norbert elias Early Writingsarchive.norbert-elias.com/docs/pdf/Contentsofall18.pdf · contents...

norbert elias

Early WritingsTranslated by Edmund Jephcott

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 1

Edited by Richard Kilminster

university college dublin pressPreas Choláiste Ollscoile Bhaile Átha Cliath

Early writings 00\01 11/10/2005 10:07 Page iii

© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2002, 2006German edition published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt/Mainas volume 1 of the Norbert Elias Gesammelte Schriften, 2002

Published 2006 by University College Dublin Pressas volume 1 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias

ISBN 1-904558-39-9

University College Dublin Press Newman House, 86 St Stephen’s GreenDublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Cataloguing in Publication data available from the British Library

Typeset in Ireland in Baskerville by Elaine Burberry, Bantry, Co. CorkText design by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

Early writings 00\01 11/10/2005 10:07 Page iv

contents

Norbert Elias, 1897–1990 viiNote on the text xi

1 Three-day excursion to the Riesengebirge (1914) 32 On seeing in nature (1921) 53 Idea and individual: a critical investigation

of the concept of history (1922) 234 Idea and individual: a contribution to the

philosophy of history (1924) 555 Anecdotes (1924) 596 Contribution to the debate on Karl Mannheim:

the importance of competition in the intellectual field (1929) 67

7 On primitive art (1929) 718 The sociology of German anti-Semitism (1929) 779 The kitsch style and the age of kitsch (1935) 85

10 The expulsion of the Huguenots from France (1935) 97

Appendix 105Notes on the transcription of the Appendix 107The emergence of the modern natural sciences (c.1925–6) 111

Bibliography 125Index 129

Early writings 00\01 11/10/2005 10:07 Page v

norbert elias

The Court SocietyTranslated by Edmund Jephcott

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 2Edited by Stephen Mennell


Elias-Court 00 31/10/2005 14:45 Page iii

Originally published as Die höfische Gesellschaftby Hermann Luchterhand Verlag, Darmstadt and Neuwied, 1969© Norbert Elias, 1969

Revised German edition published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt/Mainas volume 2 of the Norbert Elias Gesammelte Schriften, 2002

English translation published by Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1983

This revised edition published 2006by University College Dublin Pressas volume 2 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2002, 2006

ISBN 1-904558-40-2

University College Dublin Press Newman House, 86 St Stephen’s GreenDublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher


Typeset in Ireland in Baskerville by Elaine Burberry, Bantry, Co. CorkDesigned by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

Elias-Court 00 31/10/2005 14:45 Page iv

contents

Norbert Elias, 1897–1990 vii

Note on the text xi

1 Introduction: sociology and historiography 3

2 Preliminary notes on the problem to be studied 39

3 The structure of dwellings as an indicator of social structure 45

4 Characteristics of the court-aristocratic figuration 73

5 Etiquette and ceremony: conduct and sentiment of human

beings as functions of the power structure of their society 86

6 The binding of the king through etiquette and status chances 127

7 The sociogenesis and development of French court society as

functions of power shifts in society at large 158

8 On the sociogenesis of aristocratic romanticism in the

process of courtisation 230

9 On the sociogenesis of the French Revolution 286

Appendix I

On the notion that there can be a state without structural conflicts:

[reflections on the National Socialist state] 294

Appendix II

On the position of the intendant in the estate management of the

court aristocracy, with particular reference to the economic ethos

of the court aristocracy 303

Bibliography 314

Index 321

Elias-Court 00 31/10/2005 14:45 Page v

norbert elias

On the Process of CivilisationSociogenetic and Psychogenetic InvestigationsPrevious editions published under the title The Civilizing Process

Translated by Edmund Jephcott with some notes and corrections by the author


Edited by Stephen Mennell, Eric Dunning, Johan Goudsblom and Richard Kilminster


Civilising text prelims_3.indd 3 27/04/2012 09:31

Über den Prozess der Zivilisation originally published in 2 volumes by Haus zum Falken, Basel, 1939,reprinted, with an additional Einleitung by Francke Verlag, Bern, 1969reprinted in paperback edition by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1976© Norbert Elias 1939, 1969, 1976

Revised German edition published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Mainas volume 3/I+II of the Norbert Elias Gesammelte Schriften, 1997© Norbert Elias Foundation, 1997

English translation of vol. i, The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners, published by Urizen, New York, and Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1978

English translation of vol. ii, The Civilizing Process: State Formation and Civilization, published by Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1982, and, under the title The Civilizing Process: Power and Civility, by Pantheon, New York, 1982 © Norbert Elias, 1982

