Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined...

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Chapter 5 Chapter 5 Cell Cell Structure and Structure and Function Function

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Transcript of Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined...

Page 1: Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

Chapter 5 Chapter 5

Cell Structure Cell Structure and Functionand Function

Page 2: Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

I. The history of cell studyI. The history of cell study

A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork the word cell, looked at cork cellscells

B. Robert Brown—1831—B. Robert Brown—1831—discovered the "nucleus"discovered the "nucleus"

Page 3: Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

I. The history of cell studyI. The history of cell study

C. Theodor Schwann—1838—C. Theodor Schwann—1838—viewed animal cells in cartilageviewed animal cells in cartilage1. Cells are the elementary 1. Cells are the elementary

particles of plants and animalsparticles of plants and animals

D. Mattias Schleiden—Cells are the D. Mattias Schleiden—Cells are the fundamental basis of lifefundamental basis of life

E. Virchow—1858—All cells come E. Virchow—1858—All cells come from cellsfrom cells

Page 4: Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

I. The history of cell studyI. The history of cell study

F. Cell theoryF. Cell theory1. All living things are composed of 1. All living things are composed of

one or more cellsone or more cells2. Cells are the basic unit of 2. Cells are the basic unit of

structure and functionstructure and function3. All cells come from preexisting 3. All cells come from preexisting

cellscells

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II. Attributes of cellsII. Attributes of cells

A. Cell sizeA. Cell size1. 1–100µm1. 1–100µm2. Why is there a limit to cell size?2. Why is there a limit to cell size?

a. Surface-to-volume a. Surface-to-volume ratioratio

b. Distance from b. Distance from surface to centersurface to center

Page 6: Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

II. Attributes of cellsII. Attributes of cells

B. Cell typesB. Cell types1. Prokaryotic—no nucleus, 1. Prokaryotic—no nucleus,

circular DNA, ribosomescircular DNA, ribosomes2. Eukaryotic—larger, nucleus, 2. Eukaryotic—larger, nucleus,

linear chromosomes, linear chromosomes, membranous organellesmembranous organelles

Page 7: Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

A. All cells possess a plasma A. All cells possess a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic membrane, cytoplasm, genetic materialmaterial1. Plasma membrane has 1. Plasma membrane has

phospholipid bilayer, embedded phospholipid bilayer, embedded glycoproteinsglycoproteins

a. Isolates cytoplasm a. Isolates cytoplasm from environmentfrom environment

b. Regulates molecular b. Regulates molecular movement into and movement into and out of cellout of cell

c. Interacts with other c. Interacts with other cells/environmentcells/environment

Page 8: Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

A. All cells possess a plasma A. All cells possess a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material (cont.)material (cont.)2. Genetic material—DNA, found in 2. Genetic material—DNA, found in

the nucleus (of eukaryotes)the nucleus (of eukaryotes)3. Cytoplasm—water, salts, organic 3. Cytoplasm—water, salts, organic

monomers and polymersmonomers and polymersa. Contains a. Contains

organellesorganelles

Page 9: Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

B. OrganellesB. Organelles1. Endoplasmic reticulum consists of 1. Endoplasmic reticulum consists of

folded membranes attached to the folded membranes attached to the nucleusnucleus

a. Rough ER is site of a. Rough ER is site of protein synthesis and protein synthesis and protein secretionprotein secretion

2. Ribosomes assemble amino acid 2. Ribosomes assemble amino acid monomers into polypeptide chainsmonomers into polypeptide chains

a. Associated with the a. Associated with the ERER

b. Composed of RNA b. Composed of RNA and proteinsand proteins

Page 10: Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

B. Organelles (cont.)B. Organelles (cont.)3. Golgi apparatus (dictyosomes) are 3. Golgi apparatus (dictyosomes) are

membranous sacs associated membranous sacs associated with ERwith ER

a. Processing and a. Processing and transport of transport of proteins, lipidsproteins, lipids

b. Synthesis and b. Synthesis and transport of transport of polysaccharidespolysaccharides

4. Lysosomes are Golgi-derived 4. Lysosomes are Golgi-derived vesicles containing digestive vesicles containing digestive enzymesenzymes

