VOCABULARY STRATEGIES

THEME:THE SKELETAL AND

MUSCULAR SYSTEMS

GRADE THREE

Created By:Kristin Wahl

R E 5540ASU Reading CohortSTANDARD COURSE OF STUDY

GRADE THREESCIENCE

Competency Goal 4:

The learner will conduct investigations and use appropriate technology to build an understanding of the form and function of the skeletal and muscle systems of the human body.

Objectives:

4.01 Identify the skeleton as a system of the human body.

4.02 Describe several functions of bones: Support. Protection. Locomotion.

4.03 Describe the functions of different types of joints: Hinge. Ball and socket. Gliding.

4.04 Describe how different kinds of joints allow movement and compare this to the movement of mechanical devices.

4.05 Observe and describe how muscles cause the body to move.

Reference: http://www.ncpublicschools.org/curriculum/science/scos/2004/15grade3

STUDENT FRIENDLY VOCABULARY DEFINITIONS

Body system – a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Skeletal System - body system that consists of the bones, joints, ligaments, and cartilage that supports, protects, and moves the body

Muscular system - The body system that is made up of all the different types of muscles in the body

Skeleton – The framework of your body that consists of bones, joints, ligaments, and cartilage

Function – The job or duty that someone or something is given

Support - To hold in position and to keep from falling, sinking, or slipping.

Locomotion - The ability to move from place to place.

Protection – To keep something safe from harm

Bones – The thick tissue made up of minerals such as calcium that makes up most of the skeletal system

Joints – A place where two or more bones meet

Hinge Joint – A type of joint that allows bones to move back and forth in one direction. It is similar to a door hinge. Examples include the knees.

Ball and socket Joint – A type of joint that includes the ball of one bone that fits into the socket, or cup, of another bone. These joints allow bones to move back and forth, in a circle, and side to side. Examples include the hips.

Gliding Joints – A type of joint that allows the bones to slide against one another. These joints allow some movement in all directions. It is similar to a sliding door. Examples include the small bones in the wrists and ankles.

Tendons - A band of tough tissue that connects muscles to bones

Ligaments - A sheet or band of tough tissue that connects bones to other bonesGrowth - An increase in size, number, value, or strength

Organs – A part of the body that performs a specific function

Vital - Necessary to stay alive or very important

Mechanical devices – A machine or object that serves a specific function or job

Muscles – Bundles of tissue that work and contract to move a certain bone or part of the body

Circular motion – the movement of something that goes around in a circle or in all directions

Cartilage – Tough, smooth, elastic material in the joint that prevents bones from rubbing together

THIS VOCABULARY LIST WAS CREATED BY USING THE THIRD GRADE SCIENCE STANDARD COURSE OF STUDY AND SCIENCE BOOKS THAT I PLAN TO USE AS A REFERENCE TOOL DURING THIS UNIT

References:

VOCABULARY STRATEGY # 1

USING VOCABULARY TERMS TO GIVE EXAMPLES

Cognition Level: Basic

When would this strategy be used in the unit?This strategy would be best used at a point in the unit when all of the vocabulary terms listed below have already been taught. Students would be allowed to use any reference tools such as books, diagrams, or the internet in order to locate examples to be placed under each vocabulary term.

Directions: There are several vocabulary terms listed below. Think of several parts of the body that would be examples of each vocabulary term. When you finish, discuss your examples with your partner and then add any more examples to your list.

Vocabulary Term Examples of Vocabulary TermBones Skull, Pelvis, Hands, Feet,

Clavicle, Vertebrae, Ribcage, Femur, Shoulders

Muscles Biceps, Triceps, Calves, Stomach, Heart, Face muscles, Quadriceps

Organs Heart, Liver, Brain, Lungs, Kidneys, Skin, Pancreas,

Large intestine, Small intestine

Joints Shoulders, Hips, Knees, Wrists, Ankles, Elbows,

KnucklesCartilage Nose, Ears

Extension Activity: Tell your students to select one of the vocabulary terms from the list. Then

select one of the examples that they have listed for that vocabulary term. For example, one student might choose the vocabulary term muscles and select the heart muscle. The students will take the part of the body that they have selected and write a journal entry about the typical day that this body part would experience. Students may use a diary type format to create this journal entry. In order to write this piece, students must have a good understanding of this body part’s specific function. Further research may be done in order to locate enough information to complete this journal entry.