One-volume edition, The Civilizing Process, published by Blackwell, Oxford, and Cambridge MA, 1994 © Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 1994

Revised one-volume edition, The Civilizing Process, published by Blackwell, Oxford, and Maldon MA, 2000 © Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2000

This revised one-volume editionOn the Process of Civilisation published 2012wby University College Dublin Pressas volume 3 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 1997, 2012

isbn 978 1 906359 04 1University College Dublin PressNewman House, 86 St Stephen’s GreenDublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,without the prior permission of the publisher


Designed and typeset in England in Baskerville by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham


contents

List of illustrations x

Norbert Elias, 1897–1990 xi

Note on the text xiii

ON THE PROCESS OF CIVILISATION

Preface 3

volume i Changes in the Behaviour of the Secular Upper Classes in the West

part one On the Sociogenesis of the Concepts of ‘Civilisation’ and ‘Culture’ 13

1 Sociogenesis of the contrast between ‘Kultur’ and ‘Zivilisation’ in German usage 15

Introduction 15

The developmental path of the contrast between Kultur and Zivilisation 19

Examples of courtly attitudes in Germany 21

The middle class and the court nobility in Germany 26

Literary examples of the relationship of the German

middle-class intelligentsia to the people of the court 32

The recession of the social element and the advance of the

national element in the contrast between Kultur and Zivilisation 38

2 The sociogenesis of the concept of ‘civilisation’ in France 44

Introduction 44

The sociogenesis of Physiocracy and the French reform movement 49

part two Civilisation as a Specific Transformation of Human Behaviour 59

1 The history of the concept of ‘civilité’ 61

2 On medieval manners 68

3 The problem of the change in behaviour during the Renaissance 78


4 On behaviour at table 91

Examples 91

i. Representing upper-class behaviour in fairly pure form 91

ii. From books addressed to wider bourgeois strata 98

Comments on the quotations on table manners 103

Group 1:

An overview of the societies to which the texts were addressed 103

Excursus on the rise and decline of the concepts of courtoisie and civilité 105

Overview of the curve of the ‘civilising’ of eating habits 107

Excursus on the modelling of speech at court 111

Reasons given by people for distinguishing between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ behaviour 115

Group 2:

On the eating of meat 118

On the use of the knife at table 123

On the use of the fork at table 126

5 Changes in attitudes towards the natural functions 129

Examples 129

Some comments on the examples and on these changes in general 133

6 On blowing one’s nose 141

Examples 142

Comments on the quotations on nose-blowing 147

7 On spitting 151

Examples 151

Comments on the quotations on spitting 154

8 On behaviour in the bedroom 158

Examples 158

Comments on the examples 160

9 Changes in attitudes towards the relations between men and women 166

10 On changes in aggressiveness 186

11 Scenes from the life of a knight 199


volume ii State Formation and Civilisation

part three Feudalisation and State Formation 213

1 Introduction 215

Survey of courtly society 215

A prospective glance at the sociogenesis of absolutism 219

2 Dynamics of feudalisation 224

Introduction 224

Centralising and decentralising forces in the medieval power figuration 226

The increase in population after the period of the great migrations 239

Some observations on the sociogenesis of the Crusades 246

The internal expansion of society: the formation of new social organs

and instruments 252

On some new elements in the structure of medieval society as compared

with antiquity 258

On the sociogenesis of feudalism 263

On the sociogenesis of Minnesang and courtly forms of conduct 269

3 On the sociogenesis of the state 290

The first stage of the rising monarchy: competition and monopolisation

within a territorial framework 290

Excursus on some differences in the paths of development of Britain,

France and Germany 294

On the monopoly mechanism 301

Early competitive struggles within the framework of the kingdom 311

The resurgence of centrifugal forces: the figuration of the

competing princes 323

The last stages of the free competitive struggle and the establishment

of the final monopoly of the victor 337

The power balance within the unit of rule: its significance for the

central authority – the formation of ‘the royal mechanism’ 347

On the sociogenesis of the monopoly of taxation 379

part four Overview: Towards a Theory of Civilising Processes 401

1 The social constraint towards self-constraint 403


2 Spread of the pressure for foresight and self-constraint 418

3 Diminishing contrasts, increasing varieties 422

4 The courtisation of the warriors 428

5 The muting of drives: psychologisation and rationalisation 439

6 Shame and repugnance 457

7 Increasing constraints on the upper class: increasing pressure from below 464

8 Conclusion 479

Postscript (1968) 491

Appendices

I Foreign-language originals of the exemplary extracts and verses 531

II Note on earlier discussions of ‘Zivilisation’ and ‘Kultur’ in German 559

III Nuances of ‘Court’ and ‘Courtier’ in Zedler’s Universal-Lexicon 561

IV On the early use of the word ‘civilisation’ in French 562

V The popularity of Erasmus’s ‘De civilitate morum puerilium’ 563

VI On boorish inversion: Dedekind’s ‘Grobianus’ 564

VII Notes on what was new in Erasmus 567

VIII The moulding of drives 569

IX Excerpt from Erasmus’s colloquy on ‘The Young Man and Harlot’ 571

X Modern attitudes to medieval nakedness 572

XI On cleanliness and the crumbling of the armour of civilised conduct 573

XII On feudalism in Europe and Asia 577

XIII Differences in the pace and structure of German and French feudalisation 580

XIV On cities, barter and monetarisation 582

XV Slaves, free men and manual work in Ancient Rome 584

XVI On law and political development 585

XVII Note on the concept of social power 587

XVIII On the Chinese form of centralisation 589

XIX On goals, purposes and functional explanation 590

XX On theories of social change 592

XXI On Gracián’s ‘Oraculo Manuale’ 594


XXII Shame feelings, sexual relations, class and religion 597

XXIII On British national character 599

XXIV On the strength of tensions, population pressure and international economics in hegemonic states 601

XXV Some American authors on habits and fears 604

XXVI Two faces of changing social standards of behaviour and feeling 606

XXVII On social change as a ‘malfunction’ of ‘social equilibrium’ 608

XXVIII On differences between the value attitudes of continental European and ‘Anglo-Saxon’ elites 610

XXIX On ideology, Realpolitik, and American sociology 611

XXX Notes on the plates from ‘Das mittelalterliche Hausbuch’ patrick murphy and stephen mennell 613

XXXI Preface to ‘Scenes from the life of a knight’, 1947 617

Bibliography 619

Index 636


illustrationsBetween pp. 202 and 203

i Merkur und seine Kinder (Mercury and his children)

ii Saturn und seine Kinder (Saturn and his children)

iii Die Hochwildjagd (The noble hunt)

iv Die Niederwildjagd (In pursuit of lesser game)

v Wasserburg (The moated castle)

vi Bergwerkspanorama (The mining panorama)

vii Hüttenwerk (Interior of a smelting plant with cupel furnace, bellows and workers)

viii Das Krönleinstechen (The coronal joust)

ix Das Scharfrennen (The tilt)

x Heerlager (Wagenburg) (The army encampment)

xi Mars und seine Kinder (Mars and his children)

xii Venus und ihre Kinder (Venus and her children)

xiii Badehaus (The bathhouse)

xiv Der obszöne Liebesgarten (The obscene garden of love)


norbert elias andjohn l. scotson

The Establishedand the Outsiders

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 4Edited by Cas Wouters


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First published by Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, London, 1965© Norbert Elias and John L. Scotson 1965‘Towards a theory of established–outsider relations’ first published in Dutch translation in De gevestigden en de buitenstaanders by Het Spectrum, Utrecht and Antwerp © Norbert Elias Foundation 1976English version first published by Sage Publications Ltd, London, 1994© Norbert Elias Foundation, 1994

This revised edition published 2008by University College Dublin Pressas volume 4 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2008

isbn 978-1-904558-92-7University College Dublin PressNewman House, 86 St Stephen’s GreenDublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie



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contents


towards a theory of established–outsider relationsNorbert Elias (1976) 1

THE ESTABLISHED AND THE OUTSIDERS

Norbert Elias and John L. Scotson (1965)

Preface to the first edition 391 Considerations of procedure 432 Neighbourhood relations in the making 543 Overall picture of Zone 1 and Zone 2 644 The mother-centred families of Zone 2 815 Local associations and the ‘old families’ network’ 886 Overall picture of Zone 3 1067 Observations on gossip 1228 Young people in Winston Parva 1379 Conclusion 172

Appendices by Norbert EliasI Sociological aspects of identification 196II A Note on the concepts ‘social structure’ and ‘anomie’ 199III On the relationship of ‘family’ and ‘community’ 203

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further aspects of established–outsider relations:the maycomb model

Norbert Elias (1990) 207

Textual variants 232Bibliography 236Index 245

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norbert elias

What is Sociology?Translated by Grace Morrissey, Stephen Mennell

and Edmund Jephcott

With a Foreword by Reinhard Bendix

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 5Edited by Artur Bogner, Katie Liston and Stephen Mennell


What 00_The Court Society 25/05/2012 14:55 Page iii

First published in German by Juventa Verlag, 1970© Norbert Elias, 1970Chapters 7 and 8 first published in German by Suhrkamp, 2006© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2006

First English edition published by Hutchinson, London, and Columbia University Press, New York, 1978© Norbert Elias, 1978This revised edition published 2012 by University College Dublin Pressas volume 5 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2012

isbn 978-1-906359-05-8

University College Dublin PressNewman House, 86 St Stephen’s Green Dublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie



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What 00_The Court Society 25/05/2012 14:55 Page iv

contents

Norbert Elias (1897–1990) viiNote on the text xi

what is sociology?

