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Emerging Opportunities: Nano-Photonics & Information Technology

Connie Chang-Hasnain

EECS

University of California, Berkeley

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 2

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 3

Source: Tingye Li and Herwig Kogelnik

Bit

Rat

e -D

ista

nce

( G

b/s

k

m)

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

1

101

102

103

104

105

106

107 WHAT’S NEXT ?? WDM + Optical Amplifiers Optical Amplifiers Coherent Detection 1.5m Single-Frequency Laser 1.3m SM Fiber 0.8m MM Fiber

Advances in Optical Communications

Coax, 274 Mb/s at 1km repeater spacing

107 Increase in Bit rate-Distance Product in 25 years

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 4

Opportunities in Optoelectronics Active Devices Faster, Better, Smaller, New Functions

Examples: lasers, detectors, modulators, amplifiers, freq. mixer New functions: wavelength tuning, beam steering, UV and FIR

Passive Devices Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: Wavelength multiplexers, resonators, filters, couplers New functions: thin film non-reciprocal devices

Leverage the Coherence Property All-optical buffer and random access memory (RAM) Optical signal processing

Integration! Monolithic Heterogeneous

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 5

Opportunities in Optoelectronics Active Devices Faster, Better, Smaller, New Functions

Examples: lasers, detectors, modulators, amplifiers, freq. mixer New functions: wavelength tuning, beam steering, UV and FIR

Passive Devices Better, Smaller, New Functions Examples: Wavelength multiplexers, resonators, filters, couplers New functions: thin film non-reciprocal devices

Leverage the Coherence Property All-optical buffer and random access memory (RAM) Optical signal processing

Integration! Monolithic Heterogeneous

Nanoscale Material Synthesis

Nanoscale Processing

Integrated Optoelectronics

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 6

Tailorable Active Materials

Greatly Enhanced or Suppressed Optical Gain Spontaneous Emission Optical Nonlinearities

Den

sity

of S

tate

s

Energy (h)

Bulk Quantum Well Quantum Wire Quantum Dot

Yang, Berkeley

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 7

Active Material Synthesis

Major Challenges Uniformity Control Size Control Placement Control Defect Reduction

Chang-Hasnain, Berkeley

Weber, BerkeleyDapkus, USC

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 8

Compact Integrated Optics: Photonic Crystals

• Making Passive Optics 1000 Times Smaller

Zuzuki, Berkeley

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 9

Slow Light and Frozen Light Slow light demonstrated in atomic vapor at low temperature,

1999 We proposed all-optical buffers in ‘00. DARPA funded program in 2002 New BAA on Intelligent Optical

Network coming out in March.

Multiplestacked QD

Signal slow down

pump

P. C. Ku, et.al. Electron. Lett. 2002

Chang-Hasnain, Berkeley

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 10

Bio-Photonics DARPA Centers

U of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Berkeley, Colorado State, Columbia,

Cornell, Harvard

Chang-Hasnain, UCB 11

Integration

Monolithic Princeton University

“If you can draw it, we can build it.” Vertical coupling of light via lateral tapers. Single growth step.

Heterogeneous UC Berkeley Paste-and-Cut Approach

Ion Cut Laser Lift-off

200 m

InGaN LEDs on Si

Cheung and Sands, Berkeley