The Power Grid of the Future - Lux Research Inc...The Power Grid of the Future Powering the...
Transcript of The Power Grid of the Future - Lux Research Inc...The Power Grid of the Future Powering the...
The Power Grid of the FuturePowering the next-generation of electric vehicles | April 10
Presenter: Chris Robinson, Analyst, Lux Research
I need to buy a car…
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… so should it be electric?
The quality and quantity of electric vehicles available today is
drastically better than ever before
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2011 Nissan Leaf
MSRP: $32,780
Range: 84 miles
2018 Nissan Leaf
MSRP: $29,990
Range: 151 miles 050
100150200250300350400450500
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Price
pe
r m
ile o
f ra
ng
eSource: Lux Research Automotive Battery Tracker
EV Range is Cheaper
than Ever
These low-cost vehicles with more range are resonating with
consumers
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0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Vehic
le s
ale
s(u
nits)
Source: Lux Research Automotive Battery Tracker
Quarterly Plug-in
Vehicle Sales
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
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Q1
Q2
Q3
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Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
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2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
These low-cost vehicles with more range are resonating with
consumers
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Quarterly
vehicle
sales
Volkswagen accelerates push into
electric cars with $40 billion
spending plan
China moves towards banning the
internal combustion engine
Quarterly Plug-in
Vehicle Sales
… but I have range anxiety
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930 miles
What is going to drive from a niche market to a
dominant technology?
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
2035-2040
EV
“inflection
point”:
50% adoption
1.5% adoption
Survey: 85% cite lack
of charging as limiting
factor in buying EV
Range anxiety powers
China to invest in electric
car-charging points
For electric car owner,
‘range anxiety’ gives way
to ‘charging time trauma’
Ne
w c
ar
sa
les th
at a
re p
lug
-in
s
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Agenda
1 | How is infrastructure alleviating range anxiety today?
2 | A new way of thinking about range anxiety
Solutions to range anxiety aim to quickly add energy to a
vehicle
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Adding energy to the battery as quickly as
possible with fast-charging
Completely replacing a battery with another
one filled with energy
Fast-charging has emerged as the technology of choice for
quickly topping up range
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Porsche’s Mission E will be the first vehicle compatible with 350 kW fast-charging
= X 250
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Are these
solutions ideal in
a future of 175
million EVs on
the road?
CostIs the solution
affordable to
deploy?
ScalabilityWill the solution
face hurdles that
prevent it from
scaling?
SpeedHow quickly can
a solution add
range?
At the EV tipping point in 2040, fast-charging doesn’t meet most
needs to alleviate range anxiety
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$-
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
120 kW 350 kW
Cost of installing a 6-stall
fast-charging station
At the EV tipping point in 2040, fast-charging doesn’t meet most
needs to alleviate range anxiety
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
50 kW 120kW
350kW
Global power
demand if all
chargers used (TW)
2017
Global
Capacity
Cost of installing a 6-stall
fast-charging station
Not very
affordable
$-
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
120 kW 350 kW
Not very
affordable
At the EV tipping point in 2040, fast-charging doesn’t meet most
needs to alleviate range anxiety
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Range added in ten
minutes (miles)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
50 kW 120kW
350kW
Global power
demand if all
chargers used (TW)
2017
Global
Capacity
Cost of installing a 6-stall
fast-charging station
Not very
affordable
Not very
scalableNot very
fast
$-
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
$400,000
120 kW 350 kW
Not very
affordable
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450 Fast enough
Could battery swapping be a long-term solution to long-
distance EV travel?
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$-
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
Cost to install a battery
swapping station
?
Could battery swapping be a long-term solution to long-
distance EV travel?
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$-
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
Operating costs make
scaling-up a challenge
Cost to install a battery
swapping station
Not very
affordable
$5,500,000Cost of buying, charging,
and replacing battery
packs to support 500
swaps per day for 5 years
Could battery swapping be a long-term solution to long-
distance EV travel?
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050
100150200250300350400450
Range added in five
minutes (miles)
$-
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
Cost to install a battery
swapping station
Could reach
parity with
gasoline
?
Operating costs make
scaling-up a challenge
Not very
affordable
$5,500,000Cost of buying, charging,
and replacing battery
packs to support 500
swaps per day for 5 years
Not very
scalable
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Current approaches focus on adding range
quickly, but are not scalable or cost effective.
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Agenda
1 | How is infrastructure alleviating range anxiety today?
2 | A new way of thinking about range anxiety
Today, Tesla’s Model S 100D offers the longest highway range
with just over 350 miles of range
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If we can't quickly add energy during a trip,
why not add more energy before leaving?
Today’s EVs get me to Syracuse
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EVs today
350 miles
5.25 hours
… but how far can the EV of 2040 take me?
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Building the EV of 2040
Improved Batteries
The Tesla 100D becomes the 200D with no additional weight or volume
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Building the EV of 2040
Improved Batteries
The Tesla 100D becomes the 200D with no additional weight or volume
Examples:
Batteries can already exceed 400 Wh/kg
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
Solid-state
Lithium-sulfur
Lithium-air
Sodium-ion
Zinc-air
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Building the EV of 2040
Improved Batteries
The Tesla 100D becomes the 200D with no additional weight or volume
Batteries can already exceed 400 Wh/kg
Examples:
Patent publications/year by battery type
Better batteries can get me just past Cleveland
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EVs today
Better
batteries
700 miles
10.5 hours
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Building the EV of 2040
Vehicle Lightweighting
Removing 600 kg of weight adds about 180 miles of range
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Building the EV of 2040
Vehicle Lightweighting
Carbon fiber prices are falling
Removing 600 kg of weight adds about 180 miles of range
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Building the EV of 2040
Vehicle Lightweighting
Carbon fiber prices are falling
Removing 600 kg of weight adds about 180 miles of range
Beyond 2040, textiles could be
considered for vehicles
Lightweighting can get me into Indiana
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EVs today
Lighter
materials
880 miles
13 hours
Better
batteries
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Building the EV of 2040
Autonomy and Efficiency
More efficient motors and aerodynamics working in tandem with autonomy
increase efficiency by 15%
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Building the EV of 2040
Autonomy and Efficiency
Source: Fuelly
More efficient motors and aerodynamics working in tandem with autonomy
increase efficiency by 15%
Reported fuel efficiency (mpg)
Nu
mb
er
of d
rive
rs
Official rating for
Toyota Prius fuel
efficiency: 50mpg
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Building the EV of 2040
Autonomy and Efficiency
Source: Fuelly
More efficient motors and aerodynamics working in tandem with autonomy
increase efficiency by 15%
Reported fuel efficiency (mpg)
Nu
mb
er
of d
rive
rs
Official rating for
Toyota Prius fuel
efficiency: 50mpg
All of these technologies together can alleviate my range anxiety
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EVs today
Lighter
materials
1,010 miles
15.5 hours
Efficiency
improvements
Better
batteries
Innovation interest is high in each of these technologies
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0
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Solid-state batteriesY-axis: Summary of trends in patents, papers, funding, and more.
Automotive Light weightingY-axis: Summary of trends in patents, papers, funding, and more.
Self-driving carsY-axis: Summary of trends in patents, papers, funding, and more.
The 1,000 mile EV would have significant effects on vehicle
charging needs
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Fast-charging and battery swapping aren’t long term
solutions
EVs still aren’t good enough, and tech innovation is still
important
Self-driving cars enable new business models that
threaten car ownership
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@LuxResearch
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Chris Robinson
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