Foreword by Reinhard Bendix (1978) 3Author’s acknowledgements 5Translator’s acknowledgements 6

Introduction 71 Sociology: the questions framed by Comte 28

From a philosophical to a sociological theory of knowledge 33From non-scientific to scientific knowledge 33The scientific investigation of the sciences 36Sociology as a relatively autonomous science 41The problem of scientific specialisation 43

2 The sociologist as a hunter of myths 463 Game models 66

Primal contest: model of interweaving processes without norms 71Game models: models of interweaving processes with norms 76Commentary 87Excursus: an index of the complexity of societies 95

4 Universals of human society 99Humankind’s natural changeability as a social constant 99The need for new means of speaking and thinking 106A critique of sociological ‘categories’ 108The personal pronouns as a figurational model 117The concept of figuration 123

What 00_The Court Society 25/05/2012 14:55 Page v

5 Human interdependences: problems of social bonds 129Affective bonds 129Political and economic bonds 133The development of the concept of development 140Social ideals and social science 147

6 The problem of the ‘inevitability’ of social development 153Theory of social development 162

chapters previously unpublished in english7 Karl Marx as sociologist and political ideologist 1738 The sociogenesis of the concept of ‘society’ as the subject

matter of sociology 201

appendicesI Human ‘instincts’: the views of Konrad Lorenz and Arnold Gehlen 217II On Benjamin Lee Whorf’s linguistic theory and Claude

Lévi-Strauss’s structuralism 219III Fiscal inequality under the ancien régime 221


What 00_The Court Society 25/05/2012 14:55 Page vi

The Loneliness of the Dying and Humana Conditio Observations on the Development of Humanity on the Fortieth Anniversary of the End of a War (8 May 1985)

norbert elias

Translated by Edmund Jephcott


Edited by Alan and Brigitte Scott


Elias double title.indd 3Elias double title.indd 3 29/1/10 16:24:5529/1/10 16:24:55

Über die Einsamkeit der Sterbenden in unseren Tagenfirst published in German in the journal werkundzeit, 1979,and by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt/Main, 1982© Norbert Elias 1979, 1982

First English edition published by Blackwell, Oxford, 1985

Humana Conditio first published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt/Main, 1985© Norbert Elias 1985

This edition published 2010by University College Dublin Pressas volume 6 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2010

ISBN 978-1-906359-06-5

University College Dublin PressNewman House, 86 St Stephen’s GreenDublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,without the prior permission of the publisher


Typeset in Baskerville by Elaine Burberry and Ryan ShielsDesigned by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham

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Norbert Elias, 1897–1990 vii Note on the text xi

the loneliness of the dying

1 The loneliness of the dying in our time 3

2 Postscript: Ageing and dying: some sociological problems 53

Appendix I Andrew Marvell, ‘To his coy mistress’ 71

Appendix II On immortality fantasies 73

humana conditio

Humana conditio: observations on the development of humanity on the fortieth anniversary of the end of a war (8 May 1985) 77

Textual variants 171 Bibliography 175 Index 179

contents

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norbert elias and eric dunning

Quest for ExcitementSport and Leisure in the Civilising Process

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 7Edited by Eric Dunning


Quest 00:The Court Society 30/07/2008 09:24 Page iii

First published by Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1986by Basil Blackwell, Oxford © Norbert Elias, 1986

This revised edition published 2008by University College Dublin Pressas volume 7 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2008

ISBN 978-1-904558-43-9University College Dublin PressNewman House, 86 St Stephen’s Green Dublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie



Typeset in Bantry, Ireland in Baskerville by Elaine BurberryDesigned by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

Quest 00:The Court Society 30/07/2008 09:24 Page iv

contents

Norbert Elias, 1897–1990 viiNote on the text ix

quest for excitement

1 Introduction 3Norbert Elias

2 The quest for excitement in leisure 44Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning

3 Leisure in the sparetime spectrum 73Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning

4 The genesis of sport as a sociological problem, part 1 107Norbert Elias

5 The genesis of sport as a sociological problem, part 2 134Norbert Elias

6 An essay on sport and violence 150Norbert Elias

7 Folk football in medieval and early modern Britain 174Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning

8 Dynamics of sport groups with special reference to football 189Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning

9 The dynamics of modern sport: notes on achievement-striving and the social significance of sport 203Eric Dunning

10 Social bonding and violence in sport 222Eric Dunning

11 Sport as a male preserve: notes on the social sources of masculine identity and its transformations 242Eric Dunning

12 Football hooliganism as an emergent global idiom 260Eric Dunning

Quest 00:The Court Society 30/07/2008 09:24 Page v

Appendix INemesis and catharsis 291Appendix IIOn the Oedipus legend 293


Quest 00:The Court Society 30/07/2008 09:24 Page vi

norbert elias

Involvement and Detachment

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 8Edited by Stephen Quilley


Inv & Det 00 16/01/2007 15:58 Page iii

First English edition published 1987by Basil Blackwell, Oxford © Norbert Elias, 1987

First published in German under the title Engagement und Distanzierungby Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt/Main, 1983, translated from the English and edited by Michael Schröter© Norbert Elias, 1983

Enlarged and revised German edition published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt/Main as volume 8 of the Norbert Elias Gesammelte Schriften, 2003© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2003

This revised complete English edition published 2007by University College Dublin Pressas volume 8 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2003, 2007

isbn 978-1-904558-42-2University College Dublin PressNewman House, 86 St Stephen’s GreenDublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie



Typeset in France in Baskerville by Elaine BurberryDesigned by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

Inv & Det 00 16/01/2007 15:58 Page iv

contents

List of plates vi


Note on the text xi

involvement and detachment

1 Introduction 3

2 Problems of involvement and detachment 68

3 The fishermen in the maelstrom 105

4 Reflections on the great evolution: two fragments 179

Textual variants 234

Bibliography 239

Index 243

Inv & Det 00 16/01/2007 15:58 Page v

norbert elias

An Essay on Time

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 9Edited by Steven Loyal and Stephen Mennell


EOT 0 prelims 15/01/2007 16:01 Page iii

First English edition published under the title Time: an Essayby Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1992© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 1992

First published in German under the title Über die Zeit by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt/Main, 1984, translated from the English by Holger Fliessbach and Michael Schröter and edited by Michael Schröter© Norbert Elias, 1984

Revised German edition published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt/Main as volume 9 of the Norbert Elias Gesammelte Schriften, 2004© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2004

This revised complete English edition published 2007by University College Dublin Pressas volume 9 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2004, 2007

ISBN 978-1-904558-41-5University College Dublin PressNewman House, 86 St Stephen’s Green Dublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher


Typeset in France in Baskerville by Elaine BurberryDesigned by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

EOT 0 prelims 15/01/2007 16:01 Page iv

contents


Note on the text xi

an essay on time

Preface 3

An Essay on Time 31

Textual variants 163

Bibliography 165

Index 167

EOT 0 prelims 15/01/2007 16:01 Page v

norbert elias

The Society ofIndividuals

Translated by Edmund JephcottGerman text edited by Michael Schröter

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 10Edited by Robert van Krieken


Individuals 00:The Court Society 4/11/10 16:50 Page iii

Die Gesellschaft der Individuenedited by Michael Schröteroriginally published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1987© Norbert Elias, 1987

Revised German edition published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Mainas volume 10 of the Norbert Elias Gesammelte Schriften, 2001© Norbert Elias Foundation, 2001

English translation, The Society of Individualspublished by Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1991Reprinted by Continuum, New York, 2001

This volume published 2010by University College Dublin Pressas volume 10 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 1991, 2010

ISBN 978-1-906359-07-2


All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,without the prior permission of the publisher


Typeset in Baskerville by Ryan ShielsDesigned by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham

Individuals 00:The Court Society 4/11/10 16:50 Page iv

contents


THE SOCIETY OF INDIVIDUALSPreface 3

part i the society of individuals (1939) 7

part ii problems of self-consciousness and thehuman self-image (1940s–1950s) 63

1 Wishful and fearful self-images of human beings as individualsand of society 65

2 The thinking statues 853 Individualisation in the social process 110

part iii changes in the we–i balance (1987) 137

Appendix IRainer Maria Rilke, ‘The Book of Pilgrimage’ 209Appendix IITwo poems by Goethe 211Appendix IIIPower struggles and the concepts of ‘state’ and ‘society’ 213Appendix IVMigration and the conflict of generations 215


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norbert elias

Studies on theGermansPower struggles and the development ofhabitus in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

