The Parmigiano-Reggiano chainCheese plants(409 and 108.855 tons 4013 milk producers)Production and ageing until 12 monthsMaturing companies-wholesalers Ageing between 12 - 24 months and moreWhole cheese Portions - Grated Market(77% national 23% export)

The cheese dairies: a collective system606923549178433856871347677829060730100200300400500600700N. Chhese plants19931998200320052008CoopPrivateFarms

Evolution of cheese dairies by type of structure: the relevance of the cooperatives0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%19931998200320052008% on totalCoopPrivateFarms

Parmigiano Reggiano in Figures ( 2009)

- 251.000 cows solely producing milk for Parmesan cheese - 4.013 producers of milk - 409 cheese dairies - 16 litres of milk to make 1 kg of Parmesan cheese - 600 litres to make one wheel - 30 Kg: minimum weight of a wheel- 38 Kg: average weight of a wheel - 12 months: minimum maturation period - 20-24 months: average maturation period- 3.089.732: wheels produced- 0 additives

Parmigiano Reggiano: a noble and historic designationThe strong and unique link with the terroir -the cows are fed predominantly with local fodder. Silage is forbidden-the milk is produced and transformed exclusively in the area of origin; it is collected twice a day max 2 hrs after each milking, kept at minimum temp of 18CThe traditional process -partly skimmed raw milk, calf rennet, natural whey starter; copper vats; salt brine-absolute prohibition of additives and conservative elements- the skill and sensibility of the cheese maker (cheese master): a craftsman - Maturation process: minimum 12 months; each cheese is cleaned brushed and turned off regularly

INSPECTIONACTIVITY

Evening milk

Morning milk

Natural creaming of milk Overnight at the dairy

Partly skimmed milk

Coagulation

Cooking at 55C in 12/15 minutes

Curd breaking

Sedimentation1hr under the whey at the bottom of the vat

Extraction of cheese mass from the vatMoulding with cheese cloth: Marking with pin dots

Salting: 20 days in saturaated brine

AgeingMinimum 12 month at min temp 16CInspection and PDO marking

The TechnologyProduction of Parmigiano Reggiano

Calf rennet

Natural starter

Ageing continues to 24 month or more

1

Eight centuries of nobility- XIII Century: the first relevant tracks of its presence are found in Benedictine Monks properties (ora et labora); - 1254: the notary Guglielmo Vegio from Genoa includes the casei parmensis (cheese from Parma/Parmesan cheese) in a testament- XIV Century: Parmigiano Reggiano is quoted in G. Boccaccios great work, Decameron (Florence, 1348);- XIX Century: the cheese dairies (caseifici) take their octagonal characteristic shape;- 1928: the first Consortium (Consorzio) for the safeguard of the designation. An oval seal is identified to mark each cheese- 1934: the foundation of the Consorzio del Formaggio Parmigiano Reggiano.

THE MANAGEMENT OF THE PDOEC Reg. 510/06Italian law 526/99 The Custodian of the PDO: CONSORZIO DI TUTELA Voluntary association of PDO producers representing at least 3/4 of the PDO

The Inspection system of the PDO: DCQ PR Independent organisation responsible for auditing the adherence to the PDOs Code of Practice

The cost of the system: 6 Euro per cheese (550 litres of milk)Paid by the producers

The Consorzio del Formaggio Parmigiano Reggiano and the use of the PDO Parmigiano Reggiano1.The Consorzio del Formaggio Parmigiano Reggiano

Created in 1934;Voluntary non-for-profit body in charge of the defence, promotion and safeguarding of the Protected Designation of Origin Parmigiano Reggiano;Members of the Consorzio (on the condition that they are established in the area of origin and certified by the Inspection body-art.10 EC Reg. 510/06-)Milk producing farmers of milk directed to the production of Parmesan;Diaries producers of Parmigiano Reggiano;

The Consorzio del Formaggio Parmigiano Reggiano and the use of the PDO Parmigiano Reggiano

In charge with the protection, safeguard and promotion of the PDO Parmigiano Reggiano, towards every one;Promotion tasks, possibility to apply for changes to specification;During the production, especially:- establishes the modalities/conditions for the use of the marks of origin and their correct use by the cheesemakers, in respect of the specification;- applies on the cheese rind the mark of the PDO at the end of the 12 month minimum ageing period, after verification by the inspection structure.During the commercialisation:- is in charge with the protection of the Designation of Origin against any exploitation of its reputation, against imitation, misuse, etc. (article 13 Regulation 510/2006);- in Italy, its supervisory agents have the qualification of policemen.