VOCABULARY STRATEGY # 2

COMPARE AND CONTRAST

Cognition Level: Intermediate

When would this strategy be used in the unit?This strategy would be best used after the lesson focusing on joints. The students must have a basic understanding of joints and how they are a part of the skeletal system. Students must also have a basic understanding of the different types of joints. The next lesson would focus on the relationship between the different types of joints and the mechanical devices that would be most similar to these joints.

Extension Activities: Allow students to research joints in the entire body. While the students are

researching other types of joints in the body, they can characterize them as one of the three types of joints that we have learned about in class.

Based upon the directions in which the different types of joints move, allow students to create devices that would model the type of joint that they have selected. Students would be supplied with various materials such as rubber bands, popsicle sticks, pencils, erasers, Styrofoam balls, pipe cleaners, and paper clips.

Directions: Explain how the following terms are similar and how they are different by using the three part Venn Diagram.

Types of Joints Hinge Joint Ball and Socket Joint

Gliding Joint

Hinge Joint

Ball and Socket JointGliding

Gliding Joint

Moves back and forth in one direction

Similar to a door hinge

Example: Knees

Ball of a bone fits into the socket or cup of another

Moves around in all directions

Example: Hips

Slide against one another Move in all directions Examples: wrists and ankles

JointsSkeletal System

VOCABULARY STRATEGY # 3

WORD SORT

Cognition Level: Intermediate to Advanced

When would this strategy be used in the unit?This strategy would be best used near the end of the unit when all of these terms have been taught. Because this is a higher level thinking skill, the students need to have a strong understanding of these terms.

Directions: Put the words listed below into categories. You may choose how many categories to create. Then write a short explanation as to why you placed these words in the categories that you did.

Extension: Now that we have separated these terms into categories two

different ways, try to create one more way that we can separate these terms. Write a different explanation from the ones that you already use.

Terms:

Muscular SystemSkeletal SystemSkeletonProtectionBonesMusclesSupportLocomotion

OrgansJointsTendonsLigamentsCartilageHinge JointBall and Socket JointGliding Joint

Group 1 – Muscular System Group 2 – Skeletal SystemMuscular SystemMusclesSupportLocomotionTendons

Skeletal SystemSkeletonProtectionBonesSupportLocomotionOrgans

JointsTendonsLigamentsCartilageHinge JointBall and Socket JointGliding Joint

Explanation: I put these terms into the categories Skeletal System and Muscular System because some words related to the skeletal system the most and the other words related to the muscular system the most.

Group 1 – Protection Group 2 – Support Group 3 - LocomotionSkeletal SystemSkeletonBonesCartilage

Muscular SystemSkeletal SystemSkeletonBonesMuscles OrgansJoints

Muscular SystemSkeletal SystemSkeletonBonesMusclesJointsTendonsLigamentsHinge JointBall and Socket JointGliding Joint

Explanation: I separated these words into three categories based upon which terms related to the three functions of the muscular and skeletal system, protection, support, and locomotion.

VOCABULARY STRATEGY # 4

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER: TREE MAP

Cognitive Level: Intermediate

When would this strategy be used in the unit?This strategy would be bested used after a basic introduction to both the skeletal and muscular system. The students need to have a basic understanding of each system and the functions, parts, and examples from each system.

Directions: Use the tree map that I have given you and fill in the blank shapes (blue). You may use any books or diagrams as a reference guide.

Extension Activity: Select one of the details listed under function, parts, or

examples. Then create a tree map or a bubble map using more details and elaboration just about that one word that you have chosen. More research may need to be done with books, reference materials, and the Internet in order to further expand upon these terms.

BODY SYSTEMS

SKELETAL SYSTEM

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Function Example Function

Locomotion Locom

otionMuscles Quads

Biceps Protection

Support

Bones

ligaments

Joints

Femur

Ribs

Knee

ExampleParts Parts

VOCABULARY STRATEGY # 5

ANALOGIES

Cognitive Level: Advanced

When would this strategy be used in the unit?This strategy would be best used near the end of the unit because in order to complete analogies students need to have a complete understanding of the terms. Students need to be able to how these terms are related to one another.

Directions: Read the analogies and consider how the terms in each analogy are similar or how they are different. Then consider which word would best be placed into the blank place (blue). When you finish, check your answers with a partner and then complete the extension activity.

Extension Activity: Create your own analogies for a partner. Remember to leave

one space blank. Remember to give good clues about what the missing word could possibly be. Trade analogies with a partner and see if you can fill in the correct word in each analogy.

