USSBS Report 68, The Air Transport Command in the War Against Japan

8/3/2019 USSBS Report 68, The Air Transport Command in the War Against Japan

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THE UNITED STATESSTRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY

THE AIR TRANS-PORTCOMMAND IN THE

WAR AGAINST JAPAN


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This repor t was wr it ten pr imari ly f or ~heusc ofthe ,S. tmtegic Bombing Survey in the pIepa-ration f fur ther repor ts of a mor comprehensivenatura. Any conc lusion or opinions express ed inthis report mu t be consi dered as limited t o thep e ci f ic m aL n r: in l covered a nd a s s ub je ct to fur therinterpretation in the ligh] of further studiesconductedby the Survey,

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FOREWORD']10 ni le d States tmbegic Bombing urvey

WIIS a L a bl .i l' lb ec l h y the Secretary of WOJ: o n 3November 1944, pursuant to a dimc(, iva f rom thelate President Roosevelt. Its mission was toconduct an impartinl and expert study of theeffects of our uerial attack Oil Germany, to be usedin counec ti eu with air attacks on Japan and toestablish OJ , basis r 01 ' 0 \ ' 1 l 1 u 11M Ug (JJ e impo , ( ; tHIoand potentialit iea of n, i , -power' a s an ins trument ofmiliLary shl'ntcgy. for planning til fuLUl" develop-ment of: the Unit ed Stales unnod Jorees, and fordetermining Iu~l!J'ee con om ic p oli ci es \\~ til respectto the national defense, A suuunary report endsome 200 support ing report s con taining the f ind-ings of Lbe survey in Gennnuy hllve been pub-lished.On 15Augus t 1945. Presi dent T rumn.n req uestedtbat the SW'l'CY conduct a similar study of thoeffects of all types of oil ' attack in the "'0.1' agllinstJapll iI l, submitt ing repor ts ill duplicate to theSecreoary ofWar and to the ecretary of the N I I V : r ,The off icers of the SIll"'OY dur ing its J!tpan050phase were:. F rl l1Jldi ll D 'Olier, Chai rman"Paul JI, Nitze, Henry C, Alexand r, Viue

Chuinnen.Harry L. Bowman,J. Kenneth Galbraith,Rensi s Lik rt ,Frll.Dk A. MCJ.~nmee, Jr.,Fred Searls, Jr.Monroe E, Spaght,D,' , Lewis R, 'Thomp 011,Theodore P. Wright, Directors.WaiteI' WiJds, Secretary.

Th s\.lI'vcy's complement provided Inr 300civilians, 350 offieers, and 500 enlisted 11100, 'I'hemilitnry segment of the orgllJl i'o.(, ion was drawnhom the Army to the extent of 60 percent, andfrom H w Navy to the ",~-wntof 40 peTColIl t" Doth

Lh Ar-my and the Navy gave the urvey al l pos-sible assistance in Iurnishing men, supplies, , T I m " "port , and iuforma tion . The sa rvay oper ated f romheadq uarter s es tabl ished in Tokyo early ill ep-1A'mher 1945, with subh adquarter in T a g ya,Osaka, Bi ro h ima, and NlIgas il i, and ", ;tb mobi letowns operating in other ports of Japan, thei slands of tbo Paci fi c. and the Asiat ic mainland.It was po siblo lo reeon trues much of wartimeJupanese military planning and execution, engage-ment by ~lgllgcmOl!1t,and campaign by campaign,und to secure reasonably aCCUJlI te statistics onJapan's economy and war production, plant byplant, lind industry by industry, In addition,

studies were conducted on Japan' over-all stra-t egic p11lJJ sand the background of her ent ry intothe war. the inter nal di scussions and negot int io! lSleading to her acceptance of uncondi tional sur-render, til "course of health and morale among' thecivil ian population, the eJl 'ecti' ;cncss of the Jupa-nese civil ian defense organization, and the effects- or the atomic bombs, Separn :to report s wil l bei ssued cove ring each phase of the study,The survey interroga ted mor e than iOO Japa-nese military, government, and indu trial off icials .Italso raeoverad and translated many documents

which not only have been use fu l to the survey, butalso will fU"wSb data valuable [01' other studi ,r rangemen ~ have been made to turn over the-survey' s fi le s to tho Centra l In tel ligence Group ,thr ough which they wil l be ava il ab le for flu, the"examinutiou and distribution,This report . was wr it ten primari ly for the use oLthe ' , loretegie B ombing urvey in tb pr pa-ration of fur ther repor ts of a more comprehensivenature" All}! conclusion or opinion expressed illthis report mu t b considered as limited to thespecific material covered aud as subject to fur therIn ter pr etat ion in the l igbt of Iu rthe r s tudies con-ducted by the survey.

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ARMY AND AIR DIVISION

THE AIR TRANSPORT COMMAND INTHEW AR AGAINST JAPAN

TilLE OF CONTENTS l'",geI, Operadonul background ~_~ ~________ 1II, Operations. i nthe Ohina-Burma-India theater ~__~_~_ '"IlL Operations in the Pacific ~ ~" : ~~_________ 7IV, Conclusions ""__________ 11V, Statistics __~ ' .______________ 12


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THE AIR TRANSPORT COMMAND IN THE WARAGAINST JAPAN

I, OPERATIONAL BACKGROUNDFormation and Initial OrganizationThe predecessor of the pr ent Ail' 'rr~nsport

Command was the Ferrying Command estab-lished 011 29 May 1941 with the assig~ent of. ly ing Ai l' Corps pl anes to vn rlou s d" .s~inl l. ti al 1s ,In January 1942, a repro a ll t,at i.ve of the commandwas sen t t o Hnmi lt on F ield, CIlUt " to process andbrief the w-st t rnns-Paoif ie fl)rt',Y movements O\'BI'the newly opened South 1'0 'iJi' ail' route (viaHawaii, 1111toO, hr istmns, Fiji, aml New Cnle-


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Limiliug FactorsMany faetora 11 ted to limit operations of th

Air Trunsport ommand, including violentehunges in weather, relatively inexperienced crows,congested mrpo rt s, inadeq U1.t~ communication[ncil it ie on cer tain routes, and fill ini tiul luck ofadequate earch lind rescue arrnngemen Is. Throughs tcndy nnd de te rmined e ffort , the .Air TransportCommand wa able to overcome to 8 large degreethe elTects of these limiting Iactors.

