PTCL Internship Report 3

8/10/2019 PTCL Internship Report 3

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Internship Report

OMC

(Operation and Maintenance ZTE HYD)


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Group Members:

NAMES DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY

Syed Saad Mehdi Second year, Electrical

Engineering, MUET, Jamshoro

Zeeshan Hyder Final year, Telecom, Sindh

University

Habibullah Dars Final year, Telecom, Sindh

University

Najaf Ali Shah Final year, Telecom, Sindh

University

Irshad Hussain Tunio Final Year, IT, Sindh

Agricultural University,Tandojam

Syed Tariq Shah Final Year, IT, Sindh

Agricultural University,

Tandojam

Submitted to: Madam Farheen Kamal

Submitted on: 17/7/12


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Table of Content

1. Overview of organization...1

1.1 Introduction to the company.1

1.2 History.1

1.3 Mission.2

2. Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC) ZTE..4

2.1 Digital main Switching Unit..4

2.2 Types of cards on DMSU...42.3 Remote Main Switching Unit ......5

2.4 Connection of ZTE MSU with RMSUs of Hyderabad........7

2.5 Connectivity of OMC (ZTE) with other Exchanges...8

3. About ZTE..........9

3.1 Working on ZTE software...10

3.2 Levels of alarms...10

3.3 Connection of exchange with each other...11

4. Integrated Services Digital Network......13

4.1 Basic Rate ISDN (BRI) .......13

4.2 Primary Rate ISDN (PRI)...14

5. Conclusion17

1. Overview of organization:


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1.1 Introduction to the Company:

(Pakistan Telecommunication Limited) shortly PTCL is one of the largest

telecommunication organization in the Pakistan with its network all over the

country. The Company consists of around 2000 telephone exchanges across

country providing largest fixed line network.

Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) is the

Pakistan's most reliable and largest converged services carrier, which provides

all telecommunications services from basic voice telephony to data, internet,

video-conferencing and carrier services to consumers..

Its collaboration with the two mega telecommunication sectors of the world

namely Hauwei and ZTE has blessed it with the latest technology. Moreover it

has also links with the AlcaTel, a French Company.

1.2 History

Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) has established in

December 1990 , t ak i ng ove r t he ope ra t i ons and func t i ons o fPakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan

Telecommunication Corporation Act 1991.

Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) took over operations and

functions from Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan

Telecommunication Corporation Act 1991.

This coincided with the Government's competitive policy, encouraging private

sector participation and resulting in award of licenses for cellular, card-operated

pay-phones, paging and, lately, data communication services.

Pursuing a progressive policy, the Government in 1991, announced its plans

to privatize PTCL, and in 1994 issued six million vouchers exchangeable into

600 million shares of the would-be PTCL in two separate placements.


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In 1995, Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Ordinance formed

the basis for PTCL monopoly over basic telephony in the country.

The provisions of the Ordinance were lent permanence in October 1996through Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Act. The same year,

Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited was formed and listed on all

stock exchanges of Pakistan

PTCL launched its mobile and data services subsidiaries in 2001 by the

name of Ufone and PakNet respectively. None of the brands made it to the top

slots in the respective competitions. Lately, however, Ufone had increased its

market share in the cellular sector. Recent DSL services were launched whichproved to be the basic building block for the future of this telecommunication

sector.

1.3 Mission

To be the leading Information and Communication Technology Service

Provider in the region by achieving customer satisfaction and maximizing

shareholders' value'.

The future is unfolding around us. In times to come, we will be the link that

allows global communication. We are striving towards mobilizing the world for

the future.

By becoming partners in innovation, PTCL as ready to shape a future that

offers telecom services that bring us closer.

PTCL (Pakistan telecommunication limitted) is all set to redefine to

established boundaries of the telecommunication market and is shifting the

productivity frontier to new heights. Today, for million of people, we demand

instant access to new products and ideas. More importantly, we want them for


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their better living standards with increased values in their ever shrinking globe

of ours.


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2. Operation and maintenance Center (OMC) ZTE:

It is one of the Operation Departments, which deals with the operations and

maintenance of the Main Switching Unit MSU.

Not only this but it also controls the maintenance and connectivity of RSUs

connected with this MSU placed in this department of PTCL. There are

computer placed which controls and maintains the faulty situations through a

ZTE softwarewhich shows the actual interface of the RACK of MSU.

A rectifier is placed along with the RACK that steps down 220 volts to 52

volts and converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current)

2.1 Digital Main Switching Unit:

The Digital Main Switching Unit (DMSU) deals with calls that have been

routed by DLEs or another DMSU or RSU and is a 'trunk switch', i.e. it is not

connected to any concentrators.

As with DLEs, DMSUs are made up of a Digital Switching Subsystem and aProcessor Utility Subsystem, amongst other things. In the British PSTN

network, each DMSU is connected to every other DMSU in the country,

enabling almost congestion-proof connectivity for calls through the network.

