quTaisic qalaqia `meore dedaqalaqis~ mSenebloba gv. 27 ori...

fasi 2 lari

# 53 / 22 - 28 noemberi / 2010

quTaisic qalaqia _ meore dedaqalaqis~ mSenebloba gv. 27

ori azri: saatestato gamocdebi _ saWiroa, Tu ara? gv. 06

rusuli kavkasofobiis fenomenis Sesaxeb gv. 12

Cerqezebi _ pirveli genocidi Tanamedrove evropaSi gv. 09

safrangeTi: axali Zveli mTavroba gv. 08

Tanamedrove CineTi: msoflios mTavari Tavsatexi gv. 36

feisbuqi da piradi informacia gv. 30

fexburTi, rogorc politika gv. 41

kaxa Tolordava: adandali vandali gv. 44

erTi qali _ ori cxovrebagv. 14

nomerSi:

02 liberalis vebgverdidan

04 mokled

06 ori azri

gazrdis Tu ara

moswavleebis motivacias

saatestato gamocdebis

daniSvna?

tato SavSiSvili VS

simon janaSia

msoflio

08 axali Zveli mTavroba

kavkasia

09 Cerqezebi _ pirveli geno-

cidi Tanamedrove evropaSi

Tvalsazrisi

12 rusuli kavkasofobiis

fenomenis Sesaxeb

mTavari Tema

14 erTi qali _ ori

cxovreba

36 Tvalsazrisi

msoflios mTavari

Tavsatexi

giorgi cxadaia

kultura

38 SiSveli mefeebi

40 bluTebis ojaxis

`Sewyvetili ganviTareba~

sporti

41 fexburTi, rogorc

politika

43 buu

qalaqSi moxetiale kacis

Canawerebi

44 adandali vandali

Jurnali `liberali~ gamoicema fond `Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelos~

mxardaWeriT.

avtoris / avtorebis mier sainformacio masalaSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba

ar gamoxatavs fondis `Ria sazogadoeba-saqarTvelos~

pozicias. Sesabamisad, fondi ar aris pasuxismgebeli masalis Sinaarsze.

The views, opinions and statements expressed by the authors and those providing comments

are theirs only and do not necessarily reflect the position of Open Society Georgia Foundation.

Therefore, the Open Society Georgia Foundation is not responsible for the content of the

information material.

# 53 / 22 - 28 noemberi / 2010

interviu

20 karieras Sewiruli

Taoba

nana Rvinjilia

22 ekonomika

fasebis SenarCunebis

politika

sazogadoeba

24 rva `umartivesi~ gamocda

27 decentralizacia

quTaisic qalaqia...

30 socialuri

qselebi

is, rac Sen Sesaxeb yvelam

icis

32 ganaTleba

Cemi `buki~

34 Tvalsazrisi

ra aris sazogadoebrivi

jandacva?

mark maleni

garekanze:

erTi qali _ ori cxovrebailustracia: sofo kirTaZe / wignis saxelosno

fo

to

lev

an x

erxe

ul

iZe

`abituris~ gakveTili Tbilisis 24-e sajaro skolaSi, 2010

1liberali . noemberi 2010 . № 53

Tqvenze drois dakargva ar Rirs!

ra kargia, rom amaze dawereT, sruli

simarTlea. ganaTlebis saministro erT-

erTi auRebeli cixe-simagrea Jurnaliste-

bisTvis. netav, odesme mainc Tu moeReba

am Tavxedobas bolo. Cemi piradi gamoc-

dilebidan vambob, romelime direqtorTan

intervius Cawera ocnebis sferoa, pres-

samsaxuris Tanxmobis gareSe.

lile

yvelgan, sadac gaixedav, es axalgaz-

rda tutuci gogoSkebi dawrialeben

TavianTi tutucuri kiTxvebiT da kidev

ufro tutucuri sagazeTo interpre-

taciebiT. es am qalbatonsac exeba.

vinme naTias. misi blogi TiTqmis sul

wavikiTxe da...zviadisti qalebis anti-

miSisturi varianti...araviTari Jurnal-

istika.

stumari

rogorc iqna, saqarTveloSi erTma

Jurnalistma mainc axsena sasamarTloSi

Civili sajaro informaciis mopovebaSi

xelis SeSlis gamo. marTla uzomod

bednieri var.

Tamuna

isev iq, sabWoTa kavSirSi

dRevandel avtoritarul reJimTan

xmalamoRebuli brZola Tavis gawirvas

liberalis vebgverdidan www.liberali.ge

udris; nu moiTxovT yvelasgan amas,

radganac umravlesobas hyavs ojaxebi

da maTi gawirva ar aris ase ioli.

saprotesto muxti axalgazrdobam, stu-

dentebma unda aitacon _ maT ar unda

SeeSindeT. magram xom naxeT? skolis

moswavleebic ki daaSines!!! da Caqra

protesti! moswavlis ukan xom aseve

daSinebuli deda da mamaa, vinc elode-

ba, rom TviTonac dakargavs samsaxurs,

Tuki sakuTari Svili ver daaSoSmina…

mokalake

veTanxmebi statiis avtors, rom

skolis direqtorebis moxsna, bavS-

vebze informaciis mogroveba da.a.S.

saSinelebaa. miuRebelia, radgan es

ar aris demokratiuli. yvelas aqvs

protestis ufleba, magram amis gamo

daiWiro an gaaTavisuflo poziciidan

gaumarTlebelia. rac Seexeba gamocdebs

_ vfiqrob, rom unda iyos gamocdebi,

magram cota azriani dagegmva sWirdeba.

http://tomushka.blogspot.com

SeiZleba, viRacas swavla ar unda,

SeiZleba, viRaca zarmacia, mitingze

motyuebiT gavida Tu gaborotebulia,

mTavari kiTxva da problema aris is, Tu

migaCniaT gamarTlebulad moralurad

samarTlebrivad da saerTod normalur

faqtad direqtorebis dabareba da

ganTavisuflebis gancxadebaze zewoliT

xelis mowera? ar miTxraT axla, zewola

ar iqnebodao, romeli normaluri ada-

miani midis dRes samsaxuridan Tavisi

nebiT da Tan ase erTdroulad uCnde-

baT survili amis gakeTebis?

lipu

borati saqarTvelos bankidan

Zalian samarcxvino reklamaa! `nax-

mari~ rom gavige pirvelad davrwmundi,

rom stereotipul azrovnebaze aigo

reklama. Tumca testirebisas SesaZloa

swored am reklamis scenarma gaamarT-

la da daimsaxura mowoneba. arafers

gamovricxav. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, es

aris amoraluri reklama.

yousmoke-wesmoke

pirvel rgolSi mamakaci eubneba, rom

mas (rogorc aRmoCndeba manqanas) manamde

aravin hyolia, rom is misTvis pirveli

iqneba. amiT qalwulobaze apelirebs. es

calsaxad metyvelebs ara mxolod bankis

TanamSromlebis arasensitiurobasa da

ugemovnebaze, aramed gadamRebTa uniWo-

basa da araprofesionalizmze.

pako

rogor arTulebT yvelafers. sulac

ar meCveneba es reklama Seuracxmyofe-

lad ai warmatebuli ki namdvilad aris.

Taa

aurzauri arafris gamo _ ase

SemiZlia davaxasiaTo aRniSnuli rek-

lamis garSemo atexili `skandali~. ara

da Cveulebrivi reklamaa, sxvaTaSoris,

kargad gakeTebuli.

giorgi

redaqtorebi: mTavari redaqtori Sorena SaverdaSvili /aRmasrulebeli redaqtori sofo Waava / kavkasia da konfliqtebi sofo bukia / Jurnalisturi gamoZieba beso kurtaniZe / sazogadoeba Tamar babuaZe / axali ambebi naTia axalaSvili, nana sajaia / vebgverdis redaqtori nino jafiaSviliJurnalistebi: maia wiklauri, nino gogua, marika qoCiaSvili, eka WiTanava, rusudan fanoziSvili, anita Tvauri, Tamar faradaSvili, nino CimakaZe, nino robaqiZe, naTia guliaSvilikontribucia: mark maleni, giorgi cxadaia, levan izoria, nana sajaia, ninia kakabaZe, daviT buxrikiZe, gio axvlediani, kaxa Tolordava, moli korso, leqso Cqareuli, emil suleimanovi, irakli kobaxiZe, diana CaCua, giorgi lomsaZe, qeTi qanTariaredaqcia: foto-redaqtori levan xerxeuliZe / grafikuli dizaini Tornike lorTqifaniZe / redaqtor-stilisti paata Samugia / koreqtori Tamar RonRaZe gamomcemloba: proeqtis menejeri qeTi babunaSvili / proeqtis menejeris asistenti lela SubiTiZe / klientTa momsaxurebis menejeri naTia rusaZe / distributori zviad Sengeliagamomcemeli: Sps `liberali~. misamarTi: Tbilisi 0162, faliaSvilis q. 108. tel.: (995 32) 232235, 233731, 912326. el-fosta: [email protected] sxva gamocemebi: `cxeli Sokoladi~, `cxeli Sokoladi _ literatura~, `biznesi: adamianebi, meTodebi, strategiebi~.`liberalis~ saavtoro uflebebi daculia. JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis nawilobrivi da/an mTliani gamoyeneba redaqciis Tanxmobis gareSe akrZalulia. beWdva: stamba `sezani~. misamarTi: Tbilisi, wereTlis gamz. 140. tel.: (995 32) 35 70 02.

gamodis kviraSi erTxel, yovel orSabaTs. pirveli nomeri gamocemulia 2009 wlis maisSi. rekomendebuli sacalo fasi 2 lari.

www.liberali.geISSN 1987-7528

2 liberali . noemberi 2010 . № 53

ar aCvenoT es bavSvebi msoflios...

aninas blogi

me da Cemi megobrebi Tbilisis erT-erT elitarul quCaze, erT-erT elitarul dawesebulebaSi visxediT da luds vsvamdiT. interieri sabWoTa suraTebiTa da simboloebiT iyo gaformebuli da me SiSiT velodebodi im wams, roca romelime Cvengani saubars daiwyebda sa-bWoTa memkvidreobaze.

vicodi, rom es Tema luds gemos daukargavda, Sekre-bas _ azrs, mezobel magidebTan msxdomebs ki _ simyu-droves.

sanam damaluli naRmi afeTqdeboda, ludi movsvi da gamaxsenda, rom dilac ucnaurad `sabWourad~ daiwyo. televizori CavrTe da sapatriarqos arxze, romelsac sasacilo saxeli, èrTsulovneba~ hqvia, `mziuris~ kon-certi damxvda. patara gogona patara gogonebisTvis Seuferebeli seriozulobiT mReroda leningradze. wesiT CemTvis aseTi maneruloba ucxo unda yofiliyo (me xom sabWoTa kavSirSi wuTic ar micxovria) magram mainc mecno. maxsovs, roca skolis zeimze patriotul leqsebs gvazepirebinebdnen, zustad aseTi saxeebiT ga-movdiodiT scenaze. verafers vizamT, bavSvebs yvela epoqaSi aqvT es `saSineli~ Tviseba _ zustad gamoicnon, ras iTxoven maTgan da zedmiwevniT Seasrulon kidec.

kidev kargi, rom bavSvebi izrdebian da movlenebis ga-dafasebas iwyeben. ai, me rom `mziuris~ romelime wevri viyo da amdeni wlis Semdeg im `gemian~ koncerts vuyu-rebde, Tavs motyuebulad da gamoyenebulad vigrZno-

bdi. Tumca, yvelas imaves ver mosTxov. aw ukve gazr-dili `mziurelebi~ miiCneven, rom ulamazesi bavSvoba hqondaT: arteki~, gastrolebi, gadaRebebi... mziuris~ erT-erTi wevri, nana sanebliZe ambobs: àlbaT Cveni warmatebis mizezi is iyo, rom aravis ar vbaZavdiT. sakuTar Tavebs vasaxierebdiT. absoluturad bunebri-vebi viyaviT da xalxic amitom ixibleboda~. ai, Turme rogor esmodaT sabWoTa kavSirSi bunebrioba!

ise, ucnaurad ar geCvenebaT erTi mxriv, sabWoTa simbolikis akrZalvis kanonze saubari da meore mxriv `mziurisTvis~ varskvlavis gaxsna?! me megona, Seno-bebze ganTavsebuli sabWoTa memkvidreobis gaqrobiT yvelafris daviwyebas vcdilobdiT da aRmovaCine, rom taSs swored `mziuri~ qveynis nostalgias vukravT. isic megona, rom kargad gvesmoda ra safrTxes Seica-ven wiTeli yelsaxvevebi da aRmovaCine, rom udardeli `pionerebi~ jerac gviCuyeben guls. nuravin ityvis, rom varskvlavis gaxsniT Cven mxolod bavSvobis si-mRerebs gadavuxadeT xarki. CamoacileT `mziurs~ sa-bWoTa konteqsti da mixvdebiT, rom es bavSvebi ara-friT gansxvavdebian ànabanas~ axalbedebisagan. arc maTze niWierebi arian da arc maTze lamazebi. samagie-rod, maTze `bunebrivebi~ arian.

mgoni, Cven mxolod sabWoTa `gamonayars~ vmkurna-lobT da is, rac arsebiTia, mxedvelobis miRma gvrCeba. ase Tu ise, yvela garegnuli niSnis miCqmalva SeiZleba, magram dros CamorCenil azrovnebas raRa vuyoT? ro-demde unda gvegonos, rom ideologiuri kulturis propagandiT naSovni fuli SeiZleba qvelmoqmedebas moxmardes? an rodemde unda gavamarTloT sakuTari ususuroba `postsabWoobiT~?! me ar minda im qalaqSi cxovreba, sadac sabWoTa kvals yvelgan ebrZvian, (da-wesebulebebSi, quCebSi, sityvebSi) sakuTari tvinebis garda..

ra azri aqvs axali kanonebis miRebas, sanam sapa-triarqos arxze wiTelyelsaxveviani bavSvebis danaxva aravis `gautydeba~, manamde mainc uSedego iqneba var-skvlavebTan, namglebTan da uroebTan omi..

p.s. etyoba, Cemi megobrebic mixvdnen, ra cudi iqne-boda mSvidobiani Sekrebis analitikuri saubriT ga-fuWeba da sityvac ar dauZravT sabWoTa kavSiris Sesa-xeb. Zalianac kargi. kaTxebi davcaleT da kedlidan momziral Zia stalins Tvali avarideT.

liberalis vebgverdidanwww.liberali.ge


natos samitamde sami dRiT adre, varSava-

Si, natos saparlamento asambleam „saqar-

TveloSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb"

rezoluciis miRebiT qarTul mxares 2008

wlis Semdeg pirvelad gamoucxada aseTi

mkafio mxardaWera.

mxardaWera gamoixata dokumentiT, romel-

Sic afxazeTi da `samxreT oseTi~ okupire-

bul regionebad moixsenieba. rezoluciaSi

naxsenebia „eTnikuri wmenda“ da „okupa-

ciac“, amasTan, yovelgvari damatebiTi

ganmartebis gareSe. dokumentis avtore-

bi ruseTisagan rogorc saerTaSoriso

valdebulebebis Sesrulebas, ise iZulebiT

gadaadgilebul pirTa sakuTar saxlebSi

usafrTxo dabrunebas moiTxoven.

`rezolucia erT-erTi yvelaze dadebiTi

dokumentia, romelic saerTaSoriso orga-

nizaciebma saqarTveloze bolo periodSi

miiRes“, _ ganacxada saqarTvelos parlamen-

tis Tavmjdomarem, daviT baqraZem, rezo-

luciis miRebis Semdeg.

natos saparlamento asambleas saqarTvelos

Sesaxeb pozitiuri rezoluciebi adrec

miuRia, Tumca sesiis monawileebi lisabonis

samitamde ramdenime dRiT adre saqarTve-

los mxardamWeri dokumentis miRebas ru-

seTisaTvis seriozul gzavnilad afaseben.

rezoluciis ganxilvisas rusi delegate-

bi aqtiurad ewinaaRmdegebodnen rogorc

termin „okupaciis~ aseve „eTnikuri

wmendis~ gamoyenebas, radgan maTi azriT,

ruseTi politikurad da samarTlebrivad

eTnikuri wmendis pasuxismgebel mxared

cxaddeba.

rusuli mxaris ukmayofileba gamoiwvia

rezoluciis im nawilmac, sadac dokumenti

ruseTis uSiSroebis sasazRvro Zalebis

mier „administraciuli sazRvris~ gadakve-

Taze SezRudvebis dawesebas, okupirebul

teritoriebze ruseTis samxedro Zalebis

yofnis vadis gazrdas da saqarTveloSi

euTo-sa da gaero-s misiebis moskovis mier

dablokvas akritikebs, ruseTis mxridan

ki evrokavSiris sadamkvirveblo misiis

saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze daSve-

bas moiTxovs. asambleam evrokavSirs aseve

cecxlis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis

Sesrulebis sakiTxis evrokavSir-ruseTis

momavali samitis dRis wesrigSi Setanisken

mouwoda.

rusi eqspertebis SefasebiT, nato-s

asambleis rezolucia saqarTvelosadmi

moralur mxardaWeras niSnavs, Tumca igi

Seqmnil viTarebaze veranair gavlenas ver

moaxdens.

natos "Zalian mniSvnelovani" rezolucia

oleg kaSini komidan gamovidarusi Jurnalisti oleg

kaSini, romelsac 6 no-

embers Tavs ucnobi pi-

rebi daesxnen, komidan

gamovida da pirveli

blogic dawera. kaSini

masze Tavdasxmis faqts

ximkis tyis ambebis

gaSuqebas ukavSirebs.

Jurnalistma Cveneba ga-

momZieblebsac misca da

Tavdamsxmelebi aRwera.

damnaSaveebi „ganurCe-

vlad mdgomareobisa

da socialuri statu-

sisa, unda daisajon“,_

ganacxada prezidentma

medvedevma.

prezidentebis SexvedrasaerTaSoriso saagen-

toebis cnobiT, lisa-

bonSi natos samitis

farglebSi aSS-s prezi-

dentis barak obamas da

prezident saakaSvilis

Sexvedra daigegma.

es pirveli pirispir

Sexvedra iqneba ori

qveynis liderebs

Soris. qarTuli mxare

am Sexvedris organi-

zebas bolo ori wlis

ganmavlobaSi cdilob-

da. obama da saakaSvili

erTmaneTs mxolod

erTxel _ vaSintgonSi

birTvuli usafrTxoe-

bis konferenciis dros

mcire xniT Sexvdnen.

mokledf

ot

o iv

herma

ni / R

EUTE

RS

presisTvis gamoyofili darbazi natos samitze lisabonSi, noemberi 2010


`saqarTveloSi winaswar arafris Tqma ar

SeiZleba. araferi ar aris gamoricxuli, magram me ar vocnebob arc erT

Tanamdebobaze“. vano merabiSvili mis gegmebze

`specialur reportaJTan“ interviuSi

„manqanis minebi damuqebuli mxolod CamorCenil

qveynebSi aqvT“ prezidenti saakaSvili

daburuli minebis akrZalvaze

„molodini gvqonda, rom gamocdebis mimarT meTormeteklaselebs

protesti gauCndebodaT, radgan Znelia 17-18 wlis adamians gaagebino, Tu

ratom aris aucilebeli am gamocdebis Catareba.“

dimitri SaSkini meTormeteklaselTa

saatestato gamocdebze

`Cven arasodes

SevvardnilvarT brZolaSi gaveSebuli lomiviT da

iqidan ar gamovqceulvarT Casvrili kurdReliviT“

giorgi TargamaZe `qristian demokratebis“ saqmianobaze

"enveris" gagrZeleba

ong san su Cis dabruneba

opoziciis gegmebi

citatebi

ruseTis jaSuSobisTvis dakavebuli

petre devriSaZe realurad qarTuli

specsamsaxurebis agentia, _ am infor-

macias rusuli gamocema `maskovski

kamsamoleci~ avrcelebs.

gazeTs aWaris avtonomiuri respu-

blikis Ss ministris yofili moadgile

daviT bakuraZe esaubra: „devriSaZe

uSiSroebis saministros agentad

muSaobda da informacias gvawvdida,

maT Soris, maT Sesaxebac, vinc axla

qveyanas marTavs“, _ ambobs bakuraZe.

aWaris yofili maRalCinosnis TqmiT,

devriSaZis amJamindeli meTaurebi

konstituciuri usafrTxoebis de-

partamentSi muSaoben. Ss saministros

analitikuri departamentis xelmZR-

vanelma SoTa utiaSvilma es infor-

macia uaryo. `maskovski kamsamoleci~

wers, rom devriSaZes davalebis war-

matebiT SesrulebisTvis patimrobidan

male gaaTavisufleben.

15 wliani patimro-

bis Semdeg 65 wlis

mianmareli de-

mokrati aqtivis-

tis _ ong san su

Cis gaTavisufleba

misma aTasobiT mxardamWerma aRniSna,

ramac daamsxvria miTi imis Sesaxeb, rom

su Ci ukve aRar aris mniSvnelovani

mianmaris politikisTvis.

su Cis demokratiis erovnulma ligam

1990 wels arCevnebi moigo, magram

maSindeli birmis reJimma arCevnebis

Sedegebi ar scno. bolo ramdenime

weli ong san su Cim SinapatimrobaSi

gaatara.

noemberis bolos ramdenime opozociuri jgufi er-

Tdroulad aqtiurdeba. 24 noembers axlad Seqmnili

„qarTuli partia“ yrilobas filarmoniaSi marTa-

vs, partiis erT-erTi lideris levan gaCeCilaZis

TqmiT, saqarTveloSi „gadamwyveti brZola“ iwyeba.

25 noembers ki, parlamentis win „warmomadgenlobiTi

saxalxo kreba“ gaimarTeba. saxalxo krebas „erovnuli

forumic“ uerTdeba.

paralelurad, aqtiur fazaSi Sedis xelisuflebis

da opoziciis molaparakebebi saarCevno garemos gau-

mjobesebasTan dakavSirebiT. bolos xelisufleba da

opozicia xuTSabaTs Sexvdenen, daxuruli Sexvedris

oqmi uaxloes dReebSi gamoqveyndeba.

ricxvebi

heqtari tye daiwva wels saqarTveloSi

TeTri eRireba avtobusiT mgzavroba axali wlidan

mln dolaris investicias ganaxorcielebs rusi developeri oCamCireSi

samxedro mosamsaxure dabrunda avRaneTidan saqarTveloSi

1000 80 160 130

mokled


gazrdis Tu ara moswavleebis motivaciassaatestato gamocdebis daniSvna?

ori azri

momxretato SavSiSviliganaTlebis profesiuli sindikatis xelmZRvaneli

saatestato gamocdebis gansaxilvelad saWiroa, gamo-vkveToT ZiriTadi problema, romelic, SesaZloa, am ti-pis sagamocdo sistemis SemoRebis ganmapirobeblad iqca.