D U : r U 1 " " the early days of its "ove r the Hump"op ration, for xample , the India- hina vY ing ofthe,Air Trnnsp rt Command had Ii omparn tivelyhigh fatality andwashout rate. Every natural andoperationnl hazard known to flying ,as en-countered. on the Hump mute from hubua toKunming, Much of the route WIlS over enemyterritory, It lay ucross one of the highest moun-tain rauge in the world, Violl l1Ll; I lJId oftenunpredicta ble changes of weather were a perpetualhnza rd . PI anos and personne l wer e few; ai rpor tswere insufficient in. numbar ; and communicationswere initinlly completely inadequate,The job of r educ ing Ia tn li :t ie s and c rashes WIIII difficult one, but in th end, efforts of thecommand had gratifying results, New airports

were built and aircmft of "p eialized types wecoprocured from fa toties in the nit d tat ;b t te r approach-con tr ol p roced ures were workedout : improv d cc rmnunicac ious were ins tn ll ed , andsupply bot tl enecks were broken , A pi lot s' t ransi -t ional training chool was established tor "green"pi lots assigned t-o the Hump, together with a jungle

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surv i val s chool (o r fi ll c rew mom bel 's flying LheBump, Highly effiei nt search-res ue units wereorganlzed.Before t ,he end of , i lie war , M ,e Hump operuticnhad established an outstanding "dety record.There were only cne-s eveu teenth as many fatali-ties in Augu~t 1945 as in Jartlmry 1944, and onl yone-eleventh ILSJlll\lJy aircraft lost, pCI' 1,000 tonsdelivered over the Hump, InSeptember 1944, 1crew member lost his Iife (or ev I'y 253 t rips ove rtho Hump ; in AngllsL 1945,1, 9 Lrips were madefo r every L i fe10sL , In eptembsr 1944, 1 IL irm'artwas wr k d 01' every 639 trips: in August 194;5,the I'Ilt~o wa s 1f or e ve ry 2,078 t rips.Another example of the Ail' Transport Com-mand 's ab il ity to ove rcome l imiLing factor s WIleSfurnisbed il l connect ion witb the del ivery during1944 o:r mOI'C tbnu 80 C-54' s to tbe Pacif ic Divi-s ion of the command, TlLis eonaidnruble C:\'P81l-siou in the use of what was, I1t that time, a relit-ti vdy new au d uu ti'i ud plan, CILI lSrl the Paci fi cDivi ion untold dif ficulty, There WIl.!! a lack of asufficient volume of Spat'C parts to support large-scale 0-54 operations; and persennel was un-schooled in the muintenanee o r Lhaaircruft, whichstill WIIS developing ro chanienl defe ts. How-ever, the dif ficult ies gradually were overcome by"on ilie job" training, by ~hc use of niohiletrllining units, by expediting th transport by airof nll repuirable parts and by securing IIsmoothflow and adequate distribution of parts andaccessories when these became availabl involume,

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II. OPERATIONS IN THE CHINA-BDRMA-INDIA THEATERATC,Takes O"(lJ"China' Lifel ineKaraohi , the command 's fusL bas ill India (amiunt il Decembe r 194~, i t> ;on ly base in Ibe BI)r emained , essen ti al ly, a n int er -t he ate r c ont rolpoint t hrough mos t of 194~, . T ranspo rt servi ce s,trans-India and beyond, WN in ilio hand of theFirst Ferrying Group of lhe Tuuth Air Force.During 1942 Karachi handled no less than 223tona of cr i t ical material which l ind been Down inby con tr act c ar ri er fr m Ute United tates overthe South Atlantic-Oentrol Africau-Middlo Eastroute=-a D ot mconsiderable contribution eonsid-ering the time and place, Toward the close of1942 the 1 ,OOO-mi loai rl ine to Ind ia , which hadbeen operated under contr ac t by P an A m cri ea nAirways on th AT's behalf, was completelymilitnrised. On i December 194.2, he India-C I Un Il Wm g of the A T was activated, primarilyto tnk" over the movement of critical cargo a ndkey per sonn I ac ross the Hima layas I rom Assamto hina.The Ten th . A il ' F OI ce Group, which . operatedunder the theater commander, had been Lhe I iJ 'Stto ILttempt th Hump operat ion. In Novembe r1942, i ts In t a nd best mon th, the group ba d b p 8 J 1able to t ran spor t 19 .7 ton s o f maler iel t o Ohina .President Roosevelt.had reason to Ionr Lila; hina,

then hal d -press d and discouraged, would 1101. beable 1. 0 stay ill the war if HLI1l1ptoo II ages were 1101.sub st an ti al ly increased . The h ighe r e chelon s o fcommand decided that the Air TIansport Com-mand lIS a special ized organieat ion dea ling exc lu-s ; "e1. l ' with nil' trnnsporbe.tion a nd l er ry in g migbtbe ab le to ran spor t more suppl ies t h8 JI 1 1luct.ieulgroup which was nmennb le to the at er ' p re ssuresor all kinds. 'Wben U,e COlDIlllllld wns SQlludedout all the llluLLc


