Appalachian Regional Commission Appalachian Region ...Appalachian Regional Commission Regional...

Appalachian Regional Commission Regional Planning & Research Division Appalachian Region Industry Report- 2010 202-884-7700 www.arc.gov/research Source: Woods & Poole Economics, historical data 2000-2008, 2020 forecast

Employment Change by Industry Total employment increased 7.3% in the Appalachian region between 2000 and 2008, compared with 9.9% for the nation as a whole. Employment in Southern Appalachia grew the most, at 12.5%, while the Northern region expanded the least, at 3.7%. The industries with the greatest job growth in Appalachia were Mining (39.7%), Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (31.1%), Professional and Technical Services (24.7%), and Health & Social Services (23.5%). Mining employment expanded by 51.0% in North Central and 48.7% in Northern Appalachia. Finance increased the most in South Central (39.0%) and Southern Appalachia (41.6%), along with Professional Services, which grew 25.6% and 35.2% in South Central and Southern Appalachia, respectively. Industries that lost jobs over the 2000-2008 period included Manufacturing (-24.6%), Farming (-15.0%), Utilities (-13.4%), and Federal Government (-5.0%). Manufacturing employment declined at a faster rate than the nation in every region of Appalachia except the Central region. In South Central Appalachia, manufacturing employment fell 31.1%.

Employment Shares by Industry The industries with the highest shares of total employment in Appalachia were Food, Lodging, and Entertainment (14.5%), Retail Trade (11.6%), State and Local Government (11.5%), Professional and Technical Services (11.1%), Manufacturing (10.9%), and Health and Social Services (10.7%). Shares of these industries were similar to that of the nation. except for Manufacturing, which was higher in Appalachia, and Professional Services, which was lower. Manufacturing’s share of the total was highest in Southern (12.7%), South Central (11.5%), and Northern Appalachia (10.3%) The industries with the smallest share of total employment were Utilities (0.4%), Mining (1.0%), Federal Government (1.9%), Farming (2.5%), and Education (3.2%). Mining varied from a high of 4.8% of total employment in Central Appalachia to a low of 0.2% in South Central Appalachia.

Employment Index by Industry The employment index, which is the ratio of regional to national employment shares, measures the relative concentration of a particular industry in a given area. The most highly concentrated industries in Appalachia include Mining (1.58 times the national share), Manufacturing (1.41), Farming and Forestry (1.31), and Utilities (1.25). The industries with the lowest concentration included Federal Government (0.70), Finance (0.77), Education and Information Services (0.79), and Professional and Technical Services (0.80). It is important to note that the industry sectors with relatively low concentrations in Appalachia had some of the highest growth rates over the 2000-2008 period (Finance, Education and Information Services, and Professional and Technical Services). The reverse is also true: the industry sectors with relatively high concentrations in Appalachia are the industries that contracted over the 2000-2008 period (Manufacturing, Farming and Forestry, and Utilities). This phenomenon largely explains why employment growth in Appalachia lags behind the nation during boom years and falls further during recessions. The notable exception to this rule is Mining, which is both highly concentrated in Appalachia and also experienced exceptional growth.

7.3%

-15.0%

39.7%

-13.4%

13.7%

-24.6%

-0.1%

6 9%

31.1%24.7%

8.0%

23.5%17 5%

-5 0%

10 2%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

United States AppalachiaEmployment Change by Industry, Appalachia 2000-08

2.5%1 0% 0.4%

6.7%

10.9% 11.6%

6.6% 7.4%

11.1%

3.2%

10.7%

14.5%

1 9%

11.5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

United States AppalachiaIndustry Shares of Total Employment, Appalachia 2008

1.31

1 58

1.251 09

1.41

1.12

0.950.77 0.80 0.79

1.05

0 99

0.70

1 06

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0United States AppalachiaIndustry Index , Appalachia 2008 ratio to U.S. share

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7 3%

-15 0%

39.7%

-13.4%

13.7%

-24.6%

-0.1%

6 9%

31.1%24.7%

8 0%

23.5%17.5%

-5 0%

10.2%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

United States AppalachiaEmployment Change by Industry, Appalachia 2000-08

9045 19

265

478545

306350

490

198

615658

73

508

0

200

400

600

800

2000 2008 2020Total Employment by Industry, Northern Region (thousands)

