkvia, rom wmida ninos cxovreba IV

saukuneSive dawerila saqarTveloSi.

V saukuneSi somxeTSi mravali istorikosi moRvaweobda. Cans, am dros Cvens

mezobel albanel xalxsac hyavda Tavisi istorikosebi. `Zveli msoflios

istoriis~ III tomSi amis Sesaxeb naTqvami yofila _ ̀ rogorc Cans, albanelebs

mokle drois ganmavlobaSi hyavdaT TavianTi Zveli istorikosebi~.115


qarTveli xalxis ganviTarebuli saxelmwifoebrioba, romelic VI sauku-

nisaTvis TiTqmis aTaswlovani iyo, moiTxovda Tavisi istorikosebis arse-

bobas, gansakuTrebiT ki gaqristianebis Semdeg.

p. ingoroyvam gamoarkvia, rom `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ Sesulia uZvelesi

folkloruli masalebi. xalxuri saleqso formiT yofila dawerili ar-

qauli xasiaTis folkloruli Zeglebi _ `brZola qarTvelTa mefisa mir-

vanisa da durZukTa~, Tqmulebani farnavazze, `glova qarTvelTa mefisa

farsman qvelisa~, `brZola gmirTa da sastikeba haerisa~.116 unda vifiqroT,

rom qarTuli folkloruli Zeglis `brZola gmirTas~ mTavar gmirad Tx-

zulebis armenofiluri redaqciis dros haosi iqca.

`leonti mrovelis~ TxzulebaSi SeiZleba aRmovaCinoT azrobrivi sxva-

dasxvaobani, magaliTad, is genealogia eTnarqebisa, romelic gadmocemulia

àmbavi rvaTa ZmaTaSi~ srulebiT gansxvavdeba `cxovreba farnavazisaSi~

SefarviT arsebul genealogiisagan. `farnavazis cxovrebaSi~ SefarviT

arsebobs aseTi genealogia _ qarTlosi (romlis adgilzec farnavazia im

droisaTvis) Tavi da ùfali~ aris yvela qarTvelisa, maT Soris megreleb-

isac (egrosi _ quji). megrelTa meTauri quji eubneba farnavazs _ ̀ Sen xar

Svili TavTa maT qarTlisaTa da Sen gmarTebs ufleba Cemi... Sen xar ufali

Cveni da me var mona Seni~.117

ratom marTebs farnavazs megrelTa meTauris qujis ùfleba~, ratom

aris quji mona farnavazisa, xolo farnavazi misi ufali? am kiTxvas TviT

quji pasuxobs _ imitom, rom farnavazi Svilia qarTlisa TavTa, e.i. `qarT-

lis Tavebi~ egrisis ùflebi~ arian istoriulad.

farnavazis `cxovrebaSi~ gadmocemuli genealogia aSkarad miuTiTebs,

rom egrosis (megrelTa eTnarqis) ùfali~ aris qarTlosi. maSin, roca

àmbavi rvaTa ZmaTasaSi~ gadmocemuli genealogia sruliad gansxvavebu-

lia. aq egrosis ùfali~ aris ara qarTlosi, aramed haosi (ise, rogorc

sxva Zmebisa) _ àmaT SvidTave gmirTa zeda iyo gamgebel da ufal haos da

ese yovelni iyvnes morCil haosisa~.118

maSasadame, am TxzulebaSi gadmocemulia ori srulebiT erTmaneTisagan

gansxvavebuli genealogia eTnarqebisa, erTis mixedviT, egrosis ̀ ufali~ aris

qarTlosi, meoris mixedviT, egrosis ùfali~ aris haosi. am ori genealogi-

idan ufro Zveli unda iyos is, romelSic egrosis uflad qarTlosia gamocx-

adebuli, aseTi azris gamoTqmis uflebas iZleva sxva uZvelesi wyaro _

`moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, aqac igive genealogiuri Tvalsazrisia gadmocemuli.

saerTod, qarTuli saistorio Txzulebani `qarTlis cxovreba~ iqneba is

mTlianobaSi, ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, arseni beris Tu sxvaTa naSromebi, Sei-

cavs Tvalsazriss, romelic gamudmebiT da dabejiTebiT meordeba maTSi,

rom qarTvelTa saxelmwifos sazRvari yovelTvis gadioda mdinare egrisw-

yalsa da Sav zRvaze (farnavazidan vidre arCilis CaTvliT), samegrelo


yovelTvis qarTvelTa saxelmwifos SigniT mdebareobs, es ki niSnavs, rom

megrelebic iseTive qarTvelebad arian miCneulni, rogorc saqarTvelos

sxva kuTxeTa mcxovrebni. am Tvalsazrisidan ki srulebiT gansxvavdeba is

Tvalsazrisi, romelic `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenizebul SesavalSi _

`ambavi rvaTa ZmaTaSia~ mocemuli. aq gansxvavebiT erovnul-qarTuli Tval-

sazrisisagan gadmocemulia, rom megrelebi iseTive eTnikur siaxloveSia

qarTvelebTan (qarTlelebTan), rogorc somxebTan da sxva kavkasiel tomebTan.

e.i megrelebi, qarTebi (qarTlelebi), somxebi da sxva tomebi erTnair eTni-

kur naTesaur kavSirSi imyofebian. isini Zmebi _ `Tvisni~ arian. maSin roca,

rogorc vTqviT, qarTuli uZvelesi erovnuli TvalsazrisiT, qarTvelebi

erTiani xalxia, xolo megrelebi iseve arian qarTvelebi, rogorc qarTlelebi,

xolo somxebi ki srulebiT ucxo xalxia.

SeiZleba `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri redaqciis dros masSi

aisaxa ramdenadme gamZafrebuli saxe im eTnikuri suraTisa, romelic qarTvel

xalxs gaaCnda VI-VIII saukuneebSi, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos gauqmebis

Semdeg. cnobilia, rom erovnuli saxelmwifos arseboba aucilebeli pirobaa

xalxis erTian erad (naciad) Camoyalibeba-arsebobisaTvis. amitomac, unda

vifiqroT, rom erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos arsebobis droidan, far-

navazidan _ vaxtang gorgasalis CaTvliT, qarTveli xalxi arsebobda da

erTiani iyo. am xalxSi Sedioda megrelebic, xolo imis Semdeg, rac VI

saukuneSi erTiani saxelmwifo gauqmda, VII saukuneSi arabebi SemoiWrnen,

xolo VIII saukunis dasawyisSi arsebulma katastrofam zRvramde miaRwia,

daiwyo qarTveli xalxis denacionalizaciis procesi. qarTveli xalxi

`iryeva viTarca lerwami qarTagan ZlierTa~, qarTvelebi mahmadiandebian,

rac `qarTvelobis~ uaryofasac niSnavda. qarTvelebi somxuri eklesiis

mrevli xdebian (monofizituri somxuri eklesiis, Tu diofizitur-monoTel-

ituri somxuri eklesiisa), rac armenizacias niSnavda. garda amisa, dasavleT

saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebi swored maSin Zlier-

deboda, roca centraluri, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo sustdeboda, kerZod,

maSin, roca VI saukunis dasawyisSi erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo gauqmda,

dasavleT saqarTveloSi asparezze gamovida egrisis samefo. misi didi

nawilis bizantielTa mier aneqsiam xeli Seuwyo aqaurebis tomobriv gan-

calkevebas erTiani qarTveli xalxisagan _ es iyo denacionalizaciis er-

Tiani procesis mxare. Cans, am dros megruli dialeqti kidev ufro Sordeba

erTian fuZe qarTul enas da is ukve damoukidebel enad yalibdeba. `megru-

li ena~, rogorc calke ena, ukve moixseneba daviT da konstantines ̀ wamebaSi~.

aseve iTqmis saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi mcxovreblebzec.

arabTa Semosevas iseTi didi xalxis denacionalizaciac ki gamouwvevia,

rogoric iyo sparseli xalxi, amitomac arabTa Semosevis gamo mosalodne-

li iyo kidec qarTveli xalxis denacionalizacia. magram es procesi


mxolod dawyebula da ver dasrulda sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo, kerZod,

qarTulma eklesiam SeZlo qalkedonitur mimarTulebaze dayrdnobiT da

erovnuli TviTSegnebis gaRvivebis saSualebiT qarTveloba gaeerTianebina.

marTalia, Semdeg VIII-X saukuneebSi Seiqmna saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTx-

eebSi erovnul-qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebi, magram maT, tao-klar-

jeTis, afxazeTis da kaxeT-hereTis samefoebs, aerTianebda qarTuli eklesia

erTiani qalkedonituri sarwmunoebiT _ amiT ki `qarTveloba~ kvlav er-

Tiani iyo. e.i. denacionalizaciis procesi ar gaRrmavda, is male Sewyda.

qarTveli xalxi kvlav mTlianad arsebobda. denacionalizaciis VI-VIII

saukuneebSi arsebulma saxem uTuod gavlena iqonia àmbavi rvaTa ZmaTaSi~

gadmocemul suraTze.

rogorc iTqva, ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaA~ da ̀ ambavi mefeTani~ erTmaneTisagan

Zlier gansxvavdebian maTSi gadmocemuli TvalsazrisiT qarTveli xalxis

Tavdapirveli istoriis Sesaxeb. ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tanaxmad, qarTvelebi

gadmosaxldnen samxreTiT mdebare samSoblodan, romelsac ̀ arian-qarTli~

erqva, ̀ ambavi mefeTaAs~ mixedviT ki, qarTveli xalxi adgilze _ saqarTveloSive

Camoyalibda qarTlosis STamomavlebis gamravlebis Sedegad. `moqcevaAs~

Tanaxmad, qarTveli xalxi gadmosaxlebis dros dasaxlda vrcel terito-

riaze mdinare egriswylidan vidre hereTis CaTvliT. am teritoriaze

mxolod qarTvelebi cxovrobdnen _ e.i. megrelebi qarTvelebi arian ise,

rogorc yvela adgilobrivi mkvidri mcxovrebi aRniSnul sazRvrebSi. àm-

bavi mefeTanis~ Tanaxmad ki, qarTlosis STamomavlebi arian qarTvelebi,

xolo megrelebs TavianTi eTnarqi hyavT, anu megrelebi qarTlosis STamo-

mavlebi ar arian. `moqcevaAs~ Tanaxmad, samxreTidan gadmosaxlebul

qarTvelebs saqarTveloSi daxvdaT ucxo tomebi, romlebic iyvnen veluri

da saZageli cxovrebiT mcxovrebni. ̀ ambavi mefeTanis~ Tanaxmad ki, velure-

bi da saZageli cxovrebiT mcxovrebni TviTon qarTvelebi iyvnen.

`moqcevaAdan~ TavisTavad igulisxmeba, rom samxreTidan gadmosaxlebuli

qarTvelebis ena iyo qarTuli ena, amas adasturebs arseni beri, roca wers:

`Cven qarTvelni Svilni varT maT arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da maTi ena

uwyiT~.119 àmbavi mefeTanis~ Tanaxmad ki, Tavdapirvelad qarTveli xalxis

mSobliuri ena iyo ara qarTuli, aramed somxuri ena, TiTqosda qarTuli ena

mogvianebiT Camoyalibda sxvadasxva enaTa aRrevis Sedegad.

`moqcevaA qarTlisaASi~ ar Cans raime tendencia sxva erebis, an Tundac

qarTvelTa mimarT. aq istoria bunebrivi mdinarebiT aRiwereba. àmbavi

mefeTani~ ki xasiaTdeba mkveTrad gamoxatuli tendenciurobiT, rogorc

ucxo xalxis, ise qarTvelTa mimarT. kerZod, ̀ ambavi mefeTani~ antiberZnuli

(antiromauli) da prosparsuli mimarTulebisaa, rom araferi vTqvaT somx-

ofilobasa da qarTvelTa augze. antiberZnuloba (anu, rac igivea im droi-

saTvis, antiromauloba) imiT gamoixateba, rom pirveli mefe azoni aris


romaelTa (anu ̀ berZenTa~) warmomadgeneli, romelsac ar uyvars qarTvele-

bi da a.S. moviyvanoT Sesabamisi adgilebi `moqcevaA qarTlisaAdan~120 (Zve-

li qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, 1964 w.) da `ambavi

mefeTanidan~.121

`moqcevai qarTlisai~

qarTvelTa gadmosaxleba

`qarTlis cxovreba~

qarTvelTa eTnogenezisi

`Tana-hyvanda aleqsandres mefesa azo,Ze arian-qarTlisa mefisa, da mas mi-uboZa mcxeTa sajdomad da sazRvaridaudva mas hereTi da egriswyali dasomxiTi da mTa crolisa da warvi-da, xolo es azo warvida arian qarT-lad, mamisa Tvisisa da warmoiyvanarva saxli da aTni saxlni _ mamamZuZeTani da dajda Zvel mcxeTas~(gv.81). aqedan Cans, rom qarTvelTadasaxlebis dasavleTi sazRvari ga-dis mdinare egriswyalze.

`pirvelad vaxsenoT ese rameTu somex-Ta da qarTvelTa, ranTa da movaknelTa,herTa da lekTa, megrelTa da kavka-sianTa _ amiT TvisTa erTi iyo mama,saxeliT Targamos... misca qarTlossda uCina sazRvari: aRmosavliT hereTida mdinare berdujisi, dasavliT zRvapontosi... da CrdiloT sazRvari Rado,mTa mcire... romelsa aw hqvian lixi...xolo egriss misca qveyana zRvisyurisa da uCina sazRvari... dasavliTzRva, CrdiloT mdinare mcirisa xaz-areTisa (gv. 5). aqedan ki Cans, rom`qarTvelTa~ (qarTlosis STamomaval-Ta) dasaxlebis dasavleTi sazRvarigadis lixis mTaze, xolo megrelTadasavleTi sazRvari gadis lixismTaze, xolo megrelTa dasavleTisazRvari gadis mcire xazareTismdinareze. TviT `qarTlis cxovreba-Si~ sxvagan ki naCvenebia, rom sazR-vari qarTvelTa saxelmwifosi (qa-rTlisa) mudam gadioda mdinareegriswyalze. azrobrivi sxvaoba Tval-saCinoa.

saqarTveloSi velurebi

cxovrobdnen qarTvelebis

mosvlamde

TviT qarTvelebi velurebi

iyvnen

`pirvel, odes aleqsandre mefeman

naTesavni igi loTis SvilTani wa-

riqcina da Sexadna igi kedarsa mas

qveyanasa, ixilna naTesavni sastikni

bunTurqni, msxdomareni mdinaresa

zeda mtkvarsa... daukuirda aleqsan-

`aqamomdis qarTlosianTa ena somxu-

ri iyo, romelsa zraxvides, xolo

odes Semokrbes ese uricxvni naTe-

savni qarTlsa Sina, maSin qarTvelTa-

ca dauteves ena somxuri. da amaT

yovelTa naTesavTagan Seqmna ena


dres da cna, rameTu ieboselTa naTe-savni iyvnes, yovelsa xorcielsa Wa-mdes da samare maTi ara iyo, mkv-darsa SeSWamdes~ ... (gv. 81) Semos-vlis Semdeg maT SeebrZola aleqsan-dre. xolo isini, ̀ meot iqmnnes~, saq-arTvelodan gaiqcnen.

qarTuli. da ipyres sjuli uborote-

si yovelTa naTesavTaca, rameTu col-

qmrobisaTvis ara uCndaT naTesaoba

da yovelsa suliersa Wamdes, safla-

vi ara iyo mkvdarsa SesWamdes... (gv.16).

azo qarTvelTa pirveli mcxeTeli

mefea qarTvel mefeTa Ze. qarTveli

xalxi Camoyalibda ara azos dros,

aramed manamdec qarTvelebs Tavian-

Ti saxelmwifo hqondaT, samxreTiT,

iq Tavisi mefeebic hyavdaT, azo qa-

rTveli mefis Zea _ ̀ Ze arian _ qarT-

lis mefisaA... ese iyo pirveli mefe

mcxeTas Sina azoi, Ze arian qarTv-

elTa mefisa...~ (gv.31-82).

azo aris makedoneli (berZeni), mas

romaeli jariskacebi hyavs, ar uyvars

qarTvelebi. aleqsandre qarTvelebs

`...dauteva maT zeda patrikad saxeliT

azon, Ze iaredosi, naTesavi misi _ qvey-

aniT makedoniT, da misca asi aTasi

kaci qveyaniT hromiT... dauteva qarTls

erisTavad azon da mis Tana spani igi,

mpyrobelad qarTlisa... aman azon

moarRvivna zRudeni qalaqsa mcxeTas

safuZvliTurT... da yovelsa qarTlisa

qalaqTa moarRvivna zRudeni... iyo kaci

Zneli da mesisxle da ese daawesa da

amcno spaTa misTa, viTarmed: `yovel-

man qarTvelTaganman romelman povos

saWurveli, mokaliT igi~ da hyofdes

hromni esreT qarTvelTa zeda da vinc

vin gamoCndis qarTvelTagani qmnul-

keTili da asakovani, moklian igi. da

iyo Wiri didi naTesavsa zeda qarTve-

lTasa~ (gv. 19-20). anti-berZnulia da

amave dros sparsofiluria Tundac

imiT, rom pirveli qarTveli mefis

deda sparsia, xolo sxva saukuneTa

qarTvel mefeTa dinastiebi sparsu-

li warmoSobisa da sxva msgavsi.

`moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom kavkasiaSi gadmosaxlebi-sas qarTvelebs saqarTveloSi daxvdaT sxva, ucxo xalxi, dasturdeba berZnulicnobebiT, romelTa mixedviTac iberielebs samxreTidan gadmosaxlebis droskavkasiaSi daxvdaT sxva eri, romelsac qarTvelebi SeebrZolnen da daama-rcxes _ `kaspiisa da veqsinis zRvas Soris mdebare yelze cxovrobsiberTa aRmosavluri tomi, romelic odesRac pirineidan movida aRmosav-leTSi da hirkanielebTan sastiki brZola hqonda~.122


T. yauxCiSvilis azriT, ès literaturuli cnoba iberTa da hirkaniel-

Ta Soris realurad arsebuli urTierTobis gamoZaxili unda iyos~.123 am

cnobas sxva berZeni avtorebic imeoreben. maSasadame, ̀ moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~

Sesabamis cnobas aqvs wyaro, an raime realuri safuZveli, maSin, roca

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnobebi qarTvelTa eTnogenezisis Sesaxeb aris zRa-

pruli da tendenciuri. is, rogorc aRiniSna, xorenacis istoriasa da

somxur-qalkedonitur raRac wyaroze yofila dayrdnobili. maSasadame, ̀ am-

bavi rvaTa ZmaTa~ dawerilia xorenacis Semdeg, misi erT-erTi wyaro VII

saukunis somxuri Txzulebac yofila _ `xalxTa warmomavlobis~ wignis

somxur-qalkedonituri versia, romelic VII saukuniT TariRdeba~,124 xolo

`moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ is berZnuli wyaroebi, romelSic hirkanielebisa da

iberebis saqarTveloSi urTierTbrZolazea laparaki, antikur periods ga-

nekuTvneba. (`hirkanielebSi~ vgulisxmobT ̀ ieboselTa naTesav~ bun-Turqebs,

romelnic qarTvelebs daxvdnen mtkvris xeobaSi Semosvlisas).

srulebiT aSkaraa, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali aris daufaravi,

gamokveTili armenofiluri Txzuleba, romelSic qarTvelebi arcTu kargad

xasiaTdebian, amitomac unda daisvas kiTxva imis Sesaxeb, iyo Tu ara aRiarebu-

li am Txzulebis Sesavali sazogadoebis mier, aRiarebdnen Tu ara am Txzule-

bas saqarTveloSi da qarTveli xalxisaTvis ramdenad mosaTmeni iyo is?

Cven arseni beris (arsen iyalToelis) erT Txzulebaze dayrdnobiT unda

ganvacxadoT _ qarTuli eklesiisaTvis miuRebeli iyo `qarTlis cxovreb-

is~ Sesavlis (àmbavi mefeTanis~) armenofiluri redaqcia, ufro metic,

SeiZleba gamoiTqvas azri, rom es redaqcia saerTod akrZaluli iyo qalke-

donur saqarTveloSi da is arsebobda mxolod qarTvel monofizitTa

wreSi. es Txzuleba iyo dafaruli apokrifi (igulisxmeba XI-XIV saukuneeb-

Si), romelsac krZalavda qarTuli samociqulo eklesia. es Cans arseni

beris `cxovreba wmida ninosidan~.

`cxovreba da moqalaqeoba ninoAsi~ `...dawerilia XII saukunis 10-20-ian

wlebSi daviT aRmaSeneblis (Tu ioane kaTalikosis) brZanebiT arseni mona-

zonis (beris), anu arseni iyalToelis mier... Txzuleba ZiriTadad mTavrdeba

ninos gardacvalebisa da dakrZalvis aRweriT. amis Semdeg iwyeba axali

Txroba, romelsac uZRvis zed warwerili _ èseca waurTe yoveli, rameTu

Svenier ars, sayvarelno da satrfialo msmenelTaTvis~. es Txroba Seicavs

saqarTvelosa da qarTuli eklesiis istoriisaTvis friad sayuradRebo

masalebs qarTvelebisa da maTi mefeebis Camomavlobis... da sxvaTa Sesaxeb~.125

cnobilia, Tu ra didi avtoriteti iyo arsen iyalToeli qarTuli ek-

lesiisaTvis da daviT aRmaSeneblisaTvisac. SeiZleba iTqvas, mis mier orga-

nizebulma ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebam daviT aRmaSeneblis dros, erT-

gvarad Seafasa da Seajama wina saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiis saqmianoba

da gansazRvra momavalSi misi mimarTuleba. arsen beri istoriuli piri


iyo, amitomac misi Txzuleba qarTvelTa eTnogenezisis da mefeTa Camomav-

lobis Sesaxeb daTariRebulia. am mxriv, ra SeiZleba iTqvas àmbavi mefeT-

anis~ avtoris Sesaxeb? marTalia, zogierTma Cvenma didma mecnierma miiCnia,

rom is dawerilia XI saukuneSi leonti mrovelis mier, magram es gancxa-

deba efuZneboda mxolod logikur msjelobas da ara istoriul faqts.

amitomac, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arc ̀ ambavi mefeTanis~ avtoria cnobili da

arc misi daweris (miT umetes redaqtirebis) TariRi, arseni beris Txzuleb-

is avtori ki cnobilia.

is faqti, rom arsen beris TxzulebaSi gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisi srulebiT

ewinaaRmdegeba àmbavi mefeTanSi~ gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss qarTvelTa eT-

nogenezisis, qarTvelTa qveynis sazRvrebis, mefeTa warmomavlobis, qarTuli

enis da sxvaTa Sesaxeb, gvaZlevs uflebas iTqvas, rom ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~

arsebuli nawili XI-XIV saukuneebSi araTu samefo karis SekveTiT iwerebo-

da (igulisxmeba armenofiluri redaqcia), aramed akrZaluli iyo samefo

karis mier, radganac swored mefis karis moZRvari, mefis maswavlebeli da

sulieri mama arseni ar iziarebda da, ufro metic, uaryofda àmbavi mefe-

Tanis~ mraval Tvalsazriss.

dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas isic, rom (XII saukunis dasawyisSi) qarTu-

li eklesiisaTvis srulebiT mouTmeneli iyo àmbavi mefeTanSi~ arsebul

armenofilur TvalsazrisTagan umravlesi. cnobilia, rom msoflio saekle-

sio kreba aris kanonmdebeli organo, aseve adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba

kanonmdebelia adgilobrivi eklesiis mimarT, amitomac ruis-urbnisis saek-

lesio krebis gadawyvetilebani savaldebulo iyo eklesiisaTvis, mas efuZne-

boda saeklesio samarTali. es kreba saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da qarTu-

li eklesiis urTierTTanamSromlobis kargi gamoxatulebaa. am krebas ara

marto saeklesio, aramed saxelmwifo-samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis Zalac

hqonda. krebam moixsenia kidec saqarTvelos saxelmwifos meTaurebi da

agreTve qarTuli eklesiis xelmZRvanelebi. kerZod, krebis `Zegliswera~

moixseniebs saqarTvelos patriarqs (mamamTavars) _ kaTalikos ioanes, evstaTi

monazons (SeiZleba es iyos afxazeTis kaTalikosi), giorgi mwignobarTuxu-

cess (Wyondidels) da arseni monazons. aqve `ZeglisweraSi~ sagangebodaa

CarTuli arsen iyalToelis mimarTva mefisadmi _ daviT aRmaSeneblisad-

mi.126 zemoT moyvanilis gamo, arseni monazonis (beris) mier mefis, anda

kaTalikosis brZanebiT daweril `wmida ninos cxovrebas~ da masze darTul

qarTuli eklesiis mokle istorias hqonda dogmis mniSvneloba. is Seucvle-

lad unda yofiliyo aRiarebuli eklesiis mier, xolo yovelive sawinaaRmdego

Tvalsazrisi iqneboda oficialurad uaryofili saxelmwifosa da eklesiis

mier. amitomac, radgan arseni beri Tavis eklesiis istoriaSi gamoTqvams

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri redaqciisagan kardinalurad gansxvave-

bul Tvalsazriss, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es armenofiluri redaqcia da masSi


gamoTqmuli mravali Tvalsazrisi uaryofili da miuRebeli iyo rogorc

qarTuli eklesiis, aseve samefo karis mier (igulisxmeba arsenis epoqa). ars-

eni saerTod ibrZoda monofizitobis gavlenis winaaRmdeg _ àman SeTxza

erTbunebianTa wvalebisa da pirisdasayofeli werili, romel veraraisame

RoniTa Zaledves somexTa pasuxisgebad~, _ wers i. bagrationi.127

arsen beri wmida ninos ̀ cxovrebaSi~ wers, saWiroa vicodeT ̀ Cven qarTvelni

romelTa naTesavTa Svilni varT da `mefeni qarTvelTani~ vin iyvneno.

