Saeklesio galobisaTvis · ramdenime speqtakli, aseve sxva speqtaklebi sxva scenebze. 1993-1996...

saeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvis

avTandil ungiaZeavTandil ungiaZeavTandil ungiaZeavTandil ungiaZeavTandil ungiaZe

musikosi, musikaTmcodne, lotbari

saeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvissaeklesio galobisaTvis

warmomavloba, arsi, daniSnuleba;

rvaxmaTas kanonika, Teoriisa da notaciis

elementebi

Tbilisi

2005

3

avtoris Sesaxebavtoris Sesaxebavtoris Sesaxebavtoris Sesaxebavtoris Sesaxeb

winamdebare wigni, Tavisi Sinaarsis mixedviT SeiZleba daiyos or

nawilad: erT nawilSi gadmocemulia kvlevis masalebi, meoreSi –

bizantiuri musikis, bizantiuri galobis Teoriis elementebi. am

ukanasknelSi mocemulia rvaxmaTas, anu damaskeliseuli saeklesio

kanonikis aRwera, kerZod, aRwerilia rvaxmaTas xmebis musikaluri kiloebi,

mocemulia rvaxmaTas xmebis daxasiaTeba, aseve aRwerilia da

daxasiaTebulia sxva musikaluri elementebi.

wignSi mowodebuli masala Tanamedrove qarTul musikalur sivrceSi

bizantiuri galobis musikaluri elementebis gadmocemis erT-erT pirvel

mcdelobas warmoadgens. amitom Znelia imsjelo mis av-kargze. albaT

Tavad es wigni iqceva sawyis, erTgvar aTvlis wertilad da erTgvar

sazomad momavali gamocemebisaTvis.

Cveni azriT, aucilebelia, rom mkiTxvelma icodes wignis avtoris,

rogorc musikosisa da Semsruleblis, profesionalizmisa da

kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb. amitom mokled, oriode sityviT SevexebiT am

sakiTxs.

wignis avtori, avTandil ungiaZe, aris profesionali musikosi. 1993

wels eqsternad daamTavra saqarTvelos politeqnikuri institutis

humanitaruli fakulteti da mieniWa vokalistisa da lotbaris

kvalifikacia. amave fakultetze aswavlida qarTul xalxur simRerebsa

da polifoniuri improvizirebis xelovnebas. 1992-93 wlebSi muSaobda

rusTavelis saxelobis akademiuri Teatris musikalur studiaSi.

megobrebTan erTad musikalurad gaaforma reJisor robert sturuas

ramdenime speqtakli, aseve sxva speqtaklebi sxva scenebze. 1993-1996

wlebSi eweoda aqtiur saero musikalur moRvaweobas evropaSi. aris

ramdenime saerTaSoriso musikaluri festivalis monawile, maT Soris

- fraiburgis, miunxenis, vupertalisa da sxva, aseve baxis kvireulisa -

haidelbergSi da msoflio musikis festivalisa - Sveicariis qalaq

solotonSi. am ukanasknelze, garda originaluri proeqtisa, megobrebTan

da indoel musikosebTan erTad warmoadgina proeqti “qarTuli

polifonia da induri ritmebi”, romelic festivalis erT-erT yvelaze

saintereso da originalur proeqtad aRiares. megobrebTan erTad

gamoSvebuli aqvs kompaqtdiski - saxelwodebiT “Sin”, romelmac 1994

wels evropul klasifikaciaSi (sami nominaciuri parametris mixedviT)

maRali Sefasebebi miiRo, xolo jamuri SefasebiT erT-erTi pirveli

iyo.

avtoris Sesaxeb

4

1995 wels avTandil ungiaZe miiwvies germaniis qalaq laudaSi

Camoyalibebuli sasimRero gundis lotbarad da germanel musikosebs

qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi Seaswavla.

avtoris profesionalizmisa da musikaluri xelovnebis Sesaxeb

arsebobs mravali publikacia evropis gazeTebsa da JurnalebSi.

magaliTisTvis moviyvanT fragments publikaciidian “Heidelberger Bach-Festwochen, 1995”, romelSic haidelbergSi baxis kvireulis programiT

qarTvel musikosTa jgufis gamosvlas avTandilisa da misi oTxi

megobris SemadgenlobiT maRali Sefaseba mieca: “qarTuli elementi

jgufSi gansakuTrebiT warmodgenilia momReral avTandil ungiaZis

meSveobiT. . . magram mainc gansakuTrebulia misi xma, arastandartuli,

Tavisi qveynis xalxuri musikis intonaciebSi fesvgadgmuli, aseve misi

manera da xerxebi, romliTac igi amkobs namRers. iq, sadac Cveni yurisTvis

orientaluri kavkasiurs xvdeba, es momRerali aucileblad aviTarebs

Tavisi qveynis avTentur xmas. drogamoSvebiT masTan erTad mRerian

misi kolegebi da miT qmnian saidumloebiT aRsavse vokalur

mravalxmianobas, romelsac Znelad Tu moswyvets kaci yurs”. msgavsi

Sefasebebia sxva publikaciebSic avTandilisa da misi megobrebis sxva

gamosvlebTan dakavSirebiT evropis did scenebze, saerTaSoriso

festivalebze.

aqtiuri musikaluri moRvaweobis paralelurad, avTandili ikvlevs

musikalur gamebsa da kiloebs, gansakuTrebiT^– aRmosavlur - indur,

palestinur, arabul, Cinur da sxva met-naklebad cnobil, aseve metad

egzotikur kiloebs. kvlevisas mas exmareba misi meore profesia - igi

aris maTematikosi (1976 wels daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis meqanika-maTematikis fakulteti), fizika-maTematikis

mecnierebaTa kandidati. kiloTa kvlevisas igi iyenebs efeqtur

raodenobriv (maTematikur) meTodebs, rac, sxva kanonzomierebaTa

dadgenasTan erTad, iZleva temperirebis Sedegad Zvel kiloTa

cvlilebebis da maTgan gamowveuli xasiaTis analizis saSualebas.

1996 wels avTandil ungiaZem Tavi daaneba aqtiur saero musikalur

moRvaweobas. amis Semdgom misi cxovreba ukavSirdeba eklesiasa da

saeklesio musikis kvlevas.

vfiqrobT, rom avTandil ungiaZis winamdebare wigni daainteresebs

saeklesio galobis kanonikiT dainteresebul pirebsa da bizantiuri

musikis moyvarulebs.

zaza miminoSvili

musikosi.

avtoris Sesaxeb

5

winasityvaobawinasityvaobawinasityvaobawinasityvaobawinasityvaoba

Zvisrfaso mkiTxvelo, wigni, romelic Sen axlaxan gadaSale, ramdenime

wlis kvleva-Ziebis Sedegs warmoadgens. Svidiode wlis win, rodesac

sapatriarqoSi qarTul teqstebze gawyobili kanonikuri melodiis

ramodenime nimuSi warmovadgineT, maSin Cveni eklesiis kaTolikos-

patriarqma, uwmindesma da unetaresma ilia II-m mogvca kurTxeva, ufro

Rrmad Segveswavla warmodgenili saxis galoba, ris aRsrulebasac

didi siamovnebiT SevudeqiT. winamdebare naSromi SegviZlia am kurTxevis

aRsrulebis Sedegad miviCnioT.

kvlevisas Cvens ZiriTad mizans saeklesio galobis kanonikis

sakiTxebis Seswavla Seadgenda. am sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili kvlevebi

qarTul wyaroebSi, samwuxarod, ar Segvxvedria. amitom vfiqrobT, wigni

daainteresebs galobis kanonikiTa da saeklesio xelovnebiT

dainteresebul mkiTxvels.

nebismier kvlevas Tavisi meTodi da principebi unda gaaCndes. Cveni

midgoma am sakiTxisadmi Semdegia: saeklesio galoba RvTivgamocxadebiTi

xasiaTis matarebelia da eklesiis wminda gadmocemis mniSvnelovan

Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. kanonikis SemuSavebasa da dadgenas

eklesiaSi gamorCeuli, suli wmidiT ganbrZnobili wmida mamebi

eswrafvoden. amis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizani is iyo, rom swored es

RvTivgamocxadebiTi xasiaTi yofiliyo daculi da SenarCunebuli

saeklesio xelovnebaSi da mis nimuSebSi. amitom saeklesio galobis

kanonikis kvlevisas upirvelesi da umTavresi swored eklesiis wminda

gadmocema da swavlebaa. macxovris sityvebi - “bWeni jojoxeTisani“bWeni jojoxeTisani“bWeni jojoxeTisani“bWeni jojoxeTisani“bWeni jojoxeTisani

ver ereodian mas”ver ereodian mas”ver ereodian mas”ver ereodian mas”ver ereodian mas” – uTuod imasac gulisxmobs, rom eklesia daicavs

da daimarxavs yvelafers, rac RvTivgamocxadebiTia eklesiaSi. marTalia,

dro-Jami Tavis kvals tovebs saeklesio xelovnebaze da misi anarekli

saeklesio xelovnebis nimuSebSic aisaxeba, magram eklesia ZiriTadad

icavs da inarCunebs saeklesio xelovnebis kanonikur arss – mis suls,

principebsa da ZiriTad niSan-Tvisebebs. saeklesio galobasTan da

xatwerasTan dakavSirebiT beri paisi mTawmindeli ase ambobs: “gava“gava“gava“gava“gava

dro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxavendro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxavendro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxavendro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxavendro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxaven

eklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini iseveklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini iseveklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini iseveklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini iseveklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini isev

Zvels daubrundebian”.Zvels daubrundebian”.Zvels daubrundebian”.Zvels daubrundebian”.Zvels daubrundebian”.

ZiriTadi daskvna, romelic saeklesio gadmocemis safuZvelze SeiZleba

gakeTdes Semdegia: saeklesio kanonikuri galoba da bizantiuri galoba

sinonimebi arian. es galoba eklesiaSi dRemdea daculi. am galobas

winasityvaoba

6

mimsgavsebul galobas uwodeben, rac niSnavs, rom igi eklesiis mier

miCneulia angelozebis zeciuri galobis anareklad. amis Sesaxeb arsebobs

pirdapiri damadasturebeli cnobebic. magaliTad, aTonis mTis erT-

erTi monastris bers meore (msubuqad qromatuli) xmis “Rirs arsi”

angelozma aswavla. mimsgavsebuloba pirdapiraa gancxadebuli

sagalobelSi “romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT”. am

sagalobeliT marTlmadidebeli qristianebi amboben, rom qerubimebs

galobaSi vemsgavseniTo”. marTlmadideblobaSi ki formaluri,

figuraluri da Sinaarsisagan daclili araferi arsebobs.

galobis Sesaxeb umniSvnelovanes cnobebs wminda werili iZleva:

gankacebulma RmerTma dedamiwaze eklesia daafuZna, Seasrula pirveli

msaxureba - did xuTSabaTs aRasrula wminda evqaristia - romlis

Semdegac man mociqulebTan erTad igaloba. mociqulebi amaRlebis

Semdegac galobdnen, anu memkvidreobiToba qristes ekelsiaSi galobis

mxrivac daculia. es cnobebi mkafiod migviTiTeben saeklesio galobis

gvar-saxeobaze. saxarebiseuli “galobaY warTqves” (maTe, 26, 30) is

sityvebia, romelic morwmuneSi aRZravs survils, yuri miugdos saeklesio

galobas da SeigrZnos masSi qristianobis gariJraJze aRsrulebuli

pirveli RvTismsaxurebis madli, qristesa da mociqulebis mier aRvlenili

galobis intonaciebi. am xmebSi da am sagaloblebSi gancxovelebulia

cisa da miwis urTierTmimarTebis sixaruli, TiTqos iSleba dro da

sivrce, da qristianebi Tavis xmas macxovrisa da mociqulebis galobas

uerTeben.

wminda gadmocemis sxva umniSvnelovanes wyaros wminda mamaTa

cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb eklesiis mier daculi cnobebi

Seadgens. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania wm. ioane damaskelis

cxovreba da moRvaweoba. igi gvamcnobs, rom saeklesio galobisa da

kanonikis dadgena da dafuZneba qristes eklesiaSi - sayovelTaoobisa

da kanonikuri erTianobis mizniT - aResrula yovladwmida RvTismSoblis

kurTxeviTa da suliwmidis SemweobiT.

aseve galobasTan dakavSirebuli sxva umniSvnelovanesi cnobebia

daculi sxva wminda mamaTa cxovrebaTa Sesaxeb saeklesio gadmocemebSi.

vfiqrobT, RvTismSoblis winaswarmetyveleba imis Sesaxeb, rom

damaskeliseuli galoba qristes eklesiaSi sayovelTao iqneba da vidre

m eored mosvlamde i arseb e bs , friad mniSv n elova n i a

marTlmadidebelTaTvis. es sayovelTaoba eklesiaSi dRemdea daculi -

swored wm. ioane damaskelisa da sxva saeklesio himnografebis teqstebs

iyenebs yvela adgilobrivi da maT Soris saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiac. Tumca, samwuxarod unda iTqvas, rom am mamaTa mier Seqmnili

melodiebi CvenSi istoriuli Znelbedobisa gamo daviwyebas mieca.

winasityvaoba

7

eklesiis swavlebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa saeklesio

tipikoni da saRvTismsaxuro wignebi – rvaxmaTa, TTveni, marxvani, zadiki

da sxva. isini gansazRvraven RvTismsaxurebis wessa da Semadgenlobas,

RvTismsaxureba eklesiaSi am wignebis mixedviT aResruleba. isini ki

pirdapir migviTiTeben, rom RvTismsaxurebis dros unda Sesruldes

bizntiuri galoba. Tuki xatweris kanonika ganxorcielebulia uZveles

xatebSi, saeklesio galoba asaxuli da Semonaxulia saRvTismsaxuro

wignebSi, romlebic calsaxad gviCveneben, rom saeklesio kanonikur galobas

(damaskeliseuli kanonikiT Seqmnili) bizantiuri galoba warmoadgens,

xolo saRvTismsaxurebo sagaloblebi bizantiuri galobis SemoqmedTa,

bizantiel himnograf-melodosTa1 sagaloblebi arian. saRvTismsaxuro

wignebSi pirdapiraa miTiTebuli am SemoqmedTa saxelebi, xolo yoveli

saRvTismsaxuro sagalobeli am avtorebs ukavSirdeba.

amgvarad, saeklesio galobis arsis, istoriis, warmomavlobisa da

kanonikis Seswavlis upirvelesi da umTavresi wyaro eklesiis wmida

gadmocemaa. eklesiis wmida gadmocemis Semdeg ki sayuradReboa da

mxedvelobaSi misaRebi cnobebi istoriografiidan. rogorc meTodi, am

SemTxvevaSi unda gamoviyenoT is faqti, rom adgilobriv eklesiebSi

rigi movlenebisa paralelurad mimdinareobda da mimdinareobs, Tumca

adgili aqvs xolme qronologiur winswrebas an CamorCenas. amitom

TeTri laqebi SeiZleba Seivsos sxva qveynisa Tu sxva adgilobrivi

eklesiis istoriografiidan moyvanili cnobebiT. mniSvnelovani msgavsebebi

da paralelebia ruseTisa da saqarTvelos eklesiebSi bolo 3-4 saukunis

ganmavlobaSi ganviTarebul movlenebs Soris. amitom ruseTis eklesiis

magaliTebi da istoriul-mecniruli kvlevis Sedegebi sainteresoa

zogierTi daskvnis gakeTebisaTvis da mxedvelobaSia misaRebi. sakuTriv

saqarTvelos istoriografia ki im daskvnis gakeTebis saSualebas

iZleva, rom saqarTveloSo mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi, maT Soris

saxelmwifosa da eklesiis zeobis xanaSi, bizantiuri galoba iyo

damkvidrebuli, romelic mogvianebiT partesuli tipis galobiT iqna

Canacvlebul.

saeklesio sferoSi kvlevis meTodikaSi mniSvnelobiT (ranJirebiT)

Semdegia mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegebis gamoyeneba. mecnierebi qmnian

hipoTezebs, Teoriebs, analitikur masalas da a.S. es sfero gamorCeulia

subieqtivizmiT da yvelaze xSirad ganicdis araeklesiuri cnobierebis

nakadis safrTxes. magaliTisaTvis, sabWoTa periodSi oficialuri

ideologiiT uaryofili iyo RmerTi, eklesia da misi WeSmariti swavleba.

Tuki sulierebaSi marTlmadideblobis pyroba dafarulad mainc iyo

SesaZlebeli, azrovnebaSi da TeoriebSi maTi gamovlena dauSvebeli da

saxifaTo iyo. amitom sabWoTa periodis naSromebs, miuxedavad maT

1 himnograf-kompozitorTa

winasityvaoba

8

avtorTa kompetenturobisa da regaliebisa, sifrTxiliT unda movekidoT.

sabWoTa mecnierebis mier saerTod uaryofili da ugulebelyofilia

RvTivgamocxadebiToba, xolo “evolucionisturi dialeqtika”2 xSir

SemTxvevaSi imdenad damaxinjebul suraTs iZleva, rom mas realobasTan

TiTqmis araferi aqvs saerTo. gamoCenili mecnierebi udavod grZnobdnen

am nakls da wminda gadmocemisa da eklesiis swavlebis adgils, cnobierad

Tu qvecnobierad, eTnikur tradiciebs, miTologiasTan wilnayar

hipoTezebsa da Teoriebs uTmobdnen.

amgvarad, Cvens wignSi saeklesio galobis raobis kvlevis dros

swored zemoT moyvanil ranJirebasa da prioritetulobas vicavdiT.

amasTan, vcdilobdiT, maqsimalurad dagveZlia subieqtivizmi. kvlevisas

calsaxad mivediT daskvnamde, rom saeklesio kanonikur galobas – am

cnebis zusti gagebiT – warmoadgens bizantiuri galoba. magram gvinda

davarwmunoT Cveni oponentebi, rom Cven ar moviTxovT bizantiuri

galobis erTaderTobas da mis sayovelTao damkvidrebas saqarTveloSi.

galoba kanonikis sferos ganekuTvneba da uSualod ar ukavSirdeba

sulis cxonebis sakiTxs. amitom Cven aravis ganvikiTxavT da miviCnevT,

rom galobis yvela met-naklebad tradiciul saxeobas aqvs arsebobis

ufleba. Cven aravis movuwodebT, rom mogvbaZon. magram aseve gaugebaria

da did uxerxulobebs iwvevs Tavad eklesiisTvis, rodesac xdeba

kanonikuri galobis akrZalva, galobisa, romelic yvela adgilobriv

eklesiaSi arsebobs, Tanaarsebobs sxva gvaris galobebTan.

wignSi mniSvnelovani adgili aqvs daTmobili bizantiuri musikis

Teoriasa da kanonikis elementebs. Cven SevecadeT, rom sakiTxTa farTo

speqtrs SevxebodiT. amitom masalis moZieba sxvadasxva wyaroSi mogvixda,

ZiriTadad berZnul, bulgarul, rusul da inglisur wyaroebiSi. iyo

sirTuleebi – magaliTad terminologiasTan dakavSirebiT. erTbaSad

yvela problemis gadawyveta SeuZlebelia. vfiqrobT, am mimarTebiT

momavalSic bevri iqneba gasakeTebeli.

gvinda madloba gadavuxadoT yvelas, vinc Tanadgoma da daxmareba

gagviwia am wignis Sedgenis dros. maTi realuri Sewevnis gareSe am

naSromis daZleva SeuZlebeli iqneboda.

dasasrul aRvniSnav, rom Cven mzada varT konstruqciuli dailogisa

da TanamSromlobisaTvis. miviRebT yvela miukerZoebel SeniSvnasa da

rCevas. vsasoebT RmerTs da gvaqvs didi survili, rom aravin ganvikiTxoT.

da Tuki am mimarTebiT zogjer sisustes viCenT da vcodavT xolme,

Sendobas viTxovT.

avTandil ungiaZe

2 am terminiT pirobiTad aRvwerT am periodis mecnierTa kvlevis meTodsa da

midgomebs

winasityvaoba

Tavi ITavi ITavi ITavi ITavi I

raTa Cvenc msgavsadraTa Cvenc msgavsadraTa Cvenc msgavsadraTa Cvenc msgavsadraTa Cvenc msgavsad

vigaloboT vigaloboT vigaloboT vigaloboT vigaloboT

n etar ars eri igi, romelman icis galoba��

�Seni,� ufalo. fsalmuni 88, muxli 16fsalmuni 88, muxli 16fsalmuni 88, muxli 16fsalmuni 88, muxli 16fsalmuni 88, muxli 16

10

Tavi ITavi ITavi ITavi ITavi I

raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboTraTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboTraTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboTraTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboTraTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT

1. “galoba1. “galoba1. “galoba1. “galoba1. “galoba�� warTqves” warTqves” warTqves” warTqves” warTqves”

saeklesio galobis garSemo mimdinare polemika naTlad gviCvenebs,

rom mopaeqreTagan mravals bolomde gacnobierebuli ara aqvs TviT

saeklesio galobis arsi, misi daniSnuleba da adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi.

maT argumentebSi ikveTeba, rom isini saeklesio galobas ar ganixilaven

kanonikurobis princi pidan gamomdinare. da Tu mainc saubroben

kanonikurobaze, gulisxmoben tradiciasa da tradiciulobas, es maSin,

rodesac saeklesio galobis kanonika am kanonikis damdgenis - wm.

ioane damaskelis droidan dRemde eklesiis mier mkafiod garkveuli,

daculi da Semonaxulia. kanonikurobis ugulebelyofis erT-erTi

magaliTia is, rom galobas RvTismsaxurebis erTgvar musikalur

gaformebad miiCneven. amitom dasaSvebad miaCniaT adgilobriv eklesiebSi

adgilobrivi eris, metic, eris romelime eTnikuri jgufisa Tu gvar-

tomis musikaluri tradiciidan gamomdinare (imis miuxedavad, rom es

tradiciebi da formebi epoqisa da ama Tu im gare zegavlenisagan

radikalurad SeiZleba Seicvalos), SesaZlebelia iyos gansxvavebuli

saxis galobac. da rac aseve sakvirvelia, miaCniaT, rom TviT adgilobriv

eklesiaSi SeiZleba arsebobdes kanonikuri galobis ramdenime sistema,

kuTxurobis niSnis matarebeli. aqedan gamomdinare, saeklesio galobas

eris kulturul monapovrad miiCneven da erovnulobas (kuTxurobasac

ki) zogadeklesiurze win ayeneben.

davsZendiT, rom galobis eklesiurobisa da kanonikurobis sakiTxi

scildeba esTetikisa Tu xelovnebis, aseve adgilobrivi tradiciebisa

Tu musikaluri Sexedulebebisa da gemovnebis sferoebs, vinaidan

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonikuri galoba RvTismsaxurebis erT-

erT formas warmoadgens da RvTivgamocxadebiTi xasiaTis matarebelia.

RvTis sadidebeli galoba rom zeciuri warmomavlobisaa, wmida mamebs

amis dasturad mravali sabuTi mohyavT. sazogadod eklesiaSi, maT

raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT

11

Soris saqarTvelos adgilobriv eklesiaSi, moqmed tipikonsa da

saRvTismsxurebo wignebSi daculi da miTiTebuli galoba aris saeklesio

kanonikuri galoba (romelsac Semdgom bizantiuri galoba ewoda), wm.

ioane damaskelis mier dadgenili da mis sicocxleSive qceuli erTiani

eklesiis (aRmosavleTis eklesiis) kanonikur galobad. saRvTismsaxuro

wignebSi sruliad mkafiodaa miTiTebuli, Tu romeli gvaris sagaloblebi

unda igalobebodes: esaa damaskeliseuli, anu wm. ioane damaskelis mier

dadgenili kanonikiT Seqmnili sagaloblebi, anu bizantiuri sagaloblebi.

amitom saeklesio kanonikuri galobisa da bizantiuri galobis cnebebi

sinonimebs warmoadgens.

eklesiis swavlebiT, saeklesio kanonikuri (bizantiuri) galoba

saTaves iRebs daviTis fsalmunTa galobidan,

Zvelebrauli, palestinuri, siriuli da elinuri

musikaluri xelovnebidan. rac Seexeba axali

aRTqmis eklesias, masSi galoba Tavad ieso

qristem da yovladwmida RvTismSobelma

akurTxes, mociqulebma daafuZnes, Semdeg wmida

mamebma ganavrces da ganamravles sagaloblebi.

galoba msaxurebaSi Tavad macxovarma gamoiyena:

roca macxovarma did xuTSabaTs pasqaluri

saRamo aRasrula da evqaristiis saidumloebis

dadgeniT mas gansakuTrebuli, sruliad axali,

pirveli qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis

mniSvneloba SesZina, man da mociqulebma “galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba��

warTqv es da g a n v ides mTas a m a sw arTqv es da g a n v ides mTas a m a sw arTqv es da g a n v ides mTas a m a sw arTqv es da g a n v ides mTas a m a sw arTqv es da g a n v ides mTas a m a s

zeTisxilTasazeTisxilTasazeTisxilTasazeTisxilTasazeTisxilTasa” (maTe, 26, 30). ase Caeyara

safuZveli galobas qristes eklesiaSi. RvTismsaxurebaSi misi gamoyeneba

kurTxeulia Tavad macxovris piradi magaliTiT. wmida mociqulebma es

magaliTi miiRes da ganamtkices: isini amaRlebis Semdeg, Jamnobebze

locvisas RmerTs ugalobdnen (saqme 16,25).

wm. ioane oqropiri aRniSnavs, rom Ze RmrTisam adamianebs mogvitana

“wyalobis siuxve, mogvitana zeciuri sagaloblebi“wyalobis siuxve, mogvitana zeciuri sagaloblebi“wyalobis siuxve, mogvitana zeciuri sagaloblebi“wyalobis siuxve, mogvitana zeciuri sagaloblebi“wyalobis siuxve, mogvitana zeciuri sagaloblebi” da miT miwa

zecad aqcia. “mxsnelma igaloba, raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“mxsnelma igaloba, raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“mxsnelma igaloba, raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“mxsnelma igaloba, raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“mxsnelma igaloba, raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”

(maTes saxarebis ganmarteba). es WeSmarit qristianTa upiratesobaa, da

“ekuTvniT maT qristes wyalobiT”.ekuTvniT maT qristes wyalobiT”.ekuTvniT maT qristes wyalobiT”.ekuTvniT maT qristes wyalobiT”.ekuTvniT maT qristes wyalobiT”. wm. aTanase didi ambobs: “ufals“ufals“ufals“ufals“ufals

undoda, rom melodia sulieri harmoniis simbolo yofiliyoundoda, rom melodia sulieri harmoniis simbolo yofiliyoundoda, rom melodia sulieri harmoniis simbolo yofiliyoundoda, rom melodia sulieri harmoniis simbolo yofiliyoundoda, rom melodia sulieri harmoniis simbolo yofiliyo

da amitom dagviwesa fsalmunTa galoba”da amitom dagviwesa fsalmunTa galoba”da amitom dagviwesa fsalmunTa galoba”da amitom dagviwesa fsalmunTa galoba”da amitom dagviwesa fsalmunTa galoba”. sakiTxi imis Taobaze,

rom swored bizantiur galobaSia Semonaxuli da daculi galobis is

gvari da saxe, romelic macxovarma piradi magaliTiT dagviwesa, aseve,

rom yvelaze metad masSia Semonaxuli macxovris, mociqulebisa da

eklesiis wmida mamebis mier gadmocemuli Tu Seqmnili sagaloblebis

12

melodiebi, “raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”“raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT”, eklesiis mier calsaxad

garkveuli, aRwerili da dadasturebulia, efuZneba RmrTisa da

RvTismSoblismier kurTxevebs, eklesiisa da wmida mamebis swavlebebsa

da gadmocemebs, da mravali saswauliTa da niSniT aris ganmtkicebuli.

amitom sruliad bunebrivia, marTlmadidebel qristianebs uCndebaT

survili, miiRon da SeuerTdnen eklesiis gamocdilebas.

macxovris piradi magaliTi, TviT gvar-saxeoba galobisa mociqulebma

miiRes, daicves da eklesias gadmosces. Tavdapirveli eklesia Tavisi

RvTiuri moZRvrebis magaliTs mTeli gulmodginebiT misdevda da, rogorc

aRmosavleTis patriarqebi amboben, miT eklesia saRvTo, samociqulo da

sawinaswarmetyvelo saqmes asrulebda. darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom marTlmadidebeli eklesia Soreul warsulSi wmidad inaxavda da

icavda Tavis sagaloblebs. pavle mociqulis sityvebidan gamomdinare

(1 kor. 14, 40) SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom galobas Tavisi wesi da rigi

hqonda da mociqulebis mier dadgenili wesis mixedviT sruldeboda.

mociqulebis Semdgom, yovladwmida RvTismSoblis kurTxeviTa da

suli wmidis SemweobiT, wm. ioane damaskelisa da sxva wm. mamebis

RvawliT, es sagaloblebi, kanonizebuli, tipikonsa da saRvTismsaxuro

wignebSi Setanili da aRniSnuli, dadginda marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi.

qristes eklesias RvTivkurTxeuli da uflis mier boZebuli arasdros

araferi daukargavs. dRes aTonis mTaze da sxva adgilobriv eklesiebSi

arsebuli galobis saxiT daculia swored es kanonikuri, saeklesio

galoba. saqarTveloSi XVIII saukunis Sua wlebamde moqmed tipikons

ewodeboda sabawminduri tipikonis aTonuri redaqcia, romelic Semdgom

slavuri tipikonis mixedviT anton kaTalikosma Seaswora. am Sesworebis

miuxedavad tipikonsa da saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi sagaloblebis

aRniSvna-miTiTebebi ar Secvlila, Tumca, rogorc Cans, am periodidan

moyolebuli, farTod gaeRo kari ruseTidan Semosul mraval siaxlesa

da tradicias, romelic Semdgom, erovnul Targze morgebuli, damkvidrda

rogorc qarTuli tradicia. saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi sagaloblis

xmis, melodiis, avtoris Sesaxeb arsebuli miTiTebebi kargavs Tavis

Sinaarssa da mniSvnelobas da formalobad iqceva.

qarTuli, rusuli da berZnuli wyaroebi calsaxad aCveneben, rom

saqarTveloSi RmrTismsaxureba saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mxolod erTi

formiT, bizantiuri galobiT aResruleboda, vidre mogvianebiT es

galoba mravalxmiani galobiT ar iqna Canacvlebuli. (am faqts aravin

uaryofs, uTanxmoeba Canacvlebis vadebs exeba. istoriuli cnobebi,

ruseTSi ganviTarebul movlenebTan paralelebi, mecnieruli kvlevebi

sakmaod didi damajereblobiT aCveneben, rom es Canacvleba moxda ara

uadres me-17 saukunisa, savaraudod me-18 saukuneSi). mravali wminda

mama iRvwoda saqarTveloSi bizantiuri galobis damkvidrebisaTvis.

13

saeklesio tradiciis Tanaxmad, bizantiuri sagaloblebi iTargmna mraval

adgilobriv, maT Soris, qarTul enaze. aTonisa da sruliad saberZneTis

garda es galoba dRemde daculia ierusalimis, siria-palestinis,

bulgareTis, rumineTisa da serbeTis adgilobriv eklesiebSi. ruseTSi

igi zogierT monasterSi igalobeba, igalobeba erSic, sadac Seqmnilia

bizantiuri galobis Semsrulebeli gundebi.

bizantiuri sagaloblebi bolo periodSi iTargmna sxva enebzec da

evropis, amerikisa da msoflios sxva qveynebis mraval adgilobriv

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi gadaiRes da daamkvidres.

2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli

galoba RvTisadmi aris ara mxolod adamianis sulis locviTi

grZnobebisa da miswrafebebis gamovlineba, aramed aseve zeciuri usxeulo

Zalebisa da wmida angelozebisac. Sesabamisad, eklesiuri galoba zeciuri

warmomavlobisaa. iobis sityvis Tanaxmad (iobi, 38, 7), xiluli samyaro

Semoqmedisadmi sadidebeli galobiT misi SeqmnisTanave axmianda. Semdgom

rCeul adamianebs – winaswarmetyvelebs - aRtacebis Jams samhipostasuri

RvTisadmi usxeulo arsebebis galoba esmodaT.

esaia winaswarmetyvelma (es. 6, 2. 3.) ixila

ufali, maRal taxtze mjdomare. igi

garSemortymuli iyo eqvsfrTovani

serafimebiT, romlebic erTimeores

exmianebodnen da ambobdnen: “wmida ars! wmida

ars! wmida ars! ufali sabaoT”, anu serafimebi

erTmaneTs RmrTis sadideblad ganawyobdnen,

urTierT SexmianebiT TavianT Sinagan

sixarulsa da netarebas amravalkecebdnen.

garda amisa angelozebis ciuri galoba

gaigones beTlemelma mwyemsebma qristes Sobis

Jams. maSin zeciurma mxedrobam maTi yurTasmena aRavso miwieri bgerebiTa

da adamianuri xmebiT da aRavlina axali galoba: “dideba� maRalTa

Sina RmerTsa da queyanasa zeda mSvidoba� da kacTa Soris saTnoeba�”.

RvTismSoblis miZinebis dros mociqulebs esmodaT uxorco ZalTa

galoba. mwyobr gundad mgalobeli serafimebi cidan, xolo angelozebi

miwaze gvaswavlian RmrTis Wvretasa da galobiT mis didebas.

saeklesio swavlebiT (rac damowmebulia uamravi saswaulebrivi

gamocxadebiT), swored bizantiuri galoba warmoadgens zeciuri galobis

anarekls. zogierTi galoba uSualod angelozebma aswavles Tu ukarnaxes

adamianebs. magaliTisaTvis, cnobilia, rom X saukuneSi aTonis mTis,

kariesis im monastris bers, romelSic “Rirs arsis” wm. xati iyo

14

dabrZanebuli, gamoecxada angelozi da aswavla sagalobeli “Rirs

arsi” meore xmis qromatul kiloSi. am monasterSi dRemde mxolod

am meore xmis “Rirs arss” galoben, masve galoben sxva monastrebsa da

taZrebSi. es is qromatuli kiloa, romelic wm. ioane damaskelma

rvaxmaTas meore xmas daudo safuZvlad. am da sxva uamrav SemTxvevaTa

gamo eklesia bizantiur galobas uwodebs angelozebriv galobas,

zeciurisadmi mimsgavsebul galobas, qerubimTa galobas. saRmrTo

liturgiis erT-erT yvelaze amaRlebul wuTebSi mTeli eklesia da

eklesiis yoveli wevri erTxmad RaRadebs:

“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT da“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT da“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT da“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT da“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT da

cxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisacxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisacxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisacxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisacxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisa

galobasa SevswiravT”galobasa SevswiravT”galobasa SevswiravT”galobasa SevswiravT”galobasa SevswiravT”

vfiqrobT, qerubimni swored im galobiT adideben RmerTs, romelic

RmrTisTvis metad saTnoa. bizantiuri galoba ki, rogorc vTqviT,

swored am galobis anareklia. da gana RvTivkurTxeul galobas

ganuwyvetliv, yoveldRiurad “romelni qerubimTas” “romelni qerubimTas” “romelni qerubimTas” “romelni qerubimTas” “romelni qerubimTas” mRaRadebeli

eklesia ar daicavda da ar daicavs? da gana sityvebma “saidumlod

vemsgavseniT”, romelic qerubimTa galobas exmianeba, xolo mimsgavseba

bizantiur galobasac gulisxmobs, dakarges Tavisi mniSvneloba da

Sinaarsi?

3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli

ZvelTaganve sagaloblebs, uZveles melodiebs Txzavdnen eklesiis

aRmSeneblobis sibrZniT gasxivosnebuli, RvTismosaobiTa da wminda

cxovrebiT, aseve mravali sulieri niWiT gamorCeuli adamianebi, Zveli

aRTqmis, pirvel da Sua saukuneebSi

moRvawe udidesi mamebi. qristianu-

li eklesiis kanonikuri sagalo-

blebis Semqmnel da damdgen wminda

mamebs RmerTi Seewe- oda, rac mravali

saswauliT aris da- dasturebuli. ma-

galiTad: wm. romanoz tkbiladmgalo-

bels galobis niWi RvTismSoblis na-

Cuqari gragniliT miemadla, aseve

RvTismSobelma gan- kurna Rirsi mama

ioane damaskeli da xalifas mier mokveTili xeli gaumTela,

RvTismSoblisganve miemadla fexis kurneba aTonel mgalobel ioane

kukuzelsac.

bizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnuli

15bizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnulibizantiuri Tu berZnuli

saeklesio galobis Camoyalibebis procesis gvirgvinad iqca wm. ioane

damaskelis Semoqmedeba. igi Tavad yovladwmida RvTismSobelma akurTxa,

Seeqmna galoba, romelic mTeli eklesiis galobad

iqceoda da vidre meored mosvlamde

igalobeboda. sabawmidis monasterSi moRvawe

damaskelma, kosma maiumelTan da monasterSi

moRvawe sxva mamebTan erTad, suliwmidis

SemweobiTa da daxmarebiT, am saRvTo saqmes

warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi da mis mier

dadgenili galoba mis sicocxleSive iqca

aRmosa vleTis (rac igiv e a -

marTlmadidebeli) eklesiis kanonikur

galobad. man srulyo “wm. saba ganwmendilis“wm. saba ganwmendilis“wm. saba ganwmendilis“wm. saba ganwmendilis“wm. saba ganwmendilis

fasdaudebeli tifasdaudebeli tifasdaudebeli tifasdaudebeli tifasdaudebeli ti pikonipikonipikonipikonipikoni11111,,,,, romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs

ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvca

saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeul

adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTari

tititititi pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda, xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. ioane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiT

damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba” (giorgi papadopulosi, “bizantiuri

saeklesio musikis istoriuli mimoxilva mociqulTa droidan Cvens

dromde”, aTeni, 1904w.). “VIII saukunidan bizantiuri himnografiisVIII saukunidan bizantiuri himnografiisVIII saukunidan bizantiuri himnografiisVIII saukunidan bizantiuri himnografiisVIII saukunidan bizantiuri himnografiis

istoriaSi iwyeba axali, e.w. sabawmiduri periodi. sabawmidisistoriaSi iwyeba axali, e.w. sabawmiduri periodi. sabawmidisistoriaSi iwyeba axali, e.w. sabawmiduri periodi. sabawmidisistoriaSi iwyeba axali, e.w. sabawmiduri periodi. sabawmidisistoriaSi iwyeba axali, e.w. sabawmiduri periodi. sabawmidis

SesaniSnavi poet-melodosebis – ioane damaskelisa da kozmaSesaniSnavi poet-melodosebis – ioane damaskelisa da kozmaSesaniSnavi poet-melodosebis – ioane damaskelisa da kozmaSesaniSnavi poet-melodosebis – ioane damaskelisa da kozmaSesaniSnavi poet-melodosebis – ioane damaskelisa da kozma

ierusalimelis saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli am drois bizantiisierusalimelis saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli am drois bizantiisierusalimelis saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli am drois bizantiisierusalimelis saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli am drois bizantiisierusalimelis saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli am drois bizantiis

himnografiisa da musikis dargSi Catarebuli didi reforma;himnografiisa da musikis dargSi Catarebuli didi reforma;himnografiisa da musikis dargSi Catarebuli didi reforma;himnografiisa da musikis dargSi Catarebuli didi reforma;himnografiisa da musikis dargSi Catarebuli didi reforma;

himnografiis adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi ganuzomlad gaizarda,himnografiis adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi ganuzomlad gaizarda,himnografiis adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi ganuzomlad gaizarda,himnografiis adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi ganuzomlad gaizarda,himnografiis adgili RvTismsaxurebaSi ganuzomlad gaizarda,

kanonma miiRo dadgenili saxekanonma miiRo dadgenili saxekanonma miiRo dadgenili saxekanonma miiRo dadgenili saxekanonma miiRo dadgenili saxe” (elene metreveli, “Zlispirni da

RvTismSoblisani”, gv. 07-08).

wm. ioane damaskeli warmoSobiT sirieli iyo _ damaskodan. aseve

mis winamorbed, Tanamedrove Tu Semdgom moRvawe mamaTagan, romlebic

qmnidnen, avsebdnen da srulyofdnen eklesiis kanonikur _ bizantiur

galobas, iyvnen araberZeni warmomavlobisa da araberZnuli kulturis

mimdevari mamebi. TviT wm. ioane damaskelis moRvaweobis dros sabawmidis

monasterSi iyvnen palestineli, sirieli da sxva berebi, maT Soris,

qarTveli mamebic, romlebic, bunebrivia, monawileobdnen kanonikuri

sagaloblebis Seqmnisa da Camoyalibebis procesSi, galobasa da

sagaloblebSi maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli musikaluri elementebi SehqondaT.

