UNIT 10: ANCIENT GREECE
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Transcript of UNIT 10: ANCIENT GREECE
UNIT 10: ANCIENT GREECE
The Greeks: Crucible of civilisation. First of aseries of 5 narrated by Liam Neeson (9:30)
IN THIS UNIT, YOU WILL… Learn about the history of Greek civilisation Learn about the main social, economic and cultural characteristics of Ancient Greece Identify the main features of Greek art Learn about the Greek contribution to western civilisation Discuss the origin of democracy
Greek civilisation appeared in the Balkan Peninsula, on islands in the Mediterranean and in Asia Minor, now Turkey. Its ancient name was Hellas, and its
people were called Hellenes.
ANCIENT GREECE WAS INFLUENCED BY ITS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Valleys were separated by
mountain chains
There were many islands far from the continent
Independent states emerged in each valley and on each
island
SUMMARIZING, CLIMATE, SEA, VALLEYS AND ISLANDS INFLUENCED ANCIENT GREECE DEVELOPMENT
THE GREEKS WERE MARITIME PEOPLE AND TRADED WITH OTHER PEOPLE ACROSS THE
MEDITERRANEAN
THE CLIMATE WAS DRY. PEOPLE LIVED FROM AGRICULTURE,
ANIMAL GRAZING AND FISHING
ANCIENT GREECE TIMELINE
THERE WERE SEVERAL
IMPORTANT PRE-HELLENIC CIVILISATIONS
THE GREEK CITY STATES WERE STABLISHED.
GREECE BEGAN TO EXPAND
ACROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN
IT WAS A PERIOD OF GREAT CULTURAL
ACHIEVEMENT. ATHENS AND SPARTA
WERE DOMINANT CITY STATES
ALEXANDER THE GREAT CONQUERED
THE PERSIAN EMPIRE. AFTER HIS DEATH,
THERE WERE SEVERAL HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS
FINALLY IT BECAME PART OF ROMAN EMPIRE
MYCENAEAN CIVILISTAION
CRETAN CIVILISATION
DARK AGES
ARCHAIC PERIOD
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
CLAS
SICA
L PE
RIOD
THE GREEKS ALL HAD THE SAME CIVILISATION, ALTHOUGH THEY LIVED IN INDEPENDENT CITIES. THEY SHARED THE SAME…
CULTURE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS LANGUAGE ART
Pre-Hellenic civilisations
MINOANSBETWEEN 3000 AND 1500 BC THE MINOANS WERE A
PROSPEROUS MARITIME AND TRADING CIVILISATION ON THE ISLAND OF CRETE. THEY LEARNED HOW TO MAKE AND USE BRONZE. THEY RULED MANY ISLANDS IN THE
AEGEAN SEA
BETWEEN 1600 AND 1200 BC THE MYCENAEANS CONTROLLED MOST OF MAINLAND GREECE. MYCENAEANS
SOCIETY WAS LED BY A WARRIOR ARISTOCRACY. ACCORDING TO GREEK LEGENDS, THESE WARRIORS
FOUGHT THE TROJAN WAR
Pre-Hellenic civilisations MYCENAEANS
Pre-Hellenic civilisations DORIANS
AFTER BC THE DORIANS, WHO KNEW HOW TO MAKE AND USE IRON, ENTERED MAINLAND GREECE FROM THE
NORTH. MANY GREEKS WENT TO LIVE ON THE COAST OF ASIA MINOR, NOW TURKEY, WHERE THEY FOUNDED
CITIES
THE PERIOD FROM 1200 BC UNTIL ABOUT 750 BC WAS CALLED THE DARK AGE. PEOPLE LIVED IN SMALL,
ISOLATED COMMUNITIES, AND LEFT FEW IMPORTANT ARCHA
Pre-Hellenic civilisations DARK AGE
THE ARCHAIC AGE
The polis was formed of the main city and the farming land
and forests around it.
DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE 8TH AND THE 6TH
CENTURY
• The AGORA, or main square, where political activity and
trading took place.• The ACROPOLIS, on high land above the city , where
temples were located
THEY ALSO HAD IN COMMON:
THE POLIS
But all the poleis shared the same culture, religion and
language.
It had its own government army, laws and currency.
THE AGORA Discuss in groups about the activities
thta took place in the agora
THE ACROPOLISExplore the
Acropolis from the Brithis Mueum
Archaic city states were ruled by an oligarchy, which meant
“government by the few”.
EARLY GOVERNMENT
There was frequent social disorder during the 7th and 6th
centuries BC, and this led to political change. TYRANTS, like Peisistratos, took power. There were other important leaders,
like Solon the lawmaker.
The aristoi (or “best”) formed a privileged elite, or
ARISTOCRACY. The aristoi were landowners and military leaders.
THE ARCHAIC AGE
The tyrants
THE ARCHAIC AGE
Greek expansion led to the creation of
COLONIES across the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. there were many cities or colonies such as Syracuse, in
Sicily, and Emporion on the Iberian Peninsula
DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE 8TH AND THE 6TH
CENTURY
• economic activity increased greatly in both city states and their colonies.•Greek culture spread into new regions. •Some social groups became wealthier. There were social changes, and democracy emerged in the poleis
CONSEQUENCES
THE GREEK COLONISATIO
N
•Land was scarce, and it was held unequally•Population growth made it necessary to find new places for the extra people•Colonies created new trading possibilities
CAUSES OF GREEK COLONISATION
GREEK COLONISATION
THE CLASSICAL PERIOD
They were at the beginning of the fifth century BC when the Persians tried to gain control of the Greek
poleis of Asia Minor and continental Greece.
The army of the Athenian polis was essential in defeating the
Persians at the battles of Marathon (490) and Salamina (480). Athens became the most
powerful polis.
