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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RajasthanRajasthan

Contents:-  History/ Geography/ Economy/ Tourism/ Culture/ Administration/ Government/ Politics/ Districts/ Demographics/ Flora and fauna/ Wildlife/ Transport/ Important cities and towns/ Statistics 

Rājasthān  (Rajasthani:   , pronounced d n  (  listen)) (the land of colour s [1]) the land of 

Rajasthanis, is the largest  state  of the Republic of India  by area. It encompasses most of the area of the large,

inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert), which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan. It is one of the most beautiful states of India which attracts very large number of domestic andforeign tourists in India. The state is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh tothe southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers an area of 132,150sq mi or 342,239 km². The proportion of the state's total area to the total area of the country is 10.41 per cent.

Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the state. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-westernRajasthan and the termination of the Ghaggar River  near the archaeological ruins at Kalibanga, which are the oldest inthe subcontinent discovered so far.

One of the world's oldest mountain ranges, the Aravalli Range, cradles the only hill station of Rajasthan, Mount Abu, 

famous for  Dilwara Temples, a sacred pilgrimage for  Jains. Eastern Rajasthan has the world famous Keoladeo National Park  near  Bharatpur , once famous for its bird life and is a World Heritage Site and two famous national tiger reserves, Ranthambore  and Sariska Tiger Reserve. Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949, when all erstwhile princely states ruled by Rajputs, known as Rajputana, merged into the Dominion of India. 

It was essentially the country of the Gurjars.[2] Historian R. C. Majumdar  explained that the region was long known asGurjaratra (Country protected by the Gurjars or  Gurjar  nation), early form of Gujarat, before it came to be calledRajputana, early in the Muslim period.[3] The historian John Keay in his book, India: A History stated that, Rajputana name was given by Britishers  and The word even achieved a retrospective authenticity, in 1829 translation of Ferishta's history of early Islamic India, John Briggs discarded the phrase Indian princes, as rendered in Dow's earlier version, and substituted Rajpoot princes.[4] 

The only difference between erstwhile Rajputana and Rajasthan is that certain portions of what had been British India, in the former province of  Ajmer-Merwara, were included. Portions lying geographically outside of Rajputana such asthe Sumel-Tappa area were included in Madhya Pradesh.[citation needed ] 

History

Main article: History of Rajasthan Gurjar Pratihars domination around ninth century.Maharana Pratap Singh, legendary sixteenth century Rajput ruler of Rajasthan.The iconic Mehrangarh Fort  built by Rao Jodha in 1459.The Chittorgarh Fort is one of the largest forts in Asia.

Hawa Mahal or " Palace of Winds" in Jaipur . 

The  Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's first and oldest civilizations, was located in parts of what is nowRajasthan. Kalibangan  in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan was a major provincial capital of the Indus ValleyCivilization.[5]  It is believed that Western Kshatrapas  (35 – 405 BC) were Saka  rulers of the western part of India(Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan). They were successors to the Indo-Scythians, and were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. TheIndo-Scythians invaded the area of  Ujjain and establish the Saka era (with Saka calendar ), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps kingdom.[6] 

Traditionally the,Meenas , Rajputs, Yadavs, Jats,Bhils, Gurjars, , Bishnois and other tribes made a great contributionin building the state of Rajasthan. All these tribes suffered great difficulties in protecting their culture and the land.Millions[7] of them were martyred trying to protect their land. Gurjars had been exterminated in Bhinmal and Ajmer  areas fighting with the invaders.  Bhils once ruled Kota.[7] Meenas were rulers of  Bundi and Dhundhar  region.[citation

needed ] 

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Gurjars ruled many dynasties in this part of country.In fact this region was long known as Gurjaratra.[3] Up to thetenth century almost the whole of  North India, excepting  Bengal, owned supermacy of  Gurjars  with their seat of  power at Kannauj.[8] Gurjar Pratihars acted as barrier for  Arab invaders from 6th to 11th century.The chief credit of Gurjar Pratihar empire lies in its succecessful resistance to the foreign invasions from the west, from the days of Junaid.  Majumdar   says that this was frankly recognised by the Arab writers themselves.He further clears thatHistorians of India have wondered at the slow progress of Muslim invaders in India, as compared with their rapidadvance in other parts of the world.Now there can be little doubt that it was the power of the Gurjara Pratihara armythat effectively barred the progress of the Muslims beyond the confines of  Sindh, their first conquest for nearly three

hundred years.

[9]

 

The earlier contributions of warriors and protectors of the land (Vishnoi,Ahirs, Gurjars, Jats, Bhils and Meenas) wereneglected and lost in history due to stories of valour shown by certain specific clans in later years graining more prominence over older acts of bravery.[10] Rajasthan means the Land of the Kings. Modern Rajasthan includes most of Rajputana, which comprises mainly the erstwhile Rajput kingdoms as well as two Jat kingdoms and a Muslim kingdom. Marwar  (Jodhpur), Bikaner , Mewar  (Udaipur), Alwar  and Dhundhar  (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajputstates. The Jats were rulers in Bharatpur  and Dholpur . Tonk  was ruled by a Muslim  Nawab. Rajput families rose to prominence in the 6th century CE. The Rajputs put a very valiant resistance to the Islamic invasions and protected thisland with their warfare and chivalry for more than 500 years. They also resisted Mughal  incursions into India, butcontributed to the slower than anticipated access to the Indian Subcontinent. Later the Mughals, with a technique based on a combination of treachery and skilled warfare were able to set firm a grip on northern India, including

Rajasthan. The fighter spirit and valour of Rajputs impressed the Mughals to such an extent that even after defeatingthe Rajputs, the Mughals held their valour and value in the highest esteem. Mewar  led other kingdoms in its resistanceto outside rule. Most notably Rana Sanga  fought the Battle of Khanua  against Babur , the founder of the Mughalempire.

Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu Emperor, also known as Hemu in the History of India was born in thevillage of Machheri in Alwar District in the year 1501. He had won 22 battles against Afghans, from Punjab to Bengal and had defeated Akbar's forces twice at Agra  and Delhi  in 1556,[11]  before acceeding to the throne of Delhi  andestablishing 'Hindu Raj' in  North India, albeit for a short duration, from Purana Quila in Delhi. He was killed in theSecond Battle of Panipat. 

Maharana Pratap of  Mewar  resisted Akbar  in the famous Battle of Haldighati and later operated from hilly areas of hiskingdom. Bhils were Maharana's main allies during these wars. Most of these attacks were evenly met as the Mughalforces outnumbered Mewar Rajputs in all the wars fought between them. The Haldighati war was fought between10,000 Mewaris and a 100,000 strong Mughal force (including many Rajputs like Kachwahas from Dhundhar). Over the years the Mughals began to have internal disputes which took their concentration away at times. They also had tofight off  Pathan warriors from neighbouring Afghanistan and the newer enemy, the British Empire which consisted of large numbers of natives whilst engaging against various other regional powers such as the Persians. The MughalEmpire eventually weakened to which several groups across their kingdom (including Sikhs) saw opportunities toestablish their power whilst the army was fighting somewhere else. The Rajputs saw this as an opportunity to reasserttheir independence. With the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, Rajputana came under attack by theMarathas and Pindaris, and the Maratha general Scindia captured Ajmer. The Rajput kings following a rapid defeat,concluded treaties with the British in the early 19th century, accepting British sovereignty in return for local

autonomy. Following the Mughal tradition as well as its strategic location Ajmer   became a province of British India,while the autonomous Rajput states, the Muslim state Tonk , and the Jat states (Bharatpur  and Dholpur ) were organizedinto the Rajputana Agency. 

The Marwaris (people from Marwar ) and Rajasthan's formerly independent kingdom created a rich architectural andcultural heritage, seen even today in their numerous forts and palaces (Mahals and Havelis) which are enriched byfeatures of Muslim and Jain architecture. The development of the frescos in Rajasthan is linked with the history of theMarwaris, who have also played a crucial role in the economic development of the region. Many wealthy familiesthroughout  Indian history have links to Marwar . These families include the legendary Birla, Bhandari, Bajaj, Mittal and Mirza families.

Rajasthan is known for its famous stories within its very rich cultural history, one of which is the popular love story of 

a Rajput Princess, Juhi Saini and her beloved husband Chetan Sharma, who was a warrior ranked very high in theRajput army and was known for his acts of bravery. He saved Princess Juhi from any harm and problems sheencountered during her lifetime and their passionate heart-filled love story became a tale that is still told today to theyouths of Rajasthan. Princess Juhi and Warrior Chetan grew old together and were buried in the same spot together inthe gardens of Hawa Mahal, Jaipur.

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Geography

The Aravalli Range adds diversity to the landscape of Rajasthan. 

The Thar Desert 

The hills around Jaipur . 

The main geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and the Aravalli Range, which runs through the statefrom southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850 km. Mount Abu  is at thesouthwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River , although a series of brokenridges continues into Haryana in the direction of  Delhi where it can be seen as outcrops in the form of the Raisina Hill and the ridges farther north. About three-fifths of Rajasthan lies northwest of the Aravallis, leaving two-fifths on theeast and south.

The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of the region is covered by the Thar Desert, which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli Range does not intercept the moisture-givingsouthwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea, as it lies in a direction parallel to that of the coming monsoon winds,leaving the northwestern region in a rain shadow. The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the town of Bikaner   is thelargest city in the desert. The  Northwestern thorn scrub forests  lie in a band around the Thar Desert, between thedesert and the Aravallis. This region receives less than 400 mm of  rain in an average year. Temperatures can exceed45 °C in the summer months and drop below freezing in the winter. The Godwar , Marwar , and Shekhawati regions liein the thorn scrub forest zone, along with the city of  Jodhpur . The Luni River  and its tributaries are the major river system of Godwar and Marwar regions, draining the western slopes of the Aravallis and emptying southwest into thegreat Rann of Kutch wetland in neighboring Gujarat. This river is saline in the lower reaches and remains potable onlyup to Balotara in Barmer district. The Ghaggar River , which originates in  Haryana, is an intermittent stream thatdisappears into the sands of the Thar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as a remnant of the primitiveSaraswati river.

The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered.This region is home to the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests  ecoregion, with  tropical dry broadleaf forests  that

include teak ,  Acacia, and other trees. The hilly Vagad  region lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border withGujarat. With the exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the Mewar  region, home to the cities of  Udaipur  and Chittaurgarh. The Hadoti region lies to thesoutheast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar is the Dhundhar  region, home to the statecapital of  Jaipur .  Mewat, the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana  and Uttar Pradesh. Eastern andsoutheastern Rajasthan is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers, tributaries of the Ganges. 

The Aravali Range runs across the state from the southwest peak  Guru Shikhar   (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 m inheight, to  Khetri  in the northeast. This divides the state into 60% in the northwest of the range and 40% in thesoutheast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water but improves gradually from desert land inthe far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land towards the east. The area includes the Thar Desert. The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350 m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very

diversified topography. in the south lies the hilly tract of  Mewar . In the southeast, a large area within the districts of Kota and Bundi forms a tableland. To the northeast of these districts is a rugged region (badlands) following the lineof the Chambal River . Farther north the country levels out; the flat plains of the northeastern Bharatpur district are partof an alluvial  basin.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Rajasthan 

Industrial plant near Jodhpur, Rajasthan. 

Rajasthan's economy is primarily  agricultural and pastoral. Wheat and  barley are cultivated over large areas, as are pulses,  sugarcane, and oilseeds.  Cotton  and tobacco are the state's cash crops. Rajasthan is among the largest producers of  edible oils  in India and the second largest producer of oilseeds. Rajasthan is also the biggest wool- producing state in India and the main opium  producer and consumer. There are mainly two crop seasons. The water for irrigation comes from wells and tanks. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates northwestern Rajasthan.

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The main industries are mineral based, agriculture based, and textiles. Rajasthan is the second largest producer of  polyester  fibre in India. The Bhilwara District  produces more cloth than Bhiwandi, Maharashtra and the  bhilwara isthe largest city in suitings production and export. Several prominent chemical and engineering companies are locatedin the town of  Kota, in southern Rajasthan. Rajasthan is pre-eminent in quarrying and mining in India. The Taj Mahal was built from the white marble which was mined from a town called Makrana. The state is the second largest sourceof  cement in India. It has rich salt deposits at Sambhar , copper  mines at Khetri, Jhunjhunu and zinc mines at Dariba,Zawar mines at Zawarmala for  zinc, Rampura Aghucha (opencast) near  Bhilwara. Dimensional stone mining is alsoundertaken in Rajasthan. Jodhpur  sandstone is mostly used in monuments, important buildings, residential buildings,

etc. This stone is termed "chittar patthar".

Rajasthan is now the preferred destination for IT companies and North India's largest integrated IT park is located inJaipur   and is named as Mahindra World City  Jaipur   covering nearly 3,000 acres (12 km2) of land. Some of thecompanies operating in Rajasthan include  Infosys, Genpact, Wipro, Truworth, Deutsche Bank, NEI, MICO, HondaSiel Cars, Coca Cola and Procter & Gamble.

Tourism

Main article: Tourism in Rajasthan The Umaid Bhawan Palace is one of the largest royal palaces in the world.The Jain temple of  Ranakpur . 

Rajasthan attracted 14% of total foreign visitors during 2009-2010 which is fourth highest in all states of India. It positioned fourth place also in Domestic tourist visitors.[12] Endowed with natural beauty and a great history, tourismis a flourishing industry in Rajasthan. The palaces of Jaipur, lakes of Udaipur, and desert forts of Jodhpur, Bikaner &Jaisalmer rank among the most preferred destinations in India for many tourists both Indian and foreign. Tourismaccounts for eight percent of the state's domestic product. Many old and neglected palaces and forts have beenconverted into heritage hotels. Tourism has increased employment in the hospitality sector.

Rajasthan is famous for the majestic forts, intricately carved temples and decorated havelis, which were built byRajput kings in previous ages, they were the soul of pre-Muslim era Rajasthan.  Jantar Mantar ,  Dilwara Temples, Chittorgarh Fort,  Lake Palace, City Palaces, Jaisalmer   Havelis  are part of the true architectural heritage of India.Jaipur , the Pink City, is noted for the ancient houses made of a type of sand stone dominated by a pink hue. At Ajmer,

the white marble Bara-dari on the Anasagar  lake is exquisite. Jain Temples dot Rajasthan from north to south and eastto west. Dilwara Temples of  Mount Abu, Ranakpur Temple dedicated to Lord Adinath near  Udaipur , Jain temples inthe fort complexes of  Chittor , Jaisalmer  and Kumbhalgarh, Lodarva Jain temples, Bhandasar Temple of  Bikaner  aresome of the best examples.

Rajasthan is often called a shopper's paradise. Rajasthan is famous for textiles, semi-precious stones and handicrafts.The attractive designs of jewellery and clothes are eye-catching and invite shoppers. Rajasthani furniture has intricatecarvings and bright colours. Rajasthani handicrafts are in demand due to the intricate work on them. Above all,Rajasthan's shopping appeals to both tourists and people from other parts of India due to its cheap prices for qualitygoods.

Bikaner is famous for its namkeens, Jaipur for its jewellery, Jodhpur for sweets and Jaisalmer for yellow stone.

Culture

Camel ride in the Thar desert near Jaisalmer. 

A decorated Indian elephant during a fair in Jaipur, India 

Rajasthan is culturally rich and has artistic and cultural traditions which reflect the ancient Indian way of life. There isrich and varied  folk culture  from villages which is often depicted and is symbolic of the state. Highly cultivatedclassical music and dance with its own distinct style is part of the cultural tradition of Rajasthan. The music isuncomplicated and songs depict day-to-day relationships and chores, more often focused around fetching water from

wells or ponds.

The Ghoomar  dance from Udaipur and Kalbeliya dance of  Jaisalmer  have gained international recognition. Folk musicis a vital part of Rajasthani culture. Kathputali, Bhopa, Chang, Teratali, Ghindar, Kachchhighori, Tejaji etc. are theexamples of the traditional Rajasthani culture. Folk songs are commonly ballads which relate heroic deeds and love

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stories; and religious or devotional songs known as bhajans and banis (often accompanied by musical instruments likedholak , sitar , sarangi etc.) are also sung.Rajasthan is known for its traditional, colorful art. The block prints, tie and dye prints, Bagaru prints, Sanganer prints,and Zari  embroidery are major export products from Rajasthan. Handicraft items like wooden furniture andhandicrafts, carpets, and blue pottery are some of the things commonly found here. Rajasthan is a shoppers' paradise,with beautiful goods found at low prices. Reflecting the colorful Rajasthani culture, Rajasthani clothes have a lot of mirror-work and embroidery. A Rajasthani traditional dress for females comprises an ankle length skirt and a shorttop, also known as a lehenga or a chaniya choli. A piece of cloth is used to cover the head, both for protection from

heat and maintenance of modesty. Rajasthani dresses are usually designed in bright colours like blue, yellow andorange.The main religious festivals are Deepawali, Holi, Gangaur , Teej, Gogaji, Shri Devnarayan Jayanti, Makar Sankranti and Janmashtami, as the main religion is Hinduism. Rajasthan's desert festival is celebrated with great zest and zeal.This festival is held once a year during winter. Dressed in brilliantly hued costumes, the people of the desert dance andsing haunting ballads of valor, romance and tragedy. There are fairs with snake charmers, puppeteers, acrobats andfolk performers. Camels, of course, play a stellar role in this festival.Administration

Government

Main article: Government of Rajasthan The current government in Rajasthan is that of  Indian National Congress. The current Chief Minister is Ashok Gehlot. Politics

Main article: Politics of Rajasthan The Political life of Rajasthan is dominated by two major parties Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and Indian NationalCongress .Districts

Main article: Districts of Rajasthan Rajasthan is divided into 33 districts and seven divisions:

  Ajmer Division: Ajmer , Bhilwara,  Nagaur , Tonk .   Bharatpur Division: Bharatpur , Dholpur , Karauli, Sawai Madhopur .   Bikaner Division: Bikaner , Churu, Ganganagar , Hanumangarh.   Jaipur Division: Jaipur , Alwar , Jhunjhunu, Sikar , Dausa.   Jodhpur Division: Barmer , Jaisalmer , Jalore, Jodhpur , Pali, Sirohi.   Kota Division: Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar , Kota.   Udaipur Division: Banswara, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Dungarpur , Udaipur , Rajsamand 

Demographics

Locals performing traditional folk dance in Jaisalmer.Rajasthan has a mainly Rajasthani population. Hindus  account for 88.8% of the population.[14]  Muslims  make up8.5%, Sikhs 1.4% and Jains 1.2% of the population.[14] The state of Rajasthan is also populated by Sindhis, who cameto Rajasthan from Sindh province (now in Pakistan) during the India-Pakistan separation in 1947.The mother tongue of the majority of people in Rajasthan is Rajasthani. Rajasthani and Hindi are the most widely usedlanguages in Rajasthan. Rajasthani is used as a medium of instruction, along with Hindi and English, in some schools.Some other languages used in Rajasthan are Gujarati, Sindhi and Punjabi. See also: List of people from Rajasthan Flora and fauna

Chinkara 

Great Indian Bustard Though a large percentage of the total area is desert, and even though there is little forest cover, Rajasthan has a richand varied flora and fauna. The natural vegetation is classed as Northern Desert Thorn Forest (Champion 1936). Theseoccur in small clumps scattered in a more or less open forms. Density and size of patches increase from west to eastfollowing the increase in rainfall.Some wildlife species, which are fast vanishing in other parts of India, are found in the desert in large numbers such asthe Great Indian Bustard  (Ardeotis nigriceps), the Blackbuck   (Antilope cervicapra), the Indian Gazelle  (Gazellabennettii) and the Indian Wild Ass. 

The Desert National Park , Jaisalmer , spread over an area of 3162 km², is an excellent example of the ecosystem of theThar Desert, and its diverse fauna. Great Indian Bustard, Blackbuck, chinkara, desert fox, Bengal fox, wolf, desert catetc. can be easily seen here. Seashells and massive fossilized tree trunks in this park record the geological history of the desert. The region is a haven for   migratory and resident birds of the desert. One can see many  eagles, harriers, 

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falcons,  buzzards, kestrel and vultures. Short-toed Eagles (Circaetus gallicus), Tawny Eagles (Aquila rapax), SpottedEagles (Aquila clanga), Laggar Falcons (Falco jugger) and kestrels are the commonest of these.The Ranthambore National Park  located in Sawai Madhopur , is one of the finest Tiger Reserves in the Country which became a part of  Project Tiger  in 1973.The Sariska Tiger Reserve  located in Alwar  district, 200 km from Delhi and 107 km from Jaipur covers an area of approximately 800 km2.The area was declared a National Park in 1979.Tal Chhapar Sanctuary is a very small sanctuary in Sujangarh , Churu District, 210 km from Jaipur , in the Shekhawati region. This sanctuary is home to a large population of graceful Blackbuck. Desert Fox and desert cat can also be

spotted along with typical avifauna such as  partridge and sand grouse. Wildlife

Rajasthan is also noted for National Parks and Wildlife  Sanctuaries. There are four national park and wildlifesanctuaries named the Keoladeo National Park  of  Bharatpur , Sariska Tiger Reserve of Alwar, Ranthambore NationalPark  of Sawai Madhopur, and Desert National Park  of Jaisalmer.Ranthambore National Park and Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary both are known worldwide for their tiger population andconsidered by both wild lovers and photographers as the best places in India to spot tigers.some time before due to poaching and negligence tiger became extinct here, but recently 5 tigers have been shifted here to make them inhabithere. Besides, it houses several small wildlife sanctuaries and eco-tourism parks . Prominent among them are MountAbu Sanctuary, Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary, Darrah Sanctuary, Jaisamand Sanctuary, Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jawahar Sagar sanctuary and Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary.There are a variety of wildlife species in Rajasthan, notably including the apex predator  Caracal, Caracal caracal.[15] 

TransportRajasthan is connected by many national highways. Most renowned being NH 8, which is India's first 4 – 8 lanehighway. Rajasthan also has an inter-city surface transport system both in terms of railways and bus network. All chief cities are connected by air, rail and road.By Air: There are three main airports at Rajasthan- Jaipur airport, Udaipur airport and Jodhpur airport. These airportsconnect Rajasthan with the major cities of India such as Delhi and Mumbai.By Rail: Rajasthan is connected with the main cities of India by rail. Jaipur, Kota, Ajmer, Udaipur and Jodhpur arethe principal railway stations in Rajasthan. Kota City is the only Electrified Section served by three RajdhaniExpresses and trains to all cities of India.By Road: Rajasthan is well connected to the main cities of the country like Delhi, Ahmedabad, Indore  by State and National Highways and served by Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) & Private operators withvarious types of buses like Volvo,AC,Delux,Semi Delux normal etc.

Important cities and townsStatistics

  Population: 56.47 million (2001 Census, estimated at more than 58 million now)  Cities and Towns: 222  Major cities: Jaipur ,  Jodhpur ,  Udaipur ,  Kota,  Ajmer ,  Beawar ,  Bikaner   Bharatpur ,  Alwar ,  Dholpur ,  Churu, 

Bhilwara,  Sri Ganganagar ,  Pali,  Makrana,  Bundi,  chittorgarh,  Didwana,  Sujangarh,   Nagaur ,  Sikar , Hanumangarh, Pratapgarh 

  Roads: 1,51,914 km. (8,798 km National Highway)   National highways crossing Rajasthan: Delhi-Ahmedabad, Agra-Bikaner, Jaipur-Bhopal, Bhatinda-Kandla

and Pali-Ambala.  Climate: Generally dry with monsoon during July – August  Districts: 33  Languages: English and Hindi commonly used, as well as indigenous Rajasthani languages,  brij bhasha also.  Literacy: 61.03%

List of districts of RajasthanThe Indian state of  Rajasthan  is divided into 33 districts for administrative purposes. The responsibilities of districtmanagement are carried out by a number of  All-India officials and a number of  state-appointed officials. The All-India

officials in each district are a Deputy Commissioner  or district Magistrate (from the Indian Administrative Service), aSuperintendent of Police (from the Indian Police Service) and a Deputy Conservator of Forests (from the Indian ForestService), each of which is assisted by officers of various Rajasthan state services. The state-appointed officials areresponsible for matters such as health, education, and agriculture in each district. The 33 districts are grouped intoseven divisions: 

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District Headquarters Area (km²) Population (2001) Division  

Ajmer  Ajmer  8,481 2,180,526 Ajmer 

Alwar  Alwar  8,380 2,990,862 Jaipur 

Banswara Banswara 5,037 1,500,420 Udaipur 

Baran Baran 6,955 1,022,568 Kota

Barmer   Barmer   28,387 1,963,758 Jodhpur 

Bharatpur  Bharatpur  5,066 2,098,323 Bharatpur 

Bhilwara Bhilwara 10,455 2,009,516 Ajmer 

Bikaner  Bikaner  27,244 1,673,562 Bikaner 

Bundi Bundi 5,550 961,269 Kota

Chittorgarh Chittorgarh 10,856 1,802,656 Udaipur 

Churu Churu 16,830 1,922,908 Bikaner 

Dausa Dausa 2,950 1,316,790 Jaipur 

Dholpur  Dholpur  3,084 982,815 Bharatpur 

Dungarpur  Dungarpur  3,770 1,107,037 Udaipur 

Hanumangarh 

Hanumangarh 

12,645 1,517,390 Bikaner Jaipur  Jaipur  14,068 5,252,388 Jaipur 

Jaisalmer   Jaisalmer  38,401 507,999 Jodhpur 

Jalor  Jalore 10,640 1,448,486 Jodhpur 

Jhalawar  Jhalawar  6,219 1,180,342 Kota

Jhunjhunu Jhunjhunu 5,928 1,913,099 Jaipur 

Jodhpur  Jodhpur  22,850 2,880,777 Jodhpur 

Karauli Karauli 5530 1,205,631 Bharatpur 

Kota Kota 12,436 1,568,580 Kota

 Nagaur    Nagaur   17,718 2,773,894 Ajmer 

Pali Pali 12,387 1,819,201 Jodhpur 

Pratapgarh   Pratapgarh - - Udaipur 

Rajsamand Rajsamand 4,768 986,269 Udaipur 

Sawai Madhopur Sawai Madhopur  10,527 1,116,031 Bharatpur 

Sikar   Sikar   7,732 2,287,229 Jaipur 

Sirohi Sirohi 5,136 850,756 Jodhpur 

Sri Ganganagar  Sri Ganganagar  7,984 1,788,487 Bikaner 

Tonk  Tonk  7,194 1,211,343 Ajmer 

Udaipur  Udaipur  17,279 2,632,210 Udaipur 

Rajasthan  Jaipur  342,239  56,473,122  28.33% 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people

Rajasthani people

Rajasthani people (Rajasthani:    , Rajasthani Samaj or    , Rajasthani lok ) are the native

inhabitants of  Rajasthan (the land of colour  s[1]) region of India. They form an ethno-linguistic group which is a result

of assimilation of  Indo-Aryan, Indo-Scythian, Indo-Greeks and Indo-Iranians ancestries. Although Rajasthanis are of several sub ethnic groups, the whole Rajasthani community is known as marwaris  throughout the Indiansubcontinent.[2]  Their language Rajasthani  is a part of the western group of Indo-Aryan languages. Well knownRajasthanis include Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, Lakshmi Mittal, Birla Family etc.

Contents:-  History/ Linguistic History/  Religion/  Castes and Communities/  Rajasthani Literature/  Dress/  Food/  Art/ 

Music/ Rajasthani Paintings/ Architecture/ Occupation/ Trade and Business/ Diaspora/ Maharashtra 

History

Main article: History of Rajasthan Maharana Pratap, a ruler and great warrior of his time.

