Skeletal and Muscular System

Skeletal System

Axial Skeleton – supports the central axis of the body› Skull› Clavicle› Ribs and Sternum› Vertebrae

Appendicular Skeleton› Arms› Legs

Skeletal System

Skull – protects the brain

Clavicle – hold the upper extremities of the hand

Ribs and Sternum – protects the heart and the lungs

Skeletal System

Vertebrae – protects the spinal cord

Skeletal System Arms

› Humerus upper arm

› Radius and Ulna lower arm

› Carpals wrist

› Metacarpals palm

› Phalanges fingers

Skeletal System Legs

› Femur thigh

› Tibia and Fibula Lower leg

› Tarsals ankle

› Metatarsals sole

› Phalanges toes

Skeletal System Bone Structure

› Periosteum covering of the bone Important for repair

› Compact Bone makes the bone tough

› Spongy Bone Provide spaces for bone marrow

› Bone Marrow Red marrow – production of blood

cells Yellow marrow – composed of fats

Muscular System

Muscles work in pairs (antagonistic)› Myofibrils› Filaments

Actin – thin fiber Myosin – thick fiber

Sliding Filament Theory

Muscular and Skeletal System

Allows movement Gives shape to the body Gives structure to the body

Muscular and Skeletal System

Osteoporosis› Osteoporosis

means “porous bones,” or that bones are losing their density, becoming thinner and more breakable.

Muscular and Skeletal System

Rheumatoid Arthritis› Rheumatoid arthritis

causes swelling, pain, stiffness, and redness in the joints.

› The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown to date, but allegedly triggered by a combination of factors, including genetic susceptibility, viral infection or hormonal changes.

Muscular and Skeletal System

Scoliosis› an abnormal

curvature of the spine.

› Can be a result of poor muscle control or muscle weakness, and traumatic spine injuries

Muscular and Skeletal System

Steroids› Testosterone is commonly

prescribed in the treatment of female breast cancer, and for stimulation of growth, weight gain, and red blood cell production.  These are commonly known as "anabolic steroids" because they promote muscle growth.  They are also commonly used to help patients recover from a surgery and cancer treatment that resulted in damage to muscle tissue.