German original edited by Michael Schröter

Translated by Eric Dunning and Stephen Mennell

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 11Edited by Stephen Mennell and Eric Dunning


Studies on the Germans 00_The Court Society 15/05/2013 15:28 Page iii

Studien über die Deutschen, edited by Michael Schröter,first published in German by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1989© Norbert Elias, 1989

Revised German edition published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main,as volume 11 of the Norbert Elias Gesammelte Schriften, 2005© Norbert Elias Foundation, 2005

English translation, The Germans, published by Polity Press, Cambridge, 1996

This revised edition, Studies on the Germans, published 2013as volume 11 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 1996, 2013

isbn 978-1-906359-08-9





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contents


studies on the germans

Introduction 31 Civilisation and informalisation: changes in European

standards of behaviour in the twentieth century 262 Honour, duelling and membership of the imperial ruling class:

being judged worthy to give satisfaction 493 A digression on nationalism 135

‘Cultural history’ and ‘political history’ 135From humanist to nationalist middle-class elites 147The duality of normative codes within the nation state 169

4 Civilisation and violence: on the state’s monopoly of physical force and its breaking 186

5 The breakdown of civilisation 2236 Terrorism in the Federal Republic of Germany: expression

of a conflict between generations 331

The need for meaning and the power struggle between thegenerations 331

Pre-war and post-war generations: differences of experience, ideals and morality 356

Problems of the extended youth of middle-class groups 373Terrorism, national pride and national civilising patterns 384

7 Thoughts on the Federal Republic 408

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appendicesI The German aristocratic code and ‘proof by ancestry’ 441II On the interpretation of Mozart’s scatological remarks 443III Why I began to study the problem of ‘civilisation’ 445IV On the relative independence of the high nobility from the

imperial court 447V Sieyès, the Third Estate, and changing feelings of identity 449VI Machiavelli’s policy prescriptions 451VII Nationalism and middle-class morality in Victorian Britain 453VIII Conflicts trigger aggression 456IX On the ethos of the Wilhelmine bourgeoisie 458X Pro-war literature during the Weimar Republic (Ernst Jünger) 461XI On the character of conflicts in the early Weimar Republic 469XII Conditions for the attainment of the domestic and foreign goals

of the old elite 471XIII The decay of the state monopoly of force in the Weimar Republic 473XIV The stab in the back 485XV Lucifer upon the ruins of the world 487XVI The meaning of the word Reich – excerpt from the Fischer-Lexikon 492XVII An empire dies 494XVIII The awareness of powerlessness – note added in 1984 496XIX Marxism and terrorism: a terrorist’s explanation 498XX George Orwell, ‘England Your England’ 500

Textual Variants 502Bibliography 507Index 515

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norbert elias

Mozart and Other Essays on Courtly Art

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 12Edited by Eric Baker and Stephen Mennell


Mozart 00:The Court Society 11/5/10 15:00 Page iii

Mozart: Zur Soziologie eines Geniesedited by Michael Schröter published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1991© Norbert Elias Foundation, 1991

Revised German edition published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Mainas volume 12 of the Norbert Elias Gesammelte Schriften, 2005© Norbert Elias Foundation, 2005

English translation, Mozart: Portrait of a Geniuspublished by Polity Press, Cambridge, 1993© Norbert Elias Foundation, 1993

‘Der Schicksal der deutschen Barocklyrik: Zwischen höfischer und bürgerlicher Tradition’ firstpublished in Merkur, 1987© Norbert Elias, 1987Reprinted in Aufsätze und andere Schriften III, volume 16 of theNorbert Elias Gesammelte Schriften, published by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2006© Norbert Elias Foundation, 2006

Watteaus Pilgerfahrt zur Insel der Liebepublished by Bibliothek der Provinz, Munich, 1998© Norbert Elias Foundation, 1998

This volume published 2010by University College Dublin Pressas volume 12 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2010

isbn 978-1-906359-09-6University College Dublin PressNewman House, 86 St Stephen’s Green Dublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie



Typeset in Northumberland in Baskerville by Elaine BurberryDesigned by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham

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contents


the fate of german baroque poetry 1

watteau’s pilgrimage to the island of love 29

MOZART: THE SOCIOLOGY OF A GENIUS

Abbreviations 561 He simply gave up and let go 572 Bourgeois musicians in court society 633 Mozart becomes a freelance artist 784 Craftsmen’s art and artists’ art 905 The artist in the human being 976 The formative years of a genius 1097 Between two social worlds 1278 Mozart’s revolt: from Salzburg to Vienna 1479 Emancipation completed: Mozart’s marriage 164