“palestinis sabawmidis monasteri, saxelmoxveWili kerapalestinis sabawmidis monasteri, saxelmoxveWili kerapalestinis sabawmidis monasteri, saxelmoxveWili kerapalestinis sabawmidis monasteri, saxelmoxveWili kerapalestinis sabawmidis monasteri, saxelmoxveWili kera

bizantiuri mwerlobisa, uZvelesi qarTuli samwerlo centricbizantiuri mwerlobisa, uZvelesi qarTuli samwerlo centricbizantiuri mwerlobisa, uZvelesi qarTuli samwerlo centricbizantiuri mwerlobisa, uZvelesi qarTuli samwerlo centricbizantiuri mwerlobisa, uZvelesi qarTuli samwerlo centric

1 wm. saba ganwmedilis tipikoni Cvens eklesiaSi dResac xmarebaSia

16

iyo, sadac intensiuri mTargmnelobiTi muSaoba gaiSala VIIIiyo, sadac intensiuri mTargmnelobiTi muSaoba gaiSala VIIIiyo, sadac intensiuri mTargmnelobiTi muSaoba gaiSala VIIIiyo, sadac intensiuri mTargmnelobiTi muSaoba gaiSala VIIIiyo, sadac intensiuri mTargmnelobiTi muSaoba gaiSala VIII

(SeiZleba ufro adre) saukunidan (k. kekeliZe, qarTuli(SeiZleba ufro adre) saukunidan (k. kekeliZe, qarTuli(SeiZleba ufro adre) saukunidan (k. kekeliZe, qarTuli(SeiZleba ufro adre) saukunidan (k. kekeliZe, qarTuli(SeiZleba ufro adre) saukunidan (k. kekeliZe, qarTuli

literaturliteraturliteraturliteraturliteraturis istois istois istois istois istorrrrria,ia,ia,ia,ia, t t t t t I, I, I, I, I, 1 1 1 1 1960,960,960,960,960, gv. 89-91; gv. 89-91; gv. 89-91; gv. 89-91; gv. 89-91; P. Peeters, Le trefondsoriental de I’hagiographie byzantine, Bruxells, 1950,g v . 202 -3) . rogorc C a n s , uZ v elesig v . 202 -3) . rogorc C a n s , uZ v elesig v . 202 -3) . rogorc C a n s , uZ v elesig v . 202 -3) . rogorc C a n s , uZ v elesig v . 202 -3) . rogorc C a n s , uZ v elesi

liturgikuli Zeglebic aq iTargmna da Sedga.liturgikuli Zeglebic aq iTargmna da Sedga.liturgikuli Zeglebic aq iTargmna da Sedga.liturgikuli Zeglebic aq iTargmna da Sedga.liturgikuli Zeglebic aq iTargmna da Sedga.

amas mowmobs sabawmidur-sinuri warmomavlobaamas mowmobs sabawmidur-sinuri warmomavlobaamas mowmobs sabawmidur-sinuri warmomavlobaamas mowmobs sabawmidur-sinuri warmomavlobaamas mowmobs sabawmidur-sinuri warmomavloba

iseTi unikaluri Zeglebisa, rogoricaa ioane-iseTi unikaluri Zeglebisa, rogoricaa ioane-iseTi unikaluri Zeglebisa, rogoricaa ioane-iseTi unikaluri Zeglebisa, rogoricaa ioane-iseTi unikaluri Zeglebisa, rogoricaa ioane-

zosimes kalendari (zosimes kalendari (zosimes kalendari (zosimes kalendari (zosimes kalendari (Sin.34), ierusalimis), ierusalimis), ierusalimis), ierusalimis), ierusalimis

leqcionari (leqcionari (leqcionari (leqcionari (leqcionari (Sin.37), e.w. Wil-etratis iadgari), e.w. Wil-etratis iadgari), e.w. Wil-etratis iadgari), e.w. Wil-etratis iadgari), e.w. Wil-etratis iadgari

(xelnawerTa inst. (xelnawerTa inst. (xelnawerTa inst. (xelnawerTa inst. (xelnawerTa inst. H – 2123) da sabawmindur-2123) da sabawmindur-2123) da sabawmindur-2123) da sabawmindur-2123) da sabawmindur-

sinuri iadgarebisinuri iadgarebisinuri iadgarebisinuri iadgarebisinuri iadgarebi” (elene metreveli, “Zlispirni da RvTismSoblisani”,

gv. 07). “ierusalimis sabawmiduri himnografiis skolasTanierusalimis sabawmiduri himnografiis skolasTanierusalimis sabawmiduri himnografiis skolasTanierusalimis sabawmiduri himnografiis skolasTanierusalimis sabawmiduri himnografiis skolasTan

aris dakavSirebuli, agreTve, momdevno (VIII-X) saukuneebisaris dakavSirebuli, agreTve, momdevno (VIII-X) saukuneebisaris dakavSirebuli, agreTve, momdevno (VIII-X) saukuneebisaris dakavSirebuli, agreTve, momdevno (VIII-X) saukuneebisaris dakavSirebuli, agreTve, momdevno (VIII-X) saukuneebis

etap i q arTuli hi m nografiis g a n v iTareb aSi , rodes acetap i q arTuli hi m nografiis g a n v iTareb aSi , rodes acetap i q arTuli hi m nografiis g a n v iTareb aSi , rodes acetap i q arTuli hi m nografiis g a n v iTareb aSi , rodes acetap i q arTuli hi m nografiis g a n v iTareb aSi , rodes ac

liturgikaSi farTod ikidebs fexs bizantiuri ritmuli poezia.liturgikaSi farTod ikidebs fexs bizantiuri ritmuli poezia.liturgikaSi farTod ikidebs fexs bizantiuri ritmuli poezia.liturgikaSi farTod ikidebs fexs bizantiuri ritmuli poezia.liturgikaSi farTod ikidebs fexs bizantiuri ritmuli poezia.

sabawmidis saxelmoxveWili poeti-melodosebis gverdiT dasabawmidis saxelmoxveWili poeti-melodosebis gverdiT dasabawmidis saxelmoxveWili poeti-melodosebis gverdiT dasabawmidis saxelmoxveWili poeti-melodosebis gverdiT dasabawmidis saxelmoxveWili poeti-melodosebis gverdiT da

maTTan SemoqmedebiT kontaqtSi sabawmidis qarTvel himnografTamaTTan SemoqmedebiT kontaqtSi sabawmidis qarTvel himnografTamaTTan SemoqmedebiT kontaqtSi sabawmidis qarTvel himnografTamaTTan SemoqmedebiT kontaqtSi sabawmidis qarTvel himnografTamaTTan SemoqmedebiT kontaqtSi sabawmidis qarTvel himnografTa

koleqtivSi iqmneboda pirveli qarTuli iadgrebi, sadac TavikoleqtivSi iqmneboda pirveli qarTuli iadgrebi, sadac TavikoleqtivSi iqmneboda pirveli qarTuli iadgrebi, sadac TavikoleqtivSi iqmneboda pirveli qarTuli iadgrebi, sadac TavikoleqtivSi iqmneboda pirveli qarTuli iadgrebi, sadac Tavi

moeyara adreuli bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis nimuSebs. aqvemoeyara adreuli bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis nimuSebs. aqvemoeyara adreuli bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis nimuSebs. aqvemoeyara adreuli bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis nimuSebs. aqvemoeyara adreuli bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis nimuSebs. aqve

da sinis mTaze Seiqmna qarTuli originaluri himnografiisda sinis mTaze Seiqmna qarTuli originaluri himnografiisda sinis mTaze Seiqmna qarTuli originaluri himnografiisda sinis mTaze Seiqmna qarTuli originaluri himnografiisda sinis mTaze Seiqmna qarTuli originaluri himnografiis

bevri brwyinvale nawarmoebi. IX-XI saukuneebis adgilobrivmabevri brwyinvale nawarmoebi. IX-XI saukuneebis adgilobrivmabevri brwyinvale nawarmoebi. IX-XI saukuneebis adgilobrivmabevri brwyinvale nawarmoebi. IX-XI saukuneebis adgilobrivmabevri brwyinvale nawarmoebi. IX-XI saukuneebis adgilobrivma

da aTonis himnografiulma skolebma daagvirgvines qarTvelTada aTonis himnografiulma skolebma daagvirgvines qarTvelTada aTonis himnografiulma skolebma daagvirgvines qarTvelTada aTonis himnografiulma skolebma daagvirgvines qarTvelTada aTonis himnografiulma skolebma daagvirgvines qarTvelTa

mdidari Semoqmedeba sasuliero poeziis dargSimdidari Semoqmedeba sasuliero poeziis dargSimdidari Semoqmedeba sasuliero poeziis dargSimdidari Semoqmedeba sasuliero poeziis dargSimdidari Semoqmedeba sasuliero poeziis dargSi” (elene metreveli,

“Zlispirni da RvTismSoblisani”, gv. 03). saeklesio galobis reformam

– kanonikis Seqmnam “moiTxova samRvdelmsaxuro wignebis axalimoiTxova samRvdelmsaxuro wignebis axalimoiTxova samRvdelmsaxuro wignebis axalimoiTxova samRvdelmsaxuro wignebis axalimoiTxova samRvdelmsaxuro wignebis axali

TvalsazrisiT gadasinjva da gadaxaliseba. es saqmianobacTvalsazrisiT gadasinjva da gadaxaliseba. es saqmianobacTvalsazrisiT gadasinjva da gadaxaliseba. es saqmianobacTvalsazrisiT gadasinjva da gadaxaliseba. es saqmianobacTvalsazrisiT gadasinjva da gadaxaliseba. es saqmianobac

mimdinareobda VIII-IX saukuneebis sabawmidur himnografebismimdinareobda VIII-IX saukuneebis sabawmidur himnografebismimdinareobda VIII-IX saukuneebis sabawmidur himnografebismimdinareobda VIII-IX saukuneebis sabawmidur himnografebismimdinareobda VIII-IX saukuneebis sabawmidur himnografebis

wreSi, iq, sadac qarTvelebi ukve VIII saukunidan didwreSi, iq, sadac qarTvelebi ukve VIII saukunidan didwreSi, iq, sadac qarTvelebi ukve VIII saukunidan didwreSi, iq, sadac qarTvelebi ukve VIII saukunidan didwreSi, iq, sadac qarTvelebi ukve VIII saukunidan did

SemoqmedebiTsa da mTargmnelobiT muSaobas eweodnen berZenSemoqmedebiTsa da mTargmnelobiT muSaobas eweodnen berZenSemoqmedebiTsa da mTargmnelobiT muSaobas eweodnen berZenSemoqmedebiTsa da mTargmnelobiT muSaobas eweodnen berZenSemoqmedebiTsa da mTargmnelobiT muSaobas eweodnen berZen

poetebTan, melodosebTan da liturgistebTan kontaqtSi. ampoetebTan, melodosebTan da liturgistebTan kontaqtSi. ampoetebTan, melodosebTan da liturgistebTan kontaqtSi. ampoetebTan, melodosebTan da liturgistebTan kontaqtSi. ampoetebTan, melodosebTan da liturgistebTan kontaqtSi. am

intensiuri muSaobis Sedegia Cvenamde moRweuli X saukunisintensiuri muSaobis Sedegia Cvenamde moRweuli X saukunisintensiuri muSaobis Sedegia Cvenamde moRweuli X saukunisintensiuri muSaobis Sedegia Cvenamde moRweuli X saukunisintensiuri muSaobis Sedegia Cvenamde moRweuli X saukunis

sinuri iadgarebi, romlebic sabawmiduri skolis axalisinuri iadgarebi, romlebic sabawmiduri skolis axalisinuri iadgarebi, romlebic sabawmiduri skolis axalisinuri iadgarebi, romlebic sabawmiduri skolis axalisinuri iadgarebi, romlebic sabawmiduri skolis axali

moTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian Sedgenilni da ammoTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian Sedgenilni da ammoTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian Sedgenilni da ammoTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian Sedgenilni da ammoTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian Sedgenilni da am

droisaTvis himnografiisa da liturgikis ukanasknel sityvasdroisaTvis himnografiisa da liturgikis ukanasknel sityvasdroisaTvis himnografiisa da liturgikis ukanasknel sityvasdroisaTvis himnografiisa da liturgikis ukanasknel sityvasdroisaTvis himnografiisa da liturgikis ukanasknel sityvas

warmoadgenen. amrigad, qarTul liturgikul xelnawerebSiwarmoadgenen. amrigad, qarTul liturgikul xelnawerebSiwarmoadgenen. amrigad, qarTul liturgikul xelnawerebSiwarmoadgenen. amrigad, qarTul liturgikul xelnawerebSiwarmoadgenen. amrigad, qarTul liturgikul xelnawerebSi

warmodgenilia bizantiuri himnografiis ganviTarebis uwyvetiwarmodgenilia bizantiuri himnografiis ganviTarebis uwyvetiwarmodgenilia bizantiuri himnografiis ganviTarebis uwyvetiwarmodgenilia bizantiuri himnografiis ganviTarebis uwyvetiwarmodgenilia bizantiuri himnografiis ganviTarebis uwyveti

xazi adrebizantiuri xanidan (VI-VII ss .) sabawmidurixazi adrebizantiuri xanidan (VI-VII ss .) sabawmidurixazi adrebizantiuri xanidan (VI-VII ss .) sabawmidurixazi adrebizantiuri xanidan (VI-VII ss .) sabawmidurixazi adrebizantiuri xanidan (VI-VII ss .) sabawmiduri

himnografiuli skolis (VIII-IX ss.) CaTvliT . . . miqaelhimnografiuli skolis (VIII-IX ss.) CaTvliT . . . miqaelhimnografiuli skolis (VIII-IX ss.) CaTvliT . . . miqaelhimnografiuli skolis (VIII-IX ss.) CaTvliT . . . miqaelhimnografiuli skolis (VIII-IX ss.) CaTvliT . . . miqael

modrekilis cnobilma iadgarma, romelic Seiqmna Satberdismodrekilis cnobilma iadgarma, romelic Seiqmna Satberdismodrekilis cnobilma iadgarma, romelic Seiqmna Satberdismodrekilis cnobilma iadgarma, romelic Seiqmna Satberdismodrekilis cnobilma iadgarma, romelic Seiqmna Satberdis

lavraSi X saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi, daagvirgvina qarTulilavraSi X saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi, daagvirgvina qarTulilavraSi X saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi, daagvirgvina qarTulilavraSi X saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi, daagvirgvina qarTulilavraSi X saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi, daagvirgvina qarTuli

17

himnografiis rTuli da saintereso gzahimnografiis rTuli da saintereso gzahimnografiis rTuli da saintereso gzahimnografiis rTuli da saintereso gzahimnografiis rTuli da saintereso gza” (elene metreveli,

“Zlispirni da RvTismSoblisani”, gv. 08).

ai, aseTi mWidro SemoqmedebiTi kavSiri iyo aRmosavleTis eklesiis

xalxebs Soris, romelTa erToblivi Rvawli saeklesio kanonikuri,

bizantiuri galobis SeqmniTa da aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi damkvidrebiT

dagvirgvinda. amitom bizantiuri galobis mxolod berZnulad miCneva

araeklesiuria, aramecnierulia da savsebiT umarTebulo midgomaa. aqedan

gamomdinare, am galobis mimTvisebeli berZenni, bizantiur musikaSi berZenTa

didi Rvawlisa da berZnuli kulturis mniSvnelovani wvlilis

miuxedavad, aseve araberZenni, romlebic bizantiur galobas berZnulad

warmoadgenen da mxolod berZenTa kuTvnilebad Tvlian, aramarTebulad

iRvwian da eklesiis erTianobas arRveven.

mniSvnelovani da arsebiTia gansxvaveba im berZnebsa da araberZnebs

Sorisac, romlebic bizantiur galobas berZnuls uwodeben. araberZenni

am galobas postbizantiuri saberZneTis mier Seqmnil galobad miiCneven.

berZnebi ki, ZiriTadad, bizantiamdels, Zvels, elinurs gulisxmoben.

isini, sazogadod, bizantiur kulturas berZnul fenomenad miiCneven,

rac, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, Cveni azriT, aramarTebulia. magaliTisaTvis

mogvyavs amonaweri serveTisa da kozanis mitropolitis _ episkopos

dionisios l. fsarianosis naSromidan “bizantiuri musika berZnul

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi”, aTeni, 1960 w.: “bizantiuri musika aris“bizantiuri musika aris“bizantiuri musika aris“bizantiuri musika aris“bizantiuri musika aris

liturgikuli sagalobeli berZnul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSiliturgikuli sagalobeli berZnul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSiliturgikuli sagalobeli berZnul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSiliturgikuli sagalobeli berZnul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSiliturgikuli sagalobeli berZnul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi

da misi Semoqmedeba, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi arasasurvelida misi Semoqmedeba, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi arasasurvelida misi Semoqmedeba, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi arasasurvelida misi Semoqmedeba, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi arasasurvelida misi Semoqmedeba, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi arasasurveli

gavlenis miuxedav ad , mowmobs mis Zvel anu berZnulgavlenis miuxedav ad , mowmobs mis Zvel anu berZnulgavlenis miuxedav ad , mowmobs mis Zvel anu berZnulgavlenis miuxedav ad , mowmobs mis Zvel anu berZnulgavlenis miuxedav ad , mowmobs mis Zvel anu berZnul

warmomavlobas. termini warmomavlobas. termini warmomavlobas. termini warmomavlobas. termini warmomavlobas. termini (bizantiuri musika – a.u.) gaiazreba imgaiazreba imgaiazreba imgaiazreba imgaiazreba im

TvalsazrisiT, rom aRniSnuli xelovneba istoriulad bizantiasTvalsazrisiT, rom aRniSnuli xelovneba istoriulad bizantiasTvalsazrisiT, rom aRniSnuli xelovneba istoriulad bizantiasTvalsazrisiT, rom aRniSnuli xelovneba istoriulad bizantiasTvalsazrisiT, rom aRniSnuli xelovneba istoriulad bizantias

uk a vSirdeb a da m is i elem e nte b ic as e v e b iz a ntiuriuk a vSirdeb a da m is i elem e nte b ic as e v e b iz a ntiuriuk a vSirdeb a da m is i elem e nte b ic as e v e b iz a ntiuriuk a vSirdeb a da m is i elem e nte b ic as e v e b iz a ntiuriuk a vSirdeb a da m is i elem e nte b ic as e v e b iz a ntiuri

warmomavlobisaa.”warmomavlobisaa.”warmomavlobisaa.”warmomavlobisaa.”warmomavlobisaa.” episkoposi miiCnevs, rom bizantiuri galobis

elementebi bizantiuri warmomavlobisaa, oRond sazogadod bizantiur

musikalur xelovnebas ZvelberZnulad miiCnevs. mogvyavs kidev erTi

amonaridi imave naSromidan, romelic savsebiT sworad ganmartavs

bizantiuri galobis raobas: “marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri musika“marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri musika“marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri musika“marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri musika“marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri musika

aris mkacrad gansazRvruli saeklesio melosi, romelsac aqvsaris mkacrad gansazRvruli saeklesio melosi, romelsac aqvsaris mkacrad gansazRvruli saeklesio melosi, romelsac aqvsaris mkacrad gansazRvruli saeklesio melosi, romelsac aqvsaris mkacrad gansazRvruli saeklesio melosi, romelsac aqvs

samRvdelmsaxurebo da liturgikuli xasiaTi. misi SesrulebissamRvdelmsaxurebo da liturgikuli xasiaTi. misi SesrulebissamRvdelmsaxurebo da liturgikuli xasiaTi. misi SesrulebissamRvdelmsaxurebo da liturgikuli xasiaTi. misi SesrulebissamRvdelmsaxurebo da liturgikuli xasiaTi. misi Sesrulebis

areali SemosazRvrulia taZris Sida sivrciT da uwmiduriareali SemosazRvrulia taZris Sida sivrciT da uwmiduriareali SemosazRvrulia taZris Sida sivrciT da uwmiduriareali SemosazRvrulia taZris Sida sivrciT da uwmiduriareali SemosazRvrulia taZris Sida sivrciT da uwmiduri

profanuri elementisagan gamijnulia, igi saero simRerisaganprofanuri elementisagan gamijnulia, igi saero simRerisaganprofanuri elementisagan gamijnulia, igi saero simRerisaganprofanuri elementisagan gamijnulia, igi saero simRerisaganprofanuri elementisagan gamijnulia, igi saero simRerisagan

aSkarad gansxvavdeba, aris marTlmadidebluri msaxurebisaSkarad gansxvavdeba, aris marTlmadidebluri msaxurebisaSkarad gansxvavdeba, aris marTlmadidebluri msaxurebisaSkarad gansxvavdeba, aris marTlmadidebluri msaxurebisaSkarad gansxvavdeba, aris marTlmadidebluri msaxurebis

“Tanaarsi”, . . . isic eklesiis wiaRSi iSva da xelovnurad“Tanaarsi”, . . . isic eklesiis wiaRSi iSva da xelovnurad“Tanaarsi”, . . . isic eklesiis wiaRSi iSva da xelovnurad“Tanaarsi”, . . . isic eklesiis wiaRSi iSva da xelovnurad“Tanaarsi”, . . . isic eklesiis wiaRSi iSva da xelovnurad

garedan arafers ikarebs”.garedan arafers ikarebs”.garedan arafers ikarebs”.garedan arafers ikarebs”.garedan arafers ikarebs”. berZenTa mxriv “dasakuTrebis” aseTi

tendenciis miuxedavad, isini ar uaryofen, rom bizantiuri galoba aris

mTeli aRmosavleTis eklesiis kanonikuri galoba, masSi Sobili da

18

RvTismsaxurebis “Tanaarsi”. amitom es Tvalsazrisi, romelic, Cveni

azriT, mikerZoebulia, mainc ar arRvevs eklesiis kanonikur mTlianobas.

bizantiur galobas mTeli aRmosavleTis eklesiis kanonikur galobad

miiCnevs uklebliv yvela adgilobrivi eklesia. magaliTad, wignSi -

”ÊÐÀÒÚÊ ÏÑÀËÒÈÊÈÅÍ ÂÚÇÊÐÅÑÍÈÊ”, Îñìîãëàñíèê, îò Ìàíàñèéï. Òîäîðîâ, IV èçäàíèå, Ñèíîäèàëüíî Èçäàòåëüñòâî - romelic

warmoadgens bulgareTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sinodalur

gamocemas, pirdapir weria, rom bizantiuri galoba mTeli

marTlmadidebeli (aRmosavleTis) eklesiis kuTvnilebaa da ara romelime

adgilobrivi, Tundac berZnuli eklesiisa. zogadad unda iTqvas, rombulgareTis marTlmadidebel eklesias ar daukargavs aRmosavleTis

eklesiis kanonikuri galoba, SeinarCuna rogorc sagaloblebi, ise codna

eklesiis kanonikuri (bizantiuri) galobisa da misi notaciis Sesaxeb,

miuxedavad imisa, rom mogvianebiT, ruseTis gavleniT, polifoniurma

galobam masSic moikida fexi. faqtobrivad bulgareTSi daculi

bizantiuri galobis saxiT saxezea aRmosavleTis eklesiis kanonikuri

galoba slavur enaze. erTaderTi ena, romelzec bizantiuri galobis

praqtika ar SenarCunda, qarTuli enaa. es faqti qarTuli

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebulobisa da, metadre,

aRmatebulobis damadasturebel argumentad ar unda iTvlebodes.

rac Seexeba ZvelberZnul xelovnebas, Cven, ra Tqma unda, ar uarvyofT

kanonikur galobaze Zveli berZnuli kulturis, musikaluri azrovnebisa

da musikaluri sistemebis Zlier gavlenas da kanonikuri galobis

safuZvlebSi misi elementebis CarTvas. magram, rogorc zemoT ukve

aRvniSneT, bizantiuri galobis kanonikis SeqmnaSi monawileobdnen

araberZeni mamebic. bizantiuri xelovnebis SeqmnaSi maTi wvlili da

Rvawli sruliad aSkaraa. Tavi rom davaneboT bizantiuri musikaluri

xelovnebis fenomenis Camoyalibebis, daxvewisa da ganviTarebis procesze

qarTveli, somexi da sxva erebis xelovnebis gavlenas, sruliad gaugebaria

masze Zvelebrauli, palestinuri da siriuli xelovnebis gavlenis

uaryofa. bizantiur musikaSi am gavlenis kvali da musikaluri elementebi

SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac kargad Cans. zogierTi amas postbizantiur,

Turqul gavlenad miiCnevs, rac savsebiT mcdari da alogikuria.

sinamdvileSi sruliad sapirispiro movlenas hqonda adgili:

maRalganviTarebuli bizantiuri kulturis gavleniT Camoyalibda

kulturisa da xelovnebis armqone Turquli tomebis kultura da

xelovneba; Turquli musikaluri xelovnebis CamoyalibebaSi sayovelTaod

aris cnobili konstantinepolis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis cnobili

mgaloblebisa da musikosebis roli. aseve sayovelTaod, dokumenturadaa

cnobili konstantinepolis marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi mkacri

kontrolis arseboba, romlis mizani ara mxolod kanonikuri galobis

19

gareSe elementebis SeWrisagan dacva iyo, aramed eklesiis wiaRSive

Sobili, magram kanonikuri galobisaTvis miuRebeli elementebis

gavrcelebis aRkveTac.

Cven aseve ar ugulebelvyofT dRevandel galobaSi postbizantiuri

periodis berZeni moRvaweebis, gansakuTrebiT petre

peloponeselis († 1777), Semoqmedebasa da wvlils.

magram aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT, rom maT mier

gadamuSavebuli da adaptirebuli Tu Seqmnili

sagaloblebi dawerilia bizantiuri galobis

kanonikis sruli dacviT; anu es melodiebi da kiloebi

damaskeliseul kanonikur xmebs miekuTvnebian da

kanonikuri melodiuri formulebis, sxva musikaluri elementebis

gamoyenebiTa da mkacrad dadgenili wesebis dacviT arian agebulni.

saeklesio kanonikis Rirseba swored is aris, rom istoriul

memkvidreobasTan erTad igi iZleva cocxali, SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis

saSualebas, sazogado formebisa da elementebis matarebelic aris da

calkeuli marTlmadidebeli erebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis

damtevic. kanonika swored imisTvis dadginda, rom Semoqmedeba dasaSveb

zRvars ar gascdenoda da eklesiisTvis miuRebeli esTetika, Sinaarsi

da formebi ar warmoeSva.

rac Seexeba qarTul istoriografias, istoriul cnobebSi

“bizantiuris” magivrad sityva “berZnulis” gamoyeneba araviTar

gaugebrobas ar iwvevs . istoriulad isini sinonimebad damkvidrdnen

da aseTi midgoma sazogadod mTeli RvTismsaxurebis wessa da mis

elementebze vrceldeboda.

gamocemis winasityvaobaSi, romelic “bizantiuri tradiciiT galobis”

rubrikiT gamodis da Rirsi ioane damaskelis qmnilebas - paseqis

kanons eZRvneba, gamocemis avtori, i. boldiSeva wers: “berZnuli“berZnuli“berZnuli“berZnuli“berZnuli

eklesiis Tanamedrove galoba amJamad warmoadgens cocxaleklesiis Tanamedrove galoba amJamad warmoadgens cocxaleklesiis Tanamedrove galoba amJamad warmoadgens cocxaleklesiis Tanamedrove galoba amJamad warmoadgens cocxaleklesiis Tanamedrove galoba amJamad warmoadgens cocxal

marTlmadideblur saeklesio-samgaloblo tradicias. TavisimarTlmadideblur saeklesio-samgaloblo tradicias. TavisimarTlmadideblur saeklesio-samgaloblo tradicias. TavisimarTlmadideblur saeklesio-samgaloblo tradicias. TavisimarTlmadideblur saeklesio-samgaloblo tradicias. Tavisi

saTaveebidanve da Semdeg ganviTarebis procesSi man SeiTvisasaTaveebidanve da Semdeg ganviTarebis procesSi man SeiTvisasaTaveebidanve da Semdeg ganviTarebis procesSi man SeiTvisasaTaveebidanve da Semdeg ganviTarebis procesSi man SeiTvisasaTaveebidanve da Semdeg ganviTarebis procesSi man SeiTvisa

mravali xalxis (berZnebis, sirielebis, arabebis, bulgarelebismravali xalxis (berZnebis, sirielebis, arabebis, bulgarelebismravali xalxis (berZnebis, sirielebis, arabebis, bulgarelebismravali xalxis (berZnebis, sirielebis, arabebis, bulgarelebismravali xalxis (berZnebis, sirielebis, arabebis, bulgarelebis

da sxv . ) S e moq m edb iTi m iRwe v e b i da a mde n ad , mTelida sxv . ) S e moq m edb iTi m iRwe v e b i da a mde n ad , mTelida sxv . ) S e moq m edb iTi m iRwe v e b i da a mde n ad , mTelida sxv . ) S e moq m edb iTi m iRwe v e b i da a mde n ad , mTelida sxv . ) S e moq m edb iTi m iRwe v e b i da a mde n ad , mTeli

marTlmadidebeli msoflios monapovars warmoadgens. is moicavsmarTlmadidebeli msoflios monapovars warmoadgens. is moicavsmarTlmadidebeli msoflios monapovars warmoadgens. is moicavsmarTlmadidebeli msoflios monapovars warmoadgens. is moicavsmarTlmadidebeli msoflios monapovars warmoadgens. is moicavs

ara marto mravalsaukunovani locviTi gamocdilebis simdidres,ara marto mravalsaukunovani locviTi gamocdilebis simdidres,ara marto mravalsaukunovani locviTi gamocdilebis simdidres,ara marto mravalsaukunovani locviTi gamocdilebis simdidres,ara marto mravalsaukunovani locviTi gamocdilebis simdidres,

aramed, aseve, saeklesio galobis umaRles kulturas, misTvisaramed, aseve, saeklesio galobis umaRles kulturas, misTvisaramed, aseve, saeklesio galobis umaRles kulturas, misTvisaramed, aseve, saeklesio galobis umaRles kulturas, misTvisaramed, aseve, saeklesio galobis umaRles kulturas, misTvis

damaxasiaTebeli umwikvlo bunebriobiT, saRvTismsaxuro sityvisdamaxasiaTebeli umwikvlo bunebriobiT, saRvTismsaxuro sityvisdamaxasiaTebeli umwikvlo bunebriobiT, saRvTismsaxuro sityvisdamaxasiaTebeli umwikvlo bunebriobiT, saRvTismsaxuro sityvisdamaxasiaTebeli umwikvlo bunebriobiT, saRvTismsaxuro sityvis

naTeli warmoTqmiT da xmis Tavisufali flobiT locviTinaTeli warmoTqmiT da xmis Tavisufali flobiT locviTinaTeli warmoTqmiT da xmis Tavisufali flobiT locviTinaTeli warmoTqmiT da xmis Tavisufali flobiT locviTinaTeli warmoTqmiT da xmis Tavisufali flobiT locviTi

gancdis unatifesi niuansebis gadmocemisas”.gancdis unatifesi niuansebis gadmocemisas”.gancdis unatifesi niuansebis gadmocemisas”.gancdis unatifesi niuansebis gadmocemisas”.gancdis unatifesi niuansebis gadmocemisas”.

20

4. rva xmaTa4. rva xmaTa4. rva xmaTa4. rva xmaTa4. rva xmaTa

eklesiaSi RvTismsaxureba gawyobilia rva xmaze. “rva xmaTa” (anu

paraklitoni, igive oqtoixosi) wm. ioane damaskelma Seadgina da

daamkvidra aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi. yoveli dRis tipikonis gansazRvra

rva kviris ciklur monacvleobas emyareba, romelSic TiToeul kviras

Tavisi sakuTari xma aqvs, da romelic mkafio miTiTebebs Seicavs imis

Taobaze, Tu romeli sagalobeli romel xmaSi da romel melodiaze

unda vigaloboT. sagaloblis kanonikurobis erT-erT pirobas swored

sagaloblis xmasTan Sesabamisoba warmoadgens.

saeklesio ti pikonSi da saRvTismsaxuro

wignebSi - paraklitonSi, JamnSi, marxvanSi,

sadResaswaulosa da a.S. - miTiTebuli

sagaloblebis xmebi swored wm. ioane damaskelis

mier dadgenil musikaluri xmebia. “rva xmaTas”

es sagaloblebi aris ara romelime eris, aramed

erTiani marTlmadidebeli eklesiis, misi yvela

wevris sakuTreba da RvTismsaxurebis

aucilebel saxelmZRvanelo elements warmoadgens. amitom vuwodebT

maT saeklesio, kanonikur xmebs2.

teqstur-musikaluri TvalsazrisiT, TiToeul xmaSi sagalobelTa

sakmaod didi moculoba Sedis (xmaTa umravlesobisaTvis maTi raodenoba

mniSvnelovnad aWarbebs aTass). sagaloblebi ori sawyisis - sityvisa

da melodiis erTianobas qmnis. wminda musikaluri TvalsazrisiT, xma

warmoadgens yalibs, CarCos, Targs, romlis farglebSi da romlis

mixedviTac unda Camoyalibdes da aigos kanonikuri sagalobeli. yovel

xmas aqvs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli musikaluri elementebi: musikaluri

gama da kilo, ZiriTadi bgerebi (tonika, dominant-subdominantebi),

melodiuri da intonaciuri formulebi, melodiuri kadenciebi, dasawyisi,

Sualeduri da damasrulebeli muxlebis sawyisi da bolo bgerebis

ganlagebebi, modulaciebi - e.w. gadaxris muxlebi, aseve emociuri

xasiaTi da sxva elementebi. es elementebi bizantiur galobas, mis

xmebs aniWeben gvaris mdgradobasa da simyares, simwyobresa da wesrigs,

galobis xasiaTis erTobasa da cnobil idealTan siaxloves. “rva

xmaTas”, rogorc musikalur-samgaloblo sistemisa da saeklesio galobis

ZiriTadi kanonis, erT-erTi mTavari daniSnulebaa, daicvas saeklesio

galoba TviTnebobisagan, romelic SeiZleba gamoixatos Seuferebeli

bgeraTrigebis an sasimRero saxeobebis arCevaSi, iseTi melodiebis

2 mraval eklesiaSi, sadac dasavleTis gavleniT polifoniuri galoba damkvidrda,

veRar vxvdebiT kanonikur xmebsa da kiloebs. isini faqtobrivad dayvanilia evropul

maJorsa da minorze.

21

SeqmnaSi, romlebic eklesiaSi dadgenil galobas ar miesadageba; anu,

sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, daicvas igi nebismieri Semoqmedebisagan,

romelic galobis kanonikasTan, mis kriteriumebTan SeuTavsebelia.....

wm. ioane damaskelis sidiade imaSic Cans, rom man paraklitonSi

Setanil sagaloblebs, maTi Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, iseTi musikaluri

kiloebi da melodiebi SeurCia, romlebic mlocvelisaTvis sagaloblis

locviT Sinaars metad misawvdomsa da aRqmads xdis. wm. ioane damaskelma

saeklesio galobis xmebisTvis oTx diatonur kilosTan erTad SearCia

da daadgina aRmosavleTis eklesiis arealisaTvis (maT Soris ebraeli,

siria-palestineli, arabi da sxva xalxebisTvis) niSandoblivi da Cveuli

ori qromatuli da ori enharmoniuli kilo3. man gamoarCia da daakanonaam kiloebis Sesabamisi da eklesiisTvis misaRebi melodiebi, aseve sxva

musikaluri elementebi; gansazRvra melodiis komponirebis wesebi, anu

Seqmna kanoni, romlis mixedviTac unda Camoyalibdes sagaloblis melodia.

eklesiis sxva wmida mamebis mier srulyofili da ganmtkicebuli es

kanonika miiRes aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi aucilebel saxelmZRvanelo

elementad da sayovelTao wesad. warmoadgens ra teqstisa da kanonikuri

musikaluri xmis mixedviT dawerili melodiis erTobas, galobis ori

elementidan romelime erTis gamokleba an ugulebelyofa arRvevs

saeklesio wessa da galobis kanonikas, SeuZlebels xdis RvTismsaxurebis

aRsrulebas tipikonis sruli dacviTa da daurRvevlad.