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II1. OPERATIONS IN THE PACIFIC

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( 194.2 0 perarionsThe r p lacement fe rry ing se rv ice of Air ' I' rane -porb ommand, set up inMarch 194.2, \VIIS able inless than 3 months to be of substan ti al a id to thAllied Air Porces during the Bat tl e ot Midway,The WILl" Department cited ferry pilots of thCommand for dol i " I ) l ing to lInw.Qii, under emer-gency condibionejcombat, aircraf t which then wererushed into battle.The transport servi ,originally consisting ofbut 2 LB-30's operated by the onsolidated Air-craft Corp. (Oonsairways) had 5 Liberators reg-ull1Tly on the route in August wei. 6 in Saptembar.Uriited A ir Lines joined Conso lida ted during thelatter month wHh ij 0--87's , to provide all aug-mented s rvice. By t1H3 end of 194.2 this con-sisted o r 13 airemft.High priori ty personnel , ma il , anrl emerg J) yspare P8.1' t s for grounded aircralt M el oth I" criticalAir Service Cormunnd mat;ldel Iurnished IDO L ofthe ~~Il.fiiciD~he earl y days. Ammunition andbombs also were curried Jrequoutly; so frequently,ill Iaet, bha~ ll. ssnuderd operating procedure \I'"R8drawn up to insure tha t t ll ey were properly loadedfor flight delivery. On OlIO ear ly mission the Ail'Transport ommand fl wan ent ire pursu it g roupof500 man the ent ire d istano to Ausbra li a,The.Air TrRusport Commuud gnve !.betheaters,and par ticu"iar ly I lbevarious air forces us eff 'ectivesupport a s War Department a irc ra fL and tonnageallocations of thll.t early day would permit. The'v ight, of freight, and mail delivered to Pacifictheaters dur ing 1M2 amounted in all to about250 tons. Aircraft ferry deliveries du.ring thoyem both. by the eornmaud and combat crewtotaled 520 planes,1943 OperationsInMItY 194.3, plans W re (Ix.ownfor oil' shuttlein tha ouLhwest and outh Pacific Arcus to eVRC-unto] i lbh and Tbirteen th Air Force MJllba~ per-sonnel [01" rest-leave ILt ,yelney and Auckland,

respectively. The~lI services weru ill full opera-W O n by the f al l o f 1943 .By the end of the yeo.l ' con tructiou \\'IIS com-ple te on all outh Pacific bn of the ir ' r " I \ I l S -

port Command. The trllilsport service, with 31planes on tho run (o!which n ine wer e O-54' s) wasworking on accelerated s hedulcs . Trlll lS-Pacif iccrossings, Hamilton Field to Amberly Field,Austratil l, of 36 hours ' flying time were not un-common. Fe rry del iveries f or the yea r were wellover 3 times those for 194.2,totaling 1,575 aircraft.The greatest mudieal air evecnation l' rogram inhistory had its beginning during the year with Ittotal of 667 pat ients evacuated by ai,r, the greatbulk of them Marine casualties Irom Tarawaevacuated inNovember and December.Emergency missions of strategic significance in-cluded. the delivery direeb I rom the United States,in response to urgent theater requests of plane-1000dsof uch items lIS hor izontal tabil izers, handgrenades and parachutes. The delivery by 0--54ai rcr aft o f the s tab il izers made a irworthy manygrounded B-24' s of Ute F iftb Air Force ; the del iv -ery of the band grenades fore stal led a cr isi s in theSolomons' fighting; while tb~ delivery of para-chutes implemented the success of the famousparatroop operation at Nadznb in ieptember 11143.Between June and ep tember H143, af ter doingwhat it could in support of the 'I'hirtcenth AirFore in the Guadaleanal battle, the commands tepped up i t t ranspor nc tivi j es to unpreeedeu t-ed Ievals in SUPPOI'!; of the great olouions-NewGuinea off sns ive. ' I' hi s began in July 1943, withUte invs ion of' low Georgia and ended in ep-tember with t he captur of Nadznb, Lac, and theSalamaua area, by the All ies . The cen te r of grav-ity of theater supply in both outh and outhwesfPacific area shilbed from New nledonia and theBrisbane area 10 more northerly supply points ,t944 OperationsThe A ir 'l'rallspon Command inaugurated aDe.W ~1"lU1S-Paci6.cservice in .February 1944.nited Ail" Lines WIIS assigned the task of provi -s ioning the now supply cen te rs ab Guadalcnnul,Towus,cille, nud Port Moresby. For the timebeing Consairways WIlS ellowed to consinue itssorvie to Jew Caledonia and Brisbane along thoold urh Pacific rout . ..Meanwhile, a t Genera l :t- .1aoArthlU'S request,

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L he command had agreed to provide scJlcconduct 0 - opcmtiousin the Mananas. One of its first tnsks \I'M toa ss ist in the evacuat lcu of casual ti es from Pa lau .' I 'his Wi).S accomplished with 1 2 0 -- 54 '8 assignedexclusively to the project. In September. thewing DUcie all the 11 cessary preparations for themovement of the cornmand's aircraft and per-sounel. The move WIIS completed SI1 cessfully;11 November'; it IVII followed in Decemberby the equa lly succes sf ul mov ment of a irc ra ft andpersonnel of the Three Hundred and ThirteenthWing of tbe Bomber ommand, to 'I'inian.Obviously t il e command was keep ing pace withthe needs of the campaign in the Southwest andW estern Pacific U'I'eItS, It s f er ry ing, a ir evncua-t ion and t ranspore records (or 1944 nt. tes t to thi s,