Cveni sazogadoeba kargad icnobs bolo periodSi moswavleTa da, gansakuTrebiT, damamTavrebeli klasis moswavleTa, gakveTilebze daswrebis problemas. sko-lebis udides nawilSi mesame gakveTilidan, praqtiku-lad, ver ipovidiT damamTavrebeli klasis moswavles. am faqts skolis cxovrebaSi CarTuli yvela aqtori Seegua, TiTqos wesad iqca, is, rom damamTavrebel kla-sebSi moswavle ar unda dadiodes skolaSi. es gare-moeba, Tavis mxriv, sxva Tanmdev problemebs badebda, rogoricaa:

1. moswavleTa mxridan skolisadmi nihilisturi da-mokidebuleba, rac gadamdebi seniviT moqmedebs dabali klasebis moswavleebzec. xSirad mozardebi mouTmenlad elian damamTavrebel klasSi gadasvlas, raTa maTTvisac `nebadarTuli~ iyos gakveTilebis gacdena.

2. maswavlebelTa demotivacia/pasuxismgeblobis Sem-subuqeba.

moswavleebis mier skolis gacdena aisaxeba maswavle-belTa pasuxismgeblobaze _ maT xom ar sTxoven dama-mTavrebeli klasis moswavleTa ganaTlebis uzrunve-lyofas?! bunebrivia, maswavleblis mxridan amgvari damokidebuleba droTa ganmavlobaSi profesiuli de-motivaciis sababi xdeba.

es garemoeba meTodurad uwyobda xels skolis zoga-dsaganmanaTleblo funqciis dakargvas. dRis wesrigSi dgeboda raime sistemuri meqanizmis SemuSaveba da da-nergva, romelic am problemis sakvanZo aspeqtebs aRmo-fxvrida. mizani iyo moswavleTa dabruneba gakveTilze da moswavlisa da maswavleblis saganmanaTleblo pasu-xismgeblobis gazrda.

pedagogiuri poziciidan, msgavsi sakiTxebis gadawyve-tisas mniSvnelovania, skolebSi amuSavdes swavlebis me-Todikisa da pedagogiuri midgomebis erToblioba, ro-melic xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa saswavlo motivaciis gazrdas da maT CarTvas skolis cxovrebaSi, Tumca iseT forsmaJorul situaciaSi, rogorSic dRes Cveni zogad-saganmanaTleblo sistema imyofeba, ufro mniSvnelovani myisieri efeqtia.

saatestato gamocdebis danergvam myisieri efeqti, praqtikulad, ukve aCvena, rac damamTavrebeli klasebis moswavleTa sagakveTilo procesSi CarTulobiT gamoixa-ta.

moswavleebis mier skolis

gacdena aisaxeba maswavlebelTa

pasuxismgeblobaze _ maT xom

ar sTxoven damamTavrebeli

klasis moswavleTa ganaTlebis

uzrunvelyofas?! bunebrivia,

maswavleblis mxridan amgvari

damokidebuleba droTa ganmavlobaSi

profesiuli demotivaciis sababi

xdeba.


gazrdis Tu ara moswavleebis motivaciassaatestato gamocdebis daniSvna?

ori azri

mowinaaRmdegesimon janaSiailias saxelmwifo universitetis asistent-profesori

saatestacio gamocdebis daniSvniT, vfiqrob, ram-denime arasasurvel Sedegs miviRebT:

pirveli: gamocdis Cabarebis da skolis damTavre-bis Semdeg bevr moswavles gauqreba raimes siRrmi-seulad Seswavlis yvelanairi motivacia. cnobilia, rom garegani meqanizmebiT gazrdili motivacia am meqanizmis amowurvisTanave qreba.

meore: bevr moswavles SeiZleba, saerTod gauqres skolaSi me-9 klasis Semdeg darCenis motivacia, rad-gan maT mouwevT zedmetad didi Zalisxmevis fasad uintereso Sedegis miReba.

da mesame: im moswavleebSi, romlebsac isedac aqvT Sinagani motivacia, garegani saSualebebi, jildoe-bic ki, aqveiTebs motivacias.

is, rom motivaciis garegani meqanizmebi ar mu-Saobs, kargad Cans im iniciativebidan, romlebic bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi iqna SemoRebuli. aseT siaxleebs Sorisaa: oqros medlebis da sasko-lo olimpiadis SemoReba, maRali niSnebis mqone moswavleebisTvis kompiuterebis Camorigeba da mi-saRebi gamocdebisTvis meoTxe savaldebulo gamo-cdis damateba.

moswavleebis motivacias zrdis maTi interesebisa da saWiroebebis gaTvaliswineba da socialuri swa-vlebis gamoyeneba. anu swavla unda gulisxmobdes sxvebTan urTierTobaSi sakuTari codnis agebas. sa-atestato gamocdebisTvis mzadeba SeiZleba, am pro-cesisTvis xelisSemSleli iyos.

gamocdis funqciaa codnis Semowmeba. Tu Cven ga-mocdas mivaniWebT moswavlis gakveTilze miyvanis funqcias, Tu maswavlebels vubiZgebT, sxvanairad aswavlos da ara ise, rogorc TviTon miiCnevs saWi-rod, Tu gamocdebis Catarebis erT-erTi mizani iq-neba, daisajon an waxalisdnen skolis direqtorebi, maSin gamocda kargavs codnis Semowmebis funqcias. Tu Semowmebis instrumenti (gamocda) ufro mniSvne-lovani xdeba, vidre is, rasac amowmebs (ganaTlebis miRebis procesis efeqturoba), maSin is, rasac gamo-cda amowmebs, icvleba da misi Semowmeba SeuZlebeli xdeba.

Tu mizania velosipedis tarebis swavleba, xolo am unars iseTi Teoriuli testiT amowmeb, romelSic saburavis qimiur Semadgenlobis aRweras moTxov, Se-degad miiReb qimiis formulis mcodnes da ara ve-lomrbolels.

is, rom motivaciis garegani

meqanizmebi ar muSaobs, kargad Cans im

iniciativebidan, romlebic bolo ori

wlis ganmavlobaSi iqna SemoRebuli.

aseT siaxleebs Sorisaa: oqros medlebis

da saskolo olimpiadis SemoReba,

maRali niSnebis mqone moswavleebisTvis

kompiuterebis Camorigeba da misaRebi

gamocdebisTvis meoTxe savaldebulo

gamocdis damateba.


msoflio

safrangeTi

axali Zveli mTavrobasafrangeTSi prezidentebis mier sakuTari warumateblobebis premier-ministrze

gadabraleba wesad iqca. Tumca, nikola sarkozim es tradicia daarRvia. misi am

saqcielis ukan pragmatuli gaTvlebi imaleba.

diana CaCua

safrangeTis prezidentis eqvsi Tvis winandeli muqara mTavrobis daTxovnis Sesaxeb 14 noembers asrulda. viTare-ba safrangeTSi mas Semdeg gamwvavda, rac sapensio reformam qveyanaSi didi mRelvareba da farTomasStabiani sa-protesto gamosvlebi gamoiwvia.

mTavrobam, gaficvebis miuxedavad, mainc miiRo kanoni. memarjvene-cen-tristuli xelisuflebis gancxade-biT, mosaxleobis daberebis faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT, xalxisTvis pensiis didi periodis ganmavlobaSi gadaxdis SesaZleblobebi aRar aqvs.

jer kidev 8 noembers prezidenti acxadebda, rom mTavrobam sakuTari Se-saZleblobebi amowura da cvlilebebs saWiroebda. premieris vakansiaze ram-denime kandidatura moiazreboda, maT Soris Jan-luis borloo da axali Tao-bis ramdenime warmomadgeneli.

Tumca, molodinebis sapirispirod,

nikola sarkozim frangul tradicias uRalata da premieri fransua fiioni Tavis adgilze datova. saerTodac, sa-rkozis `axal~ kabinetSi erTmaneTs yve-la kargad icnobs. ramdenime Tanamde-bobis garda postebi yvelam SeinarCuna.

fransua fiionis mier Tanamdebobis SenarCuneba, frangi analitikosebis SefasebiT, prezidentsa da fiions So-ris Zalauflebis balansis cvlilebaze miuTiTebs. amasTan, prezident sarko-zisTvis gacilebiT saxifaTo iqneboda fiionis mTavrobis gareT datoveba. axlandeli premieri sarkozis mTavar konkurentad miiCneva da masze maRali reitingi aqvs.

safrangeTis axali gundis xelmZR-vanelad fiionis datoveba realur alternativebs Soris yvelaze opti-maluri gadawyvetileba iyo, _ amboben frangi eqspertebi. kristina legarde, liberali mosamarTle, sagareo ur-

TierTobebs warmatebiT gaarTmevda Tavs, Tumca SidapolitikaSi parla-mentarebis kontroli gauWirdeboda. Jan-luis barloo xarjebis gazrdaze (gansakuTrebiT socialur programe-bze) iqneboda orientirebuli da es maSin, rodesac safrangeTis sajaro finansebSi kritikuri mdgomareobaa. konkurentebTan SedarebiT fransua fiions, romelmac 2007 wels pirvelma amcno qveyanas biujetis deficitis da safrangeTis krizisuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, fiskaluri windaxeduloba da ekonomikur reformebSi daxvewili ge-movneba aqvs. sxva sakiTxia, ramdenad uSvelis misi warmatebuli reziume sa-rkozis reitings, romelic rekordu-lad dabal maCvenebelze _ 26 procent-zea.

arapopularul prezident sarkozis verc xelisuflebis rebrendingis mc-deloba gadaarCens. Jak Sirakis droin-deli premier-ministris alan Jupes da sagareo saqmeTa ministrad yofili iusticiis ministris daniSvniT axali kabineti metismetad Sirakiseul senti-mentebs aRZravs.

safrangeTSi amaze xmamaRla aravin saubrobs, Tumca rogorc The Economist wers, prezidentis partiis zogierT warmomadgenels eWvi epareba, nikola sarkozi 2012 wlis arCevnebSi maTi saxe-liT monawileobisTvis swori kandida-ti iyos. gasul kviras Catarebulma erT-erTma gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom ar-Cevnebze sarkozis socialistebis li-derTan martin aubrTan wagebis didi Sansebi aqvs, Tumca, arCevnebSi fiionis monawileobis SemTxvevaSi, orives amJa-mindeli premier-ministri ajobebda.

fransua fiioni


kavkasia

saqarTvelo da CrdiloeT kavkasia

Cerqezebi - pirveli genocidi Tanamedrove evropaSiCerqezTa ukanaskneli brZola 1864 wlis 21 maiss, zustad im adgilas gaimarTa,

sadac 2014 wlis zamTarSi ruseTma olimpiada sazeimod unda gaxsnas.

sofo bukia

2014 wlis zamTarSi ruseTis yve-laze Zlevamosili politikosis, premier-ministr vladimir putinis bavSvobis ocneba asruldeba _ is-toriaSi pirvelad, ruseTi zamTris olimpiur TamaSebs umaspinZlebs.

am TariRisTvis mzadeba sruli datvirTviT mimdinareobs. Sendeba axali sportuli kompleqsebi, tu-ristuli obieqtebi, Tanamedrove infrastruqtura.

2014 wlis zamTrisTvis SavizRis-pira qalaqi soWi da mimdebare te-ritoria olimpiur saswaulad unda iqces da mTeli msoflios aRfrTo-vaneba gamoiwvios. soWis olimpiada

premier-ministris piradi proe-qtia.

Tumca, manamde kidev oTxi welia. SeiZleba, gauTvaliswinebeli ram moxdes, rac baton putins Zalian daanaRvlianebs: Tu mTels mso-flioSi mimofantuli milionobiT eTnikuri Cerqezi dawyebul saqmes bolomde miiyvans, olimpiadis soWSi gamarTva eWvqveS dadgeba.

istoriuli cnobebis Tanaxmad, im raionSi, sadac olimpiuri cecxli unda ainTos, 1864 wels, ruseTis imperiam asobiT aTasi Cerqezi amo-xoca da milionobiT _ gadaasaxla. 2014 wels am movlenebidan zustad

150 weli Sesruldeba.`ra moxdeboda, vinmes olimpiuri

TamaSebis gamarTvis adgilad auSvi-ci rom daesaxelebina?~ _ ekiTxebian Cerqezebi saerTaSoriso olimpiur komitets, Tumca pasuxi am kiTxvaze ar miuRiaT.

me-19 saukunis bolomde Cerqeze-bi ruseTis mTel SavizRvispireTSi cxovrobdnen _ anapidan afxazeTa-mde, da aRmosavleTisken CeCneTis sazRvrebamde.

kavkasiis omis dros isini ruse-bs winaaRmdegobas uwevdnen da maT samxreTisken svlas abrkolebdnen. Cerqezebis istoria am regionSi 1864


kavkasia

wels dasrulda, roca aleqsandre meoris jarma kavkasia daipyro.

ruseTs es omi Zviri daujda. meam-boxe mTielebis TavianT samSobloSi _ mTebsa da Znelad misadgom xeobe-bSi datoveba saxifaTo iyo. Cerqe-zebi zRvis sanapirosken gadarekes, Turqul gemebSi CatvirTes da os-maleTis imperiisken gzas gauyenes. 300 aTasi Cerqezi mxolod SimSilisa da avadmyofobebisgan daiRupa.

CerqezTa ukanaskneli brZola 1864 wlis 21 maiss, zustad im ad-gilas gaimarTa, sadac 2014 wlis zamTarSi ruseTma olimpiada sazei-mod unda gaixsnas.

saerTaSoriso Cerqezulma orga-nizaciam TxovniT mimarTa ruseTis prezidents dimitri medvedevs, da-Rupul CerqezTa xsovnis pativsace-mad soWis olimpiuri TamaSebis sim-bolos nawili Cerqezuli emblemac yofiliyo, rogorc es vankuveris olimpiadaze moxda (iq olimpiuri TamaSebis simbolod kanadis ZirZve-li mosaxleobis emblemebi gamoiye-nes).

savaraudoa, rom am Txovnas aravin gaiTvaliswinebs, radgan omi, rome-lic ruseTma kavkasiis dasapyrobad daiwyo, jer ar dasrulebula.

ufro radikalurad ganwyobili Cerqezebi _ diasporis warmomadgen-lebi da deportirebulTa STamo-mavlebi, ruseTis xelisuflebisgan genocidis faqtis aRiarebas, bodi-Sis moxdasa da gadasaxlebul Cer-qezTa STamomavlebis samSobloSi dabrunebis xelSewyobas moiTxoven. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, soWis olim-piadisTvis saerTaSoriso doneze dabrkolebebis SeqmniT imuqrebian.

dRes ruseTi kvlav im miTiT cxo-vrobs, rom kavkasiis xalxebi nebayo-flobiTa da sakuTari surviliT SeuerTdnen imperias. es miTi dRe-sac muSaobs, rogorc CrdiloeT ka-vkasiaSi kremlis mkacri politikis legitimaciis erT-erTi saSualeba.

`soWSi mogzaurobam gamaogna, ar iyo araviTari kvali imisa, rom aq

odesme Cerqezebi cxovrobdnen. ara-da, saubaria maTi istoriuli samSo-blos Suagulze _ soWze, saidanac isini aleqsandre meoris armiasTan damarcxebis Semdeg gandevnes. me vi-pove mxolod erTi msxlis xe, ro-melic imdenad Zveli iyo, rom is SeeZlo mxolod mas daergo, vinc aq me-19 saukuneSi cxovrobda. mxolod es xe amtkicebda, rom rusebamde aq sxvebic cxovrobdnen,~ _ ambobs oliver bulou, omisa da mSvidobis gaSuqebis britanuli institutis (IWPR) redaqtori, Jurnalisti da avtori wignisa `dae, ididos Cvenma saxelma: mogzauroba kavkasiis da-marcxebul xalxebTan~.

bulou Cerqezebis ganadgurebas `Tanamedrove evropis istoriaSi pirvel genocids~ uwodebs.

Cerqezebi ruseTis federaciis oTx subieqtSi _ krasnodaris mxa-re, adiRe, yaraCai-CerqezeTi da ya-bardo-balyareTi _ ZirZvel eTnoss warmoadgenen.

dRes CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi maTi ricxvi 700 aTasamdea. es maSin, roca dRes iordaniaSi, TurqeTSi, siria-sa da israelSi 6-7 milioni Cerqezi cxovrobs.

swored mravalricxovani Cerqe-zuli diaspora ar aZlevs ruseTs saSualebas, sabolood gayinos es sakiTxi.

Cerqezi Jurnalisti da sazoga-do moRvawe fatima tlisova ambobs, rom SemTxveviTi ar aris Cerqezuli moZraobebis mxridan saerTaSoriso samarTalze apelireba da Zalado-bis dagmoba:

`ratom ar awyobs dRes ruseTs Cerqezuli sakiTxis ganxilva? me-ore CeCnuri omis Semdeg ruseTi acxadebda, rom kavkasiaSi saerTaSo-riso terorizms ebrZvis. da uceb, Cndebian Cerqezebi, romlebic mS-vidobiani gziT, Zaladobis gareSe cdiloben sakuTari uflebebisTvis brZolas. am TvalsazrisiT, Cerqe-zebi CeCnebze aranakleb saxifaToni arian, radgan amsxvreven ruseTis

miTs terorizmTan brZolis Sesa-xeb,~ _ ambobs tlisova.

bolo erTi welia, am saqmeSi Cer-qezebs mokavSireebic gamouCndnen: ar aris gamoricxuli, 2011 wlis gazafxulze, saqarTvelos parla-mentma me-19 saukuneSi CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi ruseTis imperiis mxridan Cerqezi xalxis genocidad aRiaros.

CerqezTa genocidis Tema mxolod nawilia im axali politikisa, rome-lic Tbilisma CrdiloeT kavkasias-Tan mimarTebaSi 2008 wlis agvistos omisa da ruseTis mier afxazeTisa da samxreTi oseTis damoukideblo-bis aRiarebis Semdeg wamoiwyo.

CrdiloeT kavkasia, dRes denTis kasrs hgavs, romelic SeiZleba, ne-bismier dros afeTqdes. saqarTve-lo ki saxifaTo TamaSSia CarTuli da mis axal kavkasiur politikas bevri gamocda elis.

ruseTi kvlav rCeba regionis mTa-var moTamaSed da, savaraudod, verc erTi sxva qveyana ver gabedavs, Seu-erTdes im iniciativas, romelic sa-qarTvelom wamoiwyo.

Ria mokavSireebs Tbilisi verc kremlis mier kontrolirebad Crdi-loeT kavkasiaSi ipovis.

Cerqezebis mimarT erTmniSv-nelovani mxardaWeris gamoxatva afxazebmac ver gabedes, romlebic


kavkasia

Cerqezebs sakuTar Zmebad miiCne-ven. qarTul-afxazuri konfliqtis dros 2 aTasze meti Cerqezi afxa-zebis mxares ibrZoda.

Cerqezuli samyaro moZme afxa-zTa mxardaWeras afxazeTis omis Semdegac agrZelebda _ awyobdnen konferenciebsa da kongresebs, sadac afxazeTis damoukideblo-bis moTxovnebi ismoda. im dRes ki, roca ruseTma afxazeTis da-moukidebloba aRiara, yabardo-balyareTis dedaqalaqSi _ nalCi-kSi, afxazeTis moedanze sazeimo demonstracia gaimarTa.

dRes, roca Tbilisi Cerqezebis damegobrebas cdilobs, es afxaze-bs Zalze uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Caayenebs. Tu saqarTvelo Cerqe-zebis genocids aRiarebs, afxazebs arCevanis gakeTeba mouwevT _ du-mili SeinarCunon da amiT ruseTis politikas auban mxari, Tu kremlis interesebis winaaRmdeg wavidnen da moZme xalxis genocidi saqarTvelos Semdeg maTac aRiaron.

jerjerobiT oficialuri soxumi pirvel variants irCevs.

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis war-momadgenlebs imedi aqvT, rom Tu Tbilisi Cerqezebis genocidis aRia-rebis mimarTulebiT pirvel nabijs gadadgams, mas, minimum, baltiispi-reTis ori qveyana aubams mxars.

„kavkasiis regioni ukve Zalian didi xania itanjeba danawevrebiT, usamarTlobiT, konfliqtebiT, ko-lonizaciiT, SuRliT da Zalado-biT. regionis xalxi Zalian tole-rantuli iyo, magram mTavrobebi da xelisuflebebi xelovnurad yofd-nen maT da agebdnen iseT kedlebs, romlis gadalaxvac aravis SeeZlo. me dRes aq imisaTvis movedi, rom gi-TxraT _ es dro warsuls bardeba da ocnebas, erTobasa da mSvidobas gza exsneba. Rrmad mwams, rom saerTo ba-zari, saziaro interesebi, politi-kur-ekonomikuri urTierTdamoki-debuleba erT dRes gaerTianebul kavkasias daudebs safuZvels“, _ es mixeil saakaSvilis sityvaa, rome-lic man seqtemberSi gamarTul gae-ros asambleaze warmoTqva.

noemberSi TbilisSi saerTaSori-so konferencia gaimarTeba, rome-lic kavkasiis regionis, pirvel ri-gSi ki, swored Cerqezebis sakiTxze imsjelebs.

bolo erTi wlis manZilze es ukve mesame konferencia iqneba, sadac kavkasiis Temaze momuSave cnobi-li eqspertebi da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi, Crdilo kavkasieli da qarTveli is-torikosebi TbilisSi moiyrian Tavs da CerqezTa genocidis Temaze isau-breben.

martis konferenciaze Cerqezu-li organizaciebis warmomadgenle-bma Cerqezebis genocidis aRiarebis TxovniT saqarTvelos parlaments oficialurad mimarTes.

saqarTvelos parlamentis iuri-diul sakiTxTa komiteti ukve muSa-obs Cerqezebis sakiTxis iuridiul formulirebaze. qarTvelma depu-tatebma unda gadawyviton _ ra da-arqvan Cerqezebis eTnikuri niSniT ganadgurebis faqts _ genocidi Tu Cerqezi xalxis tragedia.