Page 11: Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

B. Organelles (cont.)B. Organelles (cont.)5. Mitochondria provide energy for 5. Mitochondria provide energy for

cellular functions (respiration)cellular functions (respiration)a. Membrane bound, a. Membrane bound,

numerousnumerousb. Matrix/ cristaeb. Matrix/ cristaec. Have their own c. Have their own

DNA and DNA and ribosomes; self-ribosomes; self-replicatereplicate

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III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

B. Organelles (cont.)B. Organelles (cont.)6. Plastids6. Plastids

a. Chloroplasts—function a. Chloroplasts—function in photosynthesisin photosynthesis

1) Green—contain 1) Green—contain chlorophyll pigmentchlorophyll pigment2) Stroma/grana 2) Stroma/grana

(thylakoid stacks)(thylakoid stacks)3) Have their own DNA 3) Have their own DNA

and ribosomes; self-and ribosomes; self-replicatereplicate4) Up to 100 per cell4) Up to 100 per cell

b. Mitochondria, plastids, b. Mitochondria, plastids, and the endosymbiont and the endosymbiont hypothesishypothesis

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III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

B. Organelles (cont.)B. Organelles (cont.)7. Vacuoles7. Vacuoles

a. Large, water-filled a. Large, water-filled spaces (cell sap)spaces (cell sap)

b. Can take up over b. Can take up over 90% of cell 90% of cell volumevolume

c. Surrounded by c. Surrounded by tonoplast (a tonoplast (a single membrane)single membrane)

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III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

B. Organelles (cont.)B. Organelles (cont.)7. Vacuoles (cont.)7. Vacuoles (cont.)

d. Functions:d. Functions:1) Storage of 1) Storage of

red/blue red/blue anthocyanins, anthocyanins, acids, salts, acids, salts, wasteswastes2) Maintain cell 2) Maintain cell

pressure (turgor pressure (turgor pressure)—pressure)—wiltingwilting

Page 15: Chapter 5 Cell Structure and Function. I. The history of cell study A. Robert Hooke—1665—coined the word cell, looked at cork cells B. Robert Brown—1831—

III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

B. Organelles (cont.)B. Organelles (cont.)8. Nucleus is control center of the 8. Nucleus is control center of the

cellcella. Membrane bound a. Membrane bound

(nuclear (nuclear envelope)envelope)

b. Contains nucleoli; b. Contains nucleoli; synthesizes synthesizes ribosomal RNAribosomal RNA

c. DNA in c. DNA in chromosomes chromosomes (DNA and (DNA and proteins)proteins)

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III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

C. Cell walls in plant cells, C. Cell walls in plant cells, prokaryotic cells, fungiprokaryotic cells, fungi1. Polysaccharide composition1. Polysaccharide composition2. Function: support, protection2. Function: support, protection

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III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

D. Cytoskeleton of protein fibers D. Cytoskeleton of protein fibers (microfilaments, microtubules)(microfilaments, microtubules)1. Cell shape1. Cell shape2. Cell movement2. Cell movement3. Organelle movement3. Organelle movement4. Cell division4. Cell division

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III. Cell structureIII. Cell structure

E. Cilia and flagella are protein E. Cilia and flagella are protein microtubule extensions of the microtubule extensions of the plasma membraneplasma membrane1. Aid in movement of simple 1. Aid in movement of simple

organismsorganisms

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IV. Cell functionIV. Cell function

A. Protein assemblyA. Protein assemblyB. MetabolismB. Metabolism

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Cell Theory Robert Hooke observed compartments in a thin slice of cork. He named them cells.

Cell Theory Robert Hooke observed compartments in a thin slice of cork. He named them cells.

[PPT]The Cell · Web viewThe Cell The basic unit of life Cell History The study of cells is called cytology. Robert Hooke was the first scientist to use the word cell. Robert Brown

[PPT]The Cell · Web viewThe Cell The basic unit of life Cell History The study of cells is called cytology. Robert Hooke was the first scientist to use the word cell. Robert Brown

By Lana Brown Robert Hooke. Robert Hooke discovered cells and named them. Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665 He was the first to discover cells by.

By Lana Brown Robert Hooke. Robert Hooke discovered cells and named them. Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665 He was the first to discover cells by.

DISCOVERING THE CELL Chapter 4. Discovering the Cell Robert Hooke – Simplistic microscope to examine cork – Referred to compartments as ‘cellulae’ Origin.