5. mexeleni5. mexeleni5. mexeleni5. mexeleni5. mexeleni

saqarTvelo imTaviTve ufrTxildeboda deda eklesiasTan erTianobas

da misi RvTivkurTxeuli ganawesis miRebisa da saqarTveloSi

damkvidrebisaTvis zrunavda: “maSin ierusalimiT moiwia kaci,“maSin ierusalimiT moiwia kaci,“maSin ierusalimiT moiwia kaci,“maSin ierusalimiT moiwia kaci,“maSin ierusalimiT moiwia kaci,

romelmac moarTva (grigol xanZTels) sabawmidisa gangebaromelmac moarTva (grigol xanZTels) sabawmidisa gangebaromelmac moarTva (grigol xanZTels) sabawmidisa gangebaromelmac moarTva (grigol xanZTels) sabawmidisa gangebaromelmac moarTva (grigol xanZTels) sabawmidisa gangeba�

dawerili” dawerili” dawerili” dawerili” dawerili” (gr. xanZTelis cxovreba); “adreuli qarTuli“adreuli qarTuli“adreuli qarTuli“adreuli qarTuli“adreuli qarTuli

liturgikuli krebuli da uZvelesi iadgari sabawmiduriliturgikuli krebuli da uZvelesi iadgari sabawmiduriliturgikuli krebuli da uZvelesi iadgari sabawmiduriliturgikuli krebuli da uZvelesi iadgari sabawmiduriliturgikuli krebuli da uZvelesi iadgari sabawmiduri

warmomavlobisaa”warmomavlobisaa”warmomavlobisaa”warmomavlobisaa”warmomavlobisaa” (prof. elene metreveli “xmeani galoba uZveles

qarTul liturgikul ZeglebSi”); “saeklesio locva“saeklesio locva“saeklesio locva“saeklesio locva“saeklesio locva� da wesi da wesi da wesi da wesi da wesi

locvisalocvisalocvisalocvisalocvisa� daukleblad aResrulebodis (viTarca) tvibikoni daukleblad aResrulebodis (viTarca) tvibikoni daukleblad aResrulebodis (viTarca) tvibikoni daukleblad aResrulebodis (viTarca) tvibikoni daukleblad aResrulebodis (viTarca) tvibikoni

moaswavebda palestinisa minastrisamoaswavebda palestinisa minastrisamoaswavebda palestinisa minastrisamoaswavebda palestinisa minastrisamoaswavebda palestinisa minastrisa� - yoveli sruliad”. - yoveli sruliad”. - yoveli sruliad”. - yoveli sruliad”. - yoveli sruliad”. (f.

Jordania. mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZi, SiomRvimis lavrisTvis

micemuli 1123 wels, gv. 10-11).

3 imdroindelma dasavleTis eklesiam, romelic jer kidev eklesiis wiaRSi imyofeboda,

aRmosavleTis eklesiis mibaZviT aseve Seqmna “rva xmaTas” kanoni. man xmebisTvis oTxi

diatonuri kilo SearCia, xolo Semdgom am oTx xmas misive msgavsi oTxi gverdiTi

xma daumata.

22

sityva “mexelis” etimologias gvixsnis k. kekeliZe, romelic saubrobs

“mexelis” “exos”-idan (Ηχος-xma) warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. aq “Ηχος” –“xma” -aRniSnavs kanonikur, damaskeliseul musikalur xmas, xolo Tavad

mexeleoba - kanonikuri sagaloblis Targmnas, anu Targmnil teqstze

sagaloblis kanonikuri melodiis dadebas, gawyobas. wm. giorgi

mTawmidelis anderZi naTels hfens mexeleobis arssa da mexeleebis

moRvaweobas. qarTul istoriografiaSi es sakiTxi kargad aris

Seswavlili. “X saukunis mexeleebma berZnulidan gadmoiRes im “X saukunis mexeleebma berZnulidan gadmoiRes im “X saukunis mexeleebma berZnulidan gadmoiRes im “X saukunis mexeleebma berZnulidan gadmoiRes im “X saukunis mexeleebma berZnulidan gadmoiRes im

dros liturgikuli praqtikisaTvis aucilebeli TiTqmis mTelidros liturgikuli praqtikisaTvis aucilebeli TiTqmis mTelidros liturgikuli praqtikisaTvis aucilebeli TiTqmis mTelidros liturgikuli praqtikisaTvis aucilebeli TiTqmis mTelidros liturgikuli praqtikisaTvis aucilebeli TiTqmis mTeli

himnografiuli repertuari (Zlispirebi, galobani, stiqaronebi).himnografiuli repertuari (Zlispirebi, galobani, stiqaronebi).himnografiuli repertuari (Zlispirebi, galobani, stiqaronebi).himnografiuli repertuari (Zlispirebi, galobani, stiqaronebi).himnografiuli repertuari (Zlispirebi, galobani, stiqaronebi).

miqael modrekilis iadgari mexeleTa Semoqmedebis Semajamebelimiqael modrekilis iadgari mexeleTa Semoqmedebis Semajamebelimiqael modrekilis iadgari mexeleTa Semoqmedebis Semajamebelimiqael modrekilis iadgari mexeleTa Semoqmedebis Semajamebelimiqael modrekilis iadgari mexeleTa Semoqmedebis Semajamebeli

da damagvirgvinebeli etapia” da damagvirgvinebeli etapia” da damagvirgvinebeli etapia” da damagvirgvinebeli etapia” da damagvirgvinebeli etapia” (prof. e. metreveli “xmeani galoba

uZveles qarTul liturgikul ZeglebSi”).

amgvarad, saqarTvelos istoriografia adasturebs, rom me-12 saukunis

CaTvliT saqarTvelos eklesiaSi galobdnen eklesiis kanonikur, bizantiur

melodiebs, xolo originaluri qarTuli sagaloblebi am kanonikis

sruli dacviT iqmneboda. imas, rom mamebi eruli tradiciebis eklesiaSi

SeWris winaaRmdeg ibrZodnen da rom me-12 saukuneSi saeklesio galobis

gaxalxureba ar momxdara, is faqtic adasturebs, rom “ruis-urbnisis“ruis-urbnisis“ruis-urbnisis“ruis-urbnisis“ruis-urbnisis

1103 wlis saeklesio krebam monastrebis dResaswaulebis dros1103 wlis saeklesio krebam monastrebis dResaswaulebis dros1103 wlis saeklesio krebam monastrebis dResaswaulebis dros1103 wlis saeklesio krebam monastrebis dResaswaulebis dros1103 wlis saeklesio krebam monastrebis dResaswaulebis dros

yovelgvari saero zneCveulebis gamoxatulebis winaaRmdegyovelgvari saero zneCveulebis gamoxatulebis winaaRmdegyovelgvari saero zneCveulebis gamoxatulebis winaaRmdegyovelgvari saero zneCveulebis gamoxatulebis winaaRmdegyovelgvari saero zneCveulebis gamoxatulebis winaaRmdeg

gailaSqra da akrZala: “sxuagailaSqra da akrZala: “sxuagailaSqra da akrZala: “sxuagailaSqra da akrZala: “sxuagailaSqra da akrZala: “sxua�� samoqalaqo samoqalaqo samoqalaqo samoqalaqo samoqalaqo� da � da � da � da � da sofliosofliosofliosofliosoflio�� wesi”. wesi”. wesi”. wesi”. wesi”.

(ivane javaxiSvili “qarTuli musikis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi).

aTenis universitetis profesorma, grigori staTisma dagvidastura,

rom saberZneTSic msgavsi cnobebia daculi. manve ZvelberZnul da qarTul

xelnawerebSi daculi nevmebis Sedarebisas aramcTu maTi msgavseba,

zogierTi maTganis identurobac daadastura. gacilebiT adre nevmebis

msgavsebaze mosazreba cnobilma mkvlevarma Tibom gamoTqva (Abbe J. B.Thibaut): “qarTuli samgaloblo niSnebis es sistema berZnul“qarTuli samgaloblo niSnebis es sistema berZnul“qarTuli samgaloblo niSnebis es sistema berZnul“qarTuli samgaloblo niSnebis es sistema berZnul“qarTuli samgaloblo niSnebis es sistema berZnul

fonetikursa da hagiopolurs anu ierusalimisas miagavs.”fonetikursa da hagiopolurs anu ierusalimisas miagavs.”fonetikursa da hagiopolurs anu ierusalimisas miagavs.”fonetikursa da hagiopolurs anu ierusalimisas miagavs.”fonetikursa da hagiopolurs anu ierusalimisas miagavs.”

amasve adasturebs germaneli mecnier-musikosi, oskar flaiSeri, romelic

ambobs, rom qarTuli nevmebi bizantiuri warmoSobis yofila (“NeueMusik-Zeitung”, Stutt.. 1920. Das georgische Volkslied und die Kultur der Georgier). XIII-XVII saukuneebSi saeklesio galobis Sesaxeb cnobebi SedarebiT

mwiria. miuxedavad amisa, maTSi mainc Cans, rom bizantiuri galobis

kvali saqarTveloSi XVII- XVIII saukuneebSic gvxvdeba4.

4 ufro detalurad es sakiTxebi gadmocemulia bizantiuri galobis Semswavleli

jgufis mier gamocemul naSromSi “ase galobdnen Zvelad saqarTveloSi”, Tbilisi,

2001 w. am gamocemis Semdeg sxva mniSvnelovani faqtobrivi masala iqna mopovebuli

da damuSavebuli. isini dasaxelebul naSromSi gadmocemul masalas azusteben da

mniSvnelovnad avseben, aseve oponentTa mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis usafuZvlobasa

da aramecnierulobas adastureben.

23

6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi

dasavleT evropisa da ruseTis istoriografiam da mecnierebma,

XIII-XVI ss periodis Sesaxeb masalebma, gansaxilvel sakiTxebTan

dakavSirebiT metad zusti da sarwmuno cnobebi da naSromebi Semogvinaxes.

am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa, Tvali gavadevnoT zeciuri galobis

miwier musikad gadaqcevis istorias, rac arsobrivad da qronologiurad

dasavleTis eklesiis gandgomas, dacemasa da miwieri, kacobrivi

gangebulebis organizaciad gardaqmnas ukavSirdeba.

dasavleTi jer kidev antikur msoflioSi aRmosavleTis erTgvar

sulier provinciad warmoCnda. politikaSi romi mbrZaneblobda, magram

sulieri impulsebis – religiuris, filosofiuris da esTeturis

wyaro saberZneTi iyo. qristianobis xanaSic dasavleTis eklesiis

gandgomamde aseTive mdgomareoba iyo. msgavsad imisa, rom ZiriTad

dogmatur sakiTxebze kamaTi aRmosavleTSi mimdinareobda da es sakiTxebi

swored iq wydeboda, saRvTismsaxuro galobis fundamenturi debulebebic

aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi Camoyalibda da dadginda. es fuZemdebluri

debulebebi Semdgom gaiziara da gadaitana dasavleTis eklesiam. sanam

aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebi erT mTlianobas Seadgendnen,

saeklesio galobis ganviTarebis etapebi da Sedegebic msgavsi iyo:

orive eklesiaSi damkvidrda “oqtoixosi” (“rva xmaTa”) da nevmuri

notacia. kilo-melodiaTa ramdenadme gansxvavebulobis miuxedavad,

sagalobelTa sistemebi orivegan oqtoixosis erTnair musikalur-

Teoriul kanons daeqvemdebarnen. aseve, samgaloblo praqtikis erTianobis

mizniT, es sistemebi orivegan erTnairad dafiqsirda: aRmosavleTisa –

wm. ioane damaskelis oqtoixosSi da dasavleTisa - pap grigori

didis antifonariumSi. “”oqtoixosisa” da misi krebulebis“”oqtoixosisa” da misi krebulebis“”oqtoixosisa” da misi krebulebis“”oqtoixosisa” da misi krebulebis“”oqtoixosisa” da misi krebulebis

Seqmnisaken orive eklesia mihyavda erTsa da imave Zalasa daSeqmnisaken orive eklesia mihyavda erTsa da imave Zalasa daSeqmnisaken orive eklesia mihyavda erTsa da imave Zalasa daSeqmnisaken orive eklesia mihyavda erTsa da imave Zalasa daSeqmnisaken orive eklesia mihyavda erTsa da imave Zalasa da

motivebs, aqedan warmodga msgavsi Sedegebi”motivebs, aqedan warmodga msgavsi Sedegebi”motivebs, aqedan warmodga msgavsi Sedegebi”motivebs, aqedan warmodga msgavsi Sedegebi”motivebs, aqedan warmodga msgavsi Sedegebi” (À. Íèêîëüñêèé,Êðàòêèé î÷åðê èñòîðèè öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ â ïåðèîä I-X âåêîâ). am erTianobis miuxedavad mainc arsebobda principuli gansxvaveba,

romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi gaRrmavda. kerZod, aRmosavleTis eklesiam

mTlianad uaryo warmarTuli musika im TvalsazrisiT, rom ukuagdo

yovelive warmarTuli, yovelive is, rac ar gardaisaxa axalaRTqmiseuli

cnobierebis prizmaSi. “vinc gadasaxlda sionis mTaze, man uari“vinc gadasaxlda sionis mTaze, man uari“vinc gadasaxlda sionis mTaze, man uari“vinc gadasaxlda sionis mTaze, man uari“vinc gadasaxlda sionis mTaze, man uari

unda Tqvas helikonsa da kiTeronze”,unda Tqvas helikonsa da kiTeronze”,unda Tqvas helikonsa da kiTeronze”,unda Tqvas helikonsa da kiTeronze”,unda Tqvas helikonsa da kiTeronze”, – wers klimenti

aleqsandrieli. aRmosavleli wmida mamebi weren axal galobaze, rogorc

saidumlo gzaze, romelsac adamiani RvTis Semecnebisaken mihyavs.

amis sapirispirod, Tumca dasavleli avtorebis umravlesoba musikis

warmarTul bunebas kargad acnobierebda da mis warmomavlobas muzebsa

da apolons ukavSirebda, dasavleTi saboloo uars mainc ar ambobda

24

antikur xelovnebaze. sazogadod, amgvarma midgomam – aragardasaxuli

warmarTuli sistemis cnebam da cnobierebam – Sva dasavluri Semecnebisa

da msoflmxedvelobis specifiuri dualizmi, romelic saboloo jamSi

“orgvarovani WeSmaritebis” doqtrinad Camoyalibda. am doqtrinis

mixedviT, RvTivgamocxadebiTi WeSmariteba da empiriuli, an filosofiuri

“WeSmariteba” SeiZleba ise Tanaarsebobdnen, rom erTmaneTs

ewinaaRmdegebodnen, magram ar gamoricxavdnen erTmaneTs, erTi ar spobdes

meores.

momavalSi xsenebuli dualizmis erT-erT xatovan dadasturebad,

sxva faqtebTan erTad, iqca dasavleTis eklesiaSi orRanis Setana.

mwvaleblobaSi Cavardnis kvalad dasavleTis eklesia TiTqmis

erTdroulad ambobs uars saeklesio samgaloblo tradiciis or ZiriTad

principze: mis mkacrad vokalur xasiaTsa da calsaxad melodiur

Sinaarsze. samagierod mas xmarebaSi Semoaqvs, erTi mxriv, orRani, rogorc

gunduri galobis Tanmxlebi instrumenti, xolo meore mxriv, aviTarebs

kontrapunqtis xelovnebas da samgaloblo praqtikaSi mravalxmianoba

Semoaqvs. ipova ra noyieri niadagi grigorianuli “Cantus firmus”-ismelodiebis saxiT, am mcdelobam evropuli musikis renesanss misca

dasabami, ramac SemdgomSi miwieri sidiadisa da mSvinvieri silamazis

gansacvifrebel simaRleebs miaRwia.

7. ruseTis eklesiaSi7. ruseTis eklesiaSi7. ruseTis eklesiaSi7. ruseTis eklesiaSi7. ruseTis eklesiaSi

dasavleTis eklesia miRweuls ar dasjerda da marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis wiaRSi Tavisi samgaloblo praqtikis danergvas yovelnairad

cdilobda. me-17 saukuneSi man SeZlo gavlenis moxdena poloneTis

kaTolikur mosaxleobasTan momijnave ukrainis samgaloblo skolebze,

romlebSic dasavluri yaidis galoba “kievski napevis” saxiT gavrcelda.

gavlenis gafarToebis mizniT, galobis es forma moskovis mimarTulebiT

ruseTis eklesiebisaken daiZra.

saRvTismetyvelo, eklesiur, bizantologiur da musikis sakiTxebSi

uaRresad kompetenturi specialisti, ivane gardneri5, Tavis fundamentur

naSromSi “ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba,

- arsi, sistema da istoria” (jordanvili, niu-iorki, 1978 w), ruseTis

eklesiis galobis istorias or periodad yofs:

“1. erTxmiani (unisonuri) saRvTismsaxuro galobis batonobis epoqa,

galobisa, romelsac ar ganucdia dasavluri saero gavlena. es epoqa

5 ivane gardneri, daibada 1898 w., daamTavra belgradis universitetis saRvTismetyvelo

fakulteti, Semdgom germaniaSi miunxenis universitetis filosofiis fakulteti

(slavistika, bizantologia, musikaTmcodneoba), miunxenis universitetis filosofiis

mecnierebaTa doqtori

25

grZeldeboda ruseTSi organizebuli qristianuli eklesiis daarsebidan

me-17 saukunis Sua wlebamde.

2. dasavluri, ZiriTadad saero yaidis mravalxmiani galobis batonobis

epoqa. am epoqisaTvis, romelic iwyeba me-17 saukunis dasawyisidan da

dRemde grZeldeba, damaxasiaTebelia saRvTismsaxuro-sakraluri

xelovnebis TandaTanobiTi Secvla saero musikiT, sxva sityvebiT –

saeklesio galobis TandaTanobiTi sekularizacia liturgikuli

samgaloblo formebis saero musikaluri formebiT TiTqmis srul

Secvlamde”6.

dekanozi boris nikolaevi wers7: “VIII saukuneSi eklesiaSi“VIII saukuneSi eklesiaSi“VIII saukuneSi eklesiaSi“VIII saukuneSi eklesiaSi“VIII saukuneSi eklesiaSi

sabolood damkvidrda saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba mis ganuyofelsabolood damkvidrda saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba mis ganuyofelsabolood damkvidrda saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba mis ganuyofelsabolood damkvidrda saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba mis ganuyofelsabolood damkvidrda saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba mis ganuyofel

nawilTan –nawilTan –nawilTan –nawilTan –nawilTan – rvaxmaTasTan erTad rvaxmaTasTan erTad rvaxmaTasTan erTad rvaxmaTasTan erTad rvaxmaTasTan erTad (igulisxmeba sabawmidis tipikoni

da damaskelis “rva xmaTa” - a.u.). ruseTis marTlmadidebelmaruseTis marTlmadidebelmaruseTis marTlmadidebelmaruseTis marTlmadidebelmaruseTis marTlmadidebelma

eklesiam rvaxmaTa, rogorc saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro galobiseklesiam rvaxmaTa, rogorc saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro galobiseklesiam rvaxmaTa, rogorc saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro galobiseklesiam rvaxmaTa, rogorc saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro galobiseklesiam rvaxmaTa, rogorc saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro galobis

ZiriTadi kanoni, yovelgvari gansjis gareSe miiRo, da araviTariZiriTadi kanoni, yovelgvari gansjis gareSe miiRo, da araviTariZiriTadi kanoni, yovelgvari gansjis gareSe miiRo, da araviTariZiriTadi kanoni, yovelgvari gansjis gareSe miiRo, da araviTariZiriTadi kanoni, yovelgvari gansjis gareSe miiRo, da araviTari

kamaTi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar yofila, iseve, rogorc iskamaTi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar yofila, iseve, rogorc iskamaTi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar yofila, iseve, rogorc iskamaTi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar yofila, iseve, rogorc iskamaTi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar yofila, iseve, rogorc is

ar yofila aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi. TumcaRa am sakiTxisadmiar yofila aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi. TumcaRa am sakiTxisadmiar yofila aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi. TumcaRa am sakiTxisadmiar yofila aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi. TumcaRa am sakiTxisadmiar yofila aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi. TumcaRa am sakiTxisadmi

mkvlevarTa arasworma midgomam sababi misca sxvadasxva jurismkvlevarTa arasworma midgomam sababi misca sxvadasxva jurismkvlevarTa arasworma midgomam sababi misca sxvadasxva jurismkvlevarTa arasworma midgomam sababi misca sxvadasxva jurismkvlevarTa arasworma midgomam sababi misca sxvadasxva juris

TviTneba pirovnebebsa da saeklesio galobis yalbi “kulturis”TviTneba pirovnebebsa da saeklesio galobis yalbi “kulturis”TviTneba pirovnebebsa da saeklesio galobis yalbi “kulturis”TviTneba pirovnebebsa da saeklesio galobis yalbi “kulturis”TviTneba pirovnebebsa da saeklesio galobis yalbi “kulturis”

moSurneebs, ara marto ugulebeleyoT calkeul sagaloblebSimoSurneebs, ara marto ugulebeleyoT calkeul sagaloblebSimoSurneebs, ara marto ugulebeleyoT calkeul sagaloblebSimoSurneebs, ara marto ugulebeleyoT calkeul sagaloblebSimoSurneebs, ara marto ugulebeleyoT calkeul sagaloblebSi

“xmeani”“xmeani”“xmeani”“xmeani”“xmeani” (igulisxmeba rvaxmaTas xmebi – a.u.) melodiebi, aramedmelodiebi, aramedmelodiebi, aramedmelodiebi, aramedmelodiebi, aramed

uareyoT TviT rvaxmaTas aucilebloba”uareyoT TviT rvaxmaTas aucilebloba”uareyoT TviT rvaxmaTas aucilebloba”uareyoT TviT rvaxmaTas aucilebloba”uareyoT TviT rvaxmaTas aucilebloba” (Ïðîòîèåðåé ÁîðèñÍèêîëàåâ “Çíàìåííûé ðàñïåâ . . . “, 1995 ã., ñ. 70-71). xolo d. razumovski me-19 saukuneSi werda: “. . . oqtoiqosis“. . . oqtoiqosis“. . . oqtoiqosis“. . . oqtoiqosis“. . . oqtoiqosis

(rvaxmaTas – a.u.) musikalur agebulebas mivyavarT azramde, rom musikalur agebulebas mivyavarT azramde, rom musikalur agebulebas mivyavarT azramde, rom musikalur agebulebas mivyavarT azramde, rom musikalur agebulebas mivyavarT azramde, rom

aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba uciloblad aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba uciloblad aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba uciloblad aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba uciloblad aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galoba uciloblad undaundaundaundaunda

6 ”1.Ýïîõà ãîñïîäñòâà îäíîãîëîñíîãî (óíèñîííàãî) áîãîñëóæåáíîãî ïåíèÿ, íåèñïûòàâøåãî íà ñåáÿ çàïàäíûõú ñâåòñêèõú âëèÿíèé. Ýòà ýïîõà ïðîäîëæàëàñü îòíà÷àëà îðãàíèçîâàííîé õðèñòèàíñêîé öåðêâè íà Ðóñè äî ñåðåäèíû 17-ãî âåêà;2.Ãîñïîäñòâî ìíîãîãîëîñíîãî ïåíèÿ ïî çàïàäíîìó, ÷àñòî ñâåòñêîìó îáðàçöó. Äëÿýòîé ýïîõè, íà÷èíàþùåéñÿ ñåðåäèíîé 17-ãî âåêà è ïðîäîëæàþùåéñÿ ïî ñåé äåíü,õàðàêòåðåíú ïîñòåïåííûé ñäâèã áîãîñëóæåáíî-ñàêðàëüíîãî èñêóññòâà â ñòîðîíóñâåòñêîé ìóçûêè, äðóãèìè ñëîâàìè – ïîñòåïåííàÿ ñåêóëÿðèçàöèÿ öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ,âïëîòü äî ïî÷òè ïîëíîé çàìåíû ëèòóðãè÷åñêèõ ïåâ÷åñêèõ ôîðì ñâåòñêèìèìóçûêàëüíûìè ôîðìàìè”.7 “Â VIII âåêå îêîí÷àòåëüíî óòâåðäèëñÿ â öåðêîâíîì óïîòðåáëåíèè áîãîñëóæåáíûéóñòàâ ñ åãî íåîòúåìëåìîé ÷àñòüþ – îñìîãëàñèåì Ðóññêàÿ Ïðàâîñëàâíàÿ Öåðêîâüïðèíÿëà îñìîãëàñèå êàê îñíîâíîé çàêîí öåðêîâíî-áîãîñëóæåáíîãî ïåíèÿ áåç âñÿêèõðàññóæäåíèé, è íèêàêèõ ñïîðîâ ïî ýòîìó ïîâîäó íå áûëî, êàê è íå áûëî èõ è âöåðêâàõ Âîñòîêà. Îäíàêî íåâåðíûé ïîäõîä ê ýòîìó âîïðîñó èññëåäîâàòåëåé äàëèïîâîä ðàçíîãî ðîäà ñàìî÷èííèêàì è ðåâíèòåëÿì ìíèìîé «êóëüòóðû» öåðêîâíîãîïåíèÿ íå òîëüêî èãíîðèðîâàòü íåâîçìîæíîñòü ãëàñîâîé ìåëîäèè â îòíîøåíèèîòäåëüíûõ ïåñíîïåíèé, íî è îòðèöàòü ñàìó îáÿçàòåëíîñòü îñìîãëàñèÿ âîîáùå.”

26

imarTebodes rvaxmaTas mixedviT da ekrZalebodes yovelnairimarTebodes rvaxmaTas mixedviT da ekrZalebodes yovelnairimarTebodes rvaxmaTas mixedviT da ekrZalebodes yovelnairimarTebodes rvaxmaTas mixedviT da ekrZalebodes yovelnairimarTebodes rvaxmaTas mixedviT da ekrZalebodes yovelnair

Tavisufal melodiebs. aseTia axlandeli konstantinepolisTavisufal melodiebs. aseTia axlandeli konstantinepolisTavisufal melodiebs. aseTia axlandeli konstantinepolisTavisufal melodiebs. aseTia axlandeli konstantinepolisTavisufal melodiebs. aseTia axlandeli konstantinepolis

eklesiis azri da saberZneTis eklesiis praqtika, romelsaceklesiis azri da saberZneTis eklesiis praqtika, romelsaceklesiis azri da saberZneTis eklesiis praqtika, romelsaceklesiis azri da saberZneTis eklesiis praqtika, romelsaceklesiis azri da saberZneTis eklesiis praqtika, romelsac

Tavis sanoto wignebSi ar gaaCnia arc erTi melodia, daweriliTavis sanoto wignebSi ar gaaCnia arc erTi melodia, daweriliTavis sanoto wignebSi ar gaaCnia arc erTi melodia, daweriliTavis sanoto wignebSi ar gaaCnia arc erTi melodia, daweriliTavis sanoto wignebSi ar gaaCnia arc erTi melodia, dawerili

seklesiseklesiseklesiseklesiseklesio xmis garo xmis garo xmis garo xmis garo xmis gareSe”eSe”eSe”eSe”eSe”8 (Ðàçóìîâñêèé Ä. Â. «Áîãîñëóæåáíîå ïåíèåÏðàâîñëàâíîé Ãðåêî-Ðîññèñêîé Öåðêâè», Ì. 1886, gv.50). Tu rogori «proizvoli» ganxorcielda ruseTSi kanonikuri galobis

SecvliT, xolo mogvianebiT rogor SeiWra ruseTis eklesiaSi

mravalxmiani galoba, es sakiTxebi zedmiwevniTaa Seswavlili da

dokumenturadaa gadmocemuli ruseTSi, da ara marto ruseTSi. gamokvleva

“Èñòîðèÿ ðóññêîãî öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ” (http://www.mediaterra.ru) gvauwyebs:“XVII saukunidan iwyeba rusuli istoriis axali periodi.“XVII saukunidan iwyeba rusuli istoriis axali periodi.“XVII saukunidan iwyeba rusuli istoriis axali periodi.“XVII saukunidan iwyeba rusuli istoriis axali periodi.“XVII saukunidan iwyeba rusuli istoriis axali periodi.

tradiciuli bizantiuri orientacia icvleba dasavleTiskentradiciuli bizantiuri orientacia icvleba dasavleTiskentradiciuli bizantiuri orientacia icvleba dasavleTiskentradiciuli bizantiuri orientacia icvleba dasavleTiskentradiciuli bizantiuri orientacia icvleba dasavleTisken

piris mibrunebiT. es xleCs rusul sazogadoebas or banakad:piris mibrunebiT. es xleCs rusul sazogadoebas or banakad:piris mibrunebiT. es xleCs rusul sazogadoebas or banakad:piris mibrunebiT. es xleCs rusul sazogadoebas or banakad:piris mibrunebiT. es xleCs rusul sazogadoebas or banakad:

“Zvelis moSurneebad” da “dasavleTelebad” . . . rusi“Zvelis moSurneebad” da “dasavleTelebad” . . . rusi“Zvelis moSurneebad” da “dasavleTelebad” . . . rusi“Zvelis moSurneebad” da “dasavleTelebad” . . . rusi“Zvelis moSurneebad” da “dasavleTelebad” . . . rusi

adamianebisaTvis evropuli yaidis cxovrebisa da azrovnebisadamianebisaTvis evropuli yaidis cxovrebisa da azrovnebisadamianebisaTvis evropuli yaidis cxovrebisa da azrovnebisadamianebisaTvis evropuli yaidis cxovrebisa da azrovnebisadamianebisaTvis evropuli yaidis cxovrebisa da azrovnebis

saukeTeso magaliTia cxovrebis yaida poloneTis samefo karisa,saukeTeso magaliTia cxovrebis yaida poloneTis samefo karisa,saukeTeso magaliTia cxovrebis yaida poloneTis samefo karisa,saukeTeso magaliTia cxovrebis yaida poloneTis samefo karisa,saukeTeso magaliTia cxovrebis yaida poloneTis samefo karisa,

romelic mravals iTvisebda iqidan, rac moitana dasavleTidanromelic mravals iTvisebda iqidan, rac moitana dasavleTidanromelic mravals iTvisebda iqidan, rac moitana dasavleTidanromelic mravals iTvisebda iqidan, rac moitana dasavleTidanromelic mravals iTvisebda iqidan, rac moitana dasavleTidan

italiurma aRorZinebam, reformaciam, ganmanaTleblobam . . .italiurma aRorZinebam, reformaciam, ganmanaTleblobam . . .italiurma aRorZinebam, reformaciam, ganmanaTleblobam . . .italiurma aRorZinebam, reformaciam, ganmanaTleblobam . . .italiurma aRorZinebam, reformaciam, ganmanaTleblobam . . .

swored am axal mimdinareobas ukavSirdeba rusul saeklesioswored am axal mimdinareobas ukavSirdeba rusul saeklesioswored am axal mimdinareobas ukavSirdeba rusul saeklesioswored am axal mimdinareobas ukavSirdeba rusul saeklesioswored am axal mimdinareobas ukavSirdeba rusul saeklesio

galobaSi dasavluri mravalxmianobis SeRweva . esaa e.w.galobaSi dasavluri mravalxmianobis SeRweva . esaa e.w.galobaSi dasavluri mravalxmianobis SeRweva . esaa e.w.galobaSi dasavluri mravalxmianobis SeRweva . esaa e.w.galobaSi dasavluri mravalxmianobis SeRweva . esaa e.w.

“partesuli galoba”, romelic XVII saukunis dasasruls“partesuli galoba”, romelic XVII saukunis dasasruls“partesuli galoba”, romelic XVII saukunis dasasruls“partesuli galoba”, romelic XVII saukunis dasasruls“partesuli galoba”, romelic XVII saukunis dasasruls

zvaviviT daeca ruseTszvaviviT daeca ruseTszvaviviT daeca ruseTszvaviviT daeca ruseTszvaviviT daeca ruseTs9.”.”.”.”.”

8 «. . . ñàìîå ìóçûêàëüíîå óñòðîéñòâî Îêòîèõà ïðèâîäèò ê ìèñëè, ÷òî áîãîñëóæåáíîåïåíèå Âîñòî÷íîé Öåðêâè íåèçìåííî äîëæíî óïðàâëÿòñÿ îñìîãëàñèåì è ÷óæäàòüñÿâñÿêîé ïðîèçâîëüíîé ìåëîäèè. Òàêîâî ìíåíèå íûíåøíåé ÊîíñòàíòèíîïîëñêîéÖåðêâè è ïðàêòèêà Ãðå÷åñêîé Öåðêâè, êîòîðàÿ â ñâîèõ íîòíûõ êíèãàõ íå èìååò íèîäíîé ìåëîäèè, íàïèñàííîé âíå öåðêîâíîãî ãëàñà.»9 “Ñ XVII ñòîëåòèÿ íà÷èíàåòñÿ íîâûé ïåðèîä ðóññêîé èñòîðèè. Òðàäèöèîííàÿâèçàíòèñêàÿ îðèåíòàöèÿ ñìåíÿåòñÿ îáðàùåíèåì ê çàïàäó. Ýòî ðàñêàëûâàåò ðóññêîåîáùåñòâî íà äâà ëàãåðÿ: “ðåâíèòåëåé ñòàðèíû” è “çàïàäíèêîâ”. . . Áëèæàéøèìïðèìåðîì åâðîïåéñêîãî îáðàçà æèçíè è ìûøëåíèÿ ÿâëÿëñÿ äëÿ ðóññêèõ ëþäåéóêëàä æèçíè ïîëüñêîãî êîðîëåâñêîãî äâîðà, êîòîðûé óñâàèâàë ìíîãîå èç òîãî, ÷òîáûëî ïðèâíåñåíî ñ çàïàäà èòàëÿíñêèì Âîçðîæäåíèåì, Ðåôîðìàöèåé,Ïðîñâåùåíèåì. . . Èìåííî ñ ýòèì íîâûì òå÷åíèÿìè ñâÿçàíî ïðîíèêíîâåíèåçàïàäíîãî ìíîãîãîëîñèÿ â ðóññêîå öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå. Ýòî òàê íàçûâàåìîå “ïàðòåñíîåïåíèå”, êîòîðîå, êàê ëàâèíà îáðóøèëàñü íà ðóñü â êîíöå XVII â.”

moskovis sinodaluri saswavleblis galobis maswavlebels, antonin

preobraJenskis, Tavis statiaSi (Ïðåîáðàæåíñêèé À. È.: Èçú ïåðâûõúëåòú ïàðòåñíàãî ïåíèÿ â Ìîñêâå. «ÌÑ», 1915, ¹3, ñòð. 33-41)moyvanili aqvs patriarqebis - paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari

antioqielis sigeli, romelic maT 1668 wels daweres moskovSi, sadac

ruseTis mefis miwveviT iyvnen Casulebi. sigelis dawera moskovis wm.

27

ioane RvTismetyvelis eklesiis mrevlis Txovnam ganapiroba. rusul

istoriografiaSi (ix. i. gardneris zemoT dasaxelebuli wigni – gv.