Tu genocidis aRiareba marTlac moxda, saqarTvelo pirveli qveyana iqneba, romelic 47-wlian kavkasiis oms kacobriobis winaSe Cadenil da-naSaulad oficialurad scnobs.

britaneli Jurnalistis oliver bulous wigni CerqezTa istoriis Sesaxeb ase mTavrdeba: `kavkasiaSi dasasveneblad Casulma Zalian cota rusma Tu icis, ra daujda mis samSoblos es sufTa haeri, mTebi da samxreTis mze. samagierod, es kargad axsovT Cerqezebs, CeCnebs, inguSebs, Turq-mesxebs da sxva xalxebs. rusebma mexsierebaSi ar Seinaxes TavianTi omebi kavkasiaSi. daiviwyes isini. am omebis msxverpl-Ta aCrdilebi arasodes moasveneben ruseTs~.

statiaze muSaobda maia wiklauri.

`kavkasiaSi dasasveneblad Casulma

Zalian cota rusma Tu icis, ra daujda

mis samSoblos es sufTa haeri, mTebi da

samxreTis mze. samagierod, es kargad

axsovT Cerqezebs, CeCnebs, inguSebs,

Turq-mesxebs da sxva xalxebs. rusebma

mexsierebaSi ar Seinaxes TavianTi

omebi kavkasiaSi. daiviwyes isini.

am omebis msxverplTa aCrdilebi

arasodes moasveneben ruseTs~.Cerqezuli diasporis warmomadgenelTa protesti soWis 2014 wlis olimpiadis winaaRmdeg, 2010


kavkasia

Tvalsazrisi

rusuli kavkasofobiis fenomenis Sesaxebras fiqroben rusebi kavkasielebze.

emil suleimanovi

ruseTSi antikavkasiuri ganwyo-bebis gansakuTrebuli gaaqtiureba gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis da-sawyisSi daiwyo.

es, pirvel rigSi, Sidapolitiku-ri motivebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. bunebrivia, arafrisgan mtris xatis Seqmna ver moxdeboda. mtris xati sazogadoebaSi arse-bul negatiur asociacie-bze dayrdnobiT yalibdeba. am konteqstSi karg mizezad iqca kavkasielebis mimarT arsebuli siZulvilis grZ-noba, romelic 80-iani wle-bis bolos, nacionalizmis zrdis fonze, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi rusebsa da kavka-siuri erebis warmomadgenle-bs Soris gaCenili uTanxmoe-bebis safuZvelze aRmocenda.

sabWoTa periodSi kavkasia-sa da kavkasielebze arsebu-li crurwmenebi, ZiriTadad, pozitiur xasiaTs atarebda. Tumca, 1970 wlebis bolodan, gan-sakuTrebiT ki 80-ianebis dasawyisi-dan viTareba Seicvala.

me-19 saukunis rusuli literatu-ris klasikaSi Seqmnili „Tavisuflad moazrovne mTielis“ romantikuli saxe gasuli saukunis 50- 60-ian wle-bSi sabolood Canacvlda „umcrosi Zmis“ imijiT.

aq is ukve axirebuli, Tumca sim-paTiuri da temperamentiani „sa-mxreTeli-qarTvelia“, kavkasiu-ri kurortebis „gmiri-sayvareli“, romlis mimarT, rogorc wesi, yvela

gulmowyalea. 70-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi

ruseTis qalaqebsa da regionebSi kavkasielebis imigracia izrdeba. es procesi, pirvel rigSi, ekonomikuri mizezebiT iyo ganpirobebuli da 80-ian wlebSi kidev ufro gaZlierda.

ucxo garemoSi moxvedram, sadac maT gamoCenas, Cveulebriv, ar mie-salmebodnen, kavkasielebi daarwmu-na, rom isini mxolod sakuTar Tavs unda daeyrdnon da adgilobriv mo-saxleobasTan konkurenciaSi saku-Tari adgili moipovon.

amave mizeziT, maTSi sul ufro Zlierdeboda klanuri da eTnikuri erTobisa da mobilizaciis meqaniz-mebi. zogierTma axalgazrda kavka-sielma klanur-eTnikur principze dafuZnebuli danaSaulebrivi jgu-febis Camoyalibebac daiwyo.

Tumca ufro metad gadamwyveti aRmoCnda kulturuli faqtori.

roca kavkasielebma ruseTis qa-laqebSi daiwyes cxovreba, maTi saxasiaTo maCveneblebi, romelic Tavdapirvelad pozitiurad aRiqme-boda, rusebma ukve Zalze negatiur

konteqstSi aRiqves. magali-Tad, kavkasielTa siamaye qed-maRlobad iqca, tradiciuloba _ CamorCenilobad, iniciativo-ba _ Tavxedobad, gabeduleba _ agresiulobad, aqtiuroba _ uxeSobad da a.S.

erTi saxelmwifos qveS mra-vali aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi Tanacxovrebis miuxedavad, ru-sebma kavkasieli erebis tra-diciebisa da kulturis ufro Rrma codna ver SeiZines da dRemde stereotipulad azro-vneben. kavkasia maTTvis ver gascda garkveul `simbolikas” _ mTebi, xanjali, sisxlis aRe-ba, jigiti, adaTi, mwvadi, Rvi-

no da a.S. rusebs, zogadad, sabWoTa kavSirSi Semaval yvela erze msgavsi tipis qedmaRluri `codna~ aqvT.

rusi mosaxleobis stereotipebs imis SegrZnebac amZafrebs, rom ka-vkasielebi „yvelgan“ „Zalian didi raodenobiT“ arian. kavkasielebma „mTeli qalaqi xelSi Caigdes“, „yve-laferi miiTvises“, „isini yvelgan arian“ da a.S.

am SiSebze, garkveulwilad, is fa-qtic moqmedebda, rom kavkasielebi, romlebic ruseTSi ekonomikuri mi-zezebiT Cadiodnen, swrafi mogebis

erTi saxelmwifos qveS mravali

aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi

Tanacxovrebis miuxedavad, rusebma

kavkasieli erebis tradiciebisa

da kulturis ufro Rrma codna

ver SeiZines. kavkasia maTTvis ver

gascda garkveul `simbolikas”

_ mTebi, xanjali, sisxlis aReba,

jigiti, adaTi, mwvadi, Rvino.


kavkasia

miRebis mizniT rogorc savaWro sferoSi, aseve saxelmwifo seqto-rebSic ikavebdnen adgilebs.

kavkasiur sazogadoebebSi, rusu-lisgan gansxvavebiT, warmatebis da simdidris Sesaxeb gansxvavebulad msjeloben.

ruseTSi dResac arsebobs stere-otipi, romlis mixedviTac simdi-drisa da warmatebis miRweva keTil-sindisieri SromiT SeuZlebelia. es warmodgena mosaxleobis umravle-sobis TvalSi bevri warmatebuli kavkasielis „saeWvo“ qcevas adastu-rebs.

amasTan, SeZenili da dagrovili simdidris demonstrireba da amiT Tavis mowoneba kavkasielebisTvis Zalian tipuria da Tanamemamuleebs Soris socialuri statusis awevis gzad miiCneva. aseTi qceva ki ad-gilobriv mosaxleobaSi Tavxedo-bad aRiqmeboda. kavkasielebi fuls „Cvens xarjze Souloben“, „gvatyue-ben“, „Cveni marTva surT“ _ amas xSi-rad gaigonebT rusul sazogadoeba-Si.

dRes kavkasielebis Sesaxeb ste-reotipebs saxelmwifo politikac kvebavs. ramdenime wlis win, rode-sac moskovi qalaqis xelisuflebas irCevda, televiziiT gadioda erT-erTi politikuri partiis reklama, sadac kavkasiuri garegnobis msuqa-ni mamakaci sazamTros Wams da qer-qs Zirs agdebs. `gavaTavisufloT moskovi nagvisgan!” _ ismoda kadrs miRma xma. marTalia, am qsenofo-biurma reklamam ruseTSi garkveul ZalTa protesti gamoiwvia, magram is mainc kargad gamoxatavda sazo-gadoebaSi gabatonebul ganwyobebs.

kavkasielebis Sesaxeb negatiuri stereotipebi ori rusul-CeCnuri omisa da gansakuTrebiT, ruseTis qalaqebSi momxdari teroristuli aqtebis Sedegad kidev ufro gamZa-frda.

2008 wlis rusul-qarTuli omis Semdeg ki ruseTis nacionalurma arxebma lamis rigiTi qarTvelebis-

gan daiwyes mtris xatis Seqmna.CrdiloeT kavkasiisgan ki igive

telearxebi, ukve wlebia, dedamiwis Sav xvrels qmnian, raTa am regionSi kremlis mkacri politika gaamar-Tlon.

Sedegad, sociologiuri gamoki-Txvebis Tanaxmad, „kavkasiuri erebi“ regularulad wamyvan poziciebze arian im qveynebis reitingSi, rom-lebic rusebs sakuTar mtrebad miaCniaT.


mTavari Temail

ust

rac

ia T

aTia

nad

arei

Svi

li

/ wig

nis

saxe

losn

o


mTavari Tema

erTi qali - ori cxovreba

Sromis xarvezebiT savse

kodeqsi, genderuli

stereotipebi da

diskriminacia _ es

yvelaferi kiTxvas _ Svili

Tu kariera _ Tanamedrove

qarTveli qalebisTvis

kidev ufro amZafrebs.

Tamar babuaZe, diana CaCua

`dedasTan gadabmulad 5 dRec ki ar gamitarebia. bebia da babua mzr-didnen. amitom Tavidanve sakuTar TavSi Cavikete, uxasiaTo da gul-CaTxrobil adamianad viqeci. er-Txel maxsovs, vtirodi, dedaCemi momiaxlovda da Caxuteba daapira. uxeSad vupasuxe, roca mWirdebo-di, sad iyavi-meTqi? ase mipasuxa, SenTvis da Seni disTvis vmuSaob-di, rom araferi mogklebodaTo. Tumca, albaT, man ver gaacnobie-ra, rom me mTavari maklda: dedis siTbo da yuradReba~.

am istorias 32 wlis qeTevani ixsenebs, romelic axla TviTonaa gogonas deda da Tan dRe da Rame muSaobs. 4 wlis anastasia ZiZas-Tan izrdeba, dedas mxolod da-wolamde ori saaTiT adre xedavs da mere didxans ver iZinebs _ im dros, roca ukve tkbil sizmrebs


mTavari Tema

unda xedavdes, aRgznebuli, dedas eTamaSeba da masTan urTierTobis danakliss ase ivsebs.

anastasia, rogorc ZiZas mibare-buli bavSvi, dRes umravlesobas warmoadgens. mxolod erTi saa-gentos, `meri popinsis~ monacemTa bazaSi 2 aTasamde ZiZaa, maTgan saagento yovelTviurad saSualod 15-mde qals asaqmebs. 1990-iani wlebis Semdeg dabadebuli bavSve-bi ki im Taobas qmnian, romelTac, uxeSad ùdedod gazrdili Tao-bac~ SeiZleba, vuwodoT.

amitom TiToeul im qals, vinc dRes sruli datvirTviT muSaobs, sakuTari Svilebis mimarT danaSau-lis grZnoba ar asvenebs da ukve icis, rom wlebis Semdeg aucile-

blad mouwevs, pasuxi gasces Svi-lis sayveduriT savse kiTxvas _ ra iyo maSin Cemze ufro mniSvnelo-vani? sad iyavi maSin, roca Zalian mWirdebodi?

qeTevani am wuTis dadgomas Si-SiT elis. am kiTxvaze erTmniSvne-lovani pasuxis moZebna dedamisi-viT, masac uWirs.

Svili Tu kariera _ es kiTxva Ta-namedrove msoflioSi dRes kidev ufro aqtualuria, vidre Tundac oci wlis win iyo. bolo statis-tikis mixedviT, qalebi mTeli mso-flios muSaxelis TiTqmis naxevars Seadgenen da Zalian xSirad wamyvan, aRmasrulebel Tanamdebobebzec gvxvdebian.

procesma, romelic 1960-ian wle-bSi gaSlili feministuri moZrao-biT daiwyo, mospo kiTxvis niSnebi imis Sesaxeb, qalsac mamakacis ms-gavsad sWirdeboda Tu ara TviTre-

alizacia da sazogadoebis aqtiur wevrad qceva.

Tandayolili biologiuri fun-qcia Tu socialuri interesebi _ dapirispireba dRes maT Soris mwvavea, rogorc _ arasdros.

37 wlis niu iorkeli qali, mari-sa Talbergi, romelic UNICEF-is bavSvebis keTildReobis Sesaxeb vrceli moxsenebis erT-erTi rea-luri gmiria, didi xania, rac maR-viZaras aRar iyenebs. xuTi wlis win es funqcia misma gogonam, hanam SeiTavsa, axla das xuTi Tvis eive-ric exmareba. Tvalis gaxelisTana-ve, marisa, milionobiT sxva qalis msgavsad, erTveba dilis rituale-bis òrganizebul qaosSi~ da iwye-bs namdvil brZolas imisTvis, rom

rogorme erTmaneTs SeuTavsos Svilebisa da samsaxuris urTierT-sawinaaRmdego interesebi.

marisa msxvili sareklamo saagen-tos aRmasrulebeli direqtoria da pirveli Svilis gaCenisTanave mtkiced gadawyvita, rom samsaxurs aucileblad daubrundeboda. es arCevani man ara mxolod finansuri mosazrebebis gamo gaakeTa, aramed imitomac, rom misi Tanamdeboba mas TviTkmarobis Zlier gancdas aniWebda. 2002 wels marisam Seqm-na jgufi àRmasrulebeli dedebi~, romelic yvela misnair dedas aer-Tianebs. am jgufis wevri qalebi erTmaneTs gamocdilebas uziare-ben da erTmaneTisgan swavloben, rogor gaikeTon ukeTesi kariera da amavdroulad, ukeTesi dedebic gaxdnen.

ZiriTadi problemebi, romelTan gamklavebasac am jgufis wevre-

bi, da sxva amerikeli qalebi ukve wlebia, cdiloben, xarvezebiT sa-vse kanonmdebloba da Svilebiani qalebisadmi diskriminaciuli da-mokidebulebaa. mSobiarobisa da bavSvis aRzrdisTvis gamoyofi-li dro da dafinanseba mcirdeba, bevr kompaniaSi qalebs sul ufro xSirad agrZnobineben, rom dekre-tul SvebulebaSi xangrZlivad gas-vla misaRebi ar aris, mamebisTvis dekretuli Svebulebis daweseba ki jer kidev ar qceula tendenciad.

kanonmdeblobis problema kidev ufro mwvaved dgas saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi im qalebisTvis, romle-bic dedebic arian da muSaoben ki-dec.

35 wlis nino erT-erTi farmace-

vtuli kompaniis TanamSromelia. ori wlis winandel dekretul Sve-bulebas is ase ixsenebs: `dekretSi gavedi da meore dRes vimSobiare kidec. samsaxuris dakargva ar min-doda da lamis bolo wuTamde vmu-Saobdi. sami Tvec ar iyo gasuli, rom ukan davbrundi, bavSvi dedas davutove, aba, ra meqna, Cems ad-gilze sxvas miiyvandnen~.

arada, ninos sakuTari uflebe-bi kargad rom scodnoda, SeeZlo sakuTari ufrosisgan 477 dRiani Svebuleba moeTxova. Tumca, ka-nonmdeblobis mTeli paradoqsi isaa, rom TiTqmis yvela muxlis Sesruleba savaldebuloa mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki dasaqmebuli qali amas moiTxovs. uflebebis ar-codnis da samsaxuridan daTxovnis SiSiT ki dasaqmebuli qalebi iSvia-Tad iTxoven TavianTi ufrosebis-gan Sromis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswine-

popularuli gamoTqma, romlis avtoric, savaraudod, mamakaci unda iyos _

`qali samzareuloSi vici me~ _ bevri qarTveli qalisTvis dRemde realobad

rCeba.


mTavari Tema

sxvadasxva kvleviT dasturdeba, rom 25-dan 44 wlamde asakis qalebis 10 procenti martoxele-bi arian. 2026 wlisTvis ki maTi ricxvi 70 procents miaRwevs. gamokiTxulTa nawili beds ar uCivis da karieruli warmatebac kmayofilebas hgvris,

Tumca sxvebi amboben, rom Svilis gaCenisTvis sa-surveli asaki ubralod gamoeparaT.

ekonomisti silvia ana hiuleti 2002 wels gamo-cemul wignSi `sicocxlis dabadeba: saqmiani qali da dedobis survili~ konkretul statisti-

kaze dayrdnobiT wers, rom bolo 20 weliwadSi uSvilo qalTa ricxvi ga-ormagda. mis mier gamoki-Txuli yoveli 5 qalidan erTs Svili ar hyavda. am jgufSi mravlad iyvnen iseTi qalebi, visTvisac Svilis gaCena arasodes yofila prioriteti, Tu-mca danarCenebma aRiares, rom uSviloba maTi piradi arCevani ar iyo. ubralod, maT damRleli samsaxu-risa Tu xSiri mogzau-robebis gamo seriozuli urTierTobebisTvis dro ar darCaT da dedobaze fiqri maSin daiwyes, rode-sac es ukve Zalian gviani iyo. rogorc wesi, 42 wlis asakis qalebisTvis pirve-li bavSvis yolis Sansi 10 procentia, _ wers hiule-ti da qalis biologiuri saaTis Seuqcevadobaze saubrobs.

Tumca, avtori cdilo-bs, qalebs gamosavali Ses-Tavazos. hiuleti wers: seriozuli urTierTobe-bisTvis sasurveli asaki qalisTvis 29-30 welia, radgan manamde mamakacebi amisTvis naklebad arian mzad.

20-dan 30 wlamde periodi qalis persona-luri zrdis etapicaa. es is droa, roca qalma ganaTlebaze, pirveli samsaxuris Sovnaze unda izrunos. Semdeg ukve dgeba etapi, roca pirad cxovrebaze gadarTvaa umjobesi, am dros pro-fesiul kompromisze wasvlac Rirs. `SeiZleba, raRacebis daTmoba da-gWirdeT. magram dakargu-li drois anazRaurebasa da sakuTar TavSi axali interesebis aRmoCenas yovelTvis SeZlebT~.

aris Tu ara martoxeloba qalis arCevani

buli muxlebis dacvas. problemas arTulebs isic, rom maT arc kon-traqtiT gansazRvruli pirobe-bi icavs. arada, kontraqti, es is berketia, romelsac dasavleTSi mcxovrebi qalebi, diskriminaciis SemTxvevaSi, efeqturad iyeneben xolme, Tundac sasamarTloSi saq-mis aRsaZvrelad.

dedobasa da samsaxurs Soris drois ufro xarisxianad ganawile-baSi qarTvel qalebs isic uSliT xels, rom dekretuli Svebuleba Zalian mcire TanxiT finansdeba. Svebulebis anazRaurebaSi saxel-mwifo ar erTveba, damqiravebels ki mxolod is moeTxoveba, rom qals erTjeradi Tanxis saxiT sul 600 lari gadauxados. 600 lari _

es Tanxa ki SeiZleba mxolod ba-vSvis sawolis anda etlis SeZenas eyos da araviTar SemTxvevaSi, mSo-biarobisa da axalSobilis pir-vel dReebTan dakavSirebul kidev ufro did xarjebs.

daucveloba da momavlis SiSi, romelsac TiToeuli saqmiani deda grZnobs, saqarTveloSi kidev ufro mwvavdeba. baga-baRi an Zi-Zis instituti ki gamosavali araa. rTulia, ipovo iseTi sabavSvo baRi, romelsac bavSvis aRzrdas bolomde miandobdi da kidev ufro rTulia, ipovo idealuri ZiZa im fonze, rom am statuss xSirad ba-vSvis fsiqologiis armcodne da patarebTan urTierTobaSi sru-liad gamoucdeli qalebi irgeben.

saqmiani dedebis samoTxed skan-dinaviis da beniluqsis qveynebi iTvleba. magaliTad, SvedeTSi, 16-Tviani anazRaurebadi dekreti dedasac iseve ekuTvnis, rogorc _ mamas. finansebs am SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo da damsaqmebeli inawi-leben. am 16 Tvidan mamebs kanoniT, sul mcire, orTviani dekretuli Svebuleba ergebaT. isinic iseve rCebian saxlSi Svilis mosavlelad da sxva saojaxo saqmeebis mosagva-reblad, rogorc _ dedebi.

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba cnebas _ dekretuli Svebuleba ma-mebisTvis _ ar cnobs. Tumca, ka-nonSi asec rom eweros, Zneli war-mosadgenia, qarTveli mamakacebis umravlesobam axalSobili Svilis


mas Semdeg, rac qalebi Sromis ba-

zarze mamakacebis Tanaswor muSaxe-

lad iqcnen, Svilis gaCenas iseTive

civi gonebiT ekidebian, rogorc

axali samsaxuris SerCevas.

bevrisTvis karieram imxela da-

tvirTva SeiZina, rom dedobaze,

rogorc Tandayolil funqciaze,

saerTod, uari Tqva. Sedegad, dRes

msoflioSi qalTa farTo moZrao-

baa gaSlili deviziT _ àra bavSve-

bs~. daaxloebiT aseTi TematikiT

internetSi uamravi qalis blogs

waawydebiT. am wreSi ukve damkvi-

drebul terminebad iqca frazebi:

`Tavisufleba bavSvebisgan~, ùS-

viloba _ es Cemi arCevania~ da ase

Semdeg.

arseboben iseTi qalebic, romle-

bic arasasurveli orsulobisgan

Tavs saSvilosnos arxebis CaketviT

icaven. es procedura maT nanatr

Tavisuflebas aniWebs da dedobis

Sanss samudamod ukargavs.

qarTveli reproduqtologebis

TqmiT, ojaxis dagegmva qarTveli

wyvilebisTvisac miRebuli forma

gaxda. qarTveli qalebic zogjer

dedobis asaks swored karieraSi

winsvlis mizeziT avadeben.

msoflios ganviTarebul qveyne-

bSi, 20-dan 30 wlamde asakis qale-

bi cdiloben, maqsimalurad bevrs

miaRwion karieraSi da mxolod amis

Semdeg iwyeben ojaxis Seqmnasa da

bavSvis gaCenaze fiqrs.

Tumca, SarSan inglisis samefo

kolejSi Catarebulma kvlevam

aCvena, rom pirveli bavSvis gaCenis-

Tvis optimaluri asaki 20-35 welia.

uSviloba, rogorc arCevani

mTavari Tema

aRzrdaze pasuxismgebloba col-Tan Tanabrad gainawilos.

popularuli gamoTqma, romlis avtoric, savaraudod, mamakaci unda iyos _ `qali samzareulo-Si vici me~ _ bevri qarTveli qa-lisTvis dRemde realobad rCeba. erTaderTi cvlileba isaa, rom dRes samzareulo qalisTvis ara erTaderT samuSao adgils, ara-med samsaxuris Semdgom, damate-biT saRamos `cvlas~ warmoadgens. qarTveli qalebis didi nawili, am stereotipebis gamo, baga-baRSi Tu ZiZasTan datovebuli SvilebiT gamowveul sindisis qenjnas sru-liad marto umklavdeba. meuRlis Tanadgoma da monawileoba bavSvis gazrdisas, anu is, rac dasavleT-Si mcxovrebi qalebisTvis TiTqmis kanoniT aris gamyarebuli, CvenTan jer kidev erTeuli ojaxebis xve-dria.

