Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at...

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Structure and Structure and Function of the Function of the Cell Cell Chapter 4 Chapter 4

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Transcript of Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at...

Page 1: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Structure and Function Structure and Function of the Cellof the Cell

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Page 2: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

4.1 Discovering the cell…4.1 Discovering the cell…

1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes– He named them “cells”

1673 – Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see living cells

Page 3: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Fast Forward…150 years!Fast Forward…150 years!

Schleiden – all plants are composed of cells

Schwann – all animals are composed of – all animals are composed of cellscells

Virchow – cells come only from other cells – cells come only from other cells

These three scientists’ work lead to the These three scientists’ work lead to the modern modern CELL THEORYCELL THEORY

Page 4: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

The Cell TheoryThe Cell Theory

1. All living things are composed of cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of an organism

3. Cells only come from the reproduction of preexisting cells.

Page 5: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Cell DiversityCell Diversity

Red Blood Cells Bacterial Cells

Parasitic CellUlcer causing bacteria cells

Page 6: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Your body has over 200 different Your body has over 200 different types of cells!types of cells!

Page 7: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Cell SizeCell Size

Most cells are microscopic

Cell size is limited by the surface area tovolume ratio

Page 8: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Cell ShapeCell Shape

Shape is determined by the function Shape is determined by the function of the cellof the cell

Page 9: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Internal OrganizationInternal Organization

ProkaryoticProkaryotic Vs.Vs. Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells

“Before Nucleus”

No Nucleus or Membrane organelles

Single cell organisms

“True Nucleus”

Yes Nucleus and Membrane organelles

Multicellular and singleCell organisms

Page 10: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Surface Area to Volume RatioSurface Area to Volume Ratio

Surface AreaSurface Area : L x W x # of sides : L x W x # of sides

VolumeVolume: L x W x H: L x W x H

RatioRatio : surface area/volume : surface area/volume

Page 11: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Now you try….Now you try….

1.1. Obtain a copy of the lab: Modeling Obtain a copy of the lab: Modeling Cells: Surface Area to Volume AND Cells: Surface Area to Volume AND box paperbox paper

2.2. Cut out boxes and tape them Cut out boxes and tape them together (3 boxes total)together (3 boxes total)

3.3. Complete lab worksheet about Complete lab worksheet about surface area to volume ratiosurface area to volume ratio

Page 12: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

All Eukaryotic Cells Have…All Eukaryotic Cells Have…

1.1. A cell membraneA cell membrane

2.2. A nucleusA nucleus

3.3. Other organellesOther organelles

Page 13: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Parts of the Eukaryotic CellParts of the Eukaryotic Cell

The structures are determined by the functions of each part

Page 14: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

1. Cell Membrane1. Cell Membrane

FunctionFunction: outer layer of a cell that : outer layer of a cell that allow substances into and out of the allow substances into and out of the cellcell

Selectively permeableSelectively permeable – allows only – allows only certain things to cross the membranecertain things to cross the membrane

Page 15: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –
Page 16: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Parts of the MembraneParts of the Membrane

Membrane Lipids– Phospholipids

arranged due to their hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends

– Lipid bilayer– Steroid

(cholesterol) embedded within

Page 17: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Parts of the Membrane (cont)Parts of the Membrane (cont)

Membrane ProteinsMembrane Proteins– Peripheral proteinsPeripheral proteins

– attached to either – attached to either side of the cell side of the cell membranemembrane

– Integral proteinsIntegral proteins – – embedded within embedded within the cell membrane the cell membrane and extends out on and extends out on both sidesboth sides

Page 18: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Fluid Mosaic ModelFluid Mosaic Model

Membrane behaves like a liquidMembrane behaves like a liquid– Lateral movement of lipids and proteinsLateral movement of lipids and proteins

MosaicMosaic – changing pattern of proteins – changing pattern of proteins and lipids in the membraneand lipids in the membrane

Page 19: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

OrganellesOrganelles

““Mini organs” of the cellMini organs” of the cell

Each organelle has its own structure Each organelle has its own structure and functionand function

All cells have different types and All cells have different types and numbers of organellesnumbers of organelles

Page 20: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

NucleusNucleus

FunctionFunction: to store the hereditary : to store the hereditary information of the cell (DNA) and to information of the cell (DNA) and to control the cellcontrol the cell

Contains: nuclear envelope, nuclear Contains: nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleolus, and chromatin pores, nucleolus, and chromatin (chromosomes)(chromosomes)

Page 21: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

MitochondriaMitochondria

Function: Function: makes makes ATPATP

““Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the Cell”Cell”

Page 22: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumRough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Function: Function: Makes Makes proteins, proteins, glycoproteins, and glycoproteins, and membranes for membranes for export out of the export out of the cellcell

Covered in Covered in ribosomesribosomes

Page 23: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Function: Function: Makes Makes lipids, metabolizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, and carbohydrates, and detoxification detoxification center for the cellcenter for the cell

Page 24: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

RibosomesRibosomes

Function:Function: Protein Protein synthesis synthesis

Attached to E.R. Attached to E.R. or free in or free in cytoplasmcytoplasm

Made in nucleus Made in nucleus and completed in and completed in cytoplasmcytoplasm

Page 25: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus Function:Function:

Manufacturing, Manufacturing, warehousing, sorting, warehousing, sorting, and shipping materials and shipping materials out of the cellout of the cell

Page 26: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

LysosomesLysosomes

Function:Function: Digests Digests (breaks down) (breaks down) macromolecules macromolecules the are in the cell, the are in the cell, such as proteins such as proteins and carbs.and carbs.