135-136) daculia cnoba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor mimarTa moskovis

xsenebuli eklesiis mrevlma stumrad myof patriarqebs, neba daerToT,

TavianT eklesiaSi SeetanaT dasavluri yaidis mravalxmiani galoba da,

aseve, «kievelebis» mier moskovSi gavrcelebuli sxva gansxvavebanic -

yovelive is, rac manamde ucxo iyo moskovisaTvis. amis Taobaze i.Ygardneri

wers10: “amasTan, mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT, rom mravalxmiani (anu,“amasTan, mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT, rom mravalxmiani (anu,“amasTan, mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT, rom mravalxmiani (anu,“amasTan, mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT, rom mravalxmiani (anu,“amasTan, mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT, rom mravalxmiani (anu,

rogorc mas zogierTi uwodebs, “harmoniuli”) gunduri saeklesiorogorc mas zogierTi uwodebs, “harmoniuli”) gunduri saeklesiorogorc mas zogierTi uwodebs, “harmoniuli”) gunduri saeklesiorogorc mas zogierTi uwodebs, “harmoniuli”) gunduri saeklesiorogorc mas zogierTi uwodebs, “harmoniuli”) gunduri saeklesio

galoba, romelmac ruseTis eklesiaSi SeiZina TiTqmis erTaderTis,galoba, romelmac ruseTis eklesiaSi SeiZina TiTqmis erTaderTis,galoba, romelmac ruseTis eklesiaSi SeiZina TiTqmis erTaderTis,galoba, romelmac ruseTis eklesiaSi SeiZina TiTqmis erTaderTis,galoba, romelmac ruseTis eklesiaSi SeiZina TiTqmis erTaderTis,

gamefebulis mniSvneloba, ar aris nebadarTuli saeklesiogamefebulis mniSvneloba, ar aris nebadarTuli saeklesiogamefebulis mniSvneloba, ar aris nebadarTuli saeklesiogamefebulis mniSvneloba, ar aris nebadarTuli saeklesiogamefebulis mniSvneloba, ar aris nebadarTuli saeklesio

kanonebiT, saeklesio gadmocemiT, a r a m e d m x o l o dkanonebiT, saeklesio gadmocemiT, a r a m e d m x o l o dkanonebiT, saeklesio gadmocemiT, a r a m e d m x o l o dkanonebiT, saeklesio gadmocemiT, a r a m e d m x o l o dkanonebiT, saeklesio gadmocemiT, a r a m e d m x o l o d

d a S v e b u l i a d a S v e b u l i a d a S v e b u l i a d a S v e b u l i a d a S v e b u l i a (gamoyofa teqstSi yvelgan avtoriseulia –a.u.)

saekelsio gamoyenebisaTvis. es daSveba emyareba patriarqebissaekelsio gamoyenebisaTvis. es daSveba emyareba patriarqebissaekelsio gamoyenebisaTvis. es daSveba emyareba patriarqebissaekelsio gamoyenebisaTvis. es daSveba emyareba patriarqebissaekelsio gamoyenebisaTvis. es daSveba emyareba patriarqebis

- paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari antioqielis sigels, romelic- paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari antioqielis sigels, romelic- paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari antioqielis sigels, romelic- paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari antioqielis sigels, romelic- paisi aleqsandrielisa da makari antioqielis sigels, romelic

maT gasces 1668 wels moskovSi. RvTismsaxurebisas mravalxmiani,maT gasces 1668 wels moskovSi. RvTismsaxurebisas mravalxmiani,maT gasces 1668 wels moskovSi. RvTismsaxurebisas mravalxmiani,maT gasces 1668 wels moskovSi. RvTismsaxurebisas mravalxmiani,maT gasces 1668 wels moskovSi. RvTismsaxurebisas mravalxmiani,

partesuli galobis Sesaxeb sigelSi naTqvamia Semdegi:partesuli galobis Sesaxeb sigelSi naTqvamia Semdegi:partesuli galobis Sesaxeb sigelSi naTqvamia Semdegi:partesuli galobis Sesaxeb sigelSi naTqvamia Semdegi:partesuli galobis Sesaxeb sigelSi naTqvamia Semdegi:

“vasrulebT ra am werilSi moxseniebul maT yvela Txovnas“vasrulebT ra am werilSi moxseniebul maT yvela Txovnas“vasrulebT ra am werilSi moxseniebul maT yvela Txovnas“vasrulebT ra am werilSi moxseniebul maT yvela Txovnas“vasrulebT ra am werilSi moxseniebul maT yvela Txovnas

avaciloT romelime pirisa Tu Cinosnis mier Seqmnili nebismieriavaciloT romelime pirisa Tu Cinosnis mier Seqmnili nebismieriavaciloT romelime pirisa Tu Cinosnis mier Seqmnili nebismieriavaciloT romelime pirisa Tu Cinosnis mier Seqmnili nebismieriavaciloT romelime pirisa Tu Cinosnis mier Seqmnili nebismieri

dabrkoleba, galobas, partesulad wodebuls, Tumca aradabrkoleba, galobas, partesulad wodebuls, Tumca aradabrkoleba, galobas, partesulad wodebuls, Tumca aradabrkoleba, galobas, partesulad wodebuls, Tumca aradabrkoleba, galobas, partesulad wodebuls, Tumca ara

aRmosavleTis eklesiidan momdinares, dasaSvebs vxdiT, rameTuaRmosavleTis eklesiidan momdinares, dasaSvebs vxdiT, rameTuaRmosavleTis eklesiidan momdinares, dasaSvebs vxdiT, rameTuaRmosavleTis eklesiidan momdinares, dasaSvebs vxdiT, rameTuaRmosavleTis eklesiidan momdinares, dasaSvebs vxdiT, rameTu

qveynebs, romlebmac igi miiRes (igulisxmeba kievi da poloneTTanqveynebs, romlebmac igi miiRes (igulisxmeba kievi da poloneTTanqveynebs, romlebmac igi miiRes (igulisxmeba kievi da poloneTTanqveynebs, romlebmac igi miiRes (igulisxmeba kievi da poloneTTanqveynebs, romlebmac igi miiRes (igulisxmeba kievi da poloneTTan

momijnave sxva olqebi – a.u.) aravin Zraxavs”.momijnave sxva olqebi – a.u.) aravin Zraxavs”.momijnave sxva olqebi – a.u.) aravin Zraxavs”.momijnave sxva olqebi – a.u.) aravin Zraxavs”.momijnave sxva olqebi – a.u.) aravin Zraxavs”.

am teqstidan Cans, rom rusul eklesiaSi, moskovis samefoSi,am teqstidan Cans, rom rusul eklesiaSi, moskovis samefoSi,am teqstidan Cans, rom rusul eklesiaSi, moskovis samefoSi,am teqstidan Cans, rom rusul eklesiaSi, moskovis samefoSi,am teqstidan Cans, rom rusul eklesiaSi, moskovis samefoSi,

dasavluridasavluridasavluridasavluridasavluri yaidis gunduri galoba aris ara n e b a d a r -aidis gunduri galoba aris ara n e b a d a r -aidis gunduri galoba aris ara n e b a d a r -aidis gunduri galoba aris ara n e b a d a r -aidis gunduri galoba aris ara n e b a d a r -

T u l i, aramed mxolod daSvebuli saRvTismsaxuroT u l i, aramed mxolod daSvebuli saRvTismsaxuroT u l i, aramed mxolod daSvebuli saRvTismsaxuroT u l i, aramed mxolod daSvebuli saRvTismsaxuroT u l i, aramed mxolod daSvebuli saRvTismsaxuro

gamoyenebisaTvis . . . yuradRebas iqcevs is, rom partesuligamoyenebisaTvis . . . yuradRebas iqcevs is, rom partesuligamoyenebisaTvis . . . yuradRebas iqcevs is, rom partesuligamoyenebisaTvis . . . yuradRebas iqcevs is, rom partesuligamoyenebisaTvis . . . yuradRebas iqcevs is, rom partesuli

galoba, romelic “ar aris mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSigaloba, romelic “ar aris mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSigaloba, romelic “ar aris mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSigaloba, romelic “ar aris mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSigaloba, romelic “ar aris mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi

10 “Ïðè ýòîì âàæíî çàìåòèòü, ÷òî ìíîãîãîëîñèå (ò.å. êàêú åãî íåêîòîðûå íàçûâàþò«ãàðìîíè÷åñêîå») õîðîâîå öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå, ïîëó÷èâøåå âú ðóññêîé öåðêâè åäâà-ëè íå åäèíñòâåííîå, ãîñïîäñòâóþùåå çíà÷åíèå, íå ïðåäïèñàíî öåðêîâíûìèïðàâèëàìè, öåðêîâíûì ïðåäàíèåìú, à ò î ë ü ê î ä î ï ó ù å í î äëÿáîãîñëóæåáíîãî óïîòðåáëåíèÿ. Äîïóùåíèå ýòî îñíîâûâàåòñÿ íà ãðàìîòåïîòðèàðõîâú Ïàèñèÿ Àëåêñàíäðèéñêàãî è Ìàêàðèÿ Àíòèîõèéñêàãî, äàííîé èìèâú 1668-ìú ãîäó âú Ìîñêâå. Î ìíîãîãîëîñíîìú, ïàðòåñíîìú õîðîâîì ïåíèè âîâðåìÿ áîãîñëóæåíèÿ ãîâîðèòñÿ â ýòîé ãðàìîòå ñëåäóþùåå: «Ñâîáîäíî óáî òâîðèìúâñÿ ïðîùåíèÿ èõ1 â ãðàìîòå ñåé ïîìÿíåííàÿ âú ñîáèòèå ïðèâîäèòè âñÿêàãîïðåïÿòèÿ êðîìå îòú êîåãî ëèáî ëèöà è ñàíà íèæå âñÿ óäåðæàõîìú è ïåíèÿèìåíóåìàãî ïàðòåñíàãî, àùå è íå ó îòú ñåÿ öåðêâå âîñòî÷íûÿ ïðèÿòîå, èáî èñòðàíàìú ïðèåìøèìú å âú óïîòðåáëåíèå íèêèìæå îõóæäàåìè». Èç ýòîãî òåêñòà âèäíî, ÷òî õîðîâîå ïåíèå ïî çàïàäíîìó îáðàçöó í å ï ð å ä ïè ñ à í î, à òîëüêî äîïóùåíî äëÿ áîãîñëóæåáíàãî óïîòðåáëåíèÿ âú ðóññêîéöåðêâè, âú Ìîñêîâñêîì öàðñòâå. . . Îáðàùàåò íà ñåáÿ âíèìàíèå, ÷òî ïàðòåñíîåïåíèå «íå ó îòú ñåÿ öåðêâå âîñòî÷íûÿ ïðèÿòîå» äàåòú ïî÷óâñòâîâàòü íåêèé îòòåíîêú

28

miRebuli”, aradamajereblobis SegrZnebas badebs: es gundurimiRebuli”, aradamajereblobis SegrZnebas badebs: es gundurimiRebuli”, aradamajereblobis SegrZnebas badebs: es gundurimiRebuli”, aradamajereblobis SegrZnebas badebs: es gundurimiRebuli”, aradamajereblobis SegrZnebas badebs: es gunduri

mravalxmiani galoba ar ganekuTvneba marTlmadidebeli eklesiismravalxmiani galoba ar ganekuTvneba marTlmadidebeli eklesiismravalxmiani galoba ar ganekuTvneba marTlmadidebeli eklesiismravalxmiani galoba ar ganekuTvneba marTlmadidebeli eklesiismravalxmiani galoba ar ganekuTvneba marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

gadmocemasgadmocemasgadmocemasgadmocemasgadmocemas, magram, amis miuxedavad, patriarqebi, romelTaTvisac, magram, amis miuxedavad, patriarqebi, romelTaTvisac, magram, amis miuxedavad, patriarqebi, romelTaTvisac, magram, amis miuxedavad, patriarqebi, romelTaTvisac, magram, amis miuxedavad, patriarqebi, romelTaTvisac

es galoba savsebiT ucxo iyo, ar SeewinaaRmdegnen mis gamoyenebases galoba savsebiT ucxo iyo, ar SeewinaaRmdegnen mis gamoyenebases galoba savsebiT ucxo iyo, ar SeewinaaRmdegnen mis gamoyenebases galoba savsebiT ucxo iyo, ar SeewinaaRmdegnen mis gamoyenebases galoba savsebiT ucxo iyo, ar SeewinaaRmdegnen mis gamoyenebas

maTTvis ucxo rusul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, romelicmaTTvis ucxo rusul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, romelicmaTTvis ucxo rusul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, romelicmaTTvis ucxo rusul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, romelicmaTTvis ucxo rusul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, romelic

yvelanairad cdilobda, rom pativi eca da esiamovnebina amyvelanairad cdilobda, rom pativi eca da esiamovnebina amyvelanairad cdilobda, rom pativi eca da esiamovnebina amyvelanairad cdilobda, rom pativi eca da esiamovnebina amyvelanairad cdilobda, rom pativi eca da esiamovnebina am

patriarqebisaTvis. . . rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, dasavluripatriarqebisaTvis. . . rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, dasavluripatriarqebisaTvis. . . rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, dasavluripatriarqebisaTvis. . . rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, dasavluripatriarqebisaTvis. . . rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, dasavluri

saxis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotana ruseTis eklesiissaxis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotana ruseTis eklesiissaxis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotana ruseTis eklesiissaxis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotana ruseTis eklesiissaxis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotana ruseTis eklesiis

RvTis ms axureb aSi warmoadge nda n a mdv il revoluciasRvTis ms axureb aSi warmoadge nda n a mdv il revoluciasRvTis ms axureb aSi warmoadge nda n a mdv il revoluciasRvTis ms axureb aSi warmoadge nda n a mdv il revoluciasRvTis ms axureb aSi warmoadge nda n a mdv il revolucias

saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi”.saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi”.saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi”.saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi”.saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi”.

mTeli am istoriidan metad sagulisxmo daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba.

kerZod:

1. aSkarad Cans, rom saqme Seexeba marTlmadideblobisaTvis ucxo,

mravalxmiani galobis Setanas eklesiaSi. amisaTvis wm. ioane

RvTismetyvelis taZris mrevlisTvis aucilebeli xdeba nebarTvis

miReba. amitom mimarTa man TxovniT aRmosavleTis eklesiis

dasaxelebul patriarqebs.

2. saqme rom marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis ucxo movlenas Seexeba,

es Cans patriarqebis frTxili damokidebulebidanac: isini Tanxmobas

ki ar aZleven mrevls maT Txovnaze, aramed mxolod aRniSnaven, rom

«winaaRmdegi ar arian» am siaxlisa. aseve igrZnoba, rom maT, pativiT

miRebulT da dafasebulT, euxerxulebaT uaris Tqma da, Tumc

winaaRmdegi ar arian am siaxlis Setanisa erT konkretul, moskovis,

rogorc gardneri aRniSavs, maTTvis ucxo rusul eklesiaSi, mainc

dasZenen, rom am gvaris galoba eklesiis gadmocemiTa da kanonikiT

ar aris daSvebuli: “ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis

eklesiidan”eklesiidan”eklesiidan”eklesiidan”eklesiidan”11.....

3. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi isic, rom antioqel patriarq makaris, romelic

ruseTSi wasvlamde saqarTveloSi imyofeboda da ruseTidanac kvlav

saqarTveloSi dabrunda, agreTve aleqsandriis patriarq paisis,

romelic aseve saqarTvelodan waiyvanes ruseTSi, kargad ecodinebodaT

saqarTveloSi arsebuli galoba. Tuki qarTuli galoba iqneboda

polifoniuri da amavdroulad mravalsaukunovani, tradiciuli da

eklesiis mier kanonikurad miCneuli, cxadia patriarqebi ar

íåóâåðåííîñòè: ýòî õîðîâîå ìíîãîãîëîñíîå ïåíèå íå ïðèíàäëåæèòú ïðåäàíèþïðàâîñëàâíîé öåðêâè, íî íå ñìîòðÿ íà ýòî, ïàòðèàðõè, êîòîðûìú ýòî ïåíèå áûëîñîâåðøåííî ÷óæäî, íå âîçðàæàëè ïðîòèâú åãî óïîòðåáëåíèÿ âú ÷óæäîé èìú ðóññêîéïðàâîñëàâíîé öåðêâè, êîòîðàÿ âñÿ÷åñêè ÷åñòâîâàëà è óáëàæäàëà ýòèõ ïàòðèàðõîâú.. . Êàê áóäåò âèäíî äàëåå, ââåäåíèå ìíîãîãîëîñíàãî õîðîâîãî ïåíèÿ ïî çàïàäíîìóîáðàçöó âú áîãîñëóæåíèå ðóññêîé öåðêâè, îçíà÷àëî íàñòîÿùóþ ðåâîëþöèþ âúáîãîñëóæåíîìú ïåíèè.”11. « àùå è íå ó îòú ñåÿ öåðêâå âîñòî÷íûÿ ïðèÿòîå».

29

gamoiCendnen aseT sifrTxiles da ar Cawerdnen, anda sxvagvarad

Cawerdnen sigelSi faqtobrivad gansazRvrebis tolfas debulebas

“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis eklesiidan”.“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis eklesiidan”.“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis eklesiidan”.“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis eklesiidan”.“ar momdinareobs aRmosavleTis eklesiidan”.

4. sigelis zemomoyvanili teqstis bolo winadadeba - “rameTu qveynebs“rameTu qveynebs“rameTu qveynebs“rameTu qveynebs“rameTu qveynebs

(igulisxmeba kievis ruseTi da misT. – a.u.), romlebmac igiromlebmac igiromlebmac igiromlebmac igiromlebmac igi

miiRes, aravin Zraxavs” -miiRes, aravin Zraxavs” -miiRes, aravin Zraxavs” -miiRes, aravin Zraxavs” -miiRes, aravin Zraxavs” - miuTiTebs amgvari galobis gviandelobaze

da im droisTvis aratradiciulobaze. amasve adasturebs evropeli

misionerebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb: rom me-17 saukunis 20-

an wlebSi saqarTvelos eklesiebSi bizantiuri saxis galoba iyo.

magaliTisaTvis, 1627 wels espaneTis mefe filipe IV-isadmi sabWos

mier wardgenil narkvevSi vkiTxulobT: iberielebi “yvelaferSi“yvelaferSi“yvelaferSi“yvelaferSi“yvelaferSi

misdeven berZnul rituals da xelmZRvaneloben wm. mamaTamisdeven berZnul rituals da xelmZRvaneloben wm. mamaTamisdeven berZnul rituals da xelmZRvaneloben wm. mamaTamisdeven berZnul rituals da xelmZRvaneloben wm. mamaTamisdeven berZnul rituals da xelmZRvaneloben wm. mamaTa

uwmidesi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT. amis gamo ar arisuwmidesi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT. amis gamo ar arisuwmidesi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT. amis gamo ar arisuwmidesi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT. amis gamo ar arisuwmidesi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT. amis gamo ar aris

araviTari gansxvaveba berZen da iberiel qarTvel mRvdlebsaraviTari gansxvaveba berZen da iberiel qarTvel mRvdlebsaraviTari gansxvaveba berZen da iberiel qarTvel mRvdlebsaraviTari gansxvaveba berZen da iberiel qarTvel mRvdlebsaraviTari gansxvaveba berZen da iberiel qarTvel mRvdlebs

Soris da wirva-locva erTnairad tardeba», «dRemde isiniSoris da wirva-locva erTnairad tardeba», «dRemde isiniSoris da wirva-locva erTnairad tardeba», «dRemde isiniSoris da wirva-locva erTnairad tardeba», «dRemde isiniSoris da wirva-locva erTnairad tardeba», «dRemde isini

umaRlesi sizustiTa da RvTismosaobiT inaxaven mTel amumaRlesi sizustiTa da RvTismosaobiT inaxaven mTel amumaRlesi sizustiTa da RvTismosaobiT inaxaven mTel amumaRlesi sizustiTa da RvTismosaobiT inaxaven mTel amumaRlesi sizustiTa da RvTismosaobiT inaxaven mTel am

berZnul ritualsberZnul ritualsberZnul ritualsberZnul ritualsberZnul rituals (marTlmadideblur wirva-locvas - a.u.); amamamamam

qveyanaSi ar aris mwvalebloba da erTxel miRebuliqveyanaSi ar aris mwvalebloba da erTxel miRebuliqveyanaSi ar aris mwvalebloba da erTxel miRebuliqveyanaSi ar aris mwvalebloba da erTxel miRebuliqveyanaSi ar aris mwvalebloba da erTxel miRebuli

sarwmunoebidan arasodes gadauxveviaT”sarwmunoebidan arasodes gadauxveviaT”sarwmunoebidan arasodes gadauxveviaT”sarwmunoebidan arasodes gadauxveviaT”sarwmunoebidan arasodes gadauxveviaT” (i. tabaRua, saq. evr.

arq da wign. sac. II gv.173-174). amitom unda vigulisxmoT, rom

mravalxmianoba qarTul eklesiaSi me-17 saukunis 20-iani wlebis

Semdgom damkvidrda. am logikas mihyveba aseve patriarqebis: nikonis

– ruseTSi, da anton I-is – saqarTveloSi reformatoruli saqmianoba

da Sedegebi12.

5. mrevlis Txovna Seexeboda mravalxmiani galobis Setanas mxolod

maT samrevlo taZarSi da ara mTel rusul eklesiaSi, sigelic

mxolod am eklesiisaTvis aris dawerili. Tumca, rogorc gardneri

aRniSnavs, dasavluri gvaris galobis mimarT amgvarma kompromisma

revolucia gamoiwvia ruseTis, da ara marto ruseTis eklesiebSi.

amgvarad, ruseTSi mravalxmiani galobis gavrcelebis istoria,

qarTul istoriografiaSi daculi cnobebi - me-17 saukunidan

saqarTveloSi kaToloke misionerebis gaaqtiurebis, maT mier dsavleT

saqarTveloSi samgaloblo skolebis gaxsnisa da galobis gavrcelebis,

aseve - kaTalokos anton I–is ruseTis yaidaze reformatoruli

moZraobebis Sesaxeb sruliad eTavsebian erTmaneTs da miuTiTeben

movlenaTa ganviTarebis msgavs logikasa da Sedegebze. miTumetes, rom

12 savaraudoa, rom polifonouri galoba saqarTveloSi swored antonis dros iyos

Semosuli. Tumca bizantiuri galobis kvali saqarTveloSi XIX s-Sic Cans. Tavad

antoni Tavis sagaloblebs bizantiuris mixedviT werda: ZiriTadad msgavsebi jdeba

saTviTxmovnoebis zomaSi da maTi Sesruleba prologebis mixedviT SesaZlebelia.

30

saqarTvelos ruseTis gavlenis sferoSi moqcevis kvalobaze partesuli

galobis gavrcelebis nebayoflobiTobas cvlis Zalismieri meTodebi,

rasac adasturebs i. gardneri zemoT dasaxelebul wignSi: “dasavluri“dasavluri“dasavluri“dasavluri“dasavluri

yaidis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotanis droidanyaidis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotanis droidanyaidis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotanis droidanyaidis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotanis droidanyaidis mravalxmiani gunduri galobis Semotanis droidan

moyolebuli, me-19 saukunis SuawlebSi misi uCveulomoyolebuli, me-19 saukunis SuawlebSi misi uCveulomoyolebuli, me-19 saukunis SuawlebSi misi uCveulomoyolebuli, me-19 saukunis SuawlebSi misi uCveulomoyolebuli, me-19 saukunis SuawlebSi misi uCveulo

ganviTarebis gamo, sul ufro bundovani xdeba sxvaobaganviTarebis gamo, sul ufro bundovani xdeba sxvaobaganviTarebis gamo, sul ufro bundovani xdeba sxvaobaganviTarebis gamo, sul ufro bundovani xdeba sxvaobaganviTarebis gamo, sul ufro bundovani xdeba sxvaoba

saRvTismsaxuro galobasa da saero vokalur gundur musikassaRvTismsaxuro galobasa da saero vokalur gundur musikassaRvTismsaxuro galobasa da saero vokalur gundur musikassaRvTismsaxuro galobasa da saero vokalur gundur musikassaRvTismsaxuro galobasa da saero vokalur gundur musikas

SoSoSoSoSorrrrris. . . saRvTismsaxuro galobis mimarT tiis. . . saRvTismsaxuro galobis mimarT tiis. . . saRvTismsaxuro galobis mimarT tiis. . . saRvTismsaxuro galobis mimarT tiis. . . saRvTismsaxuro galobis mimarT tipikonis sawesdebopikonis sawesdebopikonis sawesdebopikonis sawesdebopikonis sawesdebo

miTiTebebs saboloo dartyma miayena me-19 saukunis SuaSimiTiTebebs saboloo dartyma miayena me-19 saukunis SuaSimiTiTebebs saboloo dartyma miayena me-19 saukunis SuaSimiTiTebebs saboloo dartyma miayena me-19 saukunis SuaSimiTiTebebs saboloo dartyma miayena me-19 saukunis SuaSi

peterburgis samefo karis samgaloblo kapelis karis galobispeterburgis samefo karis samgaloblo kapelis karis galobispeterburgis samefo karis samgaloblo kapelis karis galobispeterburgis samefo karis samgaloblo kapelis karis galobispeterburgis samefo karis samgaloblo kapelis karis galobis

wesis gamocemam da iZulebiTma gavrcelebam. es gamocema gamouSvawesis gamocemam da iZulebiTma gavrcelebam. es gamocema gamouSvawesis gamocemam da iZulebiTma gavrcelebam. es gamocema gamouSvawesis gamocemam da iZulebiTma gavrcelebam. es gamocema gamouSvawesis gamocemam da iZulebiTma gavrcelebam. es gamocema gamouSva

kapelis direqtorma, generalma a. f. lvovma, Semdeg ki - generalmakapelis direqtorma, generalma a. f. lvovma, Semdeg ki - generalmakapelis direqtorma, generalma a. f. lvovma, Semdeg ki - generalmakapelis direqtorma, generalma a. f. lvovma, Semdeg ki - generalmakapelis direqtorma, generalma a. f. lvovma, Semdeg ki - generalma

n. i. baxmetevma . . . karis galobaSi melodiur elementzen. i. baxmetevma . . . karis galobaSi melodiur elementzen. i. baxmetevma . . . karis galobaSi melodiur elementzen. i. baxmetevma . . . karis galobaSi melodiur elementzen. i. baxmetevma . . . karis galobaSi melodiur elementze

sabolood sabolood sabolood sabolood sabolood imarjvebs harmoniuli, mravalxmiani elementi. amiTimarjvebs harmoniuli, mravalxmiani elementi. amiTimarjvebs harmoniuli, mravalxmiani elementi. amiTimarjvebs harmoniuli, mravalxmiani elementi. amiTimarjvebs harmoniuli, mravalxmiani elementi. amiT

ki kidev ufro metad irRveva rvaxmaTas prki kidev ufro metad irRveva rvaxmaTas prki kidev ufro metad irRveva rvaxmaTas prki kidev ufro metad irRveva rvaxmaTas prki kidev ufro metad irRveva rvaxmaTas princiinciinciinciinci pi. praqtikuladpi. praqtikuladpi. praqtikuladpi. praqtikuladpi. praqtikulad

karis galoba dayvanil iqna orxmianobaze: maJorze da minorzekaris galoba dayvanil iqna orxmianobaze: maJorze da minorzekaris galoba dayvanil iqna orxmianobaze: maJorze da minorzekaris galoba dayvanil iqna orxmianobaze: maJorze da minorzekaris galoba dayvanil iqna orxmianobaze: maJorze da minorze

. . . am TvalsazrisiT saero eklesiebi saerTod daSordnen. . . am TvalsazrisiT saero eklesiebi saerTod daSordnen. . . am TvalsazrisiT saero eklesiebi saerTod daSordnen. . . am TvalsazrisiT saero eklesiebi saerTod daSordnen. . . am TvalsazrisiT saero eklesiebi saerTod daSordnen

saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo gadmocemassaRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo gadmocemassaRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo gadmocemassaRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo gadmocemassaRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo gadmocemas”13

8.“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,8.“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,8.“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,8.“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,8.“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,

mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqoni

friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?

daviT maCabeli wers (“qarTvelTa zneoba”, galoba, XIX s-is I nax. d.

maCabeli “ciskari” #5, 1884w.): “yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi“yovels saqarTveloSi ori umTavresi

galoba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli da

italianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravalsitalianuri. pirveli aris mxolod erTi xma, mTqmeli, mravals

erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTa

13 “ñî âðåìåíè ââåäåíèÿ ìíîãîãîëîñíîãî õîðîâîãî ïåíèÿ ïî çàïàäíîìó îáðàçöó èïî ïðè÷èíå åãî íåîáûêíîâåííîãî ðàçâèòèÿ âú ñåðåäèíå 19-ãî âåêà, ðàçíèöà ìåæäóáîãîñëóæåáíûìú ïåíèåì è ñâåòñêîé âîêàëüíîé õîðîâîé ìóçûêîé äåëàåòñÿ âñåìåíåå è ìåíåå ÿñíîé . . . Îêîí÷àòåëüíûé óäàðú óñòàâíûìú óêàçàíèÿìúîòíîñèòåëüíî áîãîñëóæåáíàãî ïåíèÿ áûëú íàíåñåíú âú ñåðåäèíå 19-ãî âåêàèçäàíèåì è ïðèíóäèòåëüíûìú ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåìú îáèõîäà ïðèäâîðíîãî ïåíèÿÏåòåðáóðãñêîé Ïðèäâîðíîé Ïåâ÷åñêîé Êàïåëëû. Èçäàíèå ýòî áûëî âûïóùåíîäèðåêòîðîì Êàïåëëû, ãåíåðàëîìú À. Q. Ëüâîâûìú, à çàòåìú - ãåíåðàëîìú Í. È.Áàõìåòåâûìú. . . Âú ïðèäâîðíîìú íàïåâå íàäú ìåëîäè÷åñêèìú ýëåìåíòîìðåøèòåëüíî ïðåîáëàäàåòú ãàðìîíè÷åñêèé, ìíîãîãîëîñíûé ýëåìåíòú. À ýòèìú åùåáîëüøå íàðóøàåòñÿ ïðèíöèïú îñìîãëàñèÿ. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïðèäâîðíûé íàïåâúñâåëñÿ äâóãëàñèþ: êú ìàæîðó è êú ìèíîðó. . . Âú ýòîìú îòíîøåíèè ìèðñêèÿöåðêâè î÷åíü äàëåêî îòîøëè îòú áîãîñëóæåáíî-ïåâ÷åñêàãî ïðåäàíèÿ âîîáùå“.

31

sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa (xazgasma Cvenia, a.u.), moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi,, moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi,, moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi,, moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi,, moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi,

galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebrgaloba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebrgaloba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebrgaloba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebrgaloba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr

gamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xmagamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xmagamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xmagamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xmagamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma

erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore,erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore,erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore,erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore,erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore,

ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTsese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTsese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTsese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTsese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs

Rarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igiRarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igiRarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igiRarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igiRarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi

hpoves evropelTa unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTahpoves evropelTa unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTahpoves evropelTa unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTahpoves evropelTa unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTahpoves evropelTa unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa

samefoTa, rogorc saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa dasamefoTa, rogorc saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa dasamefoTa, rogorc saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa dasamefoTa, rogorc saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa dasamefoTa, rogorc saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da

samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”1414141414.....

wm. ioane oqropiris TqmiT, keTilbunebovani saeklesio galoba

eklesiis mwyemsTa xelSi qristianTa amqveyniur amaoebaTa da sazrunavTagan,

Teatralur siamovnebaTagan da eretikul SekrebaTagan mowyvetis

mniSnelovan da qmediT saSualebas warmoadgens. papizmis eresma RvTaebrivi

galoba miwieri musikiT Secvala, sulieri – mSvinvieriT, saeklesio

xelovneba – saeroTi. sxva SemTxvevaSi “filitizmis” suliskveTebis

gavleniT saeklesio xelovnebaSi folkloristikis moWarbeba xdeba.

da galoba igi, simReradqmnili, gascda WeSmariti eklesiis kedlebs da

frak-babTosan Tu qamar-xanjlosan dasTa mier iqca mesebis, koncert-

festivlebis, xelovanTa TavSeyrisa da TavSeqcevis sagnad, moergo scena-

Teatronebs, Jurnal-gazeTebis saxotbo publicistikas da amiT gaamJRavna

Tavisi miwieri buneba. is, rac misaRebi da Tundac saamayoa saero

cxovrebisaTvis da misi dawesebulebebisaTvis, xSirad miuRebeli da

SeuTavsebelia eklesiisaTvis.

8 .8 .8 .8 .8 . “gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,“gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,

mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqonimimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqoni

friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”?

daviT maCabeli wers (“qarTvelTa zneoba”, galoba, XIX s-is I nax. d.


galoba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZnuli da


erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi, erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi, erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi, erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi, erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi, gamomxatveli saRmrToTagamomxatveli saRmrToTagamomxatveli saRmrToTagamomxatveli saRmrToTagamomxatveli saRmrToTa

sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa sagalobelTa (xazgasma Cvenia, a.u.), , , , , moyvanili sakmaosmoyvanili sakmaosmoyvanili sakmaosmoyvanili sakmaosmoyvanili sakmaos

sisruleSi, galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiacsisruleSi, galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiacsisruleSi, galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiacsisruleSi, galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiacsisruleSi, galoba ese emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac

elvebr gamokrTis mSvenierad elvebr gamokrTis mSvenierad elvebr gamokrTis mSvenierad elvebr gamokrTis mSvenierad elvebr gamokrTis mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniersmimogragnili kanoniersmimogragnili kanoniersmimogragnili kanoniersmimogragnili kanoniers

14 rogorc Cans, XIX saukunSi saqarTveloSi orive gvaris galoba – bizantiuri

da polifoniuri – Tanaarsebobda.

32

kilozed kilozed kilozed kilozed kilozed xma erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa.xma erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa.xma erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa.xma erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa.xma erTisa mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa.

xolo meore, ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTaxolo meore, ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTaxolo meore, ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTaxolo meore, ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTaxolo meore, ese igi italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa

xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad, mqoni friad xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad, mqoni friad xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad, mqoni friad xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad, mqoni friad xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad, mqoni friad sasiamovnosasasiamovnosasasiamovnosasasiamovnosasasiamovnosa

kacobrivsa zeda. kacobrivsa zeda. kacobrivsa zeda. kacobrivsa zeda. kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTa unamdvilesigi hpoves evropelTa unamdvilesigi hpoves evropelTa unamdvilesigi hpoves evropelTa unamdvilesigi hpoves evropelTa unamdviles

Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa, rogorc saeklesiosRarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa, rogorc saeklesiosRarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa, rogorc saeklesiosRarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa, rogorc saeklesiosRarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa, rogorc saeklesios

sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”.sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”.sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”.sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”.sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad (muzikad)”.

wm. ioane oqropiris TqmiT, keTilbunebovani saeklesio galoba

eklesiis mwyemsTa xelSi qristianTa amqveyniur amaoebaTa da sazrunavTagan,

Teatralur siamovnebaTagan da eretikul SekrebaTagan mowyvetis

mniSnelovan da qmediT saSualebas warmoadgens. papizmis eresma RvTaebrivi

galoba miwieri musikiT

Secvala, sulieri – mSvinvieriT, saeklesio xelovneba – saeroTi. sxva

SemTxvevaSi “filitizmis” suliskveTebis gavleniT saeklesio xelovnebaSi

folkloristikis moWarbeba xdeba. da galoba igi, simReradqmnili,

gascda WeSmariti eklesiis kedlebs da frak-babTosan Tu qamar-

xanjlosan dasTa mier iqca mesebis, koncert-festivlebis, xelovanTa

TavSeyrisa da TavSeqcevis sagnad, moergo scena-Teatronebs, Jurnal-

gazeTebis saxotbo publicistikas da amiT gaamJRavna Tavisi miwieri

buneba. is, rac misaRebi da Tundac saamayoa saero cxovrebisaTvis da

misi dawesebulebebisaTvis, xSirad miuRebeli da SeuTavsebelia

eklesiisaTvis.

9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli?9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli?9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli?9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli?9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli?

dasavleTis eklesiam, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sulieri galobis

sanacvlod, SeiTvisa kontrapunqtis xelovneba da “harmoniuli” galoba,

ris Sedegadac mSvinvieri musika daamkvidra. mkvlevrebi am saxecvlilebis

kanonzomierebas sxvadasxvagvarad xsnian. erT-erTi gavrcelebuli

TvalsazrisiT (ix. mag. “Òåîðèÿ áîãîñëóæåáíîãî ïåíèÿ”15), es movlena

ukavSirdeba TviT mravalxmianobis bunebas. aRniSnulia, rom erTxmianobis

mTavari musikaluri elementia melodia16, romelic droSi ganfenil

bgeraTa mimdevrobisagan warmodgeba. es mimdevroba qmnis droSi ganfenil

erTgvar melodiur xazs, rac Cvens warmosaxvaSi sufTa droiTi

grZlivobis SegrZnebebs iwvevs da samganzomilebian sivrciT

warmodgenebTan ar aris dakavSirebuli. maSin rodesac: “mravalxmianoba“mravalxmianoba“mravalxmianoba“mravalxmianoba“mravalxmianoba

uciloblad iwvevs cnobierebaSi sivrcul SegrZnebebs. Cveniuciloblad iwvevs cnobierebaSi sivrcul SegrZnebebs. Cveniuciloblad iwvevs cnobierebaSi sivrcul SegrZnebebs. Cveniuciloblad iwvevs cnobierebaSi sivrcul SegrZnebebs. Cveniuciloblad iwvevs cnobierebaSi sivrcul SegrZnebebs. Cveni

cnobiereba ki isea mowyobili, rom sivrce ar aRiqmeba materiiscnobiereba ki isea mowyobili, rom sivrce ar aRiqmeba materiiscnobiereba ki isea mowyobili, rom sivrce ar aRiqmeba materiiscnobiereba ki isea mowyobili, rom sivrce ar aRiqmeba materiiscnobiereba ki isea mowyobili, rom sivrce ar aRiqmeba materiis

15 http://www.mediaterra.ru.16 melodia xSirad sruldeba isonis (banis) TanxlebiT. iSviaT SemTxvevaSi xdeba

isonis dublireba dominantur bgerebze.

33

gareSe, nivTieris gareSe . . . ai ratomaa, rom erTxmiani galobagareSe, nivTieris gareSe . . . ai ratomaa, rom erTxmiani galobagareSe, nivTieris gareSe . . . ai ratomaa, rom erTxmiani galobagareSe, nivTieris gareSe . . . ai ratomaa, rom erTxmiani galobagareSe, nivTieris gareSe . . . ai ratomaa, rom erTxmiani galoba

Cvens cnobierebaSi raRac aramaterialuri, sulieri moZraobisCvens cnobierebaSi raRac aramaterialuri, sulieri moZraobisCvens cnobierebaSi raRac aramaterialuri, sulieri moZraobisCvens cnobierebaSi raRac aramaterialuri, sulieri moZraobisCvens cnobierebaSi raRac aramaterialuri, sulieri moZraobis

warmodgenebs aRZravs, maSin, rodesac mravalxmianobaSi eswarmodgenebs aRZravs, maSin, rodesac mravalxmianobaSi eswarmodgenebs aRZravs, maSin, rodesac mravalxmianobaSi eswarmodgenebs aRZravs, maSin, rodesac mravalxmianobaSi eswarmodgenebs aRZravs, maSin, rodesac mravalxmianobaSi es

sulieri procesi TiTqos xorcielobas iZens. da Tu erTxmianoba,sulieri procesi TiTqos xorcielobas iZens. da Tu erTxmianoba,sulieri procesi TiTqos xorcielobas iZens. da Tu erTxmianoba,sulieri procesi TiTqos xorcielobas iZens. da Tu erTxmianoba,sulieri procesi TiTqos xorcielobas iZens. da Tu erTxmianoba,

anu monodia, WeSmariti sulieri locvis gamovlinebaa ,anu monodia, WeSmariti sulieri locvis gamovlinebaa ,anu monodia, WeSmariti sulieri locvis gamovlinebaa ,anu monodia, WeSmariti sulieri locvis gamovlinebaa ,anu monodia, WeSmariti sulieri locvis gamovlinebaa ,

mravalxmianoba am locvis mgrZnobelobiT da mSvinvierobiTmravalxmianoba am locvis mgrZnobelobiT da mSvinvierobiTmravalxmianoba am locvis mgrZnobelobiT da mSvinvierobiTmravalxmianoba am locvis mgrZnobelobiT da mSvinvierobiTmravalxmianoba am locvis mgrZnobelobiT da mSvinvierobiT

Semosvas warmoadgens”Semosvas warmoadgens”Semosvas warmoadgens”Semosvas warmoadgens”Semosvas warmoadgens”17.

niSandoblivi paralelis gavleba SeiZleba xatwerasTan. xatweraSi

mesame ganzomilebis Setana samganzomilebiani sivrcis perspeqtivis

warmosaxvasa da SegrZnebebs badebs, gamosaxuleba moculobas iZens,

xorcs isxams da amqveyniuri xdeba. amis Sedegad xatweris simbolizmi

- nivTierqmnili, da kanonika, rogorc aseTi, qrebian. saeklesio galobaSi

mesame ganzomilebis rols asrulebs harmonia, rasac kontrapunqtis

xelovneba warmoSobs, da galoba, rogorc zemoT iTqva, iqceva mSvinvier,

ara WvretiT, aramed grZnobad musikad. am TvalsazrisiT xatwerisa da

galobis kanonikebs Soris didi msgavsebaa.