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A coin of the Indo-Scythian king Azes. Although history of  Rajasthan goes back as far as Indus Valley Civilization, the foundation of Rajasthani communitytook shape with the rise of Western Middle Kingdoms such as Western Kshatrapas. Western Kshatrapas (35-405 BC)were Saka rulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh, Maharashtra,Rajasthan). They were successors to the Indo-Scythians who invaded the area of  Ujjain and established the Saka era (with Saka calendar ), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps kingdom.[3] Saka calendar (also been adopted as Indian national calendar) is used by Rajasthani community and adjoining areas such as Punjab andHaryana. With time their social structures got stronger reorganizations giving birth to several martial  sub ethnic

groups (previously called as  Martial race  but now obsolete term).Linguistic History

Scholars agree on the fact that during 10th-12th century a common language was spoken in Western Rajasthan and Northern Gujarat. This language was known as Old Gujarati (1100 AD  —  1500 AD) (also called Old Western

 Rajasthani, Gujjar Bhakha or  Maru-Gurjar or Gurjar Apabhramsha).The language derived its name from the Gurjars (or Gujjars), who were residing and ruling in Punjab,  Rajputana, central  India  and various parts of Gujarat at thattime.[4]  It is said that Marwari and Gujarati is evolved from this Gurjar Bhakha later .[5] The language was used as aliterary language as early as 12th century. Poet Bhoja has referred to Gaurjar Apabhramsha  in 1014 AD.[4] Formalgrammar of Rajasthani was written by Jain monk and eminent scholar Hemachandra Suri in the reign of  Solanki kingSiddharaj Jayasinh of Anhilwara (Patan). Rajasthani was recognized by the State Assembly as an official Indianlanguage in 2004. Recognition is still pending from the government of India. [6] Religion

Rajasthanis are predominantly Hindu, Muslims and Jains. However, regardless of their religious segments, Muslim,Hindu and Jain Rajasthanis mingle with each other socially.Rajasthani Muslims are predominantly Sunnis. They are mainly Meo, Mirasi, Qaimkhani, Manganiar, MuslimRangrez, Merat, Sindhi-Sipahi, Rath and Pathans.[7]  With the introduction of Islam, many community membersconverted to Islam either voluntarily or forcibly. However, community Identity persists. They share lot of socio-ritualelements. Rajasthani Muslim communities, after their conversion, continued to follow pre-conversion practices(Rajasthani rituals and customs) which is not the case in other parts of the country. This exhibits the strong culturalidentity of Rajasthani people as opposed to religious identity.[8] Most Rajasthani hindus are vaishnavas, however,  Durga and her avatars are equally worshiped throughout Rajasthan.Osvãls are predominantly Jains  but small section of vaishnava Osvãls are also found.[9]  Jats are mostly hindus andmuslims. Meenas of Rajasthan till date strongly follow Vedic culture which usually includes worship of  Bhainroon (Shiva) and Krishna as well as the  Durga.[10] The  Rajputs generally worship the Sun, Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu and

Bhavani (Goddess Durga).[11] The Gurjars (Gujars or Gujjars) worship the Sun God, God Devnarayan, Lord Vishnu, Lord Shiva  and Goddess Bhavani.[12][13][14]  Historically, The Gurjars were Sun-worshipers and are described asdevoted to the feet of the Sun-god.[14] Marathi  Bhakti movement by Mahanubbavis and Virakaripanthis of Maharashtra

had immense influence on the development of  Rajasthani Bhakti movement.[15] Meerabai (  ) was an important

figure during 'Rajasthani Bhakti movement. Some other religions are also prevalent such as Buddhism, Christianity, Parsi religion etc.[11] Over time, there has beenan increase in the number of followers of Sikh religion.[11] Though Buddhism emerged as a major religion during 321-184 BC in Mauryan Empire, it had no influence in Rajasthan for the fact that Mauryan Empire had minimal impact onRajasthan and its culture.[16] Although, today Jainism is not that prevalent in Rajasthan but historically Rajasthan andGujarat areas were strong centres of Jainism in India.[17] Castes and Communities

 Noblemen from Jaipur 1875 Rajasthanis form ethno-linguistic group that is distinct from others in it's language, history, cultural & religious practices, social structure, literature and art. However, there are many different castes & communities, with diversifiedtraditions of their own. Major sub ethnic groups are Jat, Gurjar, Mali, Kalvi, Meena, Bhil, Garasia, Kanjar etc.[11] 

Gurjars (    , Gujars or Gujjars) are well known people from Rajasthan. Historically, they were rulers and protectors

of Gurjaratra (portions of  Rajasthan and Gujarat).[18][19] Some scholars believe, Gurjars guarded the entire Northernand Western India  against foreign invasion until the end of tenth century and thus came to known as  pratiharas (protectors).[20]  Praiseful references can be found in Arab chronicles about administration and might of theseGurjars.[21] 

Rajputs (    , Rājpūts) e well known wio people of Rjhn. Rjpu ―e conideed o be he be oldiers

in India.[22] Rajputs of Rajasthan (historically called Rājpūtāna ) hold distinctive identity as opposed to rajputs of other 

regions of country. This identity is usually described as proud Rajput tribes of Rājputāna.[23]

 They traced their lineagefrom a mythical fire atop Mt Abu, a mountain in Rajasthan, ( Agni Kula or the Fire Family), the sun (Suryavanshi or the Sun Family) and the moon (Chandravanshi or the Moon Family). The Sun Family includes Sisodias of Marwar (Chittaur & Udaipur), Rathores of Jodhpur & Bikaner and Kachwahas of  Amber  & Jaipur  while The Moon family includes Bhattis of Jaisalmer. There is a tradition that in year 747 all Rajput clans were purified by sage Vashishta and

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admitted to the royal cast of   Kshatriya. It is believed that Rajput tribes of Rajasthan were not Indo-Aryans until the purification.[24][25] They are Scythian descent who might have migrated from the Caucasus in Central Asia towards theIndus Valley.[26]  Jats are among native tribal group of  Rajasthan. They are mostly hindus and muslims. Historically their origin can betraced to tribal groups from the Indo-Scythian  period of roughly 200 BC to AD 400.  Jangladesh was the name of aregion of northern Rajasthan where Jats established their rule.[27] There are few other  tribal communities in Rajasthansuch as Meena and Bhils. The Ghoomar  dance is one well-knownaspect of  Bhil tribe.  Meena and  Bhils were employed as soldiers by Rajputs for their bravery and martial capabilities.

 Meenas, in ancient times, were ruler of  Matsya, i.e., Rajasthan or  Matsya Union. However, during colonial rule Britishgovernment declared them as “Criminal Tribe”.Rajasthani Brahmins are mostly dadheechs, Shrimalis, Pushkarnas and Gauds.There are a few other colourful folks, groups like those of  Gadia Luhar , Banjara, Nat, Kalbelia and Saansi, who criss-cross the countryside with their animals.The Gadia Luhars are said to be once associated with Maharana Pratap.[28] Rajasthani Literature

First mention of Rajasthani literature comes from a well-known work Kuvalayamala , inscribed c. 778 in the town of Jalor in south-eastern Marwar   by Jain Muni Udyotan Suri. Muni Udyotan referred it as Maru Bhasha or  Maru Vani.Modern Rajasthani literature began with the works of Suryamal M israma .[29] His most important works are the Vamsa Bhaskara and the Vira satsaī . The Vira satsaī  is a collection of couplets dealing with historical heroes. Two other important poets in this traditional style are  Bakhtavara Ji and Kaviraja Muraridana. Apart from academic literaturethere exists folk literature as well. Folk literature consists of ballads, songs, proverbs, folk tales and panegyrics. The

heroic and ethical poetry were the two major components of Rajasthani literature throughout its history. Thedevelopment of Rajasthani literature from the  Dingal   language, and virkavya (heroic poetry) took form during theearly formation of medieval social and political establishments in Rajasthan. Maharaja Chatur Singh (1879 – 1929)was a devotional poet from Mewar . His contributions were poetry style that was essentially a bardic tradition innature. Another important poet was Hinglajdan Kaviya (1861 – 1948). His contributions are largely of the heroic poetrystyle.[30] Developmental progression and growth of Rajasthani literature cand be divided into 3 stages[31] 

Historical stages of Rajasthani literature

900 to 1400 AD  The Early Period  

1400 to 1857 AD   Medival Period  

1857 to present day   Modern Period  

Culture and Tradition

Dress

Traditionally men wear   dhotis,  kurta and  paggar or  safa (kind of   turban  headgear). Traditional Chudidar payjama (puckered trousers) frequently replaces dhoti in different regions. Women wear  ghagra (long skirt) and kanchli (top).However, dress style changes with lengths and breaths of vast Rajasthan. Dhoti is worn in a different ways in Marwar (Jodhpur area) or Shekhawati (Jaipur area) or Hadoti (Bundi area). Similarly, there are a few differences between paggar and safa despite both being Rajasthanl headgear. Mewar has the tradition of  paggar whereas Marwar has thetradition of  safa.Traditional Rajasthani Lakh JewelryRajasthan is also famous for its amazing ornaments. From ancient times Rajasthani people have been wearing jewelryof various metals and materials. Traditionally women wore Gems-studded  gold  and  silver   ornaments. Historically,

silver or gold ornaments were used for interior decoration stitched on curtains, seat cushions, handy-crafts etc.Wealthy Rajasthanis used Gems-studded gold and silver  on swords, shields, knives, pistols, cannon, doors, thronesetc. which reflects the importance of ornaments in lives of Rajasthanis.[32] Food

Rich Rajasthani culture reflects in the tradition of hospitality which is one of its own kind. Rajasthan region variesfrom arid desert districts to the greener eastern areas. Varying degree of geography has resulted in a rich cuisineinvolving both vegetarian and non vegetarian dishes. Rajasthani food is characterized by the use of Jowar ,  Bajri, legumes and lentils, its distinct aroma and flavor achieved by the blending of spices including curry leaves, tamarind, coriander , ginger , garlic, chili, pepper, cinnamon, cloves, cardamom, cumin and rosewater.Major crops of Rajasthan are Jowar ,  Bajri,  Maize,  Ragi, Rice, Wheat, Barely, Gram, Tur, pulses, Ground nut,Sesamum etc. Millets, lentils and beans are most basic ingredients in food.The majority of Hindu and Jain Rajasthanis are vegetarian. Rajasthani Jains do not eat after sundown and their food

does not contain garlic and onions. Rajputs are usually meat eaters. Historically they ate pork as well as fish. With theintroduction of Islam beef eating was also prevalent.[33] Rajasthani cuisines are a whole lot of varieties varying regionally between the arid desert districts and the greener eastern areas. Most famous dish is Dal-Baati-Churma. It is a little bread full of clarified butter roasted over hot coalsand served with a dry, flaky sweet made of gram flour, and Ker-Songri made with a desert fruit and beans.

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Art

Music

Rajasthani Music has a diverse collection of musicians. Major schools of music includes Udaipur , Jodhpur  and Jaipur . Jaipur is a major Gharanas which is well-known for its reverence for rare ragas.  Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana is associatedwith  Alladiya Khan (1855-1943) who was among the great singers of the late 19th and early 20th century. AlladiyaKhan  was trained both in  Dhrupad  and  Khyal styles, though his ancestors were Dhrupad singers.[34]  The most

distinguishing feature of Jaipur Gharana is its complex and lilting melodic form.Rajasthani Paintings

Colorful tradition of Rajasthani people reflects in art of paintings as well. This painting style is calledMaru-Gurjar 

Painting . It throws light on the royal heritage of ancient Rajasthan. Under the Royal patronage various styles of  paintings developed, cultivated and practiced in Rajasthan and reached its pinnacle of glory by 15th to 17th centuries.The major painting styles are  phad paintings, miniature paintings, kajali paintings, gemstone paintings etc. There isincredible diversity and imaginative creativity found in Rajasthani paintings. Major schools of art are  Mewar ,  Marwar ,  Kishangarh, Bundi,  Kota,  Jaipur  and  Alwar . Development of Maru-Gurjar Paintin g 

[35]   Western Indian Painting Style - 700 AD  Mewar Jain Painting Style - 1250 AD  Blend of Sultanate Maru-Gurjar Painting Style - 1550 AD

  Mewar, Marwar, Dhundar & Harothi Styles - 1585 ADPhad paintings (Mewar Style of painting ) is the most ancient rajasthani art form. Phad paintings, essentially a scroll painting done on cloth, are beautiful specimen of the Indian cloth paintings. These have their own styles and patternsand are very popular due to their vibrant colors and historic themes.The  Phad of God Devnarayan is largest among the popular Pars in Rajasthan. The painted area of God Devnarayan Ki Phad is 170 square feet (i.e. 34' x 5').[36] Someother Pars are also prevalent in Rajasthan, but being of recent origin they are not classical in composition.[36] Another famous Par painting is  Pabuji Ki Phad . Pabuji Ki Phad is painted on a 15 x 5 ft. canvas.[36] Other famous heroes of Phad paintings are Gogaji,  Prithviraj Chauhan,  Amar Singh Rathore etc.[37] Architecture

The rich tradition of Rajasthanis also reflect in the architecture. Māru-Gurjara Temple Architecture whichoriginated somewhere in sixth century in and around areas of Rajasthan. Māru-Gurjara Architecture show the deepunderstanding of structures and refined skills of Rajasthani craftmen of bygone era. Māru-Gurjara Architecture has

two prominent styles Maha-Maru and Maru-Gurjara . According to  M. A. Dhaky,  Maha-Maru style developed primarily in  Marudesa, Sapadalaksa, Surasena and parts of  Uparamala whereas  Maru-Gurjara originated inMedapata, Gurjaradesa-Arbuda, Gurjaradesa-Anarta and some areas of Gujarat.[38] Scholars such as George Michell,M.A. Dhaky, Michael W. Meister and U.S. Moorti believe that Māru-Gurjara Temple Architecture is entirely Western Indian architecture and is quite different from the North Indian Temple architecture.[39] This further shows the culturaland ethnic separation of Rajasthanis from North Indian culture. There is a connecting link between Māru-Gurjara Architecture and Hoysala Temple Architecture. In both of these styles architecture is treated sculpturally.[40] Occupation

Agriculture  is the main occupation of Rajasthani People in Rajasthan. Major crops of Rajasthan are  Jowar ,  Bajri, Maize, Ragi, Rice, Wheat, Barely, Gram, Tur, pulses, Ground nut, Sesamum etc. Agriculture was the most importantelement in the economic life of the people of medieval Rajasthan.[41]  In early medieval times the land that could beirrigated by one well was called Kashavah that is a land that could be irrigated by one Knsha or leather bucket.[42] Historically there were a whole range of communities in Rajasthan at different stages of economy; from hunting tosettled agriculture. The Van Baoria, Tirgar , Kanjar , vagri etc. were traditionally hunters and gatherers. Now only theVan Baoria are hunters while others have shifted to agriculture related occupations.[43] There are a number of  artisans such as Lohar and Sikligar . Lohar are blacksmiths while Sikligar do specific work of making and polishing of armsused in war. Now they create tools used for agriculture.Main article: Marwaris Trade and Business

Historically,  Rajasthani business community (famously called Marwaris,  Rajasthani:   ) conducted business

successfully throughout India and outside of India. Their business was organized around the joint-family system inwhich the grandfather, father, sons, their sons and other family members or close relatives worked together and sharedresponsibilities of business work .[44]  The success of Rajasthanis in business, that too outside of Rajasthan, is the

outcome of feeling of oneness within the community.  Rajasthanis tend to help community members and thisstrengthens the kinship bondage, oneness and trust within community. Another fact is their ability to adapt to theregion they migrate. They assimilate with others so well and respect the regional culture, customs and people.[45] It is arare and most revered quality for any successful businessman. Today they are among the major business classes inIndia. The term Marwari has come to mean a canny businessman from the State of Rajasthan (and also Gujarat ). The

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Birlas, Goenkas, Bajajs, Ruias, Singhanias, are among the top business groups of India. They are the famous marwarisfrom Rajasthan.[46] Diaspora

The Marwari group of Rajasthanis have a substantial diaspora throughout India, where they have been established astraders.[47] Marwari migration to the rest of India is essentially a movement in search of opportunities for trade andcommerce. In most cases Rajasthanis migrate to other places as traders.[48] Maharashtra

In Maharashtra (an ancient  Maratha  Desh) Rajasthanis are mainly merchants and own large to medium size business

houses. Maheshwaris are mainly Hindus (some are also Jains) who migrated from Rājputāna in olden days. Theyusually worship all Gods and Goddesses along with their village deities.[49] 

Marwaris 

Marwaris (Rajasthani:  ) or Rajasthani people are Indo-Aryan ethnic group, that inhabit the Rajasthan region

of India. Their language Rajasthani is a part of the western group of  Indo-Aryan languages. The development of the fresco paintings on Havelis is linked with the history of the Marwaris. The work examines theearly history of the Marwari community its social, religious, cultural and caste identities and its commercial activitiesin the eastern region of India, mainly its industrial activities and cultural and political contributions. Based on surveysand references to government records, it highlights qualitites of the Marwaris that have helped them achieve success intheir pioneering efforts.

Contents:- History/  Linguistic History/  The community/  Religion/  Language/  Diaspora/  Demographics/ 

Marwadis as Business Community of India/ Notable Marwaris

History

Although history of  Rajasthan  goes back to as far as Indus Valley Civilization, the foundation of Rajasthanicommunity took shape with the rise of Western Middle Kingdoms such as Western Kshatrapas. Western Kshatrapas (35-405 BC) were Saka rulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh,Maharashtra, Rajasthan). They were successors to the Indo-Scythians. The Indo-Scythians invaded the area of  Ujjain and establish the Saka era  (with Saka calendar ), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps kingdom.[1] Saka calendar is used by Rajasthani community and it has been adopted as Indian national calendar. Withtime their social structures got stronger reorganizations giving birth to several martial sub ethnic groups (previouslycalled as Martial race but now obsolete term). The several recorded account begins from the time of  Mughal empire. Since the time of the Mughal period (16th century-19th centuries), particularly from the time of  Akbar  (1542 – 1605),

Marwari entrepreneurs have been moving out of their homeland of Marwar and Rajasthan, and adjoining regions, todifferent parts of  Undivided India. The first waves migration took place during the Mughal  period, and a number of Marwari baniyas moved to the eastern parts of India, currently comprising the Indian states of   West Bengal, Bihar , Orissa, and Jharkhand; as well as the nation of  Bangladesh. During the period of the  Nawabs of Bengal, Marwari farmers exhibited their acumen, and controlled the mint and banking. Jagat Seth who controlled the finances of Murshidabad Darbar was an Oswal, one of several sub-groups of Marwaris. The business houses of Gopal Das and Banarasi Das, also Oswal Marwaris, undertook large scalecommercial and banking activities.Sarkar Laxmichand Hingarh was a Marwari king who governed few villages of theGorwar   region . Gorwar region's topmost HUF firm, Rikhabdas Sardarmal and Kesarimal Kundanmal was foundedand managed by Oswal Marwaris from Rani, Rajasthan  and they were pioneers in starting Umbrella in India.Marwaris came force from rajput community like all other people adopted agriculture and trade during mughal and birtish ruled.

Several Marwari farmers after permanenet settlement was introduced by the  British Raj, acquired large estates, ineastern part of India, particularly in Bengal. They included Dulalachand Singh (alias Dulsing), a Porwal Marwari, whohad acquired several Zamindaris around Dhaka, currently the capital of Bangladesh, as also in Bakarganj, Patuakhali,and Comilla, all places currently part of Bangladesh. These Zamindaris were managed and co-owned with khwajas of Dhaka. Dulalchand Singh family also emerged as a business tycoon controlling  jute trade. After  Indi‘ Fi W of Independence (1857 – 58), when social and political disturbances subsided, another wave of large scale migration of Marwaris took place, and during the remaining period of 19th century, a number of Marwari business houses, small and big, had emerged. The Marwari community controlled all the major business ,socialactivities of a large geographical areas of the eastern parts of the Indian subcontinent. With a sizeable presence in present day Myanmar   and Bangladesh, they controlled major trading and commercial activities in the regionscurrently comprising the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Jharkhand. They also had almost completecontrol of indigenous banking, finance and hundi. They took the hundi business to areas where the system wasunknown, which included Chittagong, Khulna,  Naogaon, Mymensingh, and Arakan. They competed successfully inthese areas with Chettiars who were located in the region for long.Linguistic History

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Rajasthani language is evolved from Old Gujarati (1100 AD — 1500 AD) (also called Old Western Rajasthani, Gujjar  Bhakha or  Maru-Gurjar ), language spoken by the Gurjars (Gujjars) in Gujarat and Rajasthan.[2]Formal grammar of Rajasthani language was written by Jain monk and eminent scholar Hemachandra Suri in the reign of Solanki kingSiddharaj Jayasinh of Anhilwara (Patan). The community

The Marwaris name was given to people of Rajasthan by Kolkata, who migrated for trading and to do business inKolkata. The term 'Marwari' had a geographical connotation, so there can be a Marwari Farmer, Trader, Rajput,Brahmin, and so on. Traders and farmer of could be found all over the India, they have migrated themselves in search

of business.Many people from various Marwari castes migrated to distant states for business, agriculture and later becamesuccessful. The term "Marwari" caught on as a way to refer to a businessman from Marwar. This usage is imprecise.Other castes from Rajasthan did not migrate to such an extent, so awareness about them in other states is low.Marwaris comprise the people who originally belonged to  Rajasthan, particularly, areas in and around Jaipur ,Sikar,Jhunjhunu, Bikaner , Pali, Jalore,  Nagaur  and certain other adjoining areas.There is a saying in Hindi -"Jahan Naa Pahunche RailGadi,Wahan Pahunche BailGadi, Aur Jahan Naa PahuncheBailGadi Wahan Pahunche Marwari"Religion

Marwaris are predominantly Hindu  However, regardless of their affiliation, Hindu  and Jain  Marwaris mingle witheach other socially. In some rare cases they share matrimonial relations and traditional rituals together.There are also Marwari Brahmins like dadheechs, Shrimalis, Pushkarnas and Gauds. The Jat's have largest population

in Marwar also the Sainik, Kshatriyas, Rajput, Clans of  Mandore. Marwar  is the second largest population group inJodhpur ,  Marwar . The major Mandorva Rajputs Surnames  are - Kachwaha,  Bhati,  Parihar   (Pratihara), Deora, Chauhan,  Parmar   (Panwar ), Solanki,  Tanwar , Sankhla, Rathore  etc. Marwari's Marwar used to be a region of Rajasthan before independence of India, located in the central and western areas of the state and the residents of Marwar region were called Marwaris.The Marwar region includes the central and western parts of  Rajasthan. The word Marwar is considered to be derivedfrom Sanskrit word Maruwat , the meaning of maru being 'desert'. Shekhawati region is adjacent to Haryana. Language

Dark green indicates Marwari speaking home area in Rajasthan, light green indicates additional dialect areas wherespeakers identify their language as Marwari. Marwari is a language belonging to the Sanskritic subgroup, of the Indo-Aryan  branch, of the Indo-European languagefamily. Marwari, or Marrubhasha, as it is referred to by Marwaris, is the traditional, historical, language of the

Marwari ethnicity.The "Marwari" spoken by the marwari merchants,Farmers,social workers of the previous generation was actually thedialect of Shekhawati/Dhundhar region. Large numbers, especially in Rajasthan, still converse fluently in Marwari.Various dialects  of the language are found, which vary with the speakers' areas of origin, communities etc. Thelanguage is facing extinction.Diaspora

Marwari spread to many regions of India, and even to neighboring and all other countries around the globe, as theyexpanded their business and trade networks. Marwari are higher then baniya from UP,Bihar.Marwari donot adoptvarna system.In many locales, Marwari immigrants over time (and, usually involving many generations) adopted, or  blended into, the regional culture. For example, in Punjab, Marwaris adopted Punjabi, and in Gujarat, Gujarati.Significant concentrations of Marwari traders live in Kolkata in the Burrabazar area and are leading lights in businessthere. A large number of Marwaris are also in Mumbai, Bangalore, Pune, Chennai and Hyderabad. Marwaris havefounded businesses in neighboring  Nepal, especially in Birganj, Biratnagar  and Kathmandu. Marwari with their business acumen,farmers have migrated across many different parts of the country, and to other countries of the world. In the eastern part of India, they are found in Kolkata, Cuttack , Asansol, Raniganj, Bankura, Siliguri, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur , etc., where Marwaris are among the prominent businessmen.Marwaris extended the reach and influence of their Indian financial and commercial networks from the 17th centurythrough the early 19th century to Persia and Central Asia.[citation needed ] Demographics

The Marwaris now constitute several social groups dispersed throughout India and Pakistan and across the globe,including many remote areas. The total population worldwide is difficult to measure and subject to secular, linguistic,cultural and other parameters of defining who is a Marwari.Now a days, marwaris have also established their businessin the western districts of orissa, in Bargarh district, Sambalpur, Jharsuguda, angul, rourkela,delhi,chennai and in

 bhubaneshwar and Cuttack also.Marwadi have limited resources in marwad area so the spread their wings in multiple location in India , mostlyinvolving in business of Pawn shops in regions of orissa ,Tamil Nadu etc. . The pawn shop mostly deals with givingmoney to poor in debts. This network has been the harbinger of micro financing. They have brought in capital andfinancial systems to remote villages.

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Marwadis as Business Community of India

Marwaris are among the major business classes in India. According to Forbes list 2005 2% of billionaires in the worldare Marwaris of rajasthan. Most of the successful channel companies are headed by first-generation entrepreneurs.Almost 90% of the channel in Kolkata comprises Marwari business people. This community is strong in the westernregion and even down south in places like Chennai. In india, Marwaris contributes a measure sole in IT sector. Insome cases, these people were encouraged by their family to get into the IT business. In other cases, people got intothe channel business envisioning it to be a great success. Marwaris have all the characteristics what an entrepreneur may possess. They are risk taking people. They are very innovative, creative and broad thinking people. The world's

great businessmen like Kumar Mangalam Birla,  Laxmi niwas mittal, Shashi ruia & Ravi ruia, Gautam Singhania, Kishor biyani, Vishnuhari Dalmia, Ajay Piramal, Rahul Bajaj, Sunil mittal and many other marwaris are dominatingthe Business world.Marwari communities lay a lot of onus on family and unity. Major business decisions are often taken after a family,especially elders, into consultation. Marwaris prefer to work with its community people even in business also. Theystrictly attach with their cultural values and ethics. Marwaris are pure vegetarian people. And this characteristicimpacts a lot to their business activity also. Marwaris would like to work with full freedom at work place. They do not prefer to work for a fixed salary and under somebody else's instructions. But today scenario is changing rapidly. They believe working in an environment where more than half their peers belong to own community can be verycomfortable and profitable.In Marwari community, finance matters are often done through word of mouth, since there is an underlying belief thatthese promises will be kept. This can also be a reason why Marwaris like to keep the business within their family.

Reason behind marwaris' business approach could be that they are trained early on in life, on the basics of trading. JPModi of Delhi's Modi Peripherals feels that business is in the very DNA of a Marwari man. "Even if we don't go toany business school or university, we are most likely to excel in business in general. Certain business ethics and valuesare given to us on a daily basis right from childhood and it all becomes a part of our lives,".Marwaris traditionally come purely from a business background, they are well versed with its various aspects. Thatcan make a difference. Sarad Bawri of Lifeline Enterprises says "We transact business worth crores based merely onword of mouth. So people trust the community as business people, especially as payments are made on time. Our forefathers gained this goodwill and this kind of inherited knowledge helps to a great extent,". Marwari people havemade faith in their customers' mind that Marwari businessman will not be dishonest. Almost the entire Marwaricommunity rate themselves as very honest folk. This is what makes them successful in their chosen business fields.Marwaris are also very aggressive when it comes to business, and don't let go of any prospective opportunity thatcomes their way. Working hard is another aspect about Marwaris that helps in the long run. People's common

 perception about Marwaris is that they are very stingy by nature. But the people from the community themselves denythis. They are definitely very strict when it comes to finance in business matters as they believe that every penny savedis a penny earned.[3]  Famous "Purta System"(Costing) is invented by Marwaris. This system helps them to ensure profit.Notable Marwaris Marwaris are among the major business classes in India. Marwaris are present almost all over in the world. Marwariscontribute a large account to Indian economy in terms of Business.

Rank   Name Net Worth (Billion USD) City Company   Industry !

1 Lakshmi Mittal 26.1 London ArcelorMittal Steel

2 Shashi Ruia & Ravi Ruia 15.0 Mumbai   Essar Group Conglomerate

3 Kumar Mangalam Birla 8.50 Mumbai   Aditya Birla Group Conglomerate

4 Venugopal Dhoot 2.65 Mumbai   Videocon Conglomerate

5 Gautam Singhania 1.40 Mumbai   Raymond Textiles

6 R. P. Goenka  1.30 Kolkata RPG Group Conglomerate

7 Rakesh Jhunjhunwala 1.10 Mumbai   Rare Enterprises Investment 

8 Rahul Bajaj 1.10 Pune Bajaj Auto Automobiles

9 Kishore Biyani 0.912 Mumbai   Future Group Retail

Ranthambore National Park 

Ranthambore National Park   (Rajasthani:         ) is one of the largest  national parks  in  northern 

India. It is situated in Sawai Madhopur  district of southeastern Rajasthan, about 180 km from Jaipur , which is also thenearest airport. The nearest town and railway station is at Sawai Madhopur , about 11 km away.