àr mesmis, ratom aigiveben qalis ojaxur saqmianobas mxolod samza-reulosTan da WurWlis recxvas-Tan. qalis umTavresi movaleoba Svilebis aRzrdaa da Tu amas ka-rieris daTmoba sWirdeba, qalma is aucileblad unda daTmos. ara, qa-lis profesiuli winsvlis winaaRm-degi ki ar var, ubralod amas maSin aqvs fasi, roca ojaxTan harmo-niuladaa Serwymuli,~ _ ambobs 27 wlis sofo, romelsac ori Svili hyavs. maT gamo samsaxurze uaris Tqma mouxda, Tumca amaze araso-des unania.

sofos msgavs SemTxvevaze fsiqo-logebi amboben, rom qalis amgvar arCevanze gavlenas, savaraudod, an meuRle, an mcdarad gagebuli religiuroba, anda dabali TviT-Sefaseba axdens. dgeba momenti, rodesac qalebi mxolod `dedobis karieriT~ iRlebian, xvdebian, rom Zalian bevri dro dakarges Sin yo-fniT, sasowarkveTa ipyrobT da es yvelaferi uaryofiTad, pirvel rigSi, isev mcirewlovan Svilebze aisaxeba.

Tbilisis internet-forumi sav-sea msgavsi aRmoCenebiT:

`bavSvi rom meyola, 3 Tve saxlSi viyavi. vgrZnobdi, rom ukve veRar vuZlebdi saxlSi jdomas da nevro-zi damewyo. rogorc ki samsaxurSi gamovedi, egreve Sevicvale. samsa-xuri marto xelfasisTvis ar min-da, es TviTrealizaciis gzaa, es aris adgili, sadac SegiZlia Seni piraduli fiqrebi gverdze gadado da ganitvirTo~, _ ambobs 27 wlis qeTi.

`me vmuSaob, bavSvebi baRSi da-dian (2.5-is da 4 wlis). dRis gan-mavlobaSi maT daZinebamde mxolod 2 saaTiT vxedav. samsaxuridan mo-suls da gadaRlils sul imis Se-grZneba mrCeba, rom ver vagrZnobi-ne is siTbo, rac maT Cemgan fulze metad sWirdebaT. samagierod, sa-xlSi rom Cavjde, vici, rom male SeviSlebi da Semdeg es Cemi bavSve-bis fsiqikaze imoqmedebs cudad,~ _ yveba 26 wlis nino.

Tumca, `dakarguli drois~ gan-cda nacnobia maTTvisac, vinc Svi-lebs karieris saukeTeso wlebSi aCens. aseT dros mZafrdeba ga-Rizianeba gverdiT Cavlili Semo-Tavazebebis, treningebis, kontra-qtebisa Tu mogzaurobis gamo.

amitom hgonia bevr qals, rom mudmivi kompromisebiT cxovrobs, rom samsaxursa da Svilebs Soris drois ganawilebisas orive mxares daTmobebze wasvla uwevs da verc karieraSi aRwevs maqsimums da verc SvilebTan urTierTobisas.

Tumca, Tanamedrove saqmianma dedebma arCevani ukve gaakeTes. es jer kidev maSin moxda, rodesac qa-lebma sruliad gaazrebuli brZo-lis Sedegad arCevnebSi xmis ufle-ba moipoves da Tavi sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrebad gamoacxa-des. axla qali globalur SromiT bazarze iseTive Cveulebrivi muSa-xelia, rogorc _ mamakaci. dedoba ki misTvis xelisSemSleli faqtori mxolod im SemTxvevaSi aRar aris,


ori wlis win did britaneTSi Catarebuli kvleviT dasturdeba, rom profesionali qale-bi Svilis gaCenis Semdeg, iZulebulebi arian, maTi kvalifikaciisa da gana-TlebisaTvis Seusabamo

samsaxurSi muSaobas daTanxmdnen.

samefo ekonomikuri sazogadoebis JurnalSi gamoqveynebul naSromSi naTqvamia, rom profe-sionali qalebis TiTqmis naxevari Svilis gaCenis

Semdeg kompromisze midis da iseT samsaxur-Si agrZelebs karieras, sadac TanamSromelTa umetesobas maTze gaci-lebiT dabali kvalifi-kacia aqvT.

im qalebis erTma mesa-medma, romlebic bavSve-bis gaCenamde aRmasru-lebel Tanamdebobebze muSaobdnen, mSobiaro-bis Semdeg karierul kibeze safexuriT dabla Camoinacvles. maTi ori mesamedi Cveulebrivi mdivani gaxda. qalebi, romlebic orsuloba-mde maRaziebs, salo-nebsa da restornebs marTavdnen, Svilis gaCeniT yvelaze metad

dazaraldnen da gayid-vebis asistentebad da parikmaxerebad daiwyes muSaoba.

kvlevis mixedviT, arasrul ganakveTze 6 milioni britaneli qali muSaobs, maTi umrav-lesoba dedaa. Tumca, es am qalebis arCevani araa. problemaa is, rom maRalkvalificiur da maRalanazRaurebad Tanamdebobebze dedebs SeRavaTs ar uweven.

profesionali qalebis kvalificiuri bazridan wasvlis tendencias kv-levis avtorebma `tvi-nebis faruli gadineba~ uwodes.

mTavari Tema

rodesac qali swavlobs, rogor gamoiyenos SvilisTvis gamoyo-fili Tundac mcire dro masTan srulfasovani urTierTobisTvis.

dasavleTis qveynebis gamocdi-lebiT, gamosavali erT martiv si-tyvaSia _ balansi. rogorc aRmoCn-da, sworad ganawilebuli dro _ gaazrebuli urTierToba SvilTan da samuSao saaTebis produqtiu-lad gamoyeneba qalisTvis orive `frontze~ warmatebis winapiroba xdeba. fsiqologebis rCeva, erTi SexedviT, martivia _ im ramdenime saaTs, romelsac SvilTan atarebT, nu gaatarebT sadilis momzadebasa da saxlis dalagebaSi, Tqveni yura-dRebis centri Tqveni patara unda gaxdes. miT ufro, rom amis gake-Teba Sin saqmianobis paralelura-dac SeiZleba _ meuRlesTan da Svi-lebTan erTad moamzadeT vaxSami, erTad daalageT saxli, Tuki, es aucilebelia, radgan mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi dedis siaxloves mok-

lebul pataras swored es `erTad yofna~ enatreba. aseve samsaxurSi _ ecadeT Tqveni samuSao saaTebi maqsimalurad produqtiulad ga-moiyenoT, rom gviani saRamoebis ofisSi gatareba ar mogiwioT.

workingmomsagainstguilt.com (saq-miani dedebi danaSaulis grZnobis winaaRmdeg) _ es misamarTi oTxi saqmiani qalis blogs aerTianebs. isini weren imis Sesaxeb, Tu ro-gor umklavdebian samsaxurebriv stress da rogor zrunaven profe-siul ganviTarebaze, mcirewlovani Svilebis gazrdis fonze.

`gulwrfelad vaRiareb, rom Sin gatarebuli, xmauriani uqmeebis Semdeg mosuli mSvidi orSabaTi Za-lian miyvars; miyvars imis gaazre-ba, rom magida, romelsac samsa-xurSi vuzivar, Cemia, es Cemi piradi sivrcea, es is adgilia, sa-dac Cemi unarebis gamo mafaseben... magram amave dros vaRmerTeb im momentsac samuSao dRis bolos,

ra gavlenas axdens dedoba qalis karieraze

roca Cems pataras baRis ezosTan vxvdebi da gulSi vikrav. sulmou-Tqmelad veli SabaT-kvirasac, roca dResaswaulad iqceva xolme Tundac wvrilmani detalebi da aRmoCenebi, rom magaliTad, kvira dilas CemebisTvis momzadebul er-bo-kvercxs, Semwvar bekonsa da axlad gamomcxvar biskvitebs, sul sxva gemo aqvs, da rom Turme, Cemi patara gogo ukve asoebsac arCevs da sityvebsac TiTs ayolebs, ro-desac `wynari saaTis~ dros, mis sa-wolze wamowolili, 64-gverdian `princesas wigns~ vukiTxav. kviris ganmavlobaSi swored am saocar detalebze fiqri maZlebinebs. vxv-debi, rom SvilebTan urTierToba kidev ufro Zvirfasia CemTvis imi-tom, rom maTTan kviris Svidive dRes ar vatareb. ase Cveni Ti-Toeuli Sexvedra marTlac dRe-saswauls emsgavseba. roca maTTan var, mTeli arsebiT maTi var, pasu-xadac imave grZnobas viReb~.


interviu

karieras Sewiruli Taobainterviu Tbilisis Tavisufali valdorfis baRis aRmzrdelTan,

nana RvinjiliasTan

`rodesac aRzrdis erTi sayrdeni centri ar arsebobs da bavSvis ganviTarebaze

erTdroulad zrunavs ZiZa, bebia, baRis aRmzrdeli da zogjer _ deda, Sedegad

viRebT nervul da mSfoTvare bavSvs.~

Tbilisis valdorfis Tavi-sufali baRis aRmzrdeli nana Rvinjilia ZiZebis xelSi aRzr-dil bavSvebs `Sewirul~ Taobas uwodebs. am patarebs dedasTan urTierToba, misi yuradReba da zrunva swored im asakSi aklde-baT, roca pirovnebis Camoyali-beba, interesebis ganviTareba, an Tundac kompleqsebis formireba xdeba. es bavSvebi an dedis samsa-xuris, an misi modas ayolis, anda am mgrZnobiare Temis gaucnobie-reblobis gamo `iwirebian~. 3-dan 7 wlamde asaki _ es is periodia, roca deda maqsimalurad unda iyos CarTuli Svilis aRzrdaSi, _ fiqrobs nana Rvinjilia da im mSoblebs, romlebic sakuTari karieris ganviTarebze zrunaven, urCevs 7 wlamde bavSvebis didi xniT datovebisgan Tavi Seikavon.

qalbatono nana, ras aSavebs deda, roca gamouvali mdgomareobis gamo, an ubralod imis gamo, rom ZiZis momsaxureba Zalian moduri tendenciaa, Svilis mxolod pasiu-ri aRmzrdeli xdeba, miT ufro, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom Zalian bevr dedas am dros sindisis qenj-na awuxebs?

bavSvis aRzrdis, dedebis karie-ris da ZiZebis problema CvenTan mxolod axlaxan gaCnda. bunebri-via, es qalis rolis cvlilebam da axali cxovrebis wesis damkvi-

drebam gamoiwvia. Tumca, qalis funqciis Secvlis miuxedavad, ise ar unda gavigoT, rom TiTqos, Tanamedrove dedis movaleobad mxolod sadilis momzadeba dar-Ca, pirvel rigSi, bavSvs dedas-

Tan srulfasovani urTierToba sWirdeba.

bavSvis ganviTarebis romel eta-pzea yvelaze mniSvnelovani dedas-Tan maqsimaluri siaxlove?

bavSvis aRzrda Svidwledebadaa dayofili. pirveli Svidi

weli bavSvis ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi etapia. 3 wlamde

asaki _ es ki is monakveTia, rodesac bavSvSi mimdinare

cvlilebebi lamis mTeli cxovrebis manZilze gadatanili

cvlilebebis tolfasia.

pedagogi da bavSvebi Tbilisis erT-erT sabavSvo baRSi


interviu

bavSvis aRzrda Svidwledebadaa dayofili. pirveli Svidi weli bavSvis ganviTarebis umniSvne-lovanesi etapia. 3 wlamde asaki _ es ki is monakveTia, rodesac bavSvSi mimdinare cvlilebebi lamis mTeli cxovrebis manZilze gadatanili cvlilebebis tolfa-sia, amitomacaa aucilebeli, rom am dros deda iyos bavSvis Ziri-Tadi aRmzrdeli.

metic, 3 wlamde bavSvis araTu ZiZisTvis gadabareba ar SeiZleba,

misi baRSi gaSvebac ki Zaladobis tolfasia. bavSvi am asakSi ga-mokveTilad `me~-sac ki ar ambobs. is sociumisTvis mzad ar aris da gverdiT mudmivad sWirdeba deda, rogorc yvelaze axlobeli su-lieri. am wlebSi bavSvi dedas ara mxolod emociur doneze grZnobs, aramed mis fizikur siaxlovesac ganicdis, amitomac deda misTvis RerZi da centri xdeba.

arsebobs Tu ara oqros Sualedi qalisTvis, romelsac kargi karie-

ris gakeTebac surs da Svilebic unda rom hyavdes?

ucxoeTSi Svilebs dagegmilad aCenen, CvenTan ki qali deda xSirad absoluturad gaucnobie-reblad xdeba. miWirs Tqma, romeli sjobs da sad SeiZleba, iyos oqros Sualedi, magram albaT pirveli modeli ufro gamarTlebulia. sruliad miuRebelia patara asakSi Svilis gaCena, rac CvenTan Zalian xSirad xdeba. bavSvis modurad Ca-cma da manqaniT gaseirneba, maRali musikis TanxlebiT _ es aRzrda ar aris. bavSvs fsiqologiurad momzadebuli mSobeli sWirdeba. bavSvebi xSirad eqimebTan dagvyavs da mizezebs veZebT. arada, yvela-feri bavSvis Camoyalibebis pir-vel wlebSi, fundamentis Cayrisas daSvebuli Secdomebis da araswo-ri midgomebis gamoZaxilia. dRes dakavebuli dedebis da ZiZebis aRzrdili bavSvebis gamo SeiZleba iTqvas, Sewirul TaobasTan gvaqvs saqme.

rodesac bavSvis datovebis sakiTxi dgeba, vis mivaniWoT upiratesoba _ ZiZas, sabavSvo baRs, Tu bebias?

es individualuria. yvelafers isic arTulebs, rom CvenTan ZiZe-bis kargi instituti ar arsebobs. mSoblebi xSirad icvlian ZiZebs, radgan mudmivad ukmayofilo-ebi arian. amitom vfiqrob, rom bavSvis ZiZasTan datovebas, baRSi tareba sjobs. patarebs swori ritmi da disciplina sWirdebaT. Cven xSirad SvilebTan gviWirs zRvris dacva da ZiZas miT ume-tes, ar gamosdis xolme, bavSvi ar gaanebivros. Tumca, problemaa isic, rom CvenTan araTu ZiZe-bis, aramed baRis aRmzrdelebis gadamzadebac ki ar xdeba. da arc skolamdeli asakis bavSvebis aRzrdis Sesaxeb gvaqvs Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba da normebi.

ZiZis yola dRes Zalian mo-duria. vici iseTi SemTxvevebic,

roca erT ojaxSi sami Svili da sami ZiZa hyavT. rodesac aRzrdis erTi sayrdeni centri ar arse-bobs da bavSvis ganviTarebaze erTdroulad zrunavs xan ZiZa, xan bebia, xan baRis aRmzrdeli da zogjer deda, Sedegad viRebT nervul da mSfoTvare bavSvebs.

aseTi SemTxvevac maxsendeba: deda mSobiarobidan ramdenime TveSi gavida samsaxurSi da ba-vSvis aRzrda bebiebs gadaabara. saxlSi misuls CaZinebuli Svili xvdeboda xolme, dilas saxlidan adre gadioda, amitom man ver SeniSna, rom bavSvs raqiti hqon-da ganviTarebuli, bebiebs ki es gaeparaT.

rodis dgeba optimaluri etapi, rodesac dedas karieruli mizne-bisTvis, vTqvaT, ucxoeTSi wasvla da Svilis datoveba SeuZlia?

Cemi Svilebi 9 da 10 wlisebi iyvnen, rodesac ori wliT germa-niaSi sabavSvo baRis seminariaSi saswavleblad wavedi. CavTvale, rom im etapze mzad viyavi am cvlilebisTvis. gacnobierebuli nabiji gadavdgi da Svilebsac amiT travma ar miuRiaT. saerTod vfiqrob, rom Svilebis datoveba da ucxoeTSi wasvla 7 wlamde ar aris mizanSewonili. warmoidgi-neT, rodesac ukan davbrundi, ga-rkveuli xnis ganmavlobaSi, Cvens Sorisac ki gaCnda gaucxoeba da dafiqrdiT, ra xdeba maSin, rode-sac deda kidev ufro mcire asakis Svils Sordeba xangrZlivad?

Tumca, medals meore mxarec aqvs. Cemi wasvliT Cems Svilebs, ra Tqma unda, deda daakldaT, Tumca, garkveulwilad, damoukideblebic gaxdnen. saqarTveloSi kidev erTi problema gvaqvs: Svilebi sakuTre-ba gvgonia. arada, arsebobs zRva-ri, romlis dacvac yvela etapze aucilebelia dedisTvis.

esaubra diana CaCua.

fo

to

lev

an x

erxe

ul

iZe

pedagogi da bavSvebi Tbilisis erT-erT sabavSvo baRSi


ekonomika

inflacia

fasebis SenarCunebis politikamTavrobis populisturi dapirebebiT gamowveuli biujetis deficiti maRali

ekonomikuri zrdis da dabali inflaciis alternativa gaxda.

daviT Sengelia

2010 wlis agvistodan saqarTveloSi fasebis donem swrafi zrda daiwyo.

bolo sam TveSi produqcia 7.5 pro-centiT gaZvirda.

mimdinare wlis 10 Tvis monaceme-biT ki, oqtombris CaTvliT, infla-ciam 9.5 procenti Seadgina. sursaTze da ualkoholo sasmelebze fasebi 19.5 procentiT gaizarda.

saqarTveloSi fasebis saerTo donis cvlilebaze, anu inflaciaze saqarTve-los erovnuli bankia pasuxismgebeli, radgan inflacia fulad-sakredito (monetaruli) politikis kompetenciis sakiTxia.

saqarTvelos parlamentis 2009 wlis dadgenilebaSi (“saqarTvelos 2010-2012 wlebis fulad-sakredito da savaluto politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis Sesaxeb”) aRniSnulia, rom 2010-2012 wlebSi inflaciam 6 procents ar unda gadaaWarbos.

es niSnavs, rom mimdinare da momavali ori wlis manZilze erovnuli bankis mTavari sazrunavi fasebis garkveul doneze SenarCuneba unda iyos.

am amocanis misaRwevad, erovnulma bankma fulis emisiisa da ekonomikuri zrdis erTmaneTTan Sesabamisoba unda uzrunvelyos.

Tu es piroba dairRveva da fulis raodenoba metad gaizrdeba, vidre warmoebuli produqcia, maSin qveynis ekonomikaSi Warbi fuli aRmoCndeba. Warbi fuli produqciaze moTxovnas gazrdis, rac arasakmarisi raodenobis produqciis pirobebSi fasebis gardau-val zrdas gamoiwvevs.

jerjerobiT, erovnuli banki am amo-canis Sesrulebas ver axerxebs.

seqtembris monacemebiT, ukanaskne-li 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi bankebsgareT

mimoqcevaSi arsebuli da moTxovnamde depozitebze ganTavsebuli laris rao-denoba 22 procentiT gaizarda.

es im dros, roca ekonomikuri zrdis tempi mniSvnelovnad Senelebulia.

2009 wels qarTulma ekonomikam 3.9 procentiT naklebi produqcia Seqmna 2008 welTan SedarebiT. Tumca, eko-nomikis klebis miuxedavad, erovnul-

ma bankma mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis raodenoba gazarda, ramac samomxmare-blo fasebis donis 3 procentiT zrda gamoiwvia.

2010 wels saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi saqarTveloSi 5-dan 6 procenta-mde ekonomikur zrdas prognozirebs.

Tumca, gasuli cxra Tvis maCveneble-biT, mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis ra-


ekonomika

odenobis zrdis tempma ramdenimejer ukve gadaaWarba mosalodneli ekono-mikuri zrdis am maCvenebels. Sedegad, oqtombris bolosTvis wina wlis Sesa-bamis periodTan SedarebiT inflaciam 9.6 procenti Seadgina.

inflaciis donis dasadgenad samomx-mareblo fasebis indeqss iyeneben.

saqarTveloSi es indeqsi 266 saxis ZiriTadi moxmarebis saqonlisa da mom-saxurebisgan Sedgeba.

indeqsSi yvela saqonels da momsa-xurebas Tavisi wili aqvs. produqtis wili ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdens xarjaven masze momxmareblebi. yvelaze maRali wili aqvT iseT pro-duqtebs, romelTa moxmarebazec uaris Tqma rTulia. magaliTad, puri, karto-fili, xorci, eleqtroenergiis, gazis da telefonis gadasaxadi, mgzavrobis safasuri da a.S.

rac ufro maRali wili aqvs produ-qts, misi fasis zrda met gavlenas ax-dens inflaciis saboloo maCvenebelze.

xSirad saqarTveloSi fasebis saerTo donis matebas msoflio bazarze sxva-dasxva produqtis gaZvirebiT xsnian. es mcdari mosazrebaa, radgan, rogorc wesi, igive produqtebis gaZvireba mso-flios sxva qveynebSi fasebze naklebad aisaxeba.

magaliTad, 2010 wlisTvis aRmosav-leT evropis qveynebSi inflaciis mosa-lodneli done saSualod 5 procentia,

ganviTarebad qveynebSi 6 procentamde, mTlianad msoflioSi 3 procentamde. saqarTveloSi ki, 2010 wlis bolosTvis inflaciis mosalodneli maCvenebeli gansxvavebulia da daaxloebiT 9 pro-cents Seadgens.

msoflioSi inflaciis yvelaze daba-li done ganviTarebul qveynebSia. sa-valuto fondis monacemebiT, 2009 wels

inflaciam aq saSualod 1 procenti Seadgina, 2010 welsac 1 procentamde inflacias elodebian. aseTi dabali maCveneblis mizezi am qveynebis ekono-mikuri ganviTarebis done ar aris. piri-qiT, swored gaazrebuli monetaruli politika da inflaciis dabali done ganapirobebs maT ekonomikuri ganviTa-rebas.

