Europe’s Expanding Power

Industrial Revolution, Imperialism, and War

Industrial Revolution (1733)

Came out of the ideas of the Scientific Revolution

Started in England around 1733 with the 1st cotton mill.

Factories began to be built along rivers. Why?

England wanted to keep this industrialization a secret and did not allow anyone to leave the country if they worked in a factory.

Americans offered a significant award to anyone who could build a cotton-spinning machine in the United States

Samuel Slater disguised himself, came to America, and reconstructed a cotton-spinning machine in his memory. He even built a factory of his own in the U.S. This symbolized that the Industrial Revolution had arrived in the U.S.

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

With the rise of factories, more goods were available for sale. Steady economy began to develop.

People began to move from the countryside to the city for work.

Brought severe consequences to society

Consequences of Industrial Rev.

Factory owners used children and women to operate the machines as these people were often cheap and unskilled.

By age 6, many children were working 14 hour days and had no free time to do anything else. They earned low wages.

Some kids got sick and died by breathing in toxic fumes while others were severely injured and sometimes killed working at the dangerous machines in factories.

Eli Whitney & The Cotton Gin

Machine played a major role in the Industrial Revolution in the United States.

Was a machine that was designed to separate seeds out of cotton.

Allowed increase production of cotton as slaves were now able to use this machine instead of picking out seeds by hand.

The cotton gin revitalized slavery and it helped out the economy of the southern United States as this region was suffering from major economic problems.

Imperialism

This occurs when larger, stronger nations sought out to control smaller, weaker countries politically and economically.

Many European nations adopted imperialism as their foreign policy as they needed raw materials and new markets for their products.

European nations took over land overseas as well and never considered how these people would be affected by their policies. European nations would set up their policies based on what they are used to in their own lands. (ex: Great Britain taking over South Africa).

Homework Assignment

In your own words, describe how imperialism and the Industrial Revolution changed Europe.

Make sure your answer is full of details and is written in your interactive notebook.

World War I (1914-1918)

Look at BB page 274 as a reference for the characteristics of this war.

Video: World War I: The War in Europe

Causes of World War I

England vs. France issues: Fighting over Morocco

European nations were in competition to gain control of distant lands and establish colonies all over the world.

Unfair treatment of people (people in Poland)

Russia vs. Serbia: War over control

Causes of World War I

Buried in hundreds of years of European history.

Germany vs. France issues Nationalism to the extreme: People of

individual countries thought that their countries interests and issues were ahead of world issues and world peace.

Russia vs. Austria issues

Causes of World War I

Armies of major European nations were beefed up to protect international trade and control of distant lands. Nations also feared an attack on their homelands.

Military Alliances formed. This is when nations would support each other in case of an attack. These alliances would later group together into the two sides that will fight in the war.

Military Alliances

Triple Entente (Allies)

Great Britain

France

Russia

Italy (later on would join)

Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Empire

Italy (would later leave)

How World War I WENT DOWN!

On June 28, 1914, Arch Duke Ferdinand and his family were murdered in Sarajevo, Bosnia by a group of Serbians that wanted all Serbians to be united as one.

Austria-Hungary declared war vs. Serbia as a result

Due to the military alliances already established, other countries were dragged in and began establishing war vs. other countries from the opposite sides (Germany vs. Russia for example).

World War I – HOW IT WENT DOWN!

65 million people fought in the war. Between 9-10 million people died in conflict while 20 million people died from hunger and disease. Devastating time period in European history

Spring of 1917: United States enteredwanted to originally stay neutralhad stronger ties with Allied nations.wanted Allied powers to win so these countries could repay the large debts owed to the U.S.wanted to prevent Germany from affecting U.S. shipping.

World War I Outcomes

War cost Europe approximately $330 billion and caused major physical destruction

There was a peace treaty signed (Treaty of Versailles) but it blames and punishes Germany for the war, causing German bitterness.

This resentment would lead to……what do you think?

Homework Assignment

Create a circle map about World War I. Be sure to include how the causes of World War I contributed to the conflict to break out.

Be sure to also include what led the United States to join the conflict.

World War II (1939-1945)

There were many causes that led to the start of this conflict, many of which stemmed over from the outcome of World War I.

Germany was still upset about the financial and territorial losses from the Treaty of Versailles.

Italy was not happy because they thought that they didn’t receive enough land to offset the cost of the war. They also were power hungry and wanted more land.

Japan was upset about its failure to gain control of China

Causes of World War II

France and Great Britain frequently disagreed on policies and were unsure of keeping the peace between them.

The U.S was not too pleased with European nations not repaying their war debts and began to separate itself from the rest of the world. This is known as isolationism.

League of Nations – was a forum where nations could settle their disputes. It wouldn’t work and many countries pledged to resolve their disputes by “pacific means”, meaning by war.

The Rise of Fascism and the Formation of the Axis Coalition Nationalistic, militaristic, and totalitarianism

style of government formed in Germany. This type of government was military based and feared and the government had all of the power. People had very little, if any, say in government matters.

This style of government would later earn the title of Fascism as it spread to Italy in 1922 under Benito Mussolini.

Adolf Hitler, the leader of the German National Socialist (Nazi) party, added racism to his form of fascism.

World War II in a Nutshell

Axis vs. Allies Powers Axis: Germany, Italy and Japan Allies: The United Kingdom, France,

Soviet Union, United States The German strategy of blitzkrieg to

overwhelm their enemies. This is when Germany used fast-moving tanks and airplanes followed by ground troops.

World War II in a Nutshell

Nazi labor and death camps were used to carry out the Holocaust.

The Holocaust was a mass murder of the Jewish and other populations.

Holocaust deaths: 6 million Total deaths: Between 35-60 million This war cost a total of over $1 trillion. The US and the Soviet Union came out as

world superpowers and would later compete against each other in the Cold War.

Adolf Hitler

Hitler, fueled by the outcomes from the Treaty of Versailles, promised German people that he would reverse this treaty and that they would acquire more land. He used the idea that German people were entitled to more land as they were the “superior race”.

Germany was still a democracy even though Hitler was coming up with these crazy ideas but things will begin to change.

In the early 1930’s, the world-wide Great Depression hit Germany and people chose the Nazis and Communists to lead them out of this mess.

In 1933, Hitler was able to slide himself up as dictator of Germany and would begin promising making changes, including the plan to reverse the Treaty of Versailles.