Industrialization SpreadsIndustrialization Spreads

Ch 25 section 3Ch 25 section 3

Great Britain wants to Great Britain wants to dominatedominate

• Great Britain wants to keep the Great Britain wants to keep the secrets of industrialization to secrets of industrialization to themselves. themselves.

• They forbid their engineers, They forbid their engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers form mechanics, and toolmakers form leaving the country. leaving the country.

Samuel SlaterSamuel Slater

• Secretly came to Secretly came to the United States in the United States in 1789. 1789.

• He built a spinning He built a spinning machine from machine from memory. memory.

• He became wealthy He became wealthy and eventually and eventually owned 13 spinning owned 13 spinning mills.mills.

Slater Mill Pawtucket, RISlater Mill Pawtucket, RI

Moses BrownMoses Brown

• Opened the first factory in Opened the first factory in Pawtucket Rhode, Island Pawtucket Rhode, Island

• He used Slater’s machines to He used Slater’s machines to produce thread. produce thread.

Francis Cabot Lowell Francis Cabot Lowell • In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell and 4 In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell and 4

other investors revolutionized the other investors revolutionized the American textile factory. American textile factory.

• They mechanized every stage in the They mechanized every stage in the manufacture of cloth. manufacture of cloth.

• They set up factories in Waltham, MA. They set up factories in Waltham, MA. • When Lowell died, the town was When Lowell died, the town was

named Lowell, MA. named Lowell, MA. • By the late 1820’s Lowell, MA became By the late 1820’s Lowell, MA became

a huge manufacturing center. a huge manufacturing center.

Mill GirlsMill Girls• Thousands of young, single women, Thousands of young, single women,

flocked to these mills to find work. flocked to these mills to find work. • Average age was 24Average age was 24

• They were watched closely inside They were watched closely inside and outside the factory to make and outside the factory to make sure they behaved properly. sure they behaved properly.

• They worked 12 hours per day, 6 They worked 12 hours per day, 6 days per week for decent wages. days per week for decent wages.

• For some women, the only For some women, the only alternative to working in the mill alternative to working in the mill was becoming a servant. was becoming a servant.

Lowell Girls Lowell Girls

• Lived in nearby boarding housesLived in nearby boarding houses• Men were not allowedMen were not allowed

• Expected to attend church Expected to attend church regularly. regularly.

• Curfew was at 10p.m.Curfew was at 10p.m.• Expected to have high standards Expected to have high standards

and demonstrate good valuesand demonstrate good values

• There was a great deal of industrial There was a great deal of industrial growth in the northeast during the growth in the northeast during the 1800s. 1800s.

• However, the US remained mostly However, the US remained mostly agricultural until after the Civil War agricultural until after the Civil War ended in 1865. ended in 1865.

Technological BoomTechnological Boom

• Light bulbLight bulb• TelephoneTelephone• RailroadsRailroads

BelgiumBelgium

• A carpenter, William Cockerill, from A carpenter, William Cockerill, from England went to Belgium in 1799. England went to Belgium in 1799.

• He carried secret plans for building He carried secret plans for building a spinning machinery. a spinning machinery.

• His son, John, eventually built an His son, John, eventually built an enormous industrial enterprise in enormous industrial enterprise in Belgium. Belgium.

• They produced machinery, steam They produced machinery, steam engines, and railway locomotives. engines, and railway locomotives.

GermanyGermany

• Imported British equipment and Imported British equipment and engineersengineers

• Sent their children to England to Sent their children to England to learn industrial managementlearn industrial management

• Built railroads to connect major Built railroads to connect major citiescities

• Economic strength led Germany to Economic strength led Germany to develop military powerdevelop military power

Other European CountriesOther European Countries

• Bohemia- spinningBohemia- spinning• Spain- cottonSpain- cotton• Northern Italy- textile, silk spinningNorthern Italy- textile, silk spinning• Russia- serfs ran factoriesRussia- serfs ran factories• France- railroadsFrance- railroads

Geographical BarriersGeographical Barriers

• Austria-Hungary could not build Austria-Hungary could not build railroads due to huge mountains. railroads due to huge mountains.

• Spain lacked good roads and Spain lacked good roads and waterways for canals.waterways for canals.

Worldwide ImpactWorldwide Impact

• Shifted world balance of power. Shifted world balance of power. • Promoted competition between Promoted competition between

industrialized nationsindustrialized nations• Increased poverty in less Increased poverty in less

developed nationsdeveloped nations

Global InequalityGlobal Inequality

• Widened gap between industrialized Widened gap between industrialized nations and non-industrialized nations. nations and non-industrialized nations.

• Many industrialized nations sold goods Many industrialized nations sold goods to non-industrialized nations at high to non-industrialized nations at high prices. prices.

• Countries began using exploiting their Countries began using exploiting their colonies for their natural resources. colonies for their natural resources.

Imperialism Imperialism • The policy of extending one The policy of extending one

country’s rule over many other landscountry’s rule over many other lands• Gave more power and wealth to the Gave more power and wealth to the

already wealthy, industrialized already wealthy, industrialized nationsnations

• Imperialism was born out of the Imperialism was born out of the cycle of industrialization, the cycle of industrialization, the development for new markets development for new markets around the world, and the need for around the world, and the need for resources to supply the factories. resources to supply the factories.

Society TransformsSociety Transforms• Industrialization gave Europe Industrialization gave Europe

tremendous economic power. tremendous economic power. • Much of Europe could produce Much of Europe could produce

goods faster and cheaper.goods faster and cheaper.• Despite the hardships of the early Despite the hardships of the early

urban workforce, population, urban workforce, population, health, and wealth eventually rose health, and wealth eventually rose dramatically in all industrialized dramatically in all industrialized countries. countries.

• The development of a middle class The development of a middle class created great opportunities for created great opportunities for education and democratic education and democratic participation, which also helped fuel participation, which also helped fuel a powerful movement for reform.a powerful movement for reform.

• Economies of Asia and Africa were Economies of Asia and Africa were still based on agriculture and small still based on agriculture and small workshops. workshops.