The Eukaryotic cell

Motivation

The Eukaryotic cellAll eukaryotic cells have similar structures in one way or another.Eukaryotes contain various structure that perform specific activities inside the cell.

The Eukaryotic cellStructures of eukaryotic cells can be grouped according to their functions:Covering and protectionManufacturing and distribution of proteinsStorage and breakdown of substanceEnergy processingStructural support, movement and cell-to-cell communication

Covering and protectionPlasma MembraneIt forms a flexible boundary between the cells content and its surrounding environment.Its main function is to control the passage of materials in and out of the cell.

Manufacture and distribution of proteinsNucleus (from the Latin word nuculeus which means kernel) is the most noticeable organelle in the cell.- contains most of the DNA.- the genetic material, when the cell is not dividing, is stored as Chromatin(a complex molecule form by DNA and protein).- DNA molecules consist of short sequence called Genes.

Manufacture and distribution of proteinsRibosomes are the proteins factories "of the cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum (from the Greek word endo which means within, plasma which means molded, andreticulum which means net)Two types of ER:Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(SER) does not contain ribosomeRough Endoplasmic Reticulum RER) contain Ribosome

Manufacture and distribution of proteinsGolgi Apparatus was named after Camillo Golgi who discovered its presence in 1898- it composed of smooth flattened membranous sacscalled cisternae.- sorts and ships, packaging station of the cell

Storage and breakdown of substanceLysosomes known as suicide bags

Functions:Breaking down the contents of a food vacuole.Breaking down a worn out cell organelle.Destroying cells as part of the normal development of an organism.Destroying engulfed foreign materials.

Storage and breakdown of substanceVacuoles commonly used for storing substance.

Kinds of vacuoles:Food vacuoleCentral vacuole large vacuole found in plant cells; acts as a vital storage for numerous substance.Contractile vacuole specialized vacuole used for expelling water accumulated inside the cell.Glyoxysome found in some seeds; used for breaking down stored fats, which provides energy for developing plant embryo.

Energy processingMitochondria are also called the energy power house of the cell.- they supply energy to the cell by undergoing cellular respiration.- contains DNA and ribosomesPlastids:Chloroplasts - contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.

Identifying the parts

activity