Semdeg wers _ Cveni qveyana, Cvens mefes àzoves~ aleqsandre makedonelma

`misca qveyana ese~. aleqsandre makedonelma qarTvelebs misca qveyana

Semdegi sazRvrebiT _ ̀ hereTi da egriswyali da somxeTi da mTa crolisa~.128

qarTvelebi gadmosaxldnen da daemkvidrnen swored am sazRvrebSi.

am gadmosaxlebamde arseni beris azriT, qarTvelebi cxovrobdnen sxva

qveyanaSi, romelsac àrian-qarTli~ erqva. aq maT hqondaT erovnuli sax-

elmwifo da mefeebic hyavdaT. am qarTvel mefeTa Svili iyo azove, romel-

mac qarTvelTa erTi nawili gadmoasaxla arian-qarTlidan da daasaxla

axal qveyenaSi. qarTvelebi dasaxlebulan mdinare egriswylidan hereTis

CaTvliT (an hereTamde), somxiTidan crolis mTamde.

arseni beris Txzuleba uflebas iZleva iTqvas, rom qarTuli samociqu-

lo eklesia ar iziarebda `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofilur redaqcias _

1. sazRvrebis Sesaxeb _ arsenis Tanaxmad, qarTvelTa qveynis dasavleTi

sazRvari Tavdapirvelad gadioda mdinare egriswyalze. egriswylis aRmo-

savleTiT mdebare qveyana dasaxlebuli iyo qarTvelebiT, qarTvelTa naTe-

saviT, romelTa `Svilni varT~ Cven dRevandeli qarTvelebio, _ wers is _

`Cven qarTvelni Svilni varT maT arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da ena maTi

uwyiT da yovelni mefeni qarTlisani amaT mefeTa SvilisSvilni arian~.129

Tvalsazrisi gansxvavdeba ̀ leontis~ Tvalsazrisisagan; 2. megrelebi TviTve

arian qarTvelebi, maTi deda ena qarTuli enaa _ es azri gamomdinareobs

iqidan, rom qarTvelebi Tavidanve dasaxlebulni iyvnen mdinare egriswylis

aRmosavleTiT, magram cnobilia CvenTvisac da arseni iyalToelisTvisac,

rom am mdinaris aRmosavleTiT mimdebare teritoria istoriulad megrelebiT

iyo dasaxlebuli, rogorc TviT am mdinaris saxelwodebac amJRavnebs. maSas-

adame, swored megrelebi, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos nebismieri kuTxis

mkvidri mcxovrebni ègriswylidan hereTamde~, arian qarTvelebi. es Tval-

sazrisic gansxvavdeba `leontis~ Tvalsazrisisagan, radganac `leontis~

azriT, qarTvelebi qarTlosis STamomavlebi arian da isini cxovrobdnen

lixis mTis aRmosavleTiT, xolo megrelebi ki misi Zmis, sxva eTnarqis _

egrosis memkvidreni arian, isini ki mdinare mcire xazareTidan (mdinare

yubanidan) vidre lixamde cxovrobdnen; 3. enis Sesaxeb. qarTvelTa Tavda-

pirveli ena eklesiis am Teoretikosis Tanaxmad, qarTuli iyo da ara

somxuri, rogorc miaCnda ̀ leonti mrovels~, ufro metic, arsenis Tanaxmad,


dasavleT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis dedaena qarTuli enaa, ise,

rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobisa. im qveynis mosaxleobis

dedaena, romelsac aqvs sazRvrebi _ ̀ hereTi da egriswyali, somxeTi da mTa

crolisa~ _ dasabamidanve qarTulenovania, radganac _ `Cven qarTulni

Svilni varT arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da maTi ena uwyiT~. aqedan Cans,

rom arsen bers megruli ena miaCnia ara damoukidebel enad, aramed kilod

da dialeqtad qarTuli enisa. marTlac, TiTqmis 800 wlis win, albaT megru-

li dialeqti didad ar gansxvavdeboda literaturuli qarTulisagan,

samegreloSi qarTuli ena dedaenad miiCneoda; 4. saqarTveloSi qarTvelTa

dasaxlebamde cxovrobda sxva veluri xalxi, romelic qarTvelTa gadmo-

saxlebis win aleqsandre makedonelma daamarcxa, nawili daxoca, xolo

darCenilebi gadaasaxla CrdiloeT oseTis iqiT, iq sadac yivCaRni mkvidrobeno

_ wers arseni _ aleqsandre makedonelma `...qalaqni da simagreni yovelni

ucxoTeslTa maT gamouxvna, romelnime da sxvaTa simravle maTi uricxvi

waravlina kedarsa mas, sada igi pirvelni miiyvana _ garegan oseTisa, da

ars qveyana igi maRal da vrcel da simravle wyalTaA, sada igi mieriTgan

mkvidroben didni igi naTesavni yivCaRTani~.130

maSasadame, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba, romelic aleqsandre

makedonelma ixila, iyo ara qarTvelebi, aramed `...naTesavni igi sastikni

warmarTTani, romelTa Cven aw bunTurqad da yivCaRad uwodT~.131 eseni

aleqsandrem CrdiloeTSi gadareka, xolo aq qarTvelebi daasaxla.

es Tvalsazrisi srulebiT gansxvavdeba `leonti mrovelis~ Tvalsazri-

sisagan, romlis Tanaxmadac, TviT qarTvelebi iyvnen velurebi, romelnic

ixila aleqsandrem.

ucxoTeslTa gaJletisa da gadarekvis Semdeg aleqsandrem daiwyo qvey-

nis Seneba _ `da TviT iwyo Senebad qveyanisa Cvensa, xolo hyva Tana azove,

Ze arian-qarTlisa mefisaA, da misca qveyana ese Cveni sameufod da samkvi-

dreblad da ganuCina sazRvari hereTi da egriswyali da somxiTi da mTa

crolisa, da TviT warvida.

xolo ese azove warvida arian-qarTlad mamisa Tvisisa da warmoiyvana

muniT aTasi saxli mdabio da moqalaqe dedebiT, yrmebiTurT maTiT da kualad

aTi saxli mTavarTagan palatisaTa dedebiT da yrmebiTurT maTiT. da maT Tana

hyves kerpni RmerTad. da ese azove ars pirveli mefe qarTvelTaA, da amisa

SvilisSvilTagan ocdamerve iyo mirian, romeli igi mxolod iqmna qristiane

da mieriTgan yovelni mefeni qarTvelTani arian morwmune keTilad da Cven

qarTvelni Svilni varT maT arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da maTi ena uwyiT. da

yovelni mefeni qarTlisani amaT mefeTa SvilisSvilni arian~.132

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, arseni monozani, anu rac igivea, qarTu-

li qalkedonuri eklesia, srulebiT uaryofda `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Se-

maval ̀ ambavi mefeTanis~ armenofilur redaqcias, anu im redaqcias, romel-

ic amJamad aRiarebulia.


arseni asaxelebs kidec Tavis wyaroebs. mas gamouyenebia `moqcevaA

qarTlisaA~ da `ambavi mefeTa~. is wers _ `wmidano mamano da Zmano, ese

netarisa ninoAs cxovreba~ Seuwyobelad da ganbneulad ̀ qarTlis moqcevasa~

Tana da `hambavsa mefeTasa~ Tana aRreulad sweria... arca Semimatebia da

arca damiklia... yoveli WeSmariti da WeSmaritebiT aRwerili da wamebuli

maT mier aha winaSe Tqvensa ars... ikiTxvideT da ersa warmoauTxrobdiT

sadidebelad RmrTisa da pativisa misisa romlisa ars didebaA~.133

arseni wm. ninos cxovrebaze darTul qarTuli eklesiis mokle istoriis

gadmocemisas, uSualod Txrobisas, wyarod asaxelebs `qarTlis cxovrebis

wigns~. teqstidan srulebiT aSkarad Cans, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis wigns~

is iyenebs erekle keisrisa da arabTa Semosevamde (VII s.), amis Semdeg Cans,

is iyenebs efrem mciris Txzulebas `uwyeba mizezsa qarTvelTa moqce-

visasa~, Semdeg akritikebs berZen saeklesio moRvaweebs da iyenebs mTaw-

midelTa gamonaTqvamebs qarTvelTa ubiwo sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb.

rogorc aRiniSna, wm. ninos ̀ cxovrebis~ teqstisaTvis arsens gamouyenebia

`qarTlis moqcevaA~ da ̀ hambavi mefeTani~, xolo teqstze darTuli qarTvelTa

da qarTuli eklesiis mokle istoriis gadmocemisas _ ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis

wigni~, kerZod, is aRwers, azoves Semdeg, vidre vaxtang gorgasalis CaTvliT

istorias da agrZelebs _ ̀ amisa Semdgomad friadni Wirni moiwines sparsTagan

qarTvelTa zeda da friadni sulni moswyvidnes da qveyanani daipyrnes da

friadni iwames saxelisaTvis qristesisa. romelTaime aRweril ars Cvens

Soris da romelTaime aRuwerel daSTa, xolo yovelni aRweril arian

wignsa mas cxovelTasa da winaSe RmrTisa ixareben. amas yovelsa `qarTlis

cxovrebis~ wigni vrclad mogviTxrobs~ (iqve, gv. 48). e.i. sparselTa Semose-

vis Semdego, _ wers is _ qristianTa mowameobrivi Rvawli mxolod nawilo-

briv aRiwera, magram amis miuxedavad, maTi mowameoba sruliad aris aRwerili

zecaTa `sicocxlis wignSio~ _ (`wignsa mas cxovelTasa~). amitomac, roca

arsenic wers _ ̀ amas yovelsa ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ wigni vrclad mogviTxrob-

so~, _ gulisxmobs ara sparselTa Semosevis periods, aramed qarTveli xalx-

is istorias sparselTa Semosevamde _ V saukunis miwurulamde.

maSasadame, is wyaro, romelsac arseni iyenebda Tavis istoriaSi azovedan

vaxtang gorgaslis CaTvliT, yofila `qarTlis cxovrebis wigni~.

Cans, redaqcia ̀ qarTlis cxovrebisa~, romelsac iyenebda arsen iyalToe-

li, srulebiT gansxvavdeba CvenTvis cnobil `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armeno-

filuri redaqciisagan. arsens agreTve gamouyenebia wyarod `hambavni mefe-

Tani~. cnobilia, rom ̀ hambavni mefeTani~ ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Semadgeneli

nawilia. aseve unda iTqvas, rom is redaqcia ̀ hambavni mefeTanisa~, romelsac

iyenebda arseni Tavis wyarod, srulebiT gansxvavdeba im armenofiluri

redaqciisagan, romelsac Cven dRes vicnobT.


gansxvaveba armenofilur da Cveulebriv redaqciebs Soris Zalze didi

yofila, kerZod, rogorc aRiniSna, gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan qarTvelTa

eTnogenezisis, qarTvelTa Cvevebis, qarTvelTa qveynis sazRvrebis, qarTvel-

Ta enisa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb. SexedulebaTa gansxvaveba arsebiTia. Cans, `mo-

qcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tvalsazrisi aRniSnul sakiTxebze msgavsi iyo `hambav-

ni mefeTanis~ araarmenofiluri redaqciis Tvalsazrisisa.

unda vigulisxmoT, rom XII saukuneSi, arsen iyalToelis dros arsebobda

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ (àmbavi mefeTanis~) iseTi redaqcia, romelic araar-

menofiluri da sayovelTaod misaRebi iyo. Cans, es araarmenofiluri ̀ qarT-

lis cxovrebis wigni~ (ase uwodebs mas arsen iyalToeli) Seicavda qarTvelTa

istorias uZvelesi droidan VII saukunemde. es wyaro gamouyenebia arsen

bers, rasac aRniSnavs kidec _ àmas yovelsa qarTlis cxovrebis wigni

vrclad mogviTxrobs~.

Tuki arsebobda `qarTlis cxovrebis wignis~ araarmenofiluri redaqcia,

ratom ar moaRwia Cvenamde? Cvenamde ar moaRwia saerTo-saxalxo-sakiTxavi

wignis _ ̀ vefxistyaosani~-s XII-XIV saukuneebis xelnawerebma. isini daikargnen

monRolTa Semosevisas, Cans, aseve daikarga `qarTlis cxovrebis~ araar-

menofiluri redaqciac. xolo am wignis armenofiluri redaqcia, romelic

albaT, adreve arsebobda monofiziti qarTvelebis saWiroebisaTvis, Semoin-

axes monofizitebma, sadRac somxeTis somxur monasterSi. cnobilia, rom

saqarTvelos monofizituri nawili (igulisxmeba mxargrZelebisadmi daqvem-

debarebuli qveynebi) ubrZolvelad danebda monRolebs, SemdgomSic am qvey-

nebSi SedarebiT simSvide sufevda. mxargrZelebis ojaxi qarTvelobda da

amave dros somxobda kidec. Cans, aseve iyvnen qarTveli monofizitebi. isini

arc qarTvelobas Tmobdnen da arc somxobas. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armeno-

filuri redaqcia maT midrekileba-ganwyobas srulebiT Seefereboda.

ara marto saqarTvelos zogierTi kuTxe iyo armenizebuli, aramed Cveni

mezobeli albaneTis zogierTi nawilic.

armenizebul albanelebsac hyavdaT TavianTi erovnuli istorikosi, romelic

erTdroulad albaneli patriotic iyo da somexi patriotic. es iyo mose

kalankatueli. miuxedavad imisa, rom is albaneli iyo, yovelive somxurs

albanurze maRla ayenebda. is werda kidec ara albanur, aramed somxur

enaze _ ̀ akad. s. eremianis Tanaxmad, moses kalankatuacis Txzuleba imitom

daiwera somxur enaze, rom mose warmoSobiT albaneTis armenizebuli ol-

qidan iyo~.134

albanelTa msgavsad, saqarTvelos armenizebuli olqebis (ara bolomde

armenizebulis, igulisxmeba tao _ da qvemo qarTli, hereTi) qarTvelTa

ufro metad gasomxebis mizniT, albaT, adreve moxda `qarTlis cxovrebis

wignis~ (àmbavi mefeTani~) armenizacia. radganac es wigni mxolod VII s-is

Sua wlebamde Seicavda qarTvelTa istorias (heraklemde _ `qarTlis cx-


ovrebis wigni~ vrclad mogviTxrobs ̀ amisa Semdgomad gamovida mefe herek-

le~ arseni beri, (iqve, gv, 48)), amitom unda vifiqroT, rom ̀ qarTlis cxovre-

bis wignis~ armenofiluri redaqtireba moxda VI saukuneSi an VII saukunis

dasawyisSi, Tumca isic SesaZlebelia, rom es moxda Sida qarTlze somex

mefeTa eqspansiis dros _ VIII-X saukuneebSi. Sida qarTlze Tu ra Zlieri

zegavlena hqonda somxeTs VIII-X saukuneebSi, amis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs a.

abdalaZe Tavis wignSi _ `amierkavkasiis politikur erTeulTa urTierToba

IX-XI saukuneebSi~.

unda vifiqroT, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ `ambavi mefeTanis~ dReisaTvis

cnobili redaqcia dawerilia mose kalankatuelis msgavsad armenizebuli

qarTvelis mier somxuri eklesiis mrevlad qceul qarTvelTaTvis (somx-

uri eklesiis mrevlad iqcnen armenizebuli albanelebic). es redaqcia

miuRebeli iyo saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisaTvis da is ar gamoiyena

qarTuli eklesiis erT-erTma meTaurma arsen iyalToelma qarTuli eklesi-

is istoriis mokled aRweris dros.

arsebobdnen Tu ara armenizebuli qarTvelebi da hyavda Tu ara somxur

eklesias qarTuli mrevli?

Cans, es sakiTxi ukve Seswavlili aqvT somex istorikosebs, magaliTad, g.

ter-mkrtiCiani fiqrobs, rom koriuni (an agaTangelosi) qarTveli iyo. ̀ rogorc

iv. javaxiSvili wers _ g. ter-mkrtiCians agaTangelozi da koriuni iden-

tur pirebad miaCnda da fiqrobda rom koriuni ̀ ... qarTvelTa, anu qarTvel-

somexTa episkoposi iyo ...iqneb qarTvelic ki...~135

TviT n. mari werda, rom tao-klarjeTis qarTveluri mosaxleoba somxdebo-

da VIII saukunemde. marTlac, aqauri mosaxleoba namdvilad ganicdida ar-

menizaciis process. aqauri iyo nerse iSxneli _ Semdgom kaTalikosi somx-

uri eklesiisa, SeiZleba armenizebuli qarTveli da amitomac is simpaTiiT

ixsenieba giorgi merCules mier. netars uwodebs, aseve qarTul eklesiaSi

miRebuli sakiTxavic `wmidisa yrmaTa orTa ZmaTa daviTisa da tariWanisa~

mas `netar did nerses~ uwodebs _ `maSin viTarca euwya saqme ese wmidasa

mamasa Cvensa nerses kaTalikozsa somxiTisasa, rameTu TviT hxedvida igi

iSxniT sakvirvelebasa da brwyinvalebasa... srbiT moiwia divris~.136

`daviT da tariWanis martvilobidan~ Cans,

rom tao Tavisi saeklesio centr iSxaniT

da, cxadia, mis samxreTiT mdebare terito-

riebiT, romelzedac Semdeg aSenda bana,

xaxuli, oSki _ 650-ian wlebSi nerse kaTa-

likosis dros, Sedioda somxeTis eklesia-

Si, magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom es mxare

somxebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, piriqiT, aq cxov-

robdnen qarTvelebi, romelnic iyvnen mrev-


li somxuri eklesiisa. aq saeklesio ena iyo somxuri ena, xolo ojaxis ena

_ qarTuli. TavianTi Tavi miaCndaT qarTvelebad (VII saukuneSi), xolo

berZnebi am mxares _ `iverias~ uwodebdnen. TviT somexi mematianeebic ki am

mxares `qarTvelTa~ mxares uwodebdnen VII s-Si ioane mamikonianis mat-

ianedan irkveva, rom me-7 s-Si mesxeTis mxareebi (da klarjeTi) qarTul

mxares warmoadgenda.137 am matianedan irkveva: 1. `VII saukuneSi mesxeTi

Woroxidan vanandamde, klarjeTis CaTvliT, samflobeloa vaSden ̀ qarTvel-

Ta (iverielTa) mTavrisa~, vaSdenis Zea jojiki `qarTvelTa (iverielTa)

mTavari~.138 am qarTvel mTavrebs prosparsuli (anu prosomxuri) orienta-

cia hqondaT da es antiberZnuli tao da klarjeTi qarTvelebiT dasaxle-

buli qveyana iyo. taoSi VIII saukunemde cxovrobda somxuri eklesiis

samwysoSi Semavali qarTuli mosaxleoba somxuri saeklesio eniT. marTa-

lia, tao da klarjeTi qalkedonituri midrekilebisa iyvnen, magram somxur-

ma eklesiam taoel qarTvelTa Tavis gavlenis qveS moqceva imiT SeZlo,

rom erekle keisris Semdeg is ̀ uniaturi~, anu TiTqmis qalkedonituri gaxda.

ufro adre ki, VII saukunis dasawyisSi kirionisa da abraam kaTalikosis

epoqaSi taos erTi nawili qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, sadac

arseni safarelis Tanaxmad gadasaxlebula abraam somexTa kaTalikosis

mier devnili qalkedonit somex samRvdeloTa nawili. safiqrebelia, rom

somxuri eklesiis mier `uniis~ aRiarebis Semdeg isini ukanve dabrundnen.

Cans, somxuri eklesiis wevr qarTvels ekuTvnis somexTa ganmanaTleblis

wmida grigoris cxovrebis arabuli teqsti (Targmani). am arabul teqstSi

gamovlenilia uamravi qarTuli sityva da agreTve qarTuli warmomavlobis

geografiuli saxelebi. avtori icnobs da wers qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxe-

bac. is dainteresebulia qarTuli eklesiiT, mxolod avtoris (mTargmnel-

is) qarTuli erovnebiT SeiZleba aixsnas mis mier qarTuli sityvebis xmareba

da ara iseTi garTulebuli sqemiT, rogoric es n. marma warmoadgina.139

rogorc iTqva, somxuri eklesiis wevri iyo TviT kirionic qarTlis

kaTalikosad gamorCevamde.

`qarTvelTa episkoposi~ hqvia mose gugarqis (curtavel) episkoposs, romelic

somxuri eklesiis wevrad miiCnevs Tavis Tavs kirionis dros.

qarTvelTa gadaqceva somxuri eklesiis mrevlad, savaraudoa, IV s-is

bolosa da V s-is dasawyisSi e.w. `berZnul somxeTSic~. aRniSnul dros

bizantiam ̀ berZnul somxeTSi~ somxur eklesias neba darTo gaevrcelebina

somxuri anbani da somxurenovani wirva-locva;140 berZnul somxeTSi, somex-

Ta garda, cxadia, bevri qarTvelic cxovrobda, radganac es mxare istoriul

kapadokiaSi mdebareobda da kesaria-kapadokiis (pontos diocezis) nawili

iyo, sadac (kapadokiaSi) saerTod qarTvelebi cxovrobdnen (qarTvel mecni-

erTa Tanaxmad). kapadokiaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi, cnobilia, rom gaberZnd-

nen _ qarTvelTa erTi nawili ki SeiZleba `somexi~ gaxda, anu wevri


somxuri eklesiisa. etyoba, aqvs raRac safuZveli g. ter-mkrtiCians, roca is

agaTangelozs da koriuns identur pirebad miiCnevs da qarTvelad Tvlis.

Cans, somxur eklesiaSi ukve koriunis dros qarTveli mrevlic arsebobda.

Cans, gugarqSi mcxovrebi `somxurenovani~ mrevli, romelic ase xSirad

ixsenieba `epistoleTa wignSi~, erovnebiT qarTveli iyo saeklesio somx-

urenovani wirva-locviT (albanelTa msgavsad). istoriuli provinciebi:

gaCiani, gardabani, kuxeTi, romelnic Sediodnen hereTsa da gugarqSi

qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli iyo. maTi eTnarqebi iyvnen qarTlosis Svilebi _

gardabos, kuxos da gaCiosi.141

aseve yofila taoSic da mesxeTis zogierT sxva kuTxeSi VIII saukunemde.

marTalia, qarTvelebs aRniSnul mxareebSi miuRiaT somxurenovani wirva-

locva da zogierTni ki somxuri eklesiis wevrnic gamxdaran, magram maT

kargad scodniaT, rom isini gvar-tomobiT da erovnebiT qarTvelebi iyvnen

da ara somxebi (aseve icodnen armenizebulma albanelebma, rom isini erovnebiT

albanelebi iyvnen da ara somxebi). swored amitom isini Semdeg deda

eklesias daubrundnen.

Cans, Zvel saqarTveloSi somxuri eklesiis wevr qarTvels uwodebdnen

`sarwmunoebiT somexs~. amis Tqmis uflebas iZleva grigol bakurianis erTi

cnoba, romelic SeiZleba ase gavigoT, rom me naTesaviT qarTveli var,

magram myavs ̀ sarwmunoebiT somexi~ msaxurebio _ ̀ ...vinaAca menebos, naTesav-

Ta CemTa da msaxurTa CemTa daRacaTu somexni iyvnen sarwmunoebiTa~.142

SeiZleba, grigol bakuriani `sarwmunoebiT somexis~ qveS gulisxmobdes

Tavis msaxurs, magram es msaxuri (Tu naTesavi)~ gvariT e.i. erovnebiT ki ar

aris `somexi~, aramed `sarwmunoebiT~. grigol bakuriani kargad asxvavebs

erTmaneTisagan erovnebiT somexsa da sarwmunoebiT somexs. erovnebasa da

sarwmunoebas kargad rom asxvavebs erTmaneTisagan, es iqidan Cans, rom Tavi-

si Tavis (da saZmos) daxasiaTebisas is arasodes ar wers, me `sarwmunoebiT

qarTveli~ varo, aramed yovelTvis wers _ me erovnebiT ̀ naTesaviT~, ̀ gvariT~

var qarTvelio.