10. ti10. ti10. ti10. ti10. ti pikoniT Tu utipikoniT Tu utipikoniT Tu utipikoniT Tu utipikoniT Tu uti pikonodpikonodpikonodpikonodpikonod

ivane gardneri zemoT dasaxelebul naSromSi

(gv. 78-79) aRniSnavs, rom dasavluri yaidis

partesulma galobam SeuZlebeli gaxada

eklesiaSi arsebuli da moqmedi tipikoniT

RvTismsaxurebis Catareba, rom partesuli galobis SemotaniT eklesiidan

tipikoniseuli galoba ganidevna, rom saero eklesiebSi galobam dakarga

Tavisi ZiriTadi - RvTismsaxurebis erT-erTi formis – daniSnuleba

da musikaluri gaformebis, sagundo musikis smenis, xSirad - koncertis

xasiaTi SeiZina.

dRes eklesiaSi moqmedi tipikoni calsaxad gviCvenebs (amis Sesaxeb

ufro dawvrilebiT Semdeg TavSi iqneba saubari), rom saRvTismsaxuro

wignebSi miTiTebulia damaskeliseuli kanonikiT, damaskeliseuli xmebis

mixedviT da saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi dasaxelebuli bizantiuri

17 “ìíîãîãîëîñèå íåèçáåæíî âûçûâàþò â ñîçíàíèè ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûå îùóùåíèÿ.Íàøå æå ñîçíàíèå óñòðîåíî òàê, ÷òî ïðîñòðàíñòâî íå ìûñëèòñÿ âíå ìàòåðèè,âíå âåùåñòâà . . . Âîò ïî÷åìó îäíîãîëîñèå âûçûâàåò â íàøåì ñîçíàíèèïðåäñòàâëåíèå î íåêîåì íåìàòåðèàëüíîì, äóõîâíîì ïðîöåññå, â òî âðåìÿ, êàê âìíîãîãîëîñèè ýòîò ïðîöåññ êàê áû îáðåòàåò òåëåñíîñòü. È åñëè îäíîãîëîñèå, èëèìîíîäèÿ, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ïðîÿâëåíèå èñòèííîé äóõîâíîé ìîëèòâû, òîìíîãîãîëîñèå ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîþ îáðàñòàíèå ýòîé ìîëèòâû ÷óâñòâåííîñòüþè äóøåâíîñòüþ“.

34

saeklesio musikis Semoqmedi himnograf-kompozitorebis mier Seqmnili

sagaloblebi da melodiebi.

11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe

ieso qriste da mociqulebi erTxmian sagaloblebs galobdnen.

morwmunisaTvis es ukve sakmarisi motivia, raTa RvTis sadideblad

manac imave gvaris galoba airCios.

vinmem kidec rom gaiziaros yovlad warmoudgeneli Tvalsazrisi,

TiTqos eklesiam, yovelRiuri, ganuwyveteli RvTismsaxurebis miuxedavad,

yovelive RvTivgamocxadebiTi da RvTivkurTxeuli saeklesio wesis

mimarT misi didi sifrTxilis miuxedavad, mainc dakarga saeklesio

kanonikuri galoba, erTi ram utyuaria: swored bizantiur galobaSia

yvelaze metad SenarCunebuli is melodiebi, romlebsac macxovari da

mociqulebi, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wminda mamebi galobdnen.

morwmunisaTvis es sakmarisze meti motivia, raTa man RvTis sadideblad

bizantiuri galoba airCios.

amboben, samxmianoba warmoadgens wminda samebis simbolos da amitom

samxmiani galoba wminda samebas ufro srulyofilad adidebs, vidre

erTxmianio. eklesiis arc erT wminda mamas es azriar gamouTqvams im

ubralo mizezis gamo, rom es sakiTxi eklesiologiur sakiTxTa rigs

ar ganekuTvneba. Zneli warmosadgenia, rom wm. ioane damaskels, romelmac

mogvca marTlmadideblobis zusti ganmarteba da amave dros iyo

musikaluri xelovnebisa da musikaluri Teoriis Rrma mcodne, am

sakiTxisaTvis yuradReba ar mieqcia. igive SeiZleba iTqvas sxva wminda,

RvTivganbrZnobil mamebze. wminda samebis yvela simbolo mocemulia

wmida werilSi da TviTSemoqmedeba da TviTneboba am sakiTxSi friad

saxifaToa.

is, vinc ioane petriwis cnobil mosazrebaze dayrdnobiT iziarebs

zemoTqmul Sexedulebas wm. samebis simbolos Sesaxeb, sammagi Secdomis

msxverpli xdeba:

1. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT araswor interpretacias ukeTebs ioane

petriwis erT gamonaTqvam sityvebs, radgan petriwis gamonaTqvami

saerTod ar Seexeba galobasa da sasuliero musikas. mas es mosazreba18

simebian sakravTan dakavSirebiT aqvs gamoTqmuli;

2. arc sakravTan mimarTebaSi Seexeba ioane petriwis es gamonaTqvami

sazogadod samxmianobas (polifonias), aramed gulisxmobs sami

18 TavisTavad isic sakamaToa, ramdenad esadageba ioane petriwis gamoTqmuli mosazreba

saeklesio swavlebas.

35

registris erTi bgeris erTobis sakiTxs, unisons sam registrSi.

meore mxriv, miniSnebis dayeneba simbolos rangSi, rogori moxdenilic

ar unda iyos is, igivea, rom miwiers mivaniWoT RvTaebrivis mniSvneloba;

3. TviT ioane petriwis am naazrevis moSvelieba da misiT xelmZRvaneloba

dauSvebelia, radgan ioane petriwi, misi mravalmxrivi moRvaweobis

da miuxedavad, ar warmoadgens eklesiis wmida mamas, metic, igi

"Tavisufali” azrovnebis gamo (neoplatonizmi) gandevnil iqna

petriwonis monastridan (cnobierebis miseuli xedva mravali saukunis

Semdgom aisaxa kaTalikos anton pirvelis reformatorul

moRvaweobaSi).

aseTi safrTxe emuqreba yvelas, vinc RvTiuri sibrZnis wil

eklesiologiuri sakiTxebis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetisas kacobrivi

sibrZniT ixelmZRvanelebs.

12. ori stiqiis erTianoba12. ori stiqiis erTianoba12. ori stiqiis erTianoba12. ori stiqiis erTianoba12. ori stiqiis erTianoba

sagaloblis Semadgeneli ori stiqiis - sityvisa da musikis organuli

erTianoba, RvTismsaxurebasTan Serwyma emsaxureba mlocvelTa

ganwyobilebis «emociuri mrudis» sworad warmarTvas, rac

uzrunvelyofs RvTismsaxurebaSi maT CarTvasa da monawileobas,

yuradRebis mokrebis saWiro xarisxsa da sityvaTa aRqmadobas. wm.

ioane damaskelma TiToeuli xmisTvis SearCia iseTi musikaluri kiloebi,

romlebic metad esadageboda Sesabamisi saRvTismsaxuro teqstebis

Sinaarsebs; Tumca, SesaZloa, rig SemTxvevebSi piriqiT - musikaluri

mxare ganapirobebda Sesaferisi JReradobisa da Seferilobis sityvis

an Sinaarsobrivad Sesabamisi emociis mqone winadadebis moZebnas. yovelive

aman “rva xmaTas” saxiT Seqmna sityvisa da hangis ganuyofeli erTianoba

da mTlianoba. momdevno saukuneebSi eklesiis mamebma, romlebic

xelmZRvanelobdnen damaskelis xmebiTa da melodiebiT, mis mier dadgenili

galobis kanonikiT, ganavrces da srulyves saeklesio galoba; ase rom,

xatweris msgavsad, kanonikuri sagaloblebi mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi

iqmneboda da dResac iqmneba. teqsturi Sinaarsidan da musikaluri

filosofiidan, saxasiaTo melodiebidan da sxva musikaluri

elementebidan gamomdinare, sainteresoa xmebis aRwera-daxasiaTeba.

sxvadasxva mkvlevari gansxvavebuli sityvebiTa da epiTetebiT aRwers

kanonikur xmebs, magram yvela aRniSnavs xmis, misi musikaluri palitris,

emociuri xazisa da xasiaTis srul Sesabamisobas sityvasTan,

sagalobelTa teqstur SinaarsTan.

36

magaliTisaTvis, dekanozi boris nikolaevi ase aRwers pirvel xmas:

“pirveli xma – es aris sasoebis xma, RvTiuri didebis, zeciuri“pirveli xma – es aris sasoebis xma, RvTiuri didebis, zeciuri“pirveli xma – es aris sasoebis xma, RvTiuri didebis, zeciuri“pirveli xma – es aris sasoebis xma, RvTiuri didebis, zeciuri“pirveli xma – es aris sasoebis xma, RvTiuri didebis, zeciuri

silamazis xma, zesTasoflis keTilmSvenierebisa da miwierisilamazis xma, zesTasoflis keTilmSvenierebisa da miwierisilamazis xma, zesTasoflis keTilmSvenierebisa da miwierisilamazis xma, zesTasoflis keTilmSvenierebisa da miwierisilamazis xma, zesTasoflis keTilmSvenierebisa da miwieri

soflis sulieri sitkboebis xma, saerTo da sayovelTao didebisasoflis sulieri sitkboebis xma, saerTo da sayovelTao didebisasoflis sulieri sitkboebis xma, saerTo da sayovelTao didebisasoflis sulieri sitkboebis xma, saerTo da sayovelTao didebisasoflis sulieri sitkboebis xma, saerTo da sayovelTao didebisa

da zeimis triumfSi zecis miwasTan Serigebis xma. pirvelida zeimis triumfSi zecis miwasTan Serigebis xma. pirvelida zeimis triumfSi zecis miwasTan Serigebis xma. pirvelida zeimis triumfSi zecis miwasTan Serigebis xma. pirvelida zeimis triumfSi zecis miwasTan Serigebis xma. pirveli

xmis melodiebi JReren Rirseulad, didebulebiT, sinanuliseulixmis melodiebi JReren Rirseulad, didebulebiT, sinanuliseulixmis melodiebi JReren Rirseulad, didebulebiT, sinanuliseulixmis melodiebi JReren Rirseulad, didebulebiT, sinanuliseulixmis melodiebi JReren Rirseulad, didebulebiT, sinanuliseuli

sitkboebis ZlivsSesamCnevi SeferilobiT”sitkboebis ZlivsSesamCnevi SeferilobiT”sitkboebis ZlivsSesamCnevi SeferilobiT”sitkboebis ZlivsSesamCnevi SeferilobiT”sitkboebis ZlivsSesamCnevi SeferilobiT”.

pirveli xmis sagaloblebis teqstebis, sityvieri Sinaarsis RvTiuri

sidiadisa da zeciuri silamazis gasaZliereblad wm. ioane damaskelma

SearCia doriuli kilo da masSi win wamoswia iseTi melodiebi da

musikalur-emociuri intonaciebi, romlebic am xmis sagaloblebs aniWeben

gansakuTrebul gamomsaxvelobas. maTSi gamosWvivis aRdgomis brwyinvaleba

da aRdgomilis Zlevamosili msvleloba, moismis zeciur ZalTa galoba,

romliTac adideben aRdgomas, aRdgomili mxsnelis meufebas, zeimoben

misi Wvretis sixaruls da ganicdian saerTo dResaswaulSi orive

samyaros - zeciurisa da miwieris erTobas.

aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom damaskeliseuli doriuli kilos intervalebi,

iseve rogorc sxva xmebis kiloTa intervalebi, gansxvavdebian evropuli,

temperirebuli musikis kiloTa intervalebisagan. rogorc viciT, pirvel

xmas, mis kilos safuZvlad daedo wm. ioane damaskelis cnobili

sagalobeli “marjuena� Seni uZleveli” (bibliur citataze - “marjuene

Seni, ufalo, didebul ars ZaliTa SeniTa” (gamosvlaTa, XV) – dayrdnobiT),

romelic man ufals aRuvlina madlierebis niSnad, mokveTili marjvenis

saswaulebriv gankurnebasTan dakavSirebiT.

13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad

wodebul saswaulmoqmed xatswodebul saswaulmoqmed xatswodebul saswaulmoqmed xatswodebul saswaulmoqmed xatswodebul saswaulmoqmed xats

samxelianad wodebuli xati, romelic mTeli marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis saTayvanebel xatad iqca, gamoxatavs wm. ioane damaskelisadmi,

misi Semoqmedebisadmi yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Semweobas. igi

gvaxsenebs ioane damaskelisTvis gankuTvnil RvTismSoblis kurTxevas,

- daecva eklesia mwvaleblobisagan da mwvalebelTagan, Seeqmna eklesiis

kanonikuri galoba, romelic iqceoda marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

sayovelTao galobad vidre meored mosvlamde. vinc Tayvans scems

RvTismSoblis am xats, is Tayvans scems xatze gamosaxul agarianelTa

mTavris mier mokveTil da Semdgom RvTismSoblis mier saswaulebrivad

37

gamTelebul da gankurnebul marjvenas ioane damasklisas. man Tavisi

moRvaweobiTa da SemoqmedebiT daicva eklesiis erTianoba, amave dros,

daamkvidra eklesiaSi sayovelTao kanonikuri galoba, bizantiurad

wodebuli.

14. niSnad ukvdavebisa14. niSnad ukvdavebisa14. niSnad ukvdavebisa14. niSnad ukvdavebisa14. niSnad ukvdavebisa

4 (17) dekembers, wm. ioane damaskelis

xsenebis dRes, mTeli eklesia yvela adgilobriv

enaze ugalobs mas sagaloblebs:

“mamao yovlad brZeno “mamao yovlad brZeno “mamao yovlad brZeno “mamao yovlad brZeno “mamao yovlad brZeno iiiiioane, eklesiaoane, eklesiaoane, eklesiaoane, eklesiaoane, eklesia

qristesi gananaTle galobiTa, usaRmrToesqristesi gananaTle galobiTa, usaRmrToesqristesi gananaTle galobiTa, usaRmrToesqristesi gananaTle galobiTa, usaRmrToesqristesi gananaTle galobiTa, usaRmrToes

tkbilad galobdi ratkbilad galobdi ratkbilad galobdi ratkbilad galobdi ratkbilad galobdi ra�� yovlad didebulo, yovlad didebulo, yovlad didebulo, yovlad didebulo, yovlad didebulo,

da moqmedebiTa, mamao, sulisada moqmedebiTa, mamao, sulisada moqmedebiTa, mamao, sulisada moqmedebiTa, mamao, sulisada moqmedebiTa, mamao, sulisa��Ta hsnZobdTa hsnZobdTa hsnZobdTa hsnZobdTa hsnZobd

ebansa Sensa msgavsad daviTisa, romlisaebansa Sensa msgavsad daviTisa, romlisaebansa Sensa msgavsad daviTisa, romlisaebansa Sensa msgavsad daviTisa, romlisaebansa Sensa msgavsad daviTisa, romlisa

xmobiTa saRmrToxmobiTa saRmrToxmobiTa saRmrToxmobiTa saRmrToxmobiTa saRmrTo��sa mis galobisasa mis galobisasa mis galobisasa mis galobisasa mis galobisa��TaTaTaTaTa

yovelni miiziden”yovelni miiziden”yovelni miiziden”yovelni miiziden”yovelni miiziden” (dasdebeli ufalo

RaRadyavsa zeda);

“romelni ganmzadebul-arian galobisa Sewirvad, mamao “romelni ganmzadebul-arian galobisa Sewirvad, mamao “romelni ganmzadebul-arian galobisa Sewirvad, mamao “romelni ganmzadebul-arian galobisa Sewirvad, mamao “romelni ganmzadebul-arian galobisa Sewirvad, mamao iiiiioane,oane,oane,oane,oane,

Seewie maT. . .” Seewie maT. . .” Seewie maT. . .” Seewie maT. . .” Seewie maT. . .” (ciskris kanoni, galoba 1);

“viTarca brZenman mecnierman gulis-xma hyven keTilni saukuneni, “viTarca brZenman mecnierman gulis-xma hyven keTilni saukuneni, “viTarca brZenman mecnierman gulis-xma hyven keTilni saukuneni, “viTarca brZenman mecnierman gulis-xma hyven keTilni saukuneni, “viTarca brZenman mecnierman gulis-xma hyven keTilni saukuneni,

mamao mamao mamao mamao mamao iiiiioane, da gamoirCien Sen warmavalTa wil waruvalni igi,oane, da gamoirCien Sen warmavalTa wil waruvalni igi,oane, da gamoirCien Sen warmavalTa wil waruvalni igi,oane, da gamoirCien Sen warmavalTa wil waruvalni igi,oane, da gamoirCien Sen warmavalTa wil waruvalni igi,

netaro, amisTvis samarTlad gadida Sen netaro, amisTvis samarTlad gadida Sen netaro, amisTvis samarTlad gadida Sen netaro, amisTvis samarTlad gadida Sen netaro, amisTvis samarTlad gadida Sen qqqqqristeman meufeman”risteman meufeman”risteman meufeman”risteman meufeman”risteman meufeman”

(ciskris kanoni, galoba 1);

“miiRe Sen talanti da sibrZniT ganamravle, da miec eklesiasa“miiRe Sen talanti da sibrZniT ganamravle, da miec eklesiasa“miiRe Sen talanti da sibrZniT ganamravle, da miec eklesiasa“miiRe Sen talanti da sibrZniT ganamravle, da miec eklesiasa“miiRe Sen talanti da sibrZniT ganamravle, da miec eklesiasa

qristessa, mamao qristessa, mamao qristessa, mamao qristessa, mamao qristessa, mamao iiiiioane, da igi gadidebs Sen saukunesa”oane, da igi gadidebs Sen saukunesa”oane, da igi gadidebs Sen saukunesa”oane, da igi gadidebs Sen saukunesa”oane, da igi gadidebs Sen saukunesa” (ciskris

kanoni, galoba 3);

“ganaTldi sulisa mier wmidisa, da Rirs iqmen gamoTqmad” “ganaTldi sulisa mier wmidisa, da Rirs iqmen gamoTqmad” “ganaTldi sulisa mier wmidisa, da Rirs iqmen gamoTqmad” “ganaTldi sulisa mier wmidisa, da Rirs iqmen gamoTqmad” “ganaTldi sulisa mier wmidisa, da Rirs iqmen gamoTqmad”

(ciskris kanoni, galoba 6);

“qoro “qoro “qoro “qoro “qoro�� eklesiisa eklesiisa eklesiisa eklesiisa eklesiisa�� miamsgavse zecisa ganwyobilTa, mamao miamsgavse zecisa ganwyobilTa, mamao miamsgavse zecisa ganwyobilTa, mamao miamsgavse zecisa ganwyobilTa, mamao miamsgavse zecisa ganwyobilTa, mamao iiiiioane,oane,oane,oane,oane,

da aswave maT galobada aswave maT galobada aswave maT galobada aswave maT galobada aswave maT galoba��, samebisa wmidisa, samebisa wmidisa, samebisa wmidisa, samebisa wmidisa, samebisa wmidisa�,�,�,�,�, sanatrelo” sanatrelo” sanatrelo” sanatrelo” sanatrelo” (ciskris

kanoni, galoba 6);

“daTesa mterman, msgavsad Cueulebisa, RuarZli ukeTuri “daTesa mterman, msgavsad Cueulebisa, RuarZli ukeTuri “daTesa mterman, msgavsad Cueulebisa, RuarZli ukeTuri “daTesa mterman, msgavsad Cueulebisa, RuarZli ukeTuri “daTesa mterman, msgavsad Cueulebisa, RuarZli ukeTuri

wualebisawualebisawualebisawualebisawualebisa�� eklesiasa Sina, uaris-yofad sarwmunoeba eklesiasa Sina, uaris-yofad sarwmunoeba eklesiasa Sina, uaris-yofad sarwmunoeba eklesiasa Sina, uaris-yofad sarwmunoeba eklesiasa Sina, uaris-yofad sarwmunoeba��, xolo, xolo, xolo, xolo, xolo

Sen Sen Sen Sen Sen iiiiioane, aRmohfxuar Ziri yovlisa wualebisaoane, aRmohfxuar Ziri yovlisa wualebisaoane, aRmohfxuar Ziri yovlisa wualebisaoane, aRmohfxuar Ziri yovlisa wualebisaoane, aRmohfxuar Ziri yovlisa wualebisa��””””” (ciskris kanoni,

galoba 8);

“viTarca saRmrTo“viTarca saRmrTo“viTarca saRmrTo“viTarca saRmrTo“viTarca saRmrTo�� naTeli, mamao Cueno, eklesiasa naTeli, mamao Cueno, eklesiasa naTeli, mamao Cueno, eklesiasa naTeli, mamao Cueno, eklesiasa naTeli, mamao Cueno, eklesiasa

aRmoubrwyinve galobaaRmoubrwyinve galobaaRmoubrwyinve galobaaRmoubrwyinve galobaaRmoubrwyinve galoba�� ese Seni brwyinvaled ganmanaTlebeli, ese Seni brwyinvaled ganmanaTlebeli, ese Seni brwyinvaled ganmanaTlebeli, ese Seni brwyinvaled ganmanaTlebeli, ese Seni brwyinvaled ganmanaTlebeli,

da wmida hyav msgavsad Sensa” da wmida hyav msgavsad Sensa” da wmida hyav msgavsad Sensa” da wmida hyav msgavsad Sensa” da wmida hyav msgavsad Sensa” (ganmanaTlebeli);

“simravle monazonTa “simravle monazonTa “simravle monazonTa “simravle monazonTa “simravle monazonTa�� , , , , , iiiiioane , winamZRurad aRgiarebs,oane , winamZRurad aRgiarebs,oane , winamZRurad aRgiarebs,oane , winamZRurad aRgiarebs,oane , winamZRurad aRgiarebs,

RmerTSemosilo, rameTu Sen mier WeSmaritad icnes gzaRmerTSemosilo, rameTu Sen mier WeSmaritad icnes gzaRmerTSemosilo, rameTu Sen mier WeSmaritad icnes gzaRmerTSemosilo, rameTu Sen mier WeSmaritad icnes gzaRmerTSemosilo, rameTu Sen mier WeSmaritad icnes gza�� wrfeli, wrfeli, wrfeli, wrfeli, wrfeli,

38

romelsa zeda mavalni miudrekelad Tana-warhxdebian gzaTaromelsa zeda mavalni miudrekelad Tana-warhxdebian gzaTaromelsa zeda mavalni miudrekelad Tana-warhxdebian gzaTaromelsa zeda mavalni miudrekelad Tana-warhxdebian gzaTaromelsa zeda mavalni miudrekelad Tana-warhxdebian gzaTa

gularZnilTa da gnatrian Sen WeSmaritsa RmrTisa monasa . . “gularZnilTa da gnatrian Sen WeSmaritsa RmrTisa monasa . . “gularZnilTa da gnatrian Sen WeSmaritsa RmrTisa monasa . . “gularZnilTa da gnatrian Sen WeSmaritsa RmrTisa monasa . . “gularZnilTa da gnatrian Sen WeSmaritsa RmrTisa monasa . . “

(aRvivseniTis muxli);

“marTlmadideblobisa winamZRvaro da keTilmsaxurebisa da “marTlmadideblobisa winamZRvaro da keTilmsaxurebisa da “marTlmadideblobisa winamZRvaro da keTilmsaxurebisa da “marTlmadideblobisa winamZRvaro da keTilmsaxurebisa da “marTlmadideblobisa winamZRvaro da keTilmsaxurebisa da

krZalulebisa moZRuaro da monazonTa kanono RmrTivsuliero”krZalulebisa moZRuaro da monazonTa kanono RmrTivsuliero”krZalulebisa moZRuaro da monazonTa kanono RmrTivsuliero”krZalulebisa moZRuaro da monazonTa kanono RmrTivsuliero”krZalulebisa moZRuaro da monazonTa kanono RmrTivsuliero”

(wm. ioane damaskelis troparidan);

“galobaTa aRmwerelsa, patiosansa da RvTismetyvelsa, eklesiaTa“galobaTa aRmwerelsa, patiosansa da RvTismetyvelsa, eklesiaTa“galobaTa aRmwerelsa, patiosansa da RvTismetyvelsa, eklesiaTa“galobaTa aRmwerelsa, patiosansa da RvTismetyvelsa, eklesiaTa“galobaTa aRmwerelsa, patiosansa da RvTismetyvelsa, eklesiaTa

warmmarTebelsa da moZRvarsa, da mterTa da winaaRmdgomTawarmmarTebelsa da moZRvarsa, da mterTa da winaaRmdgomTawarmmarTebelsa da moZRvarsa, da mterTa da winaaRmdgomTawarmmarTebelsa da moZRvarsa, da mterTa da winaaRmdgomTawarmmarTebelsa da moZRvarsa, da mterTa da winaaRmdgomTa

mbrZolsa mbrZolsa mbrZolsa mbrZolsa mbrZolsa iiiiioanes ugalobdeT, rameTu saWurvelad aRiRo juarioanes ugalobdeT, rameTu saWurvelad aRiRo juarioanes ugalobdeT, rameTu saWurvelad aRiRo juarioanes ugalobdeT, rameTu saWurvelad aRiRo juarioanes ugalobdeT, rameTu saWurvelad aRiRo juari

uflisauflisauflisauflisauflisa�� da ganagdo mwvalebelTa sacTuri, da viTarca mxurvale da ganagdo mwvalebelTa sacTuri, da viTarca mxurvale da ganagdo mwvalebelTa sacTuri, da viTarca mxurvale da ganagdo mwvalebelTa sacTuri, da viTarca mxurvale da ganagdo mwvalebelTa sacTuri, da viTarca mxurvale

meoxi RmrTisa mimarT, yovelTa moaniWebs codvaTa Sendobasa”meoxi RmrTisa mimarT, yovelTa moaniWebs codvaTa Sendobasa”meoxi RmrTisa mimarT, yovelTa moaniWebs codvaTa Sendobasa”meoxi RmrTisa mimarT, yovelTa moaniWebs codvaTa Sendobasa”meoxi RmrTisa mimarT, yovelTa moaniWebs codvaTa Sendobasa”

amin!

Tavi IITavi IITavi IITavi IITavi II

saeklesio galoba:saeklesio galoba:saeklesio galoba:saeklesio galoba:saeklesio galoba:

aaaaarsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi, saxeebi,rsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi, saxeebi,rsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi, saxeebi,rsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi, saxeebi,rsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi, saxeebi,

fofofofoformebi,rmebi,rmebi,rmebi,rmebi, rvaxmaTas pr rvaxmaTas pr rvaxmaTas pr rvaxmaTas pr rvaxmaTas princiinciinciinciinci pi,pi,pi,pi,pi, ti ti ti ti ti pikonTanpikonTanpikonTanpikonTanpikonTan

SesabamisobaSesabamisobaSesabamisobaSesabamisobaSesabamisoba

u mjobesia zeca da mze Seicvalon, vidre saeklesio kanonebSi Seicvalos raime, radgan wmida eklesia RvTis sityviT aris

dafuZnebuli, xolo RvTis sityva casa da dedamiwaze umtkicesia.

wm. kirile ierusalimeliwm. kirile ierusalimeliwm. kirile ierusalimeliwm. kirile ierusalimeliwm. kirile ierusalimeli

40

1 termini “galoba” aRniSnavs mxolod saeklesio, saRvTismsaxurebo daniSnulebis

galobas. igi unda sruldebodes mxolod eklesiaSi. iseT musikalur nawarmoebs,

romlebic Seqmnilia religiur Temebze, magram ara aqvT saRvTismsaxuro daniSnuleba,

gardneris mixedviT (dasax. wigni, gv 64) vuwodebT simReras.

Tavi IITavi IITavi IITavi IITavi II

saeklesio galobasaeklesio galobasaeklesio galobasaeklesio galobasaeklesio galoba11111: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,

saxeebi,saxeebi,saxeebi,saxeebi,saxeebi, fo fo fo fo formebi,rmebi,rmebi,rmebi,rmebi, ti ti ti ti ti pikonTan SesabamisobapikonTan SesabamisobapikonTan SesabamisobapikonTan SesabamisobapikonTan Sesabamisoba

1. Sesavali1. Sesavali1. Sesavali1. Sesavali1. Sesavali

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebis arsi da struqtura

gansxvavdeba papisturi, metadre sxvadasxva protestantuli

gaerTianebebis ritualuri msaxurebisagan. es gansxvaveba ganapirobebs

gansxvavebul Sexedulebebs msaxurebaSi musikaluri fenomenis

mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebiT. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs rogorc saeklesio

musikis arsi, ise misi liturgiuli funqcia. mTavari gansxvaveba isaa,

rom mxolod marTlmadidebeli eklesiis msaxureba warmoadgens

RvTisadmi WeSmarit msaxurebas. RvTismsaxurebis ZiriTadi elementebi,

maT Soris, musikaluric eklesiaSi RvTis daSvebiT da gangebulebiT

gaCnda. saeklesio, saRvTismsaxuro galoba Tavad macxovris, ieso qristes

piradi magaliTiT ikurTxa, razec wina TavSic visaubreT.

istoriulad, galobis arsis dakninebis, “damiwebis” mZlavri procesi

dasavleTis eklesiis gandgomisa da mwvaleblobaSi Cavardnis Semdgom

daiwyo. RvTismsaxurebam dakarga Sinaarsi da papistur da mis wiaRSi

aRmocenebul mwvaleblur “eklesiebSi” ritualis xasiaTi da forma

miiRo. aman, droTa ganmavlobaSi, galobas, rogorc RvTismsaxurebis

erT-erT formas, Seucvala roli da daniSnuleba, SesZina damxmare,

fonuri, araaucilebeli (fakultaturi), araTanamdevi (ara imanentuli)

~msaxurebis” rogorc erTgvari Teatralizebuli warmodgenis,

musikaluri gaformebis elementis daniSnuleba.

Sedegad dacemul “eklesiaSi” momdevno istoriul procesSi

ganviTarda sxvadasxva saxis “musikalur-sanaxaobiTi” formebi:

musikaluri dramis, groteskuli warmodgenebis (mag. “viris mesebi”)

Tu operis saxiT, xolo mogvianebiT – musikaluri gasarTobebisa da

rok-operebis saxiT. istoriulad TvalnaTliv Cans, Tu rogor aqcia

araeklesiurma, arakanonikurma midgomam saeklesio galoba miwieri

xelovnebis dargad, sulieri – mSvinvierad, saeklesio – erulad,

Tavi II. saeklesio galoba

41

gamoatara renesansis epoqa, moaqcia klasicizmis gavlenaSi, xolo Semdgom,

drois Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva musikaluri mimdinareobebis Temad da

sagnad aqcia. saboloo jamSi igi daeqvemdebara profanuli musikis

kanonebs da sazogadoebasTan erTad gamudmebiT mieltvis modernizms.

samwuxarod, droTa ganmavlobaSi papisturi “eklesiis” zegavlena

zogierT adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiazec gavrcelda, ris gamoc

iq Seicvala TviT kanonikurobis cneba da praqtikulad uariyo misi

aucilebloba. erTi mxriv, es imiT gamovlinda, rom sagaloblebSi saeklesio,

kanonikuri xmebis mixedviT dawerili melodiebi axali musikaluri

formebiT Seicvala, meore mxriv, rac aseve mniSvnelovania, TviT “xmam”

(da, Sesabamisad, “rva xmaTam”) dakarga Tavisi Sinaarsi, xolo sagaloblebs

xmaze miniSneba mxolod formalurad SemorCa. rogorc ivane gardneri

wina TavSi dasaxelebul gamokvlevaSi wers (gv. 78-79, 134-136): “rusuli“rusuli“rusuli“rusuli“rusuli

eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galobis istoriaSi me-17 saukuneSieklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galobis istoriaSi me-17 saukuneSieklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galobis istoriaSi me-17 saukuneSieklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galobis istoriaSi me-17 saukuneSieklesiis saRvTismsaxuro galobis istoriaSi me-17 saukuneSi

da ufro mogvianebiT, dasavluri nimuSis mravalxmiani sagundoda ufro mogvianebiT, dasavluri nimuSis mravalxmiani sagundoda ufro mogvianebiT, dasavluri nimuSis mravalxmiani sagundoda ufro mogvianebiT, dasavluri nimuSis mravalxmiani sagundoda ufro mogvianebiT, dasavluri nimuSis mravalxmiani sagundo

galobis Semotana rusuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi niSnavdagalobis Semotana rusuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi niSnavdagalobis Semotana rusuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi niSnavdagalobis Semotana rusuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi niSnavdagalobis Semotana rusuli eklesiis RvTismsaxurebaSi niSnavda

namdvil revolucias saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi “namdvil revolucias saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi “namdvil revolucias saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi “namdvil revolucias saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi “namdvil revolucias saRvTismsaxuro galobaSi “2.

2. “rvaxmaTa”2. “rvaxmaTa”2. “rvaxmaTa”2. “rvaxmaTa”2. “rvaxmaTa”

2« . . . âú èñòîðèè áîãîñëóæåáíàãî ïåíèÿ ðóññêîé öåðêâè â 17-ìú âåêå è ïîçæå,ââåäåíèå ìíîãîãîëîñíàãî õîðîâîãî ïåíèÿ ïî çàïàäíîìó îáðàçöó âú áîãîñëóæåíèåðóññêîé öåðêâè, îçíà÷àëî íàñòîÿùóþ ðåâîëþöèþ â áîãîñëóæåáíîì ïåíèè.”3 zogierT adgilobriv eklesiaSi mogvianebiT Seiqmna sagalobelTa sistemebi, romelTagan

zogi arakanonikurad (anu ara damaskeliseuli xmebis mixedviT), zogic formalurad

eqvemdebareba rvaxmaTas princips. pirvelTa magaliTia “znameni raspevi”, meoreTa –

e.w. partesuli galoba.

rogorc wina TavSi aRvniSneT, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonikuri

galoba RvTivgamocxadebiTi xasiaTis matarebelia. igi eklesiis wminda

gadmocemis sferos ganekuTvneba. misi Camoyalibebisa da kanonikur

galobad dadgenis procesi, daviTis fsalmunTgalobidan moyolebuli,

wm. ioane damaskelis RvawliTa da marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi kanonikur

galobad dadgeniT damTavrebuli, qristes eklesiis wminda istoriis

Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. masve ganekuTvneba eklesiis wm. mamaTa,

himnograf-kompozitorTa Semoqmedeba, romlis Sedegadac sagalobelTa

repertuari ganivrco da sisrule SeiZina. mTeli es procesi, romelic

eklesiis wiaRSi mimdinareobda, suliwmidis mier warimarTeboda da

dadasturebulia mravali saswauliT, macxovrisa da mociqulTa piradi

magaliTiTa da yovladwmida RvTismSoblis kurTxevebiT. am wminda

gadmocemis Tanaxmad, qristes eklesiis kanonikur galobas wm. ioane

damaskelis mir dadgenili kanonikiT, damaskelisa da sxva SemoqmedTa

Seqmnili galoba warmoadgens. qristes eklesiis galobis kanonikurobis

erT-erT mTavar princi ps damaskeliseuli “rvaxmaTas” princi pi3

42

warmoadgens, rac mkafiod da calsaxadaa asaxuli da daculi eklesiis

tipikonsa da saRvTismsaxurebo wignebSi (ix. am Tavis bolos).

“rvaxmaTas” xmebi – es aris wm. ioane damaskelis mier dadgenili xmebi

(ix. qvemoT), amasTan, termini “xma” swored musikalur mxares aRwers,

da ara teqstualurs4. damaskeliseuli “rvaxmaTas” kanonikuri xmebis

Sesaxeb qvemoTa TavebSi visaubrebT. aq ki davsZenT, rom damaskeliseul

rvaxmaTaSi aisaxa RvTismsaxurebis cikluroba da ritmuloba, xolo

Tavad xmebSi – Sesaqmis simbolika.

“rvaxmaTas” xmebis daxasiaTeba rvaobiTobasTan, rvaobasTan aris

dakavSirebuli. saeklesio “rvaxmaTas” idea Tavisi fesvebiT bibliuri

warsulis siRrmeebs swvdeba da samyaros warmoSobis – Sesaqmis

Svideuls ukavSirdeba. ase, magaliTad, pirveli xma Seesabameba pirveli

dRis naTels. dRis sinaTle ki qristes naTeli da brwyinvale aRdgomis

winasaxea. swored pirvel xmaSi dawera ioane damaskelma paseqis kanoni,

romelic dRemde ucvlelad igalobeba qristes eklesiaSi. aRdgoma

dRis sadResaswaulo msaxureba ZiriTadad pirveli xmis

sagaloblebisagan Sedgeba. pirveli xmis melodiebSi gamosWvivis

aRdgomis brwyinvaleba, moismis zeciur ZalTa galoba, romliTac adideben

aRdgomas, aRdgomili mxsnelis meufebas.

amgvarad, “rvaxmaTas” xmebSi simbolurad (musikaluri JReradobis

TvalsazrisiT, musikalur-emociuri intonaciebis TvalsazrisiT,

melodiurad, niuansurad da a.S.) aisaxa Sesaqmis dReebi, maTi esa Tu is

niSani. magaliTad, meSvide xmaSi aisaxa RmerTSi maradiuli gansvenebis

(SabaTi) dRe. rac Seexeba merve xmas, igi caTa sasufevlis, yovelives

aRsrulebis, maradiuli zeimis dRes ukavSirdeba. am xmis sagaloblebi

aris sasufevlis mozeime galobis anarekli. mis melodiebSi yvelaze

naklebadaa sinanulisa da glovis elementi da gansakuTrebuli silamaziT,

ubraloebiT, simsubuqiT gamoirCevian. didi saeklesio dResaswaulebis

mravali sagalobeli swored merve xmaSia dawerili.

aRniSvnis Rirsia aseve Sesaqmis aRmweris mier yoveli dRis

dasrulebis daskvniTi nawili: “da iqmna mwuxri, da iqmna ganTiad” (Ses.