Tu qveyanas swori monetaruli poli-tika aqvs, calkeul produqtze gazrdi-li msoflio fasebi inflaciis doneze ar aisaxeba, radgan moTxovna-miwodebis sabazro meqanizmi fasebis saerTo do-nis swrafad zrdas gamoricxavs.

magaliTad, Tu ramdenime produqtis fasma aiwia, xolo mosaxleobas dasa-xarji Tanxa igive aqvs, igi am produqts naklebs moixmars, ris Sedegadac gaZvi-rebuli produqti gaiafebas daiwyebs. xolo Tu am produqtis moxmarebis Se-mcireba ar SeuZlia, maSin sxva produ-qtebis moxmarebas Seamcirebs da maTi fasi daiwevs.

anu Tu zogierT produqtze fasebis matebasTan erTad mosaxleobas meti fuli ar miewodeba, inflaciuri spira-li ar ganviTardeba da fasebic mniSvne-lovnad ar gaizrdeba.

ratom ver axerxebs erovnuli banki mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis raodeno-bis iseTi tempiT zrdas, rac Sesabami-sobaSi iqneboda ekonomikur zrdasTan da ar gamoiwvevda fasebis zrdas?

amis upirvelesi mizezi 2010 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis 1,2 miliardiani deficitia, rac mZime tvirTad awevs sa-qarTvelos monetarul sistemas.

biujeti deficituria _ anu saxel-mwifo ufro met fuls xarjavs, vidre Semosavali aqvs.

es imas niSnavs, rom qveyanaSi arsebu-li fulis raodenobis zrdis mTavari

wyaro saxelmwifo xarjebi xdeba, rac kerZo seqtors azaralebs. mTavroba xarjavs fuls, roemlsac kerZo seqto-ri daxarjavda.

deficitis dasafinanseblad saxel-mwifo iRebs sesxs, rac saprocento ga-nakveTebs zrdis. gazrdili saprocen-to ganakveTebi, Tavis mxriv, amcirebs investiciebis ganxorcielebis SesaZle-blobas, rac saboloo jamSi, ekonomi-kur zrdas mniSvnelovnad aferxebs.

magaliTad, singapurSi, romlis `eko-nomikuri saswaulis~ ganmeorebasac saqarTvelos xelisufleba gvpirdeba, 2010 wels saxelmwifo biujetis Semosa-vlebi xarjebs mniSvnelovnad gadaaWar-bebs, anu biujetis proficiti mTliani Sida produqtis 2.4 procenti iqneba. saqarTveloSi ki, 2010 wels mTliani Sida produqtis 5.7 procents biuje-tis deficiti Seadgens.

erovnuli banki ver axerxebs dade-buli pirobis Sesrulebas da infla-ciis 6 procentamde SenarCunebas, rac mosaxleobaSi inflaciur molodinebs zrdis.

xalxi elodeba fasebis zrdas. es mo-lodini Tavad xdeba inflaciuri pro-cesebis dawyebis mizezi, radgan xalxi produqtebis momaragebas iwyebs maTi gaZvirebis SiSiT.

Zlierdeba undobloba erovnuli bankis politikisadmi da Semdegi wle-bisTvis dasaxuli antiinflaciuri politika veRar daarwmunebs mosaxle-obas, rom fasebi mniSvnelovnad aRar gaizrdeba.

Tu qveynis sabiujeto da monetaruli politika mniSvnelovnad ar Seicvleba, msoflio bazarze yovelTvis moiZebne-ba erTi an ori gaZvirebuli produ-qti, romelsac Semdeg fasebis donis zrda dabraldeba. fulis miwodebiT da saxelmwifo xarjebis gazrdiT ekonomi-kis stimulireba sabolood yovelTvis fasebis zrdaSi aisaxeba, rac grZelva-dian perspeqtivaSi qveyanas stagfla-ciamde miiyvans. stagflacia aris ise-Ti mdgomareoba, roca izrdeba fasebi da amavdroulad mcirdeba ekonomika da dasaqmeba.

erovnuli banki ver axerxebs dadebuli pirobis

Sesrulebas da inflaciis 6 procentamde SenarCunebas,

rac mosaxleobaSi inflaciur molodinebs zrdis.


sazogadoeba

`16 kvadratuli metris sigrZis iatakis SesaRebad 1.2 kilogrami saRebavi daixarja. ramdeni kilo-grami saRebavi iqneba saWiro 12 kv. metris iatakisTvis?~ _ es kiTxva 17 noembers ganaTlebis saministro-Si Sekrebil moswavleebs gamocdebis centris xelmZRvanelma maia miminoS-vilma dausva. mere ki TviTonve ase upasuxa:

`sasaciloa amis gaprotesteba. es xom umartivesia!~

miminoSvilma meTormeteklaselebs saatestato gamocdebis magaliTebi warudgina da daamSvida, „ZiriTadad aseTi testebi iqnebao.“

prezentacia, romelzec meTorme-teklaselebs dawvrilebiT auxsnes, rogor Catardeba saatestato gamo-cdebi, gamocdebis axali wesis ofi-cialurad gamocxadebidan 10 Tvis Tavze gaimarTa.

dimitri SaSkinisa da maia miminoS-vilis vrcel axsna-ganmartebebs win quCaSi gamosuli moswavleebis pro-testi uZRoda.

moswavleebis nawili, bolo ori kviraa, aqciebs marTavs, im mizeziT, rom rva gamocdis momzadebas mi-mdinare saswavlo wlis bolomde ver moaswreben.

gamocdebi rom `umartivesi~ iqne-ba, amis Sesaxeb moswavleebma pirve-lad aqciebis dawyebis dRes `rusTa-vi 2~-is siuJetidan Seityves. Semdeg ki dimitri SaSkinisa da maia mimi-

noSvilis prezentaciidan, romelzec ganaTlebis saministros mesveurebi ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi arw-munebdnen moswavleebs, rom gamoc-debis Cabareba aravis gauWirdeba.

„saSualo donis moswavle am tes-tebs dResve Caabarebs. cud moswa-vles ki gadameoreba dasWirdeba. rTuli kiTxvebi testebidan mTlia-nad amoRebulia. mxolod saSualo da martivi magaliTebia,“ _ ganacxa-da dimitri SaSkinma prezentaciaze.

„wels moswavleebis 95 procenti Caabarebs!“ _ winaswarmetyvelebs ga-naTlebis ministri.

rogorc ministri ambobs, es `SeRa-vaTebi~ moswavleebs swored imitom dauwesdaT, rom `aqamde ganaTlebis sistemaSi Secdomebi iyo daSvebuli~.

„orosnebic“ da SaSkinic erTnai-rad aRiareben, rom meTormetekla-selebs sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi codnis dabali done aqvT, rac swav-lebis xarvezia.

„jer erTi, trimestrulad gvaswa-vlidnen am sagnebs. erT sagans cota xani eTmoboda. meorec, Cven im oTx saganze viyaviT orientirebulni, rac misaReb gamocdebSi unda Cagve-barebina. rva sagnis safuZvlianad gasameoreblad bolo erTi weli sak-marisi ar aris,“ _ ambobda 9 noembers parlamentis win gamarTuli aqciis erT-erTi monawile.

daaxloebiT imave azrzea gamoc-debis centris xelmZRvaneli maia

miminoSvilic. igi ambobs, rom sko-lebSi swavlebis donem bolo wlebSi „progresi ki ara, regresi ganicada. gansakuTrebiT, sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi.“

miminoSvilic da SaSkinic am „re-gress“ saskolo reformebis avtore-bs abraleben.

erT-erT mTavar `damnaSaved~ tri-mestruli swavleba saxeldeba.

sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis tri-mestruli swavleba 2006-2007 saswa-vlo wels SemoiRes, roca ganaTlebis ministri kaxa lomaia iyo. „trimes-truli“ swavlebis dros moswavleebi qimias, fizikas da biologias erTi wlis manZilze, oRond sxvadasxva dros gadiodnen. pirvel sam Tves

ganaTleba

rva "umartivesi" gamocda saatestato gamocdebi 2010-2011 saswavlo wlis bolos mainc

Catardeba. Tumca, saministro winaswar debs pirobas, rom mis

Cabarebas `moswavleTa 95%~ SeZlebs.

rusudan fanoziSvili


sazogadoeba

moswavleebi mxolod biologias swa-vlobdnen, Semdeg Tveebze ki danar-Ceni ori sagani iyo ganawilebuli.

wlevandel meTormeteklasele-bs, am principiT sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis Seswavla naklebad SeexoT _ mxolod erTi weli.

reformis maSindel avtorebs miaCndaT, rom ufro efeqturi iqne-boda, Tu moswavleebi ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi mxolod erT samecnie-ro saganze koncentrirdebodnen.

dimitri SaSkinis ganaTlebis sa-ministroSi mosvlis Semdeg trimes-truli swavleba gauqmda.

erTi wlis win gamocdebis erov-nulma centrma saerTaSoriso kvleva gamoaqveyna, romelic sabunebisme-

tyvelo sagnebSi qarTveli moswavle-ebis codnis dabal dones aCvenebda.

„Tumca, aravin aRniSna, rom es kvleva im Taobaze Catarda, ro-melsac sabunebismetyvelo sagnebi swored Zveli saswavlo gegmis mi-xedviT hqonda naswavli,“ _ ambobs simon janaSia, romelic erovnul saswavlo gegmebs 2005-2009 wlebSi xelmZRvanelobda. „Sedegebi katas-trofuli iyo, magram amiT mxolod is dasturdeboda, rom trimestre-bis SemoRebamde swavleba araefe-qturi iyo da saWiro iyo cvlile-bebi.“

saatestato gamocdebisTvis mosa-mzadeblad da ganvlili programis gasameoreblad, meTormeteklase-

lebs specialuri abituris saaTebi dauniSnes.

àbiturebze~ daswreba moswavlee-bisTvis savaldebulo ar aris.

moswavleebis mier arCeul dReeb-Si, kviraSi erTi an ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi, rvave sagnis maswav-lebeli valdebulia, moswavleebs ganvlili masala gaameorebinos, da testebze avarjiSos. moswavleebis nawili ambobs, rom abiturebs xSi-rad acdens, rom repetitorebTan siarulisTvis meti dro darCes.

`liberali~ Tbilisis 24-e saja-ro skolaSi maTematikaSi àbituris~ gakveTils daeswro. moswavleebma da maswavlebelma gakveTilis ganma-vlobaSi ori amocanis amoxsna mo-

àbituris~ gakveTili Tbilisis 24-e sajaro skolaSi, 2010

fo

to

lev

an x

erxe

ul

iZe


sazogadoeba

2010 wlis zafxulSi moswavleebs

gamocdis Casabareblad misvla rva-

jer mouwevT. testebi 8 saganSi sxva-

dasxva dRes Catardeba. TiToeuli

sagnis gamocda mTel saqarTveloSi

erTsa da imave dRes dainiSneba.

gamocdebze misul moswavleebs

furceli da kalami ar dasWirdebaT.

isini testebis eleqtronul versias

Seavseben.

gamocdebis centris xelZRvaneli

ambobs, rom wels testebze martivi da

saSualo sirTulis kiTxvebi iqneba.

erTi gamocda daaxloebiT saaTnaxe-

vars gastans. es imazea damokidebuli,

ramden kiTxvaze pasuxi dasWirdeba

TiToeul abiturients minimaluri

barieris gadasalaxavad.

pirvel SekiTxvaze pasuxis mixed-

viT, kompiuteruli programa arCevs,

Semdeg ra sirTulis SekiTxva dasvas.

Tu moswavle ramdenime kiTxvas swo-

rad ver upasuxebs, maSin mas kompiu-

teri ufro martiv kiTxvebs SesTava-

zebs.

testis dasrulebis Semdeg moswav-

leebs iqve SeuZliaT gaigon, gadala-

xes Tu ara minimaluri zRvari.

saatestato gamocdebi amjerad

sagamocdo centrebis nacvlad, sko-

lebSi Catardeba. 2005 wlidan erTiani

erovnuli gamocdebis erT-erT siax-

le isic iyo, rom abiturientebi umaR-

les saswavleblebSi ki ara, sagamo-

cdo centrebSi, erTad iyridnen Tavs.

es meTodi procesis gamWvirvalobasa

da obieqturobas uwyobda xels.

gadawyvetili ar aris, vin daakvir-

deba 2011 wlis gamocdebs. savarau-

dod, damkvirveblebi skolis maswa-

vleblebi ar iqnebian. gamocdebis

centris xelmZRvaneli ambobs, rom

yvela skolaSi video-Tvali ganTavs-

deba.

aqvs Tu ara saqarTveloSi yvela

skolas gamocdebis Casatareblad

sakmarisi kompiuteri? kompiutere-

bis raodenobis Sesaxeb gamocdebis

centrSi jer ar ician. amis gamokv-

leva axla daiwyes. maia miminoSvili

varaudobs, rom skolebis 80 % kom-

piuterebiT saTanado raodenobiT

momaragebas SeZlebs. danarCeni 20

%-dan ki moswavleebs sxva, „kompiu-

terian“ skolebSi gadaanawileben.

rogor Catardeba saatestato gamocdebi

aswres. amasobaSi zaric daireka da abiturisTvis gankuTvnili 40 wuTic amoiwura.

`abituri naswavli masalebis ra-Rac nawilis gameorebis saSuale-bas gvaZlevs, amitom sasargebloa daswreba,“ _ aRniSnes 24-e skolis moswavleebma gakveTilis damTavre-bis Semdeg.

Tumca, moswavleebsac da maTemati-kis maswavlebels, nunu yvelaSvilsac miaCniaT, rom kviraSi erTi saaTi skolaSi mTeli ganvlili masalis ga-meorebisTvis sakmarisi ar iqneba.

„amitom zogjer gakveTilebida-nac viparavT xolme dros,“ _ ambobs maswavlebeli.

moswavleebi ki Tavs imiT imSvide-ben, rom Tu yvelafris gameorebas ver moaswreben, „minimaluri barie-ris gadalaxvas mainc moaxerxeben.“

axla maT ori ZiriTadi sazrunavi aqvT: minimaluri barieri gadalaxon da im „saWiro“ sagnebSi moemzadon, romlebic maT umaRles saswavle-belSi misaRebad dasWirdebaT.

24-e skolis abituris gakveTil-ze yvela meTormeteklaselma Tqva,

rom damatebiT repetitorebTanac emzadeba.

rogorc ganaTlebis ministrma aR-niSna, rva gamocdis SemoRebis mTava-ri mizani, pirvel rigSi, `bavSvebis skolaSi dabruneba~ da „repetito-rebis institutis“ dasusteba iyo.

axali gamocdebis ideis avtore-bi miiCnevdnen, rom bavSvebi sko-las bolo wlebis reformebma kidev ufro moswyvita da repetitorebis aqtualoba lomaiasdroindeli re-formebis `damsaxurebacaa~ .

erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi sa-qarTveloSi pirvelad 2005 wels Catarda. maSin moswavleebs sami an oTxi savaldebulo gamocdis Cabare-ba uwevdaT.

mogvianebiT, 2009 wels, preziden-tis iniciativiT misaReb gamocdebs meoTxe savaldebulo sagani daemata. Tumca, maleve gamocxadda, rom mom-devno wels ukve gamocdebis ricxvi aTamde gaizrdeboda, da gamosaSveb da misaReb gamocdebs gaaerTianebda. seqtembridan ki ukve cnobili gaxda, rom am gamocdebs moswavleebi kom-piuteris saSualebiT Caabareben da gamocdebze misvla rvajer mouwevT. oRond, ara sagamocdo centrebSi, aramed sakuTar skolebSi.

„erTi pedagogis bevrma moswav-lem rom ver Caabaros testebi, da-ekisreba Tu ara raime pasuxismge-bloba am maswavlebels?“ „imaze Tu ifiqreT, eqnebaT ki regionis skolebs saTanado raodenobis kom-piuterebi, rom gamocdebi Caata-ron?“ „skolebSi gamocdebis pro-cess vin gaakontrolebs?“ _ es kiTxvebi ganaTlebis saministroSi gamarTul Sexvedraze Tavad moswa-vleebma dasves, romelTa codnis dabal doneze dRes bevrs saubro-ben. 17 noembers ganaTlebis sami-nistroSi gamarTul prezentaciaze isini bevrad ufro gabedulebi da Tavdajerebulebi Candnen, vidre amave darbazSi araerTxel Sekrebi-li maTi pedagogebi da direqtore-bi.


sazogadoeba

decentralizacia

quTaisic qalaqia...saqarTvelos `meore dedaqalaqis~ mSenebloba dawyebulia.

Tea zibzibaZe, quTaisi

mzadeba saqarTvelos prezidentis dasaxvedrad quTaisis operis Teatris win, 16 noemberi 2010


sazogadoeba

erTi cnobili miTis Tanaxmad, 1787 wlis gazafxulze Tavad grigori po-tiomkins imperatorma axali sofle-bis aSeneba daavala da saamisod sak-marisze meti Tanxac gamouyo. Tavads arc mSeneblobis saqme esmoda kargad, da arc fulis yairaTianad xarjvis, samagierod, msaxioburi niWiT ganTq-mul potiomkins, rogorc ambobdnen, ar aklda ekaterine meoris piradi keTilganwyoba. rogorc mosalodne-li iyo, potiomkins fuli qeifsa da drostarebaSi Semoelia. ekaterine meores amis Sesaxeb xmebi miuvida da gadawyvita, Tavad moenaxulebina sa-muSaoebi. potiomkinma martivi gamo-savali ipova: axali sofeli ramdenime kviraSi Seqmna, aaSenebina butafo-riuli Teatri, saavadmyofo, skola, kino da mxolod ramdenime namdvili Senoba. soflis mosanaxuleblad Ca-suli ekaterine swored am SenobebSi Seiyvanes, axlad aSenebuli ulamazesi sofeli ki mxolod daanaxes. impera-torma sofeli nasiamovnebma datova.

kmayofili Canda mixeil saakaSvi-lic, quTaisSi operis danaxvisas. `piri maqvs daRebuli, iseTi sila-mazea da ris Tqma mindoda, dama-viwyda...~ _ ase daiwyo prezidentma Tavisi gamosvla Teatris reabiliti-rebuli fasadis win Sekrebili sazo-gadoebis winaSe.

operaquTaisis operis Teatris Senobis

rekonstruqcia mSenebel firmasTan gaformebuli kontraqtis mixedviT, 22 noembers unda dasrulebuliyo. Tumca, Teatris Senoba (fasadis gar-da) xaraCoebSia Casmuli.

ìanvrisTvis yvelaferi dasrulde-ba,~ _ ambobs samSeneblo kompania Sps `dagis~ samuSaoTa mwarmoebeli el-guja deisaZe. mis kompanias quTaisis meriam Teatris sareabilitacio samu-SaoebisTvis jer 2 milioni, jamSi ki 4 milioni lari gamouyo.

ès Senoba konstruqciulad mtkice ar iyo, ris gamoc Cven gamagrebiTi samuSaoebis Catarebac dagvWirda,~ _

ambobs Sps `dagis~ samuSaoTa mwarmo-ebeli.

samuSaoebi Seaferxa operis Tea-tris Weris moxatvis gamo momxdarma gaugebrobamac. rogorc gairkva, Weri ukve moxatulia, Tumca is quTaisis merias ar moswons. mxatvrebi, vinc es samuSaoebi Seasrules, swored meriam SearCia.

ùbralod, aris xarvezebi, rom-lebic mxatvrebma unda gaasworon~, _ ambobs meriis aparatis sazogado-ebasTan da presasTan urTierTobis sakiTxebSi mTavari specialisti qeTi deisaZe.

àxla apireben, rom germanuli Spa-leri gadaakran Werze,~ _ ambobs Te-mur TadumaZe, mxatvari, romlis eski-zis mixedviTac moixata operis Weri.

Tavad mSeneblebi ki am gaugebrobas samuSaoebis dasrulebis gadavadebis gasamarTleblad iyeneben. `moxatvis xarisxi ar iyo saWiro donis, ris ga-moc dRes xaraCoebs vawyobT da unda moxdes xarvezebis gasworeba,~ _ ambo-bs elguja deisaZe.

Tumca, gasakeTebeli jer kidev bevria. `scenis nawilze mimdina-reobs sxivebis mowyoba. iatakebi igeba, TabaSir-muyaos elementebiT

xdeba iarusebis gawyoba, Semdeg gakeTdeba kedlebi,~ _ amboben mSe-neblebi.

operis fasadi 16 noembers daCqa-rebuli tempebiT daasrules, mas Se-mdeg, rac iq prezidentis gamosvla daigegma. samuSaoebi mixeil saakaS-vilis misvlamde ramdenime wuTiT adrec mimdinareobda.

`quTaisi gadaiqceva meore deda-qalaqad,~ _ am pirobis Sesasrule-blad saakaSvilma sagangebo da-valebebi jer kidev 2008 wlis 7 maiss quTaisSi, mTavrobis gasvliT sxdomaze gasca da sazogadoebas sami saxelmwifo uwyebis (kontro-lis palatis, gzebis departamen-tisa da semekis) quTaisSi gadata-nis Sesaxeb auwya. prezidentma iqve aeroportis reabilitaciis sakiT-xic axsena. mogvianebiT am inicia-tivebs quTaisis jer industriul centrad, Semdgom saparlamento qalaqad qceva, operis Teatris `la skalad~ gadakeTeba, yinulis moed-nis mSenebloba, saTafliis nakrZa-lis gaSeneba da velogzis mowyoba daemata. oficialurad daiwyo sa-prezidento programa _ `quTaisi _ meore dedaqalaqi~.

ganaxlebuli istoriuli ubani quTaisSi


sazogadoeba

pirveli proeqti _ Zveli qalaqisaprezidento programis fargleb-

Si pirveli `sazeimo gaxsna~ 2008 wlis 21 dekembers (mixeil saakaSvilis dabadebis dReze) moewyo. quTaisis mTavrobam stumrad Camosul prezi-dents ganaxlebuli istoriuli ubani daaxvedra. radgan ubnis aSeneba ver moeswro, prezidents mxolod Senobe-bis gare fasadebi daaTvalierebines. `TeTr xidTan~ sami axali sastumros arsebobas mxolod Senobebis wina ke-dlebi adasturebda. am sami sastu-mrodan erT-erTs dResac mxolod is erTi, wina kedeli aqvs.

istoriuli ubnis didi nawili axlac butaforiaa. proeqtis mixed-viT dagegmili obieqtebi, jerjero-biT arsad Cans. magaliTad, wminda ninos #9-Si, romelic proeqtSi #17 saxlad aris dafiqsirebuli, frangu-li kafe unda ganTavsebuliyo. Tu-mca am SenobaSi dRemde Tojinebis

Teatria, meore-mesame sarTulebze ki `nacionaluri moZraobis~ ofisi. am Senobas mxolod gare fasadi aqvs Secvlili da axali xis kar-fanjaraa Casmuli.

istoriul ubanSi arc TeTri xidia~ proeqtis mixedviT mowyobili. xidi dResac avariul mdgomareobaSia.

istoriuli ubnis rekonstruqciaze 18 milioni lari ukve daixarja. sam-Seneblo samuSaoebs kompania `Tbili-si~ asrulebda. sul rekonstruqcia-reabilitacia Cautarda 31 Senobas da aSenda 7 axali nageboba.

adgilobrivebi amboben, rom isto-riul ubanSi restavrirebuli nawi-lic ki ukve dazianebulia.