F er l' i" d a u "m f b for the YCI I ! ' J 944, including t Iledel i,T(!I'yof 242 B-29's to the Mal'illJlll,S, totaled2,545 planes-c-an increase of almosc.i ,000 planesove r the previous year's total or 1,592. In addi-tion Lo the B-29's other bombers fe rri ed w reB-24's and B-2S's, The bulk of the transportsIerri ..d were 6's with whioh the Fa l" Eas ter nAir Forces WOI'!! replacing theu' i' .' fhe B-29 movements P"(,S( nted unprecedented

logis t ical and maintennno probl ems. The com-rnand had to brief and proce L lJe B -29 G rewniem bers and cont rol and supervise both planesand crews over the entice route tn uipnu: it hadto mulnbnln IIlId supply the planes ell route andprovid e !lpproplil).to securi ~ymeasu I 'CS fOI' fL move-ruau t which aLall t i.mcs \VIIS considered top secret,r \Iniul ;lI l1J l" " und supply personnol hll.d to btlLI'OinC; evacuated,cr it ical ma te riel car ri ed and a irc re ft , f er ri ed con-tinued on an "vel' i llcreasing scale. Tho develop-menta of 1945, in fact, had been clea: rly fore-shadowed by tho e of late 1944. T he "Toll-up"of I nc il it ie s south and eas t o f L he Philippines con-t.inued and W


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Me led fire) upport." 'flu' d livery of the shellsand othot- materinl ({I Okillllwll-pm"llllelNi h~' !l11CIlWI-geIlCYdeli \ 'CI)' to Ute ~1" ria nus II [,,'" wI'phcflrli~r of 6.5 tons ot fuses and fhtres-wtls, how-ever, inciderunl IQ Ihe primary air evucuationmission, which was, \U1q uost iona hly, one of Utebest planned lind executed ovucua bion projectsover under taken by lbl! command.The total number of pa ti en ts evacuated by airfo r the 9-month period , 1 Jnnuary to Lhll end ofptcmber 1945, WIIS 7l,7li7. The penk mouthWIlS June 19~5, when the evacuees totulod 10,327.The number of pa ti en ts evacuated b) lhe d iv isionfor the ent ire per iod of the war, with the programreally beginning only 11 late as November-1943,was 108,51!1cell of whom were evacuated withoutIIsingle f f1te. ! i ty en route.Ferry deliveries or B-29 aircraft (01' the 9-mOlllh

period far exceeded that of other types. Duringthe first 9 months of 1946, 1,200 13-29'8 and 11B-32's ware dill ivered to the :\ l nrinnas. A totalof 1,442 B-29'. were deliycred between hlleincept ion of hllC movemen.t in0 Lober 1944, andits termination inS ptemb r 1945.By Jun~ 1945, tbe Southwest Pacific Wing'smission inA ll trnlie and New Guinea, was vir tu illyat an end . Ithad moved genera l headquarter s ofthe outhw t Pacif to Leyto (and la ter toManila): it bud romp leted it s New Guineu airevnCUo. t iol l progJOIlII1;it wus busy cloi in g out thewar in what become ess ntially a rear area.outbwest Pac ifi c Wing a th. .; ti es th n eforwardcentered upon Inter-i lund servic within thePhilippines, a 54 run between :Mll>IJila a ndBrisbane aad 0. steadily decreasing trnflic betweenNew Guinea and the Philippines .Meanwhile, so greatly hnd the inter-theatertransport operation increaaed thut in JWJUIlI11945, the Pacif ic D iv i s i on had assigned to it 11251, '. , 92of which ware undar military operaticnwith 20 under oper at ion by UniLed Air L ines . In

addition, ensairwaya operated 1 011 trans-Pacific routes. By tbe and of Al lri l1945 , Paci fi cDivision wus op"mtiIlg 130' military 54's "lid\V1l.S able ill tho lf1le sum me r o f LII45 t o m i l it n ri z e1 1 1 1 t rans-Puci fi c "(l rv ie r west o f Hickam l?icld,l enving th two contr ac t (U r riers to cpernte s011'IyOil the 1'uIl Hami lton Field-Hickam Field IlJU]r~turl1. By June H)45, t he n um br -r of military54's hud ri sen to 145; by July to 147. n IVIlSto go even higher.10