Ranthambhore was established as the Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955 by the Government of India, and wasdeclared one of the Project Tiger  reserves in 1973. Ranthambore became a national park in 1980. In 1984, the adjacent

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forests were declared the Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary, and in 1991 the tiger reserve wasenlarged to include Sawai Man Singh and Keladevi sanctuaries.

Ranthambore wildlife  sanctuary is known for its tigers and is one of the best places in India to see these majestic predators in the  jungle. Tigers can be easily spotted even during the day time. A good time to visit Ranthambore National Park is in November and May when the nature of the dry deciduous forests makes sightings common. Itsdeciduous forests were once a part of the magnificent jungles of Central India.

The park lies at the edge of a plateau, and is bounded to the north by the Banas River  and to the south by the ChambalRiver . There are several lakes in the park. It is named for the historic Ranthambhore fortress, which lies within thenational park. The park covers an area of 392 km², and is known for its tiger   population, and is one of India's ProjectTiger   reserves. Other major wild animals include leopard,  nilgai,  dhole,  wild boar ,  sambar ,  hyena,  sloth bear   andchital. It is also home to wide variety of   trees,  plants,  birds and reptiles. Ranthambore is also the site for one of thelargest  banyan trees in India.

Contents:- Wildlife/ The tigers of Ranthambore/ Major Attractions/ How to get there/ General information

Wildlife

3 year-old male named Baccha (Hindi: Child) residing in the reserve.

Ranthambore is best known for its large tiger population. As tourism in the park increased, so did the population of neighbouring villages. This led to increasing amounts of fatal human-tiger interactions and poaching. The IndianGovernment started Project Tiger  in 1973 with an allotted area of 60 mi2. It was later expanded to become what is nowcalled, the Ranthambore National Park. Besides tigers, the reserve has thriving bird population with more than 270different species of birds here.[1] 

In 2005, there were 26 tigers living in Ranthambore. This was significantly lower than the recorded tiger population of the reserve in 1982, which then stood at 44. According to non-government sources there were 34 adult tigers in the

Ranthambore National Park in 2008. More than 14 tiger cubs were also recorded. This was largely attributed tosustained efforts by forest officials to curb poaching. Villagers in the region were being given incentives to stay out of the park and surveillance cameras were also fitted across the reserve.[2]  The Indian government also committedUS$153 million for the efforts.[2]  These efforts have been successful with Ranthambore having enough tigers to participate in the Sariska Tiger Reserve relocation efforts.[3]The first aerial trans-location of the male tiger (Dara) fromRanthambore to Sariska was done using a Mi-17 helicopter on 28 Jun 2008 by Wing Commander Vimal Raj. Butunfortunately, this translocated tiger has died on 15th November, 2010. The reasons for its death are not known as of now.

The tigers of Ranthambore

During the past few years, there has been a decline in tiger population in Ranthambore due to poaching and other reasons. However there were some tigers who succeeded in carrying on their genes even in such circumstances. Atigress known as "Lady of the Lakes" was, at a very young age, separated from her parents due to increase poaching inthe area. The young tigress was called Macchli since she had a mark on her body which resembled a fish. She grew upwith great determination for ruling the jungle. She mated with a male who resided just beside her territory and gave birth to three female cubs, one being dubbed 'Macchli - The Junior' in a documentary. Despite Macchli also being thename of her mother, the young cub found herself stuck with the designation. The father of the younger Macchli diedearly due to an unknown disease, which was confirmed when forest officer  Fateh Singh Rathore  saw him inRanthambore. After this, the elder Macchli found the scent of a different male, known as Bumburam, and mated withhim. She gave birth to two cubs. Baccha is believed to be her grandson.

Major Attractions

A panaromic view of Ranthambore NP from Ranthambore Fort. 

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Forests: The Park consists of typical dry deciduous elements with Anogeissus pendula forests - a dominant treespecies. However, mix deciduous elements could be seen in the valleys and along water bodies. The Flora of the Park is represented by 539 species of flowering plants.

Tigers: The Park is one of the best national parks in the country to spot a tiger. This majestic predator can be spottedambling or basking under the sun here.

Safari Rides: Rides are carried out at two times: 06:30 and 14:30. Each ride lasts for about 3 hours. There are two

options of vehicles for the safari : 20 seater open top canter or 6 seater open top gypsy. Each ride costs around Rs400-500 per person. The core park area has been divided into several zones and the safari vehicles go on one of thosezones. Since there is a good chance of not sighting a tiger in one outing, people usually take more than one ride. Thereare a lot of quality resorts on the way from Sawai Madhopur to the national park.

Ranthambore Fort: The majestic fort, built in 10th-century, towers over the entire park area. It stands at a height of 700 feet above the surrounding plain. Inside the fort, there are three red Karauli stone temples devoted to Ganesh,Shiva and Ramlalaji. The temples were constructed in 12th and 13th centuries.

Padam Talao: This is the largest of the all the lakes located inside the park, and the beautiful red sandstone JogiMahal is located at the very edge of this lake. A gigantic  banyan ee, conideed o be Indi‘ econd lge, i ne 

the lake.

How to get there

By Air : Jaipur  at 180 km is the nearest airport from Ranthambore wildlife sanctuary.

By Rail : Ranthambore National Park is around 11 km away from Sawai Madhopur railway station, that lies on theDelhi to Mumbai trunk route. This is by far the best way of reaching the place from Delhi or Jaipur.

By Road : A good network of buses connect Sawai Madhopur, the nearest town from Ranthambore to all the major cities within the state of  Rajasthan. The frequency of direct services though is not very great. Mostly you have to firsttake a bus to either Tonk or Dausa.

General information

Aravali Range inside Ranthambhore, Rajasthan.

   National Park area: 275 km² core area. 392 km² including buffer zone.  Tiger Reserve area: 1334 km²  Altitude: 215 to 505 meters above sea level  Closest airport is Jaipur at 180 km  Terrain: Dense tropical dry forest, open bushland and rocky terrain interspersed with lakes and streams  Ecoregion: Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests   Best Season: From November to March  Closed: Monsoon season (July - August)

Sariska Tiger Reserve

The Sariska Tiger Reserve is a national park   in  India  located in the Alwar district of the state of  Rajasthan. Thetopography of Sariska supports scrub-thorn arid forests, dry deciduous forests, rocks and grasses. This area was ahunting preserve of the erstwhile Alwar  state and it was declared a wildlife reserve in 1955. In 1978, it was given thestatus of a tiger reserve making it a part of India's Project Tiger  scheme. The present area of the park is 866 km². The park is situated 107 km from Jaipur  and 200 km from Delhi.[1] 

The area of Sariska, being a part of the Aravalli Range, is rich in mineral resources, e.g. copper . In spite of the

Supreme Court's 1991 ban on mining in the area, marble mining continues to threat the environment.[2]

 

Some of the wildlife found in the Sariska Tiger Reserve include the Bengal tiger , leopard,  jungle cat, caracal, stripedhyena, golden jackal, chital, sambhar , nilgai, chinkara, four-horned antelope 'chousingha' (extinct)[3], wild boar , hare, hanuman langur , Rhesus monkeys, and plenty of bird species and reptiles. Birds include Peafowl, Grey Partridge,

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Bush Quail, Sand Grouse, Tree Pie, Golden backed Wood Pecker, Crested Serpent Eagle and the Great Indian HornedOwl.

The dominant tree in the forests is dhok (Anogeissus  pendula). Other trees are e.g. salar (Boswellia serrata), kadaya(Sterculia  urens), dhak  (Butea monosperma), gol (Lannea  coromandelica), ber  (Ziziphus mauritiana) and khair (Acacia catechu). Bargad (Ficus benghalensis), arjun (Terminalia arjuna), gugal (Commiphora wightii) or   bamboo canalso be met at some places. Shubs are numerous, such as kair (Capparis decidua), adusta (Adhatoda vesica) and jhar  ber (Ziziphus nummularia).

Contents:- Historical places/ Tiger population/ Relocation efforts/ General information 

Historical places

An image of  the Sariska Palace within Tiger Reserve. 

The reserve is also the location of several sites of historical importance such as the 17th-century Kankwadi  fort,originally built by Jai Singh II, is located near the centre of the park. The Mughal  Emperor  Aurangzeb  brieflyimprisoned there his brother   Dara Shikoh  in the struggle for succession of the throne. Pandupol in the hills in thecentre of the reserve is believed to be one of the retreats of Pandava. Hanuman temple in Pandupol is a favourite pilgrimage site which is the source of problems to wildlife especially due to heavy traffic.  Nilkanth temples were built

 by Bargujars. Neelkanth or Rajor Garh was the capital of Bargujars. Tal Briksh to the north is special by its warmwater spring. Bhartrihari, not far from the Sariska village, is crowded by pilgrims. The ruler of  Ujjain, Raja Bhartriharimeditated at this place. The area also has buildings associated with the kings of Alwar such as the Sariska Palace,which was used as a royal hunting lodge of Maharaja Jai Singh. 

Tiger population

In 2004, there were strong and persistent reports that no tigers were being sighted in Sariska Tiger Reserve inRajasthan. It was not only that tigers were not being seen but also and more alarmingly, there were no indirectevidence of ige‘ peence (uch  pugmarks, scratch marks on trees etc.) being found. The Rajasthan ForestDepartment took the stand that "the tigers had temporarily migrated outside the reserve and would be back after therains". The Project Tiger , now National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), backed this assumption. There were

some 15 tigers in the last years before. In January 2005, journalist Jay Mazoomdaar broke the news [4] that there wereno tigers left in Sariska. Soon the Rajasthan Forest Department and the Project Tiger Directorate declared an"emergency tiger census" in Sariska and the Central Bureau of Investigation, India's premier intelligence agency,conducted a probe. After a two month exercise they finally declared that Sariska indeed did not have any tigers left.Poaching was blamed to be one of the major reasons for the disappearance of tiger .[5] 

Deer in Sariska Reserve.

Relocation efforts

Road to Sariska Palace, Sariska.

In 2005, the Government of Rajasthan in co-operation with the Government of India and Wildlife Institute of India (WII) planned the re-introduction of tiger to Sariska and also the relocation of villages.[6] Some plans to construct by- pass roads were also there.[7] However, it took several years to take a more concrete steps. It was decided to move onemale and two female tigers from Ranthambore National Park .[8] The Rajasthan forest officials rushed to fly two tigersfrom Ranthambhore in June – July 2008 ignoring recommendations of the  National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) and the Tiger Task Force. The Wildlife Institute of India  (WII) along with the Government of Rajasthan started tracking the relocated tigers with the help of  ISRO's reconnaissance satellites.[9] The first aerial translocation of the male tiger (Dara) from Ranthambhore to Sariska was done on 28 June 2008 and when the relocated tiger made itsfirst kill in the enclosure there was a hope that tigers may adapt to the new environment in Sariska Reserve.[10] 

Only two of the four villages experts had said needed to be relocated were actually moved, though the second,Kankwar i[11], was shifted long after the tigers were re-introduced. The first relocated village was Bhagani. Also, the

diversion of roads crossing the reserve, an issue critical to the survival of its wildlife, continues to be a problem.[12]

 

One more tigress was shifted to Sariska from Ranthambhore in February 2009[13]. Thus, the reserve had one tiger andtwo tigresses. On 28 July 2010, another tigress was brought here from Ranthambhore National Park. Thus, altogether 

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five tigers — two males and three females — were dwelling in the reserve till November 2010 when the first relocatedtiger died.[14] 

Unfortunately, it is almost certain that the first three of the five so far relocated tigers came from one father. Moreover,the first two tigresses have the same mother .[15] The breeding of close relatives leads to inbreeding. 

General information

Water body within the Sariska Reserve, Rajasthan.

  Area: 866 km² total (497 km² core, 369 km² buffer)  Altitude: Between 300 m and 722 m MSL  Rainfall: Average 650 mm (per year)  Forest Types: Tropical Dry Deciduous and Tropical Thorn

Kathputli (Puppet)

Kathputli is a string puppet theatre, native to Rajasthan,  India, and is the most popular form of Indian puppetry.[1] Being a string marionette, it is controlled by a single string that passes from the top of the puppet over the puppeteers.

Contents:- Etymology/ History/ Overview/ Benefits of Kathputli Puppetry as a learning medium for kids

Etymology

Kathputli is a join of two rajasthani language words Kath meaning wood and Putli meaning puppet. Kathputli means a puppet which is made entirely from wood. However it is made out of wood, cotton cloth and metal wire.

History

A Kathputli show in Mandawa, Rajasthan 

Some scholars believe Kathputli art tradition is more than thousands years old.[2] One finds its reference in Rajasthanifolk tales, ballads and sometimes even in folk songs. The tribes of Rajasthan have been performing this art from theancient times and it has become an eternal part of Rajasthani culture and tradition. No village fair, no religious festivaland no social gathering in Rajasthan can be complete without the Kathputlis. It is believed that somewhere 1500 yearsago, tribal Rajasthani Bhat community started the use of Kathputli as string marionette art and it is in their love for tradition that art of Kathputli survived the test of time. Tradition of Kathputli is based on folk tales and stories.Scholars believe that folk tales convey the lifestyle of ancient Rajasthani tribal people and Kathputli art might haveoriginated from present day Nagaur and surrounding areas.[3] Rajasthani Kings and nobles were patrons of Art andCraft and they encouraged the craftsmen in activities ranging from wood and marble carving to weaving, pottery and painting. Over the last 500 years, Kathputli was a system of patronage supported by kings and well -off families. The patrons would look after the i in eun fo he i inging pie of he pon‘ nceo. Bh communiyclaim that their ancestors had performed for royal families, and received great honour and prestige from the rulers of 

Rajasthan.

[4]

 

Today  Kathputli art is one of the most popular performing arts of Rajasthan after  Ghoomar . Organisations like Rupayan Sansthan in Jodhpur   founded by Vijaydan Detha  and Komal Kothari  in 1960 and Bharatiya Lok KalaMandal, Udaipur , founded by Devilal Samar   in 1952, are working in the field preserving and promoting the art of Kathputli, the latter even has a puppet theater as well as puppet museum.[5] Capital  New Delhi also has an area knownas 'Kathputli Colony', in Shadipur Depot, where puppeteers, magicians, acrobats, dancers and musicians and other itinerant performance groups have settled since half a century.[6][7][8] 

Overview

Characteristic to this form are the shrill voices produced by the lead puppeteer which are spoken through a  bamboo 

reed. The art of Rajasthani puppetry (also called Kathputli) originated a thousand years ago when the Bhat community  began to practice this art. Patronised by many ruling families in the state, it soon grew into a major art form of theregion. Due to the  invasion of  Rajasthan  by the Mughals, Kathputli gradually lost its importance. It has been one of the oldest forms of  entertainment. Historically, these puppets were not only a source of entertainment, but also provided moral and social education. The shows tackled problems like the  dowry  system, women's empowerment,

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illiteracy,  poverty, unemployment, and  cleanliness. These puppet shows made people aware of the social problemsthat everybody was facing and also showed ways of solving them.

Benefits of Kathputli Puppetry as a learning medium for kids

  It provides children opportunity for verbal expression.  It helps in developing creative temperament.  It encourages and develops team work capabilities in children.

  It can be used to develop relevant voice modulation.  It help in developing emotional behavior.

Districts

Rajasthan is divided into 33 districts and seven divisions

Ajmer district

Contents: - Ajmer Geography/ Cities and towns in Ajmer district/

Ajmer District is a district of the state of  Rajasthan in western India. The city of  Ajmer  is the district headquarters.

Ajmer District has an area of 8,481 km², and a population of 2,180,526 (2001 census),Three main groups are; Hindu1,869,044, Muslim 244,341, Jains 47,812. The district is situated in the center of Rajasthan, and is bounded by  Nagaur District to the north, Jaipur  and Tonk  districts to the east, Bhilwara District to the south, and Pali District to the west.

Ajmer Geography

The eastern portion of the district is generally flat, broken only by gentle undulations, but the western parts, fromnorth-west to south-west, are intersected by the great Aravalli Range. Many of the valleys in this region are sandydeserts, part of India's Thar Desert, with an occasional oasis of cultivation, but there are also some very fertile tracts;among these is the plain on which lies the town of Ajmer. This valley, however, is not only fortunate in possessing anoble artificial lake, but is protected by the massive walls of the Nagpathar range or Serpent rock, which forms a barrier against the sand. The only hills in the district are the Aravalli Range and its offshoots. Ajmer is almost totallydevoid of rivers, the Banas  being the only stream which can be dignified with that name, and it only touches the south-eastern boundary of the district so as to irrigate the pargana of Samur. Four small streams — the Sagarmati, Saraswati,Khari and Dai — also intersect the district. In the dry weather they are little more than brooks.

The district is divided into four subdivisions, Ajmer, Beawar , Kekri and Kishangarh, and further subdivided into sixtehsils, Ajmer, Beawar,  Nasirabad, India, Kekri, Kishangarh.

Cities and towns in Ajmer district

Ajmer · Beawar · Kekri · Kiranipura · Kishangarh · Nasirabad · Pushkar · Sarwar · Vijainagar 

Beawar 

Beawar  (Hindi:  बयावर   bjʋ) is a city in the Rajasthan  state of  India. It is located 190 kilometres (118 mi)

southwest of the state capital Jaipur , and situated amidst the Aravali hills. It is an important centre of trade, especiallyin raw cotton, and has cotton presses and the Krishna cotton mills. It is the second largest centre of the wool trade andthe second largest producer of carpet-grade woollen yarn in India. It also has a food processing industry. Other 

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industries include masala, mineral based units, machine based units, machine tools and accessories, pre-stressedconcrete pipes, plastic products, textiles, wooden furniture and asbestos cement pipes. It is the largest producer of cement in northern India and home to Shree cement. It is also mineral rich and has reserves of feldspar, quartz,asbestos, soapstone, magnesite, calcite, limestone, mica, emerald, granite, and masonry stone. Fairly good reserves of  barytes, fluorite, wolastonite and vermiculite have also been found. The nearest airport is in Jaipur, at a distance of 190 km.

Contents

  1 History   2 Places Of interest 

  3 Beawar City 

  4 Education 

  5 Culture 

  6 Geography 

  7 Demographics 

  8 Church 

  9 References 

  10 External links 

History

Beawar [   ] was founded by Colonel Dixon in 1835. Beawar was a part of British India, the administrative

headquarters of Merwara district. It was founded as a treaty between the Mewars and the British people. Beawar issituated at a strategic location in Rajasthan, India. The city was founded in 1836 as a military cantonment, between theroyal states of Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Udaipur. It was named after a local village called Beawar Khas.It is a subdivisionalheadquarters where all the Government Offices of District administration are located.

It is the birth-place of international classic mathematician DMY Sommerville. In history only two mathematicianscame from Rajasthan, one is Jagannatha_Samrat from Jaipur & DMY is the second from Beawar.

Places Of interest

DesertCircleBeawar 

Sankat MochanHanumaan Templenoon-time, Beawar 

Sankat Mochan Hanumaan Temple evening-time, Beawar 

Beawar City

Inner Beawar City: The inner city of Beawar has parallel roads and offers rich history of the city.

Outer Beawar City The outer area of Beawar is a developing area. Residential expansion is taking place on Ajmer road, Sendra Road and Delwara road. New shopping complexes outside Chand gate and various hotels have alsoopened. The outer city also has a bus stand, railway station, church, SD college and cinema halls Jaimandir andRupbani.

Hotels in Beawar Most of the hotels are centred around the bus stand and railway station, but as travelling patternschange, others are developing on the roads leading into town.

www.beawarhistory.com Vasudeo Mangal, Geetakunj Ph 91 1462 252597 

Education

Beawar has six CBSE affiliated schools, namely

  St Paul's Sr.Sec. School (Convent),

  Sardar Vallabh Bai Patel school(State Government),

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  Central Academy (Sree Cement),

  Kendriya Vidhyalaya (Central Government),

  B L Gothi School (Recently affiliated),

  Vivekanand International College (affiliated to AAIDU Allahabad),

  Aaryabhatta Academy (Recently affiliated), and

  Mangal Newton School (Recently affiliated).

Culture

Baba Ramdev ji Beawar Fair is known by tourists.[citation needed ] Locals of Beawar gather to celebrate Baadshah, whichmeans "King". The Baadshah travels across the town to reach the Mayor's office, spraying color all over the towncelebrate the festival of colors Holi. It is celebrated in memory of the one-day king "Agarwal".

"Baadshah" is decorated with traditional style and goes up to the magistrate office where it plays and gives itsresolutions for the public. In front of it, another person, "Beerbal", dances in his special style on this auspiciousoccasion.

On the day of "Baadshah", there are performances by localized people in "Teliwara" as well as near the Suraj Pol gate.

Geography

Beawar is located at 26.1° N 74.32° E. It has an average elevation of 439 metres (1440 feet). For better and clear viewing of old urban area map click on this link -

Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Beawar had a population of 223,701. Males constitute 52% of the population and females48%. Beawar has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 58% of the malesand 42% of females literate[citation needed ]. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Beawar has several templessuch as Neel Kanth Mahadev dedicated to Lord Shiva, Ganesh Temple , or Badarbattu Ka Mandir, near Arvind KiranaStore Outside Suraj Pol Gate, and the Balaji Maharaj(Hanuman) at Sree Cement.

Church

  Shoolbread Memorial C. N. I. Church of Beawar Rajasthan ( It is the First Church of Rajasthan at Beawar.)

  Infant Jesus Church in the St. Paul's Sr. Sec. School

Kekri

Kekri is a city and a municipality in Ajmer district in the Indian state of  Rajasthan. 

Geography

Kekri is located at  25°58′N  75°09′E / 25.97°N 75.15°E[1]. Earlier this city was known as kanakawati Nagari,named on the Name of princess kanakawati, but now it is known as Kekri. It is mainly an industrial area having anAgricultural mandi, Oil Meels and some Other industries. Theare are so many tamples like Charbhuja Mandil, Bijasanmata mandir, Jain mandir, Laxminatji mandir, Shiv mandir, Kekradheesh mandir etc. The main source of water supplyis Bisalpur Dam. It is centrally situated among Rajsthan's major cities Ajmer, Jaipur, Kota, Bhilwara and Tonk.. Thereis Govt. sr. sec. school (separate for boys and girls), Govt. College, Alok Science College, Gurukul Commerce and ArtCollage, ITI. BEd. and lots of other English and Hindi medium schools. There are meany other institutes also for computers and other courses. There is one health care center or Govt. Hospital and other private nursing homes arealso nearly located to it. Kekri 80KM from Ajmer and 130KM from Jaipur.

Demographics

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As of 2001 Kekri had a population of 34,129. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kekri has anaverage literacy rate of %, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is51%. In Kekri, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. 'now coming soon IT Hub at kekri 

There are 10 mobile network - BSNL, Airtel, Vodafone, Idea, Reliance, Tata Indicom, Tata Docomo, MTS India,Cheers, and Aircel.

Kinipu… 

Kiranipura is a census town in Ajmer district in the Indian state of  Rajasthan. 

Demographics

As of 2001 India census[1], Kiranipura had a population of 4941. Males constitute 51% of the population and females49%. Kiranipura has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%,and female literacy is 66%. In Kiranipura, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Contents: - Princely history/ Demographics/ Kishangarh Painting/ Bani Than

Kishangarh

Kishangarh ( in Hindi) is a city and a municipality in Ajmer district in the Indian state of  Rajasthan. It lies

18 miles north-west of  Ajmer . It is well connected via Indian Railways and  National Highway #8. It is the birth placeof the Kishangarh style of painting, which is known for the beautiful depiction of a courtesan known as Bani Thani. Inrecent years, Kishangarh has come to be known as the marble city of India. It is purported to be the only place in theworld with a temple of nine planets.

Princely history

Kishangarh was founded by the Jodhpur   prince Kishan Singh in 1609 by Kishan Singh.

Princely flag of KishangarhCoat of Arms (1893)

Kishangarh was the capital of the eponymous  princely state during the British Raj, which was located in the Rajputana agency. It had an area of 2210 km² (858 miles²) and a population in 1901 of 90,970. This figure for populationrepresented a decrease of 27% over the census figure of 1891, something presumably attributable to the famine of 1899-1900. The state enjoyed an estimated revenue of Rs.34,000/- and paid no tribute to the  British Raj. In 1840, Prithvi Singh, became the 15th Maharaja of Kishangarh, and reigned till his death in 1879, after which he wassucceeded by his son, Sardul Singh  [1].The famous kishangarh fort was captured by Pakistani troops during the 1965war and the Pakistani flag was hoisted on the fort.

Major Daulat Singh ji from Sardar Singh ji ki Dhani was Prime Misnister of Shahpura State, later on he was Jagir 

Commissioner in Govt of Rajasthan, He has served Rajasthan State as distinguished bureocrate, later on he washonoured having accorded with the Managing Director The bank of Rajasthan Ltd.

Prithvi Singh (r.1840-1879), 15th Maharaja of Kishangarh, early 1870s.

The state was founded in the early 17th century by Kishan Singh, a younger son of the raja of Jodhpur , during thereign of Akbar (r.1556-1605)[1]. He was a courtier of the Mughals, and was rewarded for services rendered to theemperor   Akbar . In 1818, Kishangarh first came into direct relations with the British  by entering into a treaty, incommon its neighbouring states, for the suppression of the Pindari marauders by whom the country was at that timeoverrun. The chief, who held the title of  Maharaja, was a Rajput of the Rathor  clan.

Maharaja Madan Singh ascended the throne in 1900 at the age of sixteen, at a time when the state was reeling from the

impact of a devastating drought. The administration under him and his diwan was widely deemed worthy of approbation; irrigation from tanks and wells was extended and factories for ginning and pressing cotton were started.A social reform movement for discouraging excessive expenditure on marriages made remarkable impact during hisreign.

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The present maharaja (sic) is Brijraj Singhji. The town of Kishangarh has a beautiful palace-hotel known asPhoolMahal. The city also has a large pond known as the Gond Talav. There are many picnic and religious placessituated at the banks of Gond Talav such as Mukham Vilas and Bhairu Ghat. The city also have a small temple of nine planets known as NavGrah. The Kishangarh Fort is being surrounded by canal that was built by Kishan Singh.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census[2], Kishangarh had a population of 116,156. Males constitute 53% of the population and

females 47%. Kishangarh has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacyis 72%, and female literacy is 52%. In Kishangarh, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Kishangarh Painting

Kishangarh Painting [3]. emerged as a distinctive style in the middle of 18th century under the patronage of MaharajaSawant Singh. Nihal Chand, a gifted artist in the Maharaja's court, produced some highly individualistic Radha andsophisticated works. The chief characteristics of the Kishengarh paintings were the elongation of human faces, lavishuse of green and depiction of panoramic landscapes. Portrayal of Radha and Krishna in elongated faces is a commonsubject of Kishangarh paintings. The elongated neck, the long stylised eyes with drooping eyelids, the thin lips and pointed chin of Radha standing in a graceful pose with her head covered with a muslin odhni, is undoubtedly the moststriking creation of the Kishangarh school. This style continued into the 19th century and a series of paintings of the

Gita Govinda were produced in 1820.

Bani Thani

The most famous Kishangarh painting is called Bani Thani.[4] The Indian government has engraved it on one of it's postal stamps. The Bani Thani style of painting got its name from a story with a twist of romance to it. In theKishangarh court during the 18th century there ruled a poet-king called Raja Samant Singh (1699 – 1764) who had eyesonly fo Bni Thni, cou inge nd poe. Bni Thni‘ eye wee wh dew Smn Singh o he, nd o did he inging. Seeing Bni Thni inging in hi cou ech dy helped he king‘ he gow fonde. Now Smn Singhwrote poetry under the name of Nagari Das, and since Bani Thani was a poet in her own right too, love was not far  behind.

Nasirabad

Contents:- History/ Demographics/ Overview/ Education/ Transportation 

Nasirabad  (Hindi:   , Urdu:   رصان ) i دابآ cantonment  town in Ajmer district  in the Indian  state  of 

Rajasthan. 