3.7%

-10.2%

48.7%

-28.5%

9.7%

-24.1%

-4.0%

7.0%

21.4% 16.5%5.0%

17.1%8.0%

-8.2%

5.4%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

AppalachiaNorthern Region

Employment Change by Industry, Northern Region 2000-08

40 309

78 84

142

6578

106

30

143169

35

161

0

50

100

150

2002000 2008 2020Total Employment by Industry, North Central Region (thousands)

6.5%

-8.5%

51.0%

-9.6%

12.8%

-24.4%

-2.4%

7.4%

22.5% 17.6%

-3.5%

21.7%13.4%

1.2% 5.2%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

AppalachiaNorth Central RegionEmployment Change by Industry, North Central Region 2000-08

336134 54

896

1,453 1,548

876 983

1,485

429

1,428

1,930

252

1,532

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2000 2008 2020Total Employment by Industry, Appalachian Region (thousands)



5040

3

55

75

98

50 45

69

19

86

105

17

113

0

25

50

75

100

1252000 2008 2020Total Employment by Industry, Central Region (thousands)

4.7%

-21.9%

32.8%

-15.5%

12.1%

-19.4%

-3.0%

0.6%

28.2%21.6%

7.7%

20.3%14.8%

-0.7%

4.6%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

AppalachiaCentral Region

Employment Change by Industry, Central Region 2000-08

73

6 5

198

304 305

172208

293

73

275

402

41

296

0

100

200

300

400

500

2000 2008 2020Total Employment by Industry, South Central Region (thousands)

7.3%

-20.7%

27.8%

-13.3%

18.2%

-31.1%

1.8% 5.2%

39.0%

25.6% 21.8%32.6%

20.6%

-8.1%

10.6%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

AppalachiaSouth Central Region

Employment Change by Industry, South Central Region 2000-08

8212 19

300

512458

282 302

527

108

310

596

87

454

0

150

300

450

600

750

2000 2008 2020Total Employment by Industry, Southern Region (thousands)

12.5%

-13.0%

17.2%8.2%

14.9%

-21.4%

5.1% 8.8%

41.6%35.2%

9.1%

31.3% 29.6%

-3.8%

19.4%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

AppalachiaSouthern Region

Employment Change by Industry, Southern Region 2000-08



2.5%1.0% 0.4%

6.7%

10 9% 11.6%

6.6% 7.4%

11.1%

3.2%

10.7%

14.5%

1.9%

11.5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

United States AppalachiaIndustry Shares of Total Employment, Appalachia 2008

1 31

1 58

1 251.09

1.41

1.12

0.950.77 0.80 0.79

1 05

0 99

0.70

1 06

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0United States AppalachiaIndustry Index , Appalachia 2008 ratio to U.S. share

1.9% 1 0% 0.4%

5.7%

10.3%11.7%

6.6% 7.5%

10.6%

4.3%

13.2% 14 2%

1.6%

11 0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

AppalachiaNorthern RegionIndustry Shares of Total Employment, Northern Region 2008

1 01

1 54

1 27

0 93

1 331.13

0.950.79 0.76

1.05

1.29

0.97

0.58

1.01

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

AppalachiaNorthern Region

Industry Index, Northern Region 2008 ratio to U.S. share

3.4% 2.6%0 8%

6.7% 7.1%

12.2%

5.6% 6.7%9 0%

2.6%

12.2%14.5%

3.0%

13.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

AppalachiaNorth Central RegionIndustry Shares of Total Employment, North Central Region 2008

