Post on 19-Jul-2015
This is a prokaryotic cell
Is a single celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
Its DNA is locked in the cytoplasm.
Four “Classes” of Eukaryotic CellsThere are 4 classes of eukaryotic cells.
Will only discuss 2; Plant & Animal cells -
Plant cells Animal Cells
Cell Differentiation
Each kind of cell has a DIFFERENT job to do…it is specialized.
I am a heart cell! I am a
skin cellI’m a
Prison Cell!
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane holds the cell together and allows nutrients into the cell.
It’s just like a turtle’s skin - the cell membrane is on the edge of a cell.
Cell Wall
Cell Walls are only in plant cellsThey make the cell strong and rigidThey are like a turtle’s shell (but only
plants have them…that’s why grass stands straight up!)
CytoplasmCytoplasm is the watery gel (Jello!)
inside a cell….it’s goop! It holds the ORGANelles.
Cytoplasm is like the turtles blood and other liquids.
Mitochondria Mitochondria is an ORGANelle that releases energy from
food. Every type of cell has a different amount of mitochondria.
There are more mitochondria in cells that have to perform lots of work, for example - your leg muscle cells. Other cells need less energy to do their work and have less mitochondria.
Mitochondria is like a turtle’s stomach.
Nucleus
The nucleus controls the cell. It is the largest organelle in the cell and
contains the cell’s DNA. The nucleus is like the turtle’s brain.
Nucleolus
Inside the nucleus is another organelle called the nucleolus.
It is responsible for making ribosomes. It is similar to all the neuron pathways inside
a turtle’s brain.
Chromosomes Chromosomes are inside the nucleus and
are made of genes (DNA). Genes decide the cells traits and activities
(heart cell, eye cell - such as color).
Nuclear Membrane
The nuclear membrane allows substances to pass in and out of the nucleus.
It surrounds the nucleus (the brain) like the turtle’s skull…protects it.
Vacuoles
Vacuoles are spaces in the cytoplasm (gel) where food and chemicals are stored
It’s like “fat” on a turtle
I am NOT fat…I’m just a little plump!!
Endoplasmic Reticulum
It is a network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.
It helps to move materials around the cell. It is much like the blood vessels throughout a turtle.
Golgi apparatus
It is organelle in the cell that is responsible for sorting and correctly shipping the proteins produced in the ER.
The Golgi apparatus are stacks of membrane-covered sacs.
They also package proteins to be moved out of the cell. It’s like the digestive system of a turtle.
Ribosomes
Organelles that help in the synthesis of proteins. Some ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, but most are
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. While attached to the ER, ribosomes make proteins that the cell needs and also ones to be exported from the cell for work elsewhere in the body.
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes function as the cell's recycling compartment.
• Lysosomes contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, wastes, and worn out cell parts.
• It’s similar to the turtle’s digestive system!
The lysosomes are stained RED!
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are only in plant cellsThey contain chlorophyll, which helps
make energy/food from sunlightChlorophyll is green in color.
I’m green…do I have chloroplasts?
What’s the Difference?
So what are two things that Plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
?
Chloroplasts, vacuoles, & Cell Walls
This PowerPoint presentation has been adapted and modified by Dorothy Moore. Obtained from Biology PowerPoints: Cell Vocabulary, by Mr. Ryan submitted 12/09/06 at www.worldofteaching.com/biologypowerpoints.html