History

The name is based on a famous English officer (Sir David Ochterlony), who was honoured with the name "NASIR-UD-DAULA" (the Defender of the State), by Mughal Badshah Shah Alam II. The city is known for its Army population. Many soldiers and officers are posted here every year. Also, this is the second station in Rajputana, after Beawer, where missionary work started in 1860's during the epidemic of Plague.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census[1], Nasirabad had a population of 49,111. Males constitute 58% of the population and females42%. Nasirabad has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%,and female literacy is 64%. In Nasirabad, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.It is surrounded by the Aravaliranges.

Overview

This city has a significance for the Indian Army. Nasirabad Cantonment has one of the biggest firing range in India.The army has almost surrounded this town. As far as the security is concerned this is one of the safest place availablein Rajasthan due to the presence of the Indian Army. The way this city has grown is awesome. People from different

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states of India have been interacting with the local population. THe Indian army again plays an important role in thisactivity. This is one of the most famous place in Rajasthan where the 1857 revolt erupted. This was the place whichrepresented Rajasthan in this mutiny.

The city is surrounded with Ajmer, Beawer, and Kishangarh. The GAIL has made this an important place. The largestGas Plant in Asia is situated in Dilwara, Nasirabad. With the development of this Gas Plant ample of opportunitieshave raised. Transportation system is a vital player in this as the transportation of Gas and Petroleum products is anecessary activity with this.

 Nasirabad is a charming, little town where you will still find horse-drawn carts, home-based oil-pressers, and small-time jewellers catering to the neighbouring villages. There is a famous eatable known as Kachora, available. This is around shaped fried chapati with an abnormal size. A Kachora normally weighs 500 to 600 grams. This is full of spicesand is one of the most famous mouth watering eatable. The Halwai or the one who prepares these Kachoras isChawanni Lal Halwai. Kachora is widely appreciated as a morning snack and people come from far-off places to eatit. Smt. Krishna Kumari is a lady who was awarded by Prime Minister of that time Shri Chandra Shekhar in the year 1991 for her best services in Guide. Param Vir Chakra Abdul Hamid was under training as a soldier when our war  broke out with Pakistan in 1965. He was sent to the front and destroyed USA's Patton Tanks numbering 8-10 singlehanded and died setting an example of etreme bravery. Another high point of Nasirabad Cantt is that former PrimeMinsiter Zulfikar Ali Bhotto was first commissioned in the army. Lastly tbe Band of Grenadiers Regimental Centre issent to Delhi in ceremonial parades.

Education

Kendriya Vidyalaya  Sangathan has achieved highest ratio of passed students for last decades for tenth & twelfthstandard board Examinations. Other CBSE schools are: Army School, St. Johns, Ravindra Public Secondary School,etc.

Transportation

 Nasirabad Cantonment is well connected with railways (Broad Gauge of Indian Railways) and also connected withGolden Quadrilateral of Delhi - Mumbai route. Closest Airport is Sanganer Airport, Jaipur which is around 135km

from the city. Nasirabad has largest number of trailer owners in India.

Pushkar 

Pushkar (Hindi:  प    ु षकर ) is a town in the Ajmer district in the state of  Rajasthan, India. It is situated at 14 km North

West from Ajmer  at an average elevation of 510 metres (1673 feet), and is one of the five sacred dhams (pilgrimagesites for devout Hindus). It is often called "Tirth Raj" - the king of pilgrimage sites - and has in recent years become a popular destination for foreign tourists.

Pushkar is one of the oldest cities of  India. Pushkar lies on the shore of  Pushkar Lake. The date of its actual origin isnot known, but legend associates Lord Brahma with its creation. It is mentioned that Brahma performed penance here

for 60,000 years to have a glimpse of  Vishnu. 

Pushkar has many temples. Most of the temples are not very old, since many were destroyed during Muslim conquestsin the area.[citation needed ] Subsequently, the destroyed temples were re-built. The most famous among all is the BrahmaTemple  built during the 14th century AD. Very few temples to Lord Brahma  exist anywhere in the world. Other temples of  Brahma  include Bithoor   in Uttar Pradesh,  India; village Asotra near Balotra  city of  Barmer district  inRajasthan; Mother Temple of Besakih in Bali, Indonesia; and Prambanan in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The Pushkar lakehas 52 ghats where pilgrims descend to the lake to bathe in the sacred waters. Pushkar is also famous for its annualPushkar Camel Fair . 

The natural environment of Pushkar and the sacred lake has become increasingly degraded in the last few decades.The problems stem mainly from over-development of tourist facilities and the deforestation of the surrounding area.[1] 

Contents: - Etymology/ History/ Places to see/ Pushkar Fair/ Camel Safari in Pushkar/ Other Attractions/

Demographics/ Transport/ Air/ Road/ Rail

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Etymology

Pushkar seen from Saraswati temple

Deity inside the Brahma temple at Pushkar, Rajasthan 

Pushkar in Sanskrit means blue lotus flower .[2] Hindus believe that the gods released a swan with a lotus in its beak and let it fall on earth where Brahma would perform a grand yagna. The place where the lotus fell was called Pushkar.

History

Pushkar is one of the oldest cities of India. The date of its actual founding is not known, but legend associates LordBrahma with its creation. It is mentioned that Brahma performed penance here for 60,000 years to have glimpse of Radha Krishna. 

According to legend, Brahma was in search of a place for  Mahayagna and he found this place suitable.After a longtime, Brahma came to known that a demon, Vajranash, was killing people here so the Lord intoned a mantra on a lotusflower and killed the demon.During this process the parts of flower fell on three places which were later known asJyaistha, Madhya and Kanistha Pushkar. After this Brahma performed a yagna to protect this place from demons.Theconsort of Brahma, Saraswathi, were needed to offer  Ahuti for the yagna but she was not there that time so Gayatri, aGurjar  girl, was married to brahma and performned yagna.This act made first wife of Brahma, Saraswathi, angry andshe curshed Brahma saying that he would be worshiped in Pushkar only.[3] From that day the priests in Pushkar templeare from Gurjar  community.[4] 

The Ramayan  mentions Pushkar and says that Vishvamitra  performed tapa  here. It further says that the Apsara Menaka came to Pushkara to bathe in its sacred waters.

The Mahabharata  says that while laying down a programme for Maharaja Yudhishthara‘ vel, ―Mhj fe entering the Jungles of Sind and crossing the small rivers on the way should bathe in Pushkara". And, as per VamanPurana, Prahlada on his pilgrimage to holy places visited Pushkarayana.

A  Gurjara Pratihara  (Gurjar) ruler of  Mandore, Nahadarava, restored this tirtha  in the seventh century. He got the place cleared and the lake restored by making an embankment on the side of the river Luni. He rebuilt old palaces and

 built twelve dharmashalas (resting places) and ghats on three sides of the lake.

According to Rajputana Gazetteer Pushkar was held by Chechi Gurjars (Gujjars) till about 700 years ago.Later Someshrines were occupied by Kanphati Jogis.[5] 

There are still priests from Gujar  community in Pushkar temple, known as Bhopas.[6] 

The sage Parasara is said to have been born here. His descendants, called Parasara Brahamanas, are found in Pushkar and the surrounding area. The famous temple of  Jeenmata has been cared for by Parasara Brahmans for the last 1,000years. Pushkarana Brahamanas may also have originated here.

It is also the venue of the annual  Pushkar Camel Fair . In 1901, the town was part of the Rajputana Agency had a population of 3,831.[7] 

Places to see

The Pushkar Lake 

The Brahma temple at Pushkar 

  The Sri Sawai Bhoj Temple[8]

 

  Jagat Pita Shri Brahma temple 

  Varaha temple

  Apteshwar Mahadev temple

  Savitri temple

  Temple of Rangji (New and Old) or Shri Vaikunthnathji

  Man Mahal

  Gurudwara Singh Sabha (Patrons: Jaswinder Singh & Harmeet Bhatti)

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  Varah Temple. This temple is to God Vishnu. It is one of the most visited temples in Pushkar city. It is said

that Lord Vishnu gave a visit to this area to kill an atrocious demon Hirnayaksha.

Fairs 

  Nagaur Fair

  Pushkar Fair 

  Tejaji fair

Pushkar Fair

Pushkar fair continues for five days and these five days are a period of relaxation and merry-making for the villagers.This fair time is the most busy time for them, as this is one of the largest cattle fairs in the country. Animals, includingover 50,000 camels, are brought from miles around to be traded and sold.[9] Trading is brisk as several thousand headsof cattle exchange hands. All the camels are cleaned, washed, adorned, some are interestingly shorn to form patterns,and special stalls are set up selling finery and jewelery for the camels. Camels at the Pushkar fair are decorated withgreat care. They wear jewelery of silver and beads. There are silver bells and bangles around their ankles that janglewhen they walk. An interesting ritual is the piercing of a camel's nose. It has more than 400 temples including the onlyone temple in India dedicated to the Hindu God Lord Brahma, the Creator of the Universe.

According to Indian Mythology, after visiting all the Hindu pilgrim towns and temples (Four Dhams), if Pushkar isnot visited for Pooja, then salvation is not achieved. According to the Hindu calendar Pushkar Fair commences in Nawami (Ninth Moon) and ends in Purnima (Full Moon) in the month of Kartika, which can be in October or  November depending on the Moon calendar In Pushkar, one of the biggest Cattle Fair is also held for trading purposesand the best cattle in all categories are awarded. Countless people in their colourful attire gather to take a dip in theHoly Lake and pray to the deities. The whole town comes alive with vibrant folk music and dances, magic shows,horse and camel races and various other traditional entertainment competitions.Pushkar, with more than 12 local fairsand festivals of 10 – 15 days duration is a year round destination. It is a mellow town by the great lake of Pushkar amidst the perfume of jasmine and rose flowers. More than 4,000 to 6,000 visitors from all over the world come toPushkar everyday.[citation needed ] 

Camel Safari in Pushkar

Tourists can explore the rugged terrain of the Great Indian Desert of  Thar  using camels. The Aravalli Range here isone of the world's oldest mountain ranges, and has sandy fields, small dunes, beautiful hills and mesmerizing sunrisesand sunsets.

The camel safaris in Pushkar will take Tourists to destinations where they will witnesses small villages along the wayand during crop harvesting, the views are exceptionally enticing.

Other Attractions

Ghats at Pushkar lake, Rajasthan 

A visit to Bhandarej, Bhangarh and Fort Madhopur from  Jaipur  via Dausa Town by an Indica or Ambassador taxiwould cost about Rs 2,000. Expect rates to go up considerably in the high season.

Ajmer  is the nearest tourist attraction that lays outside the city boundaries of Pushkar.

Located 27 kilometres away from Ajmer, there is Kishangarh, famous for its miniature paintings, more popularlyknown as Bani Thani. 

Pushkar Lake- The prime attraction of Pushkar is the Pushkar Lake which is considered sacred like the Mansarovar Lake in Tibet. Pushkar has become a place of Hindu pilgrimage because of this holy lake. Legend has it that this lakewas consecrated to Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe when a lotus dropped from his hand into the vale and alake emerged in that place.

Brahma Temple- The most important temple in Pushkar is the Temple of Lord Brahma, one of the holy trinity of Hinduism. In fact it is the only Hindu shrine in the world where Lord Brahma is worshipped. The temple enshrines alife-size idol of Lord Brahma.

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Savitri Temple- This temple that is located at the top of the Ratnagiri Hill is dedicated to Savitri, the wife of LordBrahma. The temple houses a magnificent statue of Goddess Savitri.

Old Pushkar- Old Pushkar lake is rebuilt and is located around 5 km from Pushkar lake. According to the ancienttexts, Old Pushkar has equal cultural and religious significance for the pilgrims.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[10]

 Pushkar had a population of 14,789. Males constitute 54% of the population and females46%. Pushkar has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%,and female literacy is 60%. In Pushkar, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Transport

Air

The nearest airport from Pushkar is Sanganer Airport  at Jaipur   at distance of 146 km from Pushkar which is wellconnected with all the major cities which include Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Indore, Jodhpur and Udaipur.

Road

Pushkar is 11 km from main Ajmer   bus stand. Rajasthan Roadways run very comfortable deluxe buses from Jaipur.There are buses from Jaipur to Ajmer , Indore,  Nagda for every 15 minutes. Pushkar is about a 2 and a half hour drivefrom Jaipur .[11] 

Rail

The nearest railway station from Pushkar is Ajmer , which is on the Broad Gauge and hence connected to the metrocities of India like  New Delhi,  Mumbai,  Kolkata,  Chennai,  Hyderabad,  Bengaluru,  Ahmedabad,  Indore,  Kanpur , Lucknow, Patna, Bhopal, Trivandrum, Cochin etc. A Broad Gauge track is being laid from Ajmer  to Pushkar.

Sarwar 

Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/

Sarwar is a city and a municipality in Ajmer district in the Indian state of  Rajasthan. 

Geography

Sarwar is located at  26°04′N 75°00′E / 26.07°N 75.0°E[1]. It has an average elevation of 337 metres (1105 feet).

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[2] Sarwar had a population of 16,194. Males constitute 52% of the population and females48%. Sarwar has an average literacy rate of 47%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 61%, andfemale literacy is 32%. In Sarwar, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sarwar is 16KM from town kekriand 64KM from District Ajmer.

Vijainagar 

Vijainagar is a city and a municipality in Ajmer district in the Indian state of  Rajasthan. 

Demographics

As of 2001 India census[1], Vijainagar had a population of 27,688. Males constitute 52% of the population and females48%. Vijainagar has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%,and female literacy is 60%. In Vijainagar, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

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Bhilwara district

Bhilwara District is a district of the state  of  Rajasthan  in western India. The town of  Bhilwara  is the districtheadquarters.

Contents

  1 Geography and Demographics 

  2 Administrative set-up 

  3 References   4 External links 

Geography and Demographics

The district has an area of 10,455 km², and a population of 2,009,516 (2001 census), which increased 26.14% from1991 to 2001. Known for its textile Industries. It is bounded on the north by Ajmer District, on the east by BundiDistrict, on the south by Chittorgarh District, and on the west by Rajsamand District. State Highway (Jaipur-Udaipur) passes through the district, as does a  broad gauge railway line measuring 84 km and connecting Ajmer  with Khandwa in Madhya Pradesh. The nearest airport is at Udaipur  (171 km).

Administrative set-up

There are 8 sub-divisions in the district: Bhilwara, Banera, Shahpura, Gangapur , Gulabpura, Mandal, Mandalgarh andJahazpur . Under these sub-divisions there are 12 Tehsils: Bhilwara, Banera, Mandal, Mandalgarh, Beejoliya, Kotri, Shahpura, Jahazpur , Sahada, Raipur , Asind, Hurda. There are four Sub Tehsils also named Kareda (Mandal), Badnor (Asind), Hamirgarh (Bhilwara) and Puliakalan (Shahpura). Similarly there are 1783 villages as per census of 2001.

Bhilwara

Contents:- History/ Location/ Demographics/ Economy/ Infrastructure/ Electricity/ Water/ Road Connectivity/ RailTransport/ Air Transport/ Communication Facilities/ Educational Facilities/Institutions/ Transport/ Social and cultural

significance/ Engineering/ Medical/ Urology/ Cardiology/ Concern area/ Tourism 

Bhilwara is the city in Mewar  region of  Rajasthan, India.The Cloth & Industrial city has its own uniquenesswhich makes it as a special district in Rajasthan.

Bhilwara "The City of Cloth Culture & Calmness"

History

The Textile City of India has very fine history. When Arjuna was going to Dwarika with all Gopis during

Mahabharata period. He was passing through the present Bhilwara region. There was a war of  Arjuna &Bhils. Local tradition reveals that it came to be known as Bhilwara because it was mostly inhabited by Bhil tribes in old days. These Bhils were eventually driven away towards the hilly tracts and interior places of less importance by the ancestors of the peasant settlers. It is said to have come up in the middle of the 11thcentury when a Bhil tribal, supposedly one of the first settlers, built a shiva temple on the site of the existing"Bada Mandir" or "Jataun ka Mandir". This is in the area called Purana Bhilwara, the oldest part of the town.If we are to believe this, the town is more than 900 years old .[1] Ironically enough, now very few Bhils livein this area. Another version recounts that the present Bhilwara city had a mint where coins known as'BHILADI' were minted and from this denomination was derived the name of the district. A town nearby thecity named "Mandal" is assumed to be the base of the Mughals when they attacked Chittor Garh, themoughal forces camped near the "talab" of the town of  Mandal, ruins of the camp can still be seen there. A

tower served as light house was also built on a small hill in Mandal, know known as "Mandara (minar)" thissmall hill also houses a devi temple. Bhilwara's history can be back to prehistoric period when neolithicculture was flourishing at Bagore village. A pillar said to be of first century BC at  Nandsa village isevidence of  Vedic rituals and culture. Classical ' Nagar ' style of temple architect can be seen at temples of 

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Menaal (Mahanaleshwer), Gurlan, Gadarmala, Momi, Kanpura and Mandalgarh  places.Another notablelandmark is the Badnore Fort located some 70 km from Bhilwara. It is a seven storeys fort on the top of ahill & built in medieval Indian Military style of architecture.Bhilwara is also known as the city of "CLOTH".

Location

Bhilwara (English pronunciation: /bilvɑ/) is located at 25°21′N 74°38′E / 25.35°N 74.63°E.[2] It has anaverage elevation of 421 metres (1381 feet).Major rivers flowing through the district are Banas, Bedach,

Kothari, Khari, Mansi, Menali, Chandrabhaga and Nagdi. There is not any natural lake in the district but onthe other hand there are number of ponds and dams so the district is the most irrigated through the ponds inthe state of Rajasthan.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census[3], Bhilwara had a population of 20,09,516. Males constitute 53% of the populationand females 47%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. There was a question in Kaun BanegaCrorepati (KBC), whose answer was Bhilwara has the highest no. of registered private motor vehicles

(four wheelers) in World.i.e. Per capita density of regd. private four wheelers is highest in Asia[citation needed ].This also is indicative of density of millionaire is highest in Asia.This city is running with the blessings of all religions.

Bhilwara is 7th largest city of Rajasthan. It comes third in Chartered Accountancy Examination resultsafter Mumbai and Jodhpur. Only Textile Engineering College of Rajasthan is in Bhilwara. All World

Gayatri Pariwar Centre 'Gayatri Shaktipeeth', situated at Roadways Bus Stand. Vivekananda KendraKanyakumari Branch Bhilwara is vibhag of ten districts of Rajasthan. The city has got more than 300 parks-small as well as big-crowning it with the highest number of parks in the state.

Economy

The major industry is textiles, with more than 4000 manufacturing units in the town. There is also a hugecloth market. The main textile product is synthetic fabric used in trousers. The city is a market for mica,grains, cotton, and wool. Its manufactures include textiles and metalware. It was the immense effort of Lt.Sh. Jugal Kishore Sharaf and then Lt. Sh. Chetan Sharaf owner of "Jugal Kishore Mica corp." That played acrucial role in Bhilwara being a major Mica producing area. Mansinghka Family, Agrawal Family, Sonifamily, Gaggar Family, Saxena Family, Mali Family, Jaiswal Family, Sabharwal Family, Chabra Family,Bhadada Family are well known business families, M/s. Ashok Kumar Daruka has had a major share inexport of Mica worldwide, has impact on the development of the city.

Right Concept Marketing[4] (RCM) a Multi-Level Marketing Company  based on the concept of  Amway has been originated from this town which currently Ranks No.1 in India. A total Customer base of more then 10

Million and an annual turnover of more then 1500 crores distinct itself from other historic businessesoriginated in this region.

Bhilwara is the one of the major textile centre of the Country. It is prominent in manufacturer of P/V blended yarn and suiting. The turn over of the textile industry is more than Rs. 10,000 crore p.a. It has 9major spinning mills and 5 small spinning mills. The total spindlage installed at Bhilwara are approx. 4.50lacs about 40% of the State capacity. It has 18 modern process houses to process polyester/viscose suitingwith the capacity of 50-55 crore meters of fabric p.a. In weaving sector it has approx. 13,500 looms out of which about 9000 are modern shuttleless looms. Exports of textiles from the district is of more than Rs.2750 crore p.a.

It is the only center in the country producing insulation bricks. There are about 25 units. In mining sector large scale mining of sand stone, which is also exporting. The other major mining activity is in soap stonemining, the talcum powder manufactured by UMDS and other Minerals like Feldspar,Quartz, China Clay byABC Limitless Holdings is supplied to all major manufacturing units.

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The growth rate of bhilwara is very high in rajasthan. Some readymade garments showroom with goodquality of products are Vardhaman Vastralay, Veshbhusha, Nu-Wave, Pulse, Lotus. They work on MBO(Multi Brand Outlet) System. Nagori Garden is the main hub for readymade garments.

Infrastructure 

Electricity

Bhilwara receives electricity from Kota, Beawar, Rana Pratap Sagar Power Station (Rawatbhata) and Nimbahera. All the 1,565 villages have been electrified.

Water 

The main rivers in the district are Banas, Beduch, Kothari, Khari, Menaali, Unli and Meaj. The water tablein the district is comparatively high between 10 to 20 meters. The district has about 86,600 wells andthousands of tube-wells, providing drinking water and irrigation facilities. Ground water in the district isfresh and generally considered as potable although the concentration in fluoride was regularly above normal,and can cause fluorosis. 

Road Connectivity

The National Highway No. 79 part of the Golden Quardrilateral (Four Lane) and another National No. 76 part of the East West Corridor (Four Lane) passes through the district. The total length of both section is120 km. South State Highway (Jaipur-Udaipur) passes through the district. The total road length in thedistrict is 3,883 km as on 31 March 2000.

Rail Transport

A  broad gauge railway line connects Ajmer, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Delhi, Bharatpur, Agra, Gwalior, Lucknow,Kanpur, Allahabad, Patna, Kolkata, Chittorgarh, Udaipur, Ratlam, Vadodara, Surat, and Mumbai passes

through the district. 

Air Transport

The nearest airport is at Udaipur  (150 km) takes approx 2 hrs, 35 mins by road and other the nearest airportis at Jaipur  (251 km) takes about 4 hrs by road. International Airport Nearest Jaipur ,  New Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad. 

Communication Facilities

(No.)

  Post Offices 391

  Telegraph Offices 95

  Telephone exchanges 71

  Public call offices 1,180

  An airstrip is available at Kherabad approximately 22 kms. away from Bhilwara city.

Educational Facilities/Institutions

(No.)

  Primary and Middle Schools 2,009

  Higher Secondary and Secondary Schools 212

  Under Graduate and Post Graduate Colleges 7

  Engineering colleges= 2

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Transport

The city is connected by National Highway No. 79 through Jaipur , Ajmer  and Udaipur , which makes themajor cities accessile. The four lane highway is part of golden quadrilateral highway project of India andconnects Bhilwara with major cities. Bhilwara is connected by Broad gauge railway line network as of July2007 (Appox.). The city has its own traffic style and parking style. Though the nos of vehicles are too much

 but there is no jam (a city without traffic lights).

Social and cultural significance

Besides Bhilwara's popularity in name of textile industry, it has a very strong cultural heritage base.Bhilwara is also famous for following cultural and social elements:

  Art: Great Indian Miniature artist Badri Lal Chitrakar highlights the city on international maps for Indian

Miniature Art. He has been given Shilp Guru award by Vice-President of India in 9 September 2006.

Bhilwara is also famous for its FAD PAINTINGS which are actually depiction of traditional stories on cloth

using naturally available colours. Joshi family from Shahpura,Bhilwara is famous for such paintings.

  Gazak: famous sweet. It is made up of Til and famous around whole Rajasthan.

  Sports: Bhilwara is the source of National Basketball team players. This city is considered to be the mine of 

basketball players. Coach Mohit Bhandari is the present National coach for Basketball. Famous chess player

Abhijeet Gupta belongs to this city.

Bhilwara is The city has many other state and national level tennis players, some of them being Prateek Kabra ,Rahul Bolia ,brothers Akhil and Anish Pokharna, Priyesh Agarwal and Naveen Nathrani.

  Chess: Abhijeet Gupta World chess champion is also from bhilwara.

  Cricket : has been the most highly appreciated game here. It has produced many great players which

represented in the national team, some of them being; Shailendra Singh Gehlot, Aayush Agarwal, Narendra

Chaudhary, Siddharth Sharma, Ishvar and many more.

On the Administration part it has been the limelight in RCA (Rajasthan Cricket Association) with some of the great administrators like Rakesh Agarwal, Mahendra Nahar, Chandra Prakash Ojha helped developingcricket in this great historic town. With their combine efforts first time an International Cricket TeamBangladesh came to play here. Rakesh Agarwal and Mahendra Nahar has also represented BCCI[5], thehighest cricketing body in India and its domestic T20 Leagues Indian Premier League[6] and ChampionsLeague T20[7]. Deepak Sharma currently is among few International Scorer in India deputed by BCCI(Board of Control for Cricket in India[8]).

  Shitala Devi Saptami: People from Bhilwara indulges themselves more on this festival as compared to Holi (a

week after). People eat cold food on the day, as a dedication to celebrate last winter festival. Besides many

other real stories are told behind it.

  Makhan Bda :Is another famous sweet.

Engineering

ITM Bhilwara MLVT Govt. college

Medical

 Now Bhilwara has large number of hospitals. Smt. Kesar Bai Soni Hospital Assisted By Apollo HospitalAhmedabad, Arihant Eye Hospital,Red crescent Uro-Surgical Hospital, Krishna Hospital and many more.

The facility of serving the people in low cost make bhilwara as a medical hub.

Urology

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There are some hospitals for urology that is why bhilwara is famous for its treatment of urology disordersdue to specialized urological hospitals. urological trauma can be treated,prostate cancer,appendix,plasticsurgery of excretory organs and many more.here in bhilwara patients of urology gets every type of treatmentregarding urological disorders with new and modern techniques and machines. some urological specializedhospital is Red Crescent Uro-Surgical Hospital.

Cardiology

Bhilwara also provides facility for cardiac patients with modern machines there are many hospitals which provides cardiac treatment.the government hospital mahatma gandhi hopital also provides cardiac treatmentfor BPL CARD HOLDERS at low rates of cost.

Concern area

The major area of concern is of shortage of water.For this the government is working hardly so that bhilwara people will get water from chambal river.

Tourism

  Badnore Fort: is 70 km from Bhilwara on the Bhilwara Asind road.

  Bijoliyan Mandakini Temple

The town situated in the South East of Bhilwara. It is close to the borders of the District Bundi. The ancientname of Bijoliya was Vindhyavali. It is walled with two gates (North and South) and picturesquely situatedon a plateau called the UPARMAL. Objects of historical interests are three Saivite temples, probably of thetenth century. A reservoir called the Mandakini Baori with steps, five Jain temples dedicated to Parswnath.The remains of a palace and two rock inscriptions deserve mention. The Jain temples, situated about 1.5 kmof the south east were built by Mahajan Lala in the time of the Chauhan Raja Someshwar of Ajmer in 1170

AD. One of them is considered scared containing a complete small model of a temple inside. The rock inscriptions are both dated 1170 AD.

  Shahpura Ramdwara

Capital of the erstwhile state of Shahpura, the town houses the headquarters of the sub division, tehsil, panchayat samiti of the same name. It is about 58 km from district headquarters. The rulers of the erstwhilechiefship of Shahpura belonged to the Sisodia clan of Rajputs. Shahpura is a place of pilgrimage for thefollowers of the Ram Snehi's sect. Founded by the Hindus in 1804. They have a shrine in the town known asRam Dwara. The chief priest of Ram Dwara is the head of the sect. Pilgrims from all over the world visit theshrine through out the year. Ram Snehi is an Internation Hindu sect. An annual fair Phool Dol Ka Mela is

held here on Phagun Sukla 15 (March – April) for five days. About one lakh people attend the fair. It is alsofamous for PHAD painitings.

  Mandalgarh Menal Water fall

The place, situated at a distance of 54 km towards South-East of Bhilwara. It is sub division, tehsil and panchayat samiti of same name. The place is of historical importance because it was the scene of many afierce battle during the mediaeval times, according to the Muslim historians. The place was taken twice byMahmud Khilji of Malwa in the middle of the fifteenth century, and subsequently appears to have belongedalternately to the Ranas of Mewar and the Mughal Emperors. In or about 1650 A.D. Shah Jahan granted it inJagir to Raja Roop Singh of kishanGarh, who partially built a palace here, but Rana Raj Singh retook it in

1660 AD. Twenty years later captured the palace and in 1700 AD. made it over to Jhujar Singh Chief of Pisangan (now in Ajmer district ) from whom it wasrecovered by Rana Amar Singh in 1706 AD., and itsince then remained in the uninterrupted possession of his successors. To the North-West is a fort about half a mile in length with a low rampart wall and bastions encircling the crest of the hill on which it stands. The

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fort is said to have been constructed by a chief of the Balnote Clan of Rajputs (a branch of Solankis). Thereis an old temple Jaleshwar by name (1619 v.s.) The fort also houses a temple dedicated to Shiva.

