Cell Structure and Division€¦ · The diagram below shows a cell. Which type of cell structure...

Biology Final 2011-2012 » Form A (Master Copy)

Go on to the next page »

DataDirector Assessment ID: 66563 of 33 © 2011 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

Directions: Review the content below and answer the questions that follow

Cell Structure and Division

The diagrams below show the structure of many different cells.

1. Which statement BEST describes the structure andfunction of the cells shown in Slide 1 and Slide 2?

A. The cells are similar in structure and performsimilar functions.

B. The cells are similar in structure but performdifferent functions.

C. The cells are different in structure but performsimilar functions.

D. The cells are different in structure and performdifferent functions.

2. Gus observed the animal cell shown in Slide 1. Hethen observed the unicellular organism shown in Slide4. Based on his observations, which conclusion willGus MOST LIKELY reach about the organelles ofunicellular and multicellular organisms?

A. Multicellular organisms contain more complexorganelles than unicellular organisms.

B. Unicellular organisms contain organelles that aresimilar to the organelles of multicellular organisms.

C.Unicellular organisms have evolved frommulticellular organisms and therefore contain thesame organelles.

D.Multicellular organisms are composed of manyunicellular organisms and therefore contain thesame organelles.




Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.

3. The table below shows the characteristics of four cellsthat students are comparing under a microscope.

Which cell in the table is MOST LIKELY a eukaryoticplant cell?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

4. The diagram below shows a cell.

Which type of cell structure provides chemical energyfor the cell?

A. Structure 1

B. Structure 2

C. Structure 3

D. Structure 4

5. Which of these is both a reactant of photosynthesisand a product of cellular respiration?

A. ATP

B. oxygen

C. glucose

D. carbon dioxide

6. One difference between plants and animals is thatplants are

A. prokaryotic and animals are eukaryotic.

B. eukaryotic and animals are prokaryotic.

C. autotrophs and animals are heterotrophs.

D. heterotrophs and animals are autotrophs.




7. Which statement BEST describes the transfer ofenergy between the processes of photosynthesis andcellular respiration?

A.ATP is produced during cellular respiration, whichis then used during photosynthesis to produceglucose.

B.Glucose is used during photosynthesis to produceATP, which is then used during cellular respirationto create proteins.

C.Carbon dioxide and glucose are producedduring cellular respiration and are used duringphotosynthesis to harness energy from the Sun.

D.Oxygen and glucose are produced duringphotosynthesis and are used during cellularrespiration to perform vital cellular functions.

8. What is the source of energy for photosynthesis?

A. the Sun

B. Earth's internal heat

C. radioactive decay

D. nuclear fission





9. Refer to the illustration above. The cell uses structure3

A. to transport material from one part of the cell toanother.

B. to package proteins so they can be stored by thecell.

C. as a receptor protein.

D. to produce ATP.

10. Refer to the illustration above. Structure 5 is

A. part of the endoplasmic reticulum.

B. a Golgi apparatus.

C. a mitochondrion.

D. the nucleus.





11. A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain largenumbers of

A. chromosomes.

B. vacuoles.

C. mitochondria.

D. lysosomes.

12. Energy is released when glucose is converted tocarbon dioxide in the

A. cell membrane.

B. mitochondria.

C. ribosomes.

D. chloroplasts.

13.

P: Phosphate groupD: Sugar (deoxyribose)N: Nitrogen base

The diagram above represents a molecule of a(n)

A. codon.

B. nucleotide.

C. amino acid.

D. nucleic acid.

14. All organic compounds contain the element

A. carbon.

B. nitrogen.

C. calcium.

D. sodium.





Using the information you have learned about cell reproduction, infer answers to the questions below about a cell witha diploid number of 4 chromosomes. Select from among the diagrams below, labeled A, B, C, D, and E, to answer thequestions.

15. Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at thebeginning of mitosis?

