• 11/21 Focus: – In the 1800’s, industrialized powers greatly

expanded their empires. – Great Britain took control of India, and

European nations occupied much of Africa

• Important Terms: –

• Do Now:– Identify two nationalist groups that

developed in India as a result of British imperialism

Imperialism Test Review

Topics to know for the Test

• Motives for the New Imperialism • Forms of Imperialism • Imperialism in Africa • Imperialism in Muslim Lands• Imperialism in India

Motives for New

Imperialism

Need for raw

materials

Economic

Nationalism

Military

Social

Cheap Labor

New Markets

White Man’s

Burden

Social Darwinism

Bases to protect

investments

Increased nations power

Forms of Imperialis

m

Colonies

Protectorate

Sphere of Influence

A country or a territory governed

internally by a foreign power

A country or a territory with its own

internal gov’t but under the control of

an outside power

An area in which an outside power claims exclusive

trading privileges

Imperial Management Methods

Indirect Control• Local government

officials used• Limited self-rule• Government

institutions are based on European styles but may have some local rules

Direct Control• Foreign officials

brought in to rule• No self-rule• Government

institutions are based only on European styles

Africa Before Imperialism • Geographic barriers

had limited European colonization of Africa– Inland travel was

difficult • Sahara Desert• Highlands,• steep cliffs• Europeans could not

navigate rivers – Many waterfalls and

rapids

– Presence of diseases such as Malaria

Tools of European Imperialis

m

Steamships

Drug that was developed to protect

against MalariaQuinine

Superior Military

technology

Improved Communicati

ons

Allowed Europeans to travel up rivers

Small European forces could defeat

much larger numbers of Africans

Maintain close contact between

colony and controlling nation

Berlin Conferen

ce

Divides Africa

between

European

Powers

Ignores tradition

al African ethnic

boundaries

African nations

eventually gain

independence in 2nd

half of 20th century

Conflicts and Civil

Wars

British Interests in Africa• Suez Canal – Egypt built a canal

connecting the Mediterranean with the Red Sea• Reduced time to

travel from Europe to the Indian Ocean

– Egyptian government was unstable• Britain made Egypt a

protectorate to protect their interests in the canal

Imperialism in Muslim Lands

• Ottoman Empire was an Empire in decline but controlled important geopolitical locations

• Russia frequently had conflicts with the Ottoman Empire because they wanted warm water ports on the Black Sea

“The Great Game”

• Conflicts between Russia and Britain over land in central Asia

European Interest in Muslim Lands

• Discovery of oil in Persia and and the Arabian peninsula increased European interest in the Middle East

Positives of British Rule

Negatives of British Rule

• New roads and Railroads link India

• Telegraph and Postal systems unite people in India

• Irrigation systems improve farming

• New laws mean justice for all people

• Exposure to western education

• Customs that threatened Human rights ended

• Indian resources are removed from India and sent to Britain

• Indians forced to buy British made goods instead of local made products

• Farms grow cash crops rather than food crops

• Indians are treated as inferior

• British try to replace Indian culture with western culture

Rise of Nationalism in India

Indians felt they were treated as

2nd class citizens

Barred from top jobs in Indian Civil

Service

Paid less than British workers

Wanted more of a say in

government