2.2 Types of Cards installed on the MSU:

MP Card: also called main processing card , it is the main controller that

looks after the charging , cooling and database dealing.

STP Card:it is used mainly for signaling purpose.

STCR Card: it is used for the purpose of synchronization of data.

ASIG Card:it used for the announcement tones.


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MTT: it is used to check the condition of current.

DTI: it provides the RMSUs and other MSUs with the trunks, so that itcan

be connected to ZTE exchange.

POWER Card: it supplies the power to other cards installed within the

MSU (main switching unit.

ASIG: it is a subscriber lan card and can hold maximum 24 subscribers.

2.3 Remote Main Switching Unit:

The RSU has the same functions and capacity as thesingle-processor system,

but the RSU usually works with a host office.

Maximum capacity:

32,000 lines,

Total volume of traffic carried: 4,800 erlangs or 144,000 BHCA,

Suitability: suburban and rural areas with low traffic demand,

The RSU isvery cost-effective in terms of maintenance because the host office

connected to it can, and usually does, maintain it remotely. If a failure occurs in

the host office, the RSU has its own functions for call processing and

maintenance to ensure continued service.

the diagram on the next page shows the actual construction of an RMSU

(remote main switching unit)
http://www.nec.pt/rsu_e.htmhttp://www.nec.pt/rsu_e.htmhttp://www.nec.pt/rsu_e.htmhttp://www.nec.pt/rsu_e.htm


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Figure 1: An RMSU (remote main switching unit)


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2.4 Connection Of ZTE MSU with RMSUs of Hyderabad:

The following diagram shows the connectivity of Central ZTE MSU with

RMSUs of Hyderabad. There are active as well as inactive RMSUs but below

are the active ones only.

Figure 2: connection of ZTE MSU with RMSUs


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2.1 Connectivity of OMC (ZTE) with other Exchanges:

Figure 3: connection of OMC with Exchanges


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3. About ZTE (Zhongxing Telecommunication

Equipment Corporation):

It is a Chinesemultinational telecommunications equipment and systems

company headquartered inShenzhen,China. It is the world's fifth-largest

telecoms equipment manufacturer in world measured by 2011 revenues

(afterEricsson, Huawei,Alcatel-Lucent andNokia Siemens Networks)and the

world's fourth-largestmobile phone manufacturer measured by 2011 unit sales.

ZTE's core products arewireless,exchange,access,optical transmission and

data telecommunications gear; mobile phones; and telecommunications

software.]It also offers products that provide value-added services, such asvideo

on demand andstreaming media. ZTE primarily sells products under its own

name but it is also anOEM,manufacturing some products, which retail under

other brand names.

In 2009, the company had become the worldwide third-largest vendor of

GSM telecom equipment.

Customers:

A good number of ZTE's customers are outside of China. While the majority

are developing country mobile network operators, ZTE products also see use in

developed countries as well. The UK's Vodafone, Canadian Telus and PublicMobile, as well as France Telecom have all purchased equipment from ZTE.

Many Chinese companies are also ZTE customers, including China Netcom,

China Mobile, China Satcom, China Telecom, and China Unicom.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_equipmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericssonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huaweihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatel-Lucenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_Siemens_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTE#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTE#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTE#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_Equipment_Manufacturerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_Equipment_Manufacturerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTE#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_Siemens_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatel-Lucenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huaweihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericssonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_equipmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporation


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3.1 Working on ZTE software:

The vendor has provides a software with the MSU to run the faults

clearance and other operations taking place in the Digital main switching unit

and remote main switching unit of ZTE

The software provides an easy interface to the operator of different cards located

in the MSU and RMSUs.

It also records the history of faults occurred and its clearance time.

It not just records the fault timings but also records the information of following

messages.

IAM : Initial answer message

ACM: Acknowledgement message

AWM: Answer message

RLE: release message

RLC: release complete message

3.2: LEVELS OF ALARM:

LEVEL 1, COLOR RED: it is also known as critical alarm,and its intensity is

very high, it occurs in the (main processing) MPCard, it has to be cleared at any

cost to keep the system functioning without any hindrance.

LEVEL 2, COLOR BLUE: it is also known as important alarm, it is lessintensive andit occurs in the media card, Powercard and SYSCKcard.

LEVEL 3, COLOR YELLOW: it is also known as major alarm, it is also less

intensive and it occurs in SPCard, SPICard and Powercard.


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LEVEL 4, COLOR WHITE: it is also known as minor alarm, it is not very

intensive as compared to other levels of alarms, it occurs in ASII Card, PSLC

Card and EnvironmentCard.

3.3 Connection of Exchanges with each other:

Number of subscribers is connected through MDF and indirectly to the

switch, exchange, or MSU (main switching unit) which forwards the call to its

actual destination. It depends upon the calling party to which destination it has to

call whether it comes into the same exchange or to another exchange (Transit or

Gateway).

