The Age of Imperialism Chapter 11 1850-1914. Introduction What is Imperialism?
American Imperialism, 1898- 1914. What is Imperialism?
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Transcript of American Imperialism, 1898- 1914. What is Imperialism?
American Imperialism, 1898-American Imperialism, 1898-19141914
What is Imperialism?What is Imperialism?
Causes of the Spanish-American Causes of the Spanish-American WarWar
Decreased isolationism in U.S. public and Congress
Cuban Revolution (1895-1898):– U.S. investments threatened– Spanish authorities commit atrocities against Cuban
civiliansYellow journalism
– Highlighted Spanish atrocities and lack of humanitarianism
USS Maine Explosion - February 1898:– U.S. public angered - blame placed on Spain
“Free Cuba!”“Remember the Maine!”
President William McKinley– Congress declares war on Spain -- April 1898
Fighting the WarFighting the War
Geography– Spanish Empire - Cuba, Puerto Rico,
Philippines, Guam– U.S. strategic interests
Panama Canal, Hawaii
CommodoreCommodoreGeorgeGeorgeDeweyDewey
CommanderCommanderU.S. Asiatic U.S. Asiatic SquadronSquadron
Spanish-American Spanish-American WarWar
Battle of Santiago (Cuba)Battle of Santiago (Cuba)Amphibious landingRough Riders’ Teddy Roosevelt
– Leads charge at the Battle of San Juan HillSpanish governor orders fleet to flee harbor -
1 July 1898
Battle of SantiagoBattle of Santiago 3 July 18983 July 1898
Battle of SantiagoBattle of Santiago
On 3 July 1898, Spanish make their run Inferior Spanish fleet annihilated by superior,
better managed U.S. fleet– Spanish losses 160 killed, 1800 captured– American losses 1 killed, 1 wounded
Peace treaty signed 10 Dec 1898 Spanish home fleet recalled while en route to the
Philippines fearing North Atlantic Fleet
Results and lessonsResults and lessons
Spanish home fleet recalled while en route to the Philippines
U.S. technological superiority overwhelms Spanish
U.S. becomes dominant power in the Caribbean Sea
Improvement needed in fire control and amphibious doctrine
U.S. EmpireFrom Spain: Possession of Puerto Rico,
Guam, Philippines. Naval base in CubaFormerly independent: Wake, Hawaii,
Samoa U.S. in undisputed control of the
Caribbean
American Pacific TerritoriesAmerican Pacific TerritoriesCoaling Stations for ShipsCoaling Stations for Ships
Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary
Constant interventions by Navy and Marines:– Haiti, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic– Cuba - Platt Amendment– Vera Cruz, Mexico
“Yankee Imperialism” despised by many Latin Americans
Panama CanalPanama Canal Renewed U.S. desire for canal in Central America
– Link between Atlantic and Pacific FleetsNeed for the canal is highlighted by USS Oregon’s long transit to
the Battle of Santiago
Strong support from President Theodore Roosevelt Construction of the canal begins in 1904
– Completed in 1914
Increased importance of U.S. control of Caribbean Sea– Protection of Panama Canal is vital to defense of the U.S.
U.S. “Open Door” policy in China:– Policy has two aspects
(1) Ensure territorial integrity of China
(2) Ensure free trade in China for all countries.– China’s Boxer Rebellion - 1900
U.S. Marine Regiment attached to U.S. Army force protecting Westerners
– Counter European and Japanese attempts at “spheres of influence”
Yangtze River Patrol - U.S. gunboats protect American commerce
The Rise of Japanese Sea The Rise of Japanese Sea PowerPower
PresidentPresidentTheodore Theodore RooseveltRoosevelt
andand
Rear AdmiralRear AdmiralRobley D. “Fighting Robley D. “Fighting
Bob” Bob” EvansEvans
Prior to the sailing Prior to the sailing of the Great White of the Great White
Fleet - 1907Fleet - 1907
The Great White The Great White FleetFleet
Route of the Great White Fleet: (1907-08)Route of the Great White Fleet: (1907-08)
HMS HMS DreadnoughtDreadnought
First all “big gun” BattleshipFirst all “big gun” Battleship- Eight 12-inch guns- Eight 12-inch guns
HMSHMS Dreadnought Dreadnought
Dawn of AviationDawn of Aviation
Wright Brothers -- Kitty Hawk, North Carolina: 1903
Eugene Ely– First flight of an aircraft from a ship in
1910– First landing of an aircraft on a ship in
1911