O n 14 .A ugust 1945, tllO Japunese offered tosur rendor and special j,[" nspor t missions of gmntimportance faU to the Pac ifi c Divi siou, ItBew1 . 1 1 1 ' -Iapaneso delegat icn ( rom Io hir na to Mani lato heur Gen . .r ul l \{ncAr tlmr' s surrender terms.'It se.IlLII. ' S4 Irom Okin . . "," to Vludivostok top ick up II. Bussiuu delega. tioll heuded by GeuernlD revynnko which wns to n t for Russia at theJapanese SIIIT nder. Finully, in 200 54'sspec ia lly as sembled for the ocou ion , it flew intoTokyo tho ent ire . in i t inl oceirpying force specifiedin the surrender terms. In 1 d f1Y , 30 . Augus t 1945,i~moved 4 ,000 men I IDd 200 ton of cargo fromOkinawa into .A . t . sugi Airport. Batwe 11 28Augus t and 12 eptembar, the 200 0-54'8 de-livered thereto 23 , 456 occupation troops, prin-eipally f rom the Eleventh .Airhorn.e and Twenty-seventh Infantry Divis ions , 924 jeeps , 267 weaponscarrie I , 2.348 barrels of gasoline and oil, lindalmost, 2,000,000 rations . Finally, it returned toO k in nw a f ro m J I1 l1 l) n 7,589 l ib er n t ed A l li &1 prison-ers of war and civilian internees headed byLt., en, Jonatllllil v'{ninwright, 0 more spec-tacular transport mi sian had ever be n flown byany l : n il . i tmy o rg " 'n i ~ l I t i ol l anywhere.Su.mmary of Pacific Operations. The grand total of airc.ro1t ferried to Pacificdes inations b twe n Janus. l1 ' 1942 end :10 Sep-tember J 94.5, 'VIIS 8,047. Bosides the 1,4,~3 v~ryhM,ry hombel's, th is figure includes 2,798 hm1VYbomber , l ll Igely B-24' s; 1 ,601 medium bomber sof b h o B - .2 S type; 15 ligb.t bomb rs of t he .A -2 5typo; and 1,841 transporte of which 54.0 were0-46'8, he balance mostly 0-47'5. Of tho8,047 nil 'C'mlt fer ried, Air Tl' lulsport Commandcrows "delivered 2,:130 aircrnf t jtllet icn! row s,opemting almost without exception undar controlof the command during the delivery period, de-Iivered 5 ,717.By 31 .AuIFus t 1945, Puc i f i c Division was operat-ing 2110 54's-lLIl nil-time high qunlled by no

otherA'I' divis ion] nor indeed any othnr militarytrnusporl, orgl l l l iz l l , t ion. T'his dmmaeic expansionof the diviaion's f !lciLlti"g had its ref lection in thoequally s tr i.king illcrcusu in its ass igned s]"'ength,With un initial p I sonnel of 1 in J lluun .ry 194 .2j4.10 ill January 1943; 5 ,000 i ll . Jal ll llu'y 1944;22,1.54 ill ,)flJ:lI\,lI1 1 94 '0 , L il e D i vi si on f ou nd i tse lfItt lit, {'.lId of ~Iw ,]ltPILIII).lC "'or-its waru ime mis-s ion nccomplished=-with a PC1'SOlHl IsLr ngLIt of4J,657.

rv, CONCLUSIO 5'rh Ai. 'I'ran port o mrna nd hod the primaryroles of fel 'l1' ing aircraf t I lnd'vrovidil lg oil ' t rans-port services from tho United St f1tes to V1lJ10U.sLbe


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To/at ~C' l lOh .t~ mrri~lJro'm In{iia ta Cldna by.tJw Air TroR:&-p.v,rl C(m~mand

V. STATISTICS

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l IH. , . . ,~.1- ---I.:J].] 11M 44,00I:I~. . 12, , ' lriD -li)"m~ , . , . " . ' " ' . . . . . . .I.lilltl n. &'..~ "',201US, " . ' S ; l " ' r . ~ . : r ott"l:! ,>;!I t . " " " ' "lol: 'U ! W iJ,lH~".4:47 "A o r o I ! ! . 1 , : ' ! H ' i."i; . l:!:. ::!2..'l :~ ""n'' . ' 1 0 zt, ns 8,0016,,"5Ji ~ . . I i Il : " J.4291:2.~} :n ,ms ('J

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JIin JIU) ~~~~ ~~ ~~.~.~ __"F 'oIJ~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~ ~ _~ ~ _! kr~ ~ .~ ~ & ~ . .~ ~ . & . _. ~ " " ' _ ._ . _ - - -- ...._ . _ - - ....;! 'I; fiit~!_~ ~~ ~ __ . ~~._ ~ .~ ~1u.tlI!.. ~~ ~& ._ ~lUI>" r _ ~ . ~ ~A _ . ._ _ . _ _ . ,_ _Sl,pwmher. . . &_OtM~r~ ~N"OO\~ r~n to Ct i ub t" I" - - _ _

I f h 5 C : i : r : i . t m u i " d Pet.., es J J D I ' T I l : n J : I'lllrt o . r : J ' \ . 1 r o l : !l l " J ; r ! t Q . ! L t . ' t I u J ~ l i tnul3IIOTLi ! !o~UGiJ: t . .t Crnt i l llo't :nl" .n~mbw 11l: l~~No\(!lDlK!Jolo.l~ i3Il .31. . . .Tollllp(Ui'l'mg.e'n~'a.j "nru by Jlh Transport Cam ' 1U11 id to ,awd

j i "Om .t.1TC d i t incm,(J dir.ecUu c o i l H u " . c : t e d ~ 'lh l h( ]. l Y I l ' r in M ePa.ijiePaefie Dh:mtOrL __ ~__ _AI8:$knn Divisiou., ~ ~_ __ ~_.India- 'hina Dlvlsjou . ~ ~ _ &_ ~_ ~

61S,SH21~, 010730, 8lJ

T olaL --- - - - - __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ I , 5 6i'1, :il13Nt;lrir.-ThllllhCl rr~!.IJLnIs lan;littf liCrL!i cr I l tlEn i 'l![]]oortllUoo Q:r l ' J i I l 'W 1l ! i1