1. SKELETAL SYSTEM: BONES :: MUSCULAR SYSTEM : MUSCLE

2. GLIDING : HIP :: BALL AND SOCKET : SHOULDER

3. KNEE : HINGE :: WRIST : GLIDING

4. SKELETAL SYSTEM : PROTECTION :: MUSCULAR SYSTEM :

LOCOMOTION

5. LIGAMENTS : BONES :: TENDONS : MUSCLES AND BONES

6. LOCOMOTION : MOVEMENT :: PROTECTION : SAFETY

7. BICEP : ARM :: QUADRACEPT : LEG

8. FEMUR : LEG :: CLAVICLE : CHEST

9. ORGAN : LUNG :: CARTILAGE : EAR

10. BALL AND SOCKET : CIRCULAR MOTION :: HINGE : BACK

AND FORTH

VOCABULARY STRATEGY # 6

FEATURE ANALYSIS

Directions: Think about the three types of joints that we know - the hinge joint, the ball and socket joint, and the gliding joint. Think about how these joints move if they remind you of any mechanical devices that we know of. Remember, a mechanical device is defined as a type of machine or object that serves a specific function or job. Put an X next to the feature that applies to the type of joint.

Gliding Joints Ball and Socket Joints

Hinge Joints

Back and Forth Motion

X

Circular Motion XSlide Against Each Other Motion

X

Works like a clock XWorks like a door XWorks like a light switch

X

Works like a sliding window

X

Works like a wheel XWorks like a camera lens

X

Works like a swing X

VOCABULARY STRATEGY # 7

FRAYER MODEL

STUDENT SAMPLE

TENDON

YOUR DEFINITION IN YOUR OWN WORDS

DESCRIBE WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE

EXAMPLESNON-EXAMPLES

Thick cords of tissue connecting muscles to bones. Tendons remind me of rubber bands

that stretch. At each end of the rubber band is either the muscle or the bone. Tendons are flexible and can move in all directions.

Tendons connect your heel in the foot to your calf muscleTendons connect your quadriceps in your legs to your knee boneTendons connect your biceps to the main bone in your arm.

Tendons are not like cartilage located in your nose or earTendons are not joints or parts that join bones together like in the hips and shoulderThendons are not bones like the femur or pelvisTendons are not muscles like your biceps, tongue, or calves

WORD

YOUR DEFINITION IN YOUR OWN WORDS

DESCRIBE WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE

EXAMPLESNON-EXAMPLES

VOCABULARY STRATEGY # 8

POSSIBLE PAIRED SENTENCES

Directions: There are ten words listed below. Choose two words and pair them together based upon how well they could fit into a sentence together.

MUSCULAR SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEMSUPPORTLOCOMOTIONPROTECTIONGROWTHFUNCTIONVITALORGANSBODY SYSTEM

STUDENT SAMPLE

1. The skeletal system helps protect your organs.2. Vital organs are body parts that work together to keep your body

alive.3. Each body system has a different function and job to perform.4. A person’s muscular system shows growth when the muscles get

increase in size.5. The skeletal system and muscular system and two important

systems in the human body.6. Support, locomotion, and protection are all functions of the

skeletal system.7. Locomotion is a function of the muscular system.8. The skeletal system offers support for the entire human body so

that your body can stand up straight and tall without falling.9. Each organ in a person’s body has its own specific function.10. The skeletal system and the muscular system work together to

create locomotion.

VOCABULARY STRATEGY # 9RIVET

RIVET is a game similar to Hangman because there is a specific number of blank spaces provided. With given clues, the students will determine which word belongs in the blank spaces.

Muscular SystemSkeletal SystemSkeletonProtectionBonesMusclesSupportLocomotionOrgansJointsTendonsLigamentsCartilageHinge JointBall and Socket JointGliding JointFunctionGrowthVitalMechanical DevicesBody System

1. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Clues:

These are parts of the body that are important to keeping the body alive

Examples include: the heart, brain, lungs

The word is ORGANS

2. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Clues:

To hold in position or to keep from falling, sinking, or slipping

A function of the skeletal system Without this function of the skeletal system, our bodies

could not stand up tall

The word is SUPPORT

3. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Clues:

Part of the skeletal system or muscular system Part of the body that connects the muscle to the bones

The word is TENDON

4. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Clues:

Part of the skeletal system The location where two bones meet

The word is JOINTS

5. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Clues:

Very important A word that describes organs These types of organs must be working properly in

order to remain alive

The word is VITAL