1, 5). saRamos, mwuxris msxverplis idea daedo safuZvlad Cvens

RvTismsaxurebas (“waremarTen locva� Cemi viTarca sakumeveli Sen

winaSe, aRpyroba� �elTa CemTa� msxuerpl samwuxrod” (fs. 140, 2)):

saeklesio RvTismsaxurebis dRe iwyeba saRamos, mwuxrze; am droidanve

iwyeba rvaxmaTas axali (xmaTa ciklSi rigiT Semdegi) saeklesio xma,

da saerTod, saeklesio dResaswauli. aseTia saeklesio rvaxmaTas pirveli,

uZvelesi safuZveli.

4 rogorc es formalur sistemebSi miaCniaT. magaliTad, partesul galobaSi

rvaxmaTas musikaluri xmebi ar arsebobs, arc damaskeliseuli, arc sxva raime

gagebiT.

43

damaskeliseul ~rvaxmaTas~ principTan erTad bizantiuri galobis

kanonikurobis erT-erTi niSania aseve misi, rogorc sagalobelTa sistemis,

sisrule da tipikonTan Sesabamisoba. es imaSi mdgomareobs, rom

sagalobelTa am sistemiT SesaZlebelia RvTismsaxureba Catardes

srulyofilad, mTeli sisavsiT, saRvTismsaxuro wignebisa da tipikonis

Sesabamisad, ise, rom maT mimarT wayenebuli moTxovnebi srulad iqnas

daculi. es moTxovnebi Seexeba rogorc sagaloblebis xmebTan

Sesabamisobas, aseve sagalobelTa moculobis sisrules.

sagalobelTa kanonikuri, damaskeliseuli sistema Ria sistemas

warmoadgens, rac imas niSnavs, rom am kanonikiT dRemde iqmneba sagaloblebi

da momavalSic Seiqmneba. sxva saWiroebebTan erTad, axal sagalobelTa

Seqmnis aucilebloba iqidanac momdinareobs, rom axal wmindanTa

kanonizaciis Sedegad saWiro xdeba am wmindanisaTvis msaxurebis Sedgena:

tropar-kondakebis, dasdeblebis, kanonis da sxva nawarmoebebis Seqmna.

qarTul sinamdvilesTan dakavSirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos

adgilobriv eklesiaSi daikarga rogorc kanonikuri (bizantiuri) galoba,

aseve (SesaZloa masTan erTad) - mravali wmindanis gangebac, anu maTi

xsenebis dResTan dakavSirebuli msaxureba. sanam damaskeliseul xmebs

ganvixilavdeT, windawin aRvniSnavT, rom damaskeliseul kanonikur

sistemaSi, sxva sistemebTan (magaliTad, partesul galobasTan) SedarebiT,

axali sagaloblebis Seqmna gaiolebulia, radgan damaskeliseuli

kanonikis mixedviT yovel xmaSi gansazRvrulia yvela ZiriTadi kanonikuri

melodiuri formula, aseve – sxva elementebi da komponirebis wesebi.

3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi

pirveli, rac unda iTqvas, aris is, rom saeklesio kanonikuri galoba

mkacrad vokaluria. warmarTuli ritualebisa da papisturi

msaxurebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlebic iyenebdnen da iyeneben instrumentul

Tanxlebas, marTlmadidebelma eklesiam instrumentis eklesiaSi Setanaze

uari Tqva. zogierTi avtori (Ðàçóìîâñêèé Ä. Â., Öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå âúÐîññèè, 1867 ã.) amas marTlmadidebeli eklesiis asketuri miswrafebebiT

xsnis. aseTi axsna eklesiis mamaTa swavlebebs efuZneba, romelTa mixedviT

qristianebi RmerTs adideben ara usulo da usicocxlo instrumentebis,

aramed ukeTilSobilesi da bunebrivi instrumentis _ xmis saSualebiT.

aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi es tradicia, rogorc sayovelTao kanoni,

berZnul-bizantiuri eklesiidan gavrcelda.

ra Tqma unda, galobis vokalur bunebasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs

sxva mniSvnelovani argumentebic, magram Cven am sakiTxs aq veRar

ganvavrcobT. aRvniSnavT oden, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

RvTismsaxurebaSi musikaluri elementi mxolod sityvasTan erTad

44

daiSveba da emociur xasiaTs aniWebs mis konkretul, logikur Sinaarss.

amitom mniSvnelovania musikaluri elementi iyos sityvis Tanafardi,

misi Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi, misTvis iseTi emociuri xasiaTis mimniWebeli,

romelic misaRebia eklesiisaTvis, RvTismsaxurebis RvTaebrivi

daniSnulebisaTvis, mlocveli sulebisaTvis. es xels Seuwyobs

mlocvelTa mier sityvebis ukeT aRqmas, gaaZlierebs mlocvelebze

zemoqmedebas, marTlmadideblebSi aRZravs wrfel da sufTa grZnobebs,

iqneba es sasoebis sixaruli Tu sinanulis cremli.

Mimis gamo, rom musikalur mxares aqvs aseTi sapasuxismgeblo

daniSnuleba da mis mimarT wayenebulia aseTi didi moTxovnebi,

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi galoba kanonizaciis process daeqvemdebara

da wm. mamebma es sakiTxi tipikonSi Seitanes. zemoTqmuli procesi,

romelic Zveli aRTqmis eklesiaSi daiwyo, qristes eklesiaSi 7

saukune gagrZelda: mociqulTa droidan wm. ioane damaskelis dromde,

aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi kanonikuri galobis Camoyalibeba-dadginebamde.

giorgi i. papadopulosi5 Tavis sayovelTaod cnobil wignSi aRniSnavs:

“RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma“RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma“RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma“RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma“RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma

musikosma, mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivimusikosma, mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivimusikosma, mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivimusikosma, mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivimusikosma, mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivi

saxis fsalmodiasaxis fsalmodiasaxis fsalmodiasaxis fsalmodiasaxis fsalmodia66666 da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da

kanonizacias. man rva xmis mixedviT Seadgina rvaxmaTakanonizacias. man rva xmis mixedviT Seadgina rvaxmaTakanonizacias. man rva xmis mixedviT Seadgina rvaxmaTakanonizacias. man rva xmis mixedviT Seadgina rvaxmaTakanonizacias. man rva xmis mixedviT Seadgina rvaxmaTa77777. es. es. es. es. es

xmebi nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovanixmebi nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovanixmebi nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovanixmebi nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovanixmebi nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovani

saxeobis melodiebiTsaxeobis melodiebiTsaxeobis melodiebiTsaxeobis melodiebiTsaxeobis melodiebiT88888, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg

Tavisi SinaarsiT ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs.Tavisi SinaarsiT ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs.Tavisi SinaarsiT ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs.Tavisi SinaarsiT ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs.Tavisi SinaarsiT ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs.

Rirsi mama win aRudga ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel,Rirsi mama win aRudga ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel,Rirsi mama win aRudga ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel,Rirsi mama win aRudga ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel,Rirsi mama win aRudga ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel,

boboqar melodiebs, romlebic iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs,boboqar melodiebs, romlebic iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs,boboqar melodiebs, romlebic iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs,boboqar melodiebs, romlebic iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs,boboqar melodiebs, romlebic iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs,

mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da datova iseTi melodiebi,mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da datova iseTi melodiebi,mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da datova iseTi melodiebi,mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da datova iseTi melodiebi,mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da datova iseTi melodiebi,

romlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa da sinanuls. manromlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa da sinanuls. manromlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa da sinanuls. manromlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa da sinanuls. manromlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa da sinanuls. man

ubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa, romelicubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa, romelicubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa, romelicubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa, romelicubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa, romelic

Sedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan, da TiToeul nawilsSedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan, da TiToeul nawilsSedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan, da TiToeul nawilsSedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan, da TiToeul nawilsSedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan, da TiToeul nawils

saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli”.saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli”.saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli”.saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli”.saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli”. (giorgi i. papadopulosi,

“bizantiuri saeklesio musikis istoriuli mimoxilva mociqulTa

xanidan Cvens dromde” (1-1900 ax.w), gamomc. “tertios”, katerini, 1-li

5 giorgi i. papadopulosi - giorgi i. papadopulosi - giorgi i. papadopulosi - giorgi i. papadopulosi - giorgi i. papadopulosi - qristes didi eklesiis didi protektikosi da

konstantinepolis eklesiis musikaluri skolis direqtori, cxovrobda da

moRvaweobda XIX-XX ss.6 fsalmodia, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, fsalmunTgalobas niSnavs. pirvel saukuneebSi

ZiriTadad fsalmunebs galobdnen. amitom fsalmodia galobis sinonimad damkvidrda.7 oqtoiqosi, igive paraklitoni.8 Tavis mxriv, Zveli berZnuli musika, misi kiloebi da melodiebi nasazrdoebia sxva

xalxebis kilo-melodiebiT: dorielebis, frigielebis, lidielebis da sxv. aseve,

bizantiuri xelovnebis CamoyalibebaSi monawileobdnen bizantiis imperiis sivrceSi

moqceuli da mis gareT myofi xalxebi: sirielebi, arabebi, ebraelebi, qarTvelebi,

somxebi, da sxva.

45

gamocema, aTeni., 1904 w. Tavi: Sua saukuneebis saeklesio musika (700-

1453), periodi me-3, ioane damaskeli – RvT. bizantiuri musikis

momwesrigebeli da ganmaaxlebeli).

eklesiaSi galobis Camoyalibebis, kanonizaciis, srulyofisa da

ganvrcobis procesi RvTivgamocxadebiT xasiaTs atarebda da mravali

saswauliT aRiniSna. amis Sesaxeb sxva publikaciebSi iTqva da momavalSic

iTqmeba, amitom aq sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT; aRvniSnavT mxolod, rom

bizantiuri galobis kanonikurobis erT-erTi mTavari niSani aris is,

rom mTel aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi kanonikur galobad swored is iqna

dadgenili da gavrcelebuli, - rac istoriulad da qronologiurad

wm. ioane damaskelis sicocxleSive ganxorcielda. giorgi i.

papadopulosi zemoT dasaxelebul wignSi aRniSnavs: “aqve davsZendiT “aqve davsZendiT “aqve davsZendiT “aqve davsZendiT “aqve davsZendiT

imasac , rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalmaimasac , rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalmaimasac , rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalmaimasac , rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalmaimasac , rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma

sagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebissagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebissagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebissagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebissagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis

cikli. amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidancikli. amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidancikli. amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidancikli. amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidancikli. amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan

ganexila wm. saba ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganexila wm. saba ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganexila wm. saba ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganexila wm. saba ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganexila wm. saba ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tipikoni,pikoni,pikoni,pikoni,pikoni, romelic romelic romelic romelic romelic

moicavs ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmacmoicavs ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmacmoicavs ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmacmoicavs ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmacmoicavs ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac

gadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamdegadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamdegadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamdegadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamdegadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde

TiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monastersTiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monastersTiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monastersTiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monastersTiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters

sakuTarsakuTarsakuTarsakuTarsakuTari tii tii tii tii ti pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda, xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. ioane damaskelisoane damaskelisoane damaskelisoane damaskelisoane damaskelis

SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”.

moyvanil amonaridSi metad mniSvnelovania miniSneba eklesiis

erTianobaze9, rac aseve kanonikurobis erT-erTi mTavari niSania. kanonikis

erTianoba ganamtkicebda eklesiis erTianobas, vinaidan, rogorc i.

voznesenski wers: “gansxvavebas RvTismsaxurebasa da galobaSi“gansxvavebas RvTismsaxurebasa da galobaSi“gansxvavebas RvTismsaxurebasa da galobaSi“gansxvavebas RvTismsaxurebasa da galobaSi“gansxvavebas RvTismsaxurebasa da galobaSi

yvelgan da yovelTvis mivyavarT qristianuli sazogadoebebisyvelgan da yovelTvis mivyavarT qristianuli sazogadoebebisyvelgan da yovelTvis mivyavarT qristianuli sazogadoebebisyvelgan da yovelTvis mivyavarT qristianuli sazogadoebebisyvelgan da yovelTvis mivyavarT qristianuli sazogadoebebis

gaTiSvisaken”gaTiSvisaken”gaTiSvisaken”gaTiSvisaken”gaTiSvisaken” 10. . . . . (Ïðîòîèåðåé È. Âîçíåñåíñêèé «Î âûñîêîìäîñòîèíñòâå è áëàãîòâîðíîì âëèÿíèè íà ëþäåé öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ»,Êèåâ, 1897 ã).

9 Cveni zogierTi mosazreba eklesiis erTianobis Sesaxeb moyvanilia I damatebaSi,am Tavis bolos10 “. . . ðàçíîñòü áîãîñëóæåíè è íàïåâîâ âñåãäà è âåçäå âåäåò ê ðàçúåäèíåíèþõðèñòèàíñêèõ îáùåñòâ”

naTqvams davamatebT, rom kanonikuri galobis ganviTarebisa da

Camoyalibebis procesi mimdinareobda bizantiis marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis wiaRSi, romlis drosac galobam SeiTvisa bizantiis imperiaSi

Semavali xalxebis musikaluri kulturis elementebi, daiwminda, Seivso,

sruliyo sxvadasxva erovnebis wminda mamebis mier da aRmosavleTis

eklesiis kanonikur galobad dadginda. amitom dResac, ama Tu im eris

zogierTi warmomadgenlis pretenziisa Tu survilis miuxedavad, iwodeba

bizantiurad da ara berZnul, ebraul, palestinur Tu siriul galobad.

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis msaxurebebi araCveulebrivad mdidaria

sxvadasxva Sinaarsisa da teqstebis sagaloblebiTa da saeklesio-

46

samgaloblo formebiT. es sagaloblebi CarTulia sxvadasxva locvebsa

da sakiTxavebs Soris, Tanmxlebia gamosvlebisa, sxvadasxva saxis

msvlelobebisa (procesiebisa), erTveba fsalmunis leqsebs Soris

dadgenili rigisa da wesebis Sesabamisad. Tavisi SinaarsiT sagalobelebi

msmenelTa yuradRebasa da fiqrebs unda mimarTavdnen mTavari Temisaken,

romelsac Seicavs dResaswaulisa Tu wmindanis xsovnisadmi miZRvnili

teqstebi; msmenelT marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis dogmatebs unda

aswavlidnen poeturi, galobisaTvis adaptirebuli, magram dogmaturad

umwikvlo formiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sagaloblebi, romlebic

RvTismsaxurebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia da asaxavs mis

Sinaarss, galobisaTvis mosaxerxebeli formiT moicavs marTlmadidebli

eklesiis saRvTismetyvelo swavlebas. amrigad, sakmarisia msaxurebisas

damswrem yuradRebiT usminos galobasa da sakiTxavebs, rom sarwmunoebisa

da RvTismetyvelebis Sesaxeb ZiriTadi, Zireuli swavlebani miiRos.

sagaloblis teqstTan organulad dakavSirebuli da Serwymuli

kanonikuri melodia ki imis saSualebas iZleva, rom sagaloblis Sinaarsi

Rrmad CaebeWdos msmenels mexsierebasa da cnobierebaSi, da imavdroulad

misces mas emociuri ganmarteba sityvisa, romelsac is msaxurebisas

ismens.

musikaluri elementis, melodiis teqstTan kavSirisa da Sesabamisobis

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb wm. basili didi aRniSnavs11: ~vinaidan suliwmidamvinaidan suliwmidamvinaidan suliwmidamvinaidan suliwmidamvinaidan suliwmidam

icoda, rom Zneli iqneboda adamianTa modgmis saTnoebis gziTicoda, rom Zneli iqneboda adamianTa modgmis saTnoebis gziTicoda, rom Zneli iqneboda adamianTa modgmis saTnoebis gziTicoda, rom Zneli iqneboda adamianTa modgmis saTnoebis gziTicoda, rom Zneli iqneboda adamianTa modgmis saTnoebis gziT

tareb a , . . . sw a vleb as Seurevs g alobistare b a , . . . sw a vleb as Seurevs g alobistare b a , . . . sw a vleb as Seurevs g alobistare b a , . . . sw a vleb as Seurevs g alobistare b a , . . . sw a vleb as Seurevs g alobis ( ( ( ( (µελωδιαµελωδιαµελωδιαµελωδιαµελωδια)))))

tkbilxmova n e b as , raTa yurisTvis da m atkbobelTan datkbilxmova n e b as , raTa yurisTvis da m atkbobelTan datkbilxmova n e b as , raTa yurisTvis da m atkbobelTan datkbilxmova n e b as , raTa yurisTvis da m atkbobelTan datkbilxmova n e b as , raTa yurisTvis da m atkbobelTan da

keTilxmovanTan erTad SeumCnevlad miviRoT isic, rac ariskeTilxmovanTan erTad SeumCnevlad miviRoT isic, rac ariskeTilxmovanTan erTad SeumCnevlad miviRoT isic, rac ariskeTilxmovanTan erTad SeumCnevlad miviRoT isic, rac ariskeTilxmovanTan erTad SeumCnevlad miviRoT isic, rac aris

sityvaSi~.sityvaSi~.sityvaSi~.sityvaSi~.sityvaSi~. anu galobaSi suliwmidis mier daSvebuli musikaluri

elementi _ melodia unda emsaxurebodes msmenelamde sityvis mitanas

da xels uwyobdes sityvis Sinaarsis, misi mniSvnelobis SeTvisebas.

amgvarad, raki saRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens sityvas, aJRerebuls

musikaluri bgerebis, melodiebis saSualebiT, romlebic aZleven mas

gamomsaxvelobas da aZliereben mis emociur mxares, amitom gasagebia,

rom musikaluri elementi unda imarTebodes sityvebiT da am sityvebiT

gamoxatuli ideebiT12. davubrundeT Cvens ZiriTad Temas. marTlmadidebel

eklesiaSi nebismieri RvTismsaxureba galobis TanxlebiT aResruleba,

iqneba es galoba Sesrulebuli erTi mgaloblis, mgalobelTa gundis,

Tu yvela damswris mier; da iqneba galoba gamSvenebuli, Tu yvelaze

martivi formiT, - iseTiT, rogoricaa erT bgeraze, erT notze kiTxva

(“recto tono”). marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi, laTinTa msaxurebisagan

11 ix. Ðàçóìîâñêèé Ä. Â., Öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå âú Ðîññèè, 1867 ã, I, ñòð. 2612 garkveuli sirTuleebi warmoiqmneba sagalobelTa Targmnisas. amis Sesaxeb ix.

damateba 2 - “originali da Targmani”

47

gansxvavebiT, ar arsebobs “Cumi mesebi”, anu RvTismsaxureba galobis

gareSe. amitom SeiZleba iTqvas, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesiisrom marTlmadidebeli eklesiisrom marTlmadidebeli eklesiisrom marTlmadidebeli eklesiisrom marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

saRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens TviT RvTismsaxurebissaRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens TviT RvTismsaxurebissaRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens TviT RvTismsaxurebissaRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens TviT RvTismsaxurebissaRvTismsaxuro galoba warmoadgens TviT RvTismsaxurebis

erT-erT foerT-erT foerT-erT foerT-erT foerT-erT formasrmasrmasrmasrmas. es asaxulia tipikonSi da saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi,

romlebSic dadgenilia msaxurebis dros ra, rodis da rogor, romel

xmaSi da romeli melodiiT unda igalobebodes. saeklesio galoba

aris RvTismsaxurebis erT-erTi saxe. misi formebi saRvTismsaxuro

formebiT unda imarTebodes, anu warmoadgendes: qadagebas, locvas,

didebismetyvelebas da a.S. amitom is aris sarwmunoebis safuZvlebis,

dogmatebisa da marTlmadidebluri msoflmxedvelobis swavlebis

qmediTi saSualeba. Tan es swavleba xorcieldeba yvelasaTvis

xelmisawvdomi gziT – sityvis advilad dasamaxsovrebel melodiasTan

SeerTebiT. amgvarad gadmocemuli sityva morwmuneebs Rrmad ebeWdebaT

cnobierebasa da mexsierebaSi.

4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi,4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi,4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi,4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi,4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi,

Sesrulebis xerxebiSesrulebis xerxebiSesrulebis xerxebiSesrulebis xerxebiSesrulebis xerxebi

sagaloblebi SeiZleba davajgufoT misi ori elementis - sityvierisa

da musikaluris mixedviT.

4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli

sagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebi

locviTi (evqologiuri) da imavdroulad didaqtikuri mniSvnelobis

TvalsazrisiT sagaloblebi SeiZleba davyoT Semdeg eqvs jgufad:

4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi

am sagaloblebSi poeturi formiT gadmocemulia marTlmadidebeli

sarwmunoebis swavleba. maT ganekuTvneba, magaliTad, RvTismSoblis

dogmatikonebi, romlebic igalobeba SabaTis mwuxrze, RaRadvyavis bolos,

awda-s Semdeg. dogmatikonebSi galobisTvis misadagebuli poeturi

formiT gadmocemulia dogmaturi swavleba RvTismSoblisagan ieso

qristes gankacebaze. magaliTad, me-5 xmis dogmatikoni:

“zRuasa mas zeda mewamulsa, uqorwineebelisa sZlisa saxe gamoisaxa odesme.

mun iyo mose ganmpebeli wyalTa�, xolo aqa gabriel msaxuri

sakvirvelebisa�.

maSin israili wiaRxda ufskrulsa daultolvelad,

xolo aqa qalwulman gviSva qriste uTeslod.

48

zRua� Semdgomad wiaRslvisa israelTasa daadgra uvalad

da ubiwo� Semdgomad Sobisa emmanuilisa daadgra uxrwnelad.

romeli iyav da pirveliTgan iyav, da gamoCndi viTarca kaci,

Segviwyalen Cven”.

anda, me-2 xmis dogmatikoni, - sagalobelSi Zveli aRTqmis winasaxeebi

gamosWvivis:

“warxda saxe sjulTa maT pirvelTa�,

da gamoCnda madli dRes,

da viTarca mayuali ara Sewua cecxlman aRgzebulman,

egreTve qalwuli ego qalwulad

uvnebelad Semdgomad Sobisa,

suetisa mis wil cecxlisa

mze simarTlisa,

moseswil qriste gamoCnda,

macxovrad sulTa CuenTaTvis”.

4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi

am saxis sagaloblebSi istoriuli faqtebis TxrobasTan erTad

gadmocemulia dogmaturi swavleba. mogvyavs litiis dasdebeli didebaze,

xma me-5, rogorc nimuSi sagaloblisa, romelic mimarTulia msmenelisaken

da romlis Sinaarsi wminda dogmaturi xasiaTisaa:

“sparsTa mefeTa

scnes WeSmaritad

da gulis-xma-yves,

viTarmed iSua meufe caTa�,

brwyinvalisa varskulavisa ZRomiTa,

da moiwivnes beTlems moswrafed,

da ZRueni rCeuli miupyres,

gundruki, muri da oqro� wmida�,

da SiSiT msgavsad meufisa

Tayvanis-sces,

rameTu ixiles

CCvilad dausabamo�”.

4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi

magaliTad: stiqaronis dasdebeli, igalobeba didmarxvis pirveli

Svideulis orSabaTs, mwuxrad, xma g:

49

“vimarxoT marxva�, wmida� saTno� uflisa�.

WeSmariti marxua ars borotTa ucxo yofa,

damWirva� enisa�, aR�r-sxma� guliswyromisa�,

da ganSoreba� borotTa gulis-TqumaTa, da Zviris-zrax�sa,

da tyuilisa, da cru-ficisa.

amaTgan uku� krZalva�,

ars marxva� WeSmariti da saTno�,

da momtevebeli bralTa simravlisa�”.

4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi

am saxis sagaloblis magaliTs warmoadgens aqebdiTis dasdebeli,

romelic igalobeba did SabaTs, xma b:

“dRes Seicavs saflavi dambadebelsa,

da �eliTa Semcvelsa dabadebulTasa,

da Su�nierebiTa damfarvelsa caTasa

dafaravs lodi igi undo� saflavisa�.

daiZinebs cxoreba� da sZrwis jojoxeTi,

da adam sakru�lTagan gani�snebis S�liTurT,

dideba� gangebulebasa Sensa, m�snelo,

romliTa yoveli srulhyav da mogvmadle Cuen,

viTarca RmerT xar, SabaTobad saukunod,

mkudreTiT aRdgoma� Seni, ufalo, dideba� Senda”.

1.1.5. mcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic liturgiulimcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic liturgiulimcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic liturgiulimcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic liturgiulimcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic liturgiuli

moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian

es sagaloblebi, ZiriTadad, mimarTulia msmenelisaken. isini igalobeba

saRvTismsaxuro qmedebebis dros da xsnian maT simbolur mniSvnelobebs.

am saxis sagaloblis magaliTia “romelni qerubimTa”, romelic igalobeba

liturgiaze msxverplSewirvisaTvis momzadebuli purisa da Rvinis

samkveTlodan trapezze gadatanisas:

“romelni qerubimTa saidumlod vemsgavseniT

da cxovelsmyofelisa samebisa samwmida arsobisa galobasa SevswiravT,

yovelive msoflio� dautevoT zrunva�:

ra�Ta SeviwynaroT meufe yovelTa�,�

angelozTa wesTa Soris laxvarmosilTa uxilavad momavali,

aliluia”.

50

4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da

locviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebilocviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebilocviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebilocviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebilocviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebi

am saxis sagalobelTa rigs ganekuTvneba magaliTad, “naTelo

mxiarulo”, romelic igalobeba did mwuxrze RvTismsaxurTa

sakurTxevelSi Sesvlis win:

“naTelo mxiarulo, wmidisa,

ukudavisa mamisa zecaTa�sa,

wmidisa netarisao,

iesu qriste,

mosrulni daslvasa mzisasa,

mxilvelni naTlisa samwuxro�sani,

vaqebT mamasa da Zesa

da wmidasa sulsa RmerTsa,

Rirsmca varT yovelsa Jamsa,

galobad Senda xmiTa tkbiliTa,

Zeo RmrTisao, cxorebis momcemelo,

romlisaTvisca yoveli sofeli Sen gadidebs”.

an sagalobeli, romelic igalobeba liturgiaze wm. ZRvenis gardaqcevis

dros:

“Sen gigalobT,

Sen gakurTxevT,

Sen gmadlobT, ufalo

da gevedrebiT Sen, RmerTo Cueno”.

zemomoyvanili magaliTebidan TvalnaTliv Cans, Tu ramdenad didi

mniSvneloba aqvs msaxurebaze damswreTa damoZRvrisaTvis sagalobelTa

saRvTismsaxuro teqstebs, galobiT gadmocemul sityvas. aseve Cans, Tu

ra mcdaria mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac, TiTqos galoba ZiriTadad

warmoadgens damswreTa smenis damatkbobel da gasarTob saSualebas,

erTgvar “sasuliero musikis koncerts”.

4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli

sagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebisagaloblebi

bizantiuri galoba warmoadgens “xmean” galobas, anu misi sagaloblebi

igalobeba mocemuli dRis tipikoniT gansazRvrul ama Tu im kanonikur

(damaskeliseul) xmaSi, rac saRmrTismsaxuro wignebSi mkafiod aris

miTiTebuli. e. i. saRmrTismsaxuro sagalobels mikuTvnebuli aqvs esa

51

Tu is xma, rac dakavSirebulia mis melodiasTan, anu musikalur elementTan

da ara teqstTan. bolo saukuneebSi damkvidrebulma mravalxmianma

galobam da sagaloblebma “xmeanoba” formalurad SeinarCuna: is ar

asaxavs xmis musikalur, kilo-melodiur Taviseburebas, gansazRvrulobas,

Sesabamisobas damaskeliseuli kanonikis, damaskeliseuli xmebis kilo-

melodiebTan. metic, maT ar aqvT musikaluri niSniT rvaxmianoba.

bizantiuri sagaloblebi urTierTmelodiuri damokidebulebis

mixedviT SeiZleba jgufebad daiyos:

• TviTxmovani (TviTxmovani (TviTxmovani (TviTxmovani (TviTxmovani (idio1meloj - idio1meloj - idio1meloj - idio1meloj - idio1meloj - idiomeloni)idiomeloni)idiomeloni)idiomeloni)idiomeloni) – sagalobeli, romelic

igalobeba sakuTar melodiaze. es melodiebi, rogorc wesi, sxva

sagalobelTaTvis ar warmoadgens nimuSebs, anu am melodiebze,

Cveulebriv, ar igalobeba sxva sagaloblebi. am jgufs ganekuTvneba,

magaliTad, kviris dasdeblebi, didi dResaswaulebis dasdebelebi

da a.S. aris Tu ara TviTxmovani esa Tu is sagalobeli, upiratesad

– dasdebeli, amis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi.

aseTi miTiTeba aweria uSualod sagaloblis teqsts.

• saTviTxmovno , igiv e TviTsamsga vso (saTviTxmovno , igiv e TviTsamsga vso (saTviTxmovno , igiv e TviTsamsga vso (saTviTxmovno , igiv e TviTsamsga vso (saTviTxmovno , igiv e TviTsamsga vso (auto 1meloj -auto 1meloj -auto 1meloj -auto 1meloj -auto 1meloj -automeloni)automeloni)automeloni)automeloni)automeloni) – sagalobeli, romelsac aseve aqvs sakuTari melodia,

oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom misi melodia warmoadgens nimuSs sxva

sagalobelTaTvis (msgavsTaTvis). saxelwodeba – TviTsamsgavso –

mianiSnebs, rom sagaloblis melodia Tavisive Tavis msgavsia, anu

warmoadgens nimuSs. TviTsamsgavsoTa udidesi nawilia Zlispirebis

melodiebi, e.w. irmosebi.

• msgavsi (msgavsi (msgavsi (msgavsi (msgavsi (poso1moioj poso1moioj poso1moioj poso1moioj poso1moioj - prosomiosi)- prosomiosi)- prosomiosi)- prosomiosi)- prosomiosi) – sagalobeli (upiratesad

dasdeblebi da troparebi), romelic igalobeba TviTsamsgavsoTa

melodiiT, anu nimuSis mixedviT. msgavsis teqstis zoma (metrika)

unda Seesatyvisebodes misi pirvelsaxis (prototipis) teqstis

zomas, magram praqtikaSi SeiZleba moxdes gadaxrebi (rogorc

originalSi, aseve da gansakuTrebiT - TargmanebSi). Tu romeli

melodiuri nimuSis mixedviT unda igalobebodes msgavsi, amis Sesaxeb

miTiTebulia saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi, sadac msgavsis teqstebs

wanamZRvris, anu e.w. prologisprologisprologisprologisprologis saxiT aweria TviTsamsgavsoTa teqstis

pirveli sityvebi. amgvarad prologi – esaa sityvieri wanamZRvari,

romelic aris TviTsamsgavsoze miTiTeba. es miTiTeba liturgikul

wignebSi mocemulia am TviTsamsgavso sagaloblis sawyisi sityvebis

saxiT, romelic windarTuli aqvs uSualod msgavsis teqsts. ase

magaliTad, paraklitonsa da sxva saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi mraval

msgavss aweria miTiTeba TviTsamsgavsoze Semdegi wanamZRvris saxiT:

“marjuena� Seni”. Ees niSnavs, rom es msgavsebi igalobeba kviris

ciskris aRdgomis kanonis Zlispiris “marjuena� Seni uZlevelis”

52

melodiaze. rogorc aRvniSneT, TviTsamsgavsoTa udides nawils (80%-

mde) Zlispirebi warmoadgens.

• Zlispiri ( Zlispiri ( Zlispiri ( Zlispiri ( Zlispiri (ei2rmo1jei2rmo1jei2rmo1jei2rmo1jei2rmo1j - irmosi) - irmosi) - irmosi) - irmosi) - irmosi) – esaa kanonis TiToeuli galobis

pirveli troparis melodia, romelic amave galobis danarCeni

troparebisTvis aris saTviTxmovno, TviTsamsgavso. anu TiToeuli

galobis momdevno troparebi warmoadgenen msgavsebs, radgan

igalobebian amave galobis Zlispiris melodiaze. arsebobs krebuli

- irmologioni, romelic sxvadasxva kanonebis Zlispirebs moicavs.

umravles ZlispirTa melodiebi aseve gamoiyeneba sxva msgavsebis

sagaloblad(da ara mxolod kanonis troparebis). dedanSi kanonis

Zlispirsa da mis troparebs toli zomebi (metrika) aqvT, Tumca

xSiria gadaxrebic, gansakuTrebiT sadResaswaulo kanonebSi.

TargmanSi metrikuli Tanafardobebis zustad SenarCuneba, xSir

SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlebelia. amitom msgavsTa galoba Zlispiris

melodiaze garkveul praqtikas moiTxovs. aseTi gagalobebisaTvis

SemuSavebulia garkveuli wesebi da meTodebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba

ara marto TargmanebSi, aramed originalebSic, radgan msgavsis metrika

TviTsamgavsos metrikisagan arc Tu iSviaTad gansxvavdeba.

gvaqvs melodiebis sxvagvari klasifikaciac (sagaloblis tempis

mixedviT):

• swrafi (swrafi (swrafi (swrafi (swrafi (su1ntomojsu1ntomojsu1ntomojsu1ntomojsu1ntomoj - sindomosi) – - sindomosi) – - sindomosi) – - sindomosi) – - sindomosi) – melodiebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba

silaburi tipis sagaloblebSi, anu TiTo marcvals, rogorc wesi,

Seesabameba erTi musikaluri bgera.

• neli (neli (neli (neli (neli (a‘rgosu1ntomoja‘rgosu1ntomoja‘rgosu1ntomoja‘rgosu1ntomoja‘rgosu1ntomoj - argosindomosi) – - argosindomosi) – - argosindomosi) – - argosindomosi) – - argosindomosi) – sazeimo melodiebi,

romlebSic yovel marcvals Seesabameba ori an sami musikaluri

bgera, an ufro grZeli, gamSvenebuli musikaluri fraza.

• Zalian neliZalian neliZalian neliZalian neliZalian neli1313131313 ( ( ( ( (a‘rgoj - a‘rgoj - a‘rgoj - a‘rgoj - a‘rgoj - argosi)argosi)argosi)argosi)argosi) – Zlispiris tipis damuSavebuli

an sxva saxis gamSvenebuli melodia, romelSic sityvis marcvali

SeiZleba igalobebodes mravali musikaluri bgeris gamoyenebiT.

amave saxiT igalobeba e.w. kratimebi – “kratimebi – “kratimebi – “kratimebi – “kratimebi – “terirem”, “to-to”, “anena”

da sxva. esaa grZeli, gamSvenebuli sagaloblebi, romlebic erTi

romelime sityvis (“““““terirem”, “to-to”, “anena”) marcvlebze

igalobeba.

gvaqvs melodiebis sxvagvari dajgufebac (sagalobelTa saxeobebis

(ix. qvemoT) mixedviT):

• Zlispiris saxis (e.w. irmologiuri – Zlispiris saxis (e.w. irmologiuri – Zlispiris saxis (e.w. irmologiuri – Zlispiris saxis (e.w. irmologiuri – Zlispiris saxis (e.w. irmologiuri – ei2rmologika1ei2rmologika1ei2rmologika1ei2rmologika1ei2rmologika1) ) ) ) ) –

melodiebi, romlebic kanonis troparebisnairad igalobeba.

irmologiuri sagaloblebi mokle melodiebisagan Sedgeba. Zlispiris

saxis sagalobeli silaburi wyobisaa, e.i. TiToeul marcvals, rogorc

wesi, erTi musikaluri bgera Seesabameba. iSviaT SemTxvevaSi marcvalze

13. zogjer sagalobelTa am jgufs tkbilxmovanebsac (kalofonika) uwodeben.

53

SeiZleba ramdenime bgera modiodes. es gansakuTrebiT damasrulebel

musikalur frazebSi (kadenciebSi) xdeba. sagalobelTa am jgufSi

Sedian: swrafi “RaRadvyavebi” (Kekraga1ria) da swrafi “yoveli

sulebi” (Pasapnoa1ria), stiqaronisa da aRvivseniTis dasdeblebi

(e.w. apostiqebi, - ta2 @Apo1stica), swrafi “dideba maRalianebi”

(doxologi1a), kanonebi, troparebi da kondakebi, da a.S. Tavis mxriv,irmologiuri sagaloblebis melodiebSi ori jgufi gamoiyofa:

swrafi da neli katavasiebi.

• dasdeblis ti dasdeblis ti dasdeblis ti dasdeblis ti dasdeblis tipis (pis (pis (pis (pis (Stichrika1Stichrika1Stichrika1Stichrika1Stichrika1))))) - - - - - SedarebiT neli melodiebi,

romlebSic TiToeul marcvals eTanadeba ori an sami (iSviaTad

meti) musikaluri bgera. am jgufs ganekuTvneba neli “RaRadvyavebi”

da neli “yoveli sulebi”, aseve neli “dideba maRalianebi” da

didebis muxlebi (e.w. doqsastikebi - doxastika1) da a.S.

TviTxmovnebi yovelTvis dasdeblis stilSi igalobeba.