~ t. l. iJ d, d ll tl !. compii5e the ~~ ~J ith:ro!lJd.l! .h1!. PlJrlS. In .:d..X U O I l dllrto;g tha gm! perfod. 0 0 . 7 & 1 J I I U . 1 o t i l . 1 I ; 1 ! B I !rHitll.i!J cp&:.'f t r o r l. ! i r l r I I l ! J ' t i L IIW.l bnr .nUo l l OL.LLcunlj tQ o ttm ("1:]!~B.w:r.ntL~tadllll, T~t:tl. Nrlt l:rl,e]udif![JEn ttl!! mIf-all lotlD15.1k1't!If[Ibs~HuJ oum~ or ~l:If.1 "Cho ~d !oAr r fCl l bY" : f i ~1 r l I t i : i I : U 1 ! . . o : ! I t : : G r t "1 ' J . t ! ' t . l : J I I ! . Q Were fI[}""D Into tht! Ch!mllrnurtnll~btuIn. ':rb~wr by AIr TlQlt:.ffiGn. CrnlImlliul. AJ$Q mn Included om Rlgt...~ iidLmII,)f t. . ' fII t' llgi!d In i l ;rlng r J - ~! ! Uom, w l J r ; J , toolt D r ! !1 " r fc d i 1 . 1 :t ' cm r ~ [ r o rotl.!~ U:t:I j Lm' S U U ( to lh(!- ,r:hlna-nl~1l13I!1f.nrJliII l l luUJ! f " i!~dwhD ~ on lX ! f~rc!&JJml ' r ; ! h : ! i 1 ' l : i t O DrAtn.UQO. Tfm I ' J . l J III bt!m 0 1 [ l o[ J "" A T C OJ I TJ b l l. L ,cruW) w h o f !t .l WhlllJ U ! . c CbJr . III1 , - :HnnDl II fu1 ifa1 'hetl~ 0 \ " ' ' ' ATa r DJ C a eu n m l .nclodi!tll . ALI. g r l ~ m t t- g o: r J\ 'S . I r I l lc l ~ t! C I 'J , 'w o u ld h a ve ! 1 D _ ( !~ ' tI c o ru h lrm b ly 'bill rroDtJlotlll or 1N!l3!lnni!ij ,ruIH;~ hJ air . 1 . 0 ; em ru..tUDOwlU, ~tLi! PnCj;l]e W"lIi.r.

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UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BQMBING SURVEYLIST OF REPORTS

The: foUnwtng is a bibliogrnph. ,~ of reports resulting rromt he Survey' .s tu die s o f tlie European and Pacif ic W8"!"tlrlo.in D C these reports mllY be purchased from the Super:Intend ilL of Doeuments at t he Goverum nt P li nt ing Olffee," l' -s sl' ili ng to n. D . . P erm! s te u to examine the remainingreports mal' be had by writing to t he Headqu ar te rs o f th eun'cy a t i 3r av el ly Poin t, WBahi ng to n 25, D , C,European War

OFFICE OF THE BArnMAThe United -"les Slratcgie Bcmbing SurVC)': Suus-1liIf'j' nej>erwl34 . A Detailed Study of the EIf.c! of Ar e', Bomblog011 D usseldorf'35 A Detailed Study or Lh. Eff""t'!! of Ar ea Bomblng00 '-olingCI"l30 A Dctetfnd Study or r h" EIT"oLs o f A rea Bombingon Remscbcjd

37 A ~"t~~~~s~~~yf Lhe J~IT'>"l of Araa Bcmbingss A';;: " t : : : )~~kSudy of thu [L;[f.ols 0r Aren Bomhi "g39 A Jlri~r 'judy o r th e l,ncuLsof Arc" Bourblug onBerltn, Aug.sburg, Bochum, Leipzig, Hageu, Dort-Olund, ObQ:rliall.eCll! Seh.wcil1rurt , a nd Bremen

orV1LlAN DEFENSE DlV[SION40 (~\. an l ? cr e ll J o)UDh'i5iQI1~Fil lnl I tcporrL4 I (ologne I'loid HeporL411 Benn Field Report, c

'13 Han"v r F 'iold Report, Id ~llmburg Field.Heporli ---Vol l, ToxL' Yol [[ 1~, ;; ll lbil":!~ [lI] Old"" loc 1' ,, ,ld l1.opurL ' ,~u ALIgobl!rs' I'iold ReporL4 7 R ee cp tl oJ .l A rm u. ill Bn . vn r in . , G e rmnny

EO. lP~'1ElN'r DIVJSION"~hH :l r h :B l Uronch

~: ~~rmfLIJ/,~lec~ri"JId fi:quirlfll'.:!nL IllduilItrv ReportrO\~'B t.\rN~1 e:LClc, A'lanllhciol [(nrertnJ

Gcrm,fWYO.,ueol Dnd Prcdtdon Inst.rument Branch

50 Optic ,,1 811d Preoislon In~I'lIme"t rndll_.~ry l lt ion of HAl? Bomb! n @:6411 The f mpaet or I he ..\JJ! d Air Effort 011 German Lo-gi.st ics

MORALE DIV1SION641:1The Effeots of Strategic Bomblcg on Gcrm~ll Morillo

(VOl. I & II)Medk.1 Branc.ha li Tho Effe"L of Bombing en Hanuh nndMedi ea l Care

j II G crmany, MUNITIONS DIVISIONHeavy Ind .,l ff B ra neb

G6 Til " Coking Judustry Report on Goeman)'07 Cok Ing P lr cuLU"J )o " No. - I, S cd io n a f i e , B, C, & D68 Gul-eh.gfftHmgshucttc, Ohcrhausen, Germany69 Fri edri ch-Alfred UuC;Lt, c1helnhausen, G rmany70 N el l 1 1k tr ob cn E ts enwe rko A G. Neunki rc hen, Ge r-71 R~~i, t~~rer"ke Heernunn Goerlng A 0 Hallendorf,Germany72 Augu. ' T h) '! lSC11f lu et te A G, Jlumbcm. Garrnnuv73 Fr ,,,dr lch Krupp A G, Borbae k PI"nL, Essoo, O"r-7~1 D::~~~~ud Hoerder E ll ttanveretu, A OJ Doe r mund,

