Chapter 8: Terrorist Chapter 8: Terrorist SpilloversSpillovers
International TerrorismInternational TerrorismMartin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
The Spillover EffectThe Spillover Effect
The struggle “spills over” into the international The struggle “spills over” into the international domain.domain.
Domestic attacks against victims with an Domestic attacks against victims with an international profile.international profile.
Operations in a foreign country.Operations in a foreign country.
Unambiguous International ImplicationsUnambiguous International Implications
International consequences must be clear.International consequences must be clear. Case: Attacks on embassies.Case: Attacks on embassies. Case: Airline hijackings.Case: Airline hijackings.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Terrorist Environments and International Terrorist Environments and International TerrorismTerrorism
International state terrorism.International state terrorism. International dissident terrorism.International dissident terrorism. International religious terrorism.International religious terrorism. International left-wing terrorism.International left-wing terrorism. International right-wing terrorism.International right-wing terrorism. International criminal terrorism.International criminal terrorism.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Modern “isms” and International Modern “isms” and International Revolutionary SolidarityRevolutionary Solidarity
Cold War motivations for international Cold War motivations for international resistance.resistance.
Imperialism.Imperialism. Neocolonialism.Neocolonialism. Zionism.Zionism.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Perceived EfficiencyPerceived Efficiency
Potential for maximum publicity.Potential for maximum publicity. Potential for inflicting maximum psychological Potential for inflicting maximum psychological
anxiety.anxiety. Pragmatism.Pragmatism.
Adaptations of Revolutionary TheoryAdaptations of Revolutionary Theory
Fish swimming in the sea of the people.Fish swimming in the sea of the people. Enraging the beast.Enraging the beast. Liberating violence.Liberating violence.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Historical ReasonsHistorical Reasons
West was often a target during wars of national West was often a target during wars of national liberation.liberation.
Anti-colonial rebels became national leaders.Anti-colonial rebels became national leaders. Terrorism was a matter of pragmatic choice.Terrorism was a matter of pragmatic choice. Fusion of ideology and warfare.Fusion of ideology and warfare.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
Cold War Terrorist-Networking TheoryCold War Terrorist-Networking Theory
Western theory that Soviet proxies were the Western theory that Soviet proxies were the source of international terrorism.source of international terrorism.
Uncomplicated and simplistic scenario.Uncomplicated and simplistic scenario.
International Terrorist EnvironmentsInternational Terrorist Environments
Monolithic.Monolithic. Strong multipolar.Strong multipolar. Weak multipolar.Weak multipolar. Cell-based.Cell-based.
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
A “Stateless Revolution” by Religious RadicalsA “Stateless Revolution” by Religious Radicals
The Afghan Arabs at WarThe Afghan Arabs at War MujahideenMujahideen in Bosnia in Bosnia Al Qa’ida and International TerrorismAl Qa’ida and International Terrorism The Madrid Train BombingsThe Madrid Train Bombings The London Transportation System AttacksThe London Transportation System Attacks Terrorist Violence in IraqTerrorist Violence in Iraq
Martin, Understanding Terrorism Fifth Edition. (c) SAGE Publications 2016
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