Chapter 9 Section 3Industrialization SpreadsObjective: Trace the spread of industrialization through Europe & the United States.

Vocabulary: Stock & Corporation

Setting the Stage• Great Britain’s favorable

geography & its financial systems, political stability, & natural resources sparked industrialization

• Eventually, the Industrial Revolution that began in Britain spread to both the United States & to continental Europe

• Countries that had similar conditions to Britain prospered during industrialization

Industrial Development in the United States• America had fast-

flowing rivers, rich deposits of coal & iron, & a supply of laborers made up of farms workers & immigrants

• During the War of 1812, Britain, blocked the United States from trading international

• The United States had to develop independent industries to produce products they could no longer import

Industrialization in the United States• Samuel Slater emigrated to

the United States built a spinning machine from memory

• Moses Brown opened the first factory in the United States however it only made one part of the finished product

• Textiles led the way in industrialization in the United States

• Factories popped up in Waltham, Lowell, & Lawrence, Massachusetts

Later Expansion of U.S. Industry• During the late 1800s, the

United States experienced a technological boom

• Along with their natural resources, a burst of inventions (electric light bulb & telephone) boosted the Industrial Revolution

• Chicago & Minneapolis expanded during the 1800s because of the expansion of railroad lines

• Businesses of all kinds began to merge together to form larger companies

The Rise of Corporations• Larger businesses required a

great deal of money• Entrepreneurs sold shares of

stock (certain right of ownership)

• People who bought stocks were part owners of those companies

• A corporation is a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debt

• Giant corporations made big profits by reducing the cost of producing goods

Continental Europe Industrializes•French Revolution &

Napoleonic wars between 1789 – 1815 halted trade, interrupted communication, & caused inflation in some parts of the continent

•European countries watched the gap widen between themselves & Britain

•However, industrialization eventually reached continental Europe

Beginnings in Belgium• Belgium led Europe in

adopting Britain’s new technology

• William Cockerill illegally made his way to Belgium in 1799, carrying secret plans for building spinning machines

• His son, John, built an enormous industrial enterprise

• Belgium produced a variety of mechanical equipment

Germany Industrializes• Economic isolation &

scattered resources hampered countryside industrialization in Germany

• Germany began to copy the British model & sent their children to England to learn industrial management

• Germany built railroads that linked its growing manufacturing cities

• Germany’s economic strength spurred its ability to develop as a military power

Expansion Elsewhere in Europe• In the rest of Europe,

industrialization during the early 1800s proceeded by region rather than by country

• In France, industrialization was controlled & as a result they didn’t have the social/economic problems caused by industrialization

• For a variety of other reasons, many European countries did not industrialize

The Impact of Industrialization•The Industrial Revolution

shifted the world balance of power

•Industrialization widened the wealth gap between industrialized & non-industrialized countries

•Industrialized countries viewed poor countries as markets for their manufactured products

Transformation of Society• Between 1700 & 1900,

revolutions in agriculture, production, transportation, & communication changed the lives of people around the world

• Industrialization revolutionized every aspect of society from daily life to life expectancy

• Despite the hardships early urban workers suffered, population, health, & wealth eventually rose dramatically in all industrialized countries