Multiplex_Network_usui
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輪読会
• 第一回multilayer networks輪読会
• Mason A. Porter氏のサーベイ論文の輪読
http://arxiv.org/abs/1309.7233
• 一人10分を目安にしてください(発表10分,質疑5分程度)
• スライドシェアーして,メールしてください!
1
研究の発展
• Move beyond simple graphs
investigate more realistic frameworks
• e.g.
Edges can be directed
Edges have different strengths
Edges are active only at certain times
Edges exist only between nodes that belong to
different sets
“networks of networks”
• See Sction 2.4
4
categorize edges
• 一種類の関係のみのネットワークで社会システムを表すことは現実を過度に単純化
• 複数種類の関係を用いたmultiple social network
の研究が重要 J. Scott. Social Network Analysis. SAGE Publications, 2012.
S. Wasserman and K. Faust. Social Network Analysis: Methods
and Applications. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
5
Multilayer network
• F. Roethlisberger and W. Dickson. Management and the
worker. Cambridge University Press, 1939.
ホーソンの実験
relations between 14 individuals via 6 different types of social
interactions
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様々なmultilayer network
• “multiplex networks” M. Gluckman. The judicial process among the Barotse of
Northern Rhodesia. Manchester University Press, 1955.
L. M. Verbrugge. Multiplexity in adult friendships. Social Forces,
57(4):1286–1309, 1979.
• “multirelational networks” S. Wasserman and K. Faust. Social Network Analysis: Methods
and Applications. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
• “multi-stranded” relationships J. C. Mitchell, editor. Social Networks in Urban Situations:
Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns.
Manchester University Press, 1969.
7
様々なmultilayer network
• “multilevel networks”
several types of nodes or hierarchical structures
See Section 2.8
• exponential random graph models (ERGMs) D. Lusher, J. Koskinen, and G. Robins. Exponential Random Graph
Models for Social Networks. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
• meta-networks and meta-matrices K. M. Carley and V. Hill. Structural change and learning within
organizations, 2001.
• methods for identifying social roles using
blockmodeling and relational algebras 8
In the computer-science and computational
linear-algebra communities
• studied various types of multilayer networks
tensor-decomposition methods • D. M. Dunlavy, T. G. Kolda, and W. P. Kegelmeyer. Multilinear algebra for
analyzing data with multiple linkages. In J. Kepner and J. Gilbert, editors,
Graph Algorithms in the Language of Linear Algebra, Fundamentals of
Algorithms, pages 85–114. SIAM, Philadelphia, 2011.
• T. G. Kolda and B. W. Bader. Tensor decompositions and applications.
SIAM Rev., 51(3):455–500, 2009.
multiway data analysis • E. Acar and B. Yener. Unsupervised multiway data analysis: A literature
survey. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., 21(1):6–20, 2009.
See Section 4.2.4, 4.5.2
9
the singular value
decomposition (SVD) • most widespread methods
C. D. Martin and M. A. Porter. The extraordinary SVD. Am. Math.
Monthly, 119:838–851, 2012.
• extremely successful in many applications
• used to extract communities or to rank nodes D. M. Dunlavy, T. G. Kolda, and W. P. Kegelmeyer. Multilinear algebra for
analyzing data with multiple linkages. In J. Kepner and J. Gilbert, editors, Graph
Algorithms in the Language of Linear Algebra, Fundamentals of Algorithms,
pages 85–114. SIAM, Philadelphia, 2011.
T. Kolda and B. W. Bader. The TOPHITS model for higher-order web link
analysis. In Proceedings of the SIAM Data Mining Conference Workshop on Link
Analysis, Counterterrorism and Security, 2006.
T. G. Kolda, B. W. Bader, and J. P. Kenny. Higher-order web link analysis using
multilinear algebra. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on
Data Mining (ICDM 2005), pages 242–249, 2005
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データマイニングでの利用
• 伝統的な方法で表現できないNetworked systems
はデータマイニングの視点からも研究されている
• E.g.
情報ネットワークはmultiple networkを考慮する一般的なフレームワーク
ネットワークダイナミクス
“organizational theory”
• organizations, people, resources, and other types of entities
11
multiple networksの流行
• ここ2年で突然multiple networksが流行
• Multilayer networksの論文の流行は,用語の爆発を生んだ
コンセンサスの欠落は問題
• Multiplex networkにおける多くの概念を定める事も重要
Degree, transitivity, centrality, diffusion
12
本論文
• Multilayer networkを定義
ほとんどのmulti networksから成るcomplex systemを表現可能
• 既存の研究からmultilayer networkを表すのに自然なマッピングを発見
• 既存の概念を制約に従って分類(table 1)
13
ネットワークの一面性
• 2面性(Multiplexity)を持つネットワーク
E.g. multiplex and temporal
より多くの面をはっきりと列挙することで現実を再現
• ネットワークの一面にのみ関心を持った点には注意をするべき
一つの面による多層ネットワークはマルチプレックス性の固有の「新しい物理学」をすでに与えます
15
本論文の着眼
• 主に着目
edge-colored multigraph
ネットワークのシーケンス
• Some attention
interdependent networks
networks of networks.
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本論文の構成
• Section 2
a general formulation for multilayer networks
• Section 3
既存のデータセットの紹介
研究に有用な他のタイプのデータを検討
• Section 4
Multilayer networkの性質やダイナミクスを分析するためのmodel, methods, diagnosticsの紹介
17
2 Multilayer Networks
• the most general notion of a multilayer network
structure
by defining various constraints for that structure
• reduce the rank of a tensor
By constraining the space
“flattening” the tensor.
• 計算するために,matricesよりtensorsの方が便利
18
Section 2の構成
• 多数のmultilayer-networkの構造を検討
Multiplex networks
Networks of networks
etc…
• 最後に以下のネットワークの関係性を述べる
multilayer networks
Hypergraphs
temporal networks
certain other types of networks.
19
Interconnected systems
• cascading failuersで研究が進んでいる
increasing connectivity has the potential to increase
large-scale events.
monoplex networkとは異なる方法でrandom failuerを減らす
20