`qarTvelni varT naTesaviT mxneni da medgrobiT aRzrdilni~. `monazon-

ni monastrisa Cemisani guarad qarTvelni arian~.143

grigol bakurians naTesavebi da msaxurebi qarTvelebic hyolia, ̀ naTesav-

Ta da msaxurTa CemTa qarTvelTao~, wers is, magram amaTgan zogierTi

SeiZleboda, rom ̀ sarwmunoebiT somexi~ yofiliyo _ ̀ vinaAca menebos, naTe-

savTa CemTa da msaxurTa CemTa, daRaTu somexni iyvnen sarwmunoebiT~.

swored erovnebiT qarTvelebisaTvis, magram ̀ sarwmunoebiT somxebisaTvis~,

anu rac igivea, grigoriani qarTvelebis saWiroebisaTvis unda redaqtire-

buliyo `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali teqstebi armenofilebis mier.

rogorc sxva TavebSi aRiniSna, hereTSi, gugarqsa da mesxeTis zogierT

mxareSi (sxvadasxva saukuneebSi somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi moq-


ceul qarTvel mrevls aswavlidnen somxur anbans da maT eklesiebSic

somxurad iyo wirva-locva. cnobilia, rom mcxeTis jvris taZarSi aRmoCnda

qva somxuri warweriT (grafiti, amokawruli warwera), aseve, mcxeTis jvrisa

da atenis sionis qvis filebze arsebobs somxuri asoebi, amokveTili

qvismTlelebis mier. esaa qvismTlelTa niSnebi, anu damRebi. ̀ Tu qvismTlelTa

niSnebi _ somxuri asoebi niSnavs, rom xelosani iyo somexi da es niSani

misi inicialia, maSin am SemTxvevaSi qvismTlelTa da xelosanTa Soris

jvarze da aseve atenSi iyo somexTa garkveuli ricxvi~.144 ufro metic, am

niSnebsa da grafitze dayrdnobiT iseTi mosazrebac ki gamoiTqva, rom

jvris taZris arqiteqtori somexi iyo.145

rogorc vTqviT, hereTis, gugarqis da mesxeTis nawilis qarTveloba ̀ somx-

urenovani~ iyo, e.i. maT eklesiebSi wirva-locva aRniSnul saukuneSi somx-

urad tardeboda. aqedan gamomdinare, mosaxleobam icoda somxuri wera-

kiTxva. somxuri iswavleboda, qarTuli akrZaluli iyo. amitomac mcxeTis

jvarsa da atenis sionze arsebuli somxuri asoebi (da warwerebic) SeiZle-

ba imasac uCvenebdes, rom aq hereTidan, gugarqidan da taodan Camosuli

qarTveli xelosnebic muSaobdnen, romelnic maTTvis cnobil anbans (somx-

urs) iyenebdnen.

i. abulaZe Tvlis, rom dabali fenis qarTvel da somex morwmuneebs ar

gauwyvetiaT urTierTkavSiri. epistoleTa wignis Tanaxmad, qarTvelebi somxeTis

mTavar eklesiasa da sxva eklesiebSi loculobdnen. dabali fenebi 607-609

wlebis Semdegac TavianT wess ar Secvlidnen.146

somxuri eklesiis wevr qarTvelTa arsebobiT unda aixsnas is faqti, rom

maT qarTul wignebze TavianTi saeklesio eniT (somxuriT) minawerebi gaukeTe-

biaT. am garemoebiT aixsneba arseboba somxuri minawerebisa jruWis oTx-

Tavze, Satberdis krebulsa, an miqael modrekilis sagaloblebze. da ara

imiT, TiTqosda es minawerebi e.w. `qalkedoniki somxebis~ gakeTebuli iyos.

qarTvelTa kulturuli armenizacia mxolod XI saukunisaTvis SeiZlebo-

da rom dasrulebuliyo, somexTa Zlieri saxelmwifos gauqmebisa da qarTvelTa

erTiani saxelmwifos daarsebis Semdeg. kulturulad armenizebul qarTvelTa

saWiroebisaTvis Seqmnila `qarTlis cxovrebis~ àmbavi mefeTanis~ armeno-

filuri redaqcia. maSasadame, unda vivaraudoT, rom arsebobda ̀ ambavi mefe-

Tanis~ orgvari redaqcia _ armenofiluri da Cveulebrivi. àmbavi mefeT-

anis~ ̀ Cveulebrivi~ redaqcia Tavdapirveli iyo, xolo Semdgom am redaqci-

is armenofilebis mier gadamuSavebis Sedegad miRebul iqna is redaqcia,

romelmac moaRwia Cvenamde.

rodis iqna redaqtirebuli armenofilebis mier àmbavi mefeTani~? cno-

bilia, rom am redaqciaSi moipoveba cnoba, romlis Tanaxmad qarTuli

mwignobroba Seqmna mefe farnavazma da ara mesrop maStocma. es cnoba imiT

aris mniSvnelovani, rom miuxedavad am Txzulebis sruli armenizaciisa,


redaqtorebs ar SeucvliaT cnoba farnavazis mier qarTuli mwignobrobis

Seqmnis Sesaxeb. qarTuli anbanis mesrop maStocis mier Seqmnis legenda

Camoyalibda mogvianebiT X-XIII saukuneebSi (ix. epistoleTa wigni, z. aleq-

siZis Sesavali, gv. 46). amitomac unda vivaraudoT, rom ̀ qarTlis cxovreba~

armenofilebis mier redaqtirebul iqna mesrop maStocis mier qarTuli

anbanis Seqmnis Teoriis Camoyalibebamde, radganac imdenad armenofiluria

`qarTlis cxovreba~, rom SeuZlebelia aRniSnuli Teoria arsebuliyo da

mis redaqtors ar amoegdo iqidan farnavazis mier qarTuli mwignobrobis

Seqmnis cnoba. maSasadame, unda vivaraudoT, rom `qarTlis cxovreba~ (àm-

bavi mefeTani~) armenofilebis mier redaqtirebul iqna X saukunemde.

saqarTvelos gaerTianebisa da Zlieri qarTuli saxelmwifos arsebobis

dros XI-XIII saukuneSi armenofilur wreebs qarTvelTa augad xseneba ukve

aRar SeeZloT. am saukuneebSi, roca qarTveli eri Tavs iwonebda erovnuli

kulturis aRorZinebiT, aarsebda `sxva aTinasa~ da àxal ierusalims~,

mecnierebisa da sulieri kulturis msoflio mniSvnelobis kerebs, aRaravis

SeeZlo qarTvelTa winaprebisaTvis veluroba da kaciWamioba (gvamis mWame-

bloba) daewamebina. amitomac am dros warmoudgenelia, SeTxzuliyo `qarT-

lis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri Txzulebebi. ufro metic, cnobili, dawyebuli

XI saukunidan TiTqmis xelaxla ìTargmna~ yvela is qarTuli saeklesio

wigni, romelic odesRac somxuridan Targmnili anda redaqtirebuli iyo.

somxuri eklesia da somxeTic ki ukve TviTve gaxda augad saxsenebeli

qarTvelTa mier. magaliTad, giorgi mTawmideli somxur sarwmunoebas dasci-

noda bizantiis imperatoris winaSe, xolo ruis-urbnisis Zeglisweram somex-

Ta da sxvaTa saxelmwifos dangrevis mizezad sodomuri codvebi miiCnia.

XI-XIII saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi miuRebeli iyo yovelgvari armenofil-

uri Tvalsazrisi. am dros `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CvenTvis cnobili armeno-

filuri Txzulebis dawera, albaT, SeuZlebelia da leonti mrovelic, Seu-

Zlebelia, iyos avtori àmbavi mefeTanisa~.

àmbavi mefeTani~ uZveles drosve arsebobda, xolo X saukunemde is

redaqtirebul iqna armenofilTa mier.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavlis ukve arsebulma armenofilurma redaqciam

Tavi Seafara somxeTs. is Targmnes kidec somxurad am dros (XI-XIII ss)

somxeTSi TavSefarebuli es redaqcia saqarTveloSi aravis sWirdeboda.

am wignis (redaqciis) bedi Seicvala saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSla-

dasustebisa (XV) da saqarTveloSi grigorianuli eklesiis gavlenis aRo-

rZinebis Semdeg. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, sparseTi da osmaleTi XVI-XVIII

saukuneebSi ebrZodnen qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesias. qarTvelTa

mrevli mesxeTSi osmalebma daumorCiles konstantinopolis berZnul da

somxur sapatriarqoebs. osmalebis mier Sida qarTlis dapyrobis dros aq

somxuri eklesiis gavlena Zlier gaizarda. sparseTic XVI saukunis Sem-


deg aseve didi siyvaruliT ekideboda somxebis grigorianul eklesias.

somxebs uSenebdnen eklesiebsa da qalaqebs (mag. julfaSi), misces yovelg-

vari SeRavaTi da daxmareba. somxebi moqalaqeobrivad sparselebs gauTanabres,

amave dros ki, qarTuli eklesiis mrevls atyvevebdnen, sparseTis siRrmeSi

asaxlebdnen, anadgurebdnen. sparseTis politika saqarTveloSi iTvaliswinebda

somexTa yovelgvar SeRavaTs. aseT situaciaSi saqarTveloSi XVI-XVIII ss-Si

kvlav gaCnda somxuri eklesiis qarTuli mrevli. gansakuTrebiT bevri qarTveli

grigoriani cxovrobda Sida da qvemo qarTlSi, kaxeTsa da mesxeTSi.

swored am dros, saqarTveloSi qarTveli grigorianuli mrevlis gaCenis

dros, maTi armenizaciis daCqarebis mizniT moZebnili iqna da xelaxla

gamoCnda `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri redaqcia.

rostom mefe, romelic sparseTis warmomadgeneli iyo saqarTveloSi, yov-

el Rones xmarobda sparsuli politikis gatarebisaTvis. sparsuli poli-

tika ki yovelmxriv xels uwyobda somxur eklesias, somex vaWar-xelosan-

amqarTa gaZlierebas mTel sparseTSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSic. ros-

tomi prosomxuri orientaciisa iyo, sparseTis interesebidan gamomdinare.

Cans, amitomac rostomis samefo karze yuradReba miaqcies `qarTlis cx-

ovrebis~ Sesavlis armenofilur redaqcias da rostomis meuRlem, mariam

dedofalma, misi gadaweris SekveTa misca.

am droisaTvis ukve dakarguli iyo ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavlis ̀ Cveu-

lebrivi~ redaqcia da mxolod armenofiluri arsebobda, magram es armeno-

filuri redaqcia misaRebi iyo qarTveli marTlmadideblebisaTvis, maT

Soris mariam dedoflisaTvisac, radganac ukeTesi aRar arsebobda.

ivane javaxiSvili farsadan gorgijaniZis `istoriis~ ganxilvisas wers,

rom TviT ganaTlebul qarTvelebsac ki erovnuli istoriis Sesaxeb Zalze

mciredi warmodgena hqondaT da `qarTlis cxovreba~ arc ki enaxaT. far-

sadan gorgijaniZe rostom mefis karze iyo aRzrdili, `rostom mefem

viTac Svili gamzarda da mravali wyaloba dammarTa...~ _ wers is,147

`swored ganmacvifrebeli da daujerebeli ramaa, rom saistorio cnobebi

imdroindel saqarTvelos ganaTlebul wreebs, romelTa jgufs, ueWvelia,

ekuTvnoda rostom mefis maxlobeli kaci, istorikosi farsadan gorgijaniZe,

saqarTvelos istoria ase maxinjad hqoniaT dazepirebuli!.. vaxtang gorgasa-

li mirian mefis Svili iyoo. es SemTxveviTi Secdoma ar aris, avtori

srulebiT darwmunebuli yofila, rom mirian mefe vaxtang gorgaslis mama

iyo. Tu aseTs maRalxarisxovans da mefis maxlobel moxeles da istorikoss,

rogoric iyo farsadan gorgijaniZe, ase domxaliviT hqonda areuli samSob-

lo qveynis warsuli da Tavgadasavali, ase zRaprulad hqonda warmodgenili

qarTuli saukeTeso wyaroebi aramcTu wakiTxuli, TvaliTac ki nanaxi ara

hqonia, maS danarCens xalxs, Cveulebrivs, SuaTana SeZlebisa da codnis

patrons, raRa warmodgena unda hqonoda? rasakvirvelia, araferi!...148


swored zemoT aRniSnulis gamo, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri

nusxis aRmoCena namdvili zeimi unda yofiliyo im drois qarTvelTaTvis _

sayovelTao ucodinarobas erovnuli istoriisas ̀ qarTlis cxovreba~ avsebda.

qarTvel grigorianebs ki gaaxarebda `qarTlis cxovrebis~ `ambavi mefe-

Tani~ Tavisi armenofiluri tendenciebis gamo. Cans, armenofilebs kidev

erTxel uredaqtirebiaT is da kidev ufro gaumZafrebiaT armenofiluri

tendenciebi.

qarTvel grigorianebs XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi, Tumca samSoblosa da eris

didi siyvaruli hqondaT da TavianT Tavs `qarTvelad~, anda `saqarTvelos

Svilad~ Tvlidnen, magram isini uyoymanod aRiarebdnen somxuri kulturisa

da istoriis upiratesobas. magaliTad, ̀ farsadan gorgijaniZe q. goriTgana

yofila. Tavis Tavs igi musulmanTa samarTlis wignSi ̀ jami abasis~ qarTuls

TargmanSi qarTvels uwodebs. broses ki hgonia, rom igi somexi unda yofil-

iyo. SesaZlebelia, miT umetes, rom misi nawarmoebis pirvel nawilSi somx-

eTis istoriis ambebs sapatio adgili aqvs daTmobili~.149

marTalia, is gaqarTvelebul somxad miiCneva, magram piriqiT, is `grigo-

riani~ qarTvelia, anu gasomxebuli qarTveli. mas musulmanobac miuRia,150

magram am dros is mainc gasomxebuli qarTvelia. im dros, rogorc n.

irbaxi da mravali TviTmxilveli werda, saqarTveloSi yoveldRiurad mravali

qarTveli somxdeboda, rogorc maRali, ise dabali wodebisa, gansakuTrebiT

ki somxdebodnen qarTveli yma-glexebi (somexi mebatonisa) da tyveobisagan

gamoxsnili (somexTa mier) _ qarTvelebi. es is droa, roca Sah-abasi da

sxva (mis wina da mis Semdeg) sparsi Tu osmalo mmarTvelebi qarTvelebs

atyvevebdnen, saqarTvelos aoxrebdnen, qarTul eklesias ebrZodnen. amave

dros ki Sah-abasi da sxvebi iranis dedaqalaqSi (ispahanis ubanSi _ jul-

faSi) somxebs eklesiebs uSenebdnen; somxur eklesiebs iranel ostatebs

alamazebinebdnen da evropel ostatebs axatvinebdnen, magaliTad, `rac Se-

exeba ̀ vanqis~ eklesias, igi Tavisi arqiteqturuli gadawyvetiT, mooqrouli

WeriTa da gumbaTiT, daxvewili gemovnebiT Sesrulebuli mxatvrobiT, julfis

yvelaze mniSvnelovan TvalsaCino Zegls warmoadgens. `vanqis~ eklesiis

xuroTmoZRvreba da kedlis ornamenti, moxatuloba iranel ostatebs ekuTvniT,

xolo siuJeturi kompoziciebi evropel fermwerTa mieraa Sesrulebuli...151

amave dros ki sionis meCeTad gadaqcevas cdilobdnen. aseT epoqaSi

somexTa gaqarTveleba warmoudgenelia, xolo qarTvelTa gasomxebis Sesax-

eb TviTmxilveli evropeli misionerebi da qarTveli moRvaweebi werdnen.

gasomxebuli qarTveli farsadan gorgijaniZe wers saqarTvelos, misi

samSoblos istorias, magram armenofiluri tendenciiT. Tavis saqarTvelos

istoriis pirvel nawilSi somxeTis istoriis ambebs sapatio adgili dauT-

mo, aRwera somexTa Trdat mefis ambavi: `...romlis Semdgom me-9 gverdamde

somxeTis istoriis mokle cnobebia moyvanili. mere me-10 gverdze moTxrobilia


sul mokled bagrationTa mosvla saqarTveloSi, maTi gaqarTveleba...~152

(`...daviT gabatonda somexTa qoronikons...~, `...aqamadisan rom somxobas ukan

batonoba uqniaT qarTvelobaSigan...~ ̀ somexT qordass...~ ̀ somexi qoronikoniT~

`somexTcxovreba~, ̀ somexT xelmwife~, es da sxva msgavsi winadadebebi xSirad

gvxvdeba mis istoriaSi). mis saqarTvelos istoriaSi wina planzea somxeTi

da somexTa Tavgadasavals Zalze sapatio adgili uWiravs. am mxriv misi

Txzuleba Zalze hgavs `ambavi mefeTanis~ armenofilur redaqcias.

Cans, swored farsadan gorgijaniZis msgavs qarTvel moRvaweebs xelaxla

uredaqtirebiaT `qarTlis cxovreba~ vaxtang VI-is epoqaSi.

erTmaneTs Seadares vaxtangamde (vaxtangis winare _ e.w. `Zveli qarTlis

cxovrebisa~) da vaxtangis Semdgomi (.e.w. ̀ axali qarTlis cxovreba~) teqste-

bi, romelnic aleqsandre makedonelis saqarTveloSi laSqrobas Seexeba.

vaxtangis Semdgomi ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ saanalizo teqstebi miuTiTeben,

rom maTSi Zalze gamZafrebulia qarTvelTa augi, kerZod, axal redaq-

torebs `leonti mrovelisad~ miCneul teqstSi CaurTavT zedmeti adgile-

bi qarTvelTa bilw CvevaTa warmoCenisaTvis.

magaliTad, vaxtangis winare redaqciebis Tanaxmad, aleqsandre `movida

qarTlad da pova yovelni qarTvelni uborotes yovelTa naTesavTa sjul-

iTa. rameTu col-qmrobisa da siZvisaTvis ara uCnda naTesaoba, yovelsasa

suliersa sWamdes, mkvdars SeSWamdes~, _ amiT am redaqciebSi mTavrdeba

qarTvelTa augi da iwyeba sxva ambavi vaxtangis Semdgom redaqciebSi (s.

yauxCiSvilis mier, 1955 wels dabeWdili `qarTlis cxovreba~) qarTvelTa

augi grZeldeba ase `...yovelsa suliersa Wamdes, mkvdrisa SesWamdes, vi-

Tarca mxecni da pirutyvni, romelTa qcevisa warmoTqma uxm ars da ixilna

ra ese naTesavni sastikni warmarTni, romelTa igi Cven bunTurgad da

yivCaRad uwodT, msdgareni mdinaresa mas mtkvrisasa mixveviT~.153

`mrovelis teqstSi amis win naTqvami iyo, rom qarTlSi Semosulma aleqsan-

drem hpovna `yovelni qarTvelni uborotes yovelTa naTesavTa sjuliTa~.

gamodis, TiTqos bun-Turqad da yivCaRad wodebulni sastikni naTesavni

iyvnen ̀ yovelni qarTvelni~.154

ase amZafrebs axali redaqtori XVI saukunis Semdgom qarTvelTa augs.

mas Tavis wyarod, q. cxadaZis gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, gamouyenebia arsen

beris Txzuleba, magram aRsaniSnavia, rom arsen beri saZraxis Cvevebs

miawerda ara qarTvelebs, aramed qarTvelebis mosvlamde saqarTveloSi

mcxovreb sxva xalxs, xolo axalma redaqtorma es Tvisebebi qarTvelebze

gadaitana. Teimuraz bagrationi kategoriulad uaryofda imis SesaZleblo-

bas, rom qarTvelebs msgavsi Cveva hqondaT.

`Teimurazi kategoriulad acxadebs, ̀ araQWeSmarit ars~ da mravali uar-

sayofi argumentis moyvanis Semdeg mtkiced askvnis, rom amisi msgavsi

Cveuleba aramc Tu qarTlosianTa Soris, aramed saerTod aziis erTa Sorisac

arasodes yofilao~.155


zogierT mkvlevarTa azriT, qarTvelni aseTi saZageli Cvevebis mqoned

miiCnies qarTvelma saeklesio pirebma garkveuli mizniT `eklesiisa Cvenisa

moZRvarni uZagebdes maT gardavlilTa winaparTa maTTa da maTsa ityodes

mravalTa uwesoTa qcevaTa da arawmidaTa da mkvdarTa Wamasa xorcsa ka-

cisasa... raTa qristes sarwmunoebasa zeda moqceulTa erTa SeiZulon Cveule-

bani da zneni winaparTa kerpTmsaxurebisani~ (Teimuraz bagrationis azria).156

marTalia, nikoloz gulaberiZe werda, gaqristianebamde qarTvelebi ̀ umZ-

vinvaresni da uveluresni~ iyvneno, magram miuxedavad amisa, ar SeiZleba

gaziarebul iqnas Teimurazis mosazreba. ara qarTuli eklesiis moZRvrebma

daxates qarTvelTa winaprebi velurebad, aramed im Zalebma, romelnic

saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da eklesiis dasustebisas cdilobdnen qarTvelTa

sxva xalxSi asimilacia gaeadvilebinaT.

qarTvelTa erovnuli siamayis Sesusteba survili iyo ucxo Zalebisa

rTuli politikuri situaciis dros.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ xelaxla gamocemis dros sasurvelia masSi aRar Sev-

ides is Seuracxmyofeli CanarTebi, romelnic ganekuTvneba vaxtang VI-is Semdgom

epoqas, miT umetes, rom mari broses mier gamocemul `qarTlis cxovrebasa~ da

mis frangul TargmanSi am CanarTebis erTi nawili Setanili ar aris.

qarTvelTa armenizaciis Sesaxeb

amJamad, rogorc wesi, miiCneva, rom Sua saukuneebSi mimdinareobda sxva-

dasxva eTnikuri jgufebisa da agreTve somexTa gaqarTveleba. TiTqosda es

xdeboda sarwmunoebrivi gziT, qalkedonituri sarwmunoebis miRebis Semdeg

somxebi eqceodnen qarTul kulturul garemoSi da isini qarTveldebodnen.

miiCneva, rom qalkedonitoba aris qarTvelTa erovnuli sarwmunoeba, xolo

monofizitoba (grigorianoba) somexTa erovnuli sarwmunoebaa. Tu somxebi

qalkedonitobis miRebiT qarTveldebodnen, maSin unda vivaraudoT, rom aseve

qarTvelebi somxdebodnen grigorianobis miRebiT.

hqonda Tu ara adgili aseT process, iRebdnen Tu ara qarTvelebi somxur

sarwmunoebas, eqceodnen Tu ara isini somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi

da amiT somxdebodnen?

Cvens mecnierebaSi araa miRebuli msjeloba qarTvelTa gasomxebis Sesaxeb,

maSin roca somexTa gaqarTvelebis Sesaxeb wers yvela mecnieri, romelic

exeba V-XVIII saukuneebis saqarTvelos istorias, amitomac Tu SeiZleba

msjeloba somexTa gaqarTvelebis Sesaxeb, maSin qarTvelTa gasomxebis Sesax-

ebac msjeloba ar unda iwvevdes araviTar uxerxulobas da WeSmaritebis

dadgena umTavresi unda iyos.

pirobebi qarTvelTa gasomxebisaTvis Seqmnili iyo araTu Sua saukuneebSi,

aramed XIX saukuneSic ki. amis damamtkicebeli magaliTebis moyvanamde

unda iTqvas somxuri sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb.


miRebulia, rom somxuri eklesia monofizituri eklesiaa, sinamdvileSi ki

somxur eklesias, da saerTod, somxebs, mxolod pirobiT Tu ewodebaT aseTi

saxeli. somxur eklesias gaaCnia Taviseburi, gansakuTrebuli sarwmunoeba,

romelic, marTalia, mimdevaria monofizituri dogmatikisa, magram amave

dros uaxlovdeba diofiziturs (e.i. marTlmadideblobas).157

marTalia, somxurma eklesiam uaryo qalkedonis kreba, romelic misi

azriT nestorianobis aRorZinebas uwyobda xels, magram amave dros, monofiz-

itobis mraval mimarTulebas Soris imas gahyva, romelic axlos idga

marTlmadideblobasTan. es aris TavisTavadi sarwmunoeba, romelsac ewode-

ba kidec somxuri erovnuli sarwmunoeba. somex TeologTa azriT, es aris

is dogmatika, romelsac qadagebda wmida grigori (anu es aris nikeis I

msoflio krebis qristologiao).

amitomac, somxur erovnul sarwmunoebas wmida grigoris sarwmunoeba,

xolo eklesias `somxur-grigorianuli eklesia~ hqvia.

imis gamo, rom wmida grigoris eklesia arc mtkice monofizituria, da

arc diofizituri, aramed raRac saSualo SemTanxmebluri qristianobis

sxvadasxva dapirispirebul mimarTulebaTa Soris, eklesia iqca gaWirvebis

Jams TavSesafarebel savaned sruliad sxvadasxva sarwmunoebrivi mima-

rTulebis qristiani xalxebisaTvis, sadac maTi sarwmunoebrivi grZnobebi

da rwmena TiTqmis ar ibRaleboda.

somxuri eklesia albanelebis, qarTvelebis, sirielebisa da sparseli

qristianebisTvisac ki mSobliuri eklesia iyo. amas adasturebs somex-

qarTvel-albanelTa gaerTianebuli krebebi, romlebic tardeboda somxeTSi

V saukunis Semdeg, cnobilia, rom sparseli qristianebi (VI-VII ss.) somxuri

eklesiis meTaurs ekiTxebodnen rCevas da moiTxovdnen misgan miTiTebas

(Semonaxulia epistoleebi sparseli qristianebisa somexi kaTalikosisad-

mi). somxur eklesiaSi mravlad moRvaweobdnen sirielebi, agreTve albanelebi

(magaliTad, mose kalankatueli) da qarTvelebi (kirion kaTalikosi

saqarTveloSi Camosvlamde somxeTis mTavari eklesiis winamZRvari da air-

aratis provinciis qorepiskoposi iyo).

rogorc iTqva, somxuri sarwmunoeba erovnulia, radganac misi dogmatika

gansxvavdeba da ganirCeva sxva sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebebisagan da axa-

siaTebs mxolod mas. amiT somxuri eklesia erovnuli eklesiaa.

aris Tu ara qalkedonitoba mxolod qarTvelTa sarwmunoeba? ar aris. am

TvalsazrisiT, qarTvelebs erovnuli sarwmunoeba ar gaaCniaT. qalkedoni-

toba, upirveles yovlisa, ̀ berZnuli sarwmunoebaa~ (qarTvelebi ̀ berZnuls~

uwodebdnen msoflio (kaTolike) _ sayovelTao eklesias).

qalkedonitoba msoflio sarwmunoebaa. saqarTvelos mezobeli didi qris-

tianuli imperiebis, bizantiisa da ruseTis sarwmunoeba qalkedonituri iyo,

amitomac jer bizantiasTan da mere ruseTTan mebrZoli158 sparselebi (VII


saukunemde), arabebi (X saukunemde), Turqebi (XI saukunis Semdeg) da kvlav

sparselebi (XVI saukunis Semdeg) qarTvelebis qalkedonitur sarwmunoe-

bas ganixilavdnen rogorc mowinaaRmdege imperiebis _ mtris sarwmunoebas,

daundoblad ebrZodnen qarTvelebsa da qarTul eklesias. am dros ki

somxuri eklesia, rogorc neitraluri sarwmunoebis mqone, maTTvis misaRebi

iyo. ufro metic, somxuri eklesiis meSveobiT cdilobdnen qalkedonitobis

aRmofxvras saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaSi.

sparselebi VII saukunis 20-ian wlebamde Tu rogori pativiscemiT epyro-

bodnen da aZlierebdnen somxur eklesias, da Semdgom ki arabebi Tu rogor

ebrZodnen amierkavkasiis qveynebSi (albaneTsa da saqarTveloSi) somxuri

eklesiis saSualebiT qalkedonitebs, amis Sesaxeb naTqvamia sxva TavebSi.

marTalia, imis Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom gaaerTiana Tavisi miwebi da ara

marto kavkasiaSi, aramed mcire aziaSic vasaluri saxelmwifoebrivi er-

Teulebi daaarsa (XI-XIII saukuneebSi) qarTuli eklesiis (qalkedonitobis)

sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba aravis SeeZlo, magram erTiani saqarTvelos sax-

elmwifos daSlis Semdeg (XV s.) mezobeli TurqeTi da irani iwyeben oms

qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg. samagierod, rogorc TurqeTi, ise irani aZlier-

eben somxur eklesias da mas uqvemdebareben TavianT saxelmwifoebSi mcx-

ovreb qarTvelebsa da sxva erebs.

