Biology Week 14Biology Week 14 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Ch. 7.3 Ch. 7.3 pg 179pg 179

NucleusNucleus• The central The central organelleorganelle that that

managesmanages and and controlscontrols cellular cellular functionsfunctions

•Stores genes on chromosomes•Organize genes into chromosomes to allow cell division.•Transport products via nuclear pores•Produce messages (messenger Ribonucleic acid or mRNA) that code for proteins•Produce ribosomes in the nucleolus•Organize the uncoiling of DNA to replicate key genes

Plasma membrane Plasma membrane (aka Cell membrane)(aka Cell membrane)

• composed of a phospholipid composed of a phospholipid bi-layerbi-layer• a flexible boundary between the cell a flexible boundary between the cell

and its environmentand its environment• which allows nutrients to come into which allows nutrients to come into

the cell and wastes to leavethe cell and wastes to leave

Cell wallCell wall A A structure located structure located

on the on the outside the outside the plasma membraneplasma membrane, , provides provides supportsupport and and protection, fairly rigidprotection, fairly rigid

Does not select Does not select which molecules can which molecules can enter and exit enter and exit

chromatinchromatin

Strands of Strands of genetic materialgenetic material, , DNADNA, in , in the nucleusthe nucleus

Contains the master set of directions Contains the master set of directions for for making proteinsmaking proteins

nucleolusnucleolus

The big dark The big dark spot in the spot in the nucleusnucleus

Makes Makes ribosomesribosomes

ribosomeribosome They look like little They look like little dotsdots on the on the nucleus, ER nucleus, ER and in and in

thethe cytoplasm cytoplasm Where the cell Where the cell producesproduces proteins proteins They are They are notnot true organellestrue organelles

cytoplasmcytoplasm

The clear The clear gelatinous fluid in gelatinous fluid in the areathe area outside outside of the nucleusof the nucleus

All of the All of the organellesorganelles are are suspendedsuspended (float) (float) in itin it

endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum aka Transport tubesaka Transport tubes

The The site of site of cellular cellular chemical reactionschemical reactions

aka aka transport tubestransport tubes A series of highly A series of highly

folded folded membranesmembranes, , like an accordionlike an accordion

Sites where Sites where ribosomes are ribosomes are attached are called attached are called roughrough

Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus aka Golgi Bodiesaka Golgi Bodies

Sorts Sorts proteinsproteins and and packs them into packs them into vesiclesvesicles to be sent to be sent to appropriate to appropriate destinations (like destinations (like mail being sorted at mail being sorted at the post office)the post office)

vacuolevacuole

Bag-like storage Bag-like storage structurestructure

Used for temporary Used for temporary storagestorage of of food, food, enzymes, wasteenzymes, waste and and other materials other materials

Can take up to Can take up to 90%90% of the volume of a of the volume of a plant cellplant cell

Animal cell vacuoles Animal cell vacuoles are much are much smallersmaller

lysosomelysosome

Contain digestive Contain digestive enzymesenzymes to digest to digest excess or worn-out excess or worn-out organellesorganelles and and foodfood..

chloroplastchloroplast A A green organelle with its own green organelle with its own DNADNA that that

captures captures light energylight energy and converts it to and converts it to chemical chemical energyenergy ( (akaaka sugar) sugar) for a plants for a plants and some protistsand some protists

plastidplastid

A group of plant A group of plant organelles which are organelles which are used for used for storagestorage of of starches, lipids, and starches, lipids, and pigments pigments

chlorophyllchlorophyll

The The greengreen pigmentpigment that that traps light energy traps light energy and gives and gives leavesleaves and and stemsstems their their green green colorcolor

mitochondriamitochondria Membrane-bound Membrane-bound

organelles that organelles that produce produce ATPATP which the cell which the cell uses for uses for energyenergy

Has its own Has its own DNADNA

microtubulesmicrotubules

Thin, hollow Thin, hollow cylinders made of cylinders made of proteinprotein that that maintain the maintain the shapeshape of the cell, in the way of the cell, in the way the the skeletonskeleton is the is the framework for your framework for your body body

cytoskeletoncytoskeleton

A A framework of framework of microtubulesmicrotubules that maintains that maintains the the shapeshape of the of the cell, in the way cell, in the way the the skeletonskeleton is is the framework the framework for your for your bodybody

A network of tiny A network of tiny rodsrods and and filamentsfilaments

microfilamentmicrofilament Smaller than Smaller than

microtubulesmicrotubules, , solid solid protein fibers that act protein fibers that act to maintain the to maintain the shapeshape of the cellof the cell, like , like polespoles in a in a tenttent

They anchor They anchor organellesorganelles and provide and provide sort of highway system sort of highway system though which materials though which materials movemove within the within the cellcell

ciliacilia

Short, numerous Short, numerous projectionsprojections from from cellscells that that look like look like hairshairs. Their motion is similar to that . Their motion is similar to that of of oarsoars in a in a rowboatrowboat, They are used for , They are used for locomotionlocomotion in unicellular creatures in unicellular creatures

flagellaflagella Longer projections that move with a Longer projections that move with a whip-whip-

likelike motion, a cell usually only has one or motion, a cell usually only has one or two. Used for two. Used for locomotionlocomotion in unicellular in unicellular creaturescreatures

QuizQuiz

And now for the quiz…And now for the quiz…

11

The clear The clear gelatinous fluid in gelatinous fluid in the areathe area outside outside of the nucleusof the nucleus

All of the All of the organelles are organelles are suspended (float) suspended (float) in itin it

