Industrialization Spreads

Industrialization in the U.S.

I. The United States possessed many of the same resources that allowed Great Britain to mechanize its industries.

A. Many natural resources such as coal & iron ore

B. Large supply of laborers

C. Many rivers and streams

II. As in Britain, industrialization in the U.S. began in

the textile industry.

Samuel Slater

A. The British were eager to keep the secrets of

industrialization to itself.

1. Britain forbid any engineers, mechanics, or toolmakers to leave the country.

2. In 1789, however, a mill worker named Samuel Slater slipped out of the country to the U.S.

a. In the U.S., he built a spinning machine from memory.

b. Slater’s machines ended up in the first factories in the U.S.

Factories in the U.S.

B. Many factories began emerging in the U.S. in the

early 1800’s.

1. Most began in the Northeastern part of the U.S.

C. Following the Civil War, the U.S. began to shift

to a more industrialized country as opposed to

agricultural.

Industrialization in the U.S.1. Much like Great Britain the U.S. had a wealth of

resources-oil, coal, and iron

2. The U.S. had its own burst of inventions

a. electric light bulb

b. telegraph

c. Telephone

3. A swelling population that consumed the new

manufactured goods.

4. A railroad system also began in the U.S.

The Rise of CorporationsIII. During the Industrial Revolution, corporations began.

A. A corporation is a business owned by stockholders.

1. To raise money entrepreneurs sold shares of stock (certificates of ownership)

2. People who bought shares of stock became part owners of the business.

a. Stockholders then share in the profits of the corporation but are not liable for debts.

b. Corporations are able to raise large amounts of money needed to invest in industrial equipment.

U.S. Corporations

B. In the late 1800’s the two most powerful corporations were Standard Oil (founded by John D.

Rockefeller) and Carnegie Steel Company ( founded

by Andrew Carnegie).

1. Corporate leaders made fortunes

2. Stockholders made huge profits

3. Workers earned low wages

Continental Europe Industrializes

IV. The Industrial Revolution spread to

most countries in Europe.

Other Inventions Spur Industrialization

V. Other inventions spurred industrialization.

A. In 1801, an Italian named Alessandro

Volta invented the electric battery.

1. It produced a steady electric current

B. In 1837, an American named Samuel F.B. Morse

invented the telegraph.

1. Communication could now be sent long

distances by sending electric impulses.

Other Inventions

C. In 1866, the first transatlantic message was sent by cable.

Other Inventions

D. In 1839, a Frenchman name Louis

Daguerre patented the first method of

taking photographs.

  1. Photographs could be completed

in a matter of minutes!

D. In 1876, the American Alexander Graham

Bell harnessed electricity to transmit

sounds over great distances-telephone

1. mass communication begins

 

E.In 1895, an Italian, Guglielmo Marconi

created the first wireless radio.

2. Mass communication develops even

more.

F. In 8178, the incredible American inventor

Thomas Edison created the first electric light bulb.

1. Factories could now operate 24/7.

 

G. In the 1885, German inventors used a gasoline engine to power a vehicle-the

automobile.

H. In 1903, American brothers, Orville and

Wilbur Wright, flew a gasoline powered

flying machine at Kitty Hawk, North

Carolina.

1. The longest flight that day lasted 59

seconds

2. Airplane travel began.

I. An American mechanic named Henry

Ford decided to make cars that were

affordable for most people

1. Ford used standardized,

interchangeable parts.

2. He built them on an assembly line.

3. The Model T Ford was introduced!

Theory of EvolutionVI. New ideas changed society during the Industrial

Revolution.

A. In 1859, Charles Darwin wrote the book, “On the

Origin of Species”.

1. Darwin challenged the idea of special

creation.

2. Darwin theorized that all forms of life,

including human beings, evolved from

earlier forms of life that had existed millions of

years ago.

Germ Theory of DiseaseB. A French chemist by the name of Louis Pasteur in

the mid-1800’s developed the Germ Theory of Disease.

1. He discovered that bacteria cause diseases and

that heat killed bacteria.

a. This led to surgeons insisting that wounds

be washed with antiseptics or germ-killing

liquids.

b. Public officials began to make sure their

cities built plumbing and sewer systems and

improved public health.

Genetics

C. In 1860, an Austrian monk named

Gregor Mendel was able to show how

certain traits are inherited.

1. Led to the science of genetics.

PsychologyD. Psychology became an important new

social science during the Industrial Rev.

1. It was focused on understanding human

behavior in a scientific way.

a. An Austrian doctor named Sigmund

Freud theorized that many of our

behaviors can be explained by

unconscious forces – memories,

desires, and impulses.

The Impact of Industrialization

VII. The impact of industrialization

A. Industrialized nations began to compete against each other

B. Poverty increased in less-developed nations.

C. European countries began to exploit overseas colonies for resources and markets

Result?

VIII. Imperialism began!