Turqebma konstantinopolis `axladSeqmnil somexTa sapatriarqos dau-

morCiles: somxebi, sirielebi, qaldevelebi, koptebi, qarTvelebi (igulisxme-

ba am dros Turqebis mier samxreT saqarTvelos dapyrobili provinciebis

qarTvelebi, yars-arzrumisa da nawilobriv, imier taos mimdebare midamoeb-

is qarTuli mosaxleoba), abisinielebi~.159 somxuri sapatriarqosadmi damor-

Cilebuli qarTvelebi somxdebodnen, ara marto imitom, rom maT eklesiebSi

inergeboda somxuri ena da isini grigoriandebodnen, aramed imitomac, rom

maT samoqalaqo _ sasamarTlo saqmeebsac ki wyvetda konstantinopolis

somexTa sapatriarqo.160

mesxeTis qarTveli qristianebi Turqebma dauqvemdebares somxur ekle-

sias, riTac gagrigoriandnen. ̀ am mxriv, rogorc Cans, nayofier moRvaweobas

eweoda agreTve konstantinopolis grigorianuli sapatriarqo, romlis uf-

lebasac XV saukunis meore naxevridan daeqvemdebara agreTve samcxe-

saaTabagos qarTuli eklesia. qarTvelTa grigorianul sarwmunoebaze miqcevis

tendenciebi aSkarad SeimCneva imier taosa da arzrumis sasazRvro pro-

vinciebis qarTul mosaxleobaSi. rogorc safiqrebelia, yarsisa da arzru-

mis qarTuli marTlmadidebluri samwyso (karelisa da arzrumelis saepisko-

posoebi), romlebmac XVII saukunemde moaRwies, saukunis bolos mTlianad

gauqmda da mrevli Zalauneburad Seerwya Turqul-musulmanur Tu somxur-

grigorianul religiebs. aqaur marTlmadidebelTa (qarTvelTa) gagrigori-

anebis (gasomxebis) faqti dadasturebuli aqvs mkvlevar ignati fafazians


Tavis èklesiis cxovrebaSi~. aseTive viTareba Seiqmna XVI-XVII saukuneebSi

tyiani artaanisa da patara artaanis TemebSi, Cildiris tbis midamoebSi...~161

ara marto mesxeTSi, aramed yvelgan saqarTveloSi, sadac ki Turqebi

batonobdnen, somxur eklesias ufleba eZleoda qarTvel qristianebze, xolo

qarTuli eklesia idevneboda.

`TiTqos gasakviria, magram faqtia, XV saukunis Sua xanebSi TurqeTis

dapyrobil teritoriaze arnaxulad gaizarda rogorc somex vaWar-mrewvelTa,

ise somxur-grigorianuli eklesiis Zliereba da avtoriteti. sakuTari

saxelmwifo dakarguli somexi xalxi TurqeTis sulTanebs TavianTi poli-

tikis dasayrden iaraRad miaCndaT~.162

konstantinopolis aRebis Semdeg Turqebma gaauqmes berZnuli politikuri

xelisufleba. àmieridan rCeboda mxolod berZnuli marTlmadidebluri

eklesia, konstantinopolis sapatriarqo, romelic qveyanaSi jer kidev didi

gavleniT sargeblobda. mosalodneli eqscesebis Tavidan asacdenad, rogorc

osmalebi fiqrobdnen, saWiro iyo gamonaxuliyo mesame Zala, romelic daupir-

ispirdeboda konstantinopolis sapatriarqos, bzars Seitanda marTlma-

didebelTa uflebebSi da mis realur konkurentad gadaiqceoda. sulTnis

mTavrobam aseT mesame Zalad miiCnia TurqeTis imperiaSi mcxovrebi somxebi

da maTi somxur-grigorianuli eklesia, romelic ekonomiurad maSin sak-

maod moRonierebuli Canda... sulTan mehmed II-s konstantinopoleli somxe-

bi miaCnda Tavisi interesebis erTgul damcvelad. saerTod, qristianul

religiur mimdinareobaSi somexTa Taviseburi seqta, romelsac mogvianebiT

(1836 wels) grigorianoba Seerqva, somxebs gansakuTrebul da SedarebiT

privilegirebul mdgomareobaSi ayenebda rogorc TurqeTSi, ise iranSi. ase

Seiqmna meore somxuri sapatriarqo konstantinopolSi. amrigad, somexi

xalxi somxuri saxelmwifos ararsebobis pirobebSi ucbad ori sapatri-

arqos (eCmiaZin-konstantinopolis) da ori sakaTalikosos (sisis da axtam-

aris) patroni gaxda~.163

saqarTvelo gayofili iyo TurqeTsa da irans Soris. Tu saqarTvelos Turqul

nawilSi qarTvelebis gasomxebas Turqebi uwyobdnen xels, iranul nawilSi

(qarTlsa da kaxeTSi) qarTvelebis gasomxeba sparselebis nebiT xdeboda.

im dros, roca saqarTvelos kaTalikosi evdemoz diasamiZe sparsma xe-

lisufalma kldidan gadaagdebina, xolo kaTalikosi domenti stambolis

cixeSi iyo gamoketili, iranis dedaqalaqSi sparseli Sahebis xelSewyobiT

agebdnen somxur eklesiebs brwyinvale arqiteqturuli gadawyvetiT, moo-

qrouli WeriTa da gumbaTebiT, daxvewili gemovnebiT Sesrulebuli mx-

atvrobiT (1605-1663 ww),164 amave dros ki Tbilisis sioni kinaRam mahmadia-

nur meCeTad gadaakeTes.

ùfro metic, sparseTSi gasaxlebul somxebs Sahi nebas rTavda da pi-

radadac exmareboda eklesiebis mSeneblobaSi, dadioda maT qristianul

dResaswaulebze, eswreboda qristianul ceremonialebs, misi gansakuTrebu-


li brZanebiT sjidnen yvelas, vinc somex qristians Seuracxyofas miayeneb-

da... abraam erevanci sulTan ahmad III-s somexTa keTildReobaze mzrunvel-

sa da `somexi xalxis meurves~ eZaxis, ufro metic, nadir-Sahis mier somxe-

bisadmi gamocemuli rayamebidan IV rayamSi vkiTxulobT _ `Tu romelime

somexi qristiani miiRebs mahmadianur sarwmunoebas, maSin mas CamoerTmeva

mTeli misi memkvidreoba~.165 amave dros qarTvelebs iZulebiT amahmadi-

anebdnen, maSasadame, Tu qarTvels qristianad darCena undoda, is unda

gasomxebuliyo, radganac somxis gamahmadianebas kanoni krZalavda.

am epoqaSi qarTl-kaxeTi ZiriTadad sparselebis xelSi iyo da sparse-

Tis saxelmwifoSi Sedioda, amitomac saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc mTel

sparseTSi, somxebi privilegirebul mdgomareobaSi iyvnen, xolo qarTuli

eklesiis mrevli _ devnili.

imis Semdeg, rac .̀..iranis Sahma eCmiaZins, rogorc somexTa sarwmunoebriv

centrs, mowyale TvaliT Sexeda~,166 somexTa sarwmunoebrivi centri ganuzomlad

gamdidrda, gafarTovda da Tavisi gavlena gaavrcela mezobel qveynebze.

`eCmiaZins mniSvnelovani mamulebi hqonda Tavrizsa da TbilisSi. mam-

ulebTan erTad isini yidulobdnen agreTve yma-glexebs, romlebic amuSavebdnen

nayid miwebs. mag., 1715 wels kaTalikos astvacatur amadnelma TbilisSi

iyida ymebad xaxutaiSvilebis ramdenime ojaxi, ris Semdeg isini didxans

eCmiaZinis nasyid ymebad iTvlebodnen~.167

cnobilia, rom is qarTveli yma-glexebi, romelTac eCmiaZini da saerTod,

somxuri eklesia yidulobda, iRebdnen grigorianul sarwmunoebas da somxde-

bodnen.

qarTveli glexebis gasomxebis faqti aRwerili aqvs misioner ambrozis.

mas SeumCnevia, rom somxdebodnen ara marto somxuri eklesiis mier nayidi

qarTveli glexebi, aramed somxdeboda im qarTuli soflebis mosaxleoba,

romelsac iZendnen mdidari somxebi. 1640 wels is romSi gzavnis werils.

qarTvelebio, _ wers _ `raki maTi xelqveiTi gaxdebian, bevri maTgani

gadadis somxis weszed~... mdidari somxebi ki, romelTac SeeZloT saqarTvelo-

Si soflebis, mamulebisa da ymebis SeZena, mravlad iyvnen rogorc sparseT-

Si, ise TurqeTSi (sparseTSi Sedioda qarTl-kaxeTi, TurqeTSi _ mesxeTi).

sparseTis somxebma `Seqmnes julfis savaWro kompania, kavSiri daamyares

italiis, safrangeTis, prusiis samrewveloebTan, Seqmnes TavianTi kantorebi

indoeTis TiTqmis yvela did qalaqSi, iavasa da filipinis kunZulebze da

sxva... TurqeTisa da meore mxriv, sparseTis mesveurTa politikis wyalobiT

XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi somxuri savaWro kapitali saerTaSoriso arenaze

gavida. maT vxedavT Savi zRvis, egeosis zRvis, xmelTaSua zRvis, atlantisa

da indoeTis okeaneebis auzebSi da sxva~.168

swored am dros, roca somxebs TavianTi sibrZnisa da gonierebis meoxe-

biT saSualeba hqondaT simdidre moepovebinaT, indoeTisa da wynari okeaneebis


sanapiro qveynebSic ki, qarTvelobas atyvevebdnen da samSoblodan asax-

lebdnen, devnidnen da amahmadianebdnen.

Sah-abasma kaxeTis qarTveloba (Cans, 300 aTasi suli) daatyveva, sparseTSi

gadaasaxla da iZulebiT gaamahmadiana, amave dros ki, Sah-abasis piradi

meTvalyureobiT Sendeboda ispahan-julfas brwyinvale somxuri eklesiebi.

sparselebi qarTlis aklebis drosac uamrav qarTvels atyvevebdnen da

sparseTSi mierekebodnen. swored aseT dros somxuri eklesia exmareboda

da tyveobidan ixsnida grigorianuli sarwmunoebis mqone mosaxleobas.

datyvevebisa da gadasaxlebis dros irRveoda qarTuli ojaxebi. mama

iranis erT kuTxeSi iyideboda, Svilebi ki _ sxvagan, Tavisufleba da yovel-

gvari adamianuri Rirseba ispoboda. am saSineli gasaWiridan Tavis daxsna

SeiZleboda grigorianuli sarwmunoebis miRebiT, radganac iranSi arsebu-

li kanonebiT, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, grigorianuli sarwmunoebis mqone

mosaxleoba devnas ar ganicdida.

`...1741 wels agvistoSi, roca yizilbaSebma qarTli aikles, mere gausies

marbieli avRanisa da saca ram darCeniliyo, daatyveves... gamarjvebulma

sparselebma, roca qarTlis tyveebi daagroves da iranSi gasarekad gaamza-

des, am dros nadir-Sahis winaSe gamocxaddnen somxuri eklesiis warmomad-

genlebi, miarTves mas 300 Tumani fuli, 300 fuTi xorbali da ixsnes

Soreul iranSi gasarekad gamzadebuli 300 somxuri ojaxi imis gamo, rom

qarTvelTa Soris aseTi saxsrebi Znelad saSovari iyo, Cvens qveyanas didZali

xalxi ekargeboda. es viTareba somxur sarwmunoebas saqarTveloSi popu-

larulsa da mimzidvels xdida~.169

qarTvelTa gasomxebas masobrivi xasiaTi miuRia da yoveldRiurad Turme

imdroindeli damkvirvebeli sakuTari TvaliT xedavda, Tu rogor somxdebod-

nen qarTvelebi. es iqidanac Cans, rom am faqts adasturebs iseTi gamoCenili

moRvawe-mogzauri, rogoric iyo nikoloz ColoyaSvili (nikifore irbaxi).

nikoloz ColoyaSvili saqarTveloSi erT-erTi yvelaze gavleniani sa-

suliero piri iyo. mas elCadac agzavnidnen evropaSi, miiRo espaneTis mefem,

romSi qarTuli wignis gamocemisTvis izruna, pativs scemda romis papi. is

ara marto kaxeTsa da qarTlSi, aramed samegreloSic moRvaweobda. amito-

mac sityva im kacisa, romelic kargad icnobda ara marto saqarTvelos

yoveli kuTxis, aramed imdroindeli msoflios cxovrebas, WeSmariti iyo da

mxolod simarTles Seicavda. man erT krebaze, romelsac eswreboda ros-

tom mefe, saqarTvelos kaTalikosi da episkoposebi, ganacxada: `yoveldRe

Cveni TvaliT vxedavT, rom mravalni qarTvelni somxdebian da ufro mome-

tebuli maTgani mahmadis sarwmunoebasac Rebulobs~.170 rostom mefe, kaTali-

kosi da episkoposebi mas daeTanxmnen.

sparsTa da TurqeTis mier dapyrobil saqarTvelos kuTxeebSi qarTvele-

bi somxdebodnen, agreTve mahmadiandebodnen, an kaTolikobas iRebdnen.


qarTvelebi gansakuTrebiT somxdebodnen (anu grigorianul sarwmunoebas

iRebdnen) qalaqebSi da gzispira savaWro adgilebSi, gzispira soflebSi.

adamianis gasomxeba imiT gamoixateboda, rom is aRiarebda Tavis Tavs

somxuri eklesiis wevrad.

am dros mas Cveulebriv rCeboda Tavisi qarTuli ena, qarTuli adaT-

wesebi da Cvevebi, mis cxovrebaSi TiTqmis araferi icvleboda, garda imisa,

rom mahmadianebisagan axla, is ukve daculi iyo somxuri eklesiis mier.

evropeli misionerebi, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis aRwerdnen, rom imdroin-

del qarTlSi batonobdnen somxebi. amas aRniSnaven ara marto evropelebi,

aramed qarTvelebic. magaliTad, saqarTvelos kaTalikosi nikoloz VIII

1742 wels Tavis werilSi romis paps, benediqte XIV-s swored amas SesCivis

_ ̀ Cemi didi xnis wadilis Sesruleba somxebma ar damacales, radgan isini

axla Cven aRar gvijereben da am qveyanaSi Tavisi nebisamebr batonoben.

Tqveni patri kapucinebi daamwyvdies da egodenad hgvemes da daawylules,

uaresis qmna aRar SeiZleboda. gaaupatiures wmida xatebi da jvrebi Tqve-

ni eklesiisa... daiWires kaTolikebi Tu mamakacebi, Tu dedakacebi, Tu ranairad

Seuracxyves: qoneba sul waarTves da ZaliT kaTolike sarwmunoebasa da

TavianT mSoblebs ganaSores... SegvewieT, nu miuSvebT, raTa emodeni xalxi

warwymdes, nurc CaugdebT Tqvens SeZenils erT gacofebul urwmunoebs...~171

Tanamedrove mkiTxvels SeiZleba eCvenos, rom saqarTvelos patriarqis

am werilSi saqme Seexeba ara qarTvel marTlmadideblebs, aramed mxolod

kaTolikeebs. sinamdvileSi, werili saerTod qarTvelebs Seexeba, radganac

saqarTvelos kaTalikosi amave werilSi paps moaxsenebs, rom is da misi

eklesiis qarTveli mrevli papis erTgulia, amitomac is SesTxovs paps

gasomxebisagan daifaros qarTvelebi. werilSi axsenebs kidec qarTvelebsa

da mis ers. is paps swers: `Cveni qveyana Tqven gemorCilebaT... aw yvela

qarTveli umorCilesad gevedrebiT, raTa am provincias xeli ar aaRoT da

ukapucinebod ar dagvtovoT...~172

ratom aRiareben am momentSi qarTveli warCinebulebi da gamoCenili

pirebi papis uzenaesobas? im mizezis gamo, rom osmalebi da sparselebi

marTlmadidebel qarTvelebs iZulebiT asomxebdnen, an aTaTrebdnen. amito-

mac eris erTianobis gadarCenisaTvis papis uzenaesobis aRiarebiT mahmadi-

anTa yuradRebis modunebas cdilobdnen. cnobilia, rom isini papis qveSevr-

domebs (`frangebs~ _ kaTolikebs) naklebad devnidnen. marTlac, papis uze-

naesobis garegani aRiarebiT qarTveli qarTveladve rCeboda, xolo gagrigo-

rianebis, an gamahmadianebisas qarTvelebi erovnebas kargavdnen _ somxde-

bodnen, an TaTrdebodnen.

aq ara sarwmunoebrivi, aramed erovnuli momenti iyo arsebiTi, Torem

sarwmunoebrivad qarTvelebs TavianTi Tavi mtkice marTlmadideblad mi-

aCndaT da erTgulebdnen kidec mas.


somexma ierarqebma icodnen, rom qarTvelebi paps eloliavebodnen ara

sarwmunoebis gamo, aramed gasomxebisgan Tavdacvis mizniT, amitomac sas-

tikad devnidnen aseT qarTvelebs: cemdnen, aSorebdnen col-qmars erTma-

neTs, arTmevdnen bavSvebs, saxls, yovelgvar qonebas, asamarTlebdnen da

Semdeg ki agrigorianebdnen. amas TiTqmis yovel werilSi aRwerdnen rogorc

qarTveli, ise evropeli sasuliero pirebi.

zemoT moyvanili kaTalikosis werilis garda, amaze miuTiTebs erTi

kargad cnobili, 1634 wlis ambavi: gorSi somxebma Seityves, rom erTi

qarTveli (erovnebiT qarTveli) axalgazrda nasyida kaTolikea da patrebs

emsaxureba. somxebma es qarTveli ZaliT gamoiyvanes saxlidan, cema-tyepiT

miiyvanes goris cixis mahmadian ufrosTan, Semdeg waiyvanes TbilisSi, daas-

mines mahmadian rostom xanTan, moTxoves am qarTvelis sikvdiliT dasja.

`vidre nasyidas saqme gadawydeboda, mas bevri Seuracxeba miayena momCivan-

gabrazebulma xalxma, radgan xelSi hyavdaT~.173

qarTvel kaTolikeebs sazogadod somxebi rom devnidnen da maT gagrigo-

rianebas moiTxovdnen, es zemoT moyvanilis garda, Semdegidanac Cans: Turqebma

samxreT saqarTveloSi erTimeoris miyolebiT gaauqmes qarTuli saepisko-

posoebi. 1763-1764 wlebisaTvis am mxareSi darCenili iyo erTaderTi qarTveli

episkoposi giorgi. TurqTa iZulebiT `1764 wlis dasawyisSi am mxares

qarTveli episkoposi vinme giorgi iZulebuli gamxdara daetovebina mar-

Tlmadidebloba. marTlmadideblur qristianobaSi osmaleTi xedavda ruseT-

saqarTvelos kavSirs da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar miiCnevda dasaSvebad

axalcixis safaSos teritoriaze mis ramenair Sewynarebas. amitomac iyo,

rom qarTvelma episkoposma giorgim marTlmadideblobis nacvlad miiRo

kaTolikuri sarwmunoeba, rac sakmarisi sababi gaxda imisaTvis, rom Turq

moxeleebs SeewyvitaT saepiskoposos devna~.174

magram amiT ar damTavrda. rogorc ki qarTvelma episkoposma giorgim

kaTolikoba miiRo, maSinve misi devna daiwyes somxebma. faSas moTxoves misi

dapatimreba im motiviT, rom qarTveli episkoposi ki ar unda gakaTolike-

buliyo, aramed unda gagrigorianebuliyo, radganac yvela qristiani, vinc

ar unda iyos is, Cven unda gvemorCilebodeso.

marTalia, Turqebma Sewyvites qarTveli episkoposis, giorgis devna, ma-

gram `samagierod, gakaTolikebul episkoposs devna dauwyoo eCmiaZinis pa-

triarqma. sainteresoa vicodeT, ra uflebiT eWideboda marTlmadidebel

giorgi episkoposis ymobas somexT patriarqi. qarTul da somxur eklesiebs

Soris raime uflebrivi urTierToba xom ar arsebobda? amis sarwmuno

pasuxs Cven gvaZlevs misioneri leoni. igi wers, `eCmiaZinis patriarqi

portas mieraa damtkicebuli da kargadaa daculi TviT sulTanis mier,

amitom brZaneblobs mTel Tavis erze... da Turqebis firmanis ZaliT yvela

sxva qristiani morCilebaSi mohyavs~.175


qarTvelebi Turq-sparselTa nebiT unda gagrigoriandnen, anu unda daemor-

Cilon somxur eklesias, gansakuTrebiT is qarTvelebi idevnebodnen somexTa

mier, romlebic am wess daarRvevdnen da gagrigorianebis nacvlad kaTo-

likobas miiRebdnen. amas sxva magaliTebis garda, episkopos giorgis magaliTi

aCvenebs _ ̀ somexT patriarqs mopovebuli hqonia sulTanisagan ufleba TurqeTSi

Semavali kavkasiis qristianobis meurveobisa. gasagebia, rom gakaTolikebul

qarTvel episkopos giorgisac am mizeziT eWideboda, e.i. masze xelewifeboda

somex patriarqs, romelsac axalcixis faSisaTvis giorgis dapatimreba uTx-

ovia, magram gakaTolikebul qarTvel episkoposs faSasTvis qrTami 1000 pias-

tri miucia da faSas is somexi episkoposisaTvis daumalavs. somexTa episko-

poss faSasTvis dokumenturad dausabuTebia, rom `xvanTqaris firmanis ZaliT

axalcixelebi~ unda emorCilebodnen Cems patriarqso, axla ki ̀ gafrangebulan

da misi morCilni ar ariano~, e.i. somexi episkoposi Tvlida, rom qarTveli

giorgi gakaTolikebis magivrad unda gagrigorianebuliyo. am sakiTxze faSas

qarTvels kaTolikeTa da somexTa episkoposs Soris paeqroba gaumarTavs... es

dava Cven imasac gvafiqrebinebs, rom axalcixis bevri marTlmadidebeli am

gziT albaT grigorianul sarwmunoebas iRebda~.176

gakaTolikebis gamo TviT sulxan-saba orbeliansa da anton I kaTalikoss

devnida somxuri eklesia, xolo erekle II-s kaTolikeTa mfarvelobisaTvis

emuqreboda kidec.177

CvenTvis cnobilia, Tu rogor aiZulebdnen da devnidnen cnobil qarTvel

pirebs imis gamo, rom maT grigorianobis nacvlad kaTolikoba miiRes.

magram ubralo, rigiTi glexebis devna da maTze iZuleba naklebad aris

cnobili. SeiZleba arc devnidnen im martivi mizezis gamo, rom qarTveli

glexebi ar iRebdnen kaTolikobas, aramed pirdapir grigoriandebodnen.

arsebobs damamtkicebeli sabuTi `...saqarTveloSi somxuri sarwmunoebis

qarTvelTa sakmaod mravalricxovani koleqtivis arsebobisa~.178

ra Tqma unda, somxur sarwmunoebas iRebda ara mTeli saqarTvelos

mosaxleoba, aramed qarTl-kaxeTis daba-qalaqebisa da gzispira soflebis

mosaxleobis erTi nawili. es procesi gansakuTrebiT samxreT saqarTvelo-

Si, qvemo qarTlsa da mesxeTSi mimdinareobda intensiurad, radganac mesxe-

Ti osmalTa, xolo qvemo qarTli sparsTa uSualo gamgeblobaSi imyofeboda,

aseT miwebze mcxovreblebs ki an mahmadianoba unda mieRoT, an grigoriano-

ba da an kaTolikoba.

qvemo qarTlSi mxolod didi da gavleniani Tavadebis ojaxebma gabedes,

uareyoT grigorianoba, maT kaTolikoba miiRes, Tumca grigorianoba qvemo

qarTlis sxva cnobilma TavadTa ojaxebmac miiRes. iqauri orbelianebi,

romlebmac kaTolikoba miiRes, mkacrad idevnebodnen amis gamo somxebisa-

gan. TviT saqarTvelos ubrwyinvalesi Tavadi sulxan-saba orbelianic ki

somxebisgan idevneboda. 1715 wels evropidan dabrunebuls, gakaTolikebul


sulxan-sabas, Tan Camoyvnen misionerebi. sabas winaaRmdeg maSinve aRiZrnen

grigorianebi `somxebs zogierTi sabas mteri qarTvelebic SeuerTdnen da

maT TanaugrZnes~.179

bunebrivia, saqarTvelos eklesiis gamoCenil moRvawes sarwmunoebis gamocv-

lisaTvis, qarTvelma sasuliero pirebma sayveduri hkadres, magram somxebs

masTan ra xeli hqondaT? magram maTi moqmedeba sastikia. sabas Tanmxlebi

piri wers amis Sesaxeb _ `1717 wels somxebma Cveni saxli gaZarcves da

erTianad daangries. TavianTi Cveulebis winaaRmdeg qarTvelebic SeuerTd-

nen, Tumca iseTi sibraziT ar moqmedebdnen, rogorc somxebi~... TamaraSvili

wers _ ̀ qarTvelebs cxadad monawileoba ar miuRiaT am devnulobaSi da Tu

ram brali miuZRviT, saxeldobr is, rom gaCumebulan da somxebis winaaRm-

deg xma ar amouRiaT~.180

maSin, roca saqarTvelos ubrwyinvalesi Tavadi ase idevneboda grigori-

anTagan, glexoba uares dReSi iqneboda.

qvemo qarTlis TavadaznaurTagan orbelianebmac kaTolikoba miiRes, ma-

gram amis Semdeg somex-grigorianTagan devnis gamo srulebiT dakarges

qoneba da gapartaxdnen. TamaraSvili wers _ ̀ gakaTolikebuli orbelianebi

ivane da vaxtang Zlierni iyvnen yovelmxriv da bevri ymac hyavdaT. im

zomamde, rom sparseTis mTavrobas weliwadSi 5000 jariskacs aZlevdnen. ai

aseTi Zlierni yovliTurT daCagres kaTolikebis mtrebma somxebma Tavis

mier mosyiduli sparselTa daxmarebiT...~181 da aRwers qarTvel TavadTa

srul ganadgurebas grigorianTa mier.

misionerebi romSi gagzavnil werilebSi xSirad gadmoscemdnen grigori-

anTa mier kaTolikeTa devnas. es kaTolikebi arian ZiriTadad qarTvelebi

da ara evropidan Camosuli misionerebi. marTalia, maTac, Camosulebsac

devnidnen, magram maTi ricxvi mcire iyo, xolo ZiriTadad qarTveli kaTo-

likeebi idevnebodnen. saqarTveloSi isini idevnebodnen somxuri eklesiis

mier, ara mxolod sarwmunoebrivi mZulvarebis gamo, aramed imitom, rom

somxuri eklesiis centrs mTeli saqarTvelos mosaxleoba Tavis mrevlad

miaCnda. es damtkicebuli hqonda kidec spars-osmalTa mier. amitomac

qarTvelebs ara kaTolikoba, aramed grigorianoba unda mieRoT.

somxeTis patriarqs Tavis mrevlad miaCnia qarTvelebi, xolo saqarTve-

lo Tavis samwysod. es rom asea, iqidanac Cans, rom iranis Sahebisagan

somxebi iRebdnen nebas, rom saqarTvelodan (!) kaTolikeebi ganedevnaT,

saqarTvelodan da ara somxeTidan.