  Pur Udan Chatri

It is situated at about 10 km from bhilwara city. It is famouls for it Udan Chatri, Adhar Shila, and Patolamahadev. The Bhilwara Municipal corporation is developing a tourist place at Gata Rani Mandir.

Asind

Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/Pilgrim place 

Asind is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the state of  Rajasthan, India. 

Geography

Asind is located at 25°44′N 74°20′E / 25.73°N 74.33°E.[1] It has an average elevation of 467 metres

(1532 feet).

Asind is also the name of a Chinese Company located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of  China. 

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[2] Asind had a population of 14,118. Males constitute 51% of the population andfemales 49%. Asind has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with63% of the males and 37% of females literate. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Pilgrim place

Sri Sawai Bhoj Temple, Asind

Sri Sawai Bhoj Temple is famous temple of  Bhilwara.Sri Sawai Bhoj was father of Lord Devnarayan andwas one of the 24 brave Gurjar   brothers named as Bagaravats. The Sawai Bhoj Temple in Bhilwara isclaimed to be more than 400 years old.

Bijolia

Contents:- Geography/Demographics / History/ Tourism/ Bijolia inscription/ Jain temple/ Education/ Transport links/ By Air/ By Road/ By Train 

Beejoliya Kalan is a census town in Bhilwara district in the state of  Rajasthan, India. 

Geography

Beejoliya Kalan is located at 25°10′N 75°19′E / 25.17°N 75.32°E[1]. It has an average elevation of 512 m(1,680 ft). The town situated in the South East of Bhilwara. It is close to the borders of the District Bundi. Itis walled with two gates (North and South) and picturesquely situated on a plateau called the UPARMAL. Itis 50 km from Bundi on the Bundi-Chittauragarh road.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[2] Beejoliya Kalan had a population of 12,384. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Beejoliya Kalan has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national

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average of 59.5%; with 59% of the males and 41% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6years of age.

History

The ancient name of Bijoliya was 'Vindhyavali'. During the Chauhan period, it became a famous centre for art and architecture.

Tourism

The Fort and Shiva temple ae main attractions. The fort is located on Bundi Chttaurgarh road. A high pavedcourtyard on the side of the fort has a large temple of Lord Shiva. A caved archway leads to the temple thathas a fine image of Lord Ganesh. The Shiva temple is called Hajaresvara Mahadeva temple. It has a highlinga surrounded by hundreds of small lingas and hence called Hajaresvara or Sahastralinga. Near byMandakani Kund is a holy water tank.Other attractions are five Jain temples dedicated to Paraswnath andthe remains of a palace and two rock inscriptions.

LIST OF PROTECTED MONUMENTS BY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA IN

RAJASTHAN contains three sites from Bijolia village:

  Mahakalsaz and two other temples

  Rock Inscription (12th century)

  Rock Inscription within the

Bijolia inscription

Bijolia inscription dating back V.E. 1226 (1170 AD) is very important because it throws a new light on theearly history of the Chauhan dynasty.

Jain temple

The Jain temples, situated about 1.5 km of the south east were built by Mahajan Lala in the time of theChauhan Raja Someshwar of Ajmer in 1170 AD. One of them is considered scared containing a completesmall model of a temple inside. The rock inscriptions are both dated 1170 AD.

Education

(1)A.V.S.Public School- In this area an English medium School is also running by parswnath teerth kshetracommittee named of his saint "ACHARYA VIDHYA SAGER PUBLIC SCHOOL". There 452 stuents aretaking education. Presently this is up to 8th standred and going to affileted With C.B.S.E. New Delhi in

neare future. (2)DHARMSHALA A well furnished dharmshala for the jain yatri & others

Transport links

By Air 

 Nearest Airport is Kota which is about 75 km away from bijoliya.

By Road

Bijoliya is situated on National Highway No. 76. Direct buses are available from Udaipur, Chittorgarh,Kota, Indore,Neemuch etc.

By Train

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 Nearest Railway station is "UPERMAL RAILWAY STATION" 8 km from city

Gangapur

Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ History 

Gangapur is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the state of  Rajasthan, India. 

Geography

Gangapur is located at 25°13′N 74°16′E / 25.22°N 74.27°E.[1] It has an average elevation of 495 metres(1624 feet). it was in rule of GWALIOR state before independence.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[2] Gangapur had a population of 17,015. Males constitute 52% of the population

and females 48%. Gangapur has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%:male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 45%. In Gangapur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

History

Headquarter of the Sahara tehsil, this town is situated at a distance of about 46 km in the South-West of thedistrict headquarters. It was part of the erstwhile princely state of Gwalior (now in M.P.) prior toindependence. It is municipal town.

Gulabpura

Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Main Attractions of the City 

Gulabpura is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the Indian state of  Rajasthan. 

Geography

Gulabpura is located at 25°54′N 74°40′E / 25.9°N 74.67°E.[1] It has an average elevation of 397 metres(1302 feet). Gulapura is well known town for the Education and the Textile Besides all of these qualities

gulabpura is in contact with railway & roads directly to delhi and mumbai.& now the city has a world classindustries in field of tiles & wires. There are near about 200 Schools and 4 Colleges and also an IndustrialTraining Institute (I.T.I.).

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[2] Gulabpura had a population of 24,349. Males constitute 54% of the populationand females 46%. Gulabpura has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%:male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 59%. In Gulabpura, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Main Attractions of the City

  Ram Mandir 

  Daunia Balaji-The Lake

  Rajasthan Spinning & Weaving Mills

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  Rajasthan Spin Fade Unit

  Gandhi Vidhyalaya 

  Mukharji Udhyaan 

  Shree Gopal Gaushala

Jahazpur

Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/

Jahazpur is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the Indian state of  Rajasthan. 

Geography

Jahazpur is located at 25°37′N 75°17′E / 25.62°N 75.28°E. It has an average elevation of 334 metres(1095 feet).

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,[1] Jahazpur had a population of 18,816. Males constitute 51% of the population andfemales 49%. Jahazpur has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: maleliteracy is 72%, and female literacy is 45%. In Jahazpur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Mandalgarh

Contents:- History/ Geography/ Demographics

Mandalgarh is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the Indian state of  Rajasthan. 

HistoryThe place, situated at a distance of 54 km towards South-East of Bhilwara. It is sub division,tehsil and

 panchayat samiti of same name.The place is of historical importance because it was the scene of many afierce battle during the mediaeval times,according to the muslim historians.

The place was taken twice by Mahmud Khilji of Malwa in the middle of the fifteenth century, andsubsequently appears to have belonged alternately to the Ranas of Mewar and the Mughal Emperors. In or about 1650, Shah Jahan granted it in Jagir to Raja Roop Singh of kishanGarh, who partially built a palacehere, but Rana Raj Singh retook it in 1660. Twenty years later captured the palace and in 1700 made it over to Jhujar Singh Chief of Pisangan (now in Ajmer district) from whom it was recovered by Rana Amar Singh

in 1706, and it since then remained in the uninterruped possession of his successors.

To the North-West is a fort about half a mile in length with a low rampart wall and bastions encircling thecrest of the hill on which it stands. The fort is said to have been constructed by a chief of the Balnote Clan of Rajputs (a branch of Solankis). There is an old temple Jaleshwar by name (1619 v.s.) The fort also houses atemple dedicated to Shiva

Geography

Mandalgarh is located at 25°12′N 75°06′E / 25.2°N 75.1°E[1]. It has an average elevation of 382 metres (1253 feet).

Demographics

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As of 2001 India census[2], Mandalgarh had a population of 20,161. Males constitute 51% of the populationand females 49%. Mandalgarh has an average literacy rate of 50%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63%, and female literacy is 36%. In Mandalgarh, 15% of the population is under 6years of age.

Shahpura,

Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ History /Hazarat Sujat Ali (R.A) DARGAH /Ram Snehi /Getting thereShahpura is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.

GeographyShhpu i loced 25°38′N 74°56′E / 25.63°N 74.93°E / 25.63; 74.93[1]. It has an average elevation of 364 metres(1194 feet).DemographicsAs of 2001[update] India census[2], Shahpura had a population of 27,698. Males constitute 51% of the population andfemales 49%. Shahpura has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacyis 72%, and female literacy is 50%. In Shahpura, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.HistoryShahpura is known as the jagir (estate) of Surajmal, second son of Maharana Amir Singh I; their title is 'Raja Dhiraj'.Surajmal had two sons, Sujan Singh and Veeramdeo. During Shah Jahan's period, Sujan joined the service of theEmperor, who gave him the district of Phoolia and a mansab (military posting) of 800 Jat (foot soldiers) and 300Sawar (horse or horsemen). In 1643, Sujan Singh's mansab was raised to 1,000 Jat and 500 Sawar, and in 1645, to

1,500 Jat and 700 Sawar. Later, he went to Kandahar with Mughal Prince Aurangzeb and, in 1651, his mansab wasagain raised, to 2,000 Jat and 800 Sawar.When Shah Jahan sent his army, under the command of Saddulla Khan, toChittor to demolish a wall that had been restored in contravention of the 1615 treaty (see AMAR SHINGH I,MAHARANA), Sujan Singh was with him. To revenge Sujan's ungrateful act, Maharana Raj Singh I attackedShahpura (1658) and exacted a penalty of Rs. 22,000/-. Maharana Raj Singh also burnt the area governed by Sujan'syounger brother, Veeramdeo. Later, Shah Jahan sent Sujan to Dharmat to assist Maharana Jaswant Singh in his fightagainst the rebellious Prince Aurangzeb. There, Sujan died with his 5 sons. Veeramdeo, Sujan's brother, also left theMaharana and joined Shah Jahan, where he received the mansab of 800 Jat and 400 Sawar. He fought bravely in theKandahar expeditions and his mansab was raised to 3,000 Jat and 1,000 Sawar. At the battle of Samugadh, Veeramdeowas in the first flank of Mughal Prince Dara's force against Prince Aurangzeb. After Dara was defeated, Veeramdeowent over to Aurangzeb. Later, he was sent to Assam with Ram Singh of Jaipur. After this, he returned to Mathura

with Safshikan Khan, where he died around 1688.Fateh Singh, elder son of Sujan Singh was also killed at Dharmat, and Fateh's son, a minor, succeeded him. Six yearslater, Sujan's fourth son, Daulat Singh, usurped Shahpura and became its ruler. (Fateh's descendants are now atGangwas and Barliawas.) When Aurangzeb attacked Maharana Raj Singh, Daulat was in the Mughal army. Daulat'sson, Bharat Singh, fought for Maharana Sangram Singh II in the battle against Mewati Ranbaj Khan. Bharat wasimprisoned by his son, Umaid Singh, and died in prison. Umaid Singh wanted to make his younger son, Zalim Singh,his successor; to do this; he poisoned his elder son, Udyot Singh. He even wanted to kill his grandson (i.e., Udyot'sson) and sent a soldier to commit the heinous act. The soldier struck but missed, only wounding him. At that moment,Ran Singh's son, Bhim Singh, aged only 14, killed the soldier, and Umaid's dream to make Zalim his successor wasfoiled. Many of Mewar's nobles were against Maharana Ari Singh II (1761-1773). Ari Singh wooed Umaid Singh tohis side and gave him the Paragna Kachola (District of Kachola). Umaid died at Ujjain (see UJJAIN, BATTLE OF),fighting for the Maharana against Madhav Rao SINDHIA. In 1869, Nahar Singh, who had been adopted, became the

ruler of Shahpura (he had been the son of Balwant Singh of Dhanop). In 1903, the British awarded him the K.C.I.E.,and entitled him to a 9-gun salute. He became a member of the MEHDRAJ SABHA. Later, he refused to go into theservice of Maharana FATEH SINGH, claiming to be an independent ruler. However, the British ruled that he wouldhave to comply, every second year, and pay Rs. 1 Lakh to the Maharana as a penalty for not attending his Court.Hazarat Sujat Ali (R.A) DARGAHHazart Sujat AliHazart Sujat Ali (r.a) Dargah situated at kalinjari gate , this is Beautiful & holy Place For Islamic RELIGION'SRam SnehiThe Biggest and most popular Ramdwara of Shahpura.Shahpura is a place of pilgrimage for the followers of the Ram Snehi sect. Founded in 1804 they have a shrine in thetown called Ramdwara. The chief priest there is the head of the sect. Pilgrims from all over the world visit the shrinethroughout the year. Shahpura is well known for Ram Snehi's Ramdwara. There is famous fair called PHOOLDOL

MELA. is for 5 dsys after Holi. by Ramdwara Temple.* Ramdwara* Ram Charan Maharaj

CHARBHUJA TEMPLE

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Middle of city The temple of CHARBHUJA NATH is situate. and also A HANUMAN TEMPLE Called by BALAJIKI CHATRI. is Near by the famous Charbhuja temple.There is 8 Prachin Jain Temple 4 is SWETAMBER SAMPRADAYA AND 4 DIGAMBER SAMPRADAYA.Getting thereBy Air: Nearest Airport is Dabok at Udaipur which is about 160 km. away from Bhilwara.By Road: Bhilwara is situated on National Highway No. 4. Direct buses are available from Delhi, Jaipur, Ajmer,Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Jodhpur, Kota, Ahmedabad etc.By Train: BHILWARA IS NEAR BY STATION 52 K.M. FAR FROM SHAHPURA

Nagaur district Contents1 History/ About Nagaur district/ Population and Are/ Climate/Forest, flora and fauna/Language spoken/Geography/ Demographics Nagaur  Nagaur is a city in the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Nagaur District. The Nagaur city lies about midway between Jodhpur and Bikaner. It was founded by the Naga Kshatriyas. It is also known as thevillage "Khatwan".History  Nagaur finds mention even in the Mahabharata. The kingdom of Ahichhatrapur which Arjuna is said to have

conquered and subsequently offered to his Guru Dronacharya, was perhaps some of the area of the Nagaur district. Itwas the capital of Jangaldesh. The foundation of city dates back to 4th century BC. Nagas originally ruled over this place and about 7th century onwards the Chauhans became the overlords of Nagaur and it was included inSapadalaksha. Nagaur city was at the centre of Muslim invasion from Central Asia. The Nagaur fort is the famous place of historicalimportance.[1][2]About Nagaur district

Glorified by the bards, the history of Nagaur finds mention even in the Mahabharata. The kingdom of Ahichhatrapur which Arjun is said to have conquered and subsequently offered to his Guru Dronacharya, was perhaps some of thearea of the Nagaur district. The birth place of Meera and Abul Fazal, Nagaur district has a charbhuja and ParsawanathTemple at Merta and the Dargah of Sufi Saint Tarkin, a famous 16th century Bansiwala Temple at Nagaur city. Nagaur also witnessed the valour of Great Rao Amar Singh Rathor who challenged the mighty Mughal empire. Thelarge old Fort has many glorious tales of bravery of the erstwhile rulers of the states. Wide Annals & Antiquities of Rajputana,Vol-II,page -870 onwd 1970.</ef> Ngu Diic i iued beween 260.25‖ & 270.40‖ NohLiude & 730.10‖ & 750.15‖ E Longiude. I i iued mid even diic nmely Bikne, Chuu, Sik,Jaipur, Ajmer, Pali, Jodhpur. Nagaur is the fifth largest district in Rajasthan with a vast terrain spreading over 17,718km². Its geographical spread is a good combine of plain, hills, sand mounds and as such it is a part of the great IndianThar Desert.The present district of Nagaur finds a place in the heart of the Rajasthan state. Before the merger of the states, Nagaur was a part of the erstwhile Jodhpur State.After independence, Nagaur had the honour of being selected as the place in the country from where the DemocraticDecentralisation process was launched by the late Shri Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India on the 2October 1959.

The town of Ladnu in the district has gained its place on the map of the country being the headquarters of the famousJain Vishva Bharati University which has become a centre of spiritual learnings and knowledge under the leadershipof Acharya Tulsi, a great Jain saint, who has propagated the philosophy of Anuvrat in order to enlighten people in thisarea of the country. Peepasar is a small village in the Nagaur Tehsil of Nagaur district. It is the birth place of the GreatSaint Guru Jambheshwar, the founder of the Bishnoi community.Population and Area

The district comprises 1570 Revenue Estates (Villages), out of which Merta, Didwana, Makarana, Parbatsar, Ladnuand Kuchaman are the major towns of the district. The total area of the district is 17,718 km², out of which 17,448.5km². is rural and 269.5 km². is urban. As per the 2001 census, the population of the district is 27,75,058 (4,77,337urban and 22,97,721 rural population) which is 4.91% of the total population of the State. The density of population inthe district is 157, as against 165 of Rajasthan as a whole. 12,87,921 persons of the district are literate, out of which10,21,314 are rural and 2,66,607 are urban, which makes it 58.26% of the total population. Out of this literate

 population 75.33% are males and 40.45% are females.Climate

 Nagaur has a dry climate with a hot summer. Sand storms are common in summer. The climate of the district isconspicuous by extreme dryness, large variations of temperature & highly variable rainfall. The mercury keeps onrising intensely from March till June. These are the hottest months. The maximum temperature recorded in district is

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117 F with 32 F as the lowest recorded temperature. The average temperature of the district is 74 F. The winter seasonin the extends from mid November till the beginning of March. Rainy season is of a short during from July to midSeptember. There are ten raingage stations, namely - Nagaur, Khinvsar, Didwana, Merta, Parbatsar, Makarana, Nawa,Jayal, Degana & Ladnun in the district. The average rainfall in the district is 36.16 cm & 51.5 percentage humidity.Forest, flora and fauna

The district of Nagaur is poor in forest resources. The total area under including hills, is reported to be 240.92 km².,which is 1.3 percent of total geographical area of the district. Scanty rainfall & other geographical constraints accountfor this. The western part of the district is divided of natural vegetation cover except for low hurbs & grass which

grows on low sand dunes. However, the south-eastern part of the district & part of the northern tehsil of Ladnun &Didwana have much greater greenery as compared to north-west part of the district. Khejri trees are commonly foundin the district. Its leaves are used as fodder. It also gives gum. Apart from commercial value, this tree is consideredholy. The tree also plays an important role in checking soil erosion. The other common species found in the district areBabool, Neem, Shisham, Peepal, Rohira, Kalsi, Dhangood, Akara etc. Rohira & Shisham trees provide timber & isused for making furniture. Dhangood is generally used for making cots. Dried Akara skin is called Sunn and is used inmaking ropes for huts, and weaven chairs, locally called as Muddhas. Kheep is another shrub which is used for making ropes for thorny fences. A common shrub-phog provides building material from its roots and twigs. Commongrass found in the district include bargers, bhambar etc.Language spoken

Marwari, Hindi, English, Urdu

Geography Ngu i loced 27°12′N 73°44′E / 27.2°N 73.73°E / 27.2; 73.73.[3] It has an average elevation of 302 metres(990 feet).Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[4] Nagaur had a population of 88,313. Males constitute 52% of the population andfemales 48%. Nagaur has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is66%, and female literacy is 45%. In Nagaur, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Basni Belima

Basni Belima (also known as simply Basni) is a census town in Nagaur district in the state of Rajasthan, India.

Geography

Bni Belim i loced 27°10′N 73°39′E / 27.17°N 73.65°E / 27.17; 73.65[1]. It has an average elevation of 291 m(955 ft).Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Basni Belima had a population of 21,557. Males constitute 50% of the populationand females 50%. Basni Belima has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with63% of the males and 37% of females literate. 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.

DidwanaContents Geography/ Demographics/ Concern

Didwana (Hindi:  ) is a town in Nagaur district of Rajasthan in India. It lies in the Thar Desert. The town is

considered more than 5,000 years old and is closely associated with conversion of Rajput clan into a businessmen clan by the blessings of Lord Mahesh (Shankar) and with the name of Maheshwari

 Nowadays Didwana is a well known town of Nagaur/Rajasthan. Many people of Didwana and near by places are wellsettled elsewhere in India and hold important positions/ are famous Industrialists. The famous Maheshwari bushinessfamily Bangur hails from Didwana. Further it is also famous for two famous old Maths based on the RamanujaSampradaya, namely, the Jahlaria Math headed by Sri Sri 1008 Swami Ghanshyamacharyaji Maharaj and The NagoriaMath headed by Sri Sri 1008 Swami Vishnu prapannacharyaji Maharaj.

Lt. Risaldar shakoor khan (Beri chhoti). vllege Beri chhoti his motherland. Ris.Shakoor Khan Expired on 9 april 2010at home. His address-"BERI HOUSE" near Bus stand, dargah 9 shahidan, didwana. they retired from 61 cav.Decorated by award = "BHATRAT KA RASHTRAPATI SAMMAN PURSHKAR", "SENA ADHYAKSHPRASHNSA PURSHKAR", "PARAM VISHISHT SEWA MADEL, MAHAVEER CHAKRA* ATI VISHISHTSEWA MADEL"

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 The city is very famous for its Hindu tradition culture and philosophy and the Maths are must-visit for all HinduDevotees once in Life time. The Baas and basinies, as the surrounding areas of town, The mathura Das Ji ka jaav, theoldest well built by the maharaja of Jodhpur, in Gaadha baas, now in Didwana, where there is a secret room inside thewell, a very good example of Ancient Rajasthani architecture.

The temples of these maths are very beautifying and pure the heart. Though they may not be as big as other temples but they are regarded very high for Hindu community.

The town is famous for its VED Vidhalya where BRAHMINstudents are taught about Veda, dharma and other aspectsof the Great Hindu Religion. And also Leadership in Commercial Marketing, A.P. Parsawat and Mukesh Kumar Ruwatia is well Known Chartered Accountant in Nagaur Dist, Shree Balaji Institute of Training is Leader commercialCenter in Account Education in surrounding Area authorised by Institute of Finance & Account of India.

Geography

Didwn i loced 27°24′N 74°34′E / 27.4°N 74.57°E / 27.4; 74.57.[1] It has an average elevation of 336 metres(1102 feet).

The town is more than 5,000 years old and has long history of great teachers who have taken the Hindu Religion a

long way and have shown the way how to lead life, how to grow etc.

In Didwana there are twelve baas and twelve baasni (called in general language colony). There live mali samaj inthese baas and Deshwali samaj lives in Basani.

1. Maidashar bass2. Singhi bass3. Kumaniya bass4. Mohandas bass5. Bhati bass6. Heari bass7. Gaadha bass

8. Harinarayan bass9. Kadiya bass10. Jhalara bass11. Bari bass12. Aadaka bass13. Katala bass14. Tiba bass.

Thse are the famous twelve villages(Baasni) around Didwana, where deshwali community lives.

1. Ramsabas - where Engineer Jalaludeen lives.2. Ladabas.3. Khatiabasni.4. Baliya. -Where Engineer Mohd.Ali Gardeji lives5. Amarpura.6. Gardejiabasni.7. Dadubasni.8. Shekhabasni.9. Khinchiyabasni.10. Mallabasni.11. Daulatpura.12. Katlabas.

Following are the famous chowk in Didwana. Chowk means locality.

1. Mohallah Sayedan & Qauziyaan2. Narsingh Chowk Near Nagoria Math.3. Shyam Ji ka Chowk Near Shayam Ji Ka Mandir.

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4. Gaggro ka chowk.5. Bangur Chowk.6. Ghodawato Ka Chowk.7. Bhargav Chowk.8. Majejio ka Chowk Near Jhalaria Math.9. Mathura Das Ji Ka Jaav in Gaadha Baas.10. pathano ki paanch pol the historic palace

Earlier this city was extent in-between Seven Big Gates, for security. But now six gates exist, as one (Delhi Gate) gatehas vanished. One thing is special for these gates that at each gate The lord Ganesh Temple are situated. The name of gates are below:

1. Nagori Gate.2. Ajmeri Gate.3. Kote Gate.4. Deen Darwaja.5. Khidki Darwaja.(Chapri Gate)6. Fatehpuri Gate.7. Delhi Gate. (this does not exist now)

After the rise of Bangur Family who stayed in Sitaram Bagh, the Bangur family had built many Schools, a college,hospital, roads and other infrastructural facilities in the town. Thus the city was one of the most prominent town in theRajastan State and important centre from people from nearby villages and towns as Ladnun, Kuchaman, Merta,Sujangarh, Kishangarh, Molasar, Borsu, etc.

 Not only the town but also people form nearby places is indebted to the Bangur Family for its important role played inthe development of the town.

 Near to Didwana is situated a very old village named Bawadi, where the rathores ruled. The village has a veryimpressive old fort, there still lives the family of ex jagirdar.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Didwana had a population of 44,661. Males constitute 52% of the population andfemales 48%. Didwana has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is70% and, female literacy is 46%. In Didwana, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Now this city will become the District Headquarters because most of the offices of district level has been opened and rest of office will be opened soon. name of Bass 1.madashar bass 2.singi bass 3.kumaniya bass 4.mohandas bass 5.bhati bass 6.heari bass 7.gadha bass 8.harinarian bass 9.kadiya bass 10.jalara bass 11.bari bass 12.aadaka bass 13.katala bass 14.tiba bass15.mr.attitude nagar Concern

The new generation of Bangur Family has been distanced from the town. Their higher interest in city also with other  pravasi industrialists will help the city attain a prominent location in Rajasthan.The local people of the town have important role to play in this as if they take the Help of Bangur family and ask themto establish industries in the nearby area, the area can flourish.There is beautiful temple. Its name is shri shitalkund balaji mandir(hanuman temple)and Jankinath temple which belong's to Nagoriya Math .It's a famous temple constructed before 500 yrs ago owned by Nagoriyapithadishwar Swami Shri Vishuprapanacharji.krishana computers is a first computer education center in didwana and also recoganized by CDAC(Govt. of india).Industrialisation and creation of more jobs are important. Since the area is semi arid, creation of a SEZ in the town can be a win win situation as area nearby are not good for farming. So creation for SEZ will not affect agricultural production of country. it has a very large girl's collage. it;s name is Didwana Mahila Mahavidyalaya. Sushil Kulhari is presently SDM Didwana.Goredi Chancha 

Goredi Chancha is a census town in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[1], Goredi Chancha had a population of 9834. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Goredi Chancha has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 51%. In Goredi Chancha, 16% of the population is under 6 yearsof age.

Kuchaman City 

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Contents:-Demographics/ Education/ Education/ Sightseeing/ Kuchaman Fort/ Meera Mahal/ Jal Mahal/ SabhaPrakash/ Lok Dev Temple/ China PoleKuchaman City is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The city includes a fewHavelis in the Shekhawati style and a fort overlooking the city. The fort is about 1100 years old and was built in the9th century by Rathore ruler Zalim Singh. One can also find fresco painting here on variable subjects such as flowers,motifs, and Hindu Mythology.In 950, The Chauhans of Ajmer drove out the Gurjar Pratihars to open a new chapter in the history of Kuchaman Fort.in the following centuries the Gaurs won and controlled the fort until they surrendered it to the might of the Rathores.