`filebs wvimaSi agebdnen da uxa-risxo iqneboda, aba ra. gzebi Tavida-naa gasakeTebeli,~ _ ambobs quTaise-li badri javaxaZe.

`amoyril qvafenils da dazianebul adgilebs verc me varideb Tvals. mo-mavali wlis biujetSi gansazRvruli gvaqvs da aucileblad gamovaswo-rebT, rogorc am dazianebebs, aseve TeTr xids,~ _ acxadebs imereTis gu-bernatori laSa maqacaria.

istoriuli ubnis teritoriaze dazianebebis xarisxi axla ramdenime firmam unda Seiswavlos. Semdeg yve-laferi isev Tavidan daiwyeba _ aRd-geniTi samuSaoebis SesrulebisTvis tenderi gamocxaddeba. `am samuSaoe-bs im kompanias mivandobT, romelic nakleb Tanxebs moiTxovs,~ _ ambobs quTaisis keTilmowyobis samsaxuris ufrosi andro maRlakeliZe.

kontrolis palata jerjerobiT fasaduria quTaisSi

saxelmwifo uwyebebis gadasvlac. amis magaliTi saqarTvelos kontrolis palataa. am uwyebisTvis gankuTvnili

axali Senoba quTaisSi prezident-ma ivnisSi sazeimo viTarebaSi gaxsna. Tumca dRemde Tbilisidan quTaisSi kontrolis palatis mxolod erTi departamenti _ adgilobrivi TviTm-marTvelobebis biujetebis auditi gadmovida. quTaisSi `sanaxaobrivad~ gadmosul uwyebaTa Sorisaa gzebis departamenti. quTaisis ofisSi sul ramdenime adamiani muSaobs.

parlamentisaprezidento programa `quTaisi

_ meore dedaqalaqis~ centraluri proeqti saqarTvelos parlamentis axali Senobaa.

espaneli arqiteqtoris alberto domingo kabos mier Seqmnili proe-qtis mSenebloba 2010 wlis aprilSi daiwyo. mSeneblobas erT pirTan mo-laparakebis gziT SerCeuli Tbilisu-

ri kompania magistili~ axorcielebs, romlis qvekontraqtori firma `niu interneiSenalia~.

am droisTvis mSeneblobisTvis 55 milion laramdea gamoyofili.

mSenebare parlamentis Sesaxeb quTaisSi TiTqmis araferi ician _ es teritoria yvelasTvis daketilia. Soridan Cans, rom am droisTvis Seno-bis mxolod saZirkvelia amoyvanili. mSenebloba usasrulod ver gaiwele-ba, radgan 2012 wlis mowvevis parla-menti ukve quTaisSi unda Seikribos.

`Tqven gegonaT, marto parlamenti gadmodioda, magram nel-nela vipa-rebiT, nabij-nabij~, _ Tqva mixeil saakaSvilma 16 noembers quTaisis operis win gamosvlis dros. `jer Se-mogapareT parlamenti, axla _ mTa-vroba da ase vaxorcielebT quTaisis meore dedaqalaqad qcevis proeqts.~

mixeil saakaSvilma im dRes sapre-zidento programis kidev erT axal

obieqts _ mTavrobis sasaxles Cauya-ra safuZveli.

mSenebare parlamentis gverdiT 6-sarTuliani mTavrobis sasaxle `kavkasus roud projeqtma~ 12 TveSi unda aaSenos. is erTiani kompleqsis nawili iqneba, sadac parlamenti da sa-qarTvelos kontrolis palatac Seva. mTavrobis sasaxleSi Tavisi kabineti eqneba premier-ministrs. iqneba dar-bazebi samTavrobo SexvedrebisTvis da oTaxebi TanamSromlebisaTvis. am Senobis proeqtis avtoric alberto domingo kaboa.

`mTavrobis saxli gaixsneba erTi wlis Tavze. parlaments dasWirdeba weliwadnaxevari. msoflioSi yvelaze lamazi parlamentis Senoba gveqneba,~ _ ganacxada prezidentma operis Tea-tris axlad SeTeTrebuli fasadis fonze.

istoriuli ubnis didi nawili axlac butaforiaa. proeqtis mixedviT dagegmili

obieqtebi, jerjerobiT arsad Cans. Senobebs mxolod gare fasadi aqvs Secvlili da

axali xis kar-fanjaraa Casmuli.


sazogadoeba

socialuri qselebi

is, rac Sen Sesaxeb yvelam icis milionobiT momxmareblis piradi informacia Facebook-idan 25-mde sareklamo kompaniis xelSi

moxvda. vis ekuTvnis Facebook-ze atvirTuli masalebi, Tqven Tu cukerbergs?

nana sajaia

17 noembers, pirvelad, Facebook-is istoriaSi „saerTaSoriso gan-megobrebis dRe“ aRiniSna. „ganme-gobrebis“ idea cnobil amerikel tele-wamyvan jimi kimels ekuTvnis. Facebook-is momxmareblebs kimelma ucnobi `megobrebis~ waSla da maTi grZeli siis Sekveca urCia. mis ideas 17 noembers diliTve, TiTqmis 6 aTa-si mimdevari gamouCnda.

„zogs Facebook-ze asobiT da aTa-sobiT megobari hyavs. ver warmo-midgenia, ratom unda daumegobrde adamians, romelsac realur cxovre-baSi uaxles ambebs an foto albome-bs ar gauziarebdi. me mxolod imaT vimegobreb, visac Cemi Svilis ambebs movuyvebodi~, _ wers kimeli „ganme-gobrebis“ gverdze da dasZens rom mas sul raRac 170 megobari hyavs. kimelisTvis Facebook-i megobrobis ideas akninebs, radganac is aTasobiT `frendis~ yolis SesaZleblobas iZ-leva.

msoflio masStabiT ukve 500 milio-ni adamianisTvis piradi monacemebis,

cxovrebiseuli siaxleebis da fotoe-bze gamoxatuli emociebis gaziarebis mTavari adgili Facebook-ia. mas rom teritoria hqondes, is mosaxleobis sididiT mesame yvelaze didi qveyana iqneboda (CineTis da indoeTis Semdeg). am „qveynis mosaxleobis“ Cvevebi da cxovrebis stili, maTi urTierTobe-bi damqiraveblebTan da sayvarlebTan, megobrebTan da ubralo nacnobebTan, 20 wlis harvardeli studentis mier gamogonilma socialurma qselma Zi-reulad Secvala.

Seicvala piradi da sajaro infor-maciis aRqmac.

oqtomberSi Facebook-is xelmZR-vanelobam aRiara, rom partniorma kompaniebma, romlebic socialuri qselisTvis damatebebiT aplikaciebs (programebs) qmnidnen, momxmareble-bis saidentifikacio nomrebi broke-rebs mihyides. Sedegad, es piradi informacia sareklamo kompaniebis xelSi aRmoCnda.

Facebook-is mier momxmarebelTa personaluri monacemebis gayidvas-

Tan dakavSirebiT Jurnalisturi gamoZieba pirvelad amerikulma ga-zeT Wall Street Journal-Si gamoqveynda. statiis mixedviT, milionobiT momx-mareblis piradi informacia 25-mde sareklamo kompaniis xelSi moxvda, rasac kompaniebi sareklamo kampanie-bis dagegmvisTvis iyenebdnen. piradi monacemebi Facebook-idan saTamaSo aplikaciebiT igzavneboda, maT So-ris erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli qseluri TamaSis _ `farmvilis~ meS-veobiT.

Tu internetis pirvel wlebSi in-formaciis Riaoba da Tavisufali ga-cvla momxmareblebs mxolod teqno-logiuri utopia egonaT, dRes ukve cxadia, rom socialur vebgverdze daufiqreblad ganTavsebuli infor-macia aTasobiT kompaniisTvis oqrod fasobs.

qselSi gamoqveynebuli informacia da fotoebi avtorebis winaaRmdeg ramdenjerme gamoiyenes _ gaxmaurda ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac dam-saqmeblebi samsaxuris maZieblebis Facebook-is profils, maT fotoebs da statusebs amowmebdnen. Sedegad, araerTi uaris safuZveli gamxdara WiqiT xelSi an nasvam mdgomareobaSi gadaRebuli fotoebi.

koneqtikutSi mcxovreb eqTans, romelmac Tavis ufrosze gabrazeba Facebook-ze ganxilvis Temad aqcia, es samsaxuris fasad daujda. 2009 wels kanadel qalbatons ki depre-siisTvis daniSnuli sargebeli sada-zRvevo kompaniam mas Semdeg gauuqma, rac qalma Tavis gverdze garTobis amsaxveli fotoebi atvirTa, sadac is megobrebTan erTad erToboda. kanadurma dazRvevis asociaciam am


sazogadoeba

gadawyvetilebas „samarTliani Tama-Si“ uwoda.

beso gulaSvili fotografia, is Facebook-ze weliwadnaxevris win, Tavisi fotoebis gasaziareblad da maTze megobrebis azris gasagebad daregistrirda. damwyebi Facebook-eli socialur qsels ucxoel kole-gebTan urTierTobis saSualebadac ganixilavda: „erTgvarad mini gamo-fena iyo, vdebdi fotoebs da mego-brebi da kolegebi mwerdnen TavianT azrs“, _ ambobs gulaSvili da ixsene-bs, rom sanam fotoebs atvirTavda, didxans ifiqra, radgan internetSi dadebuli fotoebis moparvis ga-mocdileba ukve hqonda. mcdelobis miuxedavad, maSin verc saavtoro uflebis damtkiceba SeZlo da verc kompensacia miiRo:

„cifrul fotoebze saavtoro uflebis damtkiceba ufro rTu-lia. Tu Facebook-ze deb 600-900 pi-qselian fotos, am fotos gadideba xarisxis gaufuWeblad bilbordis zomazec ki SeiZleba, anu nebismie-ri fotos moparvaa SesaZlebeli“, _ ambobs gulaSvili, romlemac socia-lur qselze Tavisi gverdis gauqme-ba erTi kviris win gadawyvita. misi TqmiT fotoebi, metad uRirs, vidre megobrebis komentarebi.

telekompania ABC-sTan saubarSi mark cukerbergma aRiara, rom man bevri Secdoma dauSva, maT Soris, pirad informaciasTan dakavSirebiT: „gulwrfelad rom vTqva, es erT-er-Ti mizezia, rac Facebook-s ase sain-teresos xdis. Cven industriis wina xazze varT da Sesabamisad yvela im

gamowvevas vxvdebiT, romelzec pir-dapiri pasuxi jerjerobiT arc ar-sebobs“, _ Tqva cukerbergma.

Secdomebis miuxedavad, Facebook-is 500 milioni momxmareblidan, so-cialur qsels aqtiurad, sul mci-re dReSi erTxel, 50% iyenebs. maT qselSi CasaTrevad silikon veliSi 1600 axalgazrda kompiuteris moni-torebTan muSaobs.

„aseTia demokratia _ xalxisTvis xmis da gadawyvetilebis uflebis micemiT qmni sistemas, sadac yvela kargad grZnobs Tavs. am saqmeSi Cvens rols Zalauflebis xalxisTvis mice-maSi vxedavT“, _ morcxvad ambobs ka-meris win Facebook-is damfuZnebeli.

26 wlis cukerbergis mizania, Face-book-ze mTeli msoflio mosaxleoba gawevriandes.

1. dablokeT COOKIES Tqvens brauzerze

roca internetSi daZvre-

biT, vebgverdebze, romle-

bsac stumrobT, Tqvenze

aTasobiT monacemi avtoma-

turad grovdeba. Cookie-s

dablokviT, marTalia

ufro xSirad mogiwevT

koduri sityvis akrefa,

magram Tqveni monacemebis

dacvisTvis _ Rirs.

2. socialur qselze daregistrirebisas srulad nu miuTiTebT Tqveni dabadebis TariRs

Tu mainc gindaT, mego-

brebs Tqveni dabadebis

dRe Facebook-iT Seaxse-

noT, aucilebeli ar aris,

sruli TariRi miuTiToT,

gamotoveT dabadebis

weli.

3.nu gadmotvirTavT FACEBOOK-is damatebebiT aplikaciebs

socialuri qselis dama-

tebebis (quizebi, TamaSebi)

meSveobiT advilia Tqveni

piradi informaciis Segro-

veba, romelsac zogierTi

kompania iparavs, kargavs an

ubralod yidis.

4. gamoiyeneT ramdenime saxeli da koduri sityva

Tu socialuri qselis,

fostisa da internet

bankis gamoyenebisas erTi

da imave kodur sityvas

iyenebT, Tqveni `pasvordis~

gatexis riski gacilebiT

maRalia.

5. amoewereT saZiebo vebgverdebidan

Tu ukve daregistrir-

diT piradi informaciis

saZiebo vebgverdebze

(magaliTad, Flickr, LinkedIN)

waSaleT Tqveni monacemebi

am gverdebidan.

6. akontroleT Tqveni piradi monacemebi socialur qselze

Facebook iZleva imis

SesaZleblobas, rom

Tavad akontroloT, vis

ra informaciaze miuwv-

deba xeli Tqvens gverdze.

xSirad gadaamowmeT Tqveni

monacemebis sajarooba.

7. daxureT Zveli angariSebi

Tu hotmail-s, odnoklas-

nikebs an MySpace-s

warsulSi iyenebdiT,

umjobesia Tqveni gverdebi

waSaloT, amiT Tqvens Se-

saxeb zedmet informacias

waSliT.

rogor davicvaT piradi informacia Facebook-ze


sazogadoeba

ganaTleba

Cemi "buki"dawyebiT klasebSi netbukebis integrirebis Semdeg meqsikaSi am moswavleebma Tanatolebze

orjer ukeTesi akademiuri Sedegebi aCvenes. rogor Secvlis kompiuteri qarTveli

pirvelklaselebis cxovrebas?

naTia axalaSvili

`cifruli CarTuloba saganmana-Tleblo sistemaSi saswavlo process gacilebiT ufro saxalisos xdis. es imas niSnavs, rom nigeriis mivardni-li soflis erT patara gogonas Ta-visi saskolo davalebisTvis iseTive amomwuravi informaciis mopoveba Seu-Zlia, rogorc mis Tanatolebs vaSing-tonSi an CineTSi~.

nigeriis mecnierebisa da teqno-logiis ministrma tarner isunim ase waradgina Tavis qveyanaSi kompania ìntel~-is proeqti, romlis mixedvi-Tac specialurad saganmanaTleblo miznebisTvis Seqmnili kompiuterebi nigeriuli sajaro skolebis saswavlo procesis nawili gaxda.

ìntel~-is e.w. Classmate PC, anu saklaso kompiuteri, Cveulebrivi, mcire zomis netbuqia. mas saswavlo procesis gaumjobesebisTvis mso-flios 50-ze met qveyanaSi milionze meti moswavle iyenebs.

axali saswavlo wlidan lurji fe-ris, patara da mosaxerxebeli net-buqiT skolaSi siaruli meqsikel, nigeriel, tailandel da indoel bavS-vebTan erTad, qarTvelma pirvelkla-selebmac daiwyes.

ìntel~-s, `maikrosoft~-sa da gana-Tlebisa da mecnierebis saministros Soris xelSekruleba 28 maiss gafor-mda. axali programa Cemi pirveli kom-piuteri~ ki Tbilisis sam da werovanis, zugdidis, baTumisa da mestiis ramde-nime sajaro skolis pirvel klasebSi seqtembridan amoqmedda.

Tumca CvenTan am programis arsi ba-vSvebisTvis, maswavleblebisa da mSo-blebisTvis ise martivad da gasagebad

aravis auxsnia, rogorc es nigerielma ministrma gaakeTa.

„es kompiuterebi momavali saswavlo wlis pirveli seqtembridan yvela Cvens pirvelklasel bavSvs daurigdeba. mas-Si yvela saxelmZRvanelo CaitvirTe-ba. amitom Cven wignebis darigeba aRar dagvWirdeba. aseTi kompiuteri bavSve-bs gahyveba 4-5-6 weli. da es realurad iqneba maTi sagzuri momaval cxovreba-Si“, _ ganacxada aprilSi prezidentma. ramdenime dRis Semdeg ki ganaTlebi-sa da mecnierebis ministrma, dimitri SaSkinma mxolod is ganmarta, rom es kompiuterebi saxelmZRvaneloebs ar gamoricxavs, misi mTavari mizani ki isaa, rom „visac wignis yidvis saSuale-ba ar aqvs, ucodinari ar darCes“.

zemoT CamoTvlil qveynebTan saqar-Tvelos is aqvs saerTo, rom TiToeu-li maTgani kompiuterul revolucias axla iwyebs. saerToa problemebic. is,

rasac nigerielebi sakuTar Tavze am-boben, Tavisuflad SeiZleba qarTul realobasac moergos: `Cveni qveynis bevr regionSi interneti xelmisawvdo-mi ar aris. moswavleTa did nawils ki kompiuterisTvis xeli erTxelac ar Seuxia~.

miuxedavad amisa, am qveynebSi ìntel~-is saganmanaTleblo proeqtis mTavari misia kargad esmiT:

àr gvinda, rom bavSvebi mxolod informaciis momxmareblebad iqcnen. Cveni mizania, bavSvebma informacia TviTon awarmoon, gauCndeT ideebi, daagrovon codna da es yvelaferi sa-momavlod profesiis arCevisa da sazo-gadoebis samsaxurisTvis gamoiyenon~, _ ase ganmartavs dawyebiT klasebSi netbukebis darigebis arss meqsikaSi imave proeqtis akademiuri mrCeveli gvadalupe gonsalesi.

programas `Cemi pirveli kompiute-

Tbilisis zogierT skolaSi yvela pirvelklasels Tavis `buki~ aqvs

fo

to

gan

aTl

ebis

da

mecni

ereb

is s

amin

istros

sait

idan


sazogadoeba

ri~ menejerebi da mrCevelebi saqar-TveloSic hyavs. Tumca, maT am axali proeqtis miznebisa da funqciis ase Rrmad gaazreba arc evalebaT. kom-piuteris CarTva da gamorTva, axali dokumentis Seqmna da damaxsovre-ba, Zvelis gaxsna da kompiuterSi Ca-tvirTuli saganmanaTleblo TamaSebis gamoyeneba _ menejerebi pedagogebs, ZiriTadad, treningze naswavli am ma-salis gakveTilze gamoyenebaSi exma-rebian.

`jerjerobiT Cvenc bavSvebTan er-Tad vswavlobT. agvistodan daviwyeT da treningebi axlac grZeldeba. gveu-bnebian, rom Semdegi semestridan ukve yvela gakveTilze unda iyos CarTuli kompiuteri“, _ ambobs erT-erTi sapi-lote skolis pirveli klasis damri-gebeli da fiqrobs, rom kompiuteris ufro xSirad gamoyeneba Semdegi semes-tridan ar gauWirdeba.

is im maswavleblebis arcTu ise did ricxvs miekuTvneba, romlebic cdi-loben, netbuki saswavlo procesSi menejeris dauxmareblad CarTon. kom-piuters, ZiriTadad, axali asos axsnis dros viyeneb. ase ukve 14 aso viswav-leT, me dafasTan vmuSaob, bavSvebs ki netbukebi aqvT gaxsnili da ekranze uyureben, rogor iwereba is aso, rome-lic im dRes pirvelad iswavles~.

ìntelis~ am globalur proeqtSi monawile sxva ganviTarebad qveynebSi ukve pirvel warmatebebze saubroben. meqsikaSi amboben, rom dawyebiT kla-sebSi saswavlo procesSi netbukebis integrirebis Semdeg sapilote klase-bis moswavleebma orjer ukeTesi aka-demiuri Sedegebi aCvenes. am bavSvebs, Cveulebrivi klasis moswavleebTan Se-darebiT, maTematikasa da inglisurSi da kompiuterul mecnierebasa da te-qnologiebis safuZvlebSic ukeTesi

niSnebi hqondaT. saqarTveloSi sapilote swavlebis

pirveli Sedegebis analizi jer Seu-Zlebelia. sapilote klasebSi maswav-leblebica da moswavleebic jer isev kompiuterTan SeCvevis etapze arian. adaptaciis procesi ramdenime ingli-surenovani da qarTul enaze Sedgeni-li TamaSebiT mimdinareobs.

sapilote skolebis pirvelklase-lebs „ist“-is, anu informaciul-sako-munikacio teqnologiebis gakveTili, kviraSi erTxel utardebaT. patarebs im dRes skolaSi saxelmZRvaneloebiTa da rveulebiT savse CanTasTan erTad netbukebic miaqvT. àq ver davatove-bineb da verc yoveldRe vatarebineb Tan, amitom Tu sxva gakveTilze vapi-rebT kompiuteris gamoyenebas, bavS-vebs winaswar vafrTxileb xolme~, _ ganmartavs erT-erTi skolis damrige-beli.

`yvelaze Zalian TamaSebi momwons~, _ ambobs pirvelklaseli mariami.