• gamSvenebuli (e.w. papadikuri, anu samRvdelo (gamSvenebuli (e.w. papadikuri, anu samRvdelo (gamSvenebuli (e.w. papadikuri, anu samRvdelo (gamSvenebuli (e.w. papadikuri, anu samRvdelo (gamSvenebuli (e.w. papadikuri, anu samRvdelo (Papadika1Papadika1Papadika1Papadika1Papadika1))))))))))– – – – – esaa damuSavebuli, neli, melizmaturi sagaloblebi, neli dasdeblis

an damuSavebuli Zlispiris tipis, romlebic gamoiyeneba yvelaze

grZel da gamSvenebul sagaloblebSi, rogoricaa sazeimo qerubikonebi,

“ganicadeni” da sxva. am jgufis sagaloblebSi sityvis marcvalze

SeiZleba mTeli musikaluri fraza igalobebodes.

aseve gvaqvs melodiebis klasifikacia maTi emociuri xasiaTis mixedviT:

• diastaltikuridiastaltikuridiastaltikuridiastaltikuridiastaltikuri – mxiaruli melodiebi

• sistaltikuri sistaltikuri sistaltikuri sistaltikuri sistaltikuri – mwuxare, tkiviliani melodiebi

• isixastikuri isixastikuri isixastikuri isixastikuri isixastikuri – wynari, naTeli melodiebi.

4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi

4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi

rogorc aRvniSneT, saRvTismsaxuro galobis Camoyalibebis

mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens RvTismsaxurebis wesi, RvTismsaxurebis

dros mimdinare qmedebebi da saidumlo moqmedebebi. mravali sagalobeli,

gansakuTrebiT liturgiaze, saidumlo locvebis dros sruldeba (anu

im locvebis dros, romelsac kiTxuloben RvTismsaxurni Cumad, TavisTvis)

da wydeba RvTismsaxurTa asamaRleblebiT, romlebic sagaloblebTan

erTad qmnian musikalur mTlianobas. zogierTi sagalobeli taZris

garSemo Tu taZris SigniT sasuliero pirTa msvlelobebis dros

sruldeba. amitom sagaloblebi, Sesrulebis adgilisa da drois mixedviT,

unda Seesabamebodes RvTismsaxurebis im epizods, romelsac isini Tan

sdeven an asaxaven.

54

marTlmadidebluri RvTismsaxurebis sistemaSi mwuxri da ciskari

gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva Tavisi didaqtikuri (swavlebiTi, qadagebiTi)

xasiaTiT. es msaxurebebi mdidaria sagalobelTa cvalebadi himnografiuli

teqstebiT. am msaxurebebis dros, romelTa ZiriTad nawils fsalmunTa

galoba warmoadgens, fsalmunTa leqsebs Soris sagalobelTa saxiT

CaerTveba mdidari didaqtikuri da evqologiuri masala. es sagaloblebi

gamudmebiT icvleba kviris xmisa da dRis mixedviT da gadmoscems am

dRis mTavar saRvTismsaxuro Sinaarss, da mlocvelis azri, romelic

sagaloblis Sinaarss swvdeba, garkveuli mimarTulebiT mihyavs. am

sagaloblebSia moqceuli mocemuli dRis da RvTismsaxurebis ZiriTadi

ideuri Sinaarsi. liturgiaSi aseTi cvalebadi didaqtikuri masala

SedarebiT mcirea. isic gamoiyeneba mxolod mis pirvel nawilSi,

kaTakmevelTa liturgiaSi, maSin rodesac marTalTa liturgia am mxriv

ucvlelia da Tavisi SinaarsiT mTlianad evqologiur xasiaTs atarebs.

amrigad, RvTismsaxurebaSi sagalobelTa melodiuri mravalferovneba -

xmaTa, xmis melodiaTa, Sesrulebis saxeTa sxvadasxvaoba – ZiriTadad

mJRavndeba mwuxrsa da ciskarSi.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, RvTismsaxureba eklesiaSi rva xmazea

gawyobili. rva xma ganisazRvreba rogorc kalendarulad da

liturgikulad, aseve musikaluradac. yoveli dRis tipikonis gansazRvra

emyareba rva kviris ciklur monacvleobas, romelSic TiToeul kviras

Tavisi sakuTari xma aqvs. amgvarad, wlis yovel kvirasa da kviris

yovel dRes aqvs gansazRvruli xma. ama Tu im dRis RvTismsaxurebis

ZiriTadi sagaloblebi igalobeba am dRisTvis gansazRvrul kanonikur

xmaSi, Tumca, saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi arsebuli miTiTebebis Sesabamisad,

rigi sagaloblebisa igalobeba sxva xmebSic. es, ZiriTadad, is

sagaloblebia (mag. sadResaswaulo sagaloblebi), romelTa melodiebic

ar icvleba xmebis mixeedviT, romelTac aqvT sakuTari, gansazRvruli

da ucvleli xmebi da am xmebSi dawerili melodiebi. SesaZloa, romelime

aseT sagalobels ramdenime sakuTari melodiac hqondes - im kanonikur

xmaSi dawerili, romelic gansazRvrulia am sagaloblisTvis. es

melodiebi Semonaxulia eklesiis mier da Taobidan Taobas gadaecema.

4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi

sazogadod, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis yoveli kanonikuri

sagalobeli romelime kanonikur xmaSia dawerili. sxva sityvebiT,

kanonikuri xmis gareSe kanonikuri sagalobeli ar arsebobs. rigi

sagaloblebis teqstebi da melodiebi xmebis mixedviT icvleba, zogisa

mxolod melodiebi icvleba xmebis mixedviT, xolo teqsti ucvlelia,

55

zogisa ki ucvlelia rogorc teqstebi, ise melodiebi - maTTvis

gansazRvrul xmaSi dawerili.

RvTismsaxurebaSi sityvis musikaluri gaformeba SeiZleba or jgufad

daiyos:

1. erTi mkiTxvelis, an mgaloblis, an RvTismsaxuris mier Sesruleba.

am jgufs miekuTvneba fsalmunTa kiTxva da ekfonetika - is, rac

ar SeiZleba Sesruldes gundis mier. aq gvaqvs sami saxeoba:

a) kiTxva _ magaliTad, wminda werilis, samociqulosa da saxarebis

kiTxva, romelic ukve moicavs sustad gamoxatul musikalur

elements:

b) mokle locvebisa da asamaRleblebis aRvlena; magaliTad,

kvereqsebi da asamaRleblebi;

g) gamRerebebi, anu raime locviTi sityvis gamRerebiT warmoTqma;

magaliTad kananarxis warTqmebi da misT.;

2. gunduri Sesruleba.

sanam saRvTismsaxuro galobis konkretul formebze visaubrebT,

jer SevexoT sakuTriv musikalur fenomens, musikalur stiqias

RvTismsaxurebaSi da daviwyoT misi umartivesi formebidan, rogoricaa

aklamaciebi, kiTxva erT tonze da asamaRleblebi. es gradaciebi ar

warmoadgens mkacri gagebiT galobas, magram isini ukve aRarc metyvelebas

ekuTvnian. imis gamo, rom RvTismsaxurebisas Cveulebrivi metyvelebis

intonaciis manera, aseve teqstis kiTxvis deklamaciuri14 wesi (mxatvruli

kiTxvis manera) ar gamoiyeneba, amitom, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom yoveli

RvTismsaxureba mimdinareobs ama Tu im formis musikaluri elementis

TanxlebiT. magaliTad, umartivesi forma – erT tonSi kiTxva Cveulebrivi

metyvelebisagan ramdenime niSniT gansxvavdeba. kerZod:

• tonis mudmivi simaRle, romelzec teqsti ikiTxeba;

• ramdenadme (mcired) gagrZeleba xmovnebisa, romlebic ar arRveven

kiTxvis dinamikas da ar arian iseTi ~feTqebadni~, rogorc

Cveulebrivi metyvelebisas, romlis drosac xmovnebis grZlivoba

umniSvneloa da, miuxedavad am simoklisa, maTi tonaluri simaRleebi

TviT am xmovnebis grZlivobis farglebSic ki gansxvavebulia.

4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba.4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba.4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba.4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba.4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba.

RvTismsaxurebis dros saeklesio tipikoniT gaTvaliswinebulia

galobis Sesrulebis sxvadasxva saxe, maT Soris, sagaloblis gunduri

14 msaxurebisas zogierTi locva Cveulebrivi salaparako eniT warmoiTqmeba. aseTia,

magaliTad, mrwamsi, mamao Cveni da sxva. Zveli tradiciiT, romelic Semonaxulia

aTonis mTaze, rodesac fsalmuni ar sruldeba galobiT, aramed ikiTxeba, aseve

Cveulebriv salaparako enas iyeneben.

56

Sesruleba (ukidures SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxva saSualeba ar arsebobs,

gundisTvis gankuTvnili sagalobeli SeiZleba erTi mgaloblis mierac

Sesruldes). gamovyofT sagalobelTa gunduri, erToblivi Sesrulebis

xuT saxes.

1. antifonuri saxe1. antifonuri saxe1. antifonuri saxe1. antifonuri saxe1. antifonuri saxe

sagaloblis am saxiT SesrulebisaTvis, rogorc wesi, gansazRvrulia

ori gundi. isini ganlagdebian kankelis marjvniv da marcxniv, taZris

ambionis napirebis gaswvriv (aTonis mTaze – umTavresad marjvena da

marcxena (samxreTisa da CrdiloeTis) gverdiT afsidebSi).

marjvena da marcxena gundebi rigrigobiT, mimogdebiT galoben

sagaloblebs (mag. dasdeblebs, kanonis troparebs da a.S.) an erTi

sagaloblis nawilebs (magaliTad, fsalmunis muxlebs an grZeli

sagaloblis nawilebs).

2. epifonur2. epifonur2. epifonur2. epifonur2. epifonuri an ii an ii an ii an ii an i pofonurpofonurpofonurpofonurpofonuri saxei saxei saxei saxei saxe

saxelwodeba momdinareobs berZnuli sityvebidan e3pi‘ fwnh‘ e3pi‘ fwnh‘ e3pi‘ fwnh‘ e3pi‘ fwnh‘ e3pi‘ fwnh‘ dau2po‘ fwnh‘u2po‘ fwnh‘u2po‘ fwnh‘u2po‘ fwnh‘u2po‘ fwnh‘. . . . . pirveli, epifoni, niSnavs fsalmunis yoveli muxlis win

ucvleli wanamReris wamZRvarebas, anu winamRers (mag., “kurTxeul xar

Sen, ufalo, maswaven me simarTleni Senni”). meore, ipofoni, ki niSnavs

fsalmunis yoveli muxlis Semdeg minamReris darTvas, anu minamRers

(mag., “aliluia”, an “gvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RvTisao . . .”, an “meoxebiTa

RmrTismSobelisa�Ta . . .” da a.S.).

3. responsoruli saxe3. responsoruli saxe3. responsoruli saxe3. responsoruli saxe3. responsoruli saxe

es niSnavs gundis an mrevlis mier ucvleli teqstiT pasuxebs

mRvdlis an medaviTnis asamaRleblebze. magaliTad:

a) kvereqsis yovel muxlze gundi pasuxobs – “ufalo Segviwyalen”

an “mogvmadlen, ufalo”. amasTan, xSir SemTxvevaSi erT kvereqs

pasuxobs erTi gundi, meore kvereqss – meore gundi. zogjer

erTi kvereqsi iyofa: pirvel nawils erTi gundi galobs, meore

nawils – meore gindi. ase magaliTad, yoveli msaxurebis dasawyisSi

mSvidobiani kvereqsi iyofa.

b) pasuxebi wardgomebze; - rodesac mkiTxveli kiTxulobs fsalmunis

muxlebs, xolo gundi yovel muxlis pasuxad galobs pirvel

muxls, amasTan, am pasuxebs orive gundi monacvleobiT galobs. am

mimogdebis (gadaZaxilis) dasasrul pirveli gundi galobs pirveli

muxlis pirvel nawils, xolo meore gundi am muxlis darCenil

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nawils. rogorc vxedavT, es saxe warmoadgens antifonuri da

i pofonuri saxeebis kombinacias, romlis drosac CaerTveba

mkiTxveli.

4. kananarxi4. kananarxi4. kananarxi4. kananarxi4. kananarxi

galoba kananarxTan erTad friad gavrcelebulia monastrebSi da

warmoadgens monastruli galobis tipur saxes. mas SeiZleba ewodos

galoba karnaxiT, radgan kananarxis funqcias Seadgens mgaloblisaTvis

sagaloblis teqstis winswrebiT karnaxi. kananarxi warmoTqvams

sagaloblis teqstis frazebs TanmimdevrobiT da monacvleobiT erT

tonze; amasTan, am tonis simaRle xSirad emTxveva sagaloblis fuZe

tons15. sagaloblis dawyebis win kananarxi acxadebs (warmoTqmiT)

xmas, romelzec igalobeba sagalobeli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, aseve

– wanamZRvars16 (mag., “pirveli, zecisa ganwesebulTa”, an “meoTxe, mxneoni”

da sxva). am saxiT, rogorc wesi, is sagaloblebi (ZiriTadad dasdeblebi)

igalobeba, romelTa teqstebi xmebis mixedviT icvleba.

zogjer adgili aqvs aseT praqtikasac: garkveul SemTxvevaSi orive

gundi Tavs iyrida Sua taZrSi da rogorc erTi gundi (an kananarxis

karnaxiT) galobda sagalobels. am dros SeerTebuli gundi dgeboda

naxevarwred, piriT kankelisaken, xolo kananarxi dgeboda naxevarwris

centrSi, zurgiT kankelisaken da piriT gundisaken.

kananarxi unda ganvasxvavoT e.w. damwyebisagan. damwyebi iwyebs romelime

sagalobels, xolo gundi, raki icnobs sagaloblis melodias, ahyveba

mas da ase agrZelebs galobas. damwyebi teqsts ar karnaxobs, aramed,

ubralod, iwyebs sagalobels da sacnaurs xdis mas iq myofTaTvis.

5. himnuri galobis saxe5. himnuri galobis saxe5. himnuri galobis saxe5. himnuri galobis saxe5. himnuri galobis saxe

am saxiT galobisas gundi Tavidan bolomde uwyvetad galobs

sagalobels. ase sruldeba ZiriTadad is sagaloblebi, romelTa teqstebi

ucvlelia. magaliTad, “romelni qerubimTa”, “naTelo mxiarulo” da

a.S.; aseve, zogierT SemTxvevaSi (mag. dResaswaulebze) - cvalebadi

teqstebis mqone sagaloblebic. amave saxiT sruldeba sagaloblebi,

15 zogjer kananarxis toni emTxveva sxva romelime gabatonebul tons, xolo iSviaTad,

ZiriTadad did dResaswaulebze, moZraobs am tonebze.16 ruseTis monastrebSi, rodesac RvTismsaxurebaSi ori gundi monawileobda, iyo

aseTi praqtikac, rom kananarxi dasdeblis winamorbed fsalmunis muxls warmoTqvamda

or gunds Sua mdgomare, xolo am dasdebelis teqsts ukve karnaxobda im gunds,

romelsac unda egaloba es dasdebeli. saberZneTSi da sxva eklesiebSi dasdeblis

wina fsalmunis muxls gundi galobs.

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romlebic msaxurebisas Tan sdeven sxvadasxva msvlelobebsa da

moqmedebebs. magaliTad, RvTismSoblis dogmatikonebi, sagaloblebi,

romlis drosac xdeba RvTismsaxuris sazeimo Sesvla sakurTxevelSi

aRsavlis kariT, mRvdelmTavris Semosva Sua taZarSi liturgiis win

da a.S.

4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da

formebiformebiformebiformebiformebi

sagalobelTa dasaxelebebi ramdenime niSnis mixedviT ganisazRvreba.

kerZod, sagaloblis dasaxeleba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli:

1. sagaloblis poetur17 da musikalur formebze;

2. RvTismsaxurebis sistemasa da msaxurebis myar, ucvlel gangebaSi am

sagaloblis adgilze;

3.sagaloblis Sesrulebis saxesa da xerxebze;

4. aseve am sagaloblis Sesrulebisas mgalobelTa da mlocvelTa

ganlagebasa da mdgomareobaze (fexze dgoma Tu jdoma).

SeiZleba moxdes, rom erTi da igive teqsti, imisda mixedviT, Tu ra

adgili ukavia mas msaxurebis sqemaSi, erT SemTxvevaSi iwodebodes

troparad, sxva SemTxvevaSi - wardgomad da SeiZleba – antifonadac.

amasTan, aseTi gadaadgilebisas misi musikaluri forma SeiZleba

icvlebodes an ucvlelad rCebodes. magaliTad, me-7 xmis sagalobeli

“cxoreba“cxoreba“cxoreba“cxoreba“cxoreba�� saflavsa Sina mdebare iyo saflavsa Sina mdebare iyo saflavsa Sina mdebare iyo saflavsa Sina mdebare iyo saflavsa Sina mdebare iyo” Tomas kviras igalobeba

rogorc tropari, xolo yovel me-7 xmis kviras – rogorc wardgoma

Semdgomad a stiqologiisa.AamasTan, pirvel SemTxvevaSi misi saxelwodeba

dakavSirebulia misi Sesrulebis saxesa da xerxTan, xolo meore

SemTxvevaSi – mis adgilTan RvTismsaxurebis sqemaSi. igi aseve

dakavSirebulia taZarSi myofTa mdgomareobasTan im TvalsazrisiT,

rom wardgomebis dros, romlebic igalobeba stiqologiebisa da kanonis

mesame galobis Semdgom, taZarSi myofT SeuZliaT dasxdoma. sxva

magaliTia “mSuenierman ioseb”, romelic aris tropari, magram kviraobiT

meore xmis wargomacaa. msgavsi magaliTebi gvxvdeba sxva xmebSic.

axla CamovTvaloT saRvTismsaxuro sagalobelTa ZiriTadi saxeobebi:

1. dasdebelidasdebelidasdebelidasdebelidasdebeli (to‘ sticero1nto‘ sticero1nto‘ sticero1nto‘ sticero1nto‘ sticero1n).

dasdeblebi warmoadgenen bizantiuri poeziis strofebs. maTi Sinaarsi

da zoma mravalferovania. Cveulebriv, dasdebeli Sedgeba 8-12 striqon-

frazisagan, romlebic amave dros melodiur frazebsac warmoadgenen.

17 saRvTismsaxuro teqstebis umravlesoba bizantiuri poeziis nimuSebs warmoadgens.

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ZiriTadad dasdebelebi fsalmunis muxlebs Soris ise CaerTveba, rom

fsalmunis muxli win uswrebs mis Sesabamis dasdebels. antifonuri

galobis dros fsalmunis muxlebs da maT Sesabamis dasdeblebs gundebi

monacvleobiT asruleben, Cveulebriv, kananarxTan erTad. xandaxan

(tipikonis miTiTebiT) romelime dasdebeli ganmeorebiT sruldeba

(mag. 2-gzis), amasTan, Tu ori gundi galobs, asrulebs jer erTi gundi,

xolo Semdgom – meore. dasdeblis winamorbed fsalmunis muxlebs

ewodebaT dasdeblis winamReriwinamReriwinamReriwinamReriwinamReri. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac xma icvleba,

kananarxi am cvlilebas dasdeblis winamReris win acxadebs, romlis

Semdgom winamReri da dasdebeli ukve axal xmaSi igalobeba.

dasdeblebi RvTismsaxurebaSi Seadgenen Semdeg xuT jgufs:

a).a).a).a).a). dasdeblebi, romlebic igalobeba mwuxrze da mwuxris fsalmunebis

(140, 141, 129 da 116) muxlebs Soris CaerTveba. am jgufs ewodeba

“dadsdebelni ufalo RaRad-vyavsa zeda”“dadsdebelni ufalo RaRad-vyavsa zeda”“dadsdebelni ufalo RaRad-vyavsa zeda”“dadsdebelni ufalo RaRad-vyavsa zeda”“dadsdebelni ufalo RaRad-vyavsa zeda” (stichra` ei3s to` ku1riestichra` ei3s to` ku1riestichra` ei3s to` ku1riestichra` ei3s to` ku1riestichra` ei3s to` ku1riee3ke1kraxae3ke1kraxae3ke1kraxae3ke1kraxae3ke1kraxa), an ubralod “RaRadvyavi”. msaxurebis sadResaswaulo-

sazeimo xarisxebis mixedviT, dasdebelTa raodenoba gansxvavebulia.

did sazeimo msaxurebaSi maTi raodenoba, Cveulebriv, aTia da isini 141-

e fsalmunis meeqvse muxlis Semdeg CaerTvian. sxva sadResaswaulo

dReebSi dasdebelTa raodenoba, Cveulebriv, 8-s Seadgens da 129-e

fsalmunis pirveli muxlis Semdeg CaerTvian. xolo sadag dReebsa da

mcire dResaswaulebze dasdebelTa raodenoba 6-ia da maTi CarTva

129-e fsalmunis me-3 muxlis Semdgom iwyeba. dasasrul, mcire mwuxrze

4 dasdebeli igalobeba, romelTa CarTva 129-e fsalmunis me-5 muxlidan

iwyeba.

b).b).b).b).b). dasdebelTa meore jgufi igalobeba mwuxris meore naxevarSi, Sesvlis

Semdeg, da ewodeba “dasdebelni stiqaronsa zeda”“dasdebelni stiqaronsa zeda”“dasdebelni stiqaronsa zeda”“dasdebelni stiqaronsa zeda”“dasdebelni stiqaronsa zeda” (“stichra` ei3sstichra` ei3sstichra` ei3sstichra` ei3sstichra` ei3sta` sti1conta` sti1conta` sti1conta` sti1conta` sti1con” an “stichra` a3po` sticou1jstichra` a3po` sticou1jstichra` a3po` sticou1jstichra` a3po` sticou1jstichra` a3po` sticou1j”), an ubralod stiqaronistiqaronistiqaronistiqaronistiqaroni.

Cveulebriv, dadgenilia 4 dasdeblis galoba. dasdebelTa es jgufi

imiT gansxvavdeba “RaRad-vyavis” dasdebelTagan, rom isini fsalmunis

muxlebs ki ar CaerTvian, aramed piriqiT - fsalmunis muxlebi CaerTvian

dasdeblebs Soris. amasTan, Tuki pirveli jgufis fsalmunebi ucvlelia,

meore jgufis fsalmunebi kviris dReebisa da dResaswaulebis mixedviT

icvleba. aseve, sadagi dReebis ciskris msaxurebasac aqvs dasdebelTa

Tavisi jgufi, romelsac ewodeba “dasdebelni aRvivseniTsa zeda”

(“apo`stica tw~n Ai`nwnapo`stica tw~n Ai`nwnapo`stica tw~n Ai`nwnapo`stica tw~n Ai`nwnapo`stica tw~n Ai`nwn”), an ubralod "aRvivseniTi18. isini 89-e

fsalmunis 14-17 muxlebs Soris CaerTveba.

g).g).g).g).g). SabaT-kvirisa da sadResaswaulo dReebis ciskris msaxurebaSi

gvxvdeba dasdebelTa jgufi, romelTac ewodebaT “dasdebelnidasdebelnidasdebelnidasdebelnidasdebelni

aqebdiTsa zedaaqebdiTsa zedaaqebdiTsa zedaaqebdiTsa zedaaqebdiTsa zeda” (“sticera` ei3s tou`j Ai5noujsticera` ei3s tou`j Ai5noujsticera` ei3s tou`j Ai5noujsticera` ei3s tou`j Ai5noujsticera` ei3s tou`j Ai5nouj”), an ubralod

18 sadagi dRis am dasdeblebs berZnulsa da rusulSi igive saxelwodeba aqvT:

apostica apostica apostica apostica apostica da ñòèõîâíè, qarTulSi ki – gansxvavebuli: ara stiqaroni, aramed aRvivseniT.

60

"aqebdiTi""aqebdiTi""aqebdiTi""aqebdiTi""aqebdiTi". saberZneTSi am jgufs aseve uwodeben “““““pasapnoia1riapasapnoia1riapasapnoia1riapasapnoia1riapasapnoia1ria”””””,rac momdinareobs sityvebidan “““““Pa~sa pnoh~ ai3nesa1to to`n ku1rionPa~sa pnoh~ ai3nesa1to to`n ku1rionPa~sa pnoh~ ai3nesa1to to`n ku1rionPa~sa pnoh~ ai3nesa1to to`n ku1rionPa~sa pnoh~ ai3nesa1to to`n ku1rion”””””,anu “yoveli suli aqebdiT ufalsa”“yoveli suli aqebdiT ufalsa”“yoveli suli aqebdiT ufalsa”“yoveli suli aqebdiT ufalsa”“yoveli suli aqebdiT ufalsa”. es dasdeblebi 148, 149 da

150 fsalmunTa jgufis muxlebs CaerTvian. rodesac gansazRvrulia 6

dasdebeli, maSin isini CaerTvian 149-e fsalmunis me-9 muxlis Semdeg.

xolo rodesac tipikoniT gansazRvrulia 4 dasdeblis galoba, maSin

- 150-e fsalmunis me-2 muxlis Semdgom.

d). d). d). d). d). “dasdebelni litiasa zedadasdebelni litiasa zedadasdebelni litiasa zedadasdebelni litiasa zedadasdebelni litiasa zeda” ( ( ( ( (stichra` ei3s th`n lith2nstichra` ei3s th`n lith2nstichra` ei3s th`n lith2nstichra` ei3s th`n lith2nstichra` ei3s th`n lith2n))))), an

ubralod "litia""litia""litia""litia""litia". am jgufis dasdeblebi fsalmunis muxlebis gareSe

igalobeba, mwuxrze, litiaze, rodesac gamosvla xdeba taZris stoaSi

(an, Tu igi ar aris, - taZris dasavleT nawilSi, xolo zogan, gansakuTrebiT

monastrebSi – taZris gareT).

e).e).e).e).e). gansakuTrebul jgufs Seadgens “momixsenenis dasdeblebimomixsenenis dasdeblebimomixsenenis dasdeblebimomixsenenis dasdeblebimomixsenenis dasdeblebi”

(makarismoi 1makarismoi 1makarismoi 1makarismoi 1makarismoi 1), romlebic, liturgiaze igalobeba, mesame

gamomsaxvelobiTYantifonze da CaerTvis saxarebis cxra netarebis

muxlebs. kviraobiT yoveli xmisTvis gvaqvs 8-8 dasdebeli, sadag dReebSi

ki – 6-6.

yvela dasaxelebuli jgufis dasdeblebis galoba mTavrdeba mcire

didebismetyvelebiT: “didebadidebadidebadidebadideba�� . . , aw da . . ., amin! . . , aw da . . ., amin! . . , aw da . . ., amin! . . , aw da . . ., amin! . . , aw da . . ., amin! “, ris Semdegac

igalobeba jgufis bolo dasdebeli. rogorc wesi, es didebismetyveleba

ganiyofa or muxlad: “dideba . . dideba . . dideba . . dideba . . dideba . . .” da “aw da . . ., amin!aw da . . ., amin!aw da . . ., amin!aw da . . ., amin!aw da . . ., amin!”, da

TiToeulis Semdeg igalobeba dasdebeli. amitom am dasdeblebs ewodebaT

“dasdebeli dideba-awdaze” (im SemTxvevaSi, Tu didebismetyveleba ar

ganiyofa muxlebad), an “dasdebeli didebaze” da “dasdebeli awdaze”.

am ukanasknels, Cveulebriv, uwodeben “RmrTismSoblisas” (Teotokons),

radgan awdas Semdeg yovelTvis RvTismSoblis dasdebeli igalobeba.

dasaxelebuli jgufebis garda gvaqvs aseve calkeuli dasdeblebi,

romelTac RvTismsaxurebaSi gamorCeuli adgili ukaviaT da ama Tu im

fsalmunis erT-erTi muxlis Semdeg igalobebian. aseTia, magaliTad,

dasdebeli, romelic ciskarze, saxarebisa da 50-e fsalmunis Semdgom

mcire “miwyaleze” igalobeba. mas ewodeba saxarebis geri.

gvaqvs kidev erTi mniSvnelovani jgufi 11 dasdeblisa. isini TavianTi

SinaarsiT ukavSirdebian 11 sakvirao saxarebas, romlebic ikiTxeba

kviris ciskarze da amitom saciskro gerebi ewodebaT. es dasdeblebi

qmnian “ciskris dasdebelTaciskris dasdebelTaciskris dasdebelTaciskris dasdebelTaciskris dasdebelTa” (stichra` e3wqina1stichra` e3wqina1stichra` e3wqina1stichra` e3wqina1stichra` e3wqina1) 11 kvirian cikls

- yoveli am dasdebelTagani igalobeba rva xmaTagan erT-erT xmaze

Semdegi mimdevrobiT: 1 – 2 –3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 da Semdgom, me-

9, me-10 da me-11 geri igalobeba kvlav me-5, me-6 da me-8 xmebze, ris

Semdegac cikli isev Tavidan iwyeba. es dasdeblebi igalobeba aqebdiTis

“didebaze”. zogierT dResaswaulze, romelsac aqvs aqebdiTis “didebis”

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sakuTari dasdebeli, saciskro geri pirveli Jamnis win gadadis. saciskro

gerebi gamSvenebuli, mdidari melodiebiT igalobebian.

dasdeblebi Zalzed mniSvnelovan saRvTismsaxuro himnografiul

masalas warmoadgenen. maTSi gadmocemulia dRis msaxurebis mTavari

Tema, an im wmindanis daxasiaTeba da cxovrebis zogierTi Strixi,

romlis xsenebacaa msaxurebaze. dasdeblebi – es is sagaloblebia,

romlebic msenelTa azrebs mTavar mimarTulebas aZleven. isini ZiriTadad

silaburi an silabur-nevmaturi melodiebiT igalobebian, zogjer –

melizmaturi xasiaTis CarTvebiT. dasdebelTa melodiis agebis xerxi

melodiis agebis dasdeblur xerxad iwodeba.

bolo dasdebeli, romelic igalobeba “didebaze”, iwodeba “didebisad”

(“““““doxastiko1ndoxastiko1ndoxastiko1ndoxastiko1ndoxastiko1n”””””). Cveulebriv, did dResaswaulebze “didebisa” ufro

feradovani, gamSvenebuli melodiiT igalobeba, vidre sadag dReebsa da

mcire dResaswaulebze.

raki bizantiur galobaSi dasdebelTa teqsturi Sinaarsi bunebrivad

erwymis sagaloblis martiv melodias da qmnis erT mTlianobas, amitom

dasdebelTa teqstebi ukeT aRiqmeba msmenelis mier da mas gonebasa da

mexsierebaSi ebeWdeba.

2. tropari (2. tropari (2. tropari (2. tropari (2. tropari (to‘ tropa1rionto‘ tropa1rionto‘ tropa1rionto‘ tropa1rionto‘ tropa1rion)))))

tropari warmoadgens strofs, romelSic msaxurebis mTavari Temaa

warmoCenili. msaxurebaSi gansxvavebuli xasiaTis troparebi gvxvdeba.

dRis tropars, romelic mwuxrze igalobeba, gansatevebeli

(a3politi1kiona3politi1kiona3politi1kiona3politi1kiona3politi1kion) ewodeba (ix. mag., “paraklitoni”, mesame xmis SabaTis

mwuxris bolos, weria – gansatevebeli, (romel-ars tropari)), radgan

igi uSualod win uZRvis mwuxris dasrulebas, gantevebas. Tumca igive

tropari igalobeba ciskarzec da wirvazec. berZnul wignebSi igi imave

saxeliT – gansatevebliT - iwodeba ciskarSic, Jamnis TvenSic da a.S.

gansatevebeli tropari Sinaarsobrivad datvirTulia - masSi

Sekrebili da Sejamebulia yovelive is, rac dRis sxva sagaloblebSi

iTqva. magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT RmrTis gancxadebis (6 ianvari) tropars,

romelic igalobeba pirvel xmaze:

“raJams iordanes naTel-iRe Sen, ufalo,

maSin samebisa Tayvanis-cema� gamoCnda,

rameTu mamisa xma� gewameboda,

da sayvarelad Zed saxel gdva Sen,

da suli wmida� saxiTa tredisa�Ta daamtkicebda

sityvisa mis ucTomelobasa;

romeli ganscxaden, qriste RmerTo,

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da sofeli gananaTle, dideba� Senda”.

rogorc aRvniSneT, gansatevebeli tropari dRis sxvadasxva msaxurebaze

igalobeba (an ikiTxeba), xSirad erTi msaxurebis farglebSic meordeba.

mwuxrze is msaxurebis dasasrulisken igalobeba, ciskarze – TavSi

(“RmerTi ufalze”) da bolosken, dideba maRalianis Semdgom, liturgiaze

– mcire Sesvlis Semdeg, xolo did sameufo dResaswaulebze mesame

antifonis Semadgeneli fsalmunis muxlebs Soris CaerTvis (ibrunvis

- “tre3peitre3peitre3peitre3peitre3pei”). am SemTxvevaSi, dasdeblebisagan gansxvavebiT, fsalmunis

yoveli muxlis Semdeg erTi da igive tropari igalobeba.

troparebs uwodeben aseve kanonis (cxra galobis) Semadgenel

strofebs. kanonis Sesaxeb Semdgom visaubrebT. aq ki aRvniSnavT, rom

kanonis TiToeul troparSi ar aris Sejamebuli dRis Tema, aramed

asaxulia misi esa Tu is mxare. gansatevebeli troparisagan gansxvavebiT

kanonis calkeuli tropari nakleb tevadia da naklebadaa Sinaarsobrivad

datvirTuli, magram erTobliobaSi isini srulyofilad da

mravalferovnad aRweren dRis Temas.

sxva SemTxvevaSi, magaliTad, kvira dRis ciskarze an micvalebulTa

xsenebis dReebSi meordeba fsalmunis erTi da igive muxli (118-e

fsalmunis 12-e muxli) da am muxlis yoveli ganmeorebis Semdeg axali

tropari igalobeba. (amitom berZnebi am troparebs, 118-e fsalmunis

12-e muxlidan gamomdinare (“kurTxeul xar Sen, ufalokurTxeul xar Sen, ufalokurTxeul xar Sen, ufalokurTxeul xar Sen, ufalokurTxeul xar Sen, ufalo”), evlogitarias

(eu3loghta1riaeu3loghta1riaeu3loghta1riaeu3loghta1riaeu3loghta1ria) uwodeben.

aseve SesaZlebelia, rom troparebi igalobebodes Sualeduri

muxlebis gareSe, miyolebiT. magaliTad, RmrTis gancxadebis dRes wylis

kurTxevisas an mcire wyliskurTxevaze. am SemTxvevaSi troparebsa da

dasdeblebs Soris sazRvari iSleba.

erTi msaxurebis ganmavlobaSi SesaZlebelia Tavi moiyaros ramdenime

troparma (wmindanebis raodenobidan gamomdinare). troparebis

musikaluri forma, ZiriTadad, silaburi struqturisaa, romlis

damasrulebeli kadencia ramdenadme gamSvenebulia.

3. kanoni (3. kanoni (3. kanoni (3. kanoni (3. kanoni (o2 kanw1no2 kanw1no2 kanw1no2 kanw1no2 kanw1n)))))

kanonad iwodeba vrceli sagalobeli, literaturuli TvalsazrisiT

– poema, romelic garkveuli wesiT SeerTebuli sxvadasxva

sagaloblebisagan Sedgeba. sagaloblis saxelwodeba – kanoni –

gamoxatavs misi agebulebis princips: sxvadasxva Tanazomadi nawilebis

erT mTlianobaSi gaerTianebis sisworesa da simwyobres. sruli kanoni

cxra galobisagan ( 3Wdh13Wdh13Wdh13Wdh13Wdh1) Sedgeba da asaxavs zeciur ierarqiasa dasagaloblebs. kanonis yoveli galoba 3-5 (iSviaTad meti) troparisagan

63

Sedgeba. pirvel tropars Zlispiri ewodeba. mas gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba da datvirTva aqvs, ris Sesaxebac qvemoT visaubrebT.

kanonSi ixsneba erTi romelime Tema, azri; magaliTad, adideben

macxovris aRdgomas, an uflis patiosan jvars, an RvTismSobels, an

romelime wmindans da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, yovel kanons aqvs Tavisi

gansakuTrebuli saxeli. magaliTad, aRdgomis kanoni, jvris kanoni,

RvTismSoblis kanoni da a.S.

kanoni qristianul RvTismsaxurebaSi sakmaod adreuli periodidan

gvxvdeba, magram imdroindeli kanonebi aerTianebdnen ramdenime troparsa

Tu dasdebels da ar hqondaT Zlispirebi, ris gamoc ar gaaCndaT

simwyobre da mdgradoba. wm. ioane damaskelma kanons safuZvlad daudo

bibliuri Temebi (ix. qvemoT), romlebic RvTismsaxurebaSi manamdec

gamoiyeneboda, da Seadgina pirveli Zlispirebi, daadgina kanonis

struqtura, misi agebis wesi, praqtikulad im saxiT, rogorc es dRemdea

eklesiaSi Semonaxuli, da dawera umravlesi dResaswaulisaTvis 64

kanoni.

axla gavecnoT kanonis agebulebas. rogorc aRvniSneT, kanoni Sedgeba

cxra galobisagan, xolo yoveli galoba - 3, 4, 5, iSviaTad meti raodenobis

strofisagan – troparebisagan. pirvel tropars Zlispiri19 (ei1rmojei1rmojei1rmojei1rmojei1rmoj– – – – – irmosi, “kavSiri”) ewodeba. kanonis Zlispirebi cxra bibliur Temas

efuZneba:

“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba�� pirveli pirveli pirveli pirveli pirveli – Tqumuli wina�swarmetyvelisa mosesi” (moses

galoba, aRvlenili uflisadmi mewamul zRvaSi gasvlis gamo; gamoslvaTa,

XV, 1-19);

“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba�� meore meore meore meore meore – mosesi, meorisa sjulisa�” (moses samxilebeli

sagalobeli, XXXII, 1-43);

“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba�� mesame mesame mesame mesame mesame – anasi, dedisa samoel wina�swarmetyvelisa�,

ugalobs berwi RmerTsa ucxo�sa SobisaTvis” (I mefeTa�, II, 1-10);

“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba�� meoTxe meoTxe meoTxe meoTxe meoTxe – ganxorcielebasa uflisasa RaRadebs ambakom”

(romelmac iwinaswarmetyvela qristes mosvla; winaswarmetyveleba�

ambakomisi, III, 1-19);

“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba�� mexuTe mexuTe mexuTe mexuTe mexuTe – Tqumuli wina�swarmetyvelisa isaia�si”

(romelmac ugaloba eklesiis daxsnas mterTagan; wina�swarmetyveleba

isaia�si, XXVI, 9-19);

“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba�� meeqvse meeqvse meeqvse meeqvse meeqvse – iona wina�swarmeytvelisa�” (romelic sikvdils

ebrZoda veSapis mucelSi da misi galoba gamosaxavs codvilis

mdgomareobas, romlis suli aRivso borotebiT; wina�swarmeytveleba�

ionasi, II, 1-10);

19 Zali - simi, anu hangi; piri – saxe; e.i. Zlispiri - saxe, anu nimuSi hangisa, anu

nimuSi melodiisa

64

“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba�� meSvide meSvide meSvide meSvide meSvide – locva� wmidaTa samTa yrmaTa�, romeli

damSretel eqmna alsa” (wina�swarmeytveleba� danielisi, III, 26-1/2-51);

“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba�� merve merve merve merve merve – galoba� wmidaTa samTa yrmaTa�, yoveli

dabadebuli meufesa aqebdiT” (wina�swarmeytveleba� danielisi, III, 2/2

51-88);

“galobagalobagalobagalobagaloba�� mecxre mecxre mecxre mecxre mecxre – wina�swarmeytveleba� zaqaria�si, winamorbedis

mamisa�” (romelsac safuZvelad udevs lukas saxarebis teqsti –

luka, I, 63-79).

merve da mecxre galobebs Soris CaerTvis “galoba� RvTismSoblisa�,

qalwulebiT mSobeli hmadlobs Zesa da RmerTsa”. am sagalobelsac

safuZvlad udevs lukas saxarebis teqsti – luka, I, 46-55.

