Cell Structure & Function Part 1

ObjectivesDescribe the function of the cell

membrane

Describe the function of the major cell organelles

Cell MembraneCell Membrane• All cells have a cell membraneAll cells have a cell membrane

Regulates what comes in & out of the Regulates what comes in & out of the cell (selectively permeable)cell (selectively permeable)

Provides structure and supportProvides structure and support

Made of a lipid bilayer which provides Made of a lipid bilayer which provides a strong flexible barriera strong flexible barrier

The phospholipid bilayer The phospholipid bilayer has has carbohydratescarbohydrates AND AND proteinsproteins embedded within! embedded within!

Membrane ProteinsSome proteins are attached to the

surfaces of the cell membranePeripheral proteins are located on both

the interior surface and exterior surface of the cell membrane

Integral proteins are imbedded in the bilayer

Fluid Mosaic Model.mov

Eukaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell structurestructure

Made up of organelles or “little Made up of organelles or “little organs”organs”

Divided into 2 parts: nucleus & Divided into 2 parts: nucleus & cytoplasmcytoplasm

Between the cell membrane and the Between the cell membrane and the nucleus lies the cytoplasm (contains nucleus lies the cytoplasm (contains the organelles)the organelles)

The organelles are surrounded by a The organelles are surrounded by a liquid called cytosol liquid called cytosol

8

Converts food into compounds the cell usesConverts food into compounds the cell uses

The process of Cellular Respiration takes place in mitochondria (breaking down food to produce ATP)

Mitochondria are from the egg cell, so thank Mitochondria are from the egg cell, so thank your MOM!your MOM!

Mitochondria…Surrounded by two membranes

Smooth outer membraneInner membrane- has many

folds called cristae

RibosomesRibosomesAre made of RNA and proteinAre made of RNA and protein

Assemble proteinsAssemble proteins

Protein assembly instruction Protein assembly instruction comes from the nucleuscomes from the nucleus

Cells active in protein Cells active in protein synthesis have many ribosomessynthesis have many ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulumMakes and exports proteins and lipids Makes and exports proteins and lipids

It’s like an assembly line or highway of It’s like an assembly line or highway of the cellthe cell

Rough ER makes proteins, so its Rough ER makes proteins, so its covered in ribosomes! covered in ribosomes!

Smooth ER, involved in the synthesis of Smooth ER, involved in the synthesis of steroids in gland cells, regulation of steroids in gland cells, regulation of calcium in muscle cells, and breakdown calcium in muscle cells, and breakdown of toxins in liver cellsof toxins in liver cells

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus

LysosomesLysosomesClean up crew, remove junk!Clean up crew, remove junk!

Digest or break down lipids, Digest or break down lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and old carbohydrates, proteins and old organellesorganelles

Common in animal cells, rare in plant Common in animal cells, rare in plant cellscells

Filled with enzymesFilled with enzymes

ReviewDescribe the function of the cell

membraneRegulates what enters and leaves

the cell and provides support and protection

Describe the function of the major cell organellesMitochondria- convert the chemical

energy in food into compounds the cell can use (powerhouse of the cell)

Ribosomes- assemble proteins

Review…Endoplasmic reticulum- makes and

exports proteins and lipidsRough ER- makes proteins (covered

by ribosomes)Smooth ER- makes enzymes,

membrane lipids and detoxifies drugs

Golgi apparatus- modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell

Lysosomes- digest things