STRUCTURE & PHYSIOLOGY

THE CELL

Group Names

1- YASMIN YEHIA2- AMGAD HUSSEIN

3- SERAG ALI4- MOHAMED MOKHTAR

5- AHMED HASAN6- WALEED ABD ELAZIZ

Definition of cell

The cell is the fundamental unit of structuree

Cell structure

Type of cell

eukaryotesHave nucleusHave DNACell division (mitosis& meiosis)E.g animals& plants

ProkaryotesNo nucleusNo DNACell division by binary fissionE.g bacteria

Cell growth and metabolism

Cell grow through the functioning of cellular metabolism. Cell metabolism is the process by which individual cells process nutrients molecules . Metabolism has two distinct division: catabolism, in which the cell breaks down complex molecules to produce energy and anabolism, in which the cells use energy and to construct molecules and perform other biological functions.

Function of cell

1. Cell division

2. Transport Metabolism

3. Transport through cell membrane

Cell division

Is the process by which new cells are formed for growth, repair, and replacement at the body

Types of cell division

Mitosis: which result in two cell identical to the one parent cell

Meiosis: daughters cell with half genetic material

Mitosis

Prophase: cell prepared to division

metaphase

anaphase

Cell membrane

1. Definition it is structure to protect cell and control the enterers of substance

2. Description it is bilipids layer embedded between protein lipids

head H2O soluble +ve charge called hydrophili

Tail H2O in soluble -ve called hydrophobic

Function

1. It acts as barrier, enclosing and protecting the component of cell

2. It acts as agate, controlling the flow of molecules in and out of the cell

The cell must selectively absorb nutrients that are essential to its growth and function

Osmosis Diffusion Active transport filtration

Diffusion

It occurs only in substances is the movement of substance through the membranes from any area of high concentration gradient this process called passive diffusion

• Another type of diffusion is facilitate in diffusion occurs when water soluble molecule move through the membrane with the help of proteins

Active transport

Is the movement of the substance against the concentration gradient from low concentration to high amount of high amount of energy ATP

filtration

Is the movement of water and solutes from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure that is created by the weight of fluid

Cystic fibrosis

Genetic defect in transport of substances through cell membrane