Industrialization SpreadsIndustrialization SpreadsSection 3Section 3

• Britain-Britain-Favorable location, geography, Favorable location, geography, financial systems, political stability, financial systems, political stability, natural resourcesnatural resources

• Spreads to other countries-USASpreads to other countries-USA• USA-Water, land, people, USA-Water, land, people,

resources-coal, iron oreresources-coal, iron ore- - also also Blockade- War of 1812-became self-Blockade- War of 1812-became self-sufficientsufficient

• Britain- Forbid engineers, toolmakers, Britain- Forbid engineers, toolmakers, mechanics to emmigratemechanics to emmigrate

IndustrializationIndustrialization United States United States

• Samuel SlaterSamuel Slater

• 1789-Built spinning machine-thread1789-Built spinning machine-thread

• Moses Brown- 1Moses Brown- 1ststFactory-PawtucketFactory-Pawtucket

Rhode IslandRhode Island

Lowell MassachusettsLowell Massachusetts

• Factory TownFactory Town--• womenwomen lived away lived away

from home, the from home, the factories built factories built dormitoriesdormitories and and factory-towns for the factory-towns for the women. These women. These factories also had factories also had all all parts of production parts of production included in one included in one building. building. This is called This is called the “the “Lowell SystemLowell System.” .”

Industrialization- U.S.Industrialization- U.S.

• Mostly in Mostly in New EnglandNew England-but after the -but after the Civil War (1861-1865) spreads to Civil War (1861-1865) spreads to rest of countryrest of country

• Growth- resources, swelling urban Growth- resources, swelling urban population (population (immigrationimmigration), new ), new technologies-light bulb, telephonetechnologies-light bulb, telephone

• Growth of Growth of RailroadsRailroads (transportation- (transportation- Chicago, Minneapolis, St. Louis)Chicago, Minneapolis, St. Louis)

Big BusinessBig Business

• Need for large amounts of $- Need for large amounts of $- railroads, steel, oilrailroads, steel, oil

• Start of the Start of the Corporation-Corporation-owned by owned by stockholders share profits but not stockholders share profits but not responsible for its debts.responsible for its debts.

• JD Rockefeller-Standard Oil, Andrew JD Rockefeller-Standard Oil, Andrew Carnegie- Carnegie SteelCarnegie- Carnegie Steel

Industrialization-EuropeIndustrialization-Europe

• Between 1789-1815 Between 1789-1815 NapoleonicNapoleonic WarsWars interrupted industrialization in interrupted industrialization in EuropeEurope

• Belgium-Belgium- William Cockerill & son William Cockerill & son• GermanyGermany-railroads and steel -railroads and steel

industries-quickly develops-copied industries-quickly develops-copied BritishBritish

• Some countries limited by lack of Some countries limited by lack of resources and natural barriers, resources and natural barriers, social problemssocial problems

Worldwide impactWorldwide impact

• Rise of Rise of Global InequalityGlobal Inequality-Industrialized -Industrialized vs. non-industrializedvs. non-industrialized

• Industrialized countries see non-Industrialized countries see non-industrialized countries as a source of raw industrialized countries as a source of raw materials and market for products- materials and market for products- ImperialismImperialism-extending power over -extending power over another countryanother country

• Transformation of society-Transformation of society- increase in increase in population, urbanization, life population, urbanization, life expectancy, wealth- not all equally expectancy, wealth- not all equally sharedshared

Share in World Manufacturing

Output: 1750-1900

Share in World Manufacturing

Output: 1750-1900

Adam SmithAdam Smith• ““Laissez faireLaissez faire”-””-”let do”-let do”-Government should stayGovernment should stayout of the economyout of the economyAdam SmithAdam Smith --Wealth of Wealth of

NationsNations- economic - economic liberty= economic liberty= economic progress, “Invisible hand progress, “Invisible hand of self-interest”of self-interest”

CapitalismCapitalism--economiceconomic system private system private ownership and profit ownership and profit motivemotive

The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists

× People as a society would operate and own People as a society would operate and own thethemeans of production, not individuals.means of production, not individuals.

× Their goal was a society that benefited Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.

× Tried to build perfect communities [Tried to build perfect communities [utopiasutopias].].

Karl MarxKarl Marx

• In a higher phase of In a higher phase of communistcommunist society... only then can the narrow society... only then can the narrow horizon of bourgeois right be fully left horizon of bourgeois right be fully left behind and society inscribe on its behind and society inscribe on its banners: banners: from each according to his from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs. ability, to each according to his needs.

• ReligionReligion is the sigh of the is the sigh of the oppressedoppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the the opiumopium of the people. of the people.

CommunismCommunism

• The theory of The theory of CommunismCommunism may may be summed up in one sentence: be summed up in one sentence: Abolish all private propertyAbolish all private property. .

• The worker of the world has The worker of the world has nothing to lose, but their nothing to lose, but their chainschains, , workers of the world workers of the world uniteunite. .

Labor UnionsLabor Unions

• Collective Bargaining-Collective Bargaining- negotiation negotiation between workers and their between workers and their employersemployers

• Reform Laws- Reform Laws- Child labor/womenChild labor/women

• Abolitionism/Women’s Rights, Abolitionism/Women’s Rights, EducationEducation

Other Reform MovementsOther Reform Movements

• Abolition of SlaveryAbolition of Slavery

• England- 1833-Moral & Economic England- 1833-Moral & Economic threatthreat

• Women’s Rights-Women’s Rights- Jane Addams- Jane Addams- Hull House, Suffrage MovementHull House, Suffrage Movement

• EducationEducation- Free public- Horace - Free public- Horace MannMann