Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Essential Questions

What are the functions of the major cell structures?

Organelles

“Little organs” Specialized structures of the cell Each organelle has unique functions These organelles allow the cell to

function properly

Organelle Groups

Cell biologists divide organelles into three groups based on their location Nucleus: nucleolus, chromatin, nuclear

envelope Cytoplasm: mitochondria, vacuole,

Golgi apparatus, centrioles, lysosomes, ribosomes, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum

Surface: cell membrane, cell wall

Nucleus

1. Nucleus Control center of the

cell Contains nearly all

cell DNA 2. Nuclear Envelope

Surrounds the nucleus

Contains nuclear pores

Allows material to move into and out of the nucleus

Nucleus cont…

3. Chromatin Consists of DNA

bound to a protein Condenses to form

chromosomes 4. Nucleolus

Small, dense region Assembly of

ribosomes begin here

5. Cytoplasm

The portion of the cell outside the nucleus

Contains many organelles Gel-like substance that protects the

organelles Allows movement

Cytoplasmic Organelles

6. Ribosome Small particles of

RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm

Responsible for the assembly of proteins

Follows coded instructions from the nucleus

Numerous in cells active in protein synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Site where lipid

components, proteins and other materials are exported from the cell

7. Rough ER Involved in the

synthesis of proteins Ribosomes are found

on its surface 8. Smooth ER

Contains collections of enzymes

Synthesis of membrane lipids

Detoxification of drugs

9. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Bodies) Proteins in the rough

ER move next into the Golgi Apparatus

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage or secretion

Ships proteins to their final destination

10. Lysosomes Small organelles filled

with enzymes “clean up crew” Digestion, or

breakdown, of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins so the rest of the cell can use them

Removes dead organelles

11. Vacuoles Saclike structures that

stores materials Plant cells: the

vacuoles is a single, large central organelle filled with liquid

Allows for support of leaves and flowers

Help maintain homeostasis

Also found in some animal cells

12. Mitochondria Power house of the

cell Responsible for

providing the cell with energy

Converts stored energy in food into compounds that the cells can use

Contains its own DNA Some scientists

believe that mitochondria, at one point, may have been a prokaryotic cell

13. Chloroplasts Only found in plant

cells Capture energy form

sunlight and convert it into chemical energy

This process is called photosynthesis

Contains chlorophyll Gives plants its

color

14. Centrioles Come from structures

called microtubules Located near the

nucleus Help to organize cell

division Only in Animal Cells

15. Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that help the cell maintain its shape

Also aids in movement Flagellum Cilia

16. Cell membrane Cell membrane

regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Provides protection and support

17. Cell wall Main function is to

provide support and protection

Only in plant cells

TIME FOR A MINI QUIZ!!

Take out a piece of paper. Fold it in half length-wise (hot dog) Head one side “Animal Cell” and number

it 1-19 Label the other side “Plant Cell” and

number it 1-10 Label the organelles to their

corresponding numbers as you see them on each slide.

You may use your notes but NOT your books!

Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Mitochondria

Golgi Body

Vacuole

Lysosome

Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Rough ER

Chloroplasts

Ribosome

Mitochondria

Golgi Body

Vacuole

Cell Wall