22

Thin, hollow Thin, hollow cylinders made of cylinders made of proteinprotein that that maintain the shape maintain the shape of the cell, in the way of the cell, in the way the skeleton is the the skeleton is the framework for your framework for your body body

33 Smaller than Smaller than

microtubules, microtubules, solid solid protein fibers that act protein fibers that act to maintain the shape to maintain the shape of the cellof the cell, like poles , like poles in a tent in a tent

They anchor They anchor organelles and provide organelles and provide sort of highway system sort of highway system though which materials though which materials move within the cellmove within the cell

44

Short, numerous projections that look like Short, numerous projections that look like hairsTheir motion is similar to that of oars in hairsTheir motion is similar to that of oars in a rowboat, Use for locomotion in unicellular a rowboat, Use for locomotion in unicellular creaturescreatures

55

The big dark The big dark spot in the spot in the nucleusnucleus

Makes Makes ribosomesribosomes

66 They look like little dots on nucleus, ER and in cytoplasmThey look like little dots on nucleus, ER and in cytoplasm Sites where the cell Sites where the cell produces proteinsproduces proteins They are not true organellesThey are not true organelles

77

A group of plant A group of plant organelles which are organelles which are used for storageused for storage, , such as starches, such as starches, lipids, pigments lipids, pigments

88

A A greengreen pigmentpigment that traps light that traps light energy and give energy and give leaves and stems leaves and stems their green colortheir green color

99 Membrane-bound Membrane-bound

organelles that organelles that transform energy for transform energy for the cell into bonds the cell into bonds of molecules called of molecules called ATPATP

Has its own DNA Has its own DNA

1010 A A structure located structure located

on the outside the on the outside the plasma membraneplasma membrane, , provides support and provides support and protection, fairly rigidprotection, fairly rigid

Does not select Does not select which molecules can which molecules can enter and exit enter and exit

1111

Thin, hollow Thin, hollow cylinders made of cylinders made of proteinprotein that that maintain the shape maintain the shape of the cell, in the way of the cell, in the way the skeleton is the the skeleton is the framework for your framework for your body body

1212 Smaller than Smaller than

microtubules, microtubules, solid solid protein fibers that act protein fibers that act to maintain the shape to maintain the shape of the cellof the cell, like poles , like poles in a tent in a tent

They anchor They anchor organelles and provide organelles and provide sort of highway system sort of highway system though which materials though which materials move within the cellmove within the cell

1313

Short, numerous projections that look like Short, numerous projections that look like hairsTheir motion is similar to that of oars in hairsTheir motion is similar to that of oars in a rowboat, Use for locomotion in unicellular a rowboat, Use for locomotion in unicellular creaturescreatures

1414

The big dark The big dark spot in the spot in the nucleusnucleus

Makes Makes ribosomesribosomes

1515 They look like little dots on nucleus, ER and in cytoplasmThey look like little dots on nucleus, ER and in cytoplasm Sites where the cell Sites where the cell produces proteinsproduces proteins They are not true organellesThey are not true organelles

1616

A group of plant A group of plant organelles which are organelles which are used for storageused for storage, , such as starches, such as starches, lipids, pigments lipids, pigments

1717

A A greengreen pigmentpigment that traps light that traps light energy and give energy and give leaves and stems leaves and stems their green colortheir green color

1818 Membrane-bound Membrane-bound

organelles that organelles that transform energy for transform energy for the cell into bonds the cell into bonds of molecules called of molecules called ATPATP

Has its own DNA Has its own DNA

1919

Strands of Strands of genetic materialgenetic material, DNA, in , DNA, in the nucleusthe nucleus

Contains the master set of directions Contains the master set of directions for making proteins for making proteins

2020

A A framework of framework of microtubulesmicrotubules that maintains that maintains the shape of the the shape of the cell, in the way cell, in the way the skeleton is the skeleton is the framework the framework for your bodyfor your body

A network of tiny A network of tiny rods and rods and filaments filaments

2121

The The site of cellular site of cellular chemical reactionschemical reactions, , aka transport tubesaka transport tubes

A series of highly A series of highly folded membranes folded membranes suspended in the suspended in the cytoplasm, like an cytoplasm, like an accordionaccordion

Sites where ribosomes Sites where ribosomes are attached are called are attached are called rough rough

2222

After proteins are made, After proteins are made, they are transferred to they are transferred to this organellethis organelle

A flattened stack of A flattened stack of tubular membranestubular membranes

Sorts proteins into Sorts proteins into packages and packs packages and packs them into membrane them into membrane pound structurespound structures called called vesicles to be sent to vesicles to be sent to appropriate destinations appropriate destinations (like mail being sorted at (like mail being sorted at the post office) the post office)

2323

Used for temporary Used for temporary storagestorage of food, of food, enzymes, waste and enzymes, waste and other materials other materials

Bag-like storage Bag-like storage structurestructure

Can take up to 90% Can take up to 90% of the volume of a of the volume of a plant cellplant cell

Animal cell vacuoles Animal cell vacuoles are much smallerare much smaller

2424

Contain digestive Contain digestive enzymesenzymes to digest to digest excess or worn-out excess or worn-out organelles, food, organelles, food, and engulfed and engulfed viruses and bacteriaviruses and bacteria

2525 A A green organelle green organelle that captures light that captures light

energy and converts it to chemical energy energy and converts it to chemical energy for a plants and some protistsfor a plants and some protists

Has its own DNA Has its own DNA

2626 Longer projections that move with a whip-Longer projections that move with a whip-

like motion, a cell usually only has one or like motion, a cell usually only has one or twoUsed for locomotion in unicellular twoUsed for locomotion in unicellular creaturescreatures

Thank youThank you