1741 wels somxebma Tbilissa da gorSi kaTolikeebi daarbies iranis

Sahis nebarTviT.

`tfilisSi didi devnuloba aRsZres kaTolikebis winaaRmdeg, radganac

didi sasomxeTis patriarqma moipova erTi firmani Sah-Tamazisagan, raTa

arc tfilisSi da arc gorSi aRar daayenon kafucinebi. es firmani ra


miutanes tfilisSi mefis moadgiles, maSinve CamoarTva kafucinebs, rac

gaaCndaT da maTi eklesiac gaaoxra da yvela iq myofi patrebi gandevna~.182

somxur eklesias ara marto iranis Sahi, aramed, rogorc iTqva, osmaleTis

xonTqaric abatonebda qarTvelTa miwa-wyalze: `somxeTis patriarqisave

CagonebiT iyo, rom xvanTqarma axalcixis kaTolikeebi dauqvemdebara eCmiaZ-

inis patriarqs, ris gamo sam weliwadSi erTxel gangeb erTi vardapeti

modioda da kaTolikeebs xarks arTmevda... eCmiaZinis gamZafrebuli patri-

arqebi ar sjerdebodnen am gadasaxads, ramdenadac da rodesac ki Ses-

Zlebdnen iqaur kaTolikeebs sdevnidnen da xSirad maT saxl-karsac os-

malebs aklebinebdnen. esreT, iqauri kaTolikeebi mudam wamebulni iyvnen

somxebis patriarqebis da maT mier waqezebuli mahmadianebisagan~.183

zemoT moyvanilSi, ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeba, rom idevnebodnen adgilo-

brivi kaTolike qristianebi. erTaderTi gza am ubedurebisagan (saxl-karis

aklebisa da mudmivi wamebisagan) Tavis dasaRwevad iyo mahmadianobis, anda

grigorianobis miReba.

idevnebodnen ara marto kaTolikeebi, aramed marTlmadideblebic. XVII

saukuneSi saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebloba ise idevneboda, rom qarTvel

samRvdeloebasa da TviT patriarqsac ki kaTolikobis miReba surdaT.184

rogorc iTqva, kaTolikobis miReba sasurveli imiT iyo, rom sparseT-osma-

leTisaTvis kaTolikoba mosaTmeni da miRebuli sarwmunoeba iyo, xolo

marTlmadidebloba yovlad miuRebeli, magram, rogorc iTqva, kaTolikobis

miRebis Semdeg qarTvelebs axla ukve somxuri eklesia devnida da aiZuleb-

da mieRoT grigorianoba. somxuri eklesia saqarTveloSi ise iyo gaZliere-

buli, rom somxebi kaTolike misionerebs, romlebic vaxtang V Sahnavazisa da

saqarTvelos patriarqisaTvis didad sasurveli stumrebi iyvnen, quCaSi gav-

lis dros qvebs uSendnen, pirSi afurTxebdnen da joxiT scemdnen.185

brbo, romelic sazogadod arbevda, scemda da klavda kaTolikeebsa da maT

ojaxebs, ̀ Segulianebuli iyvnen vardapetebisa mier~, emuqrebodnen yvela vaWarsa

da xelosans, romlebic vardapetis mowodebisas ar daketavda Tavisi duqnis

darabebs da ar wayveboda brbos ùrwmunoTa~ asaklebad. ùrwmunoebSi~

mahmadianebs ar gulisxmobdnen: `...gabrazebuli gamovida vardapeti Tavis

mRvdlebTan erTad da daiwyo SeCveneba da wyevla yvela imaTi, vinc ar

daketavda duqnebs da Cvenis eklesiis da saxlis dasaqcevad ar movidoda.

am SeCvenebisa da wyevlisagan SeSinebulma vaWrebma da meduqneebma yvelam

daketes duqnebi...~186 da daaqcies kaTolikeTa saxl-kari da eklesia.

aqedan Cans, rom `somxebi~ arian ara eTnikurad somxebi, aramed social-

uri fena _ vaWrebi da meduqneebi.

àm dros somxebis mier mtroba da devnuloba iqamde gaZlierda, rom am

ambavma evropis mTavrobamdisac miaRwia da maTi gamosarCleba da gul-

Sematkivroba gamoiwvia~.187


evsevi nikolaZe, qarTuli eklesiis istorikosi, wers, rom grigorianobis

saqarTveloSi gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg medgrad ibrZodnen Cveni kaTaliko-

sebi nikoloz amilaxvari, domenti, besarioni, aseve anton I. magram qarTvel

samRvdeloebasa da kaTalikosebs zogjer taxts da xandaxan sicocxlesac

ki aTmobinebdnen spars-osmaloebi.

ev. nikolaZe wers, rom saqarTveloSi qarTvelebma Tavidan gulTbilad

da siyvaruliT miiRes Tanamorwmune (qristiani) somxebi. `magram somxebma

qarTvelebs es Rvawli imiT miuzRes, rom daiviwyes maTi amagi da daiwyes

qarTvel xalxSi mwvaleblobis (e.i. grigorianobis) gavrceleba. qarTveleb-

is am erT nawils, romelic aRiarebda somexTa sarwmunoebas, maT Seaswavles

somxuri ena da amnairad es xalxi mTel qarTvelobas CamoaSores... aseTi

warmatebiT gamxnevebulni somexTa misionerebi moefinen aRmosavleT saqarTve-

los da daiwyes qarTvelebSi mwvaleblobis gavrceleba. maT winaaRmdeg

gamovidnen saqarTvelos ganaTlebuli kaTalikosebi: nikoloz amilaxvari

(1675-1688), domenti (1705-1724) da gansakuTrebiT besarioni (1724-1739).

saqarTveloSi Zveli droidan moipovebodnen TargmanSi is nawerebi, rom-

lebic iyvnen mimarTuli somxuri eklesiis mwvaleblobis winaaRmdeg... am

TxzulebaTa SemweobiT saqarTvelos mRvdelmTavrebi advilad imarjvebd-

nen somxebTan paeqrobaSi, magram XVIII saukunis dasawyisidan garemoeba

Zalze Seicvala. am droidan mxiTaristebis nawarmoebni Zlier gavrceldnen

somexTa Soris da misces saSualeba maT samRvdeloebas saRvTismetyvelo

ganaTlebisa. evropeli mwerlebis sxolastikuri nawarmoebni, romlebic somx-

ur enaze gadmoiTargmnen, gaxdnen axal wyarod sarwmunoebrivi davisa. sxo-

lastikurma xerxianobam, romelic gansakuTrebiT aristoteles loRikas em-

yareboda, somexTa misionerebs misca mZlavri iaraRi qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg.

somexTa misionerebis monofizituri propaganda, romelic winaT daiwyo, gan-

sakuTrebiT gaZlierda areulobis dros saqarTveloSi, mefe ieses sikvdilis

Semdeg, Teimuraz II-is qarTlSi gamefebamde (1724-1744) da umaRles wertilam-

de avida kaTolikos anton I-is mmarTvelobis pirvel wlebSi (1744-1749).188

ev. nikolaZe imowmebs TviT anton kaTalikoss da wers, rom somxeTis

eklesiis meTauri kaTalikosi lazare dauaxlovda anton kaTalikoss da

Seecada, antons mieRo grigorianuli sarwmunoeba. antonma, cxadia, ar miiRo

grigorianoba, romelic avaldebulebda mas, qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs,

qceuliyo somxuri eklesiis wevrad _ ̀ rogorc kaTalikosi antoni mowmobs,

erTbunebian mwvaleblebs masTan hqondaT kamaTi. somexTa misionerebis me-

Taurad iTvleboda anton I-is Tanamedrove somexTa kaTalikosi lazare

Waukeli. ukanaskneli Zalian dauaxlovda kaTalikos antons da Seecada

mis gamoyvanas marTlmadidebeli eklesiidan, magram es ver moaxerxa~.189

bunebrivia, SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva, nuTu grigorianebs imis uflebac ki

hqondaT, qarTuli eklesiis meTaur kaTolikosisTvis SeebedaT, rom mas


somxuri sarwmunoeba eRiarebina? amis nebas da aseT gabedulebas grigori-

anebs aZlevda is, rom sparseTi da TurqeTi didad aZlierebdnen somxur

eklesias da mas faqtobrivad gadasces ufleba Tavis mrevlad eqcia ara-

somexi qristianebi.

`somexTa mwvalebloba warmatebiT vrceldeboda qarTvelTa Soris imit-

om, rom saqarTveloSi gamocxadebuli iyo sarwmunoebrivi Tavisufleba da

mTavrobas ar SeeZlo sarwmunoebrivi davis akrZalva~,190 sinamdvileSi ki

saqarTvelo dapyrobili an vasali qveyana iyo, romlis mTavrobasac ar

SeeZlo damoukidebeli sarwmunoebrivi politikis warmoeba, is ver Seafer-

xebda grigorianTa moqmedebas.

anton kaTalikosma araTu aRiara grigorianoba, aramed am sarwmunoebis

sawinaaRmdegod dawera vrceli Txzuleba, romelsac Zalze didi mniS-

vneloba hqonda. mas XIX saukuneSic ki ruseTis imperatori miiCnevda

saqarTveloSi grigorianobis gavrcelebis Semaferxebel saSualebad.

antonma `...dawera uzarmazari dogmatikur-polemikuri xasiaTis Txzule-

ba `mzametyveleba~, romelic `araCveulebriv movlenad unda CaiTvalos

aramcTu qarTul mwerlobaSi, aramed mTeli aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTis-

metyvelo azrovnebis ganviTarebis istoriaSi~ (k. kekeliZe). es veeberTela

wigni sul raRac weliwadnaxevarze nakleb droSi daiwera (wera daiwyo

1750 wlis 1 oqtombers da daasrula 1752 wlis 11 marts). wigni mimarTu-

lia marTlmadidebluri eklesiis dasacavad mwvalebelTagan.191

am Txzulebis didi mniSvneloba iqidan Cans, rom roca XIX saukuneSi qarTu-

li eklesiis TavisTavadobis gauqmebis gamo somxur eklesias didi SesaZle-

bloba mieca saqarTveloSi gaevrcelebina Tavisi sarwmunoeba, ruseTis impera-

tors gankarguleba gaucia amis sawinaaRmdegod daebeWdaT `mzametyveleba~.

`didi xania, erT visme pirs miurTmevia xelmwife imperatorisaTvis Txov-

na maszeda, rom saqarTveloSi vrceldeba frangoba, anu frangTa sarwmunoe-

ba da somxoba da amasTanave daurTavs im pirsa, rom mxolod erTaderTi

saSualeba ariso mosaspobad sxvadasxva sarwmunoebis gavrcelebisa mar-

Tlmadidebel saqarTveloSi, daibeWdos ̀ mzametyveleba~ saqarTvelos swav-

lul kaTalikozisa anton I-isa. xelmwife imperators esreTi Txovna gada-

ucia sinodSi,192 egzarxoss gamourkvevia, marTla vrceldeboda Tu ara

saqarTveloSi (eparqiebSi) `frangoba~ da `somxoba~, ris Semdegac mizanSe-

wonilad iqna miCneuli gamocemuliyo es wigni `gasomxebisa~ da `gafrange-

bis~ Tavidan asacileblad.

miTumetes XVIII saukuneSi am wigns hqonda uaRresad praqtikuli mniS-

vneloba. es Txzuleba vrceldeboda xelnaweris saxiT. 3-4 weliwadSi

`mzametyveleba~ uTuod Zalze daabrkolebda grigorianobis winsvlas

saqarTveloSi. 1752 wels dasrulebuli wigni 1754-1755 wlebisaTvis ukve

mTel saqarTveloSi iqneboda gavrcelebuli.


ev. nikolaZe wers: ̀ rodesac anton kaTalikosma Sexeda, rom somexTa misio-

nerebis propaganda saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebel sarwmunoebisaTvis did

safrTxes warmoadgenda, gadawyvita mis winaaRmdeg gamosuliyo da mwvale-

blebis garyvnil moZRvrebas mecnieruli sityviT Sebmoda. vinaidan somexTa

misionerebi Tavis swavlas amyarebdnen sxolastikasa da somxuri eklesiis

istoriaze, antoni gaxda iZulebuli gacnoboda am wyaroebs laTinur-somx-

ur enaze. man jer kargad Seiswavla sxolastika da somxuri RvTismetyvele-

ba... da amis Semdeg somexTa mwvaleblobis gansaqiqeblad dawera didi Txzu-

leba, romelsac `mzametyveleba~ uwoda. es nawarmoebi, romelic dasrulda

1752 wels, Seicavs monofizituri moZRvrebis srul ganqiqebas da masSi

yoveli kaci ipovis mza pasuxs mwvalebelTa yvela kiTxvaze~.193

rogorc aRiniSna, 1753-1755 wlebisaTvis es Txzuleba ukve win aRudgebo-

da saqarTvelos mdabio xalxSic ki popularul monofizitur Txzulebebs.

am dromde, Turme, erTi aseTi monofizituri Txzuleba, somexTa kaTalikos

lazares mier dawerili, mravals qristians marTlmadideblobis gzidan

acdenda. somexTa kaTalikosi lazare Tavis TxzulebaSi `somexTa ekle-

sias~ aRiarebda yvela eklesiis ufrosad da somexTa kaTalikoss yvela

qristianis mTavar mbrZaneblad. lazarem Tvisi Txzuleba... mraval xelnaw-

erebSi gaavrcela qarTvelebSi, rogorc arqiepiskoposi timoTe mowmobs, es

Sroma saqarTveloSi mdabio xalxSi ikiTxeboda da bevri keTilmorwmune

motyuebaSi Seyavda~.194

swored amgvar qmedebas win aRudga kaTalikosi antoni da mraval qarTv-

els SeunarCuna ara marto marTali rwmena, aramed SeunarCuna erovneba _

qarTveloba.

ar SeiZleboda es upasuxod darCeniliyo, antoni aseTi gabedulebisaTvis

unda dasjiliyo da daisaja kidec _ 1755 wels mas CamoarTves sakaTali-

koso taxti da gaaZeves, marTalia, sxva motiviT.

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom antonis marcxSi eria eCmiaZinis xeli, rogorc

wers g. maisuraZe _ `eCmiaZins yvelaze ufro metad erekle II-is frangT-

momxreoba aRizianebda... amasTan, kaTolikeTa momagreba rusuli gavlenis

neitralizebasa da somxuri sarwmunoebis TandaTanobiT gandevnasac iwvevda.

amitom, Tu, erTi mxriv, am Zalaze dayrdnoba erekle II-s diplomatiuri

lavirebis saSualebas aZlevda, meore mxriv, mis winaaRmdeg ruseT-eCmiaZinis

kavSiris Seqmnas uwyobda xels. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom 50-ian wlebSi

erekle II-isa da anton I-is marcxi aseTi kavSiris Sedegi yofiliyo~.195

anton kaTalikosi monofizitebisaTvis yvelaze miuRebeli piri iyo saqa-

rTveloSi. grigorianebs didi Zala hqondaT imis Semdeg, rac 1762 wels

erekle II-m antoni daabruna saqarTveloSi da misca kvlav sakaTalikoso

taxti. somxuri eklesiis meTaurma kaTalikosma mkacrad gaafrTxila erek-

le II da TiTqmis daemuqra kidec. mis werilSi, cxadia, ara uSualod

antonzea saubari, aramed kaTolikeebze.


`ra moulodnelic ar unda iyos, kaTolikosis sityvebSi ara marto pro-

testi ismis erekles politikisadmi, aramed erTgvari faruli muqarac. es

miT ufro sayuradReboa, rom cota xanSi eCmiaZini qarTveli mefis sawi-

naaRmdego moqmedebas gamoamJRavnebs. motanili werili 1765 wlis gazafxu-

liTaa daTariRebuli. imave wlis dekemberSi ki ereklem amxila qarTlis

TavadTa SeTqmuleba paata batoniSvilis meTaurobiT, romelSic eCmiaZinis

warmomadgeneli aRaloc aRmoCnda CaTreuli... ruseTis kavSiri paatas SeT-

qmulebasTan TiTqos aSkaraa. Tu es mosazreba Sesawynarebelia, maSin erek-

le II-is winaaRmdeg ruseTisa da eCmiaZinis kavSiri am SemTxvevaSic savse-

biT dasaSvebia~.196

aRsaniSnavia, rom ajanyebulebi ereklem sastikad dasaja, xolo eCmiaZi-

nis warmomadgeneli aRalo ar dasaja.197 es miuTiTebs, Tu ra Zlier Zalas

warmoadgenda saqarTveloSi somxuri eklesia.

10 wliT adre, 1755 wels, iseve rogorc wina XVII saukunisa da XVIII

saukunis sxvadasxva wlebSi, grigorianTa TaosnobiT moewyo saqarTveloSi

myofi kaTolikeebis sastiki devna. aRsaniSnavia, rom maSin am devnaSi

qarTvelebs, kerZod, mefe Teimurazsac monawileoba miuRia. saqarTvelodan

ganidevnen ara marto evropeli misionerebi, aramed anton kaTalikosic,

romelic `kaToliked~ iqna gamocxadebuli.

iyo Tu ara anton I kaTolike? rogorc masalebi uCvenebs, antoni iyo ara

kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis mimdevari, aramed ̀ frangTmomxre~, mas kaTolikee-

bi grigorianebis Semaferxebel saSualebad miaCnda.

`Tbilisis somex vaWrebs evropelTa konkurenciisa eSinodaT, somxur

eklesias ki _ kaTolikeTa gavlenis zrdisa. am mxriv, eCmiaZins arc erekle-

sa da anton I-is frangTmomxreoba moswonda. niSandoblivia, rom 1755 wels

TbilisSi mowyobil kaTolikeTa darbevaSi eCmiaZinis xeli eria~.198 swored

1755 wels gandevnes antoni.

anton I kaTolike rom yofiliyo, mas ruseTis wmida sinodi ar Caabarebda

vladimiris centralur eparqias, ar miscemda mTavarepiskoposis maRal

tituls (maSin sul ramdenime mTavarepiskoposi iyo ruseTSi), da mere XIX

saukuneSi rusi imperatoris nebiT ar gamoscemdnen ̀ mzametyvelebas~, romelic

swored `frangobis~, anu kaTolikobisa da gasomxebis Semaferxebel saSu-

alebad miiCneoda.

anton I qarTvelebma gandevnes mxolod subieqturi interesebis gamo,

kerZod, mefe Teimuraz II_s (kaxeTis taxtis memkvidres) eSinoda antonisa,

rogorc qarTlis samefo taxtis erTaderTi kanonieri memkvidrisa, mefesTan

daaxloebul zogierT qarTvel samRvdelo pirs anton I-is nayofierma

moRvaweobam Suri aRuZra da amitomac cili daswames, xolo grigorianebs

antoni ar moswondaT `mzametyvelebis~ dawerisaTvis da kaTolikeebis

mfarvelobisaTvis. 1755 wlis kaTolikeTa devnaSi swored im qarTvelma


saxelmwifo moxeleebma miiRes aqtiuri monawileoba, romelTac grigorian-

uli sarwmunoeba hqondaT miRebuli. cota mogvianebiT erTi misioneri

werda _ `am ambavze saqarTvelos yvela adgilebidan Semoikribnen mefis

nacvlebi da msajulebi, romlebic sqizmatiki somxebi arian. imaT ufro

Seagulianes mefe Cven winaaRmdeg~.199

aq `sqizmatik somxebSi~ swored qarTveli grigorianebi igulisxmeba,

radganac SeuZlebelia mTel saqarTveloSi mefis nacvlebi da msajulebi

ara qarTvelebi, aramed erovnebiT ucxoelebi yofiliyvnen.

miuxedavad imisa, rom anton I-ma grigorianobis sawinaaRmdego uzarmaz-

ari Txzuleba gamoaqveyna, 1753 wels masTan mividnen grigorianebi da

Seecadnen miecaT didZali qrTami, raTa misionerebi ganedevna saqarTvelo-

dan. antonma misionerebis darbeva ara marto usamarTlobad miiCnia, aramed

pirobac dado, aseT raimes arasodes Caidenda. uTuod es momentic safuZv-

lad daedo ciliswamebas, TiTqosda antoni TviTve iyo kaTolike.

erTi misioneri swerda roms _ ̀ somxebi winaaRudgnen patrebs, 1753 wels

maTma moTavem, saxelad aRa meliqma, tfilisis qarTvelebis patriarqs miu-

tana erTi qisa fuli 500 Tumani da sTxova, an gaaZeveT aqedan kafucinebi, an

arada eklesia CamoarTviTo. patriarqma upasuxa: maT winaaRmdeg araferi

maqvs da aseTs usamarTlobas maT arasdros vuzamo~.200 1753 wels saqarTve-

los patriarqi swored antoni iyo.

aRsaniSnavia, rom antonis damokidebuleba kaTolikeebisadmi arafriT

gansxvavdeboda misi winamorbedebis da agreTve afxazeTis kaTalikosebis

damokidebulebisagan kaTolikeebisa da misionerebisadmi. antonamde saqarTve-

los kaTalikosi nikoloz xerxeuliZe, rogorc aRvniSneT, 1742 wels werda

roms, rom is da misi wre gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliT epyroboda misio-

nerebs, natrobdnen maT sikeTesa da bednierebas `...magram Cemi didi xnis

wadilis Sesruleba somxebma ar damacales, radgan isini Cven ar gvijer-

eben da am qveyanaSi TavianTi nebisaebr batonoben...~201

cnobilia, kaTalikosi nikoloz xerxeuliZe 1744 wels mokles.

saqarTvelos keTilganwyoba misionerebisadmi imiT iyo gamowveuli, rom

isini ase Tu ise aferxebdnen qarTvelTa gagrigorianebas. amas, albaT,

ekonomiuri mniSvnelobac hqonda, radganac qarTvelebi gagrigorianebis

Semdeg ukve somxuri eklesiis wevrebi xdebodnen da mas aZlevdnen Semo-

saval-Sesawirs, xolo qarTveli e.w. viTomda _ ̀ kaTolikebi~ qarTl-kaxeTSi

kvlav qarTuli eklesiis wevrebadve rCebodnen. Semosaval-Sesawirs romis

paps ar ugzavnidnen. zemoT naxsenebi misioneri wers, rom imis Semdeg, roca

1753 wels anton kaTalikosma grigorianebisagan qrTami ar aiRo, maT mefes

mimarTes ̀ 1754 wels tfilisisa da goris somxebi erTad SeerTdnen, mefesTan

mividnen da daiwyes Civili Cveni aqedan gaZevebisTviso~.202


1755 wels moxda didi devna kaTolikeebisa, am dros antonic maTTan

erTad daisaja. m. TamaraSvili fiqrobda, rom qarTvelebi am devnaSi nakle-

bad monawileobdnen, Tumca mefe mdevnelebs exmareboda _ ̀ 1955 wels moxde-

nili devnuleba kafucinebis winaaRmdeg Teimuraz mefisgan miewereba ufro

berZnebsa da somxebs, vidre qarTvelebs~.203

antoni uaryofda Tavis gakaTolikebas da mas ciliswamebas uwodebda, ̀ am

SemTxvevaSi antoni mtkiced uaryofs mis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebul bralde-

bas da mas ̀ ciliswamebas~ uwodebs, romelic sxvadasxva politikuri miznebiT

inspirirebuli iyo ZiriTadad misi biZis, Teimuraz II-is mier, romelmac

ukanonod daisakuTra qarTlis taxti~.204

marTalia, imis Semdeg, rac 1755 wlis krebaze antoni daamxes da daapa-

timres, is iZulebuli gaxda TeimurazisaTvis gamoeTxova ruseTSi wasasv-

leli sarekomendacio baraTebi, amitomac Tavi Zlier daimdabla da bralde-

baSi Tavi damnaSavedac aRiara Teimurazis winaSe, magram es iyo xerxi,

uromlisodac mas ruseTSi arc miiRebdnen. antoni kaTolike rom yofiliyo,

romsa da evropaSi gaemgzavreboda da ara ruseTSi.

ramdenime saukuniT adre giorgi mcire werda: `...viTarca Teslni arawmi-

dani Soris Cuensa daTesul iyvnes borotni _ igi Teslni somexTani, gu-

larZnilni da manqanani da amis mier friad gvevnebodao...~205 aq `somexTa

TeslSi~ giorgi mcire, rogorc konteqstidan Cans, gulisxmobda qarTvel

grigorianebs, anu somxuri eklesiis wevr qarTvelebs. amis gamoo, werda is

da sxva imdroindeli moRvaweni, berZenTa Soris mravlad gamoCndnen ̀ mayve-

drebelni~ da ̀ mabralobelnio~, romelnic gvisworebdnen da gvaswavlidnen,

rogori saxisa unda yofiliyo qarTuli eklesiao.

aseTi istoria ganmeorebula mogvianebiT, antonis epoqaSi. oRond axla

ukve piriqiT. axla ara berZnebi, aramed TviT grigorianebi àswavlidnen~

da àyvedridnen~ qarTvelebs, Tu rogori saxis unda yofiliyo qarTuli

eklesia. ase wers anton I Tavis `mzametyvelebaSi~. `664.12. aqvs ukve

sakuTrad eklesiasa somexTasa xelis dasxma ueklesiod episkoposTa... gvas-

waveben Cven, xolo amxilebsTca maT beWedi igi...~

`666.14. aqvs ukve eklesiasa somexTasa sakuTrad, rameTu ara wmidad

Seuracxies dedani... gvayvedrian Cven, viTarca dedaTagan gamocxobilisa

SemwirvelTa~... da sxva.206 e.i. ̀ somxebi~ qarTvelebs saeklesio wesebs ̀ aswav-

lian~ da àyvedrian~ am wesebis ucodinarobas antonis dros.

`lazare kaTalikosi somexTa, ese aw, romelica cxovrobs JamTa CvenTa...

aman lazare aRwera wigni, romelsa uwoda `sawadeli samoTxe~, garna ara

sawadel ars igi Cemda, aramed friadca saZagel... gansakvirvelTa gmobaTa

ityvis, viTarmed eSmakica SeZrwundebian~207, _ wers antoni.

grigorianebs, cxadia, ar SeeZloT uyuradRebod daetovebinaT antonis

antigrigorianuli qmedeba, miT umetes, rom saqarTveloSi grigorianebs


qarTuli ena, TavianTi mSobliuri ena kargad esmodaT da SeeZloT waekiTx-

aT antonis Sroma iranisa da osmaleTis mier gaZlierebulni amgvar kriti-

kas verc moiTmendnen.