Ge.rIllllll,Y75 Hoeach A 0, Dortmund, Germ" n) '7C 11oc11.U.L' Iloererc ln ruer OusstnhHnbriknUoll A G 1Buuhum, GerwsnyMolor Yehld". end Tonks Branch

77 Oermon Motor ahiojes Industry llepor1178 Trmk Iud".I.ry Roport _70 Uillm ler B en:& A . C, UtiterturkhcL!l1.t C 01 'l1 Ja m; .Q non""IL ~[o(or VohlcleHPI. nt, I'hUO\1Ioourl.1nrlS8] Adnlll Opcl, RLl.sseIi!jiheim.Germ..oI~y82 DfL.imler llenz.-On.g_gclI(1U ,,-:fork::!, (in.gcaau, GCirU.iin:~83 "L\lag hincnrabrik Augs.burg-.Nul'nborg, NUfllUe.rg,8 rt A1 J~ ~r~~i ~~ A 0 , Chemnit:7J and Zwi!JkflU, Oermnuy8,5 1100".hol & S ol in , K M : ;G I , Gunnall . \ '86 Ma yboGh }101or Works, Frlcdr.ioh . .lmrol l, Go..U>lu,)87 VoigtJande.r M.isohiu"nfnbrlk AC, PlmlUn, Germa"y88 VolkswBgon;,"crkc, FalJer.alebcnJ Gc.ruHH1)'9 BI I" "in g NAO BtlJn'''''ck, Gerlll"Il)' ._9 0 ~rueWeDbnu Indu. tr ie A G (Mia l! ) Brtlll,WICk, Cor-gI Fr~d~j~hKrupp Gru,oDworko, \\r"gdoburg, Qe,nmllY

Submnrlne (kanch02 German Subma rin e I ndus t r y R epor t9~ i\ 1" "ohil lc nf ab ri l< Augsbu rg - ' ur ub er g A G , I\III!S-burg, a rmany~ ~ ~ ~ O L ~ t ~ C :~ ' ~ c ;k :S J \*a:Yr{~I~i~~~~~g! Cermany .gO Deu ts ch e chin ' u ud 3 .J us ch i. uc nb a.u . B remen, G er -

uH l:rlyU7 Fri edri ch Krupp Germuul ewerft , l nc l, G e r n : u i 1 J 1 Y98 Howald t w erke A .G . Humburg; Ge .r ru sny. 9 9 Subma rin e c\ssembly l1eltcr, Farge. Oermany100 Brum r uikun, Voge :ftck, GenJ l8ny

o r dn a n e e Branch101102103104105Ion107108

'Ordnance Industry ReportFriedrieh Krupp 'rllson,,- r'k A, G MagdeburgGermanyBoehume r Ver in I ue r G lJ .e !: ls hJ Ia br ik nt io l] A G ,I}OC.hIJUl, GermanvHenschel & Bchu, I\os.scl, GennanyRhelmuetnll-Bnrsljr. Dusseldorf Ccnun.nyF lc rmnun Goe ri ng Wcr kc , B rnunsc hwet g, H .: .. l. lIQudorl \Gf'rman,'HtuUWver{iilchr7\f3iichh1enh311,lI31' vet, Genuatl}'Guss111Jl lr a. lJ ri k F ri ed ri ch K rupp , E ss en , G e . r r o a . 1 1 y

OIL D1Y1SION109110111

Oil Division, Final ReportOil Dlvision, 1 ' i 1 1 l 1 l 11. crt , AppendixPowder, ExplosjvCtl, "pc:cull Rockets and J t Pro-p all an t . W", G .. n od Smoke Acid ( ).{ io i.t cr in lReport fllU"dc rg r< lL Ind and Di '~~ P la n in G"",t .er Ger-manv'Ibe Oerm"" Oil Indu try, MIni>:t er ia i Repor t T m78i\HIiJtertnl Report 00 Chemicals

112113

'114

Oil Brancb115116117

AnUDouiakwerke ~rerSeburg :I m b ' E l , LeUn.9, Oer-nll1l1y-2 AppendkesBruunkohl a Benzin A G, Zeitll and BQhlen, GermanyWintcrshall J.\ G, Lcutekendnrf GermanyLudwlgshafen-Oppau Works of L C Fn.rbenlnciu.tcicA G, Lud.~,cigsh~rcl\.GermanyRuhrool Hydrogenati on Plant , BOLtrop-Boy, Oer-rtlfitlV, Vol, It VoL T .TR IH"1 :nn . i -L l 6 ~~g ~H uaraloelw erke A Gt f farburgIlenJ1Qr~T Humburg, GermanyllbcMnia' b " " " K ; \Unemloelworke A G, GnlShrnokRcfi[lcr~ ' Hamburg, Germany r

l1llclHwin O S S 9 ~ Mi:nern.loeLworkc A O . l V il he .L m burgRc.fjnery, Hamburg Gc.rm31H"~ewc.rk abart Vic tor, ~trop-Jb.uxel, Ge.r1lUlny, Vol.I " \'01. 1TEurQpnc.isch~ TnuklBger lwd Trn uRport A G ., f to.Jn-burgC~r~l9.n r~b nBQ ' ,. \s pl ui l, " \ e rk c A 0, Ho.rhl1fg llcfi ne.ry. Hu.lll-burg, Gcrrnnlly '"" .l\1""rooek Hhdnprcu .... 11S~" lh - tIC 011 PtROt-Vol . 1" Vvl, II