1 80

4 04 2.321.09

0.92

1.17

0 810.70 0.65 0.63

1.19

0.99

1.101 27

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

AppalachiaNorth Central Region

Industry Index, North Central Region 2008 ratio to U.S. share



6 0%4 8%

0.4%

6.7%9.1%

11 8%

6 0% 5.5%

8.4%

2.4%

10.4%12.7%

2.1%

13.6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

AppalachiaCentral RegionIndustry Shares of Total Employment, Central Region 2008

3.15 7.631.13 1.09

1.18 1.14

0.87

0.57 0.60 0.58

1.01

0.870.78

1.26

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

AppalachiaCentral RegionIndustry Index, Central Region 2008 ratio to U.S. share

2 8%0 2% 0 2%

7 5%

11 5% 11 5%

6 5%7.8%

11.1%

2.8%

10.4%

15.2%

1.5%

11.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

Appalachia

South Central RegionIndustry Shares of Total Employment, South Central Region 2008

1.44

0.36 0.53

1.221.48

1.11

0 940 82 0.79

0.68

1.02 1.04

0.57

1.03

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

AppalachiaSouth Central Region

Industry Index, South Central Region 2008 ratio to U.S. share

2 0%0 3% 0 5%

7.4%

12.7%11 3%

7 0% 7.5%

13.0%

2.7%

7.7%

14.7%

2.1%

11.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

Appalachia

Southern RegionIndustry Shares of Total Employment, Southern Region 2008

1.05

0.48

1.431.21

1.63

1.09 1.00

0.780.93

0.65 0.75

1.01

0.79

1.04

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

AppalachiaSouthern RegionIndustry Index, Southern Region 2008 ratio to U.S. share



Employment by Industry, 2008 (thousands) To

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United States 181,755 3,491 1,152 591 11,151 14,091 18,862 12,594 17,394 25,347 7,406 18,592 26,507 4,896 19,681Appalachia 13,335 335.5 133.7 54.3 895.6 1452.8 1548.1 875.5 983.4 1484.9 428.8 1428.1 1929.7 252.3 1532.4Northern Region 4,641 90.4 45.4 19.2 264.7 478.0 545.1 306.3 349.6 489.8 198.3 614.8 658.3 73.1 508.3North Central Region 1,169 40.3 30.0 8.8 78.0 83.5 142.1 65.2 78.1 105.7 30.2 142.6 169.0 34.8 160.7Central Region 826 49.9 39.9 3.0 55.3 75.3 97.8 49.8 45.2 69.1 19.5 85.6 105.2 17.2 112.7South Central Region 2,651 73.2 6.0 4.5 197.7 303.5 304.8 172.3 208.0 293.3 73.2 275.2 401.6 40.7 296.3Southern Region 4,049 81.7 12.4 18.8 299.9 512.4 458.3 281.9 302.4 527.0 107.6 309.9 595.5 86.5 454.3

Alabama 2,641 66.4 11.3 14.1 182.5 292.8 290.7 166.9 202.8 319.6 66.6 223.0 391.8 84.6 327.6

Appalachian Alabama 1,697 39.2 8.7 9.9 116.5 198.7 185.0 104.6 131.3 217.6 42.3 142.8 246.5 54.0 200.4

Georgia 5,572 78.7 9.1 21.7 361.5 427.9 568.6 457.7 493.2 829.5 227.0 461.0 827.2 199.9 608.8

Appalachian Georgia 1,364 19.6 2.2 4.8 118.2 168.7 163.4 109.4 103.5 186.9 37.3 96.0 197.8 16.3 139.6

Kentucky 2,442 102.3 30.4 7.1 144.6 252.9 259.8 191.1 180.6 258.8 71.9 240.2 332.7 92.4 277.4

Appalachian Kentucky 515 34.4 19.8 2.1 32.0 46.5 62.6 32.0 28.2 41.5 13.3 57.0 65.8 10.1 69.9

Maryland 3,472 22.1 3.9 10.9 249.1 136.8 355.4 200.3 345.0 574.4 152.1 382.9 487.7 205.5 345.9

Appalachian Maryland 141 2.5 0.7 0.4 9.6 11.2 19.9 9.9 13.1 12.1 4.3 18.9 20.0 2.2 16.1

Mississippi 1,558 58.5 11.7 8.0 109.5 164.4 171.0 96.3 101.1 149.1 39.2 136.7 228.2 57.9 226.5

Appalachian Mississippi 307 15.2 0.9 1.6 18.9 53.0 34.5 20.0 16.5 26.5 6.0 27.5 37.5 8.0 40.5