A. B

B. C

C. D

D. E

16. Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at the endof mitosis?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D





17. Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is

A. mitosis.

B. chromosomal mutation.

C. meiosis.

D. dominance.





18. Which of these statements about somatic cells insexually reproducing organisms is true?

A. Mutations in somatic cells cannot be passed tooffspring.

B. Technology is currently unable to map the genesof somatic cells.

C. Most mutations in somatic cells cause functionallydifferent proteins to develop.

D.Ribosomes in somatic cells stop the deletionof base pairs, preventing changes in proteinsequence from occurring.

19. How many human sperm cells will be formed by a cellthat undergoes meiosis?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 8

20. The chromosome of a bacterium

A. is wrapped around proteins.

B. has a circular shape.

C. occurs in multiple pairs within the cell.

D. is found within the nucleus.

21. A specific genetic trait is determined by a dominantor recessive allele. Which of these describes how thealleles sort themselves during gamete production?

A. Only the dominant allele is passed on to eachgamete.

B. Only the recessive allele is passed on to eachgamete.

C. Both dominant and recessive alleles appear ineach gamete.

D. The dominant and recessive alleles separate andappear in separate gametes.

22. The table below indicates the alleles present in a sexcell about to undergo meiosis. Ted believes that thealleles of one daughter cell may be ABCD, while Ritabelieves they may be ABcd.

When the cell undergoes meiosis, how likely are thesecombinations of alleles to result?

A. Ted's combination and Rita's combination areequally likely.

B. Ted's combination is likely, but Rita's combinationis impossible.

C. Rita's combination is likely, but Ted's combinationis impossible.

D. Both combinations are possible, but Ted'scombination is more likely.

23. During meiosis the arrangement and segregation ofchromosomes ensures

A. the production of four identical gametes.

B. that chromosome pairs will remain connected.

C. that all of the offspring will be identical to oneanother.

D. the random assortment of chromosomes indaughter cells.




24. In humans, which parent's genotype determines thesex of offspring?

A. the father

B. the mother

C. both parents

D. neither parent

25. Which chromosome(s) does a human male inheritfrom his mother?

A. X chromosome

B. Y chromosome

C. both sex chromosomes

D. neither sex chromosome





Parental Genetics

These three karyotypes show a mother, a father, and their offspring. Each pair of chromosomes for the mother have thelabels A and B; each pair for the father have the labels C and D. Each pair of chromosomes for the offspring is a randomcombination of either A or B with either C or D. The sex chromosomes are labeled either X or Y. The labels show whichchromosome each parent donated to the offspring. They do not indicate specific genes or alleles on the chromosomes.




26. If chromosomes A and C on pair #14 carry thedominant allele for brown eyes, and chromosomes Band D on pair #14 carry the recessive allele for blueeyes, what is the eye color of the daughter?

A. The daughter will have blue eyes.

B. The daughter will have green eyes.

C. The daughter will have brown eyes.

D. The daughter will have one brown eye and oneblue eye.

27. Which statement BEST explains how Mendel’s law ofsegregation is demonstrated in the genetic makeup ofthe daughter?

A.A random chromosome, A, B, C, or D, for eachpair is inherited from each respective parent bythe daughter.

B.The A chromosome from the mother and the Cchromosome from the father are segregated andsent to the daughter.

C.The B chromosome from the mother and the Dchromosome from the father are segregated andsent to the daughter.

D.The A and B chromosome from the mother andthe C and D chromosome from the father are sentalternately for each pair in the daughter.





In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Consider the following cross between two rabbits.




28. Refer to the illustration above. The genotypic ratio ofthe F1 generation would be

A. 1:1

B. 3:1.

C. 1:3.

D. 1:2:1.

29. Refer to the illustration above. The phenotype of theoffspring indicated by box 3 would be

A. brown.

B. black.

C. a mixture of brown and black.

D. None of the above





Mendel's Experiments

In the 1860s, Gregor Mendel, an Austrian scientist, began a series of experiments to learn how traits are passed fromgeneration to generation. He used pea plants with different flower colors. He concluded that the plants had a factor thatdetermined flower color and that the factor could be passed from parent to offspring.