II11912 0121In12 312'112(;

nubber Brancll1201271212U

D eu lS nb e D un lo p O u:m 1l l. i C o . B an Elu Oll L\f a in ,o~~ f t~ :~~~ i Ounulliwcrke. H . n .n o ve r , G c : r I na n y11".1. ~'J)lh6IiaRubber PlantMjllistcfln Ue ll ort o n Ccr.llIl Jtubbcr Jl'idusuy

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13 Q1311 . 9 2

Prop~Uu.ns BranchRio11"PHYSICAL DAl\IA.GE DrvISION

1Mb Phl -s i" ,, 1 Darna ll " D i, "' ;gu Repor t ( 'B 'rO)J 3 5 Y lllacou bJay .ili.rtlrou1i!!') l ~ r i 'S .: . F . r .B : . . lJ01 36 R a il ro a d llelJ~i.rYard:: ; , ~ r . o l \nQ:. : i i"Belgium137. H..{i i lto~d R.np.a. irY.n.rds , Lou vuln, Br; Igiufl l13S Ita ll road .R.pa ir rards, HII&;IlIt, &I~ium139 l l'Li ll 'Ond R"P'Iir Y~rds, NlLIIlur, BolgilliU140 Suhmruitlc!'dun Group, Met., FTruIoeH5 Gnome et Rhone , Lil1lO~, France116 JfichJiHn Tire Feetcry, CIJ!tmohl-Fcrmnd, Fmneu!H Gnome at Rhone A"", Engine Fa.ctor r, Le ).1"".,France, 4 S KU&! ,l li se h< >, : e, , " : ing B a l .1 P i a " \. . . B b e ls b ac h , O"[[l1nn yU~ LOUlS B.reguet AliCmft 'Plant.J Toulouse, Fruneel50 S.N. C. A.-a R Ainlrn. ft P lant , Toulouse, Fran . .15! 11. I . A .Ai rcraft P lant , Toulouse, France152 V Weapons in Lcndnn103 City . > . . r " " , 01 Kn;fnld 1M Public Air ll.aid Sholl". , in Oo?mru,y155 Goldenberg Thermal Blectrie Power Station, l(n"p_" " 0 1 < , Ger""",y156 BruuweilerTransformer& Swit~hiDgStaUon" Brau-" " e nC , r O1 J rma uy151 S[orago 'o .p"t NQhboUonbneh, Ge,mllllY158 R~\vny nn~ .n ,; nd Bri d~e, Borl Munster, Oem.IJUlY159 Railway Bn

Oi.1 and, ,Chemicnl Dlvialen40 Ohomlcnla ln JnpB.IIiS \~rD.r .50 Chcmlea ls ill Jnpan~s Wfir.--Apj)l;!lu_II.~.51 Oil in .J3Jlnnlg W9r *52 Oil I u J~:!Ul 's ' V . r r r - - - - - - A ppe ad tX

O,'u.nU Eeoeemlc Elf.: :c:ts Divi:slon.1 j . 3 Th e ElIeu ts of Stratcgtc BOIJl~ing OI"JJapnn~s W'~:rEcouomy ( Including Appc l l t J . L . . . . . \ . _ :U~S. Econ!:)ln.,~I n tc t l. i ge . nc : e 0 1 \ J a p8 I 1 -A . u o .l Y ~ l .: 3 _ : a Dd C omp9 .r l .! S o n,

Appeildj~, ,=B: Gross N Ilhonal P:od uct on ~8.I:Rnmid I~CompollOOls; Appoeudi>:C: Slal....loalSourc:~}Tr-D!nBportatiotl Division

54 '1"lw \YBF .;.\,gai!lri J.n:p. . 'lrD~e i'"l 'tn"L~i-:porW.tiou, 194-1-10'1;;

Urbfifll A.'cas Division5ij E-1T( ;":( its r .:\jr i\tt.'lck 011 J ilpancsc Urbtl l l" EuO)OlI,:(Sum Ilu r'il RCI)Ort). 5' ~ I E. iT ce ts {If Air Ati lLcI~ on Urbll.u C(jlllplc:~ iok~o-

K ,{ l: .w lL ." i. .l \! i; i- Yo ko h mn (! , . -1' 57 EiToctl iicr l"\ir Attack Oil nUl Clty_ or ,N~go~ ~58 LlI T I.of Air AII-"ck on OOfl"":li.obo-~\;.voto _( ;9 E rI c , o r Ai r A tta ek on tile City of N~",,~kl60 Elroo ts of ! \. ir "u


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MILITARY STUDIESMU i Ca ry A n o. lJ "' iB D i vi si on

6J A ir Forces All ied wu.h t ho Urrlled Stat.s I n th e Wa r-}\""i"81 Japan02 Japn " .s e A ir Pcwer6~, J ap an es e A i. \ Ve "por .' " a nd Tac tic s64 The Eff.ct of Air Ac l ion 0" Jap"""'" Oro,,,,i o st Wolti", ~laloel"p,:Millc. and Jaluit ; (V, ,1s, I, II, and III )77 The Reduct i o0 of Truk78 The OtrO!1lS;"" ~.r;oc L:.y ing : C",mpaign Ag/l;1lStJapan79 Report. of S IL i ps B ar nb a- rd m ru >l S U n'

USSBS Report 68, The Air Transport Command in the War Against Japan

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Transcript of USSBS Report 68, The Air Transport Command in the War Against Japan