New York 11,289 66.1 14.3 40.5 533.9 565.0 1,066.6 738.1 1,354.3 1,607.0 713.2 1,500.2 1,561.2 187.0 1,341.4

Appalachian New York 579 17.2 3.1 2.3 28.2 68.1 68.2 26.4 37.4 51.0 35.5 70.5 77.1 5.7 88.8

North Carolina 5,498 88.2 7.4 13.7 392.8 537.1 566.6 354.2 465.2 726.9 188.6 526.9 779.1 202.8 648.3

Appalachian North Carolina 942 22.1 1.8 2.1 78.7 100.3 103.2 52.8 76.0 104.9 29.2 111.7 143.6 11.0 104.6

Ohio 6,819 91.3 24.8 22.6 358.0 765.9 720.1 508.3 578.5 915.7 242.2 810.0 934.2 113.2 734.2

Appalachian Ohio 947 30.0 11.4 6.3 62.7 108.5 119.3 60.3 65.4 80.4 22.6 118.1 133.4 12.6 115.8

Pennsylvania 7,407 91.9 37.6 22.7 413.9 673.0 799.4 530.5 668.8 970.0 388.8 977.9 1,016.8 142.0 674.2

Appalachian Pennsylvania 3,275 55.5 32.6 12.9 188.4 316.5 376.1 225.5 258.3 368.9 142.5 439.5 465.6 57.0 335.7

South Carolina 2,579 39.9 2.9 13.0 173.6 250.0 286.1 147.8 222.4 313.8 69.2 190.2 468.3 85.8 316.2

Appalachian South Carolina 681 7.7 0.7 2.5 46.3 92.0 75.3 47.9 51.2 96.1 22.1 43.5 113.7 8.2 73.8

Tennessee 3,760 91.9 8.0 4.0 249.1 375.1 410.4 321.6 316.5 471.7 120.9 366.3 569.9 73.4 380.8

Appalachian Tennessee 1,568 48.5 4.5 1.7 115.8 180.3 181.7 111.6 125.8 176.6 39.5 151.9 236.5 28.7 164.4

Virginia 4,916 62.8 13.9 12.2 331.8 276.1 504.7 274.3 410.2 862.1 192.1 414.6 691.7 337.5 532.5

Appalachian Virginia 385 17.3 7.6 1.2 22.9 49.6 47.4 20.7 20.9 35.5 9.8 33.6 53.4 5.4 59.5

West Virginia 935 26.4 39.9 6.5 57.4 59.4 111.3 54.4 55.9 87.1 24.7 116.8 138.8 33.1 123.4



Percent Change 2000-2008 Tota

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United States 9.9% -12.0% 52.2% -5.0% 16.9% -20.6% 2.2% 7.3% 31.0% 16.7% 8.0% 23.7% 16.7% -1.3% 9.5%Appalachia 7.3% -15.0% 39.7% -13.4% 13.7% -24.6% -0.1% 6.9% 31.1% 24.7% 8.0% 23.5% 17.5% -5.0% 10.2%Northern Region 3.7% -10.2% 48.7% -28.5% 9.7% -24.1% -4.0% 7.0% 21.4% 16.5% 5.0% 17.1% 8.0% -8.2% 5.4%North Central Region 6.5% -8.5% 51.0% -9.6% 12.8% -24.4% -2.4% 7.4% 22.5% 17.6% -3.5% 21.7% 13.4% 1.2% 5.2%Central Region 4.7% -21.9% 32.8% -15.5% 12.1% -19.4% -3.0% 0.6% 28.2% 21.6% 7.7% 20.3% 14.8% -0.7% 4.6%South Central Region 7.3% -20.7% 27.8% -13.3% 18.2% -31.1% 1.8% 5.2% 39.0% 25.6% 21.8% 32.6% 20.6% -8.1% 10.6%Southern Region 12.5% -13.0% 17.2% 8.2% 14.9% -21.4% 5.1% 8.8% 41.6% 35.2% 9.1% 31.3% 29.6% -3.8% 19.4%