`TamaSebi mec Zalian momwons, magram ukve cotaTi mombezrda~, _ pasuxobs 6 wlis nika.

maTi netbukebiT ukabelo inter-netiT sargeblobacaa SesaZlebeli. Tumca, imis gamo, rom sapilote sko-lebSi saTanado infrastruqtura jer ar aqvT, internets saswavlo miznebiT ver iyeneben da gakveTilebze mxolod kompiuterSi CatvirTuli saganmana-Tleblo TamaSebiT iqceven Tavs.

erTma 11 wlis meqsikelma biWma ki, romelic patara sofelSi cxovrobs, ramdenime xnis win, ìntel~-is netbuki mamis sasursaTo maRaziis ganviTare-bisTvis gamoiyena. skolaSi naswavli masalis daxmarebiT, man mSoblebs spe-cialuri programa Seudgina da saqon-lis mopovebisa da xarjTaRricxvis procesi gauadvila. es teqnologiu-

ri saswauli misma mSoblebmac aRia-res. axla am patara biWis ojaxi fuls agrovebs, rom sakuTari saojaxo kom-piuteri SeiZinos.

qarTvel moswavleebs kompiuteris ase universalurad gamoyeneba mxo-lod mas Semdeg SeeZlebaT, rac pro-grama Cemi pirveli kompiuteri~ ufro metad daixveweba, internetis SesaZle-blobebis saswavlo procesSi gamoye-nebas ki, pirvel rigSi, maswavleblebi SeZleben.

gegmis mixedviT, ukve wels, meore semestridan, maswavleblebisa da pirve-lklaselebis kompiuterebi erTmaneTs Sida qseliT unda daukavSirdes. maswav-lebels sakuTari noutbukiT mudmivad eqneba saSualeba, naxos, ras akeTebs esa Tu is moswavle konkretul momentSi. amave qselis meSveobiT is gascems dava-lebebs da moswavleebis mier Sesrule-bul masalas imave gziT miiRebs.

es pirveli klasebis pedagogebs wi-naswar aSinebT, radgan sakuTar unar-Cvevebsa da codnas ar endobian. Tu-mca, saministrodan brZanebis saxiT mowodebul iniciativas ar aprotes-teben da programis menejerebis daxma-rebis imedi aqvT.

momaval saswavlo wels bavSvebi amave kompiuterebiT gaagrZeleben swavlas. savaraudod am droisTvis netbukebis saganmanaTleblo Sinaarsi ufro daxvewili da mravalferovani unda gaxdes.

manamde ki, saqarTvelos ramdeni-me sajaro skolis pirvelklaselebi kompiuterTan muSaobis unar-Cveve-bs saganmanaTleblo TamaSebiT Sei-Zenen.

qarTuli TamaSebis dasrulebis Sem-deg netbukidan xma ismis _ àRar ginda TamaSi? bute-bute, gagebute, aRar ge-TamaSebi~.

sapilote klasebSi maswavleblebica da moswavleebic jer isev kompiuterTan

SeCvevis etapze arian. adaptaciis procesi ramdenime inglisurenovani da qarTul

enaze Sedgenili TamaSebiT mimdinareobs.


mark maleni

ra aris sazogadoebrivi jandacva?

sigaretis moweva, naxevarfabrikatebiT gamotenili maRaziebi, mxolod

manqaniT mgzavroba _ janmrTelobis dacva saqarTveloSi sul ufro

rTuli misia xdeba.

Tvalsazrisi

pirvelad, rodesac Cemi da, Tavis bavSvebTan erTad, saqarTveloSi Ca-movida, aRfrTovanebuli iyo imiT, Tu rogori janmrTelebi arian qar-Tveli bavSvebi. vinc ki amerikaSi yo-fila, dagidasturebT, rom iq (iseve, rogorc mdidari qveynebis umravle-sobaSi) TiTqmis simsuqnis epidemiis zRvarze arian.

ucnauria, magram rogorc wesi, ame-rikaSi Raribi xalxi ufro msuqania, vidre mdidari. mizezi soflis meur-neobis subsidiebi da sakvebi prudu-qciis sistemis organizaciaa _ Tu

bevri fuli ar gaqvs da Tan ramde-nime samsaxurSi muSaob, xSirad giwevs iseTi saWmlis yidva, romelic yve-laze iafi da mosaxerxebelia, magram amave dros, saSinlad asuqebs. mdidar xalxs ki SeuZlia janmrTeli, orga-nuli, saxlSi damzadebuli sakvebi Wamos.

saqarTveloSi axla sakvebisa da soflis meurneobis Sesaxeb diskusia aqtiurad mimdinareobs. dadebs sa-qarTvelo Tavisufali vaWrobis xel-Sekrulebas evrokavSirTan? Tu ki, maSin ras moutans es qarTul soflis

meurneobas? TbilisSi agraruli ba-zrebis raodenoba ukve Semcirda. `gudvils~ ki intensiurad Semoaqvs naxevarfabrikati sakvebi. es sakvebi mosaxerxebelia da Zviric ar Rirs, magram ubedureba is aris, rom asu-qebs. Cveni gemos receptorebi momar-Tulia sam rameze: Saqarze, marilsa da cximze. mniSvneloba ar aqvs, ra sa-xis damuSavebuli sakvebia, Tu bevri zemoT CamoTvlili ingredienti aqvs, maSin CvenTvis mosawoni iqneba. aqedan gamomdinare, droTa ganmavlobaSi naxevarfabrikati sakvebis mwarmoe-


Tvalsazrisi

blebma sakvebSi am sami ingredientis wili gazardes. savaWro barierebis mospobis Sedegad, industriuli, na-xevarfabrikati sakvebis mwarmoeble-bisTvis Zalian advilia sakvebi pro-duqciis saqarTveloSi Semotana.

axla, rodesac saqarTveloSi be-vrs hyavs avtomobili, adamianebis garkveuli klasi Seiqmna, romlebic fexiT saerTod ar dadis. adre War-bi wona mxolod ufrosi asakis xalxs awuxebda, axla ki iseTi bavSvebi iyu-rebian manqanebis fanjrebidan, an da-dian `gudvilSi~, rom wonis dakleba namdvilad ar awyendaT.

es ukve sazogadoebrivi jandacvis sakiTxia. ra aris sazogadoebrivi jandacva? es niSnavs sazogadoebis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis kuTxiT yvela donis politikuri gadawyveti-lebis gadaxedvas. qveynebi, romleb-sac saukeTeso sajaro jandacva aqvT, ZiriTadad nacionalizebuli janda-cvis sistemaze arian da amave dros, iq yvela politikur gadawyvetile-bas sajaro jandacvis perspeqtividan uyureben.

medicina calke sakiTxia. eqimebis saqme pacientebis mkurnalobaa. ar-sebobs qveynebi, sadac, Tu mdida-ri xar, avad gaxdoma mSvenieri ra-maa, xolo Tu Raribi xar _ yvelaze didi tragedia. amerika swored aseTi qveynis magaliTia. sajaro jandacvis perspeqtividan amerikas seriozuli problemebi aqvs.

saqarTvelos jandacvis sferoSi, bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, cota ram gakeTda. es marTlac kompleqsuri se-qtoria, da amas jandacvis reformaze erTwliani davis Semdeg, bevri ameri-keli dagidasturebT. amJamad saqar-TveloSi axali moZraoba warmoiSva, romlis mizanic jandacvis probleme-bis mogvarebaa. es Temebi bolo dros xSirad Cndeba axal ambebSi. pirveli da umTavresi sakiTxi, romelic jan-dacvis sakiTxze saubrisas aucile-blad unda gaviTvaliswinoT, eqimebsa da saavadmyofoebze sajaro xelmisa-wvdomobaa.

gv. 10

fasi 2 lari

arsebobs Tu ara samoqalaqo sazogadoeba? gv. 08

axali konstitucia gv. 14 / 23 / 26

ledi peilinis xmauri da mZvinvareba gv. 15

ori germania gv. 17

hamarbergis ganaCeni gv. 21

qarTuli wylis~ ofSoruli saidumlo gv. 28

yalbi yalibi _ qarxnuli ganaTleba gv. 33

`istoriuli simarTlis komisia~ gv. 36

teleiavnana _ reketi uflis saxeliT gv. 39

sad aris opozicia?

# 46 / 4 - 10 oqtomberi / 2010

fasi 2 lari

`kavkasiuri saxli~ usaxlod gv. 08

bagratis taZari mainc aRdgeba gv. 09

gvinda saakaSvili premier-ministrad? gv. 10

axali konstitucia gv. 20

ratom unda vixadoT gadasaxadebi gv. 23

prezidentis simboluri~ saCuqrebi gv. 25

samxedro kapitani saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg gv. 29

TviTmmarTvelobasTan xelSekruli televiziebi gv. 34

qarTveli xalxi siyalbis winaaRmdeg! gv. 48

# 42 / agvisto / 2010

meqanikuri forToxali

gv. 12

saqvelmoqmedo eqsperimenti

mozardebis tvinebze

Jurnalis gamosawerad dagvikavSirdiT telefonze:

(899) 48 62 41an mogvawodeT Tqveni

sakontaqto informacia

el-fostiT: [email protected]

wliuri xelmowera

mxolod 55 lari!

mxolod 2010 wlis 31 dekembramde

SegiZliaT gamoiweroT

Jurnali `liberali~

TiTqmis naxevar fasad!

isargebleT specialuri SeTavazebiT,

gamoiwereT Jurnali `liberali~

da miiReT Tqveni Jurnali

yovel orSabaTs

TqvenTvis sasurvel adgilas!

specialuri SeTavazeba

meore sakiTxia iseTi sistemis awyo-ba, romlis misawvdomobac mogvarebu-li iqneba maTTvis, visac mkurnalobis xarjebis dasafari fuli ar aqvs, an jandacvis dawesebulebebisgan mo-SorebiT cxovrobs, bavSvebisTvis, maTTvis, visac qronikuli daavade-bebi awuxebT da a.S. jandacva xel-misawvdomi unda iyos yvelasTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki maTTvis, vinc ise-dac dazaralebul mdgomareobaSia. sazogadoebas maTTan mimarTebaSi garkveuli pasuxismgebloba akisria. ra donis pasuxismgebloba da ra Se-mTxvevaSi, eg sadavo sakiTxia, magram mxolod Zalian gulqva adamianebi Tu ityvian, rom sazogadoebas maTTan mi-marTebaSi pasuxismgebloba saerTod ar aqvs.

mesame sakiTxia garkveuli tipis prevenciis danergva. yvelam icis, rom moweva klavs da swored amitom mwevelTa ricxvis Sesamcireblad zo-gierT mdidar qveyanaSi uamrav kanons da gamafrTxilebel posters aRmoa-CenT. aseTi sajaro jandacvis sakiTxi kidev mravalia, sadac mokrZalebuli winaswari investicia saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebas momaval did xarjebsa da mkurnalobis Zalisxmevas Tavidan aaridebs.

da bolos, sajaro jandacvis yve-laze rTuli aspeqti nebismieri po-litikuri gadawyvetilebis janda-cvis perspeqtividan ganxilvaa. axla mTavrobis prioriteti gadasaxadebis da biurokratiis Semcirebaa. am po-litikis Sedegia, rom saerTaSoriso standartebTan SedarebiT, saqarTve-loSi sigaretze gadasaxadebi nakle-bia da aqedan gamomdinare, filtvis kiboTi daavadebulTa ricxvic didia.

ase rom, jandacva ar niSnavs mxolod eqimebTan misvlas da maTTvis anazRau-rebis gadaxdas. janmrTelobis dacva, pirvel rigSi, Wkvianuri politikuri gadawyvetilebebis miReba da saxelmwi-fos swori damokidebulebaa mosaxle-obis janmrTelobis mimarT.

inglisuridan Targmna giorgi cxadaiam.


giorgi cxadaia

msoflios mTavari Tavsatexixelovnurad gaufasurebuli iuani _ rogor upasuxebs CineTi

sayovelTao ukmayofilebas?

Tvalsazrisi

msoflio ekonomikurma krizisma uamravi problema da erTi dadebiTi ram moitana: CineTis saxalxo respu-blikaSi sakuTar saeqsporto poli-tikas gadaxedes. Cineli saxelmwifo moxeleebi mixvdnen, rom maT saeqs-porto saqonelze moTxovna SesaZloa, ar iyos maradiuli. sxva mTavrobebis mier tarifebisa da kvotebis dawe-sebis safrTxes rom Tavi davaneboT, adre Tu gvian, Tavad ucxoel momxma-rebels SeiZleba gauCndes finansuri problemebi.

mkiTxvelTa nawils SesaZloa, cota ucnaurad moeCvenos CineTis ekonomi-kuri politikisTvis amxela mniSvne-lobis miniWeba, radgan saqarTvelo-Si, rogorc wesi, sagareo politikur dRis wesrigSi amerika, ruseTi da evropa dgas xolme. Tumca, garwmune-bT _ dRes CineTSi miRebul gadawyve-tilebebs momavali msoflio wesrigis gansazRvra SeuZlia.

CineTma wels mTliani Sida produ-qtis maCvenebliT iaponias gadauswro da amerikis Semdeg, sididiT msoflios meore ekonomika gaxda.

msoflios oci mdidari qveynis _ „didi oceulis“ (G20-is) samitzec mTavari sasaubro Tema CineTi iyo. samitze, romelic 11-12 noembers sa-mxreT koreis dedaqalaq seulSi gai-marTa, mTavari movlena amerikis pre-zidentis _ barak obamas moulodneli kritikuli gamosvla gaxda.

obamam CineTs pirdapir dasdo bra-li iuanis xelovnurad gaufasurebaSi, rac Cinur eqsportze fasebs agdebs da Cinur saqonels aranormalurad konkurentunarians xdis. Cinuri iua-ni amerikul aSS dolarzea mibmuli

da mis Rirebulebas CineTis mTavroba sxvadasxva meTodebiT gansazRvravs. obamas gancxadebiT, „iuanis sakiTxi aRizianebs ara mxolod SeerTebul Statebs, aramed CineTis bevr sava-Wro partniors, romlebic msoflio bazarze konkurencias uweven CineTs imisaTvis, rom TavianTi saqoneli gayidon.“

zogierT amerikel ekonomists ukve gaaxsenda avbediTi 1971 weli. maSin ramdenime saeqsporto qveyanam, maT Soris, germaniam da iaponiam erovnu-li valutebi xelovnurad gaaufasura. sapasuxod, amerika adga da importze 10 %-iani tarifi daawesa. germaniasac da iaponiasac ise SeeSindaT amerikis bazris dakargva, rom maSinve aswies


Tvalsazrisi

TavianTi valutebis Rirebuleba do-larTan mimarTebaSi.

Tumca, amerikaSi ician, rom CineTi 70-iani wlebis iaponia da germania ar aris, rom amerikis politikuri da samxedro proteqciis qveS iyos. aqe-dan gamomdinare, CineTze ekonomikur zewolasac amerika SedarebiT frTxi-lad ekideba da cdilobs, radikaluri nabijebi Tavidan aicilos.

Tanac, dRes rom amerikam imave ta-qtikiT scados CineTis `SeSineba~, mas importul saqonelze ara 10 %-iani, aramed 25%-iani tarifis daweseba mouwevs. es ki sabolood aucileblad ekonomikur proteqcionizmamde mi-gviyvans.

msoflios wamyvani qveynebi didi xnis win SeTanxmdnen, rom ekonomikuri proteqcionizmi, anu sagareo vaWro-bis SezRudva da damcavi meqanizmebis _ tarifebis, kvotebis da regulacie-bis, daweseba, saboloo jamSi, arc erT

calke aRebul qveyanas kargs arafers moutans. Tavisufali vaWrobis Se-zRudvas ekonomikur problemebTan erTad nacionalizmi, konfliqtebi da ukidures SemTxvevaSi, msoflio omic ki mohyolia.

CineTSi safrTxis gaazreba ukve daiwyes, Tumca iuanis Rirebulebis uecar awevas aravin elis. CineTis pre-mier-ministrma, ven jiabaom ganacxada: „ar dagvaZaloT iuanis kursis aweva. Tu CineTSi socialuri da ekonomiku-ri areuloba daiwyeba, msofliosTvis es katastrofa iqneba“. ratom areu-loba? _ Tu iuanis kursi gamyardeba, Cinuri eqsporti saxarbielo konku-rentunarianobis dakargavs, Cinuri saeqsporto industria dazaraldeba da uamravi Cineli umuSevari darCeba.

meinstrim ekonomistebis umravle-soba miiCnevs, rom Cinuri savaWro ba-

lansis dadebiTi saldo (CineTi ufro naklebs moixmars, vidre awarmoebs) didwilad Cineli momxmareblis so-cialuri da kulturuli bunebiTaa ganpirobebuli. Cinel momxmarebels uyvars fulis gadadeba, nawilobriv imitom, rom ar arsebobs sapensio ga-rantiebi da jandacvis sistema. Tu Cineli momxmarebeli xarjvas daiwye-bs, maSin eqsport-importis Sefardeba daregulirdeba da msoflio ekono-mikac ufro janmrTeli da momgebiani gaxdeba.

fuls naklebad xarjaven CineTis mcire kerZo kompaniebic _ maT sainves-ticiod saWiro kapitalis dagroveba surT. izrdeba saxelmwifos Semosava-li, Tumca, xarjva ar gazrdila _ da-bali moxmarebis fonze investireba, ubralod, araefeqturia. Sedegad, dRes CineTSi situacia yvela sferoSi erT-nairia: inaxaven ufro mets, vidre moma-vali investiciisTvis aris saWiro.

cingSuas universitetis ekonomikis profesoris varaudiT, rodesac Cine-Tis moqalaqeebis cxovrebis pirobebi gaumjobesdeba, fulis Senaxvis maCve-nebelic daiklebs. es ki, misive TqmiT, albaT uaxloes 10-20 weliwadSi ar moxdeba.

CineTis mTavroba iZulebulia, sa-erTaSoriso zewolas upasuxos. „didi oceulis“ samitze CineTis liderma hu Zintaom ganacxada, rom amieridan Ci-neTis mTavrobis umTavresi priorite-ti Sida moTxovnis gazrda iqneba.

Sida moxmarebis gazrdas CineTis mTavroba sxvadasxva gziT cdilobs. upirvelesad, es socialuri progra-mebis ganxorcielebas gulisxmobs; aseve, sadepozito saprocento ga-nakveTebis awevas imisTvis, rom momx-mareblebma TavianT sabanko angariSe-bze meti fuli daagrovon. kidev erTi

gzaa kompaniebisTvis dividendebis gadaxdis dakisreba imisaTvis, rom naklebi zedmeti investicia ganaxor-cielon da a.S.

ekonomistebis erTi, SedarebiT mcire nawili miiCnevs, rom problema sinamdvileSi is ki ar aris, rom Cinu-ri ojaxebi bevrs inaxaven da cotas xarjaven, aramed Cinuri kompaniebi, romlebic zedmet investicias axor-cieleben. am mosazrebiT, Cinuri kom-paniebi TavisiT mivlen kondiciamde, roca zedmeti investicia nakleb mo-gebas moutanT (radgan amdeni moTxov-na arc Sida da arc msoflio bazarze aRar iqneba) da TavisiT daiwyeben Se-sabamisi zomebis gatarebas.

momxmareblebis mier nakleb xarjva-sa da kompaniebis mier zedmet xarjvas/investirebas, am or mTavar problemas Tu SevajamebT, gamodis, rom mTavari damnaSave CineTis mTavrobaa. is yve-lafers akeTebs imisTvis, rom Cinuri

saeqsporto industriebis konkuren-tunarianoba xelovnurad gazardos: aZlevs maT subsidirebul miwas da energoresursebs, xelovnurad aufa-surebs iuans, dabla swevs am kompanie-bisTvis sabanko sesxebs, da a.S. amave dros, mTavroba arafers akeTebda momxmareblebis msyidvelobiTunaria-nobis gazrdisTvis.

CineTis magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom eqsportis xelovnurad waxalisebaSi cudi araferia. mTavari problema ma-Sin warmoiSveba, rodesac saeqsporto industriebi imaze met investicias ax-denen, vidre sWirdebaT, danarCen fuls ki inaxaven. mTavrobas am dros aranairi meqanizmi ar gaaCnia am fulis momxmareblebis biujetSi gadasaqaCad. CineTis mTavrobis mTavari samuSao dRes swored am struqturuli uTa-nasworobis aRmofxvraa.

Tu Cineli momxmarebeli xarjvas daiwyebs, maSin eqsport-importis Sefardeba

daregulirdeba da msoflio ekonomikac ufro janmrTeli da momgebiani

gaxdeba.


kultura

SiSveli mefeebitreid-arti xelovnebis saxeliT

daviT buxrikiZe

mas Semdeg, rac Tanamedrove bri-taneli mxatvris, demian hirstis namuSevari `RmerTis siyvarulis gamo~ _ platiniT da briliantiT inkrustirebuli Tavis qala _ ori wlis win, milion evrod gaiyida, Tanamedrove xelovnebis Sefasebam azri dakarga. hirsti gaxda yvelaze ZviradRirebuli cocxali xelovani, romlis namuSevrebma (magaliTad, formaliniT damuSavebuli zvigeni an cxvari akvariumSi) treid-arti, anu savaWro obieqtad qceuli xe-lovneba, erTgvarad gaaTavisufla eTikuri pasuxismgeblobisgan.

`axalgazrda britaneli mxatvre-bi~, romelTac hirsti miekuTvneba, SesaniSnavad arian informirebuli sazogadoebis instinqtebis, mzaobi-sa da moTxovnebis Sesaxeb. rac mTa-varia, isini kargad icnoben xelov-nebis bazars. `maT aqvT brwyinvale ynosva, rogor aqcion originaluri ideebidan amozrdili brWyviala nagavi briliantebad. isini mdida-ri, magram SiSveli mefeebi arian,~ _ wers gazeT `mondSi~ xelovnebis istorikosi da franguli akademiis wevri, pikasos muzeumis yofili di-reqtori, Jan kleri.

igi cnobili Tanamedrove xelova-nis, jef kunsis namuSevrebis isto-riasac exeba da maT `treid-artis damcinavi eposis aCrdilebad~ moi-xseniebs. kunsis Semdeg xelovnebis bazarma iseTi mutacia ganicada, rom Sefasebis kriteriumis dadge-na praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. art-treids, erTi mxriv, galereebis mflobelebi da xelovnebaTmcodne-

`maRali~ da ~dabali~ kulturebis Tanxvedra TiTqos drois moTxovnaa, magram sinamdvileSi es xelovnebis obieqtebis finansur maqinaciebad gadaqcevas hgavs.

demian hirsti `qalwuli deda~

ebi aregulireben, meore mxriv, Ta-namedrove artiT dainteresebuli finansistebi da auqcionebi. banke-bi da auqcionebi mdidar kliente-

bs Tanamedrove xelovnebis `upira-tesobaSi~ arwmuneben da maTTvis sasurveli galereebis namuSevrebs gansazRvrul fasad sTavazoben. al-


Tvalsazrisi

baT, amgvarma spekulaciebmac gansa-zRvres kunsisa da hirstis namuSe-vrebis treid-imiji.

