Designer: Fatma Al-Turkait Supervised by: Prof.M.Fahim Eng.Yusuf Ismail.
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Transcript of Designer: Fatma Al-Turkait Supervised by: Prof.M.Fahim Eng.Yusuf Ismail.
Designer:Fatma Al-Turkait
Supervised by: Prof.M.Fahim
Eng.Yusuf Ismail
Agenda
Distillation column design
Compressor design
Valve design
Distillation column design
Introduction:Distillation unit is used to separate the components by their volatilities (Boiling point Temperature).
Objective: To separate CO and CO2 from propane and propene
Types of distillation columns
One way of classifying distillation column type is to look at how they are operated .
Thus we have:
Continuous Columns
Batch Columns
Continuous Columns
Batch Columns
1 -Regular batch column.
2 -It is also possible to locate the feed vessel at the top of a stripping column and to operate the column as an inverted batch column.
3 -Middle vessel column
The type of column Internals:
Bubble cap trays ,valve trays ,and sieve trays.
The best type for our process Is continuous distillation and sieve trays.
Material construction
The material chosen for our equipments is carbon steel due to its low cost and ease fabrication . In addition, it resists corrosion.
Main design parametersA- Number of stages
B- Dimensions:
1-Diameter
2-Height
3-Tray Design
4-Wier
5-Thickness
6-Cost
A- Minimum and Actual number of stages
)1(Number of stagesCalculate vapor pressure of the light and heavy key components by Antoine equation.
Where: a, b, c, d, e & f are Antoine Coefficient.
)2(Determine the values of liquid-gas constant (K) for both the light and heavy key components.
)3(Calculate the average relative volatility of the light key with respect to the heavy key.
Where,
feTTdcT
baP
)ln()ln(
P
PK i
bCtCC)()(
222
3
2
2,)(
C
CbC K
K
)4(Obtain the minimum number of stages by Fenske equation
)5(Estimate the plate efficiency.Plate efficiency = 0.6
Obtain the actual number of stages
)(Log
x
x
x
xLog
N2
2
3
3
2
C
bC
C
tC
C
m
efficiencyplate
NN m
Detailed calculation for Nm,N
• Open File
Diameter
5.0// LVWWLV VLF
liquid vapor flow rate
1975.076.585/601.21066.2/104.4 5.044
2.011 20/tensionSurfaceKK
140347.020/014005.06.0 2.0
Correction for surface tension
5.0
1 / VVLF Ku
sm /118274.2601.2/601.276.585140347.0
.
The flooding vapor velocity (m/s).
The actual velocity based on net area.
Maximum volumetric flow rate
Net area required
As first trial take down comer area as %12 of the total column cross sectional areaA@12%
= net area required / 0.88
smUU Fn /800533.1118274.285.085.0
sm /886184.2601.23600/074.285.947 3
VMwtVV 3600/max
nnet urateflowvolumetricA /max2602961.1800533.1/886184.2 m
2821547.188.0/602961.1 m
Column diameter
5./4 netAD
m522936.1/4821547.1 5.0
Height
H=N*Spacing
H=30*.9=27 m
Tray design
Column area (m2) 24/ DAc
Down comer area (m2) ActotalofareacomerdownofPercentAd
The net area (m2) AdAcAn
AdAcAa 2The active area (m2)
2603009.1218592.0821601.1 m
234416.1218592.02821601.1 m
2218592.0821601.112.0 m
22 821601.1522936.14/ m
weir
Ad/Ac=0.21859/1.82*100
= 12%
Iw/Dc=0.76
Dc=1.522936m
Iw=1.157431m
weir height=50mm
Hole diameter=5mm
Plate thickness=5mm
Check weeping
K2=30.9 from graph @Minimum rate (hw + how)
uh=[K2-0.90(25.4-dh)]/g0.5
Actual min vap=145.9 m/s
3/2/max750 lengthweirrateliquidhMax low
liquid mm 51.69409
3/2L/min750 lengthweirrateliquidhMin ow
liquid mm 40.75425
liquid mm 90.75425 40.7542550
sm /8.75601.2/54.259.09.30 5.0
Downcomer backup
owtdcwb hhhhh
51.69409 260.3317 33.97246 50 mm998.395
hb < .475(.5*(plate spacing +weir height)
m395998.0
Number of holes
Area of one holes=
Number of holes=Ah/Ahole=
Holes on one plate= Numbers of holes/actual number of plates =705.1
23-105/4 -5101.964
-510.9640.138442/1
7051
Shell thickness
Where;t: shell thickness (in)P: internal pressure (psig)ri: internal radius of shell (in)EJ: efficiency of jointsS: working stress (psi)Cc: allowance for corrosion (in)
cJ
i CPSE
t
6.0
Pr
11025.139.296.085.013700/97905.2939.29 t
mmt 1.5
Cost
Cost=Vessel cost+ Trays cost+ Reboile Cost+ Condenser unit cost
Cost=$21800+12000+36200+49800
$= 119800
Results: Equipment nameT-101
TypeContinuous distillation LocationAfter T-100 distillation
Material of Construction Carbon steel
Insulation Glass wool
Cost ($) 119800
Number of stages (hysis)10
Tray spacing0.9
Type of tray Sieve tray
Diameter (m) 1.522936
Height (m) 10.5
Number of Holes 705
Compressor design
Procedure
1 -Select centrifugal compressor (single stage) according to this figure.
1 .Calculate the adiabatic head for a compressor(k100)
2 .Calculate the adiabatic power for single stage compression.
3 .Calculate the adiabatic discharge temperature.
9 .Calculate the adiabatic efficiency .
1/1/ /1121
' kkad PPkkTRH N.m/kg 0.247129
hpKW 38.24107.180 adP adHm
kkPPTT /11212 /
K35.860
1/1//1/1/ 1212 nnPPkkPPad = 72.02%
Cost
K101= 49300
K100= 53800
Specification for compressor K100
Equipment nameCompressor
TypeCentrifugal Compressor, single stage
LocationAfter CRV-103/ propylene process
Material of Construction Carbon steel
Insulation Glass wool objectiveTo increase the pressure of stream
12
Cost $49300
Power (Hp)8.0757
Efficiency (%)73.693
Inlet Temperature485.7 (C°)
Outlet Temperature626.1 (C°)
Inlet Pressure
Outlet Pressure
14.7 (psia)
44.09
Equipment nameCompressor
TypeCentrifugal Compressor, single stage
LocationAfter V-101/ amine process
Material of Construction Carbon steel
Insulation Glass wool objectiveTo increase the pressure of stream
1
Cost $53800 Power (Hp)35.66
Efficiency (%)89.418
Inlet Temperature25 (C°)
Outlet Temperature695.3 (C°)
Inlet Pressure
Outlet Pressure
14.7 (psia)
734.8
Specification for compressor K101
Valve design
Introduction:A valve is a device that regulates the flow of substances either gases, fluidized solids, slurries, or liquids) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.
Objective: to reduce the pressure of flow rates.
Main design parameter
Valve Type
Pipe Diameter
Cost
Valve Type globe valve
Best Suited Control : Linear and Equal percentage.Recommended Uses: Throttling service/flow regulation, Frequent operation.Applications: Liquids, vapors, gases, corrosive substances, slurries. Advantages:
1 .Efficient throttling2 .Accurate flow control
3 .Available in multiple ports.
Disadvantages:1 .High pressure drop
2.More expensive than other valves.
Pipe diameter
A=V/v
A=2.177E-3 m2
D=(A*4/ )0.5
D=0.526 m
Cost
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