Being Suryavanshi Kshatriyas who trace their lineage back to Lord Rama, the hero of the epic Ramayana, theRathores brought to the fort their long and 470 AD with Nayal Pals conquest of Kanauj, near modern Kanpur in U.P.This fort is a major tourist attraction and is also part of the route of Palace on Wheels. A few havelis have also openedtheir doors to the foreign guests, who visit during the winter.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[1], Kuchaman City had a population of 50,566. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kuchaman City has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 46%. In Kuchaman City, 27% of the population is under 10 yearsof age. It is a famous town of Nagaur District in Rajasthan. Kuchaman is a developed town it is situated on the Jaipur  Nagaur route. It is 145 Kilometers far from Jaipur and 101 Kilometers far from Ajmer. The main business in the townis salt processing and local trade. There are many social societies are working in the town. Mainly Kuchaman VikasSamiti, Lions club, Rotary club, Narayan Sewa Sansthan, Maulana Azad Educational Society, Madarsa Islamiya

society and Mahaveer International. In education the town established mile stones for example Navodaya School,DIET, Noble Senior Secondary School,Tagour Senior Secondary School, 15 other senior secondary schools, 10secondary schools, 35 upper primary schools, and many others societies. Kuchaman city's education system is fairlydeveloped and during last few years students from other parts of the state are coming here for education.Education

Kuchaman is also known as "shiksha nagri" in local area. The town has no. of institutions,coaching institutes,boardingschools including Noble Educational Society, Sant Paul School, B. R. Khokhar Memorial EducationalGroup(B.R.Khokhar Memorial Senior secondary School, B.R.Khokhar Memorial T.T. College, B.R.Khokhar Memorial T.T. School & Navy-Airforce coaching), MARWAR SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, TagoreEngineering College,Kuchaman College,Kuchaman College Of Pharmacy,B.K.Birla Institute of InformationTechnology,Tagore Sr.Sec. School,Science Classes,Ikon Institute,Jupiter College of Advance Studies etc.Sightseeing

Kuchaman FortPerched atop a 1000 ft high cliff, the Kuchaman Fort is the most important attraction of Kuchaman. Converted into aheritage hotel now, the fort displays a rich collection of original inlay work in semi-precious stones, glass and gold paint. The Sheesh Mahal (glass palace) is a sight to marvel at. Meanwhile, a colorful bazaar located below the fort is agreat place to shop for handicrafts and fabrics.Meera Mahal

This beautiful palace houses exquisite miniature paintings that depict the life of Meera Bai. The Meera Mahal is anexquisite palace which plays host to the miniature paintings illustrating the life story of Rathore poet saint Meerabai,the passionate devotee of Lord Krishna. The passion and dedication with which Meera (a married Rajput woman)worshipped Lord Krishna has been a part of the folklore for ages and is still considered to be one of the finest efforts by any devotee to evince the allegiance to Lord. The Meera Mahal has paintings all over it and the cumulative effectof these excellent paintings has to be seen to be believed. Ranjit singh constructed the Mahal (Palace) and its templecontaining lok devtas, and gurus.Jal Mahal

Jal Mahal (Water Palace) is a unique concept visualized and implemented with an aim to provide the queens (yesmany of them) and princesses with a hidden swimming pool. The fort has two swimming pools. Jal Mahal which is anunderground pool is royal in every aspect with its supercilious cloisters and arcades. The fort is now a Heritage hoteland provides an opportunity to its customers to saturate in these pools and envisage the imperial beauties that haveowned and exploited it. The marvel however doesn't end here. Apparently the pool is also capable of controlling thewater temperature.Sabha Prakash

The Sabha Prakash (Illumination Meeting) used to be the formal chambers for meetings and for holding court tointeract with the citizen. Many critical decisions for welfare and dispute settlement have been delivered from the main

hall. The hall itself is decorated exquisitely and is adorned with polished walls that are imaginatively strewn with semi precious pebbles and shingles that are intricately inlayed. The decoration of the Sabha Prakash has been specificallydone keeping in mind the exhaustive exposure it would have to the public eye. The decoration marginally shiftstowards the Shekhavati style, however, it must be said that most of the decoration is unique to the Kuchaman Fort.Lok Dev Temple

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Built by Ranjit Singh, this temple showcases paintings of Lok Devatas like Sant Gogaji, Baba Ram Dev, Sant RaviDas and Sant Kabir.China Pole

Complete with intricately painted interiors, this pole was constructed by a Chinese traveler who wanted to narrate histravel experiences in a unique way.Kuchera 

Kuchera is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[1], Kuchera had a population of 19,563. Males constitute 52% of the population andfemales 48%. Kuchera has an average literacy rate of 50%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is65%, and female literacy is 32%. In Kuchera, 25% of the population is under 6 years of age...Ladnu 

Ladnun (     ) is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.

Ladnun (     )Contents Introduction/ History/ Famous personalities/ Heritage and religious places/ Nearest tourist places/ Somefamous fairs/ Climate & rainfall/ Existing infrastructure/ Road/transportation/ Industries/ Spiritual and yoga centers/Agricultural resources/ Geography/ Demographics/ Holy Saint/ Villages in Ladnun tehsilIntroduction

Ladnun is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan, it is also tehsil headquarter and

subdivision. Ladnun Tehsil have [139 village] all are revenue producing village Nimbi Jodha, Kasumbi and Sunari are biggest villages and have 32 sarpanch more than 100 panch, Ladnun has M.L.A seat under Rajasthan Vidhan Sabhaand it come under Nagaur Lok Sabha seat. Ladnun have 32 elected ward members in Ladnun Municipality. Ladnunhas one Panchayat Samiti, Tehsil and sub-division offices. Ladnun have one S.D.M.(CJ) Court and a stadium. Ladnunis officially known as Ladnun. It was earlier known as Chanderi Nagari, it is 380 km west of Delhi and 225 km north-west of Jaipur. Its population approx. 57,047 as of 2001 India census. It is situated 329 m high from the mean sealevel. Its is situated between 27° 39' 0" north latitude and 74° 23'-1" east longitude. It is surrounded by good naturaland cultural heritage. The city is heading towards spiritual tourist city. Famous Jain Vishva Bharati Institution(founded by Acharya Tulsi in 1970) situated here. In Jain Vishva Bharati yoga and meditation camps for attitudinalchange, behavioral modification and integrated development of personality in Ladnun, Rajasthan.History

Glorified by the bards, the history of Ladnun finds mention even in the Mahabharata. The kingdom of Shishupala and

after then Mohil Chauhan conquered it in the beginning of the 12th century BC.In 16th century AD king of Jodhpur,Maldeo Rathore, annexed Ladnun and ruled before the merger of the states Ladnun was a part of erstwhile Jodhpur state. Historical Monuments: Among the four famous dargahs of Ladnun the most ancient one is that of dargahUmarshahpir, which has the inscription of the year Hizri 772.Thus, we come to know that it was built before the year Hizri 772. The Jami mosque, the oldest of the fourteen known mosques, was originally built with monolithic beamsand brackets on an Arab-type plan and consisting of a colonnade round a courtyard, in the Ghurid Of Khalji period,was restored during the period of Firoz Shah, nephew of Muhammad-bin-Tughluq. The ancient Digambar Jain Baramandir, situated in the heart of the city, had the idol of the deity Saraswati,one of the finest of that time. It has theinscription of the year 1229 AD. It has magnificent temple houses, several artistic and rare idols of Jain Tirthankar, beautiful images, engraved pillars, rare pieces of art and old jaina dharma manuscripts. The Mool mandir, situatedwithin it, is 10 feet deep inside the Earth and in its lowest floor there is a beautiful idol of Lord Shantinath ji. On thecrown of the Lord Shantinath an inscription clearly indicates that the temple is build on Aashaadha Sukla 8, Samvat1136. This shows that the temple is more than 1000 years old. In the second vedica chamber, there is an idol of secondThirthankar Bhagwan AjitnathJI. This idol is 74x60 cm in dimension and made of marble. An inscription on the idol isfound of Baisak Sukla 13, Sanwat 1209. In front of Bhagwan Ajitnathji idol there is also a marble door with two pillars. The two pillars are decorated with artistic jaina images. In art gallery there are 166 marble an idol of BhagwanRishabhadeva made of brown dtone, and two idols of bhagwan Parshvanath with nine headed serpents. An beautifulimage of Bhagwan Neminath ji is also found in art fallery. Several other images made of metals are found in diggingin the nearby areas of Ladnun are placed in this art gallery. This temple is built and repaired several times but itsmagnificence, beauty, purity and calmness is preserved through ages. Ladnun has also witnessed the valour of GreatAmarkot(Rathore) who challenged the mighty Mughal Empire. The town of Ladnun in the district has gained its placeon the map of the country being the headquarters of the famous Jain Vishva Bharati which has become a centre of spiritual learnings and knowledge under the leadership of Acharya Tulsi, a great Jain saint, who has propagated the

 philoophy of ―ANUVRAT‖ in ode o enlighen people in hi e of he couny. Achy Tuli‘ bihplce walso Ladnun and he was awarded Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1993-94.Famous personalities

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Emperors Ararmal, Bhojraj and Rao Jaisingh. Great freedom fighter Surajsingh (Surjan Bai) Rashtra Saint AcharyaTulsi, Saint kavi Govindram, Saint Sri Siddhasagar, Saith Ganpat Roa Sarawgi(Bhamasah of Ladnun), SadhviPramukha Mahasramni KanakprabhaHeritage and religious places

Jain Vishva BharatiSukhdev AshramDigambar Jain Bada Mandir Kabutarkhana

Valour of Narsingh jiValour of Amarkot ShaheedRamanand GoushalaAdinath Mandir Chandrasagar smarak Mandir Shantinath Mandir Charbhujanath Mandir Sadhvi Pannaji ki Samadhi Neelkanth Mahadev Mandir Karant BalajiVir Balaji Mandir Hanuman Mandir 

Umarshah Gaji DargahAchy Tuli‘ Bih Plce (2nd py) Arya Samaj Mandir Nearest tourist places

Balaji Mandir on Dungar Hill - 9kmPabolao - 2kmMangalpura Bagichi - 3kmPeethwale Balaji - 2kmDronanchal Arham Ashram - 10kmVenktesh Mandir, Sujangarh - 14kmSinghi Mandir - 14kmTal Chhapar Sanctuary - 25km

Salasar Hanuman Mandir - 37kmKhimsar Fort - 120kmSome famous fairs

Gangaur MelaSheetla Mata MelaSavaan Teej MelaDasahra FestivalRamdevji Ka Mela Narsingh ChaturdasPabolao Cattle Fair Climate & rainfall

Ladnun has a dry climate with a hot summer. Sand storms are common in summer. The climate of the city isconspicuous by extreme dryness, large variations of temperature and highly variable rainfall. The mercury in theMercury Barometer keeps on rising intensely from March till June. These are the hottest months. The maximumtemperature recorded in the city is 47°C with 0°C as the lowest recorded temperature. The average temperature of thecity is 23.5°C. The winter season extends from mid November till the beginning of March. Rainy season is of a shortduring from July to mid September. The average rainfall in the city is 36.16 cm & 51.5% humidity.Existing infrastructure

Educational: The city is having more than 20 Educational Institutions out of which one is University, one is GirlsCollege and there are five Higher Secondary schools. Other schools are middle and primary schools. The main onesare the following:Jain Vishva Bharati UniversityMahavir Senior Secondary school

J.B. Senior Secondary schoolVimal Vidya Vihar Senior Secondary schoolSurajmal Bhutoria Balika Senior Secondary schoolJohri Government Senior Secondary schoolHealth Facilities: The details of health facilities are as follows:

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Seth Ganpat Rai Saravagi Government HospitalMangalam HospitalRaj Hospital, Teli RoadJain Matra shisu Nursing Home, Station RoadM.N. Ghodavat Nursing Home, Didwana RoadAakash Hospital, Teli RoadPhoolchand Saravagi Government Ayurvedic HospitalSukhdev Netra Chikitsalya

Amenities: The city has one Post Office and three sub post office and four Nationalized Banks.Water : Ldnun h hevily deep undegound we eouce nd one govenmen we upply office ―We wok‖working under J.E.N. From Ladnun drinking water is supplied to more than 80 villages and towns.Electricity: The city is connected with electricity facilities. It has 33 kV and 132kV electric sub stations (G.S.) and onegovernment electric supply office working under A.E.N.Road/transportation

The roads are very narrow inside the city. It is connected with Sujangarh(12km) and Didwana(32km) By NH65 andKishangarh-Hanumangarh Megahighway. Distance from Important Cities:Jaipur - 220kmUdaipur - 500kmBikaner - 200kmJodhpur - 240km

Delhi - 400kmBuses Available from:Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner, Kuchaman, Ahmedabad, Indore, Delhi.Rail Network:The Rail lines of Delhi-Rewari-Ratangarh-Degana-Jodhpur passes through Ladnun station. At present work of gaugeconversation from meter gauge to broad gauge is going on. It is the shortest route of railway to connect Delhi toJodhpur. Nearest Railway Station: Nagaur - 97kmDegana - 110kmKuchaman City- 98kmAjmer - 180kmJaipur - 216km

 Nearest Airport:Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi 287kmJaipur Airport 168kmJodhpur Airport 203kmUdaipur Airport 341kmTelecommunication:There is one Electronic Exchange with modern facilities.Industries

Agricultural machinery, wooden camel cart, textile hand printing and dying industry, kutir udyog (papar, bari, sweetsaffron, etc.) and khadi and handloom made blanket and shawl industry and building materials. Stone industries aregoing to develop near by ladnun and village Sunari , stone cutting polishing and tile cutting industries.Spiritual and yoga centers

Famous centers of Jainism are Jain Vishva Bharati and Jain Vishva Bharati Institute which are situated here. It is aschool of thought; a centre if spirituality and purification; a society of Ahimsa; a treasure of tranquility; an abode of humanity on earth.Yoga:Yoga is not only a physical exercise. It is a science, which develops personality, leads a person to harmony, peace ,concentration and balance. It helps to practice meditation.Pranayam:Pranayam is the advanced technique of stilling the breath. It helps to achieve a calm, blissful and focused mind. It balances left and right hemispheres and is important in preparation for meditation.Kayotsarg:Kayotsarg is a tool for self-purification and realization. It helps to reduce physical, motional, mental, intellectual stress

and anxiety. In this age of stress and tension, Kayotsarg leads to a happy, peaceful and contended life.Anupreksha:Anupreksha is full concentration on a single competition. This is an efficient process of ascertaining the reality.Ancient philosophers and seers used this tools extensively for realizing the Truth.Mantra Meditation:

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Mantra Meditation is a powerful ancient practice. It affects the chemistry of the body and mind. Mantra Meditationawakens consciousness and enlightenment.Preksha Meditation:Preksha Meditation is apath of self awakening and self realization. It helps to connect with your soul at its most profound level, achieve a state of super consciousness and increased concentration. The process of meditation putsyou in touch with enlightenment, peace of mind and simple clarity.Agricultural resources

Agriculture is the main occupation of a majority of the population of the Ladnun tehsil. Major crops: Bajra, wheat,

 jowar, til, barley and pulses are the major crops of Ladnun. Rabi crops are usually sown in November whereas Kharif crops are sown with the beginning of the first rains in July.Geography

Ldnu i loced 27°39′00″N 74°23′00″E / 27.6500°N 74.3833°E / 27.6500; 74.3833.[1] It has an average elevationof 328 metres (1079 feet).Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Ladnu had a population of 57,047. Males constitute 51% of the population andfemales 49%. Ladnu has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is71%, and female literacy is 49%. In Ladnu, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.ladnun tehsil's biggestvillage is Nimbi jodha which is 14 km from ladnunLadnu is also famous for the number of graduates it produces from Bits-Pilani, each year. Alumni of Bits Pilani likePiyush Agarwal, Abhishek Reddy both hail from Ladnu. Renowned auto drivers like MEsa, Automesa have their roots

in Ladnu.Holy Saint

Jain Vishva Bharati University, Ladnun, that houses the Tulsi Adhyatma Needem

Acharya Tulsi (October 20, 1914-June 23, 1997) was a Jainist Acharya (an ascetic). He was the founder of theAnuvrata and the Jain Vishva Bharti Institute, Ladnun and the author of over one-hundred books. The son of devoutJain traders, Tulsi was born in 1914 in Ladnun, India to Jhumarmal Khated and Vadana Ji. Acharya Kalugani, thefamily guru, greatly influenced Tulsi, later recalling: "His divine face fascinated my heart and I used to gaze at him for hours."Tulsi took his monk's vows at age 11 with remarkable dedication, and by the time he was 16, he had already startedattracting acolytes. In 1936, Kalugani nominated Tulsi to be his successor, making him head of Terapanth group.Through his oversight, he initiated more than 776 monks and nuns.

Maharishi Kanishk Sharma took vows at the age of 6. He was the follower of Acharya Tulsi and was gifted withunparalleled knowledge in the field of Mathematics and Instrumentation.

Makrana 

Contents: - Geography/ Economy/ Mining/ DemographicsMakrana is a town in the Nagaur district of Indian state of Rajasthan. Makrana is famous for the white stone as marblemined from the mines around it. It is said that the Taj Mahal was built from Makrana marble. Makrana is a smalltown, but it has plenty of marble outcrops. Most of the residents in this town work as marble miners.Geography

Mkn i loced 27°03′N 74°43′E / 27.05°N 74.72°E / 27.05; 74.72[1]. It has an average elevation of 408 metres(1338 feet).Economy

The town is well linked to railroads and other forms of transportation.Known for its white marble reserves, Makrana is a small town in Nagaur district, with a deposit of 56 million tonnesand 40,000 labourers working in 400 mines in the several ranges of the Aravallis. Makrana, along with Rajsamand, arethe main centres of marble in Rajasthan. Calcitic in nature, Makrana Marble is regarded as the oldest in age and finestin quality[1].The present rate of marble production from Makrana is 1.20 lakh tonnes per year with an annual revenue of Rs 36crore.Makrana is source of employment to at least 1 Lac people of about 100 surrounding villages. The famous VictoriaMemorial of Kolkata, the world famous Taj Mahal in Agra, Raudat Tahera in Mumbai and Jain Temple of Dilwara insouth Rajasthan are built from Makrana Marble.Mining

Makrana has various mining ranges, popularly known as Doongri, devi, Ulodi, Saabwali, Gulabi, Kumari, Neharkhan,

Matabhar, Matabhar kumari, Chuck doongri, Chosira etc.Doongri, devi, Saabwali, Ulodi, Chosira and Neharkhan are famous for white marble, whereas Ulodi is famous for Albeto Marble. These mines produce white-brown belt beautiful marble. Gulabi stands for pink plain and pink Adangamarble whereas almost all mines produce Adanga marbles with brown and grey sheds.

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Makrana marble is a metamorphic rock. It is a single deposit in India. The Makrana marble has 90 to 98 percentCaCo3.[citation needed]Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Makrana had a population of 83,289. Males constitute 52% of the population andfemales 48%. Makrana has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is65%, and female literacy is 44%. In Makrana, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.Merta City

Contents:- Demographics/ Famous residents/ History

Merta City is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.The Mirabai Smarak at Merta CityDemographics

As of 2001[update] India census[1], Merta City had a population of 40,252. Males constitute 53% of the populationand females 47%. Merta City has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: maleliteracy is 72%, and female literacy is 48%. About 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Merta City is a holycity for Hindus as it is the birth place of Meera bai the famous Devotee of Lord Krishna.Famous residents

Merta city is also known for its great Medatiya (Mertiya) Rathores like Rao Duda, Jaimall, Ratan Singh etc. City also boasts of a very famous temple of Lord Krishna and Meera Bai; City is situated On National Highway 89 (Ajmer ToBikaner), closest airport: Jodhpur Airport Medatiya Thikana Kuchaman, Maroth, Parbatsar, Bhakari, BalundaBadnore, Badu, Budsu. Manana. Ghaneroav. Rao duda is founder of medatiya rathore clan Rao Duda have issue 5 son

one 1. rao viramdev 2.Raisal 3.Raimal 4.Ratan Singh Have issue One Daughter Meera Bai 5. Panchayan. After RaoDuda Veeramdev get medata & Ajmer State. After Rao Viramdev have issue Jaimal Rao Jaimal issue 14 son. One of them Rao Keshodas He is last ruler of Medata have issue Girdhardas get Parbatsar Jageer Have issue Gajadhar haveissue Shyam Singh get Badu Jageer have issue Akhey Singh Get Budsu. Akhey Singh Have issue 12 son 1 Amar Singh Get Manana Thikana 2 Surat Singh Get Budsu.3 Padam Singh Get Chindaliya 4 Indera Singh Get Raithliya 5 Nawal Singh get Barwali 6 Rai Singh get Dhildhani. After Padam Singh have issue Chand Singh Have Issue SawaiSingh have issue Sadul Singh he is Kamdar of Budsu Thikana have issue Sheyoji Singh have issue Sanwat Singh haveissue Mohan Singh have issue Hanuwant Singh Have issue 1 Dashrath Singh 2 Umed Singh 3 Bhagwan Singh. MostImportant An old Yogi known as Mouniji or Mouni Maharaj established an ashram in Merta in the early 1950s. Helater established a school in the ashram for impoverished children. Though Mouni Maharaj's origins were unknown itis believed he came down from the Himalayan regions of Kashmir in the early 1930s, travelling throughout India untilhis arrival in Merta. He practiced Raja Yoga and initially spent his days in solitary meditation. He was well loved by

many citizens of Merta who became his devotees. In his later years he was visited by many westerners, especially thestudents of Sufi Shaikh Abdullah Isa Neil Dougan.[2] From 1995 he began to travel regularly throughout Rajasthanand the Punjab, visiting and helping the thousands of people who by that time considered him their Guru. MouniMaharaj died in 2007 at an estimated age of 105 years.History

After Rau Duda ruler of Medata Rau Viramdev ruler of Medata & Ajmer. His second son Rau Jaimal was very Breve.Jaimal defended Chitor against Akbar and ballads of his bravery are still sung in Rajasthan, Hariyana, UP, and Punjab.Chitoregarh Rana Udai Singh some difficult position left Chitorgarh fort and give a charge of Chitorgarh Rau JaimalMedatiya Senapati of Chitore. After Jaimal his second son Rau Keshodas become a ruler of Medata. He is last ruler of Medata.After Keshodas his son Girdhardas get Parbatsar jageer have issue Gajadharji after Gajadharji have issue Shyam Singhget badu thikana, & Shyam Singh have issue Akhey Singh. He is Thakur of Budsu Thikana Jageer of 22 RevneuVillage. Thakur Akhey Singh & his vanshaj called Akeysingot Medatiya sub clan.Akhey singh have issue 12 son 1 Amar Singh is elder son get Manana Thikna.second son surat singh get budsuthikana. One of son Padam Singh get Chindaliya in Nagour have issue One Son Chand Singh have issue six son 1-Sahib Singh 2 Sabal Singh 3 Sawai Singh 4- Roop Singh 5- Sujan Singh 6-Dungar Singh. Sawai Singh- have issue SixSon 1- Devi Singh 2 Kayam Singh 3 Dule Singh 4- Sadul Singh have issue 1- Shyoji Singh 2 Om Singh 3 Hameer Singh Shyoji Singh have issue 2 son 1- Partap Singh 2- Sawant Singh have issue One son Mohan Singh have issueone son Hanuwant Singh have issue 3 son 1- Dashrath Singh 2- Umed Singh 3- Bhagwan Singh. Dashrath Singh haveissue two son 1 Prahlad Singh 2 Narendra Singh. Umed Singh have issue only one son Tribhuwan Singh. BhagwanSingh have issue three son 1 Vishavjeet Singh 2 Rajyavardhan Singh 3 Yashvardhan Singh. Prahlad Singh have issuePratham SinghMundwa

Contents:- Geography/ DemographicsMundwa is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.Geography

Mundw i loced 27°04′N 73°49′E / 27.07°N 73.82°E / 27.07; 73.82[1]. It has an average elevation of 335 metres(1099 feet).

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There are four Talabs on all the four directions of Mundwa. Names of these Talabs areGyantalavLakholavPokhandiMotelavDedaahniDemographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Mundwa had a population of 16,004. Males constitute 51% of the population andfemales 49%. Mundwa has an average literacy rate of 47%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is61%, and female literacy is 33%. In Mundwa, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.The city of Marwar-Mundwa was established by Mundel (Parihar) gotra of Jat,the former rulers of Mandore (Head Quarters of Marwar Riyasat, near Jodhpur)in 7th to 13th century.Nawa

Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Villages in Nawa tehsil Nawa is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.Geography

 Nw i loced 27°01′N 75°00′E / 27.02°N 75.0°E / 27.02; 75.0[1]. It has an average elevation of 369 metres (1210feet).Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Nawa had a population of 18,226. Males constitute 53% of the population andfemales 47%. Nawa has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is73%, and female literacy is 56%. In Nawa, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.Villages in Nawa tehsil

* Abas* Abhaypura * Adaksar * Ajeetpura * Anandpura * Asanpura* Aspura * Bajna * Bangarh * Banwali*Baori * Baralpura* Barjan * Batliya * Begpura * Bhagwanpura * Bhairupura * Bhanwarpura* Bhanwata *Bhatipura* Bhawanipura * Bheenchron Ka Bas * Bheevpura * Bhilal* Bhooni* Bijapura * Budhdeopura*Butinathpura * Chak Daron Ka Ba* Chandpura * Charanwas* Charanwa* Chawandiy * Chhapr * Chitaw * Chosla*Dabsi* Danpura* Daron Ka Bas * Daulatpura* Dediya Ka Ba * Deeppur * Deol * Deoli Kalan * Deonagar*Deonagar* Depur* Deusar* Dhooton Ki Dhani* Gandhi Gram* Gauravpur * Gawariya * Gharwani* Ghatw* Gogo *Gopal Pura* Govindi* Gugarwa * Gurha Rajawata * Gurha Sal * Hanumanpura * Hanumanpura * Haripura* Haritpur * Hariya Joon * Hirani* Hudeel* Indal* Indokh * Jabdi Nagar* Jasran* Jaswantpur* Jawanpur * Jeejo * Jeenwar*

Jiliya* Joshipura* Kakot* Kaliyawas* Kaloli* Kanchanpura* Kankariya * Kanpura* Kansera* Kantiya* Karker *Kasari* Keriyawa * Kerpur* Khakharki* Khardapura* Khardiya* Khariy * Khoranda* Khorandi* Khushiya*Kokpura* Kooni* Kotr* Kuchaman City* Kukanwali* Lakhanpura* Lakhji Ka Ba * Lala* Lamba* Lichana*Lohrana* Loonwa* Lora Ka Ba* Lorpura* Maharajpura* Mandawara* Mangalpura* Manglod* Manji Ki Dhani *Manpura* Maroth* Matasukha* Meethr * Minda* Mohanpura* Moondgaso* Moonpur* Moti Ram Ki Dhani*Motipura* Muwana * Nagwara* Nalot* Nanana* Narayanpura* Narsinghpura* Nawa (M),* Naya Bas* Nehru Nagar* Nolasiy* Nonpur* Ompur* Palara* Palri* Panchot* Panchwa* Panwar* Parewadi* Pipral * Prempura *Purohiton Ka Bas* Rajas* Rajliya* Rajpura* Ramnagar* Rampura* Rampu* Ranasar* Ranw* Rasal* RewasaDalelpura* Riksa* Rooppur* Rughnathpur* Sabalpur* Samoton Ka Ba* Sanwatgarh* Saranpur * Sardarpura*Sargoth Padampura* Sawaipura* Shekhawatpura* Sherpura* Sheshma Ka Bas* Shimbhoopura* Shiv* Shivdanpura*Shivpurvi* Shrawanpura* Shri Nagar* Shyamgar * Sidiya* Sindhupura* Sirs* Solay* Sujanpur* Suratpura* Takiya*Thathan* Thikariya Kalan* Thikariya Khurd* Tirsingiy * Todas* Torda* Udaipur* Ugarpura* Ukhamasar* Ulana*Vijai Nagar Parbatsar

Parbatsar is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[1], Parbatsar had a population of 13,790. Males constitute 54% of the population andfemales 46%. Parbatsar has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacyis 72%, and female literacy is 47%. In Parbatsar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.is known for cattlefair.name of cattle fair is veer teja cattle fair.Parbatsar got its name from Parbatshah Zawar who built this township in 1536. Parbatshah Zawar was born in thisarea while his mother was undergoing forced separatation. She gave birth to a child while she was on her way tofather's family.( The name Zawar is often spelt with lot of variations such as Zamwar, Jhawar, Jhanwar, Zaver 

etc.)Parbatshah Zawar was raised by his mother. After spending some time in village Ghad panval a nearby village.Parbatshah expanded his business. He got top position in Mughal Darbar. In the cource of life he founded the newtownship. Later on this township got its name Parbatsar. The Mughal Darbar recognised his work and he got the titleof 'Modi'. Late Shankarset Zawar of Jalgaon city of Maharashtra took his life mission to do research in the origin of 

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Zawars. The above content is based on the research done by Shankarset Zawar. -Ramesh Zawar, senior journalist,Thane Maharashtra

Tonk district 

Contents:- History /Pilgrim Places/ Administrative set-up/ Industry

Tonk District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Tonk is the administrative headquartersof the district. The district is bounded on the north by Jaipur District, on the east by Sawai Madhopur District, on thesoutheast by Kota District, on the south by Bundi District, on the southwest by Bhilwara District, and on the west byAjmer District.