Tanamedrove vizualuri xelovne-bis problemas SexedulebaTa post-modernistuli siWrele, xelovnebis enis sirTule da mravalganzomile-bianoba warmoadgens. Raribi da ar-tistuli mxatvris imiji didi xania, warsuls Cabarda. imisaTvis, rom galereebma namuSevrebi gayidon, mxatvari warmatebul da kreatiul personad unda warmoaCinon. diplo-matiT xelSi mosiarule jef kunsi amgvari socialuri mimikriis Seqm-nis mcdelobaa.

evropaSi gaCndnen kunsis mimbaZve-li mxatvrebi, romlebic modernis-tul vilebSi cxovroben da mxolod milionerebTan megobroben. Tumca es kavSiri orivesTvis sasargebloa, radgan mxatvrebs warmateba da aRia-reba surT, mdidrebs _ garToba, ma-gram xelovnebis saxeliT. muzeumebma axali gasarTobi moigones,~ _ dasZens Jan kleri _ `versalis darbazebSi takaSi murakamis masxarebi gamofines, `palaco grasiSi~ _ kunsis obieqtebi. `maRali~ da `dabali~ kulturebis Tanxvedra TiTqos drois moTxovnaa, magram sinamdvileSi es xelovnebis obieqtebis finansur maqinaciebad gadaqcevas hgavs. xelovneba iseT fi-ziologiur simboloebs daukavSirda, romelic mxolod baton froids Tu gaaxarebda~.

sinamdvileSi, Tanamedrove vizua-luri xelovnebis kultidan kultu-ruloba sulac ar iqmneba. ubralod, socialurma institutebma, religiam da politikam imdenad dakarga fasi, rom xelovneba finansuri da fizio-logiuri sferos nawilic gaxda. `ga-mofenebi erTdroulad infantilu-robiTa da mkacri finansuri gansazRvrulobiT gamoirCeva, saida-nac gamosWvivis patara bavSvisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli akviatebani. bavSvs yovelTvis hgonia, rom samyaros au-cileblad unda amcnos sakuTari eqskrementebis Sesaxeb~.

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unda gaaRviZo da magidazec erTi-

ori muSti daabraxuno) simReris

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yurebas da mosmenas? wesiT arc

araferi. magram roca erT simReraSi

yvelani erTad siyalbis morevSi ex-

vevian da Tan amiT bednierebi arian,

cota ar iyos Zneli asatania.


kultura

yvelaze sasacilo amerikuli seriali.

bluTebis ojaxis "Sewyvetili ganviTareba"

niko nergaZe

Arrested Development-s amerikuli telearxi Fox sami wlis ganmavloba-Si aCvenebda. 2003 wels daiwyes da, Sesabamisad, 2006-Si daamTavres. rei-tingebs Tu davujerebT, didi vera-feri iyo. amitomac Sewyvites sul raRac sami sezonis Semdeg _ mayure-beli ar hyavda. imas, Tu ratom ver ivarga serialma, reitingebSi dRe-sac ganixilaven _ zogi Fox-s abra-lebs da zogic _ saSualostatisti-kuri mayureblis dabal gemovnebas.

reitingebis dedac, jek! `Sewyve-tili ganviTareba~, albaT, yvelaze sasacilo amerikuli serialia, rac odesme gadauRiaT. sasacilo da Wkvianuri. ufro sworad, Wkvianurad sasacilo _ maRali donea! jer marto imdeni prizi aqvs aRebuli, rom Camo-Tvlac ki dagRlis. sadac ki SeiZle-boda, yvelgan daafases. ar arsebobs Tavmoyvare gamocemis yvela drois saukeTeso teleserialebis Camona-Tvali (bevri akeTebs xolme aseTs), sadme Arrested Development rom ar

iyos naxsenebi. ver SexvalT inglisu-renovan forumze, vinmem serialidan fraza rom ar moitanos. mokled, oTxi weli gavida, magram Sous mayurebeli ki ar moaklda, moemata.

arcaa gasakviri. yvela seria bajaR-lo oqroa. Tan, wuTSi imdeni xumro-baa, rom meored da mesamed naxvisasac ki axal-axal xumrobebs aRmoaCen. amas isic ganapirobebs, rom bevri ameri-kuli komediuri serialisgan gansxva-vebiT, Sewyvetil ganviTarebas~ mayu-reblis sicilis xma ar axlavs Tan _ aravin gkarnaxobs, ai, ixumres da midi, gaicineo. arcaa saWiro.

rac Seexeba Sinaarss _ `Sewyvetili ganviTareba~ mogviTxrobs bluTebis mdidar da sruliad aranormalur ojaxze. pirvelive seriaSi ojaxis patriarqs policia apatimrebs da ufrosoba SedarebiT saRi gonebis mqone maikl bluTis xelSi gadadis. sami sezonis ganmavlobaSi uwevs zrunva xarb, cbier, matyuara, fulis uazrod mflangav ojaxis wevrebze,

romlebic amave dros Zalian sayvar-lebi arian. maikls jeison beitmeni TamaSobs, romelic serialis warma-tebis Semdeg araerT filmSi gadaiRes (`junodan~ SeiZleba, gaxsovdeT). mai-klis Svilis rols ki maikl sera as-rulebs, romelic Semdeg kidev ufro met filmSi TamaSobs, Tumca ki yvel-gan daaxloebiT erTsa da imave tips TamaSobs (`juno~, Superbad, cota sxvanairia `skot pilgrimSi~).

seriali rusulad mgoni ar gaux-movanebiaT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, xu-TwuTianma Zebnam Sedegi ver gamoiRo. samagierod, vipove rusuli subti-trebi, rac, albaT, bevrs gauadvilebs saqmes. ise ki subtitrebi inglisuris karg mcodnesac gamoadgeba (cxadia, inglisursave subtitrebs vgulisx-mob). serialis gmirebi xumrobis Se-mdeg pauzas ar akeTeben, rom mayu-rebels sicili acalon. Sesabamisad, wuTSi sxva serialebze bevrad meti xumroba eteva. aseve, rogorc xaris-xian xumrobebs sCveviaT, zog maTgans pirvelive mosmenisas Tu naxvisas ver daafaseb. mokled, subtitrebi saWi-roa.

ise, ramdenad marTla `yvelaze sa-saciloa~ es Arrested Development? amerikelebs bevri kargi ram aqvT ga-daRebuli, da axlac bevrs iReben. marto `ofisi~ da 30 Rock rad Rirs! ai, riT sjobs `Sewyvetili ganviTare-ba~ sxvebs _ naadrevad gauqmebam erTi kargi saqme gaukeTa. sul 50-ze cota meti seria gadaiRes. aqedan cudi ki ara, saSualoc araa arcerTi. ver mo-aswres cudis gadaReba.


sporti

fexburTi, rogorc politikaomi msofliosTvis _ ra xdeba fifas kulisebSi?

giorgi nozaZe

samxreT afrikis msoflio Cempiona-tamde cota xniT adre, gazeTma The Mail on Sunday gamoaqveyna inglisis safexburTo asociaciis xelmZRvane-lis, lord devid trismanis da misi yofili mdivnis, melisa iakobsis sau-bris fragmenti, romelic 2018 wlis msoflios Cempionatis maspinZlobis-Tvis gaCaRebul farul brZolas exe-boda.

`afrikelebTan saqme kargadaa, azie-lebTanac normaluri urTierToba Camogviyalibda, magram Tu espane-lebi kandidaturas moxsnian (da amas aucileblad gaakeTeben) maT samxreT

afrikaSi rusebi msajebis mosyidva-Si daexmarebian. mTavaria, 2018 wlis msoflio Cempionatis maspinZlobaSi espanelTa momxreebma rusebis banakSi gadainacvlon~, _ ambobda trismani.

am yvelafers is amZafrebs, rom es-paneTis fexburTis asociaciis xel-mZRvaneli anxel maria viliari fifa-Si msajTa komitetis Sefia.

skandaluri statiis gamoqveynebis Semdeg, trismanma 2018 wlis mundia-lis saganacxado komitetis xelmZR-vanelisa da inglisis asociaciis pre-zidentis Tanamdebobebi ise datova, Tavi ar umarTlebia. Tumca, inglise-lebma espaneTsa da ruseTs oficia-lurad moubodiSes da fifaSic Sesa-bamisi Sinaarsis werili gaagzavnes.

pirveli xarjebis gaweva ruseTs ukve fifas arCevnebze

mouwevs. delegatebis moqrTamva Cveulebrivi ambavia da fuli

Riad trialebs.

jozef blateri


sporti

trismanis Canawerebi kvlav aqtua-luria _ espaneTi msoflios Cempio-ni gaxda da bevria darwmunebuli, rom 2018 wlis msoflios pirvelobas ruseTi umaspinZlebs, romelmac amis gamo inglisTan kinaRam diplomatiu-ri omi wamoiwyo. maspinZeli qveyana 2 dekembers unda gairkves da kandida-turebi espaneTi-portugaliamac war-moadgines, magram realuri brZola ruseTsa da ingliss Soris warimar-Teba.

oqtombris dasasruls „ruseTi 2018-is“ aRmasrulebelma direqtorma aleqsei sorokinma rusul mediaSi ga-nacxada, londoni msoflios yvelaze kriminaluri da loTebis qalaqiao. oficialur werilSi, ingliselebma fifas rusi Cinovnikisgan bodiSis mo-xda moiTxoves. sorokinma londonis mers, boris jonsons eleqtronuli fostiT moubodiSa, gazeTebma gadaa-mlaSeso, magram sajaro bodiSi iuka-drisa.

amasobaSi, eTikis komisia fifas SigniT korufciiT dainteresda. mi-Sel cen-rufineni xmebis gamyidveli Cinovnikebis dasaxelebiT imuqreba. is 16 weli fifaSi generalur mdiv-nad muSaobda da posti prezident

zep blaterTan usiamovnebis gamo datova. cen-rufinenis TqmiT, fifas aRmaskomis wevrebma sakuTari xmebi fulze, qalebsa da sxvadasxva siamo-vnebaze gacvales. magaliTad, fifas aRmaskomis nigeriel wevr amos ama-dus sakuTari xmis 500 aTas funtad gayidva braldeba.

isic iTqva, inglisma msoflio Cem-pionatis maspinZlobis Sansi dakarga, radgan fifas korufciuli sqemis gaSifvraSi swored ingliseli Jurna-listebi monawileobdneno.

msoflios Cempionatis maspinZloba qveynisTvis didi prestiJia. qveynebis umravlesobas mundialis maspinZloba finansuri mogebis gamo surs. cno-bili faqtia, rom maspinZeli qveyana ekonomikurad viTardeba da udides mogebas iRebs. inglisis msoflio Cempionatis maspinZloba swored eko-nomikuri siZlieris demonstrirebisa da finansuri mogebisTvis sWirdeba.

maspinZlis statusis mopovebiT zo-gierTi sakuTari gavlenis, Zalis de-monstrirebas cdilobs. es interesi aqvs ruseTsac. SemTxveviTi araa, rom 2 dekembers ciurixSi Cempionatis maspinZlis arCevas premier-ministri putini piradad daeswreba. ar aris

gamoricxuli, rom fifa-s delegate-bs kidev erTxel Seaxsenon, vin aris maTi qveynebisTvis gazis mTavari mi-mwodebeli.

Tumca, msoflio Cempionatis mas-pinZloba ioli saqme araa. 1980 wels olimpiadis moskovSi Catarebam ise-dac dauZlurebuli sabWoTa ekono-mika welSi kidev ufro gatexa da fa-qtobrivad, imperiis msxvrevas Seuwyo xeli. aseTi donis turniris maspin-Zlobas udidesi saxsrebi sWirdeba. 1980-Sic da axlac rusebisTvis mTa-vari Zalis demonstrireba da presti-Jia, ekonomikur gaTvlebs ki, rogorc wesi, aravin akeTebs.

pirveli xarjebis gaweva ruseTs ukve fifas arCevnebze mouwevs. de-legatebis moqrTamva Cveulebrivi am-bavia da fuli Riad trialebs. Tanac, saubari ara aTasobiT, aramed milio-nobiT dolarzea. qrTami iq wesia da politikur da ekonomikur gavlene-bsac Riad afiqsireben. anu brZola erTgvarad auqcions hgavs, vinc mets gadaixdis, is igebs.

bolo wlebamde rusebisTvis Ta-maSis es wesebi ucxo iyo. aris aseTi araoficialuri istoriac: rodesac 1976 wlis olimpiadis maspinZloba moisurves, moskovs saerTaSoriso olimpiuri komitetis wevrebi estu-mrnen. komunistma liderebma stumre-bi leninis gamosaxulebiani pastebiTa da bloknotebiT daasaCuqres. olim-piuri komitetis warmomadgenlebs ga-ecinaT da sufrasTan rusebs taqtia-nad auxsnes, rom ase maspinZlobas ver miaRwevdnen. amerikelebma xom olim-piuri komitetis wevrebs platinis uZvirfasesi beWdebi gadasces, ro-melic mTvaridan wamoRebuli grun-tiT iyo gaformebuli. mere rusebic gaiwafnen da axla `mTvarisgruntiani saCuqrebis~ Cempionebi arian.

amitomac fiqroben, rom arCevnebam-dec yvelaferi gadawyvetilia, da msoflio Cempionats 2018 wels ruse-Ti umaspinZlebs. fexburTis saerTa-Soriso asociaciaSi metismetad `ada-mianuri~ adamianebi muSaoben.


buu

gio axvlediani

rogorc pabSi ityvian, fabio kapelos msoflioSi yve-laze didi xelfasi aqvs. inglisis nakrebi weliwadSi sa-Sualod eqvs matCs TamaSobs da ise gamodis, rom diadi italieli mwvrTneli TiToeul matCSi milion funts iRebs, raxanRa xelfasi eqvsi milioni aqvs.

iRebs da iRebdes, ra Cveni dasaTvleli eg aris. oRon-dac, saqme ukve isea, rom kapelos sidiadisa inglisSi kar-gaxania, aRaravis sjera da meorec, kidev erTxel ikre-bs Zalas kampania inglisis nakrebis saTaveSi ingliseli mwvrTnelis moqcevis mxardasaWerad.

evropis Cempionatis SesarCevi ciklis dasrulebamde kapelos aravin gauSvebs, Tu mTlad qveyana ar daiqca da nakrebi ar Caflavda. misi gasaSvebi sakompensacio Tanxa mis xelfasze naklebi ar aris da gamova, rom fexburTis asociaciam erTbaSad or mwvrTnels unda gadauxados mi-lionebi, gaSvebuls da axaldaniSnuls.

kapelos xelSi inglisis nakrebi SesarCev matCebs kar-gad TamaSobs. ai, msoflio Cempionatze sruliad Cafla-vda da amxanagurebic ar gamoudis, gansakuTrebiT, tra-diciul metoqeebTan.

age, gasul oTxSabaTsac, Suagul uemblize, gaxurebul wvimaSi ingliselebi pirwmindad damarcxdnen frangeb-Tan. amxanguri iyo, diax, da angariSic, saboloo jamSi, samarcxvino ar gamovida, mxolod erTi burTiT waages. Tanac kapelom axalgazrdebi gamoscada, aba, vnaxoTo. Tanac, bevri travmirebuli iyo da stiven jerardis ga-moyvanaze liverpulma saerTodac, erTi ambavi atexa, fe-xmtkivani aTamaSao.

oRondac, aman friad iSviaTi movlenisgan mainc ver ixsna: xalxma Tavis gunds buu-ingi mouwyo. buu-ingis pirdapiri qarTuli Sesatyvisi ar arsebobs, Tumca, ga-sagebi kia: es aris ukmayofilo SeZaxilTa erToblio-ba, rac fexburTelebs mayurebelTa uaryofiT pozicias atyobinebs TamaSis romelime momentis, an mTlianad Ta-maSis, anda calkeuli fexburTelis Sesaxeb. bevr qveya-naSi aseTi ram stveniT xdeba, inglisSi ki buu-s mZlavri SeZaxiliT.

hoda, iSviaTia rom ingliselebma Tavis nakrebs Seuyvi-ron es `buu~. magram, ai, Seuyvires. kio, - ferdinandma ki Tqva TamaSis mere, - eg fanebis uflebaao, magram kapelo TamaSis winve iTxovda, axalgazrdebi gamomyavs, moTmi-

neba iqonieTo. hoda, ar iqonies.msoflio Cempionatis Semdeg ingliselebi nakrebis mi-

marT moTminebas ar iqonieben, Tundac amxanagur TamaSSi. frangebi Zalian jobdnen ingliselebs.

saerTod, isea, rom inglisSi gulSematkivroba yvela-fers apatiebs moTamaSes, ramdenime saintereso raRacis garda. es ramdenime raRaca fexburTTan naklebadaa pir-dapir kavSirSi, Tumca mindorze Cans xolme. mSobliuri klubidan RalatiT wasvla, mindvris TaRliToba, Tav-ganwirvis nakleboba da sxva oriod ram aris is, rasac dagimaxsovreben. Tu irbine, Tavi dade da waage, Tundac taqtikurad ususurad gamoiyurebode, sayvedurs aravin getyvis. hoda, ver mieCvivnen inglisSi nakrebis zozins. wesiT, TiTqosda unda miCveodnen, jer sven goran eriq-sonis xelSi da axla kidev kapelos mefobisas. magram amas miCveva ingliselebisTvis imas niSnavs, rom is uaryon, rac fexburTSi uyvarT.

hoda, aqamdec karga omaxianad gaismoda, ingliseli mwvrTneli gvindao da axla ki yvela kuTxeSi amas amboben. bolo ingliseli mwvrTnelis xelSi nakrebi evropis Cem-pionatze ver gavida, magram axla amas aRaravin ixsenebs.

ukve amboben, 2012 wels nakrebis saWes hari rednaps SesTavazebeno.

hari Zaan kacia, magram mis Sesaxeb sxva dros.raSi eqvsi milioni, Tore kio, _ ase amboben pabSi.

sporti

ingliseli mwvrTneli inglisis nakrebisTvis.

fabio kapelo


vici, feisbuqs rasac verCi! axla ukve vici! sxvaTa Soris, arafersac ar verCodi manam, sanam qalaqSi seirnobisas ar `CamanaTa,~ rom yvelaferi misi bralia. es im dros moxda, rodesac kidev erT uRimRamo grafits vuRebdi suraTs qa-laqis Soreul ubanSi. CaTvaleT, rom es Cemi erT-erTi ho-bia, _ SemoqmedebiTi, gakvirvebuli, protestiT savse, Seyva-rebuli, gacofebuli da kidev vin uwyis, rogor emociur mdgomareobaSi myofi Tbiliselebis mier saxlebis kedle-bze, asfaltze, transportze, xeebze, maRaziebis SuSebze Tu sadarbazoebSi TanamoqalaqeebisaTvis datovebuli Setyobi-nebebis Segroveba. grafiti msoflios didi qalaqebis gu-liscemaa da miuxedavad aSkara kanonsawinaaRmdego aqtivobi-sa, rasac grafitis artistebi ewevian, am guliscemas veravin SeaCerebs, verc jarimebi, verc policielebis armia da Tqven warmoidgineT, TviT feisbuqic ki, romelic mgonia, rom swo-red aseTi SemoqmedebiTi vandalebis gasanadgureblad ga-moigones (feisbuqis momxmareblebo, _ vxuuumrob! vxuu-mrob!). ai, kargad daufiqrdiT, aqamdis yvelas, visac moexuStureboda arsebuli mediumebis miRma danarCenebisa-Tvis raimes gaziareba, an sulac vinme konkretulisTvis rai-mes gadacema, arafrad uRirda gareT gasvla, erTi kargi kedlis SerCeva (adre es SeiZleba, yofiliyo kedeli gamoqva-bulSi, romis katakombebSi, berZnul qalaq efesoSi an sadme sxvagan. sxvaTa Soris swored grafitis meSveobiT adgendnen sxvadasxva antikuri qalaqis mcxovrebTa wera-kiTxvis cod-nis dones!) da im kedelze azriani, zogjer ki uazro Setyo-binebis datoveba, dawyebuli cxovelebis da adamianebis ga-mosaxulebiT da dasrulebuli ukve yvelasTvis cnobili fraziT `kilroi aq iyo~ da `mouxelTebeli~ benqsis Sede-vrebiT. mokled, adamianebs yovelTvis hqondaT saTqmeli da roca saTqmeli gaqvs, kedels yovelTvis ipovni. pirdapir vityvi, am mxriv, Tbiliselebi jer kidev gamoqvabulebis bi-nadrebis doneze varT (kedlebidan prezidentis gineba an revoluciisaken mowodeba grafiti-artistebSi karg tonad ar iTvleba), magram imedi ar kvdeba da mec sul megona, rom erT mSvenier dRes CvenTanac gamoCndebodnen niWieri, gone-bamaxvili, iumoriT da uamravi saTqmeliT savse vandalebi. samwuxarod, es imedi sabolood Cakvda SMS-is da feisbuqis epidemiis dawyebisTanave. dRevandeli potenciuri grafiti-artistebi virtualur sivrceSi imuSaveben uRimRamo adre-nalins da qalaqis kedlebs arcTu Zalian azrian an sasaci-

adandali vandali

kaxa Tolordava

lo frazebis amara toveben. Sedegi ki isaa, rom, grafitis TvalsazrisiT, Tbilisi arc gacinebs da arc gatirebs, arc gakvirvebs da arc gmuxtavs, es ki dasanania, radganac ra kargi iqneboda qalaqSi seirnobisas, ai, aseT frazebs rom gadayrodiT (gafrTxileba _ uwmawuri sityvebis mowinaaRm-degeebo, exlave gadaSaleT sxva statiaze!!!): `guSin opera-ciis angariSi miviRe. exla mesmis Tu ratom ekeTaT im eqime-bs niRbebi,~ `me daqiravebuli mkvleli var da fulisTvis vklav, magram radgan Sen Cemi megobari xar, ufasod mo-gklav,~ `bediswera gaupatiurebasaviTaa, _ Tu masTan brZo-la ver iswavle, siamovneba mainc miiRe,~ `aTidan cxra kacs didi mkerdi uyvars. meaTes ki is cxra kaci,~ `warmateba mas-turbaciasaviTaa, mxolod sakuTari xeliT Tu miaRwev mas,~ `qali ukacod igivea, rac Tevzi uvelosipedod,~ `fuli trakiviTaa. traki yvelas gvaqvs, micema ki ar gviyvars,~ `RmerTi cocxalia da naklebad ambiciur proeqtze muSao-bs,~ `qariSxalo katarina, _ Se bozo,~ `iudas fuli avadmyo-fi megobrisTvis sWirdeboda,~ `me rom davibade, iseTi gao-cebuli davrCi, rom weliwadnaxevari xmas ver viRebdi,~ `warmatebisken mimavali gza yovelTvis remontzea daketi-li,~ `Cemi samuSao iseTi gasaidumloebulia, rom TviTon ar vici, ras vakeTeb,~ `cekva horizontaluri survilebis per-pendikularuli gamoxatvaa,~ `cxovreba qaqis sendviCiviTaa, _ rac ufro met purs daiTrev, miT ufro naklebi qaqi Segxv-deba!~ nu daiZabebiT, geTayva, aravis movuwodeb Tbilisis kedlebis dasalaSqrad, magram mainc, ra kargi iqneboda qa-laqs grafitis meSveobiT Cveni gacineba rom SeeZlos!

qalaqSi moxetiale kacis Canawerebi

arcTu Zalian seriozuli salaRobo teqsti.


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