Mendel performed thousands of these experiments and recorded the details of the parent plants as well as the offspring ofthose plants. By analyzing the data, Mendel determined the laws of inheritance that predict the inheritance of traits. Theseprinciples are now known as Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance.

Although Mendel published a paper describing his findings in 1866, his work did not become widely known until after 1900,when three European scientists read the paper and realized its importance.

At the time of his experiments, Mendel did not know that the factors determining inheritance were genes. Years after Mendel’sresearch, scientists discovered the structure of genetic material, which explained the mechanism of Mendel’s Laws ofInheritance. Since then, much more work has been done in the field of genetic research.

30. Which statement BEST describes how the knowledgegained through Mendel’s work became available toothers?

A. Mendel's work became available to scientistswhen the Internet was invented.

B. As soon as Mendel's work was discovered, itmade headlines all around the world.

C. Mendel's work was withheld from the generalpublic until its validity was tested many times.

D.After scientists recognized the importance ofMendel's work, the information became availableto everyone.





31. Refer to the illustration above. The structures labeled4 are

A. vesicles.

B. lysosomes.

C. ribosomes.

D. chloroplasts.

32. Refer to the illustration above. Which structurepackages and distributes proteins and lipids?

A. structure 1

B. structure 2

C. structure 3

D. structure 4





33. What is the purpose of a stop codon?

A. to signal the end of a growing chain of aminoacids

B. to signal the end of an intron being cut out of anRNA transcript

C. to signal the end of a tRNA molecule where it linksto an amino acid

D. to signal the end of a growing strand of mRNA asit is transcribed from DNA

34. The table below shows the genetic code used totranslate RNA sequences into amino acid sequences.

The figure below shows the first 10 nucleic acids in astrand of RNA.

Below are some possible mutations at position 6 of thegiven strand. Which mutation would not change theamino acid sequence of the resulting protein?

A. if G is deleted

B. if G is changed to A

C. if G is changed to C

D. if an extra G is inserted





Protein Synthesis

Traits in DNA are expressed through the process of protein synthesis, several stages of which are shown below. Theexpression of traits in DNA can be affected by external agents, such as chemicals or high-energy radiation.

35. What is the function of DNA in stage 1 of the process?

A. It transfers amino acids to the ribosomes.

B. It codes for protein synthesis by first coding forRNA.

C. It binds various molecules necessary for proteinsynthesis.

D. It translates bases into codons that are thentransferred to RNA.

36. Which of these BEST describes how DNA and RNAdiffer based on each of their functions in this process?

A.DNA stores the information for protein synthesis,and RNA carries out the instructions encoded inDNA.

B.DNA carries the genetic information copied fromRNA, and RNA assembles the amino acids in thecorrect sequence.

C.DNA carries the amino acids to the ribosomes forprotein synthesis, and RNA carries the geneticcode into the cytoplasm.

D.DNA catalyzes the assembling of amino acids intoprotein chains, and RNA binds various moleculesnecessary for protein synthesis.




37. What is the role of RNA polymerase in stage 1 of theprocess shown in the diagram?

A. It transfers messages to the amino acids.

B. It transcribes RNA from a DNA template.

C. It strengthens the DNA strand during replication.

D. It speeds up the translation of mRNA to theribosomes.





38. The enzymes that unwind DNA are called

A. double helixes.

B. DNA helicases.

C. forks.

D. phages.

39. Transcription is the process by which geneticinformation encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)

A. RNA molecule.

B. DNA molecule.

C. uracil molecule.

D. transposon.

40. The sequence A-T-T-C-G in DNA would be convertedinto which of the following mRNA sequences?

A. A-U-U-C-G

B. T-A-A-G-C

C. U-A-A-G-C

D. G-C-C-U-A

41. A species of herbivore from South Americawas accidentally released into an ecosystem in Africa,as shown in the map below. Over time, the nonnativeherbivore caused the extinction of one type of plant inthe ecosystem in Africa.

What is the MOST LIKELY impact that the extinction ofa plant could have on an ecosystem?