History Nawabi Nagari 'Tonk' is famous not only in Rajasthan but also all over India for its historical legends. It is situated on National Highway No. 12 at distance of 100 km from Jaipur. It is located in North- Eastern part of the state between75.19' & 76.16 East longitude and 25.41' and 26.24' North Latitude. The total area of the District is 7194 km2. As per the history, Jaipur's King Man Singh conquered Tari & Tokra Janpad in the regime of Akbar. In 1643 twelve villageof Tokra janpad given to Bhola Brahmin. Later Bhola gave a name to these twelve villages as 'Tonk'. It is surrounded by 5 districts i.e. in north Jaipur, in South Bundi & Bhilwara, in East Ajmer and in West Sawaimadhopur districts.Average rain fall is 62 mm. Agriculture and animal husbandry are the main occupation of the people.The history of Tonk is very old as it is connected with Bairath culture & civilization. Tonk has been called Rajasthanka Lucknow, Adab ka Gulshan, Romantic poet Akhtar Shreerani ki Nagri, Meethe Kharboojo ka Chaman, HinduMuslim Ekta ka Maskan and as result of which Tonk could keep an isolated status in Rajasthan.During the regime of Nawabs all the native were invited in an Islamic function of Miladdunabi without caste, color 

and greed, which was organised by the ruling Nawabs for the period of seven days in the month of Rabiul Awwal,collectively with all zeal in Tonk. It is further important to mention here that the first founder ruler of Tonk was Nawab Mohammed Amir Khan. It is known as SAMWAD LAKSHYA in Mahabharat period. In the regime of Mouryas, it is under mouryas then it was merged in to Malvas. Most of the part was under Harsh Vardhan. As per HEVAN SANG, tourist of China, it was under Bairath State. In the regime of Rajputs, the parts of this state are under Chavras, Solankis, Kachvahs, Sisodiyas and Chouhans. Later, it was under the regime of King Holkar and Sindhia.In 1806, Amir Khan conqurred it from Balvant Rao Holkar. Later, British government gained it from Amir Khan. As per the treaty of 1817, British government returned it to Amir Khan. Tonk was founded in 1818 by an Afghan militaryleader who was granted land by the ruler of Indore.Pilgrim Places

* Tonk Jama Masjid* Arabic Persian Research Institute

* Sunhari Kothi* Lord Devnarayan temple Jodhpuriya* Shri Kalyan Ji mandir Diggi* Mandakala (Nagarfort) A mini pushkar and A pond At here, Puratan shbyata ( khera ) is here.* Doonija mandir * Jal devi mandir * Kalpvriksh of Balunda* Jain Temples* Badri Nath temple* Dadabadi temple[1]

SUNAHARI KOTHIIt is situated near Bada Kuwa on Najar Bagh road in Tonk City. Inside the Kothi, the walls are golden polish. It is alsokwown ‗Shihmhl‘. One cn ee he Dimond nd gle, pining, flowe, ‗PACHHIKARI &MEENAKARI‘ wok on he wll. Gov. h publihed i in he Gzzee fo mking i Hioicl Plce. Renovionwork is going on for preserving this monument.RASIYA KE TEKRIAppointed by raja holkar, as a governor of this place Shri Ambaji Maharaj, a schooler ,known for composing lovesongs , renovated Rasia Ki Tekri in 1859. As per the local history, one Kayasth lover used to sit here and always singlove songs. On account of this romance (rasiya), this monumen i clled by he nme of ‗RASIYA KE TEKRI‘.  BISALPUR It is located about 70 km from District HQ. and 13 km from Deoli tehsil head quarter. One can visit the beautiful Damand historical LORD GOKARNESWAR temple. As per the local history, Ravan has mde ‗py' hee. Dm wconstructed between two mountains on Banas river. Here, river banas splits the Aravali mountains. Its catchment area

is 27,725 km2. The project is to be completed in two phases. In first phase, it will provide drinking water and insecond phase irrigation facilities through the canals. The total length of the Dam will be 574 meters and the height is39.50 meters.HATHI BHATA

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It is about 22 km from district Hq. 5 km from this place, one can find a monument of Elephant. Single stone wascarved in to the shape of an elephant. It was made by Ram Nath Slat during the regime of Sawai Ram Singh in 1200AD. This evidence is written on the right ear of that Elephant. Even today you can read this script.HISTORICAL GHANTA GHAR This was constructed by Mohd. Sadat Ali Khan, Nawab of Tonk in 1937. As per the local history, in 1936, publicsuffered from the discease HAIZA. Nawab Sadat Ali Khan, 5th Nawab of Tonk distributed medicines house to house personally. Public appreciated this and presented money to him. He constructed this monument with the amount.JAMA MASJID

This monument is was one of the biggest masjid's and the most beautiful monuments in India. This was started byFirst Nawab of Tonk, Nawab Amir Khan in 1246 A.D and was completed from 1297 A.D. to 1298 A.D. by his firstson Nawab Wzirudhoula. 4 Minars of this monumnet can be seen from a long distance. Four big doors are constructedin the Moughal style. The main part of the monumnet resembles Delhi & Agra Moughal syle monuments. One canfind the Golden paintings & Meenakari on the walls.RAJAMAHALThe 'Sangam' of three rivers Banas, Khari & Dai attracts the tourists. This Mahal is located at bank of banas river.There is good heritage hotel that provides accommodation to the tourist. One cn enjoy he boing in ‗Dh of SlmSingh'. Many national and international tourists who visited this place praised the beauty of this place. It is just 10 kmfrom Bisalpur.One can see the Raj Mahal constructed on a big mountain at Kakor. This Mahal attracts the tourists. Inolden days, this village is known by KANAKPURA.SHIVAJI GARDEN

It is situated in Bhagat Singh Colony, Newai Town about 30 km from Tonk Hq. It is located on the National Highway,70 km far from Jaipur. Its area is around 16 Bighas and constructed cost is approximately 1 Crore. Its map is designedlike Maisoor Gardens & Hiran Magari Park. Musical fountains are arranged in this garden. Swimming Pool for children also there.OLd Name" Dhara Nagari " A Big pond is here, And rajaji is historical place is here, very old and historical Templelike shyam mandir , charbuja mandir,gouttam mandir,mata mandir ,Panchkuiya balaji mandir vary popular temples arethere. a puratan sabyata khera near at rajaji mandir, a mini pond where surrounding with all religion temple andMANDAV rishi tapo bhumi is here tahts call MINI pushkar of rajasthan, a Big fair in karitik purnila orgenize by Nagarfort Panchyat at Mandkala. Adrash Bhawan hathai ka mohlla Nagar fort TOnk Rajasthan Jaipur Administrative set-up

There are 7 sub-divisions and tehsils: Deoli, Malpura, Niwai, Todaraisingh, Tonk, Uniara and Peeplu. Tonk is Nagar-Parishad while Deoli, Malpura, Niwai, Todaraisingh and Uniara are Nagar-Palikas. There are 1093 villages in the

district according the census 2001.Industry

There are many sandstone mines in the Tonk District. The town of Deoli of is the biggest producer of sandstone in thedistrict.Deoli,

Deoli is a city and a municipality in Tonk district in the state of Rajasthan, India.Demographics

As of 2007[update] India census[1], Deoli had a population of 30,023. Males constitute 54% of the population andfemales 46%. Deoli has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is77% and female literacy is 61%. In Deoli, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. deoli was establised as british chavni around 1850s.it was one of the 6 british chavnis in rajasthan.during 1857 revolt tatiya tope came here .Malpura

Contents:- Geography/ HISTORY/ DemographicsMalpura is a city and a municipality in Tonk district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Malpura is known for itsDadabadi, built by the Khartargach Sect of Shewtambar Jain in memory of 3rd Dada Gurudev ShriJinkushalsurishwarji.Geography

Malpura is located 26°17′N 75°23′E / 26.28°N 75.38°E / 26.28; 75.38[1]. It has an average elevation of 132 metres(401 feet). Distance from Jaipur 90 km, Malpura is Also Knows for AVIKANAGAR - 4 KM from Malapura. It isworld famous for CSWRI ( Central sheep and wool research institute).HISTORY

1. Main Thikana's (Ruling Family's .Jagirdars )2. Mehru

3. Nimera4. khera5. Tilanju6. kerwaliya7. Diggi

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8. Bhashu9. Mor 10. Tordi

Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Malpura had a population of 27,242. Males constitute 52% of the population andfemales 48%. Malpura has an average literacy rate of 42%, lowerer than the national average of 59.5%: male literacyis 43%, and female literacy is 41%. In Malpura, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.Places to be visited are Onn mataji temple and Diggi kalyan ji temple.

McCube Technologies which is leading Software Company in World is also located MALPURA. Kasim Ziya is CEOof this company belong form Malpura itself the McCube Working in 3 Country.Newai

 Niwai is a city and a municipality in Tonk district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is bound in the north by Jaipur, inthe east by Sawai Madhopur, in the south by Bundi and Bhilwara districts and in the west by Ajmer district.How to reachAir: The nearest airport is at Jaipur (70 km)Rail: There are three main routes in tonk district and one of them across the eastern area of Niwai tehsil only.Road: The total road length of Tonk district is 1,105 km. National Highway No.12 (Jaipur-Jabalpur) passes through Niwai, Tonk and Deoli panchayat samitis for a distance of 111 km. There are good many numbers of buses runningto/from the district.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[1], Niwai had a population of 31,355. Males constitute 53% of the population andfemales 47%. Niwai has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is74%, and female literacy is 51%. In Niwai, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.Pilgrim places

Devnarayan bhagawan's Temple Jodhpuriya. Bhagawan Devnarayan was son of king Sri Sawai Bhoj Gurjar (one of the 24 brave Gurjar brothers known as Bagaravat) and Saadu Maata Gurjari. Shivagi Park located in newai. Ashram of Dadudayal located in jamat, newai. Ractanchal parvat and many old sadhus are living here. the peaceful enviornment.Todaraisingh Todaraisingh is a city and a municipality in Tonk district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[1], Todaraisingh had a population of 21,203. Males constitute 52% of the populationand females 48%. Todaraisingh has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male

literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 42%. In Todaraisingh, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Jain's arethe most influential business community in Todaraisingh, has 10 historic temples, specially teample of Shree AdinathBhagwan, which holds very old & charismatic Idol of Adinath bhagwan. NGO's (like Bharat Vikas Parishad, currentlyheaded by Mr. Inder Mal Agrawal) are also working to propser the minorities, old age people, schools etc. throughcamps, charities & cultural programmes. Todaraisingh is historical place and has almost 300 years old Palace & other histotic monuments. It is famous for four things- Ghatti (used in flour mill), Patti (use in building, houses), Bawdi(small well) & Dawdi (Beautiful girls).In ancient time It was as good as other big regional powers.TodaRaiSingh Town

Surrounded by hills, the picturesque town of Toda Raisingh is situated in Tonk district. It is an ancient town of archaeological significance. In earlier times, it was also known as Takshakagadha or Takshakpur, Todapattan,Ishtikapur, etc. Founded by the Nagas in or around 4th century, this town was also ruled by Yuhilas of Chatsu andChauhans of Ajmer. In 15th & 16th centuries, it was the capital of Solanki Rajputs. The town got its present namefrom Rail Singh Sisodia, the famous ruler of this place. He was a Mughal 'Mansoobdar' during the reign of Shahjahan.Toda Rai Singh is blessed with glorious historical past as well as rich cultural heritage. It has a number of places of tourist interest. Prominent among them are - Hadi Rani Ki Baori (kund), Raja Rai Singh's Mahal, Isar Baori, BhopatBaori and beautiful temples of Kalyanji, Raghoraiji, Gopinathji, Govinddeoji, etc. Bijolia inscription of V.E. 1226suggests that Toda Rai Singh was a popular centre of Jainism.Hathi- Bhata Hathi Bhata mean Stone elephant is big attraction for tourist in Tonk district. Situated at 30 km on Tonk-Sawai Madhopur Road from Tonk it is carved from a single stone and bigger than real elephant.Tonk  Tonk is a town in Rajasthan state, India. The town of Tonk is situated 1462 ft. above sea-level, 100 km (60 miles) byroad south from Jaipur, near the right bank of the Banas River. It is the administrative headquarters of Tonk District.Tonk was also the capital of the eponymous princely state of British India from 1817 to 1947.

Contents :- Demographics/ See alsoDemographicsIn the 2001 Indian census[1], Tonk had a population of 135,663. Males constitute 52% of the population and females48%. Tonk has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63%, andfemale literacy is 43%. In Tonk, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.

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See also

* Tonk (princely state)* Sunehri Kothi, Tonk 

Tonk was a princely state of India which by treaty in 1817 accepted British suzerainty. Following the Partition of India in 1947, Tonk acceded to the newly independent Union of India. It was located in the region that is now theTonk district.Contents History/ The Salarzai rulers of Tonk/ See also

HistoryThe founder of the state was Muhammad Amir Khan (1768-1834), a Muslim adventurer and military leader of Afghandescent. In 1817, upon submitting to the British East India Company, he received the territory of Tonk and the title of  Nawab. While retaining internal autonomy and remaining outside British India, the state came under the supervisionof the Rajputana Agency and consisted of six isolated districts. Three of these were under the Rajputana Agency,namely, Tonk, Aligarh (formerly Rampura) and Nimbahera. The other three, Chhabra, Pirawa and Sironj were in theCentral India Agency.The total area of the princely state was 2553 sq. mi, with a total population in 1901 of 273,201. The town of Tonk,capital of the state, had a population of 38,759 in that year. The town was surrounded by a wall and boasted a mudfort. It had a high school, the Walter hospital for women, under a matron, and a separate hospital for men.The princely state enjoyed an estimated revenue of £77,000; however, no tribute was payable to the government of British India. Grain, cotton, opium and hides were the chief products and exports of the state. Two of the outlying

tracts of the state were served by two different railways.A former minister of Tonk state, Sahibzada Obeidullah Khan, was deputed on political duty to Peshawar during theTirah campaign of 1897.In 1899-1900, the state suffered much distress due to drought. Nawab Sir Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan GCIE (ruled 1867-1930) was one of few chiefs to attend both Lord Lytton'sDurbar in 1877 and the Delhi Durbar of 1903 as ruler.In 1947, on the Partition of India whereby India and Pakistan gained independence, the Nawab of Tonk decided toaccede to the Union of India. Subsequently, most of the area of the state of Tonk was integrated into the Rajasthanstate, while some of its eastern enclaves became part of Madhya Pradesh.The foundation of the principality of Tonk led to the creation of a large Rajasthani Pathan community.The Salarzai rulers of Tonk 

* Muhammad Amir Khan 1798 - 1834

* Muhammad Wazir Khan 1834 - 1864* Muhammad Ali Khan 1864 - 1867* Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan 1867 - June 23, 1930* Muhammad Sa'adat Ali Khan June 23, 1930 - May 31, 1947

Muhammad Amir Khan

 Nawab Muhammad Amir Khan (1768 – 1834) was a leader, of Pashtun origin belonging to its Salarzai branch and thefirst ruler of the princely state of Tonk (in the present day Rajasthan state of India). He was the son of Hayat Khan andthe grandson of Taleh Khan.He is often confused as a member of the Pindaris although he was a Pathan with hisPathan contingency. British colonial writers sometimes tended to confuse the Pathans as part of the Pindaris.He allied himself most closely with the Maratha rulers, Scindia and Holkar, on whose behalf he would set out to attack their enemies each November, after the monsoon rains. While the Pindaris tended to concentrate on the east and southcentral Hindustan, Amir Khan and his Pathans concentrated on the north and Rajasthan. At the height of his power, heis said to have controlled a personal following of 8,000 cavalry, 10,000 infantry and up to 200 guns. The largestcontingent amongst the Pindari chiefs, by far.In return for their services, the Maratha rulers of Gwalior, Indore and Berar often conferred land grants on thePindaris. By the early years of the nineteenth century, these yielded additional revenues of between Rs 800,000 and Rs2 million per annum. Sometimes, they would 'refrain from plunder' on the payment of large financial indemnities fromtheir intended prey.After the defeat of the Rohillas in the Rohilla War of 1774 – 5 against the British, he fought against them. He hadacquired the town and pargana of Tonk and the title of Nawab from Yashwantrao Holkar in 1798, and this areatogether with some other scattered parganas that he held, was combined with the pargana of Rampura (Aligarh) anderected into a new principality. Ultimately he established his rule in Tonk in 1806.In 1817 the Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief, The Marquess of Hastings, resolved to extinguish the

Pindaris whom they deemed a menace. The Treaty of Gwalior severed the link between them and Scindia. Moreover,the treaty required the latter to join forces with the British to eliminate the Pindaris and Pathans.Bowing to the inevitable, Amir Khan assiduously came to terms with the British, agreeing to disband his men in returnfor a large stipend and recognition as a hereditary ruler. Amir Khan was recognized as hereditary nawab, disbanded

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his forces and quietly settled down to consolidating his little state. He became a faithful friend to the British, earning praise and consideration from successive pro-consuls.Amir Khan died in 1834. He was succeeded by his son Muhammad Wazir Khan (r. 1834 – 1864).

Muhammad Wazir Khan

Muhammad Wazir Khan (reigned 1834 – 1864) was the second ruler of the princely state of Tonk (in the present dayRajasthan state of India).He was the son of Muhammad Amir Khan whom he succeeded. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 he allied himself with the British and repulsed rebels.[1]

Sunehri Kothi, Tonk Sunehri Kothi (Mansion of Gold) is a magnificent hall in the city of Tonk in the Indian state of Rajasthan.The hall is within the old palace complex, whose walls and ceilings are one sumptuous expanse of enamel mirror-work, gilt and painted glass illuminated through stained-glass windows.The entire effect is that of an exquisite piece of enamel jewellery blown up to the size of a hall.It was built by Nawab Mohammed Ibrahim Ali Khan (1867-1930), the Nawab of Tonk, for poetry recitals, dance andmusic.Uniara

Contents: - Geography/ Demographics/ rajasthan School of PaintingUniara is a city and a municipality in Tonk district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.Geography

Uni i loced 25°55′N 76°01′E / 25.92°N 76.02°E / 25.92; 76.02[1]. It has an average elevation of 266 metres

(872 feet).Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Uniara had a population of 10,827. Males constitute 51% of the population andfemales 49%. Uniara has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is70%, and female literacy is 42%. In Uniara, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.Uniara is located on National Highway No.116. Nearest Railway station is Sawai Madhopur, 39 km and districtheadquarter Tonk, 39 km. Nearest Airport is Jaipur, 136 km. Uniara is well connected from Jaipur, Kota, Bundi,Ajmer by road. Uniara is located at 136 km on the way to Ranthambhore National Park from State Capital of Rajasthan Jaipur. Near Uniara there is a place of tourist attraction at village 'Kheda' 15 km on the way from Uniara totonk near village Kakod. At village 'Kheda' there is a real size elephant carved out of stone. There is a Heritage Palaceat Uniara, city has some large Hindu Temples, worth visiting for their architecture. Best season to visit Uniara isOctober to February.

rajasthan School of PaintingUniara had an important school of Indian painting in the 18th century that was an offshoot of the Bundi school.Prominent painters, who served under the ruler Sirdar Singh, included Dhano and Mira Bagas (Mir Baksh).Vanasthali

Vanasthali is a census town in Tonk district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[1], Vanasthali had a population of 6676. Males constitute 31% of the population andfemales 69%. Vanasthali has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacyis 77%, and female literacy is 84%. In Vanasthali, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.See also

Banasthali VidyapithBanasthali Vidyapith is an all woman's university located in the Tonk district of Rajasthan, India, 72 km from Jaipur.Over the last seventy three years Banasthali has developed into a National Centre for women's education. It is one of the five universities in India meant exclusively for Women.Aviation training at Banasthali VidyapithBanasthali Vidyapith is a center of learning for girls from nursery to post-graduate stage, offering them moderneducation without together with India's basic cultural and traditional values. It emphasizes a synthesis of the spiritualand scientific values of East and West.Contents

* 1 History* 2 Courses

o 2.1 PostGraduate Courses

* 3 National institution for women's education* 4 Jaipur Campus* 5 Infrastructure and learning resources* 6 References* 7 External links

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 History

On October 6, 1935 Ratan Shastri and Pandit Heera Lal Shastri founded Banasthali Vidyapith in memory of their daughter Shantabai and all the hostels of vidyapith are named after her like Shri Shanta Bhavan,Shri Shanta Niwas,Shri Shanta Kuteer.[1].Courses

University offers Under Graduate and Post Graduate courses in Science, Business, Computer Applications, SocialSciences and others.

PostGraduate Courses* M.A. (Education, Economics, History, Political Science, Sociology, Sanskrit, Hindi, English, Drawing andPainting, Music (Instrumental/Vocal), Textile Design(Weaving/Printing).

* M.Sc.(Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science+, Mathematical Sciences(Pure Mathematics/ Theoretical Computer Science/Operations Research/Statistics), Bio-Sciences(Animal Science/Plant Science), Biotechnology, Electroni , Bio-Informatics, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology).

* Master of Business Administration (MBA)* Master of Computer Administration (MCA)* M.Tech. (Computer Science +/Software Engineering +/VLSI Design /Information Technology+).* M.Ed.* M.Sc. (Home Science) (Human Development, Foods Science & Nutrition, Clothing & Textile).* M.Phil. (Social Sciences and English Language Teaching, Hindi, Music (Vocal/ Instrumental), Mathematical

Sciences).* Ph.D. ((Sanskrit, Hindi, English, Economics, History, Political Science, Sociology, Public Administration ,Music,

Drawing & Painting, Computer Science, Electronics, Mathematics, Statistics, Physics, Bio-science, Biotechnology,Home-science (Human Development / Food Science and Nutrition n/ Clothing & Textile), Education, Management). b tech — from last three years it has startedNational institution for women's education

Bnhli‘ educion pogmme im n ll-ound developmen of he uden‘ peonliy. To chieve iobjective of synthesis of spiritual values and scientific achievements of the East and the West, there is a fivefoldEducational Programme (Pachmukhi Shiksha) consisting of the following aspects: (i) Physical, (ii) Practical, (iii)Aesthetic, (iv) Moral and (v) Intellectual.The Vidyapith (Banasthali Vidyapith is now Banasthali University) has had virtual autonomy for its school programmes since the very beginning and was affiliated to an outside agency for its university programmes in 1983.

On October 25, 1983 the Government of India, on the advice of the University Grants Commission, notified theVidyapith as an Institution deemed to be University.The Vidyapith (Banasthali Vidyapith is now Banasthali University), after attaining the university status in 1983,restructured its undergraduate programme. That resulted into several inclusions such as dual honours. At the post-graduate level, the Vidyapith (Banasthali Vidyapith is now Banasthali University)introduced courses in Computer Science (covering both theoretical and application aspects), Operational Research, Electronics and Biotechnology.Teacher Education and Management were started in past ten to fifteen years. Recently new courses have been startedsuch as M.Sc. (Bio-Informatics), M.Sc. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) and M.Sc. (Applied Microbiology).Along with professional programmes such as MBA and MCA, all PG Courses in the Faculty of Science also have asemester system. This model has been replicated in other disciplines as well. From 2004 all Social Science,Humanities and Home Science Post-graduate programmes are being run as semester courses. Fine Arts programmesare less attuned to this model but a semester system would provide ample scope for allowing large number of electivesfor the students.Jaipur Campus

The Institute has started another campus at Jaipur since April, 2001 exclusively for Management(BBA,MBA) andIT(BCA,MCA,M.Tech) courses. Jaipur centre is equipped with labs, lecture rooms, library and a 512 kbit/s Internetleased line.Infrastructure and learning resources

The Vidyapith is a residential institute.The Vidyapith has its own land of 850 acres (3.4 km²) in which there are at present 18 academic blocks housingvarious departments, Central Library, auditorium offices. Being a residential institution it necessarily providesresidential accommodation to all its staff and students. There are in all 20 hostels and more than 220 staff quarters andone Woking women‘ Hoel wih 72 e. The cmpu h poviion fo gme nd po pogmme. The Lxmi

Bai maidan (26,690 sq. metres) is used for activities such as parade and annual fares. It also has a storage and projection room for cultural programmes and film shows. The Vidula Maidan (41,950 sq. metres) has fields for gamessuch as Hockey, Volleyball, Basket Ball and Tennis and Yoga, Martial Arts and Mass Physical Display activities inaddition, space for indoors games such as Badminton, Table Tennis etc. is also available. There is a swimming poolwhere students learn swimming as per specified schedule at nominal charges of Rs 2000 per annum. There is a

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licensed air strip of 50,191,418 square metres in the Vidyapith which is used for training the students in gliding andflying. This has been one of the activities introduced as early as 1960 even before Banasthali Vidyapith got Universitystatus.The Vidyapith has its own projector and arranges film shows and cultural programmes on a regular basis.The Central Library of the Vidyapith has over one and a half lakh volumes and is equipped with reprographic facility.The library is connected to the UGC INFLIBNET programme. In addition there are several department librariesceing o he need of he epecive depmen linked hough he Vidypih‘ Cmpu newok. The uden nd

faculty have access to internet via a 512 kbit/s BSNL leased line, 512 kbit/s INFONET VSAT connectivity and a

Campus wide network having its central server at the Apaji Institute. The network and Internet access have beenextended to four hostels housing Postgraduate students where a Computer with network is provided in each room.This provides them unlimited opportunities to unleash the power of the Internet.A ecen noble ddiion i ‗Communiy FM Rdio Sion‘ inugued ‗Rdio Bnhli‘ on Jnuy 9, 2005

which broadcasts educative and entertainment programmes locally recorded by the students and staff of BanasthaliVidyapith. It operates at 90.4 MHz and serves the campus and the community within a radius of 30 km around theVidyapith.The Vidypih h i own hopil, ―Apji Aogy Mndi‖ wih 60 bed, hee doco, one vaidya (an Ayurvedic physician) and other hospital staff. The hospital works round the clock throughout the year. The location and theVidyapith being in the interior, it does not have any access to public hostels or guest houses. Round the year there areguests on Campus on University assignments and/or parents and guardians of the students and visitors who are provided accommodation in the guest house.

Other services are made available on campus such as Post and Telegraph Office, PCOs and a Telephone Exchange,Banks Extension Counters, (United Commercial Bank and The Central Cooperative Cooperative Bank Ltd. Tonk),SBI‘ ATM Exenion Coune Mke including Book nd Sioney hop nd Medicl Soe. Dev Dham Jodhpuriya

Dev Dham Jodhpuriya is a temple of God Shri Devnarayan.It is situated in Newai municipality of Tonk district,Rajasthan.The place is 75 km away from Jaipur on jaipur-kota national highway (NH-12). It is situated near Mashidam, Manoharpura[1] in Newai municipality of Tonk district.Shri devnarayan is worshiped as incarnation of lord Vishnu.As tradition tells, He got incarnated in Vikram Samvat968 as Son of Gurjar warrior Shri Sawai Bhoj Bagaravat and Saadu Maata Gurjari.Contents:- Festivals/ Statues/ Aarati and Night vigilsFestivals

Every year two fairs are organised in memory of Lord Dev-Maharaj (Devnarayan Bhagawan).

StatuesA statue at Jodhpuriya of Sri Sawai Bhoj Gurjar, one of the 24 Gurjar brothers known as Bagaravat.The temple is decorated with various statues which includes the statue of cousins of God Devnarayan, Bhuna ji andMehandu ji along with their half-sister Taradey panwar, Gurjar warrior Sri Sawai Bhoj, statue of child Devnarayansitting in lap of Saadu Maata Gurjari, statue of the birth place of Lord Devnarayan-Maalasheri Doongari and Statue of Devnarayan Bhagawan drinking milk of lioness.Aarati and Night vigils

Statue of Saadu Maata Gurjari With her son Shri Devnarayan at Jodhpuriya.Akhand Jyoti at night with images of mounted soldiers which reflect in red and white.Akhand Jyoti near Maasi Dam, Manoharpura.Aarati (major worship) of Devnarayan bhagawan daily happens thrice a day, first one at 4 am followed by 11 am andlast one at 7 pm. Friday is the day when devotees from distant villages and cities come to visit the temple. Night-vigil(jaagirn) are organized by so many devotees specially on Friday night and almost every day in summer season. In fairs(2 fairs in a year,) Bhopas of Devnarayan bhagawan makes figures related to dev-maharaj's birth and his brave deedson a Thali while dancing.Devnarayan bhagawan is worshiped almost by every section in rajasthan, specially Gurjars as being heirs and priestsof lord Devnarayan.The following quote can be observed on every image of Sri Devnarayan:"Samvat 968 ke aansh, janam liya Gurjar ke vanshSadhu sati ke vachno dwara,kamal phool Dev liya avatar."That means he incarnated in Gurjar dynasty in vikram samvat 968 (911 A.D.) to fulfill the promise he gave to Saadumaata Gurjari.Bagri Ki Dhani

Manoharpura (     ) (also called Bagri ki Dhani), is famous for Mashi dam [1]. The village is situated near theJodhpuriya temple of Devnarayan Bhagawan in the Tonk district of Rajasthan, India.

