Industrialization Spreads(Ch. 9, Sec. 3)- part 1

1. United States Began to Industrialize 2. Industrialization Changes Way People Work3. Beginning of Corporations in US

What forced the United States to begin to industrialize?

• US was blockaded from trading with rest of world by Britain (War of 1812)

• America was forced to industrialize and manufacture its own machine-made goods

• US had the necessary resources: land, labor, & capital, plus natural resources (iron ore, coal, oil)

• Despite industrializing, the US remained mostly agricultural until end of Civil War

How did industrialization change the way people worked?

• Industrialization created many factory jobs in the cities (city populations grew-urbanization)

• The textile industry was the first to develop• Inside the factories, young women supplied

80% of labor (Lowell, Mass.)• People now worked long hours in factories, as

opposed to the long days on the farm• Several inventions (telephone & light bulb),

major rivers, & railroads also contributed

Electric street lights

What led to the rise of corporations in the United States?

• Entrepreneurs sold stock to raise the money needed to run & expand their businesses

• Stock holders became part owners who earned high profits, but had no voice

• Large businesses (Standard Oil & Carnegie Steel) became huge corporations & made unbelievable fortunes

• At the same time, laborers worked long hours & earned low wages

Industrialization Spreads(Ch. 9, Sec. 3)- part 2

1. Industrialization in Continental Europe2. Industrialization Spread Through Europe3. Effects of Industrialization on the World

Smoke stacks polluted the air

Where did industrialization spread to first in continental Europe?

• Belgium had plenty of iron ore, coal, & many fine waterways for transportation

• A factory worker smuggled the plans for spinning machines & mechanical equipment to Belgium

• Cockerill & his son’s industrial enterprise produced textiles, steam engines, & locomotives

• Germany had lots of coal & iron ore, but it was scattered, & caused pockets of industrialization

• Germany built a railroad system to connect their industries

Where did industrialization spread next in Europe?

• Much of Europe followed, but as in Germany, it was pockets of industrialization

• Bohemia developed a spinning industry, Spain processed cotton, & Italy produced fine silk

• In France, agriculture dominated the economy and industrialization was a slow process

• Some countries, such as Spain & Austria-Hungary, faced transportation obstacles that hindered industrialization

What were the overall effects of industrialization on the world?

• It produced greater global inequality as rich countries became even richer

• US, Japan, Russia, & Britain all began to use colonies for resources & as new markets

• Imperialism led to even greater wealth and power for industrialized nations

• Development of a middle class led to greater opportunities for education & participation in democratic process for all classes