STOMATITIS ppt

5/28/2018 STOMATITIS ppt

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GROUP 6


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Stomatitis, a general term for an inflamed and soremouth, can disrupt a person's ability to eat, talk, and

sleep. Stomatitis can occur anywhere in the mouth,including the inside of the cheeks, gums, tongue,lips, and palate.

Definition


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Depending upon its cause, stomatitis may or maynot be contagious. Herpes stomatitis is considered

contagious. Children may be exposed throughkissing, sharing food, or playing in close contact withothers who have an active herpes infection, such as acold sore . Aphthous stomatitis is not contagious.

Transmission
http://www.healthofchildren.com/C/Cold-Sore.htmlhttp://www.healthofchildren.com/C/Cold-Sore.html


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Though stomatitis may occur at any time during a

child's growth, different types affect children at

different times. Herpes stomatitis can occuranywhere between six months and five years of agebut is most common in children one to two years oldwho have not been exposed to the herpes virusbefore. Aphthous stomatitis begins in childhood or

adolescence, with peak onset in those aged ten to 19years. Aphthous ulcers may be more common infemales than males. Children of highersocioeconomic status may be more affected thanthose who are from lower socioeconomic groups.

Demographycs


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Causes

A number of factors can cause stomatitis. Cheek biting, braces, orjagged teeth may persistently irritate the oral structures. Chronicmouth breathing due to plugged nasal airways may cause drynessof the mouth tissues, which in turn leads to irritation. The cause of

herpes stomatitis is the herpes virus type 1 (not to be confusedwith genital herpes, which is caused by the herpes virus type 2 andis a sexually transmitted disease). The cause of aphthous stomatitisis unknown, although several factors are suspected. There may bean inherited tendency to develop cancer sores and there may also

be an immune system link. In addition, they may be triggered byemotional stress; nutritional deficiencies of iron, folic acid , orvitamin B12; menstrual periods; food allergies ; or viral infections.They may occur with no identifiable cause.

Cause and Symptoms
http://www.healthofchildren.com/E-F/Folic-Acid.htmlhttp://www.healthofchildren.com/E-F/Folic-Acid.html


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SymptomsStomatitis is characterized by pain or discomfort in themouth and the presence of open sores or ulcers in the mouth.

Herpes stomatitis may cause the following symptoms:

fever , sometimes as high as 101104F (38.340C), whichmay precede the appearance of blisters and ulcers by oneor two days

irritability and restlessness

blisters in the mouth, often on the tongue or cheeks orroof of the mouth, which then pop and form ulcers (Theseulcers are usually small [about one to five millimeters indiameter], grayish white in the middle, and red aroundthe edges.)

swollen gums, which may be irritated and bleed pain in the mouth drooling difficulty swallowing foul-smelling breath
http://www.healthofchildren.com/P/Pain.htmlhttp://www.healthofchildren.com/E-F/Fever.htmlhttp://www.healthofchildren.com/E-F/Fever.htmlhttp://www.healthofchildren.com/P/Pain.html


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Aphthous stomatitis may cause the followingsymptoms:

burning or tingling sensation in the mouth prior to theonset of other symptoms

skin lesions on the mucous membranes of the mouth,which begin as a red spot or bump, then develop intoan open ulcer, which is usually small (one to twomillimeters to one centimeter in diameter) (The ulcerscan be single or break out in clusters. The ulcers arepainful, and the center appears white or yellow with afibrous texture. The border of the sore may be bright

red.)


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The treatment of stomatitis is based upon theproblem causing it. For all types, local cleansing and

good oral hygiene is fundamental. Sharp-edgedfoods such as peanuts, tacos, and potato chipsshould be avoided. A soft-bristled toothbrush shouldbe used, and the teeth and gums should be brushed

carefully. If toothbrushing is too painful, the childshould rinse out his mouth with plain water aftereach meal. Local factors, such as sharp teeth orbraces, can be addressed by a dentist or orthodontist.

Treatments
http://www.healthofchildren.com/N-O/Oral-Hygiene.htmlhttp://www.healthofchildren.com/N-O/Oral-Hygiene.html


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In herpes stomatitis, the most important part of treatment

is for parents to keep their child drinking as normally aspossible. Bland fluids such as apple juice, liquid flavoredgelatin, or lukewarm broth are easiest to drink. Suckingon a Popsicle or sherbet may be soothing. Citrus juicesand spicy or salty foods should be avoided. In the eventof severe disease, the doctor may use intravenous fluids

to prevent dehydration . Acetaminophen may be usedfor temperatures over 101F (38.3C) and to address pain.Medicines that numb the mouth, like viscous lidocaine ortopical anesthetics only last for a brief time and, bynumbing the mouth, may cause your child to furtherinjure damaged tissues without knowing it. Antibiotics

are of no help in treating herpes stomatitis. However, ifthe case is particularly severe, the doctor may prescribean antiviral medication such as acyclovir which, if givenat the beginning of the outbreak, may help clear things upfaster.