When the calling party has to call to the subscriber that is also inter

connected to the same exchange then the switch passes on the call to the MDF

(main distribution frame) of that area. Otherwise, if it appears to be the place

connected to another switch or MSU then it has to go through a different process

including the terms of E-1s, CIC and STPs.

In the MSU different types cards are installed for different functionality. For

example, DTI cards are inserted for communication and AMIG for media. Each

DTI (digital trunk interface) has four ports. Normally three E-1 are connected.

Each E-1 contains a number of 32 circuits. So the three E-1 altogether make 93

circuits excluding the three circuits which are on duty for maintenance purpose.

Each E-1 can carry thousands of calls to another exchange but to reduce the

traffic on one E-1 there is a system in which the traffic goes to other E-1

depending how much traffic it could upheld.

There is also the incoming traffic due to which the calls can collide and get

disturbed. To overcome this catastrophe there is a hardware installed which

makes Odd and Even E-1 on the route and so that no collision occurs.


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The diagram on the next page shows the connectivity of exchanges to

exchanges in PTCL Central Exchange.

Figure 2: connection of Exchange to exchange


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4. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN):

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communications

standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other

network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone

network.It was first defined in 1988 in theCCITT red book. Prior to ISDN, the

telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special

services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech

and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in theclassic

telephone system.

There are several kinds of access interfaces to ISDN defined as Basic Rate

Interface (BRI),Primary Rate Interface (PRI) andBroadband ISDN (B-ISDN).In

a videoconference, ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, and text

transmission between individual desktop videoconferencing systems and group

(room) videoconferencing systems.

Types of ISDN

There are two main types of ISDN:

4.1 Basic Rate ISDN (BRI):

BRI consists of 2 bearer (B) channels for transferring data which operate at

64 Kbps each. The other channel is known as the delta (D) channel and operates

at 16 Kbps. The D channel is used for link management purposes and signaling.

This is known as 2B+1D The interface specifies the following networkinterfaces:

The U interface is a two-wire interface between the exchange and a

network terminating unit, which is usually the demarcation point in non-

North American networks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_%28telecommunications%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCITThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Rate_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Rate_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_Rate_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_ISDNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarcation_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarcation_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconferencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_ISDNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_Rate_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Rate_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Rate_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCITThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_%28telecommunications%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital


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The T interface is a serial interface between a computing device and a

terminal adapter,which is the digital equivalent of a modem.

TheS interface is a four-wire bus that ISDN consumer devices plug into;the S & T reference points are commonly implemented as a single

interface labeled 'S/T' on anNetwork termination 1 (NT1).

The R interface defines the point between a non-ISDN device and a

terminal adapter (TA) which provides translation to and from such a

device.

BRI-ISDN is very popular in Europe but is much less common in North

America. It is also common in Japan - where it is known as INS64.

4.2 Primary Rate ISDN (PRI):

Staggered PRI definition. Background: PRI = Pulse Rate Interval. PRI is a term

used in Radio Frequency (RF) systems. Specifically, Pulse mode RF systems, as

opposed to continuous wave (CW) systems.

PRI depends on the country but a typical PRI is 23 bearer (B) channels at 64

Kbps for data and 1 D channel at 64 Kbps. This is known as 23B+1D.

Each B channel is a clear data path and with the use of multiple B channels

ISDN can provide more bandwidth than other services, e.g. certain leased

services. BRI gives a total usable bandwidth of 128 kbps whereas PRI gives a

bandwidth of 1.44 Mbps
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_termination_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_interfacehttp://www.sqa.org.uk/e-learning/NetTechDC03CD/page_17.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_termination_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_adapter


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BRI and PRI Channel Assignments

Figure:4shows the logical contents of a Cisco ISDN PRI interface used in a

standard T1 network configuration.

Figure 5: Logical Relationship of ISDN PRI Components for T1

Figure 4: Channel Assignment in different countries

Figure 5: Logical Relationship of ISDN PRI Components for T1
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/dial/configuration/guide/dia_isdn_pri_slt_ps10591_TSD_Products_Configuration_Guide_Chapter.html#wp1045766http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/dial/configuration/guide/dia_isdn_pri_slt_ps10591_TSD_Products_Configuration_Guide_Chapter.html#wp1045766


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Conclusion:

In this week of PTCL internship, we worked on the ZTE software and learnt

the different possibilities of fault occurrence and their possible detection and

clearance through fault detection levels visible on the Interface of ZTE software.

Moreover, the connection of ZTE MSU with the local, transit exchanges and

RMSUs amplified our knowledge.

We learnt the functionality of different cards present in the ZTE (MSU) main

switching Unit. In addition, we saw the RACK of the ZTE MSU and the rectifier

placed ahead of it which rectifies AC to DC and steps down the voltage to 56 toprovide required value of Voltage failure and that the vendor has provided it

with a UPS. Moreover, a brief introduction to NGN next generation network was

given.

Indeed, it was a good experience to work in the operation and maintenance

center of ZTE.

PTCL Internship Report 3

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