Alabama 10.0% -10.7% 20.9% -3.3% 14.9% -17.3% 2.1% 3.3% 33.1% 30.5% 2.2% 23.6% 24.7% -7.1% 11.2%

Appalachian Alabama 9.7% -12.0% 18.7% -0.6% 13.4% -18.7% 2.1% 4.3% 31.6% 30.6% 1.1% 24.4% 24.2% -4.1% 12.0%

Georgia 14.8% -12.8% -4.1% 6.2% 18.0% -20.4% 4.2% 9.0% 44.4% 23.9% 0.4% 31.5% 28.8% 4.7% 20.8%

Appalachian Georgia 22.8% -14.0% 15.0% 37.4% 21.3% -13.6% 15.7% 16.0% 52.8% 43.0% 16.8% 45.5% 39.2% 3.0% 39.3%

Kentucky 5.6% -18.9% 41.6% -15.3% 6.6% -19.7% -4.1% 5.8% 31.3% 19.5% 9.4% 19.3% 15.4% 5.4% 7.4%

Appalachian Kentucky 3.8% -21.5% 36.1% -19.5% 7.0% -21.2% -3.9% 2.1% 24.0% 27.3% 6.7% 18.8% 16.2% 0.3% 3.7%

Maryland 13.3% -14.3% 45.0% -5.1% 22.8% -23.6% 1.8% 5.8% 35.7% 23.1% 15.9% 20.4% 16.6% -0.1% 11.3%

Appalachian Maryland 8.1% -8.1% 1.4% -37.3% 22.1% -25.4% 11.1% 0.5% 14.2% 26.6% 45.5% 12.3% 11.2% -1.6% 10.0%

Mississippi 5.2% -18.3% 48.9% -1.4% 25.1% -26.6% -1.3% 5.8% 27.5% 31.5% 9.3% 28.6% 8.9% -7.1% 7.2%

Appalachian Mississippi -1.8% -17.7% 24.2% 8.2% 6.0% -34.8% -4.4% 10.8% 24.8% 34.1% 22.9% 24.7% 16.6% -10.7% 8.1%

New York 9.1% -10.6% 61.1% -4.1% 20.4% -26.1% 5.1% 0.9% 22.8% 13.6% 4.5% 20.5% 16.7% -7.9% 4.7%

Appalachian New York 2.5% -12.1% 51.4% -21.4% 14.4% -17.8% -0.5% 0.3% 28.8% -0.8% 13.7% 9.5% 7.1% -17.5% 6.6%

North Carolina 12.5% -18.8% 21.8% -13.5% 14.9% -31.0% 3.5% 6.7% 43.8% 30.5% 23.6% 41.3% 27.4% 11.3% 16.3%

Appalachian North Carolina 7.2% -17.5% 26.7% -22.5% 16.1% -38.9% 0.6% 3.1% 40.2% 33.8% 20.2% 33.1% 23.6% -8.1% 12.6%

Ohio 0.5% -18.0% 22.0% -10.2% -0.7% -26.8% -9.8% 5.1% 14.1% 10.7% 8.2% 21.4% 5.2% -8.3% 5.0%

Appalachian Ohio -0.7% -16.5% 24.5% -3.5% 5.5% -30.7% -7.1% 11.4% 22.6% 9.7% 3.5% 18.3% 4.2% -8.7% 2.0%

Pennsylvania 7.2% -9.4% 44.6% -35.4% 12.9% -23.4% -2.2% 9.8% 22.7% 21.7% 7.5% 20.6% 12.6% -9.0% 7.1%

Appalachian Pennsylvania 5.4% -7.6% 50.2% -34.4% 9.6% -23.1% -4.0% 8.2% 21.9% 21.3% 2.9% 20.3% 9.2% -6.9% 6.4%

South Carolina 13.4% -7.4% 17.8% 4.1% 13.0% -26.0% 4.7% 12.8% 55.6% 28.3% 16.9% 33.4% 34.3% -3.9% 7.7%

Appalachian South Carolina 8.6% -5.4% 0.1% 2.0% 7.6% -29.6% -2.9% 3.2% 56.0% 31.9% 10.4% 31.7% 31.2% -7.7% 15.5%