`iran-osmaleTisaTvis SedarebiT ufro mosaTmeni iyo rusulisagan gansx-

vavebuli qristianoba, ris gamoc aRmosavleTSi TviT kavkasiis araqarTul

provinciebSi qarTvelni `farulad qristianobdnen, somexni ki cxadad~.

ufro metic, osmaleTTan loialuri urTierToba konfesiuri eqspansiis

saSualebasac aZlevda eCmiaZins. italieli misioneri leone werda: `eCmi-

aZinis patriarqi portas mieraa damtkicebuli da kargadaa daculi TviT

sulTanis mier, amitom mbrZaneblobs mTel Tavis erze... da Turqebis firma-

nis ZaliT yvela sxva qristiani morCilebaSi mihyavs~. am mxriv is qarTul

interesebsac upirispirdeboda. araerTi SemTxvevaa aRricxuli, roca osma-

leTis mflobelobaSi moqceul samcxe-javaxeTis qarTvel marTlmadide-

blebs eCmiaZini ZaliT somxur sarwmunoebaze aqcevda~.208

`somxebis patriarqisave CagonebiT iyo, rom xvanTqarma axalcixis kaTol-

ikeebi dauqvemdebara eCmiaZinis patriarqs...~209

aRsaniSnavia, rom ara marto TurqeTi da sparseTi aZlierebdnen somxur

eklesias, aramed qarTveli mefe-mTavrebic gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobiT

epyrobodnen grigorianebs.

qarTvel mefeTa keTil mopyrobas grigorianebisadmi upirveles yovlisa,

gansazRvravda ekonomikuri motivebi, magram isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom maT

arc SeeZloT emoqmedaT grigorianTa winaaRmdeg. qarTli da kaxeTi iranis

provinciebi iyo da aq unda gatarebuliyo igive sarwmunoebrivi politika,

rogoric iranSi, qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis aRdgenis Semdeg ki isini iranis

vasali qveynebi gaxdnen.

somexTa mimarT keTilad iyo ganwyobili da maT pirobebs uqmnida ros-

tom mefe, mariam dedofali (mariams walkaSi grigorianebisaTvis eklesia

augia), vaxtang VI.210

mefe simon I `...somexTa didi mosiyvarule da vardapetebis didi pativ-

ismcemeli iyo~ (somexi mematianis sityvebia).211

grigorianebisaTvis rostom mefes da mariam dedofals augiaT qalaqi

(qarTlis axalqalaqi) grigorianuli saydrebiTa da monastrebiT, rogorc

es iq mdgomi eklesiis warweridan Cans.212 am warweraSi ar aris naTqvami,

rom es qalaqi `somxebisaTvis~ aSenda, aramed naTqvamia, rom is aSenda

`saxasod vaWarTa~.213 im dros grigorians, somexsa da vaWars erTmaneTTan

aigivebdnen da saerTod, `somexi~ da `vaWari~ sinonimebi iyo. amitomac aq

`vaWrebSi~ qarTveli grigorianebic igulisxmebian.

male, rostomis karze, maRali saxelmwifoebrivi postebic grigorianebma

daiWires, kerZod, Tbilisis qalaqisTavoba, es kargadaa aRwerili. rostomi,

rogorc sparseTis warmomadgeneli qarTlSi, grigorianebis mimarT atareb-


da sparsul politikas, icavda da mfarvelobda maT. amave dros ki marTl-

madidebelTa eklesias devnida. qarTveli kaTalikosi evdemoni man daaxr-

Cobina da cixidan gadmoagdebina.

rostomi daxvewili politikosi iyo da Tavisi gamocdilebiT icoda, rom

qarTvelebTan pirdapiri da aSkara midgomiT verafers gaawyobda. amitomac

man cbier xerxs mimarTa, roca nadirobis dros mokles ufliswuli (rost-

omis Svilobili), am mkvlelobas qarTvelebi (e.i. marTlmadideblebi) abralebd-

nen somxebs (e.i. grigorianebs), xolo grigorianebi marTlmadideblebs. si-

marTlis gamosakvlevad rostomma daniSna dueli SioS baraTianisa (mar-

Tlmadidebelsa) da baadur Tumanians (grigorians) Soris. orTabrZolaSi

vinc gaimarjvebda, marTalic is iqneboda. isini rostomma gaagzavna erT

trial, ukacriel mindorze da Tan gaatana sami TaTari. swored es TaTrebi

iqnebodnen aRmsrulebelni rostomis nebisa: duelis dros SioSma baadurs

mucelSi Subi Caartya ise Zlier, rom Subis wveri gadatyda da baaduris

mucelSive CarCa, magram miuxedavad amisa, damarcxebulad mainc SioSi

gamocxadda, radganac, is Turme, baadurma miwaze dasca. Tu es marTla ase

moxda, warmoudgenelia, ̀ sami TaTris~ daxmarebis gareSe saR-salamaTi Sio-

Si miwaze rogor unda daeca sastikad daWril baadurs, magram movlenebi

amis Semdeg viTardeba. es kerZo SemTxveva ganzogaddeba _ `gamarjvebul~

baadurs sixaruliT Seegebnen qalaqis TaTrebi da somxebi _ `da haosianni

da TaTarni SejarviT gamovidnen da misrulTa aRamaRles baadur da moiy-

vanes mefisadmi, da pativs scemda da misca mkurnalTa gankurnebad da

Seiyvara umetes ufros zomisa...~ (1645 wlisaTvis miZRvnili somxuri sige-

li qarTulad Targmnili somexTa mier XIX saukuneSi, Cans, qarTveli grigo-

rianelebis saWiroebisaTvis).214

rostomma SioSis mTeli qoneba gadasca baadurs _ `amis Semdgomad

qarTvelni mciredre damdabldnen zvaobaTagan TvisTa vinaiTgan haosianTa

simRerani sayvedrebulni Seawyves enaTa maTsa zeda da yovelisa taepisa

dasasrulisa ityodnen: ̀ SioS wadi, baadur movida~, romel ars ̀ SioS gaiqec,

baadur modis~. simRerisa amas zeda haosianTagan qarTvelTa ercxvinebo-

daT. esma ese mefesa saniabazs, e.i. mciresa Sahabazs da miuwoda baadurs da

misca mTavroba didi tfilisis qalaqisa. iqmna ese 1650 welsa...~215 ase

gadaeca Tbilisis qalaqisTavoba grigorianebs.

am somxur sigelSi rostomi ara qarTvelad, aramed somxad, anisel somex

mefeTa STamomavladaa gamocxadebuli.216

marTlac, rostomi Tavisi antiqarTuli da prosparsuli politikis ga-

tarebisas, ar hgavda qarTvel politikur moRvawes. miuxedavad imisa, rom

rostomis meuRle qristianobisadmi (rogorc marTlmadideblobis, ise

monofizitobis) kargad iyo ganwyobili, rostomi mainc mtrulad iyo ganwy-

obili qarTuli eklesiis mimarT. saqme is iyo, rom qarTuli eklesia gamox-


atavda im qarTvelebis miswrafebas, romelTac surdaT Teimuraz I-is same-

fo taxtze ayvana, xolo rostomis saqarTvelodan gaZeveba.

`rogirc aRiniSna, rostom mefesa da Teimurazs Soris dapirispirebam qarTuli

feodaluri sazogadoebis or banakad gayofa gamoiwvia. dauRalavi Teimurazi

rostomisa da yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg brZolas wlebis manZilze imereTidan

ganagrZobda. mis mTavar amocanas qarTlidan rostomis gaZeveba, iranis ba-

tonobis damxoba da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gaerTianeba Seadgenda... qarTl-

Si rostomis moRvaweobis pirvelma 15 welma sxvadasxva brZolebiT, ajanyebe-

biT da SeTqmulebebiT damZimebul situaciaSi ganvlo. qarTlSi rostomis

mosvlisTanave qarTvelebis erTi nawili mahmadiani mefis mmarTvelobas ar

daemorCila, maT qristianobis rjulisaTvis `batoni Teimurazi erCivnaT~.217

Teimurazi iyo gansaxiereba marTlmadideblobisa, anu, rogorc maSin miiC-

neoda, `qarTvelobisa~. qarTvelebs swored Teimurazi surdaT. amis gamo

`...rostom mefis laSqarSi Teimurazis sasargeblo ganwyobileba sufevda...~218

ise, rogorc wina wlebSi `1642 wels rostom mefis winaaRmdeg kvlav

didi SeTqmuleba moawyes. Sah-abas II-is istorikosis mohamed Taheris in-

formaciiT, ̀ Teimurazi SeuTanxmda zaal erisTavs _ yara-yalxans, nodar da

ioTam amilaxvrebs... raTa rogorme mospon mefobis safarveli rostom

mefe~. rostomis winaRmdeg mowyobil am axal SeTqmulebaSi monawileobd-

nen: zaal erisTavi, ioTam amilaxvari, nodar ciciSvili, kaTalikosi evdemon

diasamiZe, giorgi goCaSvili, somxeTis meliqi yorxmazbeg aTabegisSvili da

sxva qarTvelni. SeTqmulTa Soris yvelaze aqtiurad qarTlis kaTalikosi

evdemon diasamiZe moqmedebda. dadebuli pirobis Tanaxmad, SeTqmulTa mi-

zans `cotas kaciT~ cxireTs myofi rostom mefis mokvla da mis adgilze

Teimurazis gabatoneba warmoadgenda~.219

magram ̀ qarTvelTa~ (marTlmadidebelTa) es SeTqmuleba gasca somxeTis mel-

iqma (Cans, qarTvelma grigorianma), romelmac Sahs SeTqmuleba gaumJRavna~.220

ar SeiZleba qarTuli eklesiis meTauris monawileoba am SeTqmulebaSi

avxsnaT piradi dainteresebiT, aramed es iyo gamoxatva qarTuli eklesiis

brZolisa mahmadianobis (da sxva gavrcelebuli religiuri mimarTulebeb-

is) winaaRmdeg.

rostomma Zalian kargad icoda, rom mis winaaRmdeg ibrZoda zogadad

qarTveloba, romlis meTauric kaTalikosi iyo. amitomac man gansakuTrebu-

li sisastikiT dasaja datyvevebuli kaTalikosi. saerTod, rostomi ajanye-

bulTa mimarT Semwynarebeli iyo da erCia maTi Semorigeba. 1642 wlis

ajanyebulebic mcired dasaja, kerZod, mxolod ramdenime kaci gaaxeibra da

Tvalebi daTxara, magram kaTalikosi ki ara marto moakvlevina, aramed

sikvdilis Semdegac Seuracxyo _ cixidan gadmoagdebina.

`kaTalikosi qalaqis cixeSi daamwyvdies, Semdeg `daarCves da cixidan

gadmoagdes~.221


rostomis dros (da saerTod, XVII saukunis 30-iani wlebidan) gaizarda da

ganviTarda qarTlis saqalaqo cxovroba, xelosnuri warmoeba, vaWroba, dawin-

aurda Tbilisi, dasaxlda qalaqebi. es gulisxmobda grigorianobis raodeno-

bis gazrdas, radganac saerTod im dros vaWrobas da xelosnobas ZiriTadad

isini misdevdnen. am grigorianebSi uTuod didi iyo qarTvelTa ricxvi.

`aRebuli xanisaTvis qarTvel-somexTa ekonomikuri urTierTobis aseve

Tavisebur formad gvevlineba eCmiaZinis msxvili feodaluri organizaciis

garkveuli kavSiri qarTul feodalur mflobelobasTan da qarTuli qalaqebis

vaWroba-warmoebasTan.

qarTuli da somxuri wyaroebis mowmobiT, eCmiaZini qarTlsa da kaxeTSi

flobda soflebs, calkeul zvrebs, baRebs, saxnav-saTes farTobebs, xolo

qalaq adgilebSi duqnebs. aqve igulisxmebian mis ymobaSi moqceuli Sesa-

bamisi mwarmoeblebi da xelosan-vaWrebi~.222

eCmiaZinis gavlena iseTi didi iyo, rom mas TviTon marTlmadidebeli

qarTveli mefeebic ki ymebsa da soflebs Cuqnidnen. qarTveli glexebi am

gziT grigoriandebodnen.

`kaxeTis batons~ Teimurazs da mis SviliSvils erekles eCmiaZinisaTvis

SeuwiravT sofeli Tasmaluri Tavisi mcxovreblebiT, venaxebiTa da wylebiT~.

(iqve, gv. 173); es sofeli kaxeTsa da qiziys Soris yofila. `1657 wels ukve

rostom mefes Seuwiravs eCmiaZinisaTvis sofeli naxiduri~.223

es qarTuli soflebi, cxadia, gagrigoriandnen, anu, ̀ gasomxdnen~. ̀ qarTvel

xelisufalTa garda eCmiaZins yma-mamulsa da sxva saqonlebs swiravdnen

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi somxuri warmoSobis SeZlebuli pirebi, riTac

isini xarks uxdidnen Tavis konfesiur kuTvnilebas. magaliTad, 1678 wels

sofel SulaverSi javanSiris Svilebs eCmiaZinisaTvis SeuwiravT kargad

mowyobili zvari, 1664 wels Tbilisel moqalaqes aslan behbuTaSvils

`sulisa da Tavis sadRegrZelod~ somexTa mTavari eklesiisaTvis sami

qulbaqi Seuwiravs, axalqalaqel ambardanianT muradaSvils ki mis mier

cxinvals nayidi ori biWi Seuwiravs eCmiaZinisaTvis~.224

cxadia, es ori nayidi biWi gagrigorianda, amis Tqmis nebas iZleva ara

marto 1634 wels nikoloz irbaxis mier sasamarTlo darbazSi warmoTqmu-

li sityvebi, romlebsac yvela daeTanxma ̀ yoveldRiv, Cvenis TvaliT vxedavT,

rom mravalni qarTvelni somxdebian~-o, aramed, ̀ patri ambrozis moxseneba,

romSi 1640 wels gagzavnili, romelic ase ambobs: ̀ am qristianebis qveyana-

Si kvalad SeiZleba bevri keTilis qmna ravdenime mamul-soflebis yidviT,

rogorTac Svrebian somxebi, romlebisac Tumca didi simZulvare aqvsT

qarTvelebs sarwmunoebis saqmeSi, magram raki maTi xelqveiTi gaxdebian,

bevri maTgani gadadis somxis weszed, amazed uaresic vnaxeTa: zogierTma

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma mdidarma uriebma gaauriaves ramdenime TavianTi

yma da mosamsaxure. amisaTvis Tvinier raime eWvisa, bevri qarTvelebi siam-

ovnebiT miiRebdnen laTinis wessa, ukeTu Seiqmnebian Cvenni xelqveiTni~.225


amis gamo eCmiaZini dainteresebuli iyo SeeZina da mieRo qarTuli sof-

lebi yma-glexebiT.

èCmiaZini yoveli RoniT cdilobda xeli Seewyo aseTi ganwyobilebi-

saTvis saqarTvelos somxur mosaxleobaSi da rac SeiZleba metad gaezar-

da sakuTari ymaTa kontigenti~.226

qarTvelTa masiur gagrigorianebas xels isic uwyobda, rom maSin damkvi-

drebuli wesis Tanaxmad vaWari, meduqne, xelosani, amqari, moqalaqe grigo-

rianuli sarwmunoebisa unda yofiliyo. ufro metic, sxvadasxva xelobis

mosaqmeni qmnidnen gaerTianebebs, romelSic SesvlisaTvis aucilebelad

saWiro iyo gagrigorianeba.

àSkaraa, qarTuli qalaqebis profesiuli gaerTianebebi vaWrobaSi somex-

Ta upiratesobis gamo, umTavresad monofizitur eklesiasTan unda yofil-

iyvnen dakavSirebuli, amitom am gaerTianebebSi Sesvla da mis safuZvelze

garkveuli privilegiebis miReba, gasagebia, mxolod somxur sarwmunoebaSi

gadasvliT SeiZleboda. qarTuli mosaxleobis erTi nawilis somxur sarw-

munoebaze gadasvla sxva gziTac xdeboda, jer kidev m. TamaraSvilma vati-

kanis arqivis masalebis safuZvelze gamoTqva mosazreba, rom somexTa mier

soflis, e.i. yma-mamulis SeZenis Semdeg iq mosaxle qarTvelTa nawili

somxur sarwmunoebaSi gadadioda~.227

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTuli mosaxleoba masobrivad iRebda grigori-

anobas, isini ar uaryofdnen qarTul enas, wes-Cveulebebs, qarTul xasiaTs.

marTalia, grigoriani qarTvelebi TavianT Tavs `somexs~ uwodebdnen, ma-

gram am terminSi (`somexSi~) isini debdnen ara eTnikur Sinaarss, aramed

mxolod sarwmunoebrivs.

qarTvel grigorianebs mxolod sarwmunoebrivad miaCndaT TavianTi Tavi

`somxebad~, eTnikurad ki _ `saqarTvelos Svilebad~. mxolod XIX saukunis

dasawyisidan aRricxes qarTvelebi grigorianebi erovnebiT somxebad, aseve

erovnebiT somxebad aRricxes somxuri tipikonis mqone qarTveli kaTolikeebi.

m. TamaraSvili werda: àm qarTvelebma Tu sarwmunoeba uaryves, gvarto-

moba ar uaruyviaT da arc TavianTi saxelebi dautovebiaT, radgan danarCe-

ni marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebi ar edavebodnen gasomxebul qarTvelebs

TavianTi gvarisa da saxelis Senaxvas~.228

ratom iRebdnen qarTvelebi grigorianobas da kaTolikeebi ratom gaxd-

nen somxuri kaTolikuri eklesiis wevrebi?

iqneb grigorianoba mxolod sarwmunoebriv aRmsareblobas ar niSnavda?

unda vifiqroT, rom grigorianobis miReba _ es iyo socialuri kategoriis

Secvla. es iyo raRac msgavsi socialuri revoluciisa. SinaomebiT, leki-

anobiT, mahmadianuri agresiiT gatanjul, dazaralebul glexebsa da xelos-

nebs omi aRar surdaT. Cans, gadasaxadebiT da omebiT gaRatakebuli xalxis

masebi ise xvdeboda grigorianul sarwmunoebas, rogorc ganmaTavisuflebels


siRatakisa da omebisagan, marTlac, es sarwmunoeba aTavisuflebda glexs

da xelosans omis begarisagan, da Cans, sabatono gadasaxadisaganac.

maTi mfarveli xdeboda Zlieri da mdidari somxuri eklesia, romelic

uSiSroebis da siRatakisagan daxsnis garantias aZlevda maT, samagierod

arafers ar iTxovda glexobisa da xelosnebisagan, garda eCmiaZinis re-

ligiuri upiratesobis aRiarebisa. marTlac, ekonomikurad dauZlurebul

da amiT avtoritetSelaxul mcxeTasTan (qarTul eklesiasTan) SedarebiT

mdidar eCmiaZins didi garegnuli brwyinvaleba hqonda.

magram glexisa da xelosnisaTvis arsebiTi iyo is, rom grigorianobis

miRebiT igi Zalze xSirad Tavisufldeboda batonymuri urTierTobisagan,

anda Tu ymad rCeboda, is icvlida socialur kategorias _ glexidan, miwis

dammuSaveblidan, is iqceoda vaWrad, romelic gacilebiT didi Tavisu-

flebiT sargeblobda da qonebis dagrovebis Semdeg ymobidan gamoxsnac ki

SeeZlo maSin, roca es glexisaTvis gacilebiT ufro Zneli iyo.

grigorianobis miRebiT, is, rogorc ̀ somexi~, anu vaWari, Tavisufldeboda

omis begarisagan, es im dros, roca yovel mebatones Tavisi mamuli patara

saxelmwifod miaCnda da gametebiT ibrZoda am `saxelmwifos~ sazRvrebis

gafarToebisaTvis.

im dros, roca mebatoneebi miwis yoveli mtkavelisaTvis gaafTrebiT

ebrZodnen erTmaneTs (da ebrZodnen yma-glexebis saSualebiT) mudmivi le-

kianobisa, omebisa da ajanyebebis dros, samxedro begarisagan gaTavisufle-

ba didi SeRavaTi iyo.

amis garda, grigorianebs Seqmnili hqondaT erTgvari korporaciebi, urT-

ierTdaxmarebis salaroebi TavianT eklesiebTan. eklesia exmareboda Rataks,

aZlevda bavSvebs ganaTlebas, aswavlida vaWrobas da rac mTavaria, tyved

wayvanil ojaxebsac ki ixsnidnen fuliT da abrunebdnen TavianT sacx-

ovrebel adgilze. es didad mimzidvels xdida grigorianobas.

saqarTveloSi im dros `somxoba~ aRniSnavda ara erovnebas, aramed so-

cialur fenas, socialur kategorias. qveyanaSi arsebobda yma, anu glexi,

mebatone da ̀ somexi~, anu vaWar-xelosani.

`somexi~, rogorc wesi, niSnavda grigorian adamians ganurCevlad misi

erovnebisa (umeteswilad qarTvels), romelic vaWari an potenciuri vaWari

iyo (xelosnebic vaWrobdnen).

`somxoba~ _ es iyo vaWar-xelosanTa fena da ara erovneba da isini ar

idevnebodnen spars-osmalTa mier. frederiko diubua werda: `saocari isaa,

rom marto qarTvelebs devnidnen da ara somxebs...~229 iranSi somxebs yovel-

gvari upiratesoba eniWebodaT, somxebi rogorc iranis, ise TurqeTis eko-

nomikuri warmatebis sayrdeni iyo. somxebs swored vaWroba-xelosnoba eva-

lebodaT. somxoba religiur-ekonomikuri organizacia iyo. aman gamoiwvia

is, rom erT periodSi Sida qarTlis barSi miuxedavad mosaxleobis siWar-


bisa, gauqmda yvela qarTuli saepiskoposo (ruisis, urbnisis, niqozis, samTavisis

da sxva), radganac mosaxleoba gagrigorianda da eCmiaZins Seemata. amito-

mac erekle II-is droisaTvis mcxeTidan vidre lixis qedamde aRarcerTi

qarTuli saepiskoposo aRar arsebobda. mxolod mcxeTa-Tbilissa da kaxeT-

Si isxdnen qarTveli episkoposebi!

z. WiWinaZe werda _ `ZvelTaganve Tbilisis namdvil somxis STamomavali

moqalaqeni Tavisuflad yidulobdnen qarTvel yma-glexebs. maT hflobdnen

rogorc undodaT da Tan TavianT sjulzedac miaqcevdnen. devnilni ymani

eTvisebodnen somexTa, devnilni somxur gvarsa da saxels irqmevdnen, somx-

urad inaTlebodnen da miT gadairCendnen xolme Tavebs~.230

`Tbiliseli vaWrebi yidulobdnen marTlmadideblebs, amasTan ara mx-

olod saxlis saWiroebisaTvis, aramed saxelosnoebSi samuSaodac. somxuri

sarwmunoebis pirTa ymobaSi moxvedrili marTlmadideblebis patronis sar-

wmunoebaSi nebiT Tu uneblieT gadasvla, Cans, zogjer farTo xasiaTs iReb-

da, ris gamoc xelisuflebi drodadro am procesis damuxruWebas arapi-

rdapiri gziTac cdilobdnen~.231

qarTvelebis grigorianul sarwmunoebaSi masobrivad gadasvlis Semdeg

somxuri eklesia dainteresebuli iyo, maT SeeTvisebinaT sarwmunoeba, magram

qarTvelebma ar icodnen somxuri ena _ grigorianuli saeklesio ena, amit-

omac qarTvelebisaTvis qarTuli asoebiT daweril somxurenovan saxarebebs,

locvebs, saeklesio wignebs avrcelebdnen saqarTvelos somxur eklesiebSi.

qarTveli grigoriani xelosnebi, vaWrebi da amqrebi saqmes awarmoebdnen

qarTul enaze. moRweulia uamravi qarTulenovani aseTi davTrebi.

qarTveli grigoriani poetebic ki qarTul enaze werdnen leqsebs (aseTi

poeti mravali iyo).

qarTveli grigoriani istorikosebic ki (magaliTad, farsadan gorgijan-

iZe da sxva wvrili mTxzvelebi) qarTul enaze werdnen.

qarTveli grigoriani saxelmwifo moxeleebi da aznaurebi qarTul enaze

awarmoebdnen saqmes.

saerTod, qarTvel grigorianebs uyvardaT saqarTvelo, qarTuli kultura,

qarTuli adaT-wesebi da yovelive mamapapuri, saqarTvelos istoria. es

aRniSnulia mcodneTa mier: `gvelis perangSi~ aseTi adgilia: moqmedeba

xdeba ara saqarTveloSi, aramed sparseTSi. ̀ somxebis sufraze Taria, viRac

gasaocrad ukravs. Tari neldeba da meore kaci dairas iRebs, SeaTamaSebs

xelSi da yurTan miitans da TiTqos ybayuraao, gahkivis baiaTs: ̀ rusTaveli

aRar gvyavs, gamkiTxavi vin ari... aRsdeg, Tamar dedofalo! SenTvis tiris...~

uecrad petriZe wamoxteba: _ vin kiTxavs mag ubedurs an rusTavels an

Tamars? vahme, istoriav!~232

Tumca, marTlmadideblebi qarTvel grigorianebs qarTvelebad aRar miiC-

nevdnen, magram isini qarTulenovanni iyvnen da aRwerilis msgavsad uyvar-


daT saqarTvelo, anu Tavisi istoria da winaprebi. aseTi `somxebi~ gansx-

vavdebian namdvili somxebisagan da namdvil somxad arc miaCndaT TavianTi

Tavi, xolo somxeTSi maT somxebad ar miiCnevdnen.

somxeTis ajanyebis cnobil meTaurs, daviT-begs, somxebi somxad ar miiC-

nevdnen da qarTvels uwodebdnen. somxuri eklesiis moRvawe artem ararateli

gadmogvcems: `1796 wels yizlarSi usaxlkarod da ulukmapurod darCeni-

li artemi TanamoZme somxebTan eZebs TavSesafars. kidevac axerxebs erTi

somxis moZebnas, magram es ukanaskneli gulcivad istumrebs gareT. a. ararat-

elis SeniSvniT, ìmitom, rom me qarTveli somexi ara var da namdvili

somxeTis mkvidri var; amasTan dasZina: wadi Sens Tanamemamule mRvdelTan,

iqneba man Segifaroso~.233

aqedan cxadia, rom `qarTveli somxebi~ sxvaa, xolo `namdvili somxeTis

mkvidri~ _ sxva. qarTveli somexi eTnikurad qarTvelia da mxolod sarw-

munoebrivad aris `somexi~.