Appendix I

The drama of Mozart’s life: a chronology in note form 168Appendix II

Two notes 173


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norbert elias

The Symbol Theory

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 13Edited by Richard Kilminster


Symbol 0_The Court Society 03/08/2011 15:13 Page iii

First published in three parts, edited and with an introduction by Richard Kilminster, in Theory, Culture and Society, 1989First published as a book under the title The Symbol Theory, 1991by Sage, London© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 1989, 1991

This revised English edition published 2011by University College Dublin Pressas volume 13 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2011

isbn 978-1-906359-10-2University College Dublin PressNewman House, 86 St Stephen’s Green Dublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie




Symbol 0_The Court Society 03/08/2011 15:13 Page iv

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the symbol theory

Introduction 31 Towards a comprehensive understanding of human beings:

reconfiguring sociology, evolutionary biology and philosophy 322 Languages as learned sound patterns and symbols as the

‘fifth dimension’ 533 ‘Symbol emancipation’ as an evolutionary breakthrough 674 The high survival value of communication by learned sound-symbols 735 To speak, to think, to know: the sociogenesis and psychogenesis of

reality-congruent symbols 856 Human society as a level of nature: beyond idealism and materialism 1057 From ‘truth’ to reality congruence: beyond traditional philosophical

theories of knowledge 1348 Concept formation in the ‘five-dimensional’ human world: beyond

abstraction explanations 1499 The distant past and the long future: reality-congruent knowledge

and human survival 155


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norbert elias

Essays IOn the Sociology of Knowledge and the Sciences

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 14Edited by Richard Kilminster and Stephen Mennell


Essays I 00:Essays I 20/08/2009 17:20 Page iii

First published 2009by University College Dublin Pressas volume 14 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias © Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2009

ISBN 978-1-906359-01-0

University College Dublin PressNewman House, 86 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Irelandwww.ucdpress.ie



Typeset in Baskerville by Elaine Burberry and Ryan ShielsDesigned by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby Antony Rowe, Chippenham

Essays I 00:Essays I 24/08/2009 17:37 Page iv

contents


essays i: on the sociology of knowledge and the

sciences

1 Sociology of knowledge: new perspectives 1

2 Dynamics of consciousness within that of societies 42

3 On nature 53

4 The sciences: towards a theory 66

5 Theory of science and history of science: comments on a

recent discussion 85

6 Introduction to ‘Scientific Establishments and Hierarchies’ 102norbert elias and richard whitley

7 Scientific establishments 107

8 On the creed of a nominalist: observations on Popper’s

‘The Logic of Scientific Discovery’ 161

9 Science or sciences? Contribution to a debate with

reality-blind philosophers 191

10 Thomas More’s critique of the state: with some thoughts

on a definition of the concept of utopia 212

11 Thomas More and ‘Utopia’ 258

12 What is the role of scientific and literary utopias for the future? 269

Appendix INote on Kant’s solipsistic doubt 288

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Appendix IITwo extended notes to ‘On the creed of a nominalist’ 290Appendix IIIThe great evolution: note to ‘Science or sciences?’ 293


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norbert elias

Essays IIOn Civilising Processes, State Formation and National Identity



Essays II 0 prelims:The Court Society 25/10/2008 17:43 Page iii

First published 2008by University College Dublin Pressas volume 15 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2008

ISBN 978-1-906359-02-7




Typeset in Ireland in Baskerville by Elaine BurberryDesigned by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

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contents


1 Civilisation 32 What I mean by civilisation: reply to Hans Peter Duerr 83 The civilising of parents 144 L’espace privé: ‘private space’ or ‘private room’? 415 The structure of development of standards of behaviour 526 Technisation and civilisation 577 Power and civilisation 938 Processes of state formation and nation building 1059 Towards a theory of communities 11910 Afterword to Meike Behrmann and Carmine Abate, ‘Die Germanesi’ 15511 Inquest on German Jewry 16112 The charismatic ruler 16413 Gentlemen and tarpaulins 17014 Drake and Doughty: a paradigmatic case study 19615 Public opinion in Britain 21516 National peculiarities of British public opinion 23017 Fear of death 25618 Has hope a future? 267


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norbert elias

Essays IIIOn Sociology and the Humanities



Essays III 00:The Court Society 04/03/2009 14:24 Page iii

First published 2009by University College Dublin Pressas volume 16 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias © Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2009

ISBN 978-1-906359-03-4




Typeset in Bantry, Ireland in Baskerville by Elaine BurberryDesigned by Lyn DaviesPrinted in England on acid-free paperby MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