A. Animals that depend on the extinct plant willdecrease in number.

B. Less carbon dioxide will be released due to theloss of the plants.

C. Herbivores that rely on the extinct plant may preyon other organisms.

D. Other organisms such as fungi will becomeproducers to replace the extinct plant.

42. In a balanced ecosystem with predators and prey, ifthe number of prey decreases

A. the number of predators will decrease.

B. new predators will move into the area.

C. there will be no change in the ecosystem.

D. the number of prey will eventually increase.




43. Biodiversity is greatest in the tropics and decreasestoward both poles. For example, many morespecies of birds exist in Central America than inthe Arctic. Based on data collected, scientists haveproposed many different, reasonable explanations forthis pattern.

Which of these statements BEST explains thispattern?

A. Tropical ecosystems contain fewer diversehabitats than arctic ecosystems.

B. Arctic ecosystems have more predictable climatesthan tropical ecosystems.

C.Tropical ecosystems receive more sunlight, whichallows for more productivity of plants than arcticecosystems.

D.Arctic ecosystems are older, so organisms havehad more time to evolve than organisms in tropicalecosystems.





Antarctic Food Web

44. Glacier melting has caused a decrease in the salinityof the Antarctic Ocean. As a result, the number ofdiatoms, a type of phytoplankton, has decreased.Which of these is the MOST LIKELY result of thereduction of ocean salinity in the Antarctic?

A. an increase in the energy available to the krill

B. a decrease in the energy available to the algae

C. a decrease in the population of all the organismsof the food web

D. an increase in the population of organisms thatfeed on phytoplankton

45. Some studies indicate that global warming may becausing a decline in the population of krill in theAntarctic. Which organism in the Antarctic food webis LEAST LIKELY to be affected by this decline in thepopulation of krill?

A. fish

B. penguins

C. phytoplankton

D. carnivorous zooplankton

46. Algae found in the Antarctic grow on the undersideof sea ice. Over the past thirty years the number ofalgae in the Antarctic has decreased. In which way arehumans MOST LIKELY contributing to the decrease inthe number of algae in the Antarctic?

A. over-hunting krill in the Antarctic, which reducesthe food supply for algae

B. burning fossil fuel, which increases globaltemperatures and melts ice in the Antarctic

C.mining for coal in the Antarctic, which releasescarbon dioxide into the air and leads to globalwarming

D.using fertilizers that drain into the ocean andreduce the number of zooplankton, on which thealgae feed





47. Scientists on an island tracked the populationof a particular species of rodent over a ten-yearperiod. Their data are shown in the graph below.

Which of the following statements describes apossible cause of the trend observed in the populationduring this period?

A. The death rate was greater than the birth rate.

B. The birth rate was greater than the death rate.

C. The birth rate and the death rate were balanced.

D. The birth rate and the death rate were both zero.

48. The food chain below represents the interdependenceof living organisms in a pond.

If the tadpoles were removed from the pool,which population would be MOST LIKELY to increase?

A. the algae population

B. the water flea population

C. the dragonfly nymph population

D. the water stick insect population

49. In some aquatic food chains, mackerel are preyedupon by tuna, yet the size of the mackerel populationremains constant. Which statement BEST explainswhy the mackerel population is maintained in this foodchain?

A. They mate only once before dying.

B. They are rarely eaten by many tuna.

C. They reproduce to give birth to new fish.

D. They are able to protect themselves from tuna.





Energy from the Sun

The diagram below shows how energy moves through an ecosystem.

50. In the food chain shown on the right side of thediagram, which organism receives the maximumuseful energy?

A. hawk

B. plant

C. rat

D. snake

51. Using the diagram, what can be BEST concludedabout useful energy?

A. Some useful energy is lost as heat at all levelsbecause energy transfer is not efficient.

B. Minimum useful energy is lost as heat at level 1because energy transfer is not efficient.

C. Maximum useful energy is lost as heat at level 1because energy transfer is not efficient.

D. Most of the useful energy is lost as heat at alllevels because energy transfer is not efficient.

52. Which inference can be derived about the energytransfer at level 2?

A.90% of the energy released by the Sun is used bythe rat, and the rest of the energy is released asheat.