Tennessee 8.3% -21.3% 28.4% 4.8% 17.3% -24.8% 1.6% 4.1% 30.3% 16.6% 13.0% 33.3% 21.0% -6.7% 11.3%

Appalachian Tennessee 8.5% -22.7% 23.9% -7.0% 22.1% -24.8% 2.8% 6.1% 38.5% 18.6% 22.8% 34.5% 20.7% -7.2% 10.5%

Virginia 12.4% -15.8% 22.8% 4.5% 18.6% -24.0% 4.6% 5.1% 38.6% 24.4% 1.7% 28.0% 19.2% 1.1% 12.5%

Appalachian Virginia 2.4% -20.7% 9.0% -0.7% 10.1% -27.5% -0.5% 0.9% 39.8% 33.8% 17.6% 19.8% 9.2% -10.7% 7.1%

West Virginia 6.2% -3.7% 59.3% -9.9% 14.9% -23.2% -3.1% 2.4% 16.0% 15.1% -7.9% 15.1% 14.1% 2.0% 3.5%



Industry Share, 2008 Farm

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United States 1.9% 0.6% 0.3% 6.1% 7.8% 10.4% 6.9% 9.6% 13.9% 4.1% 10.2% 14.6% 2.7% 10.8%Appalachia 2.5% 1.0% 0.4% 6.7% 10.9% 11.6% 6.6% 7.4% 11.1% 3.2% 10.7% 14.5% 1.9% 11.5%Northern Region 1.9% 1.0% 0.4% 5.7% 10.3% 11.7% 6.6% 7.5% 10.6% 4.3% 13.2% 14.2% 1.6% 11.0%North Central Region 3.4% 2.6% 0.8% 6.7% 7.1% 12.2% 5.6% 6.7% 9.0% 2.6% 12.2% 14.5% 3.0% 13.7%Central Region 6.0% 4.8% 0.4% 6.7% 9.1% 11.8% 6.0% 5.5% 8.4% 2.4% 10.4% 12.7% 2.1% 13.6%South Central Region 2.8% 0.2% 0.2% 7.5% 11.5% 11.5% 6.5% 7.8% 11.1% 2.8% 10.4% 15.2% 1.5% 11.2%Southern Region 2.0% 0.3% 0.5% 7.4% 12.7% 11.3% 7.0% 7.5% 13.0% 2.7% 7.7% 14.7% 2.1% 11.2%Alabama 2.5% 0.4% 0.5% 6.9% 11.1% 11.0% 6.3% 7.7% 12.1% 2.5% 8.4% 14.8% 3.2% 12.4%Appalachian Alabama 2.3% 0.5% 0.6% 6.9% 11.7% 10.9% 6.2% 7.7% 12.8% 2.5% 8.4% 14.5% 3.2% 11.8%Georgia 1.4% 0.2% 0.4% 6.5% 7.7% 10.2% 8.2% 8.9% 14.9% 4.1% 8.3% 14.8% 3.6% 10.9%Appalachian Georgia 1.4% 0.2% 0.4% 8.7% 12.4% 12.0% 8.0% 7.6% 13.7% 2.7% 7.0% 14.5% 1.2% 10.2%Kentucky 4.2% 1.2% 0.3% 5.9% 10.4% 10.6% 7.8% 7.4% 10.6% 2.9% 9.8% 13.6% 3.8% 11.4%Appalachian Kentucky 6.7% 3.8% 0.4% 6.2% 9.0% 12.2% 6.2% 5.5% 8.1% 2.6% 