Figure 7-1a The Axial Skeleton SKELETAL SYSTEM 206 APPENDICULAR SKELETON (see Figure 8–1) Cranium...

Figure 7-1a The Axial SkeletonSKELETAL SYSTEM 206

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

(see Figure 8–1)

Cranium

Hyoid

Sternum

Ribs

Vertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

Associatedbones

Skull

FaceSkull and

associatedbones

Thoraciccage

Vertebralcolumn

AXIAL SKELETON

Auditoryossicles

8

14

6

1

1

24

24

1

1

29

25

26

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An anterior view of the entire skeleton, with the axial components highlighted. The numbers in the boxes indicate the number of bones in the adult skeleton.

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Figure 7-1b The Axial Skeleton

Sternum

Costalcartilages

Skull

Ribs

Lumbarvertebrae

Coccyx

Sacrum

Anterior (left) and posterior (right) views of the axial skeleton.The individual bones associated with the skull are not visible.

Cervicalvertebrae

Thoracicvertebrae


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The Axial Skeleton

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Figure 8-1 The Appendicular Skeleton

ClaviclePectoral

girdle

Upperlimbs

Scapula

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpalbones

Metacarpalbones

Phalanges

Pelvicgirdle

Hip bone

SKELETAL SYSTEM

AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR SKELETON

(see Figure 7–1)

206

80 126

4

2

60

16

10

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2

2

2

2

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Figure 8-1 The Appendicular Skeleton (Part 2 of 2)

Lowerlimbs

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsal bones

Metatarsalbones

Phalanges

2

2

2

2

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Figure 7-2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull (Part 2 of 3).

Nasal bone

Lacrimal bone

VomerZygomatic

bone

Maxilla

Mandible

Facial bones protect and support theentrances to the digestive and respiratorytracts.

Cranial bones surround and protect the brain.

Ethmoid

Sphenoid

Frontalbone

Occipitalbone

Temporalbone

Parietal bone

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Figure 7-2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull (Part 3 of 3).

Auditory ossicles

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Figure 7-2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull

MAXILLA

ZYGOMATICBONE

NASALBONE

MANDIBLE

VOMER

LACRIMALBONE

ETHMOID

SPHENOID

FRONTALBONE

TEMPORALBONE

PARIETAL BONE

OCCIPITAL BONE

Cranial bones

Facial bones

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Figure 7-3d The Adult Skull.

Parietal bone

Anterior viewd

Sagittal suture

Coronal suture

Nasal bone

Ethmoid

Temporal bone

Palatine bone

Lacrimal bone

Zygomatic bone

Mastoid process oftemporal bone

Middle nasal concha(part of ethmoid)

Inferiornasal concha

Perpendicular plateof ethmoid

Vomer

Bony nasal septum

Mental protuberance

Foramen orFissure

Major StructuresUsing Passageway

Frontal Bone

Sphenoid

Supraorbitalforamen

Optic canal

Superior orbitalfissure

• Supraorbital nerve (branch of N V)

• Supraorbital artery

• Optic nerve (N II)

• Ophthalmic artery

• Oculomotor nerve (N III), trochlearnerve (N IV), opthalmic branch oftrigeminal nerve (N V), andabducens nerve (N VI)

• Maxillary branch of trigeminalnerve (N V)

Inferior orbitalfissure

Maxilla

Infraorbitalforamen

• Infraorbital nerve, branch ofmaxillary nerve (N V)

• Infraorbital artery

Mandible

Mental foramen • Mental nerve, branch ofmandibular nerve (N V)

• Mental vessels

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Figure 7-3e The Adult Skull.

Inferior viewe

Frontal bone

Maxilla

Palatine bone

Zygomatic bone

Zygomatic arch

Medial and lateralpterygoid processes

Vomer

Styloid process

Mandibular fossa

Occipital condyle

Mastoid process

Lambdoid suture

Occipital bone

External occipitalprotuberance

Sphenoid

Foramenlacerum (withtemporal andoccipital bones)

Foramenovale

Temporal Bone

Externalacoustic meatus

Carotid canal

Stylomastoidforamen

• Internal carotid artery after leavingcarotid canal

• Auditory tube

• Mandibular branch of trigeminalnerve (N V)

• Air in meatus conducts sound toeardrum

• Internal carotid artery

• Facial nerve (N V)

Occipital Bone

Foramenmagnum

Jugular foramen(with temporalbone)

• Medulla oblongata (most caudalportion of brain)

• Accessory nerve (XI)

• Vertebral arteries

• Glossopharyngeal, vagus, andaccessory nerves (N IX, X, XI)

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Figure 7-4 Sectional Anatomy of the Skull (Part 1 of 9).

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Figure 7-4 Sectional Anatomy of the Skull (Part 2 of 9).

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superior surface



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Figure 7-15a The Nasal Complex.

Frontal sinus

Ethmoidair cells

Sphenoidal sinus

Maxillary sinus

Locations of the paranasal sinuses.a

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Figure 7-16a The Skull of an Infant.

Coronalsuture

Frontalbone

Parietalbone

Greater wingof sphenoid

Nasalbone

Maxilla

Mandible Temporalbone

Squamoussuture

Occipitalbone

Lambdoidsuture

Lateral view

Sphenoidalfontanelle

Mastoidfontanelle

Fontanelles

a


Figure 7-16b The Skull of an Infant.

Coronal suture

Fontanelles

Anterior fontanelle Posterior fontanelle

Occipitalbone

Lambdoidsuture

Superior view

Parietalbone

Coronal suture

Parietalbone

b

Frontalbone

Frontalbone

Frontal suture Sagittal suture



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image from: http://cranialintelligence.com/2010/09/02/the-ribs-and-some-sutherland-biomechanics/Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

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p. 231Table 7-1 in 10th ed


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Figure 7-1a The Axial Skeleton SKELETAL SYSTEM 206 APPENDICULAR SKELETON (see Figure 8–1) Cranium...

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