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contents


essays iii: on sociology and the humanities

1 Figuration 1

2 Social processes 4

3 Towards a theory of social processes 9

4 Social process models on multiple levels 40

5 On the sociogenesis of sociology 43

6 The break with traditionalism: report on the discussion 70

7 Group charisma and group disgrace 73

8 Address on Adorno: respect and critique 82

9 Sociology in danger: the case for the reorientation of a discipline 93

10 A diagnosis of present-day sociology 99

11 The retreat of sociologists into the present 107

12 The concept of everyday life 127

13 The story of the shoelaces: a sociologist on his travels 135

14 Social anxieties 138

15 On human beings and their emotions: a process-sociological essay 141

16 Sociology and psychiatry 159

17 Civilisation and psychosomatics 180

18 Foreword to ‘The Sociology of Sport’ 187

19 Football in the process of civilisation 190

20 Pigeon racing 198

21 African art 201

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22 Stages of African art, social and visual 209

23 Some remarks on the problem of work 233

24 Professions 238

25 The changing balance of power between the sexes – a process-sociological study: the example of the ancient Roman state 240

26 ‘Where two come together in lawful matrimony …’ 266

27 Foreword to ‘Women Torn Two Ways’ 270

28 Renate Rubinstein 276

Appendix IOn the division of social functions 278Appendix IIMax Weber, involvement, detachment and charismatic leadership 280Appendix IIIExtended notes to ‘Stages of African art: social and visual’ 282Appendix IVLetter to ‘The Listener’, 6 November 1958 287Appendix VList of minor publications by Norbert Elias 289


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norbert elias

Interviews andAutobiographicalReflections

Translations from German by Edmund Jephcott

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 17Edited by Edmund Jephcott, Richard Kilminster,

Katie Liston and Stephen Mennell


Interviews 00_The Court Society 26/09/2013 14:42 Page iii

First published 2013 by University College Dublin Pressas volume 17 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2013

isbn 978-1-906359-11-9





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contents

Norbert Elias (1897–1990) vii

Note on the text xi

an autobiographical essay

1 Notes on a lifetime 3norbert elias

interviews

2 Norbert Elias’s story of his life (1984) 71interview with arend-jan heerma van voss and bram van stolk

3 ‘Sociology . . . done in the right way’ (1984–5) 141interview with johan heilbron

4 An interview in Amsterdam (1969) 160interview with johan goudsblom

5 ‘On the Process of Civilisation’ revisited (1974) 172interview with stanislas fontaine

6 Sociology as the history of manners (1978) 183interview with heiko ernst

7 ‘I use historical studies to clarify certain universal human problems’ (1981) 195interview with didier eribon

8 Knowledge and power (1984) 202interview with peter ludes

9 The Janus face of states (1982) 247interview with peter ludes, franklin adler and paul piccone

10 ‘We are the late barbarians’ (1988) 259interview with nikolaus von festenberg and marion schreiber

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11 ‘We need more empathy for the human difficulties of the process of civilisation’ (1989) 266interview with ulfried geuter

12 ‘Perhaps I have had something to say that will have a future’ (1989) 274interview with wolfgang engler

13 A ‘Jewish Portrait’ (1989) 291interview with herlinde koelbl

appendices

I Selected Poems 297

II On re-reading my doctoral dissertation 301

III Editorial note on Erich Kallius and the Gumbel Case 304

IV List of interviews and conversations with Norbert Elias 306

Bibliography 313

Index 322

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norbert elias

SupplementsTwo unpublished essays by Elias

and

Index to the CollectedWorks

The Collected Works of Norbert Elias volume 18Essays edited by Stephen Mennell, Marc Joly and Katie Liston

Index compiled by Stephen Mennell and Barbara Mennell


Supplement 00.qxp_The Court Society 04/04/2014 16:36 Page iii

First published 2014 by University College Dublin Pressas volume 18 of the Collected Works of Norbert Elias© Norbert Elias Foundation, Amsterdam, 2014

ISBN 978-1-906359-12-6





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contents


The Collected Works: Note on editorial policy ixstephen mennell

supplements: two unpublished essays by elias

Introduction: Elias, Freud and Lévy-Bruhl 1stephen mennell and katie liston

1 Freud’s concept of society and beyond it 13edited by marc joly

2 Lucien Lévy-Bruhl and ‘the question of the logical unity of humankind’ 53edited by katie liston and stephen mennell

Bibliography 137

consolidated index to the collected works 141compiled by stephen mennell and barbara mennell

Supplement 00.qxp_The Court Society 04/04/2014 16:36 Page v

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