The composition of the Consorzio409 associates (General Assembly). Elect 48 delegatesBoard of Administration (28 + 4 members))Executive Committee (10 members). It includes the president and 2 vice presidentsTerm: 3 years Members: legal representatives of the cheese plants

The structure of the ConsorzioDirectionAdministrationInstitutional services (marking and inspection, legal protection and vigilance)Communication (Internal, International, Public Relation)Technical laboratoryProvincial sections (Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna, Mantova)

The Consorzio: a common interest & strategy

1934: Consorzio Grana Tipico CGT 1955: regulation for Parmigiano-Reggiano 1964: marking of origin 1979: feeding regulation 1983: annual production 1987: marking of origin 1991: extention to the grated form 2001: modification of producing regulation (standard,feeding, marking) 2002: new statute 2003: modification of product specification (on going) 2005: amendement to the statute

The amendment to the Specification2003 Dec. 19: General assembly approves the amendement to the Specification (under Reg. 2081/92). Major change: all Parmesan to be conditioned (pre-packed) in the area of origin2004: request sent to the Ministry of agriculture and to the Regions of the geographic area (Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy). 11 March 2005 O.J. n. 58: Publication of proposed amendement13 April 2005: the Ministry sends oppositions to the Consorzio31 October 2005: the ministry sends the request to the EC Commission2 February 2006 O.J. N. 27: decree on the transitory protectionJuly 2007: amendment sent to the EC Commission under the Reg 510/06January 2008: EC Commission send to the Ministry a list of request of explanations. The Ministry has 6 months to answerApril 2009 Publication on EC Official JournalOctober 2009 2 Opposition (Belgium & Danemark)Present: management of oppositions by the Ministry of agricultureThe process is too long and complex

International Convention of Stresa, 1st June 1951Law 10 april 1954 n. 125The protection of denominations of origin and typical names of cheesesDPR 30 October 1955 n.1269Recognition of the standards for Parmigiano-ReggianoDPR 17 June 1957Attribution to the Consortium for the inspection of the production and sale of Parmigiano-ReggianoDPR 28 March 1958Attribution of the qualification as agents of Public Safety to the inspection agents of the ConsorzioDPR 22 September 1981Extension of the denomination of P-R from the entire wheels to parts of the product sold in pre-packaged formDPR 4 November 1991Extension of the denomination of P-R to grated typesReg. (EEC) n.2081/92 of 14 July 1992Law 526/99 and subsequent decreesReg. (EEC) 692/03Reg. (EEC) n. 510/06

The control system in the PDO Parmigiano ReggianoDCQ-Dipartimento Controllo Qualit P.R.

Private Organism authorized by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and in compliance with the Standard EN 45011;The printing of the selection marks on the rind is done by the Consorzio after the control made by the DCQ P.R. that guaranties the compliance with the product specification;Every cheese maker established in the area of origin has a right to the marks of origin and access to the control system: only in the case that the requirements in the specification are complied with. His cheese can than bear the Designation of Origin. Cost paid by producers

Market Flows

Production

112.855 tons

Geographical distribution of the Italian consumption

13,1013,7513,2112,5312,8912,3714,0113,0013,2312,4212,6113,0013,2510,0012,0014,0016,00gen-02gen-03gen-04gen-05gen-06Price (/kg)Parmigiano-Reggiano at retail

52%

43%

5%

Prepackaged

Salebench

Grated

_1191420704.xls

Graf formato di vendita

Foglio1

Confezionato0.523

Al banco0.427

Grattugiato0.05

Foglio2

Foglio3

ExportsThe exports of Parmigiano-Reggiano are around 23% of the total production.France, Germany and the United Kingdom represent the main foreign markets.Among the extra-EU countries, the most important for exports of Parmigiano-Reggiano are the United States, Japan and Switzerland.Export destinations (source: CRPA estimate

THINK LOCALTradition-natural and human factor- is the key element for the GI system

ACT GLOBALThe necessity to promote and protect the designation: an advantage to the producer and a guarantee to the consumer

The challenge of marketing a PDOThe registration of marks and seals WIPO, Foreign CountriesThe defense of marks and sealsEU: protection of name Parmesan. The EU Court of Justice in 208 has sentenced that Parmesan should indicate only Parmigiano-Reggiano. Monitoring the market/Legal actionsThird Countries:monitoring, legal actions. High costs. Need of a multiralteral framework to protect GIs

Parmigiano Reggiano 60GI15/60GJ93 October 2005

Main spontaneous evocations when parmesan cheese is mentioned

ABCDEFsignificant difference (90%)

Wherever the question is asked Italy, Cheese,and pasta are top of mind mentions. To be noticed: many Swedish talking about a good taste, many Brits talking about the smell of parmesan (mainly to say they dont like it, stinky), and only Belgium mentioning Reggiano

QuestionQ0- Please tell me all the words or expressions that come to your mind when you think of Parmesan cheese (several answers)

Parmigiano Reggiano ... from Mexico. The cheese is falsely labelled. A multilateral agreement is needed

GI: Benefits and difficultiesProtectionRestrictionsNotorietyImitationsAdded valueCostsVigilanceControlCollective markPrivate brand

More informations

www.clal.itwww.origin-gi.comwww.parmigiano.reggiano.itGRAZIE