Imperialism

Define Imperialism List reasons for Imperialism

1823, Monroe Doctrine

“Our policy in regard to Europe… is not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers… But in regard to those continents (of the Western Hemisphere), circumstances are eminently and conspicuously different. It is impossible that the allied (European) powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness.”

More Land!!! Imperialism

Policy of Social Darwinism: stronger nations extend their economic, political or military control over weaker

3 Factors: 1. desire for military strength 2. New markets 3. belief in Cultural superiority

Factors at work

By 1890 3rd largest naval power in world 9 new steel hull cruisers and 2

battleships Technology (over production and

need for resources) = need new markets Could be answer for unemployment?

Our Anglo-Saxon racial superiority!!! Must spread “civilized” ideas.

Factors that push towards imperialism

Commerce/trade – investment US investments 1869-1908

US Foreign Trade: 1870-1914

Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper

1. List the factors of American imperialism?

2. Which country did the US defeat for the rights to Cuba?

3. What document could have the United States use to justify the war in Cuba?

Study the cartoon. What is the author trying to say?

The Spanish-American War

April - August, 1898

We touch it, it’s ours!

1889 Annex Hawaii (1959 becomes state # 50)

“A splendid little war” Secretary of State John Hay about the Spanish-American War April – August 1898 Cubans revolt against ___________?

▪ Spain

The war of the United States with Spain was very brief.Its results were many, startling, and of world-wide meaning.--Henry Cabot Lodge

De Lôme LetterDe Lôme Letter

Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishAmbassador to the U.S.

Criticized PresidentMcKinley as weak and abidder for the admirationof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be politicianwho tries to leave a dooropen behind himself whilekeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hisparty.

1895

Cuba began a revolt against _________. Spain

Cuban guerillas fought daily, then blended away . . .(?)

1896

Spain segregated the fighters from the citizens, killing 321,934 people(?)

Condemned by American journalists Yellow Journalism

Philippines began revolt

Gen. Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau

Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” PolicyValeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy

1897 Fighting intensified across Cuba(?)

1898

US fears Spanish riots in Cuba

Jan - USS Maine sent to Havana

Feb - USS Maine exploded in port 266 dead(?)

Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!

1898 (cont.)

Navy determines the Maine hit a Spanish mine Likely exploded

due to internal explosion!

US declared war in April

War ended in August

Results (Treaty of Paris) Dec. 1898

US took control of Cuba Guam & the Philippines (?)

▪ Spanish-held territories Roosevelt became well-known

(Rough Riders) Newspapers became more influential

(?) They fueled public sentiment against

Spain

The American Anti-Imperialist LeagueThe American Anti-Imperialist League

Founded in 1899.

Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, WilliamJames, and WilliamJennings Bryan amongthe leaders.

Campaigned against the annexation of thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.

Arguments against Imperialism

Tradition – “isolationism” unilateralism

Own colonial experiences – violated self determination

Expense and use of resources Racism Labor fears End of Reform – focus on own

needs/problems

Results

US took control of Cuba Guam & the Philippines (why?)

▪ Spanish-held territories Roosevelt became well-known Newspapers became more influential

(?) They fueled public sentiment against

Spain Yellow Journalism

Great Power Status – Jingoism

Teller vs. Platt Amendment In April 1898 Senator Henry M. Teller (Colorado) "hereby

disclaims any disposition of intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island except for pacification thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control of the island to its people."

The Senate passed the amendment on April 19. True to the letter of the Teller Amendment, after Spanish troops left the island in 1898, the United States occupied Cuba until 1902.

Platt Amendment introduced by Senator Orville Platt (R-Connecticut) in February 1901. "the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban

independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty..." The Platt Amendment was finally abrogated on May 29, 1934.

Berlin Conference *1884

Open Door notes: China Imperialist powers agree to share China

▪ 3 keys ▪ 1. belief of US economy growth depend on exports▪ 2. US had right to intervene abroad to keep foreign

markets open▪ 3. fear if closed to American products, citizens, or ideas

threatened US survival.

Panama Canal (1904-1914) Roosevelt Corollary “Speak softly and

carry a big stick”, US would use force in Latin America to protect its’ interests!

Dollar Diplomacy: Wilson – give loans take over countries!

Boxer Rebellion (1900) peasants in northern China, secret society known as I-ho ch'üan ("Righteous

and Harmonious Fists"), called the "Boxers" by Western pressthey believed would make them impervious to bullets.

wanted to destroy the Ch'ing dynasty (which had ruled China for over 250 years) and wanted to rid China of all foreign influence

Empress Dowager backed the Boxers, the Boxers turned solely to ridding China of foreigners.

By late 1899, bands of Boxers were massacring Christian missionaries and Chinese Christians.

May 1900, the Boxer Rebellion had come out of the countryside and was being waged in the capital of Peking (now Beijing).

international force of 2,100 American, British, Russian, French, Italian, and Japanese soldiers were sent to subdue the "rebellion."

On June 18, 1900, the Empress Dowager ordered all foreigners to be killed. Several foreign ministers and their families were killed before the international force could protect them.

On August 14, 1900, the international force took Peking and subdued the rebellion.

The Boxer Rebellion weakened the Ch'ing dynasty's power and hastened the Republican Revolution of 1911 that overthrew the boy emperor and made China a republic.