Culture, emotion, and morality

CultureWhat is it? What are its functions?CooperationEmotion

Display rulesCultural dialects

Hofstede’s approachPower distanceIndividualism-collectivismMasculinity-femininityUncertainty avoidanceBond: Based on Chinese data, added

Confucian work dynamism (or Long-term orientation)

Minkov: ingulgent-restraint

What about levels in different countries? (www.geert-hofstede.com)

US China India France Chile Russia Ghana Saudia Arabia0

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Power distance Individualism MasculinityUncertainty avoidance Long term orientation Indulgence

Schwartz world value surveyAt individual level (10 values):

Openness to change vs conservationSelf-enhancements vs. self-transcendencehttp://

changingminds.org/explanations/values/schwartz_inventory.htm

Schwartz model

Other approachesSmith et al.

Loyalty to organization vs. utilitarianismConservation vs. egalitarianism

InglehartSelf-expression vs. survivalRational-legal vs. traditional authority

Tight vs. Loose cultures (Gelfand et al., 2011)How does this concept relate to the others?How do they propose that it develops? (Fig. 1)Is this a country-level variable? Gender?Why are certain countries high or low? (Table

1)What other effects might this have? What does this add to our understanding of

culture?

Supplementary materialshttp://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/sup

pl/2011/05/26/332.6033.1100.DC1/Gelfand.SOM.pdf

Cultural differences Self-conceptSelf-consistency (self-monitoring)What does it mean to be multi-cultural?Self-enhancementApproach/avoidanceHonor cultureRelationships

In vs out groupFriendship differences

Culture and cognitionCognition (Nisbett, Peng, Choi, &

Norenzayan, 2001)Analytic (field dependent) vs. holistic thinking

(field interdependent)Attention to backgroundCategorizationReasoning stylesAttribution

Moderators of cognitive differencesSituational salienceDiagnosticity of behavior

Why do these differences exist? (Miyamoto, 2013)

Distal/proximal interactionsPower’s effects on cognition Differences in power by culture and effects

on cognitionPersonal vs. social power

Cameron, Lindquist, & Gray, 2015Jack and DianeAffect vs. emotionMoral judgment vs. moral content

“whole number” theoriesCAD model (Rozin et al., 1999)

CommunityAutonomyDivinity

Moral foundations theory (Haidt, Graham)Care/harmFairness/cheatingLoyalty/betrayalAuthority/subversionPurity/degradation(maybe liberty/oppression)http://www.moralfoundations.org/

ConstructivismHow does it differ from whole number

approaches?From appraisal theory? Figure 1 Dyadic morality theory (Gray)

EvidenceWhat evidence do they provide for their point

of view?

What are the implications of describing moral judgements with MFT vs. DMT?

Next week Social cognition 2 book chaptersSystem justification (CD-PS)Priming of money (JEP)How desserts are like losses (SC paper

award; JEP)