Herpes stomatitis treatment
http://www.healthofchildren.com/D/Dehydration.htmlhttp://www.healthofchildren.com/D/Dehydration.html


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Medical treatment is usually not necessary for aphthous

stomatitis, unless the ulcers are severe (larger than onecentimeter or lasting longer than two weeks). In this casemedical evaluation and treatment may be indicated, andtopical or oral tetracycline may be given. However,tetracycline is usually not prescribed for children untilafter all of their permanent teeth have erupted, as it canpermanently discolor teeth that are still forming. Avoidhot or spicy foods to minimize discomfort. Mild mouth

washes such as salt water or over-the-countermouthwashes may help. Over-the-counter topicalmedications applied to the ulcerated area may reducediscomfort and sooth the area. To prevent bacterialinfections from developing, parents should encourage

their child to brush and floss teeth regularly.

Aphthous stomatitistreatment


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Placing a spent tea bag on a canker sore may providecomfort. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a component of

some toothpastes, is a potential cause of cankersores. In one study, most recurrent canker sores wereeliminated just by avoiding SLS-containingtoothpaste for three months.

Alternative treatment


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Some physicians may recommend a variety of

dietary measures to treat stomatitis. These mayinclude eating cottage cheese, buttermilk, andyogurt, as well as foods high in B vitamins . Somedoctors may recommend supplementation with folic

acid, iron, or vitamin B12.

Nutritional concerns
http://www.healthofchildren.com/U-Z/Vitamins.htmlhttp://www.healthofchildren.com/U-Z/Vitamins.html


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The prognosis for the resolution of stomatitis isbased upon the cause of the problem. Many mouth

ulcers are benign and resolve without specifictreatment. In the case of herpes stomatitis, completerecovery is expected within ten days without anymedical intervention. Oral acyclovir may speed up

recovery. Most children are minimallyinconvenienced by aphthous stomatitis, becauseattacks are usually infrequent and only last a fewdays.

Prognosis


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Stomatitis caused by irritants can be prevented by

good oral hygiene, regular dental checkups, andgood dietary habits. Because so many adults andchildren carry the herpes virus, and because they canpass it on even if they have no symptoms, there is nopractical way to prevent herpes stomatitis. Parentscan, however, discourage their child from kissing,sharing food, or playing in close contact with peoplewho have an active herpes infection.

Prevention


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Canker sores may be minimized by teaching childrento avoid trauma, even minor trauma, to the mouth,such as hard toothbrushes and rough foods. If thedoctor has determined that the child has anutritional deficiency, parents can insure that thechild is taking the appropriate supplements andeating the recommended foods. Avoiding stressful

situations may also be beneficial.


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http://www.healthofchildren.com/S/Stomatitis.html

http://www.healthline.com/health/stomatitis http://www.webmd.com/oral-

health/guide/stomatitis-causes-treatment

http://www.joponline.org/doi/abs/10.1902/jop.19

95.66.11.990 http://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v185/n8/abs

/4809821a.html

References
http://www.healthofchildren.com/S/Stomatitis.htmlhttp://www.healthofchildren.com/S/Stomatitis.htmlhttp://www.healthline.com/health/stomatitishttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/stomatitis-causes-treatmenthttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/stomatitis-causes-treatmenthttp://www.joponline.org/doi/abs/10.1902/jop.1995.66.11.990http://www.joponline.org/doi/abs/10.1902/jop.1995.66.11.990http://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v185/n8/abs/4809821a.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v185/n8/abs/4809821a.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v185/n8/abs/4809821a.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v185/n8/abs/4809821a.htmlhttp://www.joponline.org/doi/abs/10.1902/jop.1995.66.11.990http://www.joponline.org/doi/abs/10.1902/jop.1995.66.11.990http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/stomatitis-causes-treatmenthttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/stomatitis-causes-treatmenthttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/stomatitis-causes-treatmenthttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/stomatitis-causes-treatmenthttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/stomatitis-causes-treatmenthttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/stomatitis-causes-treatmenthttp://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/stomatitis-causes-treatmenthttp://www.healthline.com/health/stomatitishttp://www.healthofchildren.com/S/Stomatitis.htmlhttp://www.healthofchildren.com/S/Stomatitis.html


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