B.90% of the energy released by the plant is usedby the rat, and the rest of the energy is releasedas heat.

C.10% of the energy released by the Sun is used bythe rat, and the rest of the energy is released asheat.

D.10% of the energy released by the plant is usedby the rat, and the rest of the energy is releasedas heat.





53. In the oxygen–carbon dioxide cycle,

A. animals produce oxygen used by plants forphotosynthesis.

B. animals produce oxygen used by plants forrespiration.

C. animals produce carbon dioxide used by plants forphotosynthesis.

D. animals produce carbon dioxide used by plants forrespiration.

54. Energy flows from the sun through the living worldwhen

A. plants capture sunlight and producecarbohydrates.

B. animals eat plants.

C. animals eat other animals that have eaten plants.

D. All of the above





55. Refer to the illustration above. Level A is composed of

A. carnivores.

B. herbivores.

C. producers.

D. omnivores.





56. Antibiotics are used to prevent bacterial growth orkill bacteria in the human body. However, continuoususe of antibiotics has led to the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Which process favored theadaptation of biological resistance during the evolutionof the bacteria?

A. mutation

B. replication

C. gene migration

D. natural selection

57. Before increased carbon dioxide emissions, thepeppered moth found in a certain area of Great Britainwas white in color. Over time, this peppered mothbecame darker gray, as shown below.

Very few white peppered moths now exist in this area.Which of these MOST LIKELY contributed to thechange in color of this peppered moth?

A. variation and increased mating

B. mutation and selective breeding

C. adaptation and natural selection

D. selective breeding and adaptation

58. The various species of finches found in the GalapagosIslands evolved with beaks of different sizes andshapes.

Which factor MOST LIKELY led to these variations inthe species of finches?

A. The species of finches adapted to a variety offeeding conditions.

B. The species of finches lived in regions withdifferent temperatures.

C. The species of finches mated with a variety ofother bird species in different regions.

D. The species of finches adapted to protectthemselves from predators of different sizes.

59. An allele that is lethal when homozygous is maintainedat a constant rate in a population. Why doesn't thislethal allele disappear from the population?

A. Heterozygotes pass on the allele.

B. Homozygotes pass on the allele.

C. Heterozygotes benefit from the allele.

D. Homozygotes benefit from the allele.

60. A population of spiders has two common phenotypes:a tan form and a brown form. Often white spiders areproduced when two tan spiders mate, but the whitespiders always die before they can reproduce. What isthe best genetic explanation for the existence of whitespiders?

A. They are a result of spontaneous mutation.

B. They are dominant heterozygotes.

C. They are dominant homozygotes.

D. They are recessive homozygotes.




61. Caterpillars have ways to protect themselves frompredators. Caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly havea poison at the end of their hairs. If an ant touches thepoisoned hairs, the ant backs away and cleans itself.How do the caterpillars produce the poison?

A. Caterpillars learn how from their parents.

B. Caterpillars steal it from other caterpillars.

C. Caterpillars learn how from other caterpillars.

D. Caterpillars inherit the ability from their parents.

62. A scientist observes that when a pesticide iscontinuously used to kill insects, the pesticidebecomes less effective over a period of time. Whichstatement BEST explains why some insects are ableto survive the use of pesticides?

A. Some individuals are able to successfully matenumerous times before dying.

B. Selective individuals choose mates based on thesurvivability of their genetic traits.

C. Successful individuals mate randomly to developbiological resistance in the population.

D.Some individuals with more favorable genetictraits due to random mutations are able toreproduce.

63. The World Health Organization determined thatinsecticides are often initially effective at getting rid ofmosquitoes. However, they are unable to eradicatemosquitoes completely from a region. Which of theseis MOST LIKELY the reason for the insecticides'inability to completely rid a region of mosquitoes?

