Post on 18-Dec-2015
Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton
Forensic Anthropology
Parts of the Skeletal System
• Axial skeleton– Skull, vertebral column, ribs
• Appendicular skeleton– Upper & lower limb bones,
pectoral & pelvic girdles
Clavicle
Scapula
Costals (Ribs)
Sternum
Thoracic Cage True ribs (pairs 1 – 7)False ribs (pairs 8 – 12)Floating ribs (pairs 11 – 12)
Parts of Sternum:•Manubrium•Body•Xiphoid Process
Vertebra
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Sternum
ClavicleScapula
Costals (Ribs)Humerus
VertebraUlna
Radius
Sacrum
Sacrum & Coccyx
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
1. Sacrum
8. Coccyx
2. Ilium
3. Ischiuim
4. Pubis6. Acetabulum
7. Obturator Foramen
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Ilium
Ischium
Femur
Fibula
SacrumPubis
Patella
Tibia
Bones of the Hand
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
Metacarpels
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
Phalanges
Metacarpels
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
Bones of the Foot
Bones of the Foot
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
The Tales that Bones Tell
Forensic Anthropology
= Analysis of skeletal remains within a legal investigation
• Physical anthropologist = osteologist
• Training = BS physical anthropology
MS osteology
Biological Identity (who was it?)
• Age
• Sex
• Previous injuries
• Cause of death
• Race
• Stature/weight
Approximate Age?
IN CHILDREN:• The cranium is much
larger in relation to the face and mandible
• The mandible and maxilla become larger as permanent molars begin to erupt
Child 4 years old
Fusing of Skull
• Appearance of sutures can give approximate age
• In infants there are large gaps which close slowly over time
• Head of Femur: 19 – 20 years
• Part of hip: 24 years
• Female bones stop growing in length usually 1-2 years before male bones
Epiphyseal Fusion
Other factors telling about age
• Bone density - drops after 40
• Pelvic joint morphology- ridge detail wears out over time
• Dental changes
Skull & pelvis are the two most sexually dimorphic areas
Appendicular Skeleton Activity
• Excellent site to study:
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/skeletalsystem/skeleton/menu/menu.html