DISCOVERING THE CELL Chapter 4. Discovering the Cell Robert Hooke – Simplistic microscope to examine cork – Referred to compartments as ‘cellulae’ Origin.

Robert hooke

Robert hooke

A View of the Cell Cell Structure & Function. Discovering the Cell Robert Hooke – used a microscope to study cork coined the term “cell” Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

A View of the Cell Cell Structure & Function. Discovering the Cell Robert Hooke – used a microscope to study cork coined the term “cell” Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

The Plant Cell. EARLY STUDIES OF CELLS n English scientist Robert Hooke was the first person to describe cells in 1665. n Hooke examined the microscopic.

The Plant Cell. EARLY STUDIES OF CELLS n English scientist Robert Hooke was the first person to describe cells in 1665. n Hooke examined the microscopic.

Cell Structure & Function. A Little History 1600’s – cork cells – Robert Hooke.

Cell Structure & Function. A Little History 1600’s – cork cells – Robert Hooke.

Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor.

Cell Structure & Function. Robert Hooke-1665 Coined the word “cell” Looked at cork cells Robert Brown -1831 Discovered the "nucleus" Theodor.

CELL THEORY A Brief History. Robert Hooke named the cell [1665] based on observations of the cell walls of cork tissue.

CELL THEORY A Brief History. Robert Hooke named the cell [1665] based on observations of the cell walls of cork tissue.

Robert Hooke 1665 coined the word `cell’ for the box-like structures of cork.

Robert Hooke 1665 coined the word `cell’ for the box-like structures of cork.

Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7. Cell History Robert Hooke (1635- 1703)Robert Hooke (1635- 1703) Viewed slices of cork under a crude compound microscopeViewed.

Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7. Cell History Robert Hooke (1635- 1703)Robert Hooke (1635- 1703) Viewed slices of cork under a crude compound microscopeViewed.

Micrographia, by Robert Hooke - Library · 2016-10-03 · Micrographia, by Robert Hooke Rare Books Collection, University of Melbourne Library Robert Hooke (English, 1635–1703)

Micrographia, by Robert Hooke - Library · 2016-10-03 · Micrographia, by Robert Hooke Rare Books Collection, University of Melbourne Library Robert Hooke (English, 1635–1703)

5 th Grade Mrs. Pidgeon Vocabulary CELL VIDEO A-6 Who discovered that cells exist? Robert Hooke discovered the cell.

5 th Grade Mrs. Pidgeon Vocabulary CELL VIDEO A-6 Who discovered that cells exist? Robert Hooke discovered the cell.

Cell Theory & The Scientists Involved Robert Hooke.

Cell Theory & The Scientists Involved Robert Hooke.

CELL DISCOVE RY AND THEORY 7.1. History of the Cell Theory 1665: Robert Hooke discovered cellulae using a microscope and cork Cell: basic structural.

CELL DISCOVE RY AND THEORY 7.1. History of the Cell Theory 1665: Robert Hooke discovered cellulae using a microscope and cork Cell: basic structural.

Microscopes. Micrographia Robert HookeRobert Hooke 16651665 First report of cell structureFirst report of cell structure corkcork First illustrated book.

Microscopes. Micrographia Robert HookeRobert Hooke 16651665 First report of cell structureFirst report of cell structure corkcork First illustrated book.

Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function. 7.1 The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke –Discovered 1 st cell –Observed dead cork cells –Named the cell: basic.

Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function. 7.1 The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke –Discovered 1 st cell –Observed dead cork cells –Named the cell: basic.

Cell Structure and Function - Winston-Salem/Forsyth · Web viewThe Discovery of the Cell A. Robert Hooke - 1665 1. The word "cell" was first used in late 1665 by Robert Hooke. He looked

Cell Structure and Function - Winston-Salem/Forsyth · Web viewThe Discovery of the Cell A. Robert Hooke - 1665 1. The word "cell" was first used in late 1665 by Robert Hooke. He looked

Cells. Robert Hooke -1665 In his book, entitled Micrographia, Hooke was the first to use the term cell From the Latin “cella” meaning “small chamber”

Cells. Robert Hooke -1665 In his book, entitled Micrographia, Hooke was the first to use the term cell From the Latin “cella” meaning “small chamber”