A. Instructions to use insecticides are not properlyfollowed.

B. Insecticides available in the market are noteffective enough.

C. Through natural selection some of the mosquitoessurvive and repopulate the area.

D.Some mosquitoes sense the insecticide andare able to adapt so as to not be affected by theinsecticide.

64. A tropical rain forest in Brazil is being destroyed tomake room for cattle to graze. An increase in whichof these would BEST help the rain forest ecosystemto withstand environmental disasters and changes?

A. types of native organisms

B. predators in the ecosystem

C. organisms emigrating from the ecosystem

D. number of years that each organism lives





Peppered Moths

A large population of peppered moths live in the forests of Manchester. Before the Industrial Revolution, most of the pepperedmoths in the area were light in color, and a few moths were dark. The trunks of the trees in the forest around Manchesterhad been a light gray color for hundreds of years. However, during the Industrial Revolution, several factories were built inthe surrounding town. These factories relied on burning coal for fuel. As the Industrial Revolution progressed and additionalfactories were built, the tree trunks became covered with soot and turned almost black. During this same time, the darkvariety of the peppered moths became more common. The chart below details how many dark moths and light moths werecaught in a certain amount of time.

65. Based on the information in the graph, what will MOSTLIKELY happen to the moths in Manchester over thenext several years?

A.The number of light-colored moths will increaseand the dark-colored moths will migrate away fromManchester.

B. The number of dark-colored moths will increaseand the light-colored moths will eventually die out.

C. The number of dark-colored moths will stabilizeand the light-colored moths will begin to increase.

D. The number of light-colored moths will stablizeand the dark-colored moths will die out.

66. Which of the following MOST LIKELY explains thetrend displayed in the graph?

A. The dark-colored moths swarmed the area andforced the light-colored moths to leave.

B. The spots on the light-colored moths grew bigger,until the moths were completely dark.

C. The light-colored moths became an easy target forpredators against the dark tree trunks.

D. The light-colored moths began to consume thesoot and that caused them to change color.

67. Using the chart and information provided, how are thepopulations of light and dark moths changing?

A.The population of dark-colored moths is thrivingwhile the light-colored moths are nearingextinction.

B. The population of light-colored moths is thrivingwhile the dark-colored moths is decreasing.

C. Both populations are nearing extinction.

D. Both populations are thriving.





68. Dr. Martinez is studying two isolated islands recentlydiscovered by humans, as shown below. Island 1 hasonly one species of bird. Island 2 has several hundreddifferent species of birds. Humans are planning todevelop communities on both islands.

Dr. Martinez hypothesizes that Island 2 is most likely tomaintain some of its bird biodiversity. Which reasoningBEST supports his hypothesis?

A.Diversity in species increases the chance that atleast some organisms survive major changes inthe environment.

B. The different species of birds on the second islandwill adapt to protect themselves from the humans.

C.Humans are likely to recognize the secondisland’s great biodiversity and will take great careto preserve all of its species.

D.The different species of birds are used to fightingwith each other, and their aggressiveness willdeter humans from settling on the second island.

69. A change in the frequency of a particular gene in onedirection in a population is a result of

A. natural selection.

B. acquired variation.

C. chromosome drift.

D. balancing selection.

70. Many species of birds evolved on an island. Eachspecies had adapted to eat a different type offruit or seed. When humans colonized the island,their activities caused many plant species tobecome extinct. While many bird species diedout, some survived. Which statement is the MOSTLIKELY explanation for why some bird species diedout and some survived?

A. Some bird species were adapted to eat the fruit orseeds of the plants that remained.

B. The decrease in diversity of plants caused newmutations that allowed some birds to adapt.

C. The environmental changes reduced competitionfor food among bird species on the island.

D.Some birds wanted so strongly to survive that theychanged their diet to eat the available types ofseeds and fruits.