Also breaks down Also breaks down dead cellsdead cells

Page 27: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

PeroxisomesPeroxisomes Function:Function: Breaks Breaks

down fatty acidsdown fatty acids

Detoxification Detoxification center in liver cellscenter in liver cells

Page 28: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

CytoskeletonCytoskeleton

Function:Function: Support Support system of the cell, aid system of the cell, aid in movement within in movement within the cellthe cell

3 Structural Types:3 Structural Types:

microtubulesmicrotubules

microfilamentsmicrofilaments

intermediate filamentsintermediate filaments

Page 29: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

CytoplasmCytoplasm

Function:Function: Holds Holds organelles in the organelles in the cellcell

Site of all chemical Site of all chemical reactions in cellreactions in cell

Page 30: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Cilia and FlagellaCilia and Flagella

Function: Function: Locomotion and Locomotion and movement of movement of materials around materials around the cellthe cell

Animal cells onlyAnimal cells only

Page 31: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Cell WallCell Wall

Function:Function: Protects Protects the cell, gives the the cell, gives the cell shape and cell shape and structural supportstructural support

Plant cellsPlant cells

Page 32: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

ChloroplastsChloroplasts

Function: Function: PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Makes energy from Makes energy from the sunthe sun

In plant cellsIn plant cells

Page 33: Structure and Function of the Cell Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell… 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes –

Central VacuoleCentral Vacuole

Function:Function: Stores Stores materials materials especially water especially water and waste productsand waste products

In plant cellsIn plant cells


Cell Discovery and Theory History of the Cell Theory In 1665, Robert Hooke invented the first simple microscope. He looked at a cork.

Cell Discovery and Theory History of the Cell Theory In 1665, Robert Hooke invented the first simple microscope. He looked at a cork.

CELL THEORY A Brief History. Robert Hooke named the cell [1665] based on observations of the cell walls of cork tissue.

CELL THEORY A Brief History. Robert Hooke named the cell [1665] based on observations of the cell walls of cork tissue.

Chapter 7 – The Cell I.A View of the Cell A.Contributing Scientists who came up with ideas about the cell: 1.Hooke (1665) – first saw cork cells & named.

Chapter 7 – The Cell I.A View of the Cell A.Contributing Scientists who came up with ideas about the cell: 1.Hooke (1665) – first saw cork cells & named.

Chapter 3 Review of the Cell By: Cortney. Basic Concepts of the Cell Theory In 1665, a scientist named Robert Hooke first described what cells really.

Chapter 3 Review of the Cell By: Cortney. Basic Concepts of the Cell Theory In 1665, a scientist named Robert Hooke first described what cells really.

Cells and Cell Processes - Alun School...Cells and Cell Processes Cell Theory Cells were first described by Robert Hooke in 1665. In the 1830s two German scientists, Theodor Schwann

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Cells Chapter 2 Page 48. Cell theory: Robert Hooke first looked at and described cells in 1665. The word “cell” means “little room” in Latin. Cell theory:

Cells Chapter 2 Page 48. Cell theory: Robert Hooke first looked at and described cells in 1665. The word “cell” means “little room” in Latin. Cell theory:

Cell Structure and Function Unit 7. 1 Robert Hooke named cell while looking at cork in 1665.

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Chapter 4 Cell Structure. I. Cell Theory (4.1) Hooke first observed cells 1665 Leeuwenhoek first observed live cells. 1838-9 Schleiden and Schwann.

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CYTOLOGY: Cell structure and function. Robert Hooke The first person to identify and see cells. 1665. Coined the term “cell”

CYTOLOGY: Cell structure and function. Robert Hooke The first person to identify and see cells. 1665. Coined the term “cell”

CELLS AND CELL THEORY. CELL SCIENTISTS Robert Hooke-1665, observed small cavities in cork which he called cells.

CELLS AND CELL THEORY. CELL SCIENTISTS Robert Hooke-1665, observed small cavities in cork which he called cells.

History of the Cell Robert Hooke (1665) – Used compound scope to examine thin cork slices. Coined the term “cell” referring to the many little boxes.

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A Tour of the Cell . Cells were first discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke The accumulation of scientific evidence led to the ‘cell theory’

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A Tour of the Cell (Chapter 6). The Discovery of the Cell: Hooke In 1665, Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a thin slice of cork,

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The Cell The basic unit of life. Cell History Cytology- study of cells 1665 English Scientist Robert Hooke Used a microscope to examine cork (plant) Hooke.

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Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

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Cell Structure and Function - Winston-Salem/Forsyth · Web viewThe Discovery of the Cell A. Robert Hooke - 1665 1. The word "cell" was first used in late 1665 by Robert Hooke. He looked

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Cells. Robert Hooke -1665 In his book, entitled Micrographia, Hooke was the first to use the term cell From the Latin “cella” meaning “small chamber”

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