11.1% 12.8% 2.0% 13.6%Maryland 0.6% 0.1% 0.3% 7.2% 3.9% 10.2% 5.8% 9.9% 16.5% 4.4% 11.0% 14.0% 5.9% 10.0%Appalachian Maryland 1.8% 0.5% 0.3% 6.8% 8.0% 14.2% 7.1% 9.3% 8.6% 3.0% 13.4% 14.2% 1.5% 11.4%Mississippi 3.8% 0.8% 0.5% 7.0% 10.6% 11.0% 6.2% 6.5% 9.6% 2.5% 8.8% 14.6% 3.7% 14.5%Appalachian Mississippi 4.9% 0.3% 0.5% 6.2% 17.3% 11.3% 6.5% 5.4% 8.6% 1.9% 9.0% 12.2% 2.6% 13.2%New York 0.6% 0.1% 0.4% 4.7% 5.0% 9.4% 6.5% 12.0% 14.2% 6.3% 13.3% 13.8% 1.7% 11.9%Appalachian New York 3.0% 0.5% 0.4% 4.9% 11.8% 11.8% 4.6% 6.5% 8.8% 6.1% 12.2% 13.3% 1.0% 15.3%North Carolina 1.6% 0.1% 0.2% 7.1% 9.8% 10.3% 6.4% 8.5% 13.2% 3.4% 9.6% 14.2% 3.7% 11.8%Appalachian North Carolina 2.3% 0.2% 0.2% 8.4% 10.7% 11.0% 5.6% 8.1% 11.1% 3.1% 11.9% 15.2% 1.2% 11.1%Ohio 1.3% 0.4% 0.3% 5.3% 11.2% 10.6% 7.5% 8.5% 13.4% 3.6% 11.9% 13.7% 1.7% 10.8%Appalachian Ohio 3.2% 1.2% 0.7% 6.6% 11.5% 12.6% 6.4% 6.9% 8.5% 2.4% 12.5% 14.1% 1.3% 12.2%Pennsylvania 1.2% 0.5% 0.3% 5.6% 9.1% 10.8% 7.2% 9.0% 13.1% 5.2% 13.2% 13.7% 1.9% 9.1%Appalachian Pennsylvania 1.7% 1.0% 0.4% 5.8% 9.7% 11.5% 6.9% 7.9% 11.3% 4.4% 13.4% 14.2% 1.7% 10.2%South Carolina 1.5% 0.1% 0.5% 6.7% 9.7% 11.1% 5.7% 8.6% 12.2% 2.7% 7.4% 18.2% 3.3% 12.3%Appalachian South Carolina 1.1% 0.1% 0.4% 6.8% 13.5% 11.1% 7.0% 7.5% 14.1% 3.2% 6.4% 16.7% 1.2% 10.8%Tennessee 2.4% 0.2% 0.1% 6.6% 10.0% 10.9% 8.6% 8.4% 12.5% 3.2% 9.7% 15.2% 2.0% 10.1%Appalachian Tennessee 3.1% 0.3% 0.1% 7.4% 11.5% 11.6% 7.1% 8.0% 11.3% 2.5% 9.7% 15.1% 1.8% 10.5%Virginia 1.3% 0.3% 0.2% 6.7% 5.6% 10.3% 5.6% 8.3% 17.5% 3.9% 8.4% 14.1% 6.9% 10.8%Appalachian Virginia 4.5% 2.0% 0.3% 6.0% 12.9% 12.3% 5.4% 5.4% 9.2% 2.5% 8.7% 13.9% 1.4% 15.5%West Virginia 2.8% 4.3% 0.7% 6.1% 6.4% 11.9% 5.8% 6.0% 9.3% 2.6% 12.5% 14.9% 3.5% 13.2%