The village is also known as Bagri ki Dhani as most of the Bagri ( ) clan of the Gurjar are living here.

Notable personality

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* Shri Bhagwan ji Bagri, patel of the village and working for the welfare of the village.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatpur,_India

Bharatpur district

Contents:- Demographics/ History/ Keoladeo National Park/ Places to see Bharatpur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Bharatpur is the district headquarters.The district has an area of 5,066 km². It is bounded by Rewari and Gurgaon districts of Haryana on the north, Mathuraand Agra districts of Uttar Pradesh on the east, and the Rajasthan districts of Dholpur on the south, Karauli on thesouthwest, and Dausa and Alwar on the west.

Three rivers, the Ban Ganga, Rooparel, and Gambhir, cross the district. The Ban Ganga originates in Jaipur District, passes through Dausa and Bharatpur districts to meet the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh. The Gambhir River startsfrom Pachana Dam of Karauli District, and meets the Ban Ganga in Bayana tehsil. The Rooparel River starts fromhills of Alwar District and enters the district in Kaman tehsil.Bharatpur District is famous for Keoladeo National Park, a major wintering area for migratory birds. Established as aduck-hunting reserve by the Maharajas of Bharatpur, it was known as the best duck shooting resort in the BritishEmpire. The site was declared a bird sanctuary in 1956 and later upgraded to National Park. UNESCO has listed it as aworld heritage site. Keoladeo National Park attracts 364 species of birds, including many from India, but also fromAfghanistan, Turkmenistan, Siberia, China and Tibet, including the rare Siberian Crane. As the monsoons arrive andthe wetlands and marshes start to fill with water, birds start pouring into the park.

Bharatpur (Hindi:     ) is a city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It was founded by Maharaja Suraj Mal in 1733.

Located in the Brij region, Bharatpur was once an impregnable, well-planned and well-fortified city, and the capital of 

Jats kingdom ruled by SinsinwarMaharajas.The trio of Bharatpur, Deeg and Dholpur has played an important part inthe history of Rajasthan. Located 55 km west of the city of Agra (the city of the Taj Mahal) and 35 km from Mathura,it is also the administrative headquarters of Bharatpur District and also the headquarters of Bharatpur Division of Rajasthan. The Royal House of Bharatpur traces their history to the 11th Century AD. of this region are of mostrespected royal status in Rajasthan.Bhpu i loced 27°13′N 77°29′E / 27.22°N 77.48°E / 27.22; 77.48[1]. It has an average elevation of 183metres (600 feet).Bharatpur is also known as Lohagarh. Bharatpur is famous for its sweets which are well prepared here and there are alarge number of shops here. There are more than 50 oil mills in Bharatpur due to mustard grown in large quantity inthe surrounding areas.Demographics

As of the 2001[update] Indian census[2], Bharatpur had a population of 304,560. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Bharatpur has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 75% and female literacy of 56%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.History

Main article: History of Bharatpur The history of Bharatpur has immediate correlations with the history of Rajasthan. The town was named Bharatpur after Bharata, a brother of Lord Rama, whose other brother Laxman is the family deity of the erstwhile royal family of Bharatpur. The city and the fort of Bharatpur have been believed to be founded by Maharaja Surajmal in the earlyseventeenth century. He established a state in the Braj region south of Delhi, with its capital at Deeg. Leaders such asGokula, Raja Ram, Churaman and Badan Singh brought together all the Jats and moulded them into a force to bereckoned with. Maharaja Suraj Mal was the state's greatest ruler; he made the state a formidable force in the region.During the British Raj, the state covered an area of 5,123 km² and its rulers enjoyed a salute of 17 guns. The state

acceded unto the Dominion of India in 1947. It was merged with three nearby princely states to form the "MatsyaUnion", which in turn was merged with other adjoining territories to create the present-day state of Rajasthan.Keoladeo National Park Main article: Keoladeo National Park  Now declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, the duck-hunting reserve of the Maharajas is one of the major wintering areas for large numbers of aquatic birds from Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China and Siberia. Some 364species of birds, including the rare Siberian Crane, have been recorded in the park. The name "Keoladeo" is derivedfrom the name of an ancient Hindu temple devoted to Lord Shiva in the sanctuary's central zone while the Hindi term"Ghana" implies dense, thick areas of forest cover. It is mainly famous for siberian crane. It was the only habitat of siberian crane in the world, other than siberia. Now with course of time, this endangered species has stopped reachingthe park.Places to see

Ganga Mandir Bharatpur * Keoladeo National Park * Lohagarh Fort* Government Museum* Golbagh Palace

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* Moti mahal* Kishori Mehal* Laxmi Vilas Palace* Jawahar Burj* Fateh Burj* Ganga mandir * Laxman mandir * Vishwapriya shastri park 

* Bankebihari temple* Nehru Park Fairs and festivals

* Braj Mahotsav* Jaswant exhibition* Gangaur * Teej

Surrounding area

* Deeg Fort* Gopal Bhavan* Laxman mandir [deeg]* Bayana Fort

* Kailadevi Temple [teh-Bayana]* Temples at Kaman

Keoladeo National Park 

The Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary inRajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that sees (or saw) thousands of rare and highly endangered birds suchas the Siberian Crane come here during the winter season. Over 230 species of birds are known to have made the National Park their home. It is also a major tourist centre with scores of ornithologists arriving here in the hibernalseason. It was declared a protected sanctuary in 1971. It is also a declared World Heritage Site.Contents:- History /See also

History

Painted stork at Keoladeo National Park The sanctuary was created 250 years ago and is named after a Keoladeo (Shiva) temple within its boundaries. Initially,

it was a natural depression; and was flooded after the Ajan Bund was constructed by Maharaja Suraj Mal, the thenruler of the princely state of Bharatpur, between 1726 to 1763. The bund was created at the confluence of two rivers,the Gambhir and Banganga. The park was a hunting ground for the maharajas of Bharatpur, a tradition dating back to1850, and duck shoots were organised yearly in honor of the British viceroys. In one shoot alone in 1938, over 4,273 birds such as mallards and teals were killed by Lord Linlithgow, the then Governor-General of India.After India's independence, the rulers of the princely states were allowed shooting rights until 1972. In 1982, grazingwas banned in the park, leading to violent clashes between the local farmer and the government.Lohagarh Fort

Lohagarh Fort (Iron fort) is situated at Bharatpur in Rajasthan, India. It was constructed by Bharatpur Jat rulers.Maharaja Suraj Mal used all his power and wealth to a good cause, and built numerous forts and palaces across hiskingdom, one of them being the Lohagarh Fort(Iron fort), which was one of the strongest ever built in Indian history.The inaccessible Lohagarh fort could withstand repeated attacks of British forces led by Lord Lake in 1805 when theylaid siege for over six weeks. Having lost over 3000 soldiers, the British forces had to retreat and strike a compromisewith the Bharatpur ruler. Of the two gates in the fort, one in the north is known as Ashtdhaatu (eight metalled) gatewhile the one facing the south is called Chowburja (four-pillared) gate.It is very different from the other forts in Rajasthan state, there is no flamboyance associated to fort but it generates anaura of strength and magnificence. The fort is surrounded with moat which was previously filled with water to wardoff the enemy attacks. The sandy ramparts were strengthened by sandy battlements, thus the enemy guns proved of noavail.Some interesting monuments in the fort are Kishori Mahal, Mahal Khas and Kothi Khas. Moti Mahal and towers likeJawahar Burj and Fateh Burj were erected to commemorate the victory over the Mughals and the British army . TheGateway has paintings of huge elephants.Government Museum

Government Museum, established in 1851, is located in Egmore, Chennai, South India. The Museum complexconsisting of six buildings and 46 galleries covers an area of around 16.25 acres (66,000 m²) of land. The objectsdisplayed in the museum cover a variety of artifacts and objects covering diverse fields including archeology,numismatics, zoology, natural history, sculptures, palm-leaf manuscripts and Amravati paintings.

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It is also a designated 'Manuscript Conservation Centre' (MCC) under the National Mission for Manuscriptsestablished in 2003.[1]Bayana

Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ HistoryBayana is a historical town in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan in India. It is a historical city founded by Banasur, whowas an "Asura". He lived during the time of Krishna. His daughter "Usha" was married to Anirudh (grandson of ShriKrishna after a long battle).Geography

Bayana is located in a small plain, between two hill ranges running more or less parallel to each other near the left bank of the Gambhir river, at a distance of 45 km southwest of Bharatpur.Bayana is loced 26°54′N 77°17′E / 26.9°N 77.28°E / 26.9; 77.28.[1] It has an average elevation of 196 metres(643 feet).Banasur Gurjar was king of Bayana city. Name of his daughter was Usa Gurjar. Veer gurjar's were ruler kingdom of Bayana samraaj from 900-1250.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Bayana had a population of 33,504. Males constitute 54% of the population andfemales 46%. Bayana has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 63% of themales and 37% of females literate. 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.History

The ancient name of Bayana was Sripatha or Sriprashtha or Shantipura. A big hoard of the ancient Indian coins were

discovered in 1946 at the distance of 11 km from Bayana. In 372 AD, Vishnu Vardhana erected the sacrificial pillar inmemory of pundarika sacrifice for prosperity. In 1046 AD Chittralekha, the queen of Mangalaraja (Mangalraja wasKachawaha king of Gwalior. He was son of Vazradama, who died in a battle with Mahmood of Gazni in 1000 AD.)Built the temple of Vishnu .It is a curious mixture of Hindu and Mohammad relics. Ruled by stalwarts like Muhammad Ghori, Sikandar Lodhi andHumayun, Bayana held a special place in history. According to Abul Fazal: "this town is the burial place of manyillustrious men". It can be adjudged that various important battles were fought here. Akbarnama mention that informer times Bayana was the capital of a province of which Agra was merely a dependent village.Before the main Battle of Khanua, in 1527. Rana Sanga and Hasan Khan Mewati had initial success here. Manygenerals and soldiers of Babur were killed here. The graves of these generals still present in Bayana. It was here thatBabur renounced alcohol. A mosque named "Talaqani Masjid" is still present to commemorate this event. Babur alsoconstructed "Jhajhri" here. Which is present until now. Bayana is about 35 kilometres from Khanwa and about 46 km

from Fatehpur Sikri.Bayana is famous for Bijaigarh (Vijaygarh) fort, which was built by Jadon Raja Bijai Pal in 1040 A.D. The Bijaigarhfort contains several old temples and a red sandstone pillar bearing an inscription of Vishnuvardhan, a feudatory of Samudragupta. The fort was described as one of the most famous forts in India by Babur himself. Besides this, there isa monolithic sandstone pillar, a combination of Hindu and Muslim styles, which bears many inscriptions.Another important place is Temple of Usha, which was built during the reign of Raja Laxman Sen, (Laxman wasfather of Vazradama the kachawaha king of Gwalior) by his wife. Usha loved and married Aniruddh after a long battle. This is the only temple in India dedicated to Usha. There is a Fort At Arwali Mounten at village Sikndra 5K.M.From bayanaBhusawar

Bhusawar is a city and a municipality in Bharatpur district in the state of Rajasthan, India.Deeg

Contents:- Geography/ History/ Deeg in films/ Fairs/ Demographics/ See also

Deeg (Hindi:  ) is a city and a municipality in Bharatpur district in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is situated in the

north of Bharatpur at a distance of 32 km, and 98 km (61 miles) North of Agra. Deeg comes under THE BIGPARIKRMA MARG of Lord Krishna which was started from Goverdhan, just only 12 km. far from deeg. It is an

ancient town. It finds mention in Skanda Purana (       ) as "Dirgha" or "Dirghapur". Deeg was the first capital of 

the newly carved out Jat state of Bharatpur, when Badan Singh was proclaimed its ruler in 1722. In 1730, theMaharaja Suraj Mal erected the strong fortress of Deeg. After Suraj Mal moved the capital to Bharatpur, Deeg becamethe second capital of the rulers of Bharatpur princely state. It is known for its number of forts, palaces, gardens andfountains.Geography

Deeg i loced 27°28′N 77°20′E / 27.47°N 77.33°E / 27.47; 77.33.[1] It has an average elevation of 174 m (571 ft).History

I i n ncien own. I find menion in Sknd Pun ―Digh‖ o ―Dighpu‖. Deeg w he fi cpil of henewly carved out Jat state of Bharatpur, when Badan Singh was proclaimed its ruler in 1722. In 1730, the MaharajaSuraj Mal erected the strong fortress of Deeg. After Suraj Mal moved the capital to Bharatpur, Deeg became the

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second capital of the rulers of Bharatpur princely state. It is known for its number of forts, palaces, gardens andfountains.Badan Singh ( 1722 – 1756 AD) after assuming the throne consolidated the headship of the tribe and thereby becamethe virtual founder of the Jat house at Bharatpur. The credit of commencing the urbanization of Deeg also goes to him.It was he who selected this spot as the headquarters of his newly established Jat kingdom.The strong citadel with towering walls and bastions was erected slightly later in 1730 AD by Surajmal, the worthy sonof Badansingh. About the same period according to certain writers the large charming tank called Rup Sagar was built by Rup Singh, the brother of Badan Singh. The beautiful garden retreat adorning this city is the most outstanding of 

the artistic accomplishments of Surajmal and serves to this day a glorious memorial to the celebrated hero of the Jattribe. After the death of Surajmal, his son Jawahar Singh (1764  – 68 AD) completed certain palaces including theSuraj Bhawan and gave finishing touch to the gardens and fountains. Deeg (Lat. 27º 28' N; Long. 77º 20' E), ancientDirghapura in district Bharatpur became a stronghold of the Jat rulers during 18th -19th cent AD. It is located at adistance of 153 km from Delhi and 98 km from Agra. It falls within the territorial limits of the ancient holy Braj -Bhumi.Historically, Deeg is associated with the rise of the Jat peasants under the leadership of Rajaram (AD 1686-88), BhajjaSingh (AD 1688-98) and Churaman (AD 1695-1721). After the death of Churaman, Badansingh (AD 1722-56)consolidated his authority over several districts and became the virtual founder of the Jat rule at Bharatpur. He iscredited with transforming Deeg into a flourishing town with beautiful buildings, palaces and gardens. Surajmal (AD1756-63), the son and successor of Badansingh was the greatest ruler and during his rule the power of clan reached itszenith.

Deeg in filmsThe 1972 movie by Conrad Rooks, Siddhartha, based on Herman Hesse's novel, was shot in Deeg. Additional scenesin the film were shot in Keoladeo Ghana Sanctuary, Bharatpur. The town is very famous due to Jat history. The british people couldn't enter in the city, the last wish of british people was to see the Deeg palace when they were leavingIndia but the royal jat raja did not allow them.Fairs

 Now a days Deeg is famous for the three-day fair held in the month of September, when the forts of Deeg are broughtto liveliness. Deeg has various kinds of palaces, the most famous among them is "Sawan-Bhadon". The palace has ahollow ceiling with rolling iron spheres in it; when water is made to flow into the ceiling, these spheres collide witheach other and produce a sound like raining clouds.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Deeg had a population of 40,826. Males constitute 54% of the population and

females 46%. Deeg has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is71% and, female literacy is 49%. In Deeg, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.See also

* Deeg PalaceDeeg Palace

Deeg Palace is a palace situated near Bharatpur in Rajasthan state in India. Built in 1772 it lies 32 km from Bharatpur.[1]History

Deeg i n ncien own. I find menion in Sknd Pun ―Digh‖ o ―Dighpu‖. Deeg w he fi cpil of the newly carved out Jat state of Bharatpur, when Badan Singh was proclaimed its ruler in 1722. In 1730, theMaharaja Suraj Mal erected the strong fortress of Deeg. After Suraj Mal moved the capital to Bharatpur, Deeg becamethe second capital of the rulers of Bharatpur princely state. It is known for its number of forts, palaces, gardens andfountains.After assuming the throne, Badan Singh (1722 – 56 AD) consolidated the headship of the tribe and thereby became thevirtual founder of the Jat house at Bharatpur. The credit of commencing the urbanization of Deeg also goes to him. Itwas he who selected this spot as the headquarters of his newly established Jat kingdom.The strong citadel with towering walls and bastions was erected slightly later in 1730 AD by Surajmal, the worthy sonof Badan Singh. About the same period according to certain writers the large charming tank called Rup Sagar was built by Rup Singh, the brother of Badan Singh. The beautiful garden retreat adorning this city is the most outstandingof the artistic accomplishments of Surajmal and serves to this day a glorious memorial to the celebrated hero of the Jattribe. After the death of Surajmal, his son Jawahar Singh (1764 – 68 AD) completed certain palaces including the SurajBhawan and gave finishing touch to the gardens and fountains.The architecture of Deeg is mainly represented by the mansions called the Bhawans popularly known as Gopal

Bhawan, Suraj Bhawan, Kishan Bhawan, Nand Bhawan, Keshav Bhawan, Hardev Bhawan. The striking features of these palaces are balanced outlines, fine proportions, commodious halls, attractive and logically disposed arcades,alluring greenery, charming tanks and canals with fountains. The layout of Deeg gardens is based on formality of theMughal Char bagh or fourfold garden patterns and flanked by two reservoirs called namely Rup Sagar and GopalSagar.

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The architecture is primarily of trabeate order, but the use of arcuate system has also been made in certain instances.Mostly the arcades are of a decorative quality as each arch is formed by joining spandrel shaped slab cantivelers projecting from the pillars. The general features of this style are engrailed arches resting on ornate pillars, hypostylar halls flat roof terraces, balconies and pavilions with Bengal roofs, double eaves, moderate structural heights andspacious internal arrangements.Kaman

Contents Geography/ Demographics/ History/ Transport'KAMAN' is a Town and block headquarter(sub division) and a (municipality) in Bharatpur district in Rajasthan state

of IndiaGeography

Kmn i loced 27°39′N 77°16′E / 27.65°N 77.27°E / 27.65; 77.27[1]. It has an average elevation of 189 metres(620 feet).It is bordered by two states(haryana and U.P.)from West and North respectively.At the village Nonera the border of Haryana and U.P. touches and make a triangle.Important and big villages are :- Bilang,Bolkhera,Jurehra,Bilond,Indrauli,Akata ,Lewda ,Somka,Sehsan ,Sablana,Birar ,Dhamari,Satwas,Anchwara,Amrooka,Garh Ajan,Moosepur, Luhesar,pai,Bmni,Nonera,Khedli gumani(khedi Nogaiyan),Unchera,Bhandara,Tayra,Gurira,Ladlaka,Gundgaon,Angarawali,Gamdi (famous for tatloo),Sonokhar etc.and many other small villages.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Kaman had a population of 72,777. Males constitute 54% of the population andfemales 46%. Kaman has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is

68%, and female literacy is 44%. In Kaman, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.The boundary of Kamantehsil are touched with Deeg, Nagar and Pahari tehsil of Bharatpur district and State boarder is touched with Kosi inU.P. Boarder and Punhana tehsil in Haryana stateHistory

View of Vimal KundKaman is a very old town, situated in the north of Bharatpur.It has important historical background. It is considered to be a very old and sacred town of Hindus as it forms a part of (Braj) or (Brij) area where Lord Krishna spent his earlylife. It is also known as Kamawan. Its former name is said to have been Brahmapur, but Raja Kamsen the maternalgrand father of Krishna changed it to Kaman after his own name. Kaman is the short name of Kadambawana for numerous Kadamba Trees are found here. It is a place of Pilgrimage, Annually visited by a large number of [Vaishnava] in the month of Bhadon as a part of Vanyatra. The remains of a Masjid consisting of 84 pillars, named'Choui Khmb‘ ill exi hee. None of hee pill i wihou onmen nd ome e vey highly

decorated.Many indian languages have been carved out on the red coloured wall stones in the monument.On the top of the arch of main entrance gate many verses of HOLY QUR'AN have been carved out.It is interesting that the wholestructure was built up without using cement and clay. all pillars have been joined to each other. in the middle in thefront wall there is Mehrab (middle arch)where IMAM (RELIGIOUS LEADER)to adress the people duringJuma(friday prayer).Kaman also has 84 kunds (ponds) many of them have been lost their existence. Kaman has long been under the rule of king [Jaipur] but was conquered and annexed by Maharaja jawahar Singh. Some palaces of Jaipur Chiefs still exist here. Maharaja Jai Singh took the idols of Madan Mohanji and Gokul Chandramanji to hisnewly built city of Jaipur but due to some reasons the idols were brought back to Kaman after a short stay atBikaner.A fair also held in rainy season called as "Parikrama Mela" or 'Parkamma' at the higher ground of 'CheelMahal'(Eagle palace).the palce called cheel mahal due to its characteristic of higherness to the surrounding area.Located north of Bharatpur is the small town of Kaman. It is believed to be a very sacred town for the Hindus as it belongs to the Braj area where Lord Krishna is believed to have resided. Previously known as Brahampore, the namew chnged by Rj Km Sen, Lod Kihn‘ gndfhe. I i nmed fe he mny kdmbh ee in he e.  Maharaja Jai Singh took the idols of Madan Mohanji and Gokul Chandraman to his newly built city of Jaipur but dueto some reasons the idols were brought back to Kaman after a short stay at Bikaner. Its former name is believed tohave been Brahampore, but Raja Kama Sen, the maternal grand father of Krishna changed it to Kaman.Kaman is the short name of Kadambawana for numerous Kadhamba Trees are found here. It is a place of Pilgrimage.Annually this place is thronged by a large number of Vaishnava in the month of Bhadon as a part of Banyatra .Theemin of monumen coniing of 84 pill, nmed Choui Khmb‘ ill exi hee. None of these pillars iswithout ornament and some are even very highly decorated.Kaman is a small town known for several prominent temples of Rajasthan and a key halt of travelers. Along withnumerous significant temples as Govindaji Temple, Vimala Kunda and Kameswara Mahadeva Siva Temple of Kaman, Chaurasi Khamba is the renowned temple known for its significance and magnitude. Sited a little west of the

town Chaurasi Khamba temple is regarded as the prime means of attraction of Rajasthan. This architecturally beautiful building, Chaurasi Khamba has thus left its mark in travel and tourism of Bharatpur.Eighty-four ancient beautifully carved pillars has carefully festooned the monument and thus obtained the nameChaurasi Khamba temple. Resembled with the monument at Gokula, Chaurasi Khamba is successfully grabbing thetourist to unfurl and explore its architecturally carved pillars. This place is believed as the renowned spot of Nanda

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Maharaja. The monument is also visited for its significance of having the abode of Pandava Brothers during their 14-years exile.Transport

Kaman is well connected to bharatpur,alwar,jaipur,delhi,faridabad,gurgaon,ambala,panipat,chandigarh and many other major cities of north-west india by roads.you can buses ot rajasthan roadways at regular intervels to these cities fromkaman, the nearest relway station is kosi-kalan 25km from it.other major junction near to kaman are bharatpur andmathura.Kumher

Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ BankingKumbher is a historical city and municipality in the Bharatpur district of Rajasthan, India. It was founded by a Jatchieftain Kumbh.Geography

Kumhe i loced 27°19′N 77°22′E / 27.32°N 77.37°E / 27.32; 77.37.[1] It has an average elevation of 176 metres(577 feet). Kumher is also the birthplace of the illustrious Arya Samaji Vedic and Ayurvedic scholar, Pt.Satyendranath Vaidya (1902-1982).Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Kumher had a population of 30,500. Males constitute 54% of the population andfemales 46%. Kumher has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is95%, and female literacy is 75%. In Kumher, 90% of the population is under 6 years of age.Banking

There are branches of some nationalised banks in Kumher, and also has the only ATM machine between Bharatpur and Deeg.Nadbai

 Nadbai is a city and a municipality in Bharatpur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.Nadbai is divided into Katraand Nadbai.RAM MANDIR is the famous temple in nadbai.Geography

 Nadbai i loced 27°14′N 77°12′E / 27.23°N 77.2°E / 27.23; 77.2[1]. It has an average elevation of 205 metres(672 feet).It is about 34 km from distt. head Qtr. Bharatpur, 10 Km from NH-11. its about 15 kilometers from halena,located insouth on NH11.its divided in two parts, Katra & Nadbai. has a Railway station which is now being reconstructed, as its better & bigger now. Nadbai includes industriel area as well. Nadbai is the best place to get supply for musterd oil as its

surrounded with a lot villages with productive land. Now a days bricks manufacturing units are getting existence Near about the Nadbai, and near about more than 100 nosof bricks manufacturing units has been eastablished till the year of 2010. Seven nos of musterd oil industies havingregisterd trade marka, and more than 60 small mustard oil extracting units has been established also. Mustered oilyielded by these units are mostly supplied to the eastern india. Thus the Nadbai town is well touch in trade witheastern india. Beside this indias most important Cattle feed industary is also situated here. which is the unit of wellknown SARAS DAIRY.Rajasthan's top most Krishi Upaj Mandi is also eastablished here.

== NADBAI is the hub of education in rajasthan ==students of nadbai are getting the top most ranking in the merit list of rajasthan board every year in last few years, andfrom year 2003 every year.this is also known as a MINI KOTA of RajasthanAs Nadbai has its own recognition in the field of education in north India, Mr. Ajay Katara( MD of S. R. Group ) Mr.Ghansgyam katar of Kala vidya Mandir , Mr. Vijay Raj singh of Nootan Adarsh Vidya mandir, Mr. Santosh Agrawalof Adarsh Public School,Mr.Satish Sharma of Tagor Public School,Mr.Daya chand of swami Dayanand sarswatisachool, Mr. Govind Singh of Bharti Bal Niketan are the well kown personalities for doing Splendid work and providing grand results at various levels and getting the good results in the field of education and placing their students in the top 10 ranking of merit list of Rajasthan Board.Due to their best efforts students of Nadbai towncaptures places in the Rajasthan Board's merit list every year.Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Nadbai had a population of 21,644. Males constitute 54% of the population andfemales 46%. Nadbai has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is75%, and female literacy is 53%. In Nadbai, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Nagar Nagar is a city and a municipality in Bharatpur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is in between Bharatpur andAlwar. It is famous for a sweet called "Jalewa".Geography

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 Ng i loced 25°54′N 75°50′E / 25.9°N 75.83°E / 25.9; 75.83[1]. It has an average elevation of 304 metres (997feet). 

Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Nagar had a population of 21,349. Males constitute 54% of the population andfemales 46%. Nagar has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is69%, and female literacy is 45%. In Nagar, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.It is a place in Bharatpur district, lying in between Bharatpur and Alwar. Distance from delhi to 175 km and fromJaipur to 150 km.

WeirWeir is a city and a municipality in Bharatpur District in the Indian state of Rajasthanthree bank and sub division of  bharatpur districts this city is situated to bayana and jaipur road in weir one atm .Geography

Wei i loced 25°41′N 75°44′E / 25.68°N 75.73°E / 25.68; 75.73[1]. It has an average elevation of 272 metres(1092 feet).Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Weir had a population of 17,331. Males constitute 53% of the population andfemales 47%. Weir has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is71%, and female literacy is 41%. In Weir, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.Dholpur district

Dholpur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Dholpur is the district headquarters.

Dholpur District has an area of 3084 km². The Chambal River forms the southern boundary of the district, acrosswhich lies the state of Madhya Pradesh. The district is bounded by the state of Uttar Pradesh on the east and northeast, by Bharatpur District of Rajasthan on the northwest, and Karauli District of Rajasthan on the west. All along the bank of the Chambal River the district is deeply intersected by ravines; low ranges of hills in the western portion of thedistrict supply quarries of fine-grained and easily-worked red sandstone.The population of the district is 982,815 (2001 census), with a population density of 324 persons per km². The population grew 31.2% between 1991 and 2001. The literacy rate is 60.1% in 2001, 75.1% for males and 41.8% for females. Administratively the district is divided into four subdivisions, Dholpur, Badi, Rajakhera, and Basedi, and fivetehsils, Dholpur, Badi, Rajakhera, Basedi, and Saipau.The economy of the district is primarily agricultural.