artem ararateli aRniSnavs saqarTveloSi qarTuli enis sayovelTao xmare-

bis Sesaxeb grigorianTa mier _ àqauri somxebis umravlesobam srulebiT ar

icis somxuri da qarTulad laparakobs... am adgilebis gavla miT ufro Zneli

iyo, rom somxebma ar icodnen somxuri ena da qarTulad laparakobdnen~.234

a. ararateli ar wers, rom saqarTveloSi yvela somexi laparakobda

qarTul enaze. is wers _ ùmravlesobam ar icis somxurio~, es imaze unda

migviTiTebdes, rom somxuris mcodne grigorianebi ̀ namdvili somxebi~ iyvnen,

gadmosaxlebulni somxeTidan, xolo am enis ucodinari ki adgilobrivi

mkvidri qarTveli grigorianebi.

erTi mxiTaristi werda, rom XIX saukunis 20-iani wlebisaTvis ̀ saqarTveloSi

mosaxle somxebi somxuris ucodinarni iyvnen da qarTulad laparakobdnen~.235

iv. gvaramaZe werda _ ùkeTu Cveni winaparni somxebi iyvnen, ra eWvia,

Tavidanve somxuri ena eqnebodaT Sin Tu gareT saxmareblad, rogorc sa-

suliero pirni eklesiaSi wirva-locvas somxurad asrulebdnen, erSic imave

enas gaavrcelebdnen, metadre qalaq adgilas, sadac wera-kiTxvis codna

ueWvelad saWiroa moqalaqe movaWre mozardis axalTaobisaTvis! ra dasa-

jerebelia, rom somxis mRvdelma Tavis mowafes qarTuli wera-kiTxva aswav-

los da somxuri ara? vTqvaT, xmarebaSi qarTuli ena yofiliyo da mis gamo

somxurisaTvis Tavi daunebebiaT da qarTuli SeutaniaT xmarebaSi, Sin, ga-

reT da eklesiebSic, maSin imaT qarTulSi, xom TavianTi somxuri deda enis

TiTo-orola nawyvetebic aras darCeboda ueWvelad... xolo radgan aravi-

Tari somxuri enis amgvari elementebi ar daSTenila Cvens qarTuls enaSi,

cxadi WeSmariteba aris, rom Cveni winaparni qarTvelTa modgmis STamomav-

lobisani arian, misTvis wminda qarTuli ena hqoniaT xmarebaSi~.236

imis gamo, rom axlad gagrigorianebulma qarTvelebma somxuri ena ar

icodnen da amave dros ki maTi ricxvi Zalze didi iyo (didi Tu patara


qalaqebis vaWar-xelosani, moqalaqeni, gzispira soflebis glexebi, Sewiru-

li soflebis ymebi), saWiro gaxda maTTvis qarTuli asoebiT daeweraT

somxuri locvebi, wignebi, saxarebac ki. `somxuri saeklesio literatura

qarTuli transkripciiT, eWvi araa, somxuri sarwmunoebis qarTvelebi-

saTvis unda Sedgeniliyo, romelTa didma umravlesobam, bunebrivia, somxuri

wera-kiTxva ar icoda. mosaxleobis amave nawilis sulieri moTxovnilebeb-

is dasakmayofileblad zogi somxuri locva iTargmneboda qarTul enaze.

erT-erTi aseTi naTargmni krebulis daniSnulebis Taobaze giorgi goreli

gvauwyebs: `gadmoTargmanebuli somxis enidgan qarTvelTa enazed goreli

gevorg uRirsi varTapetisagan sargoT yrmaTa somxeTis eklesiisaTa, visac

somxeTis ena ar esmis~. am cnobaSi isaa sayuradRebo, rom giorgi gorelis

es saeklesio dogmaturi krebuli somex `yrmaTa sargoT~ ki ar uTargmnia,

aramed `yrmaTa somxeTis eklesiisaTa~, e.i. imaTTvis, vinc somxur eklesias

ekuTvnoda da amave dros somxuri ar icoda. aseTebi ki, gasagebia, somxuri

sarwmunoebis qarTvelebi, e.i. qarTveli monofizitebi iyvnen. sxvaTa Soris,

XIX saukunisaTvisac dasturdeba qarTuli transkrifciiT Sesrulebuli

somxuri locvis wignebis gavrceleba qarTvel monofizitTa Soris... qarTuli

transkrifciiT Sesrulebuli da qarTul enaze Targmnili somxuri saekle-

sio dogmaturi literatura, vfiqrobT, kidev erTi damatebiTi sabuTia

saqarTveloSi somxuri sarwmunoebis qarTvelTa sakmaod mravalricxovani

koleqtivis arsebobisa. amitom yvela im cnobaSi, sadac mosaxleobis somx-

uri sarwmunoebisadmi kuTvnilebaze mxolod aqcentireba (magaliTisaTvis

sakmarisi iqneboda, albaT vaxuStis geografiac) marTebuli iqneboda isini

qarTvel monofizitebad migveCnia. aseve qarTul-somxuri epitafiebi, Tbili-

sis somxur sasaflaoze qarTulwarweriani saflavis qvebi, orenovani qarTul-

somxuri samoxeleo da piradi beWdebi, ueWvelia, qarTveli monofizitebis _

eTnikurad qarTvelisa da sarwmunoebiT somexis gaorebuli bunebis gamomx-

atvelebi unda iyvnen.

amis garda, sabuTebis erT wyebaSi daculia personaluri miTiTebebi

qarTvel monofizitebze~.237

qarTvel monofizitebs vaxuSti bagrationi ̀ sarwmunoebiT somxebs~ uwodebda,

xolo maTi ena, qceva-zne da cxovrebis wesi qarTuli iyo.

is qvemo qarTlis `somxobis~ Sesaxeb wers: `am adgilTa Sina mosaxleni

arian sarwmunoebiT somexni da mciredad qarTlis sarwmunoebisa, aramed

qceva-zniTa qarTuliTa~ (t. IV, gv. 312). vaxuStis am cnobaSi, rogorc vxe-

davT, yuradReba TiTqos ZiriTadad gamaxvilebulia sarwmunoebriv momentze,

romlis gverdiT eTnikurobis cneba sadRac qreba.238

`niSandoblivia, rom sarwmunoebrivi kuTvnilebis gareSe moxsenebuli

Tbilisis somxebis mimarT vaxuSti kulturuli qarTvelobis aRmniSvnel

imave gamoTqmas iyenebs~.239


z. WiWinaZe saqarTveloSi mcxovreb yvela somexs ar uwodebda qarTvel

grigorians. is mxolod somxuri eklesiis wevr qarTvelebs uwodebda am

saxels. agreTve z. WiWinaZe ar fiqrobda, rom TbilisSi mcxovrebi yvela

somexi erovnebiT qarTveli iyoo. is werda, rom Tbilisis somxebSi SeiZle-

ba naxevari somxuri sarwmunoebis mqone qarTveli aRmoCndeso. mas amis

Tqmis uflebas aZlevda Tavisi piradi dakvirveba da gamokiTxva cocxali

adamianebisa _ swored amgvari `somxebisa~. is werda _ `...dRes mTeli

qarTl-kaxeTi da masTan imereTic savsea qarTvel grigorianebiT. maT yve-

las kargad etyobaT, rom igini STamomavlobiT namdvili qarTvelebi unda

iyvnen da ara somexni, yvela es kargad etyobaT maT, vinc daakvirdeba, yvela

cxadad SeniSnavs, rom Tu sul ara, umetesi nawili am grigorianebisa unda

iyvnen namdvilad STamomavlobiT qarTvelni. amas eWvi da yoymani ar unda.

Tuki vinme daakvirdeba, samwuxarod, amis dakvirveba ki qarTvelebs srulebiT

ara aqvT... dRes mTelma saqarTvelos erma rom grigorianT sarwmunoeba

miiRos, mis Semdeg igic Tavis gvar-tomobas e.i. qarTvelobas unda gamoeTx-

ovos?!... Tamamad vityviT, rom rac qarTvelTagan gafrangebulan, asi imdeni

gasomxebula, axalcixe erT dros gasomxebul qarTvelebiT iyo savse. iq

qarTvelTa ricxvi gafrangebul da gasomxebul qarTvelTagan Sesdgeboda

da orive ki mainc somxebad iwodebodnen... qarTvels grigorianebTagan

ZvelTaganve yovelive Sinauri, Tu gareuli, baraTebis wera sul qarTulad

swarmoebda. maTSi somxurad TviT mRvdlebic ar swerdnen da gind rom

eweraT, mere amiTi ras gaxdebodnen, arafers. qarTlis qarTvel grigori-

anebTagan qarTuli mwerlobis asparezzed sxvadasxva SesamCnevi mwerlebic

gamosulan Zvel dros... madaTovi, qiCiknova, CamCi, melqo, saiaTnova, wyaloba

bebuTovi, osef amirovi... zurab antonovi... _ komediebis mwerali da cno-

bili gvari mixeil birTvelis Ze TumaniSvili, mwerali da meleqse, romel-

ic `ciskarSi~ swerda daarsebiTganve da 1869 wels `ciskris~ erTi nomris

`salayboSi~ is hazri gamoTqva, rom `Cven tomiT qarTvelni varT da mx-

olod sjuliT somexnio~, amaT garda nikoloz xudadovi, anastasia TumaniS-

vili-wereTlisa... ter filipe yaiTmazaSvili, Tfilisis gegmis damxati ter

Smovani da mravali sxvani, eniT dauTvlelni, yvelas moTvla aq Znelia,

xolo imas ki vityviT, rom Zveladganve Tfilisis qarTvel grigorianebs Tu

somxis STamomavalTaTvis saxalxo enas qarTuli ena Seadgenda. am eniT

suldgmulobdnen igini... sikvdilis Semdegac ki saflavis qvebzec qarTu-

lad awerdnen, aseTis Zvelis qarTulis warwerianis qvebiT savsea Zveli

xojivanqis sasaflavo, aseve iyo vanqis galavanSi da sxva saydrebTa maxlo-

bladac ase iyo, TviT saydris SenebaTa cnobebsac ki swerdnen qarTulad...

Tbilisis somxoba iseve hpatronobda qarTul enas, rogorc qarTvelni,

uamisod ar SeiZleboda, radganac maSindeli somexic tomiT qarTveli iyo.

igi qarTvel grigorianad unda Seracxuliyo. aseT pirTagan qarTuls enazed


Zlier bevri wignebia nawer-naTargmni... Cveni mosazreba iyo, rom gvesaubra

da dagvesabuTebina is garemoebac, rom qarTvelebSi arian iseTnic, romelic

grigorianTa sarwmunoebas aRiarebdnen da dRes mis meoxebiT igini somxis

gvaradac iricxebian. aseTi mosazrebis dasamtkiceblad saWiroa cocxali

cnobebi, namdvili ambebi WeSmaritebasTan axlos mdgari. aseT WeSmaritebas

emorCileba yoveli ganaTlebuli kaci, am WeSmaritebas veravin ewinaaRmde-

geba... ai, esec zogi gvarebi qarTvel grigorianebisa... alaverdaSvili, ala-

verdovi, mTawmindeli, mamapapiT qarTulis eniT molaparake, dRes alaver-

dovi, gagvarebuli... igi swers Semdeg sayuradRebo cnobas, romelic umniS-

vnelo iqneba, rom moviyvanoT aq: `me vswavlobdi Tbilisis saxelosno sko-

laSi. me somexi var, magram somxuri ar vicodi, saqarTvelos somxebi martod

sjuliT varT somxebi, Torem erovnebiT qarTvelebi varT, rogorc frangebi

da TaTrebic, somxebis ganyofilebaSi qarTuli ena akrZaluli aqvsT, iq

aravis aswavlian am enas, arc me maswavlidnen, qarTuli wera me Cemis SromiT

da malviT Seviswavle, amitom amxanagebi me ̀ vracas~ meZaxdnen, e.i. qarTvels,

roca es ambavi somxuri enis maswavlebelma da mRvdelma Seityes, maT amis

gamo sastikad gamkicxes, qarTul enas nu swavlobo, aseTi vai-vaglaxiT Sevis-

wavle Cemi RviZli ena _ qarTuli~.240

z. WiWinaZe CamoTvlis qarTveli grigorianebis gvarebs: alxazaSvili _

gvaris gadakeTebis Semdeg _ alxazovi; aWriani; areSiZe _ areSovi;

abulovi _ abulianci _ Zveli gvari abulaZe; baraTaSvili; baqraZe _

basilaSvili _ basilovi; begTabegisSvili; gigauri; giorgaZe _ axali

gvari giorgianci; gvelesiani _ axali gvari gvelianci; durgliSvili;

berZeniSvili; dalaqiSvili; gulaSvili _ ivangulaSvili _ ivangulovi;

mamulaSvili _ mamulovi; RaribaSvili _ karibovi; lolaZe; ambardana;

kuxtievi; mamacaSvili; maCabeli; sandaZe; turiaSvili; TarxniSvili; mza-

reuli; sosiaSvili; SaburiSvili _ Saburovi; RarliaZe; muCaiZe; TuSiS-

vili _ TuSurianci, laziSvili; obolgogianci; RambaraSvili; rostomaS-

vili; jaSitaSvili; aTabegovi _ jayeli; zurabiSvili; did-zurabiSvili _

did-zurabovi; qoniaSvili _ gvaris gadakeTebis Semdeg _ salovi; me-

sanTliSvili _ gvaris gadaTargmnis Semdeg _ sveCnikovi; meliaSvili _

gvaris gadaTargmnis Semdeg _ lisiciani; xuciSvili; gomelauri; sulx-

aniSvili; zoziaSvili; lomiZe; panCuliZe _ panCuliani; fridonaSvili;

malxaziSvili; elisbarovi; nadiraZe; menTeSaSvili _ manTaSovi; wamalaS-

vili; koxtaSvili; iasamanovi; aRniaSvili; buxraSvili; alaverdiSvili; na-

muraZe; qoCoraSvili _ qoCrianci; mamajanaSvili; maminaSvili; SanSeSvili;

mirazaSvili; TavqalaSvili _ Tav-qalianci; puradSvili _ puradovi; Tu-

maniSvili; javaxiSvili; mirianaSvili; narimanaSvili; wereTeli; martiaS-

vili; faniaSvili; Zikovi; xidarbegiSvili; xaxanaSvili; zaliaSvili; xiza-

novi; meRvinovi; bainduraSvili; CxeiZe; dadiani; doRaSvili; koSkaSvili;


gozalovi; safariSvili; ximSiaSvili; wmindoaSvili; dondarovi; giorgaZe;

qitiaSvili; xaraziSvili; meRoriSvili; CareqaSvili; metiviSvili; xaxutaS-

vili; manvelovi; afxaziSvili; xublaria; WipaSvili; RvTisievi...241

arc erTi zemoT dasaxelebul avtors ar miaCnia, rom saqarTveloSi

mcxovrebi yvela somexi warmoSobiT uTuod qarTvelia, ara, isini weren, rom

saqarTveloSi cxovrobda somxeTidan gadmosaxlebul `namdvil somexTa~

garkveuli raodenoba, magram maT gverdiT cxovrobdnen is qarTvelebi,

romelTac miiRes grigorianuli sarwmunoeba da agreTve is qarTvelebi,

romelTac miiRes kaTolikuri sarwmunoeba somxuri tipikoniT. Semdgom,

radganac xalxi im dros erTmaneTisagan ver arCevda erovnebasa da sarw-

munoebriv mimarTulebas, somxur eklesiasTan dakavSirebuli yvela qarTve-

li `somxad~ iqna CaTvlili.

aseTi mdgomareoba gamonaklisi ar aris. cnobilia, rom is qarTvelebi,

romlebmac mahmadianoba miiRes _ ̀ TaTrebad~ iwodebodnen qristianTa mier.

xolo is qarTvelebi ki, romelTac kaTolikoba miiRes, `frangebad~ iwode-

bodnen marTlmadidebelTa mier. aseve grigorian qarTvelebs `somxebs~

uwodebdnen. cota mogvianebiT ki somxurtipikoniani qarTveli kaTolikee-

bic `somxebad~ iqna aRricxuli.

qarTveli kaTolikeebi rom `somxdebian~, es dadasturebulia mecnierTa

mier. m. TamaraSvilma vatikanSi moZiebul dokumentebze dayrdnobiT es

daamtkica Tavis wignebSi.

`rac Seexeba qarTvel kaTolikeebs, imis gamo, rom vatikanSi kongregaciis

mier qarTuli ena ar iyo damtkicebuli RvTismsaxurebisaTvis moqmed enad,

gabatonda laTinuri da somxuri enebi. imis gamo, rom TurqeTma XVI-XVII

ss. Caketa evropaSi misasvleli gzebi da misionerebs aukrZales aq Semos-

vla, TandaTan qarTuli kaTolikuri eklesiebidan gamoidevna laTinuri

enac (misi ucodinarobis gamo) da qarTveli kaTolikeebi SerCnen somxur

enas, xSir SemTxvevaSi qarTvel kaTolikeTa mrevls somex kaTolikeTa

warmomadgenlebi Tu gasomxebuli qarTvelebi winamZRvrobdnen. aseTi vi-

Tareba qarTvel kaTolikeTa srul dabnevas iwvevda, radgan metyvelebdnen

qarTulad, aiZulebdnen elocaT somxurad, adidebdnen romis paps da cx-

ovrobdnen Turquli politikis qveS.

somxur-kaTolikuri eklesia xelmZRvanelobda maT jvriswera-monaTvlas.

monaTvlisas arqmevdnen somexi kaTolike episkoposis mier rekomendebul

saxelebs da ase TandaTan icvleboda maTi namdvili vinaoba. xSirad axal

saxels axali gvaris xelovnurad Seqmna da gadakeTebac mosdevda. Sovin-

isti kaTolike moZRvarni yvelafers akeTebdnen imisaTvis, rom qarTvel

kaTolikeebs daeviwyebinaT mSobliuri ena, gvari, warmomavloba da bolos,

radganac kongregacias maT saeklesio enad somxuri hqonda damtkicebuli,

somxebad gamoecxadebinaT. samwuxarod, rogorc ukve zemoT vnaxeT, sof.

velis magaliTze, mesxeTis sinamdvileSi es nawilobriv kidec gakeTda~.242


m. TamaraSvili wers, Turq-osmalebis batonobam Tu rogor gaanadgura

mesxeTi, amas ̀ ..dResac RaRadebs gaveranebuli qveyana, auracxeli nangrevebi

da metadre samcxis didebuli 19 saepiskoposos erTianad mospoba. am

uwyalo svras vinc ki gadaurCa qarTveli marTlmadidebelTagani, Zalauneb-

urad mahmadianoba miiRo, radgan XVI saukuneSive osmaleTma mouspo gza

evropel misionerebsa, umwyemsod datovebul samcxis qarTvel kaTolikeb-

sac igive Savi dRe daadgaT, xolo maTma mcire ricxvma SeirCina ukve

miRebuli kaTolike sarwmunoeba somxis tipikonis miRebiTa, radgan am

dros somxobas osmaleTi ise ar awuxebda, rogorc sxva tomis qristianebs,

romlebic daixsna ara marto sikvdilisagan, aramed sxva bevrnairi Sewux-

ebisganac. am garemoebis wyalobiT, isini SeuerTdnen somxis tomis kaTo-

likebs ara marto sarwmunoebiT, aramed erobrivadac, raTa maTsaviT uSiS-

rad yofiliyvnen gamZvinvarebuls osmaleTis mTavrobis xelSi. verc gabe-

des Semdeg qarTuli tibikonis miReba, radgan maTi mtarvali batonisagan

moelodaT an sikvdili, an gamahmadianeba~.243

m. TamaraSvili aRwers srul suraTs, Tu ra mizezis gamo iRebdnen

qarTvelebi somxurenovan wirva-locvas TavianT eklesiebSi da Tu ratom

aRiarebdnen isini TavianT Tavs somxebad da ara qarTvelebad. aRniSnavs,

rom amgvari `gasomxebiT~ qarTvelebi ara marto qristianobas inarCunebd-

nen, aramed xSirad sicocxlesac ki. somxurma eklesiam SeZlo sikvdilisa-

gan daexsna da qristianobisaTvis SeenarCunebina uamravi qarTveli. igive

iTqmis qarTveli grigorianebis Sesaxebac _ isinic somxur eklesias efare-

bodnen TavianTi col-Svilis, sicocxlisa Tu qonebis gadarCenis mizniT.

qarTul eklesias ki, rogorc cnobilia, ebrZodnen osmaleTic da sparseTic,

ara marto qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba iyo maTTvis miuRebeli, aramed

qarTuli eklesiac. SeiZleba iTqvas, am uTanasworo brZolaSi qarTuli

eklesia gamarjvebuli gamovida dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi.

mesxeTis, saingilosa da lore-taSiris garda man TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloze

gavlena SeinarCuna.

XIX saukunis bolos aRmoCnda, rom saqarTvelos zogierTi daba-qalaqis,

soflisa Tu kuTxeebis mosaxleobis erT nawils somxebi Seadgendnen. m.

TamaraSvilma, romelic dainteresebuli iyo am sakiTxiT, moiZia sxvadasxva

ucxoenovani wyaroebi da ganacxada: `raodenic ki SegveZlo, TiTqmis yvela

SesaniSnavi aRmosavleTis istoria da mgzavrTa werilebi gamoviZieT, ma-

gram veraferi vpoeT somxebis gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi uwinares

XVII saukunisa. amisaTvis unda vTqvaT, rom somxebs gadmosaxleba da

saqarTveloSi damkvidreba dauwyiaT XVII saukunis damdegs~...244

somxebi SeiZleba gadmosaxlebuliyvnen 1615-1618 wlebSi Sah-abasis mier

saqarTvelos mooxrebis dros. 1687-1747 wlebSi nadir-Sahis dros, 1780

wels erekles mier.245


magram maTi raodenoba didi ar iyo.

somexTa Zalze didi gadmosaxleba iwyeba XIX saukuneSi, 1804 wlis

dasawyisSi, 1828 wels sparseTidan gadmosaxlda 40 aTas sulze meti somexi,

1829 wels TurqeTidan gadmosaxlda 70 aTas sulze meti somexi.246 gadmo-

saxldnen agreTve 1895 wels.

miuxedavad amisa, rogorc paata guguSvili werda, XIX saukunis dasawyis-

Si somexTa procentuli raodenoba amierkavkasiaSi didi ar iyo da 6%-s

Seadgenda.

gadmosaxlebuli somxebi srulebiT ganirCeodnen saqarTvelos adgilo-

brivi `somxebisagan~ eniT, qceva-zniT, wes-CveulebiT, cxovrebis saxiT da

yovelmxriv.

`vaxuSti borCalos aRweraSi asaxelebs esred: àm adgilTa Sina mosax-

leni arian sarwmunoebiT somexni da mciredad qarTlis sarwmunoebisa,

aramed qceva-zniTa qarTuliTa~. amnair somxebis tomiT qarTvelobisa Cven

eWvi ara gvaqvs, radgan sazogadod SeniSnulia, rom somxebi saca wavlen,

TavianT zne-Cveulebas ar stovdnen da sxvisas ar scvlian, sxvaTa Soris,

TviT mogzauri gambac mowmobs, rom saqarTveloSi somxebi arafriT ems-

gavsebian qarTvelebs da maTSi irCevian TavianTi zne-CveulebiT. am faqts

yvelani cxadad davinaxavT, ukeTu CavukvirdebiT am erTi saukunis wineT

saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebul somxebs, romlebsac TavianTi ararai dau-

tovebiaT da sxva zne-Cveuleba ar SeuTvisebiaT. dResac yvelaferSi iseTi

somxebi arian, yovelis mxriT, rogorc iyvnen am erTi saukunis wineT, aq

gadmosaxlebis dros. es faqti sabuTs gvaZlevs qarTvel tomad SevracxoT

yvela isini, romlebsac somxebisa marto sarwmunoeba aqvT da ara zne-

Cveuleba. is sakiTxi, rom qarTvelobaSic moipovebian somxis merjuleni _

e.i. qarTveli grigorianebi, jer b. kldiam aRZra ìveriaSi~ 1902 wels,

xolo Semdgom imave wels moskovis lazares aRmosavleTi enebis institu-

tis profesorma b. xaxanaSvilma `kavkaz~ _ rusul gazeTSi. amave sagans

Seexo batoni lasi 1904 wlis ianvris dRis ìveriaSi~.247

qarTvel grigorianebs, rogorc cnobilia, ̀ somxebs~ uwodebdnen. agreTve,

qarTvel kaTolikeebsac, gansakuTrebiT ki somxurenovani wirva-locvis mqo-

neT. amitomac qarTvelTa gadagvarebis am saxes unda ewodos qarTvelTa

armenizacia.

m. TamaraSvili wers _ àxlaxans gorSi da axalcixeSi (1703 da 1705 w.)

dawerili sabuTebi aRmoaCines, romlebic cxadad gvimtkiceben iqauri kaTo-

likebis qarTvelobas naTlisRebis saxelebiT da sxva garemoebiT... ai, xsenebul

axlad napovn sabuTebSi zogierTi saxelebi: mindoraTi, mananaZe, waldaZe,

nebieriZe, miqelaZe, xurciZe, qaTamaTi, zazaTi, beroTi, beromelaTi, malxazaTi,

keJeraTi, gulspaTi, tetiaTi, batonaTi... xizanaTi, cxelaTi, TeliaTi, tyavaZe,

omiaZe, maisuraZe, horovelaTi, meCxuaTi, filiWamiaTi, godelaTi, godermaTi,


TuTelaTi, xuTqalTi... naxvretaTi, qvaTi, fufulaTia, gediaTi, kenWianTi, xrin-

wianTi... kbilaTi, koWibrolaTi, sardalaTi, kandelakianTi, ZamaTi, puwkaTi,

xaxianaTi, gelaWamiaTi, WotuaTi, eTeraTi, puradaTi, qoCoraTi, RviniaTi, Cit-

irekaTi, amzerianTi, qoniaaTi da sxva... (kacebis saxelebi) qristesa, RvTisa,

aRdgomela, maxara, darCia, oWia, gania, beruka, Cita, Sermazana, erekle, ramaza,

sava, niko, gogita, farsadana, nadira, xoSa, maxarobeli, kikina, zaali, elizbara,

glaxa, saba, JoJua, beJana, zuraba, amirana, papua, mamuka, paata, gogia, beJua,

mamula, Saqro, nikaSa, malaqia, nono, nonia, iordane, sayvarela, Sio, Tamaza da

sxva. dedakacis saxelebi: mzeqala, mzisadara, vardigula, gulsunda, iagunda,

naTelo, dediqala, dedijanu, darejana, TuTa, TvalSvenieri, ZuZuna, Tamara,

lelo, ybawiTela, gundo, batondeda, gulgula, ybaCua, bangiani, vardo, gundo,

dedeba, TeTrua, loyawiTela, gedo, kakalo, yayaCo da sxva~.248

yvela eseni qarTveli kaTolikeni somxebad iwodebodnen. simarTle gairkva

mixeil TamaraSvilisa da sxva qarTvel moRvaweTa gmiruli TavdadebiT.