Employment Index, 2008 (ratio to U.S. share) Fa

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United States 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Appalachia 1.31 1.58 1.25 1.09 1.41 1.12 0.95 0.77 0.80 0.79 1.05 0.99 0.70 1.06Northern Region 1.01 1.54 1.27 0.93 1.33 1.13 0.95 0.79 0.76 1.05 1.29 0.97 0.58 1.01North Central Region 1.80 4.04 2.32 1.09 0.92 1.17 0.81 0.70 0.65 0.63 1.19 0.99 1.10 1.27Central Region 3.15 7.63 1.13 1.09 1.18 1.14 0.87 0.57 0.60 0.58 1.01 0.87 0.78 1.26South Central Region 1.44 0.36 0.53 1.22 1.48 1.11 0.94 0.82 0.79 0.68 1.02 1.04 0.57 1.03Southern Region 1.05 0.48 1.43 1.21 1.63 1.09 1.00 0.78 0.93 0.65 0.75 1.01 0.79 1.04Alabama 1.31 0.68 1.64 1.13 1.43 1.06 0.91 0.80 0.87 0.62 0.83 1.02 1.19 1.15Appalachian Alabama 1.20 0.80 1.80 1.12 1.51 1.05 0.89 0.81 0.92 0.61 0.82 1.00 1.18 1.09Georgia 0.74 0.26 1.20 1.06 0.99 0.98 1.19 0.92 1.07 1.00 0.81 1.02 1.33 1.01Appalachian Georgia 0.75 0.25 1.09 1.41 1.60 1.15 1.16 0.79 0.98 0.67 0.69 0.99 0.44 0.95Kentucky 2.18 1.96 0.89 0.97 1.34 1.03 1.13 0.77 0.76 0.72 0.96 0.93 1.40 1.05Appalachian Kentucky 3.48 6.05 1.27 1.01 1.16 1.17 0.90 0.57 0.58 0.63 1.08 0.88 0.73 1.25Maryland 0.33 0.18 0.97 1.17 0.51 0.99 0.83 1.04 1.19 1.08 1.08 0.96 2.20 0.92Appalachian Maryland 0.92 0.73 0.83 1.11 1.03 1.36 1.02 0.97 0.61 0.75 1.31 0.97 0.58 1.05Mississippi 1.96 1.19 1.58 1.15 1.36 1.06 0.89 0.68 0.69 0.62 0.86 1.00 1.38 1.34Appalachian Mississippi 2.57 0.47 1.57 1.01 2.23 1.09 0.94 0.56 0.62 0.48 0.88 0.84 0.97 1.22New York 0.30 0.20 1.10 0.77 0.65 0.91 0.94 1.25 1.02 1.55 1.30 0.95 0.61 1.10Appalachian New York 1.54 0.85 1.20 0.79 1.52 1.13 0.66 0.67 0.63 1.50 1.19 0.91 0.36 1.42North Carolina 0.84 0.21 0.77 1.16 1.26 0.99 0.93 0.88 0.95 0.84 0.94 0.97 1.37 1.09Appalachian North Carolina 1.22 0.29 0.70 1.36 1.37 1.06 0.81 0.84 0.80 0.76 1.16 1.04 0.43 1.03Ohio 0.70 0.57 1.02 0.86 1.45 1.02 1.08 0.89 0.96 0.87 1.16 0.94 0.62 0.99Appalachian Ohio 1.65 1.90 2.05 1.08 1.48 1.21 0.92 0.72 0.61 0.59 1.22 0.97 0.49 1.13Pennsylvania 0.65 0.80 0.94 0.91 1.17 1.04 1.03 0.94 0.94 1.29 1.29 0.94 0.71 0.84Appalachian Pennsylvania 0.88 1.57 1.21 0.94 1.25 1.11 0.99 0.82 0.81 1.07 1.31 0.97 0.65 0.95South Carolina 0.81 0.18 1.55 1.10 1.25 1.07 0.83 0.90 0.87 0.66 0.72 1.24 1.23 1.13Appalachian South Carolina 0.59 0.16 1.12 1.11 1.74 1.07 1.02 0.79 1.01 0.80 0.63 1.14 0.45 1.00Tennessee 1.27 0.33 0.33 1.08 1.29 1.05 1.23 0.88 0.90 0.79 0.95 1.04 0.72 0.94Appalachian Tennessee 1.61 0.46 0.34 1.20 1.48 1.12 1.03 0.84 0.81 0.62 0.95 1.03 0.68 0.97Virginia 0.66 0.45 0.76 1.10 0.72 0.99 0.81 0.87 1.26 0.96 0.82 0.96 2.55 1.00Appalachian Virginia 2.34 3.13 0.98 0.97 1.66 1.19 0.78 0.57 0.66 0.62 0.85 0.95 0.52 1.43West Virginia 1.47 6.73 2.14 1.00 0.82 1.15 0.84 0.62 0.67 0.65 1.22 1.02 1.31 1.22


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