THE GRECO-PERSIAN WARS (MEDIAN
WARS)
The classical period was the gratest period for the Greek poleis. Sparta and Athens were the most
importantThere were also a number of conflicts. The most significant were:
They were the conflicts between Greek poleis. The dominant
position of Athens threatened other poleis and led to wars
between them. Sparta was against Athens control of the Delian
League and after years of war Sparta dominated over the rest of
the poleis.
THE PELOPONESIAN
WARS (431-404 BC)
While the poleis were fighting each other, King Philip II of
Macedon organised a great armyDelian League
was created
Peloponnesian War and Thucydides (12:00)
Pericles and the Delian League(9:00)
DEMOCRACY
IN THIS SYSTEM, ADULT MALE CITIZENS PARTICIPATED IN
GOVERNMENT. BUT WOMEN, METICS
(FOREIGNERS), SLAVES AND FREED SLAVES
WERE NOT CONSIDERED CITIZENS
THAT MEANS “RULE BY THE PEOPLE”
ATHENS BECAME A DEMOCRACY
THE EKKLESIA WAS THE
ASSEMBLY OF ALL THE CITIZENS.
THEY MET TO VOTE LAWS AND ELECT
MAGISTRATES
INSTITUTIONS OF ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY
EKKLESIA
MAGISTRATES
BOULE
HELIAIA
THEY WERE IN CHARGE O
THE LAW COURTS AND RELIGIOUS
CEREMONIES THERE WERE
ARCHONS AND
STRATEGOI
THIS IS THE COUNCIL
FORMED BY CITIZENS
CHOSEN BY BALLOT.
THEY MADE SURE THAT LAWS WERE FOLLOWED
IT WAS THE SUPREME
COURT. THEY WERE
CHOSEN BY BALLOT
EVERY YEAR
Athenian Democracy - Solon and Cleisthenes (12:00)
SPARTA: OLIGARCHY
It was an OLIGARCHYIn Spartan society,
citizens were trained to fight as warriors from an
early age
Sparta was Athens great
rival.
Less than a minute video about the Spartian society
SPARTIANS
PERIOIKOI
HELOTS
FREE MEN WITH POLITICAL RIGHTS
CRAFTSMEN OR TRADERS WITHOUT POLITICAL RIGHTS
THEY WERE LIKE SLAVES BUT COULDN
´T BE SOLD
INSTITUTIONS OF SPARTIAN OLIGARCHY
TWO KINGS
GEROUSIA
EPHORS
ASSEMBLY
THEY HELD
MILITARY AND
RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
OR MAGISTRATES
WHO MAINTAINED THE ORDER
FORMED BY WITH
VERY LIMITED POWERS
IT WAS A COUNCIL
FORMED BY CITIZENS
OVER SIXTY. RESPONSIB
LE FOR JUSTICE
ECONOMY THE MOST IMPORTANT ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURE
LIVESTOCK
CRAFT
TRADE
IT WAS THE MAIN
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY. IT
WAS BASED ON THE
CULTIVATION OF WHEAT,
OLIVES AND VINES IN THE
VALLEYS.
CRAFT WORK WAS DONE IN
SMALL WORKSHOPS. THEY MADE TEXTILES, POTTERY,
WEAPONS AND FARM TOOLS
IT BECAME IPORTANT,
ESPECIALLY AROUND THE
MEDITERRANEAN. THEY
TRADED EACH OTHER ACROSS
THE AEGEAN AND ALSO WITH
EGYPT AND ITALY
IT WAS IMPORTANT IN
THE MOUNTAINS. THEY KEPT
SHEEP, GOATS, PIGS AND HORSES
Life in ancient Greece was quite different for men and women. Whilst men were expected to take an active part in the public life of their city, women were expected to lead a private life as wives and mothers. Their lives were centred on the home.
Life in ancient Greece was quite different for men and women. Whilst men were expected to take an active part in the public life of their city, women were expected to lead a private life as wives and mothers. Their lives were centred
on the home.
Slavery was a central feature of life in Greece. Families of reasonable wealth would have slaves to carry out the
household chores, to go shopping at the market and even to help bring up children.
However, daily life in Sparta was rather different from most other city-states. Here women led more active lives, as this would improve their physical strength and their ability to have healthy babies. Sparta also had slaves but these belonged to the city as a whole, rather than to individual families.
A lot of our information on
daily life comes from
pottery
DAILY LIFE
PLAY THE “Greek House” BM
GREEK CULTURE HAD A GREAT INFLUENCE BOTH IN ANCIENT TIMES AND LATER PERIODS. IT IS OFTEN CONSIDERED THE
FOUNDATION OF THE WESTERN CIVILISATION
GREEK CULTURE
HOMER, AESCHYLUS,SOPHOCLES, EURIPIDES
SOCRATES, PLATO AND ARISTOLES
PHILOSOPHYGreeks were the first to use the reason to examine the nature of human beings and the world around them
SCIENCEThey
developed Mathematics, Physics and
Medice
HIPPOCRATES, PYTHAGORAS, ARCHIMEDES
ERATOSTHENESHERODOTUSTHUCYDIDES
GEOGRAPY AND HISTORY
They calculated the circumference
of the Earth.They were the first in writing History.
LITERATUREEpic poems like the Iliad and the Odyssey (700 BC)
Theatre devoloped from
religious ceremonies: tragedies and
comedies
RELIGIONTEMPLES ORACLES
OLYMPIC GAMES
GODS AND HEROES
POLYTHEISTS
WHAT WERE THEY?
GREEK ART
THE GREEKS TRIED TO ACHIEVE PROPORTION AND HARMONY IN THEIR ART. THEY CONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS AND STATUES ON A HUMAN SCALE
POWER POINT OF GREEK ART
THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD ALEXANDER THE GREAT POWER
POINT