05/01/2023

Submitted By,MITHUN P C

S7 EEEROLL No.:17

PROACTIVE MANAGEMENT

OF THE FUTURE GRID

Dept. of EEE 1

05/01/2023

CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION

BLACKOUT

CURRENT STATUS

INFLUENCES

CHALLENGES

EMERGING SOLUTIONS

TECHNOLOGY TRENDS & OPPORTUNITIES

PROACTIVE CONCLUSION

CONCLUSIONDept. of EEE 2

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INTRODUCTION

= To Act Now in Anticipation of Future Problems

Modern Power Grid is one of the most complex

engineering in existence.

In each second, millions of components are working.

Grid parameters are instantaneously changing.

The grid management challenge is to ensure that the

operating conditions stays within safe limit.

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Definition: A temporary electrical power failure or cut.

On August 14, 2003 in North America. On 30th & 31st July 2012 in India. India’s massive blackout is the largest one in the world

history. Around 9% of the world’s population was affected.

2012 India Blackout Leaves 600 Million People in the Dark.mp4Dept. of EEE 4

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Root causes: Inadequate system understanding.

Inadequate situational awareness.

Inadequate tree trimming.

Inadequate reliability coordinator report.

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CURRENT STATUS Power Grid Today:

Generation – Transmission – Distribution - Customer Load

The chain needs to be :

Reliable

Secure

resilient

24/7

Effect of failure of Transmission system

Effect of failure of Distribution system<<

<Dept. of EEE 6

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Grid Management Today

Developed in 1960s-Digital computers Real time management of transmission

system.

Receives measurement from grid every 2-4s

& presented to grid operator.

Not accurate.

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• TODAYS EMS PARADIGM IS BASICALLY REACTIVE.

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INFLUENCES

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CHALLENGES Electricity market decisions may be unfamiliar to

the grid operator.

Renewable & distributed generation resources are

uncontrollable to the grid operator.

Demand response & customer engagement

programs may cause sudden spikes in demand.

Power electronic load will have different load

characteristics. Aging and retiring of experienced work force.

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EMERGING SOLUTIONS Distribution Management System.

Outage Management System.

Generation Management System.

Substation Automation Solutions.

Demand Response Programs.

Distributed energy resource Management system.

Microgrids & Nanogrids.

Wide Area Monitoring Systems. (using PMU)

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TECHNOLOGY TRENDS & OPPORTUNITIES

HARD TRENDS• Will certainly

happen.• Difficult to

influence

SOFT TRENDS• They can be

influenced.

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A. High Performance Computers

Moore’s Law : “Computer processing power doubles every 18 months”

Processor prices have been declining. So large no. of high performance computers are employed at

control centres.

B. Distributed Parallel Processors

-> To speed up the solution process of Contingency Analysis Dynamic Stability Analysis

-> Can process more scenarios at same time.Dept. of EEE 13

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C. Synchrophasor Measurement

“Synchronized phasors (synchrophasors) provide a real-time

measurement of electrical quantities from across the power

system.”

Increasingly deployed worldwide. Captures upto 60 values at each second with precise time

tag. Replaces traditional way of measuring values every 2-4s.

[SCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition] Similar to High Definition Microscopic picture.

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D. Synchrophasor Analytics

New class of grid analytics for control room. Today transmission control centres deploys PMU. Identifies :

Poorly damped oscillations. Disturbance locations. Islanding conditions.

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E. Smart Meters

Sends energy usage to the

supplier wirelessly. Enable two-way

communication between the

meter and the central system. Can gather data for remote

reporting. More accurate bills. Better understanding of

energy usage.

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F. Advanced Protection & Control Relays.

Modern digital relays are used. More reliable grid operation. GPS can be attached & provides synchronised substation

measurements.

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G. Advanced Visualization Platforms

Displayed on geographical map of the region. Provides more comprehensive view of grid conditions. Provides for better situational awareness & actionable

information.

H. Modern Fast-Acting Grid Controls

Thyristor-based grid controllers are used. Faster in action.ie; responds within millisecond. Used in today’s HVDC technology.

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H. Cloud Computing Multiple users can access a single server. It provides greater computational power.

I. Enterprise-wide Dedication communication network Reduced cost per bandwidth of information exchange. More security in data transfer.

J. Energy Storage Important due to Electric Vehicle, renewable energy plant etc. Li-ion battery technology is promising. Research and development is going on.

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PROACTIVE CONCLUSIONS

Symbiotic integration of synchrophasorwith fast acting

controllers

Synchrophasor solutions

Decision Support System

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Decision Support System Concept after the 2003 US blackout. Augments the traditional EMS. It exploits high performance computers and multicore

processing. Gives the projection of

future grid conditions. The Dispatcher Training

Simulator (DTS) forecasts the

scenarios for next 15-30 min.

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Implementation Of Look Ahead Analytics at the Control Center

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Overview of a DSS at the Control Center.

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Synchrophasor Solutions

A. Baselining Archived Grid Data For Event Signatures.

B. Faster And Improved Monitoring Of Grid Stress.

C. Monitoring Grid Oscillations.

D. Identifies Islanding Situations In Grid.

E. Maximize Asset Utilization.

Symbiotic Integration of Synchrophasors With Fast Acting Controls

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CONCLUSION Real-time measurements are received every few

seconds. Based on current EMS state and operator

projections integrity of Grid is ensured. With advanced technologies, intelligent solutions are

evolved.

These solutions improves:

• Reliability

• Security

• Resiliency

• Capacity

• Efficiency Dept. of EEE 26

05/01/2023Dept. of EEE 27