Tbilisis moqalaqeTa gagrigorianebis Semdeg grigorianTa ubnebSi arse-

buli qarTvelTa eklesiebi umrevlod da umoqmedod darCenilni _ grigo-

rianebs rCebodaT. maTi marTlmadidebeli winaprebis mier iyo aSenebuli

kidec es eklesiebi. eklesiis mrevli mxolod sarwmunoebas icvlida, saeklesio

Senoba ki kvlav Zveli rCeboda. TamaraSvili wers _ `ai, sxvaTa Soris,

ravdeni eklesiebi daiCemes da maTSi qarTuli warwerebi gaaqres _ tfil-

isSi meidnis Tavze yofila patara gumbaTiani eklesia, dRes surf-georqad

wodebuli wm. nikolozis eklesia, dRes jigraSenis eklesiad wodebuli,

avlabris xidis iqiT myofi isnis eklesia, feTxainis eklesia, Zvelad beTle-

mis RvTismSoblisad wodebuli, tfilisis axlos TeleTis wmida giorgis

eklesia, Savnabadas eklesia, Telavis RvTismSoblis eklesia, romelic erek-

le mefis saxlis ezoSi yofila, javaxeTSi kumurdos eklesia da sxva~.249

marTlac, giuldenStedti, romelmac imogzaura saqarTveloSi, CamoTvlis

Tbilisis somexTa eklesiebs. mas Tavis teqstSi ucvlelad gadaaqvs ekle-

siaTa saxelebi, romlidanac Cans, rom am eklesiebs ixsenieben qarTuli

saxeliT `saydari~, kerZod, am somxur eklesiebs hqviaT _

`Zichis Sagdari~ _ e.i. `cixis saydari~,

`Petcherno Sagdari~ _ e.i. `feTxainis saydari~,

`Wankis Sagdari~ _ e.i. `vanqis saydari~,

`Melikis und Subsarnisi Sagdari~ _ e.i. `meliqis, anu subsarqisis saydari~,

`sagaSeni~, ̀ noraSeni~, ̀ moRnini~, ̀ jigraSeni~, ̀ surbniSani~, ̀ kozmani~, ̀ qamoani _

qamoanT eklesia~, ̀ zirkiani _ zirkianT eklesia~, ̀ subkarapetesa~, ̀ kasebis~, ̀ petros~,

anu `subkarapetas~ saydari an eklesia; `kasebis~ eklesia, `petros eklesia~.250

sxvaTa Soris, aRsaniSnavia, rom giuldenStedtis dakvirvebiT lekebis

garemocvaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi lekdebodnen, xolo osTa Soris mcx-

ovrebi qarTvelebic aseve kargavdnen enas da religias.


`kavkasiel mTielTa Soris, gansakuTrebiT lekebsa da osebSi arian

bevri qarTvelebi, romelTac religiasTan erTad, enac daiviwyes.251

mogzauri aRniSnavs, rom qarTveloba im soflebisa, romlebic moeqca

mahmadianebis xelqveiT, gamahmadiandnen da amiT gaTaTrdnen~, _ igulisxmeba

saingilo.

`...Warma Semdegi soflebi mostaca kaxeTs _ alianaTi, kaxi, varxiani da

inguxi. isini ekuTvnian ukve dasaxlebul Warel patara mTavrebs. maTi

mosaxleoba jerac qarTvelebia, magram cota aqvT qarTuli Cvevebi da

TiTqmis ureligiod arian. Tumca, meti wili mosaxleobisa qarTvelebia,

mainc isini sarwmunoebiT mahmadianebi arian... es mxare TebelTan erTad

adre emorCileboda kaxeTis mefes da iyo qristianuli. axla is damoukide-

belia. ara aqvs religia. gansakuTrebiT Wari Zalian yaCaRuria. isini Tv-

lian Tavs sunis seqtis mahmadianebad~.252

giuldenStedti aRwers, Tu rogor icleboda qarTlis mTianeTi qarTuli

mosaxleobisagan da rogor upatronod da umrevlod rCeboda qarTvelTa

eklesiebi. cxinvalis CrdiloeTiT aCabeTis cixidan 15 wuTis savalze aris

sofeli qurTa, romelic dasaxlebulia qarTvelebiTac da osebiTac... sofel

sxlebSi jer kidev aris patara Zveli qviTkiris eklesia, romelSic jerec

dgas vercxliT moWedili jvari, is aris 2 futis simaRlis da 40 wlis

winaT Tavad maCabelma da misma meuRlem Semoswires. Tavads ar hqonia

sazafxulo saxli. es eklesia axla mxolod damnaSave osebs emsaxureba

TavSesafarad~.253

n. berZeniSvili wers, rom Crdilokavkasieli tomebi saqarTvelosaken

jer kidev XIII saukuneSi daiZrnen, magram erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwi-

fos daSlis Semdeg (XVI saukunidan) isini TandaTanobiT Semovidnen

saqarTveloSi da adgilobriv mcxovreblebs Seerivnen.

`XIII saukuneSi oqros urdos monRolebma imierkavkasiis velebi daiWires

da Tavis samomTabarod aqcies. mTas Semoxiznuli adgilobrivi mosaxleoba

_ afxazni, Cerqezni, osni, RunZ-RliRvni TandaTan amierkavkasiisaken moiwevd-

nen da piraqeT kavkasiis tomebs _ dvalebs, fxovelebs ereodnen~.254

Tu XIX saukunemde, ase Tu ise, qarTuli eklesia icavda saqarTvelos

qarTuli mosaxleobis ̀ qarTvelobas~, imis Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos avtoke-

falia gauqmda, kidev ufro gaRrmavda qarTvelTa rogorc armenizaciis, ise

sxva tomebsa da xalxebSi asimilaciis procesi, rogorc amas imdroindeli

aRweris masalebi uCveneben.

qsnis xeobaSi `sof. zodexis ZiriTadi mkvidrni 1774 wels iyvnen odiS-

vilebi... sainteresoa eTnografiuli masala odiSvilebis Sesaxeb. `Cveni

warmoSoba sul sxva gvari iyo. Zir-gvari yofila cecxlaZe. Tavidan meju-

dis xeobis sofel ardisSi ucxovriaT. mand yofilan sami Zmani cecxlaZee-

bi (aRsaniSnavia, rom cecxlaZeebi 1744 wlis aRweris Tanaxmad WurTisxe-


vis mkvidrni arian _ r.T. ixileT javax. gv. 184). erTs erqva bedo, meores _

mela, mesames _ odi. eseni Camosulan da daukargavT namdvili gvari ceclx-

laZe da gadakeTebulan sam gvarad: odiSvilad, bedoSvilad da melaZed.

melaZis winapari dasaxlda WerTSi, odiSvilisa _ zodexSi, bedoSvilisa _

safarSeTSi. melaZeebi da bedoSvilebi _ gaosdnen. xevSic arian odiSvile-

bi. papaCemis gadmocemiT isini zodexSi modiodnen salocavad~.255

`XIV saukunidan qarTlis mTaSi iwyeba osuri nakadis SemoRweva~.256

osebi jer didi da patara liaxvis saTaveebTan, xolo ufro mogvianebiT

qsnis xeobis saTaveebSi esaxlebian. dvaluri mosaxleoba osuri dafenebis

qveS eqceva. osuri dafenebis qveS moeqca adgilze mosaxle qarTveloba,

romelTac osebisagan Seiswavles salaparako ena da gadmoiRes maTi zne-

Cveulebani, es procesi daiwyo XIV saukunidan da dRemde grZeldeba.257

rogorc aRiniSna, XIX saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqme-

bis Semdeg qarTvelTa gagrigorianebas farTo xasiaTi hqonia _ `es SeRa-

vaTi da kidev bevri sxvac (rom mahmadianuri samyaro somxur eklesias

naklebad aviwroebda) qarTvelTaTvis erTgvar satyuaras warmoadgenda, rasac

Raribi glexoba Tu Raribi qarTveli moqalaqe advilad etaneboda. am

niadagze bevrma qarTvelma miiRo grigorianoba da somexad mogvevlina.

gasomxeba mimdinareobda ara marto qalaqebSi, aramed soflebSic.

XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi batonymobis gadavardnis Semdeg, mravali

qarTveli mebatonis mamuli uvardeboda somex didvaWars. zogjer am mam-

ulze msxdomi glexebi axali mebatonis sarwmunoebasac Rebulobdnen~.258

eTnograf n. volkovas 1976 wels dmanisis raions sof. vardisubanSi aseTi

saintereso masala aqvs dafiqsirebuli: vardisubanSi cxovroben qarTvele-

bi da somxebi. somxebi ewerebian minasiancebad, miqeliancebad, avaqianebad

da marqarianebad, pasportSic uweriaT, rom arian somxebi. maT somxuri ena

ar ician. maTi mSobliuri ena qarTulia. yofiTi wes-CveulebiT da kultur-

is yvela niSniT qarTvelebi arian, somxur yofasTan araferi akavSirebT.

TiTqos iseTi suraTi iqmneboda, rom somxebis qarTvelebTan asimilacias

unda hqonoda adgili, sinamdvileSi ki es ase ar ariso, wers n. volkova.

gamokiTxvis Sedegad gairkva, rom aqauri somxuri gvarebis matareblebi

warmoSobiT qarTvelebi arian da aq asiode wlis win mosulan sxvadasxva

raionebidan. ase, magaliTad, minasiancebis da miqaeliancebis winapari diRmeli

TeTraZeebi yofilan, romlebic diRmidan sami Taobis win gadasulan. mar-

qarovebis winapari goreli menabdiSvilebi yofilan. marqarovebs vardis-

ubanSi axlac menabdianTs eZaxian (patronimiul saxels) da ara marqarovebs.

aqaurebs kargad axsovT, Tu rogor Seucvala adgilobrivma somexma memam-

ulem qarTvelebs qarTuli gvarebi somxurad.

Cvens mier 1985 wels amave sofelSi igive masala iqna damowmebuli. mag.

simoniSvilebs somexma mebatonem simoniancebad gadaukeTa gvari.


somxebi imTaviTve xels hkidebdnen vaWroba-xelosnobas. grigorianuli

eklesia qarTuli eklesiisgan erTgvarad ganze idga. somxur mosaxleobas

mRvdelmsaxurebisaTvis XX saukunis dasawyisSi Sida qarTlis raionebSi

133 eklesia da 137 mRvdeli tertera emsaxureboda. maTi mrevli 100

aTasamde kacs Seadgenda~.259

`...gansakuTrebiT Rirebulia XIX saukuneSi ramdenjerme Catarebuli mo-

saxleobis kameraluri aRweris masalebi da 1886 wlis saojaxo siebi (ss).

qarTveli monofizitebi (grigorianebi) xSir SemTxvevaSi somxuri erovneb-

isadmi arian miTvlili. am SemTxvevaSi gadamwyveti azri aRmwerTa mier

sarwmunoebriv momentzea gadatanili. Tu qarTveli, marTlmadidebluri

rwmenis garda aRiarebda sxva sarwmunoebas, is mosaxleobis SexedulebiT

qarTveli aRar iyo. ase moinaTlnen somxebad aRmosavleT da samxreT

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis garkveuli nawili, frangebad (da somxebad) _

kaTolike qarTvelebi samcxe-javaxeTSi, ingiloebad _ mahmadiani qarTvele-

bi istoriul hereTSi, Turqebad _ mahmadiani qarTvelebi samxreT-dasavleT

saqarTveloSi... cnobilia, rom saqarTveloSi monofizituri qristianoba

gavrcelda qarTvelTa Sorisac da Camoyalibda qarTvel grigorianTa Tavise-

buri jgufi... goris mazris Tarianis sazogadoebis sofel axaldabaSi

sxvadasxva gvaris qarTvelebTan erTad mosaxleoben papuaSvilebi, TaTriS-

vilebi, nacvliSvilebi, TandilaSvilebi, giorgaSvilebi, kutiSvilebi, javax-

iSvilebi. CamoTvlil gvarTa warmomadgenlebi somxuri eTnikuri fenisadmi

arian mikuTvnebuli. Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, sarwmunoebrivi momentis gamo,

aRniSnuli gvar-saxelebis matarebelni amave ss-is mixedviT saqarTvelos

sxva regionebSic arian gansaxlebulni da yvelani qarTvelebs ekuTvnian...

saerTod, 1886 wlis ss-iT SeiZleba gamoTvla, Tu ramdeni komli, gvari, suli

aris Camocilebuli xelovnurad qarTul eTnoss da meqanikurad sxva eT-

nosze, am SemTxvevaSi somxurze miwerili... axalqalaqi (qarTlis) somxuri

gvarsaxelebis CamoTvlas aq ar SevudgebiT, magram unda davasaxeloT zo-

gierTi ̀ somxuri~ gvarsaxeli: mamasaxliSvili, qvriviSvili, xuciSvili, me-

zurniSvili, goginaSvili, oqromWedliSvili, CalaSvili, tatanaSvili, abuaS-

vili, gabrieliZe, wverianaSvili, mWedliSvili, nasyidaSvili, iverianovi, firal-

iSvili, goderZiSvili, mamacaSvili... CamoTvlil gvarsaxelebs qarTuli Zirebi

aqvT, eTnografiuli masalebiTac isini grigoriani qarTvelebi iyvnen... gor-

is mazris sof. berbukSi mosaxleobdnen gigaurebi. ss-iT gigaurebi somxur-

grigorianuli sarwmunoebis gamo, somxuri eTnosisadmi arian mikuTvneb-

ulni... verxviaSvilebis erTi komli Tu somxuri grigorianuli sarwmunoe-

bis mimdevari da erovnebiT ̀ somexia~, meore _ marTlmadidebelia da qarTve-

lia. goris mazris sofel vayaSi somxuri eTnosisadmi arian mikuTvnebulni

imedaSvilebi, mamulaSvilebi, mekariSvilebi... grakalSi _ papuaSvilebi, gog-

inaSvilebi, durgliSvilebi, tatiaSvilebi; did garejvarSi _ TuSiSvilebi,

munjiSvilebi, dirbSi _ kulumbegaSvilebi (am gvaris warmomadgenlebi, saerTod,


osebi arian), doliaSvilebi, moZmanaSvilebi, TeTruaSvlebi, qoTuaSvilebi,

berianaSvilebi, paataSvilebi... zemorexSi _ kakitaSvilebi, mamukelaSvilebi,

qarTveliSvilebi, kabulaSvilebi (es gvaric osuria), tyviavSi _ qarelebi,

merabiSvilebi, giguaSvilebi, xabaziSvilebi da mravali sxva. sof. kavTisxev-

Si somxur-grigorianuli rwmenis gamo somxuri erovnebisadmi arian mikuTvneb-

ulni: nanikaSvilebi, qsovrelebi, iremaSvilebi, basiaSvilebi, biWikaSvilebi...

qvaxvrelSi _ berikaSvilebi, papiaSvilebi, gogolaSvilebi, meTiaSvilebi, xu-

ciSvilebi, gigolaSvilebi... axalgorSi mosaxleoben iseTi gvarebic, rom-

lebic somxuri eTnosisadmi konfesiuri mikuTvnebulobis gamo arian miwer-

ili. aseT grigorian qarTvelebs Soris SeiZleba davasaxeloT: mzareu-

lovi, burdinovi, mearayovi, kakilovi, kikolaSvili, xubaSvili (ZiriTadad

osi), xocuelaSvili, beriaSvili, loseuraSvili, gaTenaSvili, geliaSvili,

daTiaSvili, gremelaSvili, cagareli. eTnografiuli masalebiTac, CamoTv-

lili gvarebi qarTvelebi arian, romlebmac garkveuli mizezebis gamo

miiRes somxur-grigorianuli sarwmunoeba da Sesabamisad, miekuTvnen somx-

ur erovnebas... qarTveli grigorianebis CamoTvla 1886 wlis ss-is mixedviT

SeiZleba gagvegrZelebina agreTve Tbilisis, Telavis, siRnaRis mazrebidan...

aviRoT magaliTad, Tbilisis mazris sofeli _ axalsofeli, sadac mosaxle

kazarovebis erT nawils miwerili aqvT _ ̀ eseni maTiaSvilebi arian~. meore

nawils _ ̀ eseni marTiaSvilebi arian~. sofel kumisSi mkvidrobda~ keklovi

(eseni alaverdaSvilebia)~. kumisis mosaxleobis didi nawili qarTvelebi

iyvnen (grigorianuli rwmenis gamo ki somxebad arian Cawerili)... babalaS-

vili, guraspaSvili (Seadare guraspauli), sayvarelaSvili, maTuraZe, TaT-

araSvili, gziriSvili, garsevanovi, xoritovi, guramovi, gabievi, JuJiaSvili,

tetiaSvili, kaxelaSvili, qobulaSvili, olqiaSvili, dedilaSvili, niniaS-

vili, soziaSvili, maisuraZe, sayevarovi, kaxurovi, rostiaSvili... patara erg-

neTSi _ `griquraSvili (eseni mestviriSvilebi arian)~, sarTiWalaSi _

`stefanovi (eseni garsiaSvilebia)~, sanioreSi _ `oxanaSvili (orkodaS-

vilebia)~, ̀ sarqisaSvili (kikuaSvilebia)~, yandaurSi _ ̀ kuzanaSvili (gamt-

kiculaSvilebia)~; CumlaySi _ `demurovi (menabdiSvilebia)~; ananaurSi _

`stepanovi (muxaSvilebia)~... mTeli Sua saukuneebis manZilze saqarTveloSi

somxuri mosaxleoba iyo, da Sesabamisad, qarTveli grigorianebic, magram am

ukanasknelTa raodenobis zrda gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba XIX saukunis Sua

xanebidan (araerTi magaliTi SeiZleboda mogvetana XIX saukunis sxvadasx-

va periodis kameraluri aRwerebidan, romlebSic esa Tu is gvarebi jer

marTlmadideblebad da qarTvelebad, Semdeg ki grigorianebad da somxebad

arian Cawerili). saqarTveloSi XIX saukuneSi qarTveli grigorianebis

zrda, Cveni azriT, dakavSirebuli unda iyos qveyanaSi kapitalisturi urT-

ierTobis swraf zrdasa da 1811 wlidan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri

eklesiis avtokefaliis dakargvasTan~.260

zemoT aRwerili procesi saqarTveloSi XX saukuneSic unda gagrZelebu-

liyo, magaliTad, aviRoT mesxeTi. aq 5 raionSi axalqalaqis, bogdanovkis, aspin-


Zis, axalcixisa da adigenis raionebSi, 1923-24 wlebidan 1980 wlamde, aRar

moqmedebda arc erTi qarTuli eklesia (arc marTlmadidebluri da arc

qarTul-kaTolikuri), 1980 wels, axalcixis wmida marines eklesiis gaxsnamde,

amave periodSi ki aq uwyvetad moqmedebdnen somxur-grigorianuli eklesiebi

axalqalaqsa da axalcixeSi da somxur-kaTolikuri eklesia _ axalcixis

raionis sof. sxvilisSi. amis gamo, mTeli mosaxleoba (da 1944 wlidan aq

Camosaxlebuli imerloba) monaTluli iyo somxur eklesiebSi. am ambis TviTmx-

ilveli meca var da amJamad mcxovrebTa umravlesobac amas adasturebs. 1924-

1980 wlebSi qarTvelebi somxebTan inaTlebodnen qarTuli eklesiis umoqme-

dobis gamo, im motiviT, rom `mironi xom mainc erTiao~. `mironi xom mainc

msoflioSi yvelgan somxeTidan modis, Cvenc xom somxuri mironi gvaqvso~.

cxadia, aseTi Tvalsazrisi arasworia da SeiZleba gangeb gavrcelebuli.

qarTvelTa armenizaciis sxvadasxva meTods Soris SeiZleba gamoirCes:

mosaxleobis darwmuneba da ekonomiuri zemoqmedeba. pirvelis Sesaxeb miu-

TiTebs 1813 wels qarTul enaze eCmiaZinSi dabeWdili da saqarTveloSi

gavrcelebuli sigeli. am sigels xels aweren (TavianTi beWdiT adastureben)

somexTa 6 arqiepiskoposi da 2 varTapeti, magram samwuxarod, sigelSi si-

crue simarTledaa gamocxadebuli, kerZod, TiTqosda rostom mefe somxuri

warmoSobisa iyo, TiTqosda misi Svili qarTvelebma mokles, samarTali ga-

momJRavnda, qarTvelebi daisajnen da ganidevnen xelmwifis karidan, xolo

Tbilis-qalaqis mmarTveloba da ufrosoba somxebs gadaecaT.261

ekonomiuri zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb wers q. SaraSiZe, matenadaranSi daculi

qarTuli xelnawerebis erT nawilze muSaobis Semdeg. `am jgufSi sayura-

dRebod iyo ramdenime sabuTi, romlebic cxadyofdnen, rom somexTa eklesia,

saqarTvelos zogierT raionSi, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, fuladi Tanxis gamsesx-

ebeli dawesebulebebis funqcias asrulebda ara marto somexi, aramed

qarTveli mosaxleobisaTvisac~.262

`sayuradReboa somexTa kaTalikos nerses humanuri pirovneba (1760-1857)...

man daaarsa somxuri seminaria da dawyebiTi skolebi TbilisSi, umaRlesi

saswavlebeli... nersesi daxmarebis xels uwvdida qvriv-oblebs. Telaveli

qvrivis, somxis qalis mimarTva xsenebuli pirovnebisadmi mowmobs, rom

nersesis daxmarebiT izrdebian, Sesabamis asakSi mziTvdebian da qorwinde-

bian qvrivis oboli gogonebi da sxva. aRsaniSnavia, rom nersesis qvelmo-

qmedeba ar aris Semofargluli nacionaluri da religiuri zRudeebiT.

nersesma Cinebulad icis qarTuli... sayuradReboa, rom nersesi, etyoba, pi-

radad midioda qarTlis soflebSi zogierTi saqmis mosagvareblad. XIX

saukunis I naxevarSi am kaTalikoss nivTieri daxmarebisa da mfarvelobi-

saTvis qarTvelebic mimarTaven... nersess mimarTavs vinme Tamari. etyoba,

didi Tavadis meuRle, romlis qmaric tyveobaSi daRupula. daRupuli, Cans,

garkveul politikur rols TamaSobda, vinaidan misi ojaxisTvis CamourT-


meviaT yma da mamuli, qvrivi sastik siRaribeSi Cavardnila. Tamari metad

Tavdaxrilad sTxovs nersess nugeSs da daxmarebas.263 aRsaniSnavia, rom am

qarTveli Tavadis meuRle qarTul enaze mimarTavs somxuri eklesiis me-

Taurs. amave dros ki gauqmebuli qarTuli eklesiis meTauri rusi egzarx-

osebi sastikad devnidnen qarTul enas. Tavadis qvrivisaTvis qoneba swored

ruseTis (marTlmadidebelTa) xelisuflebas CamourTmevia, somexi xelisu-

fali ki mas xels umarTavs. cxadia, gasomxebisaTvis pirobebi Seqmnilia.

q. SaraSiZe wers _ `axali ambavi ar aris, rom saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi

somxebisaTvis qarTuli ena saukuneebis manZilze mSobliuri ena gaxda da

qarTuli mwignobroba maTi udidesi nawilisaTvis erTaderTi iyo, romelsac

isini flobdnen. matenadaranis Cven mier anotirebuli sabuTebi erTxel

kidev adastureben am faqts. qarTulad iwereba mokiTxvis baraTebi, qarTu-

lad warmoebs saqmiani mimowera ojaxis wevrebs Sorisac, qarTulad iwere-

ba ara Tu kerZo pirebis angariSebi, davTrebi, Tamasuqebi, aramed somexTa

eklesiebis oficialuri angariSebic.

sayuradReboa, rom sami vaWari Zma, romelTagan erTi TbilisSi vaWrobs,

meore _ erevanSi, da mesame kidev _ yarsSi, erTmaneTTan qarTuli mimoweriT

arian dakavSirebuli. am TvalsazrisiT CvenTvis yvelaze sayuradRebo iyo

nerses kaTalikosis mimarT 1826 wlis axlos dawerili baraTi...~264

XIX saukuneSi, im dros, roca qarTuli ena amierkavkasiis da saqarTve-

los mosaxleobis umTavresi ena iyo, TbilisSi ar arsebobda arc erTi

qarTulenovani skola Tu saswavlebeli (XIX s-is 60-70-ian wlebamde) maSin,

roca imave TbilisSi arsebobda somxurenovani seminaria, sxvadasxva somx-

uri saxelosno saswavlebeli da umaRlesi saswavlebelic ki. mosaxleoba,

da maT Soris qarTveli mosaxleobac (gansakuTrebiT moqalaqeni), TavianT

Svilebs am somxur saswavlebelSi abarebdnen, sadac isini swavlobdnen

kidec somxur enas, maTTvis ucxo enas.

unda davaskvnaT, rom erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg

(XV s) erTiani qarTveli xalxic ganicdis denacionalizacias, sxvadasxva

qarTul samefo-samTavroebSi danawilebul qarTvelobas uCndeba kuTxuri

patriotizmi, yalibdeba imerloba, qarTleloba, kaxeloba Tu megreloba,

amave dros qarTvelTa erTi nawili `TaTrdeba~, `frangdeba~, `somxdeba~,

gansakuTrebiT ki mimdinareobda qarTvelTa armenizacia. mTiani nawilis

qarTvelobac denacionalizacias ganicdida. es procesi gagrZelda XIX

saukuneSic, Tumca amave saukunis bolos daiwyo konsolidaciis procesi. am

dros qarTvelTa erovnuli konsolidaciisadmi antagonisturad ganewyo

somxuri burJuazia. g. meliqiSvili wers _ ̀ meore mxriv, qarTvelTa erovnu-

li konsolidaciis procesisadmi antagonisturad ganwyobili aRmoCnda

agreTve Zlieri somxuri burJuazia, romelic gabatonebul mdgomareobas

aRwevs am xanis saqarTveloSi da kavkasiis zog sxva raionSi~.265 da es

cxadia xels uwyobda grigorianeli qarTvelebis somxebSi asimilacias.

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