71. Which of these would be MOST helpful to a scientiststudying how organisms on Earth have changed overtime?

A. the structure and DNA of organisms living today

B. the fossilized remains and structure of organismsthat lived long ago

C. the DNA of organisms living today and thefossilized remains of organisms that lived long ago

D. the fossilized remains of organisms that lived longago and the structure of organisms living today




72. A geologist analyzed the trilobite and mollusk remainsin a section of rock, as shown in the table below. Layer1 was at the top of the rock formation, and layer 5 wasat the bottom.

Which interpretation BEST explains these findings?

A. The rapid diversification of the mollusks causedthe extinction of the trilobites.

B. The evolution and diversification of the trilobitescaused the extinction of the mollusks.

C. The extinction of most species of mollusk gave thetrilobites a chance to evolve and diversify.

D.The extinction of the trilobites was followed, butnot immediately, by the diversification of themollusks.

73. A fossil of archaeopteryx shows the followingcharacteristics:

• full set of teeth• long, bony tail• skeleton with a covering of feathers

Which statement is the BEST conclusion based onthese characteristics of archaeopteryx?

A. Birds and reptiles share a common ancestor.

B. Birds and bony fish share a common ancestor.

C. Birds and amphibians share a common ancestor.

D. Birds and jawless fish share a common ancestor.





74. Refer to the illustration above. This structure is foundin the

A. kidney.

B. esophagus.

C. small intestine.

D. tongue.





75. The actions of the nervous system and the endocrinesystem affect the body's activities. Which of thesestatements describes one way that the nervoussystem and endocrine system are similar?

A. Both have receptor cells on the surface of thebody.

B. Both affect organs and tissues at the same rate.

C. Both provide information that regulates bodyprocesses.

D. Both are controlled by chemical signals from theheart.

76. The heart and the blood vessels are separate organsthat form the

A. skeletal system.

B. circulatory system.

C. reproductive system.

D. digestive system.

77. How does the brain control generalized activities of thebody, such as a person's growth rate and metabolism?

A. The brain transmits signals through neurons to agland, which releases hormones into the blood.

B.The brain sends hormones through thebloodstream to the part of the body that requiresgrowth.

C.The pituitary gland sends electrical signals tothe nervous system, which controls the body'sactivities.

D.Hormones released from glands are carried byneurons in the nervous system to different areasof the body.

78. The autonomic nervous system controls

A. reflexes.

B. voluntary movement.

C. involuntary functions of the internal organs.

D. locomotion.

79. Nodes of Ranvier

A. strengthen axons.

B. slow nerve impulses.

C. occur in malfunctioning axons.

D. are gaps in the myelin sheath.

80. Desmond accidentally cut his finger, causing it tobleed. Which risk is Desmond MOST LIKELY exposedto if the wound does not heal?

A. Fluids lost through the wound will cause Desmondto dehydrate.

B. Bacteria or viruses will enter Desmond's skin andcause infection or disease.

C. Immune-system cells will overreact and wasteenergy fighting Desmond's own cells.

D. The wound will become larger and cause more ofDesmond's skin to become weak or tear.

81. A man has a cut on his arm. Which statementidentifies the MOST LIKELY threat to this man'shealth?

A. The cut will require energy to heal.

B. The cut will allow heat to leave the body.

C. The cut will expose the body to infection.

D. The cut will prevent new skin from growing over it.

82. A disease-causing agent is called a(n)

A. interferon.

B. pathogen.

C. infection.

D. fungi.




83. How is bacteria growth different from virus growth?

A. bacteria grow faster

B. virus require a host cell

C. bacteria are more deadly

D. virus do not require nutrients

84. Defending the body against bacterial infection andinvasion by foreign substances is a function of

A. red blood cells.

B. plasma.

C. platelets.

D. white blood cells.

85. Red blood cells

A. transport respiratory gases.

B. combat bacterial infection.

C. destroy viruses.

D. transport cholesterol.

Stop! You have finished this exam.

Cell Structure and Division€¦ · The diagram below shows a cell. Which type of cell structure...

Documents

Transcript of Cell Structure and Division€¦ · The diagram below shows a cell. Which type of cell structure...