Geography of Mexico - Sayre Geography Classsayregeographyclass.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/8/8/... ·...
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Chapter 10
Geography of Mexico
What is the difference between
Mexico’s four coastal regions?
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Hernan Cortes
• Spanish explorer who conquered
Mexico
• Described physical features of
Mexico as:
– Crumpled piece of paper example
• Mountain ranges –
– Sierra Madre Occidental –western coast
– Sierra Madre Oriental – eastern coast
– Plateau (area of high, flat land) lies
between
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The Heartland Region
• Natural Hazards
– Central plateau is geologically
unstable
– Mexico is located at the intersection
of four tectonic plates – North
American, Caribbean, Pacific, and
Cocos plates
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• Climate Factors
– Low precipitation to the north,
moderate to the south
– Higher elevation keeps temperatures
mild, even though it is in the tropics
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The Four Coastal Regions
1. Northern Pacific Coast
– Dry, hot, and little population
– Some of countries best farmlands –
because of irrigation
– Baja California – mostly
mountainous desert
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2. Southern Pacific Coast
– Smaller mountain ranges
– Little farmland
– Large tourism business
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3. Gulf Coast Plain
– Vast deposits of petroleum and
natural gas along the lain and
offshore
– One of world’s major oil-producing
regions
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4. The Yucatan Peninsula
– Generally flat
– Limestone bedrock that creates
underground caverns
– Landscape is dotted with sinkholes
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A Place of Three
Cultures
What are the three cultures
that help make up modern
Mexico?
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Plaza de las Tres Culturas
– The Three Cultures – is located on the
site of an Aztec center that fell to the
Spanish in a 1521 battle
– In the center there are restored ruins of
an Aztec temple pyramid
• One side has a 1609 Spanish church
• Another side has twin office buildings of
glass and concrete
• A busy eight-lane highway runs past the
plaza
• http://sobreturismo.es/2008/08/27/tlatelolco-
lugar-de-una-matanza/
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3 Cultures
1. Native American
2. Spanish
3. mestizo
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Aztecs and Spaniards
• Early 1400’s, Aztec capital city of
Tenochtitlan was center of an
empire
– Built on an island in a lake, current
site of Mexico City
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• The Spanish Conquest
– Hernan Cortes, with 600 soldiers,
marched into Tenochtitlan in 1519
– Spaniards destroyed the Aztec
empire within 2 years
– Became colony of New Spain
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• New Spain
– Four social classes emerged
1. Peninsulares – born in Spain
2. Criollos – Spanish ancestry born in
America
3. Mestizos – mix of Native American and
Europeans
4. Indians – Native to America
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Road to Democracy
What events led to the eventual
development of Democracy in
Mexico?
• Resentment between classes
– Miguel Hidalgo – a criollo priest
– Sparked a war for independence
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• Independence did not mean democracy
– 100 years to achieve democracy
– End of 1800’s, Mexico stable enough to attract foreign capital and industry
• Oil reserves developed
– Gap between rich and poor grew even bigger
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• The Mexican Revolution
– 1910, peasants and middle-class Mexicans rebelled, standing up to the military dictator
– By 1920, a new president and a new constitution
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Social Conditions
• Rural Life
– After the revolution, the government began program of buying out landowners and breaking up large haciendas – land redistribution
– Ejidos – farmland owned by members of a rural community practiced subsistence farming
– 1/3 of Mexican farms are latifundios (large commercial farms)
– 3-4 million rural families are migrant workers
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• Urban Life
– ¾ of Mexico’s population live in cities
– Better opportunity for jobs
– Majority of people are very poor
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Economic Activities
• 1993, NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) was designed to compete with the European Union, a free-trade network in Europe
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• Major Industries
1. Petroleum
2. Tourism – the “smokeless industry”
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• Border Industries
– Maquiladoras- factories that assemble products almost exclusively for consumers in the U.S.
• Responsible for large amount of air and water pollution