Zlispiris melodia warmoadgens Targs, nimuSs amave galobis Semdgomi

troparebisaTvis da asrulebs maTTvis kavSiris funqcias, - warmoadgens

maTi struqturuli agebulebis wess; anu xazi unda gaesvas im faqts,

rom kanonis TiToeul galobaSi Zlispirsa da momdevno troparebs

erTnairi metruli struqrura aqvT; strofebi toli raodenobis

striqonebisagan Sedgeba, xolo striqonebi – toli raodenobis

marcvlebisagan. magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT sulTmofenobis kanonis pirvel

galobas (xma z):

Zlispiri: 1. Po1ntw0Po1ntw0Po1ntw0Po1ntw0Po1ntw0 2 marcvali

2. 3Eka3luye faraw‘ su‘n a_rmasin3Eka3luye faraw‘ su‘n a_rmasin3Eka3luye faraw‘ su‘n a_rmasin3Eka3luye faraw‘ su‘n a_rmasin3Eka3luye faraw‘ su‘n a_rmasin 11 marcvali

3. ‘O sintri1bwn pole1mouj‘O sintri1bwn pole1mouj‘O sintri1bwn pole1mouj‘O sintri1bwn pole1mouj‘O sintri1bwn pole1mouj 7 marcvali

4. 5En u2fhlw~0 braci1oni5En u2fhlw~0 braci1oni5En u2fhlw~0 braci1oni5En u2fhlw~0 braci1oni5En u2fhlw~0 braci1oni 7 (8) marcvali

5. 5A0swmen au3tw~05A0swmen au3tw~05A0swmen au3tw~05A0swmen au3tw~05A0swmen au3tw~0 5 marcvali

6. 4Oti dedo1xastai4Oti dedo1xastai4Oti dedo1xastai4Oti dedo1xastai4Oti dedo1xastai 6 marcvali

tropari 1: 1. 0 5Ergw005Ergw005Ergw005Ergw005Ergw0 2 marcvali

2. 4Wj pa1lai toi~j naqjtai~j e3phggei‘lw4Wj pa1lai toi~j naqjtai~j e3phggei‘lw4Wj pa1lai toi~j naqjtai~j e3phggei‘lw4Wj pa1lai toi~j naqjtai~j e3phggei‘lw4Wj pa1lai toi~j naqjtai~j e3phggei‘lw 11 marcvali

3. To‘ Para1kliton Peu~maTo‘ Para1kliton Peu~maTo‘ Para1kliton Peu~maTo‘ Para1kliton Peu~maTo‘ Para1kliton Peu~ma 7 marcvali

4. 3Eqapostei1laj Criste‘3Eqapostei1laj Criste‘3Eqapostei1laj Criste‘3Eqapostei1laj Criste‘3Eqapostei1laj Criste‘ 7 marcvali

5. 5Elamyaj to‘ fw~j5Elamyaj to‘ fw~j5Elamyaj to‘ fw~j5Elamyaj to‘ fw~j5Elamyaj to‘ fw~j 5 marcvali

6. Ko1smw0 fila1nqrwpeKo1smw0 fila1nqrwpeKo1smw0 fila1nqrwpeKo1smw0 fila1nqrwpeKo1smw0 fila1nqrwpe 6 marcvali

tropari 2: 1. 0Nomw00Nomw00Nomw00Nomw00Nomw0 2 marcvali

2. To‘ pa‘lai prokhrucqe‘n kai‘To‘ pa‘lai prokhrucqe‘n kai‘To‘ pa‘lai prokhrucqe‘n kai‘To‘ pa‘lai prokhrucqe‘n kai‘To‘ pa‘lai prokhrucqe‘n kai‘ 11 marcvali

profh1taijprofh1taijprofh1taijprofh1taijprofh1taij3. 3Eplhrw1qh tou~ qei~ou3Eplhrw1qh tou~ qei~ou3Eplhrw1qh tou~ qei~ou3Eplhrw1qh tou~ qei~ou3Eplhrw1qh tou~ qei~ou 7 marcvali

4. Pneu1matoj sh1meronPneu1matoj sh1meronPneu1matoj sh1meronPneu1matoj sh1meronPneu1matoj sh1meron 6 marcvali

5. Pa~si ga‘r pistoi~jPa~si ga‘r pistoi~jPa~si ga‘r pistoi~jPa~si ga‘r pistoi~jPa~si ga‘r pistoi~j 5 marcvali

6. Ca1rij e3kke1cutaiCa1rij e3kke1cutaiCa1rij e3kke1cutaiCa1rij e3kke1cutaiCa1rij e3kke1cutai 6 marcvali

65

rogorc moyvanili magaliTidan Cans, galobis yoveli tropari imave

zomisaa, rac Zlispiri da misi yoveli striqoni ZiriTadad imave

raodenobis marcvlebs Seicavs, ramdensac Zlispiris Sesabamisi striqonebi

(gvxvdeba mciredi gansxvavebebi). amasTanave, moyvanil magaliTSi troparebSi

maxvilTa monacvleobac miaxloebulia Zlispiris maxvilTa ganlagebasTan,

ris Sedegadac troparebi ritmuladac mimsgavsebulia Zlispirs. yovelive

es ki uzrunvelyofs troprebis melodiur miaxloeba-mimsgavsebas

ZlispirTan. am principiTaa agebuli originalSi (berZnulSi) kanonebi,

romlebic Seadgenen RvTismsaxurebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan, centralur

nawils.

kanonis am principiT ageba saSualebas iZleva Zlispiris, rogorc

teqstur-melodiuri Targis mixedviT, vigaloboT momdevno troparebi.

amitom Zlispirebi, rogorc nimuSebi, saTviTxmovnoebi, mgalobelTaTvis

Seswavlis erT-erT ZiriTad sagans Seadgens. aRsaniSnavia, rom maT

melodiebze, rogorc TviTsamsgavsoebze, igalobeba sagalobelTa didi

raodenoba (da ara marto kanonis troparebi). amaze migviTiTeben

saRvTismsaxuro wignebi, romlebSic msgavsebis wanamZRvarebi (prologebi)

aRniSnaven ama Tu im Zlispiris melodias.

aRsaniSnavia, rom kanonis galobisas, rogorc wesi, meore galoba ar

igalobeba. bibluri galoba, romelic safuZvlad daedo meore galobis

Zlispirs, Tavisi SinaarsiT - “meore sjulis” teqstidan gamomdinare

- sakmaod mZime, mamxilebeli da mrisxanea. amitom igi ar ikiTxeba.

savaraudoa, rom igive tradicia gavrcelda kanonzec da cxra galobidan

meore galoba, xSir SemTxvevaSi, ar igalobeba. sruli kanoni, meore

galobis CaTvliT, igalobeba yvelieris SabaTs da aRdgomidan me-7

SabaTs (sulTmofenobis wina SabaTs), aseve, andria kritelis did,

sinanulis kanonSi.

sruli kanonebis garda (meore galobasTan erTad, an mis gareSe)

zogjer igalobeba arasruli kanonebic: orsagalobeli (diw1diondiw1diondiw1diondiw1diondiw1dion),romelic Sedgeba mxolod ori – me-8 da me-9 galobisagan, mag.: - vnebis

SvideulSi; samsagalobeli (triw1diontriw1diontriw1diontriw1diontriw1dion), igalobeba didmarxvaSi

orSabTidan paraskevis CaTvliT, - igi sami galobisagan Sedgeba, maTgan

ori igive me-8 da me-9 galobebia, xolo erTi kviris dReebis mixedviT

icvleba: orSabaTs – pirveli, samSabaTs – me-2, oTxSabaTs – me-3,

xuTSabaTs – me-4, paraskevs– me-5, xolo SabaTs – me-6 da me-7 galoba,

anu didmarxvaSi SabaTobiT igalobeba oTxsagalobeli (tetraw1diontetraw1diontetraw1diontetraw1diontetraw1dion).es nawilobrivi kanonebi igalobeba ciskris msaxurebaze umciresebTan

erTad (magaliTad, Jamnis srul 9 galobas CaerTvis ori samsagalobeli),

rac im TaviseburebiT xasiaTdeba, rom galobisas adgili aqvs xSir

modulaciebs – gadasvlebs erTi xmidan meore xmaze, rac saciskro

galobis am nawilSi qmnis sakmaod mravalferovan musikalur kompozicias.

66

modulaciebis arseboba imiT aris gamowveuli, rom nawilobrivi kanonis

xma gansxvavdeba sruli kanonis xmisgan (iSviaTia xmebis damTxvevebi).

saciskro kanoni dayofilia sam jgufad, romlebic erTmaneTisagan

iyofa mcire kvereqsebiT, aseve zogierTi mokle sagalobliT (rogoricaa

wardgoma, ipako, kondaki da ikosi). dajgufeba aseTia: I jgufi: pirveli

(me-2, rogorc wesi, ara gvaqvs) da me-3 galobebi; II jgufi: me-4, me-5 dame-6 galobebi; III jgufi: me-7, me-8 da me-9 galobebi, amasTan, me-9 galobis

win, umravles SemTxvevaSi, igalobeba RvTismSoblis sagalobeli “adidebsadidebsadidebsadidebsadidebs

suli Cemi ufalsasuli Cemi ufalsasuli Cemi ufalsasuli Cemi ufalsasuli Cemi ufalsa”, “upatiosnessa qerubimTasaupatiosnessa qerubimTasaupatiosnessa qerubimTasaupatiosnessa qerubimTasaupatiosnessa qerubimTasa” - misamRerTan

erTad. aTormetTagan dResaswaulebze am adgilas igalobeba sxva

sagalobeli.

dResaswaulis xarisxis mixedviT, kanonis zogierTi an yoveli galoba

dasruldeba gansakuTrebuli ZlispiriT – dasafarebiT (e.w. katavasiiT).

zogjer katavasiad aRebulia dRis kanonis romelime Zlispiri, magram

xSirad daefareba sxva kanonis Zlispiri ara im kanonidan, romelic

Sedis dRis kanonTa kombinaciaSi, aramed sul sxva, saRvTismsaxuro

wignebiT gansazRvruli kanonidan. katavasia, sadac es SesaZlebelia,

orive gundis mier Sua taZarSi sruldeba.

rogorc aRvniSneT, saciskro msaxurebis dros, imisda mixedviT, Tu

ra dResaswauli aResruleba im dRes da ramdeni wmindanis xsenebaa,

SesaZloa Tavi moiyaros ramdenime kanonma. magaliTad, romelime kvira

dRes SeiZleba tipikoniT aseTi kombinacia iyos gansazRvruli: kviris

kanoni mdgomare xmaSi RvTismSoblis kanonTan erTad da erTi an ori

wmindanis kanoni. am SemTxvevaSi jer igalobeba yvela kanonis pirveli

galobebi, Semdeg – imave wesiT momdevno galobebi. kanonTa kombinaciebi

didmarxvis SvideulebSi SedarebiT rTulia.

Tavdapirvelad kanonis Zlispirebi da troprebi sruldeboda

Sesabamisi bibliuri galobebis muxlebTan erTad, monacvleobiT20. zogierT

monasterSi dResac ase sruldeba kanonebi. samrevlo taZrebSi ki es

tradicia mxolod didmarxvaSi SemorCa. dRevandeli praqtikiT, kanonis

galobis yovel tropars win uZRvis CasarTavi (epifoni - winamReri),

romelic Seesabameba sadagi dRis an dResaswaulis Temas (mag., “dideba“dideba“dideba“dideba“dideba�

patiosansa juarsa Sensa, ufalo”patiosansa juarsa Sensa, ufalo”patiosansa juarsa Sensa, ufalo”patiosansa juarsa Sensa, ufalo”patiosansa juarsa Sensa, ufalo”, an “yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo“yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo“yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo“yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo“yovladwmidao RvTismSobelo

gvacxovnen Cuen”gvacxovnen Cuen”gvacxovnen Cuen”gvacxovnen Cuen”gvacxovnen Cuen”21, an “wmidao mRvdelmTavaro nikolaos evedre“wmidao mRvdelmTavaro nikolaos evedre“wmidao mRvdelmTavaro nikolaos evedre“wmidao mRvdelmTavaro nikolaos evedre“wmidao mRvdelmTavaro nikolaos evedre

RmerTsa CuenTvis”RmerTsa CuenTvis”RmerTsa CuenTvis”RmerTsa CuenTvis”RmerTsa CuenTvis” da a.S.). bolo ori troparis win igalobeba,

Sesabamisad, “dideba“dideba“dideba“dideba“dideba�””””” da “awda”.“awda”.“awda”.“awda”.“awda”.

ZlispirTa mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, isini moTavsebulia krebulSi,

romelsac berZnulad irmologioni (Ei1rmolo1gionEi1rmolo1gionEi1rmolo1gionEi1rmolo1gionEi1rmolo1gion) ewodeba.

20 am biblur muxlebs umciresebs uwodeben. unda davazustoT, rom umciresi ewodeba

am bibliuri muxlebidan pirvel mcire muxls.21 berZnebi galoben: “wmidao RmrTisao, evedre CvenTvis”

67

saqarTveloSi xelnawerebis saxiT daculia ZlispirTa ramdenime uZvelesi

krebuli, maT Soris – nevmirebulic: isini, ZiriTadad, berZnulidan

Targmnil Zlispirebs, aseve originalur qarTul sagaloblebs moicaven

da warmoadgenen bizantiuri sagaloblebis krebulebs. am periodis

originaluri qarTuli sagaloblebi, saeklesio kanonikis dacviT,

damaskeliseuli rvaxmaTas kilo-melodiebis Sesabamisad iqmneboda.

berZnul irmologionsa da qarTul ZlispirnSi Zlispirebi

gawyobilia (damaskeliseuli) xmebisa da galobebis mixedviT. xmebis

aRniSvna rogorc berZnul, ise qarTul krebulebSi msgavsia:

berZnuliberZnuliberZnuliberZnuliberZnuli qarTuliqarTuliqarTuliqarTuliqarTuli

2Hcoj a# � ma� a

,, b# ,, b

,, g# ,, g

,, d# ,, d

2Hcoj pl. a# � ma� a g ~i (guerdiTi),, pl. b# ,, b g ~i,, pl. g# ,, g g ~i,, pl. d# ,, d g ~i

galobebis qarTuli saxelwodebebisaTvis aRebulia im bibliur

galobaTa dasawyisi sityvebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo kanonis

galobebs da romlebzec zemoT visaubreT. galobaTa aRniSvna berZnul

da qarTul ZlispirTa krebulebSi gansxvavebulia:

berZnuli qarTuli

2Wdh‘ A# ugalobdiTsa

,, B# moixilesa

,, G# ganZlierdasa

,, D# ufalo mesmasa

,, T# RamiTgansa

,, J# RaRadvyavsa

,, Z# kurTxeularsa

,, H# akurTxevdiTsa

,, Q# adidebdiTsa

irmologionebis struqtura, anu maTSi Zlispirebis wyoba, sxvadasxva

krebulSi (berZnulSi, slavurSi, qarTulSi) gansxvavebulia. berZnulma

xelnawerebma Semogvinaxa irmologionTa ori tipis krebuli. pirvelSi

Zlispirebi yoveli xmis farglebSi odebad (galobebad) aris

dajgufebuli. am tipis irmologioniebisaTvis samecniero literaturaSi

68

miRebulia OdO (Odes Order) aRniSvna. meoreSi Zlispirebi xmis

farglebSi calkeul ZlispirTa kanonebis (akoluTiebis) saxiT aris

Sesuli, odebad daSlis gareSe. am tipis irmologioniebisaTvis samecniero

literaturaSi miRebulia KaO (Kanons Order)22 aRniSvna. KaO iTvleba

irmologionis ufro adreul saxed, xolo OdO warmoadgens odebad

gawyobil KaO irmologions.

qarTul ZlispirTa uZveles (X s.) xelnawerebSi gvxvdeba rogorc

OdO, ise KaO tipis krebulebi. X saukunis II naxevris iadgarebSi

monopolia moupovebia OdO ZlispirTa krebuls, romelsac xmarebidan

ganudevnia KaO Zlispirni. KaO Zlispirnis unikaluri nusxa Semogvinaxa

X saukunis sabawmindurma xelnawerma Sin 34-ma.

4. kondaki (4. kondaki (4. kondaki (4. kondaki (4. kondaki (to‘ konta1kionto‘ konta1kionto‘ konta1kionto‘ konta1kionto‘ konta1kion) ) ) ) ) da masTan dakavSirebuli ikosi ikosi ikosi ikosi ikosi

(((((oi~kojoi ~kojoi ~kojoi ~kojoi ~koj)))))

arsebiTad, kondakad iwodeba mTeli poema, romelic kanonis msgavsad

bibliur galobebze ar aris damyarebuli. igi kidev ufro aviTarebs

dRis Temas, dResaswaulisa Tu mosaxsenebeli wmindanis Tematikas.

Tavdapirveli saxiT es poema ZiriTadad Sedgeboda didi raodenobis

(24-mde) metrulad Tanabari zomis strofebisagan – ikosebisagan,

romlebic erTi da imave sityvebiT – minamReriT mTavrdeboda. poemas

iwyebda erTi strofi, romelic metrulad gansxvavdeboda ikosebisagan,

magram mTavrdeboda imave sityvebiT, rogoriTac ikosebi. am Sesaval

strofs ewodeboda “kukulioni” (an “proimioni”). am strofSi mokled

gadmoicemoda mTeli poemis mTavari Tema da idea, xolo Semdgomi

ikosebi aviTarebdnen am Temas, xandaxan dialogis formiTac ki. kukulioni

da ikosebi erTsa da imave xmaSi igalobeboda. droTa ganmavlobaSi

kondakis (anu mTliani poema-sagaloblis) gamoyeneba RvTismsaxurebaSi

imgvarad Seikveca, rom mTeli poemidan darCa mxolod kukulioni da

pirveli ikosi; amasTan mTeli poemis saxelwodeba – kondaki – miewera

am kukulions, ikosma ki Tavisi saxelwodeba SeinarCuna.

dReisTvis iSviaTia SemTxveva, rom kondaks erTze meti ikosi

mohyvebodes. ase magaliTad, yvelieris kviris kondaks, romlis mTavari

Temaa adamis gandevna samoTxidan, garda kukulionisa (romelsac axla

kondaki ewodeba), aqvs oTxi ikosi, romlebsac amJamindel saRvTismsaxuro

wignebSi ewodeba (erTi) ikosi. sruli kondaki (kukulioni da 24

ikosi) SenarCunebulia RvTismsaxurTa wesis agebaSi, xolo CvilTa

wesis agebaSi gvaqvs kukulioni da oTxi ikosi, romlebic kurTxevanSi

axla erT ikosad aRiniSneba.

22 Eerwin Koschmieder, “ Die altesten Novgoroder Hirmologien-Fragmente”, Zweite Lieferung,Munchen, 1955, gv.69

69

kondakis zomis aseTi Sekveca ganapiroba RvTismsaxurebaSi kanonis

gamoyenebis praqtikis gafarToebam, ramac ukve IX-X saukuneebSi

kondakisTvis datova is zoma, razec zemoT visaubreT, xolo mis

Sesrulebas adgili miuCina kanonis me-6 galobis Semdeg. GD

kondakebi (sakuTriv maTi Sesavali strofebi – kukulionebi)

Sekrebilia sagangebo samgaloblo krebulebSi, romlebic kondakionebad

iwodeba. Zveli wyaroebi gviCveneben, rom musikalur-melodiuri

TvalsazrisiT kondakTa melodiebi warmoadgendnen melizmaturad

ganviTarebul melodiebs, romelTa Sesrulebac did xelovnebas moiTxovda.

kondakebi dasdeblebisagan da kanonebisagan gansxvavebuli maneriT

igalobeboda; maT axasiaTebdaT mravalferovani dinamiuri da teqnikuri

niuansebi. amitom am saxis galobas “kondakaruli galoba” ewoda.

kondakTa SemqmnelTa Soris yvelaze cnobili da gamorCeulia romanoz

tkbiladmgalobeli, diakoni, romelmac Seqmna 1000-mde kondaki, maT

Soris - Sobis kondaki “qalwuli dRes”, “sulo Cemo”, miZinebis kondaki

- “meoxebaTa Sina” da a.S.

5. daujdomeli (akaTisto, 5. daujdomeli (akaTisto, 5. daujdomeli (akaTisto, 5. daujdomeli (akaTisto, 5. daujdomeli (akaTisto, o‘ a3kaqistoj o‘ a3kaqistoj o‘ a3kaqistoj o‘ a3kaqistoj o‘ a3kaqistoj 23 u4mnoj –u4mnoj –u4mnoj –u4mnoj –u4mnoj –daujdomeli galoba)daujdomeli galoba)daujdomeli galoba)daujdomeli galoba)daujdomeli galoba)

arsebiTad daujdomeli srul kondaks warmoadgens da

kukulionisagan da 24 erTmaneTTan monacvle momcro da ufro didi

zomis strofebisagan Sedgeba. momcroebs uwodeben “kondakebs” da

ucvlelad mTavrdeba sityviT “aliluia”, xolo mozrdilebs, romlebic

imave sityvebiT mTavrdeba, romliTac kukulioni, uwodeben ikosebs.

isini ise arian ganlagebulni, rom kondaki da ikosi monacvleobiT

misdeven erTmaneTs. saxelwodeba “akaTisto” momdinareobs sagaloblis

ara musikaluri an literaturuli mxridan, aramed im mdgomareobidan,

romelSiac msmenelebi imyofebian: akaTistos Sesrulebis dros dajdoma

ar SeiZleba (rogorc es daSvebulia, magaliTad, wardgomebis galobisas),

yvela fexze unda idges.

akaTistos roca vambobT, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs mxolod RvTismSoblis

akaTisto – RvTismSoblis daujdomeli, romelic warmoadgens erTaderT

Zvel da namdvil (originalur) akaTistos, yvela sxva mravali akaTisto

gviandeli warmomavlobisaa da namdvili akaTistos mibaZvas warmoadgens.

RvTismSoblis daujdomeli Seiqmna me-7 saukuneSi konstantinopolis

mterTagan daxsnasTan dakavSirebiT (626 w.). daujdomelis Temas

gvamcnobs pirveli kondaki: “zesTa-mbrZolisa CemisaTvis . .zesTa-mbrZolisa CemisaTvis . .zesTa-mbrZolisa CemisaTvis . .zesTa-mbrZolisa CemisaTvis . .zesTa-mbrZolisa CemisaTvis . . .”

daujdomelis pirveli naxevari istoriuli xasiaTisaa, xolo meore

naxevari – dogmaturi xasiaTis.

23 kaqi1zw – dajdoma, a – uaryofis nawilaki

70

tipikoniT akaTisto didmarxvis me-5 Svideulis SabaTs sruldeba.

amasTan, igi oTx nawilad iyofa, yoveli maTgani Seicavs sam kondaksa da

sam ikoss da iwyeba da mTavrdeba kukulioniT. es nawilebi sruldeba:

a) fsalmunTa pirveli stiqologiis (kaTizmis24) Semdeg, b) fsalmunTa

meore stiqologiis Semdeg, g) kanonis me-3 galobis Semdeg da d)

kanonis me-6 galobis Semdeg.

6. i6. i6. i6. i6. i pako (pako (pako (pako (pako (u2pakoh1u2pakoh1u2pakoh1u2pakoh1u2pakoh1)))))

ipako troparuli xasiaTis strofs warmoadgens. igi sruldeba

kviris SuaRamianze kanonis Semdeg, kviris ciskarze aRsavlebis win da

zogierT dResaswaulze kanonis me-3 galobis Semdgom (wardgomis

nacvlad). ipakos galobis dros dajdoma ar aris nebadarTuli. ipakoebi

Tavdapirveli saxiT warmoadgendnen kondakaruli tipis melodiebs,

anu ganviTarebuli melizmaturi xasiaTis melodiebs, magram mogvianebiT

praqtikaSi Semovida maTi kiTxva da ipakos, rogorc sagaloblis roli

Semcirda.

7. aRsavali (antifoni - 7. aRsavali (antifoni - 7. aRsavali (antifoni - 7. aRsavali (antifoni - 7. aRsavali (antifoni - to‘ a3nti1fwnonto‘ a3nti1fwnonto‘ a3nti1fwnonto‘ a3nti1fwnonto‘ a3nti1fwnon)))))

saeklesio gadmocemis Tanaxmad, wm. egnate RmerTSemosilma angelozebi

ixila, romlebic wmida samebas monacvleobiT ugalobdnen, ris Semdegac

antioqiis eklesiaSi man antifonuri galoba daadgina. aRsavlebi

(antifonuri sagaloblebi) ewodeba im sagaloblebs, romlebic

aucileblad orive klirosze igalobeba, anu ori gundis mier

monacvleobiT, mimogdebiT. gvaqvs ramdenime saxis aRsavali:

1) liturgiaSi aRsavlebi ewodeba im fsalmunebs, romlebic igalobeba

wirvis dasawyisSi didi kvereqsis Semdeg. Tavis mxriv, isini

gansxvavebul dReebSi gansxvavebulni arian:

a) did, sameufo dResaswaulebze igalobeba sxvadasxva fsalmunis

muxlebi, amasTan:

• pirvel aRsavalSi fsalmunis muxlebs Soris CaerTvis:

“meoxebiTa RuTismSobelisameoxebiTa RuTismSobelisameoxebiTa RuTismSobelisameoxebiTa RuTismSobelisameoxebiTa RuTismSobelisa��Ta, macxovar, gvacxovnen CuenTa, macxovar, gvacxovnen CuenTa, macxovar, gvacxovnen CuenTa, macxovar, gvacxovnen CuenTa, macxovar, gvacxovnen Cuen”.

damasrulebel muxlad igalobeba “didebadidebadidebadidebadideba�� . . . awda . . . awda . . . awda . . . awda . . . awda . . “ da

kvlav CasarTavi;

• meore aRsavalSi fsalmunis muxlebs Soris CaerTvis:

“gvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RuTisaogvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RuTisaogvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RuTisaogvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RuTisaogvacxovnen Cven, Zeo RuTisao”, am sityvebs Semdeg mosdevs

dResaswaulis sityvebi (mag., paseqis dResaswaulze -

“aRgomilo mkudreTiT”,“aRgomilo mkudreTiT”,“aRgomilo mkudreTiT”,“aRgomilo mkudreTiT”,“aRgomilo mkudreTiT”, Sobis dResaswaulze - “SobiloSobiloSobiloSobiloSobilo

24 kaTizma (berZnuli kaqizw – dan, iTargmneba – “dajdoma”). ase iwodebafsalmunTa kiTxva msaxurebaze, romlis drosac msmenelebs neba eZlevaT, dasxdnen.

71

qalwulisaganqalwulisaganqalwulisaganqalwulisaganqalwulisagan”) da dasasrul: “mgalobelni Senni, aliluiamgalobelni Senni, aliluiamgalobelni Senni, aliluiamgalobelni Senni, aliluiamgalobelni Senni, aliluia”,

bolos wina muxlad igalobeba “didebadidebadidebadidebadideba��”, xolo bolo muxlad

- “awdaawdaawdaawdaawda”, romelsac mohyveba “mxolodSobilo ZeomxolodSobilo ZeomxolodSobilo ZeomxolodSobilo ZeomxolodSobilo Zeo”;

• mesame aRsavalSi muxlebs Soris CaerTvis dResaswaulis

tropari.

b) kvira dReebSi da sxva dResaswaulebzec igalobeba aRsavlebi.

amasTan, pirveli ori aRsavali 102-e da 145-e fsalmunis

muxlebisagan Sedgeba. maT ewodebaT gamomsaxvelobiTi antifonebi;

xolo mesame aRsavlad igalobeba momixseneni, romlis muxlebs

CaerTvis an sagangebo dasdeblebi an dResaswaulis kanonis me-

3 da me-6 (SesaZloa sxvac) galobis troparebi.

g) sadag dReebSi aseve igalobeba sami aRsavali, romelic Sedgeba

me-9, 92-e da 94-e fsalmunis muxlebisagan.

2) aRsavalad iwodeba aseve fsalmunTa pirveli kanonis sami “didebadidebadidebadidebadideba��”,

romelic igalobeba SabaTs mwuxrze da dResaswaulebze.

3) aRsavli ewodeba sam troparuli xasiaTis strofs, romelic

igalobeba kviris ciskarze saxarebis win, orive gundis mier

monacvleobiT; amasTan, erTi gundis mier Sesrulebul yovel strofs

aucileblad imeorebs meore gundi (SegaxsenebT, rom galobas

yovelTvis iwyebs marjvena gundi). yovel xmaSi gvaqvs sami aseTi

aRsavali da yoveli maTgani sami strofisagan Sedgeba. magram me-8

xmaSi gvaqvs ara sami, aramed oTxi aRsavali. isini Seadgina wm. ioane

damaskelma da ewodeba xarisxis aRsavlebi xarisxis aRsavlebi xarisxis aRsavlebi xarisxis aRsavlebi xarisxis aRsavlebi (a3nabaqmoi1a3nabaqmoi1a3nabaqmoi1a3nabaqmoi1a3nabaqmoi1): TavisiSinaarsiT isini emyarebian 119-133 fsalmunebs, romlebsac ebraelebTan

ewodeboda xarisxis sagaloblebi. im dResaswaulebze, romelTaTvisac

ciskarSi dadgenilia saxarebis wakiTxva, yovelTvis igalobeba me-4

xmis pirveli aRsavali: “siyrmiT CemiTgan”.“siyrmiT CemiTgan”.“siyrmiT CemiTgan”.“siyrmiT CemiTgan”.“siyrmiT CemiTgan”.

8. wargoma wargoma wargoma wargoma wargoma (to‘ prokei1menonto‘ prokei1menonto‘ prokei1menonto‘ prokei1menonto‘ prokei1menon)

Tavdapirvelad wardgoma warmoadgenda fsalmunis nawils (iSviaTad

mTel fsalmuns), amJamad ki – fsalmunidan mxolod erT an or muxls.

wardgoma uSualod win uswrebs saxarebis kiTxvas da antifonur-

responsoruli saxiT sruldeba. mkiTxveli (tipikonis Tanaxmad –

kananarxi) acxadebs xmas da warmoTqvams fsalmunis muxls, romelic

unda gaimeoros gundma - mgaloblebi am muxls galoben. galobis

Semdeg mkiTxveli warmoTqvams fsalmunis Semdeg muxls, razec mgaloblebi

(Tu arsebobs saSualeba – meore gundi) upasuxeben kvlav pirveli

muxlis galobiT. dasasrul mkiTxveli warmoTqvams ganmeorebadi muxlis

pirvel naxevars - amiT mgaloblebsa da msmenelebs mianiSnebs, rom

wardgoma mTavrdeba - razec mgaloblebi upasuxeben muxlis darCenili

72

meore naxevris galobiT25. wardgomis kiTxvis dros mkiTxveli yovelTvis

dgas Sua taZarSi (saxelwodebac aqedanaa warmomdgari – mkiTxveli

win wardgeba, raTa Tqvas wardgomis muxlebi), xolo mgaloblebi –

TavTavianT adgilebze.

arsebobs wardgomis ori gansxvavebuli saxe:

a) Cveulebrivi wardgoma, rodesac erTi ganmeorebadi muxli samjer

igalobeba, xolo mkiTxveli ganmeorebad muxls Soris kiTxulobs

erT gansxvavebul muxls;

b) didi wardgoma, romelic Sedgeba oTxi muxlisagan, romelTa Soris

meordeba erTi muxli. es wardgomac, iseve rogorc Cveulebrivi

wardgoma, mkiTxvelisa da mgaloblebis mier ganmeorebadi muxlis

gayofili wakiTxva-galobiT mTavrdeba. didi wardgomebi sruldeba

SabaTs mwuxrze (“ufali sufevs”) da aTormetTagan sauflo

dResaswaulebis Semdgom mwuxrebze.

liturgiis wardgomebis teqstebi Seexeba dRis (dResaswaulis)

mTavar Temas. magaliTad, sulTmofenobis dResaswaulis wardgomis

teqstad aRebulia me-18 fsalmunis me-4 muxlis pirveli naxevari:

yovelsa queyanasa ganxda xmayovelsa queyanasa ganxda xmayovelsa queyanasa ganxda xmayovelsa queyanasa ganxda xmayovelsa queyanasa ganxda xma�� maTi maTi maTi maTi maTi

da kideTa soflisaTa sityuani maTni da kideTa soflisaTa sityuani maTni da kideTa soflisaTa sityuani maTni da kideTa soflisaTa sityuani maTni da kideTa soflisaTa sityuani maTni

xolo Sualeduri muxlisaTvis aRebulia imave fsalmunis me-2 strofi:

dRe dResa auwyebs sityuasadRe dResa auwyebs sityuasadRe dResa auwyebs sityuasadRe dResa auwyebs sityuasadRe dResa auwyebs sityuasa

da Rame Ramesa miuTxrobs mecnierebasa. da Rame Ramesa miuTxrobs mecnierebasa. da Rame Ramesa miuTxrobs mecnierebasa. da Rame Ramesa miuTxrobs mecnierebasa. da Rame Ramesa miuTxrobs mecnierebasa.

wardgomaTa melodiebi, Cveulebriv, aris mokle, silabur-nevmaturi

agebulebis.

liturgiis garda wardgomebi dadgenilia mwuxrzec (dRis

wardgomebi) da ciskarzec. Svideulis yovel dRes aqvs Tavisi ucvleli

samwuxro wardgoma. ciskarze ki wardgomebi dadgenilia im SemTxvevisTvis,

rodesac ikiTxeba saxareba. isini xmebisa da dResaswaulebis mixedviT

icvlebian.

25 dResdReobiT, rodesac saxezea ori gundi, wardgoma ase igalobeba: kananarxi

acxadebs xmas da wardgomis pirvel or sam sityvas (mag.: “meeqvse, ufali sufevs”); a

gundi galobs wargomis muxls; b gundi imeorebs am muxls; kananarxi kiTxulobs

wardgomis meore muxls mTlianad; a gundi galobs wardgomis pirvel naxevars, b

gundi – wardgomis meore naxevars. Tu wardgomas orze meti muxli aqvs, rogorc

“ufali sufevs”-s an did wardgomebs, maSin kananrxi agrZelebs Semdeg muxlebs da

gundebic monacvleobiT imeoreben pirvel muxls, xolo, rodesac kananarxi ityvis

bolo muxls, maSin a gundi galobs pirvel naxevars, b gundi ki – meores.

73

9. aliluiari9. aliluiari9. aliluiari9. aliluiari9. aliluiari26.....

igi warmoadgens “aliluiasa” da fsalmunis 1-2 muxlis monacvleobiT

galobas. rogorc wesi, “aliluia” 3-jer igalobeba. TiToeul maTgans

mohyveba fsalmunis Sualeduri muxli. es Sualeduri muxlebi TavianTi

SinaarsiT dRis mTavar movlenas ukavSirdebian. saRmrTo liturgiaze

aliluiari win uswrebs saxarebis kiTxvas. unda vicodeT, rom

“aliluias” galoba samociqulos damamTavrebel galobas ki ar

warmoadgens, aramed igi Semdgomi saxarebis wardgomaa. liturgiuli

aliluiari warmoiTqmis da igalobeba zustad iseve, rogorc wardgoma:

mkiTxveli acxadebs xmas, romelzec unda igalobebodes “aliluia”,

mgalobelTa (Tu ori gundia – pirveli) gundi galobs “aliluias”;

mkiTxveli kiTxulobs fsalmunis dadgenil muxls, mgalobelTa (Tu

oria – meore) gundi isev galobs “aliluias”; mkiTxveli kiTxulobs

Semdeg muxls fsalmunidan, razec mgalobelTa (Tu ori gundia –

pirveli) gundi kvlav upasuxebs “aliluias”. magaliTad, uflis amaRlebis

dResaswaulis liturgiaze aliluiarisTvis aRebulia 46-e fsalmunis

me-5 muxli:

amaRlda RmerTi RaRadebiTaamaRlda RmerTi RaRadebiTaamaRlda RmerTi RaRadebiTaamaRlda RmerTi RaRadebiTaamaRlda RmerTi RaRadebiTa

da ufali xmiTa sayvirisa da ufali xmiTa sayvirisa da ufali xmiTa sayvirisa da ufali xmiTa sayvirisa da ufali xmiTa sayvirisa��Ta.Ta.Ta.Ta.Ta.

xolo Sualeduri muxlisaTvis aRebulia imave fsalmunis pirveli

muxli:

yovelTa warmarTTa aRityueleniT xelni Tquenni,yovelTa warmarTTa aRityueleniT xelni Tquenni,yovelTa warmarTTa aRityueleniT xelni Tquenni,yovelTa warmarTTa aRityueleniT xelni Tquenni,yovelTa warmarTTa aRityueleniT xelni Tquenni,

RaRadebdiT RmrTisa mimarT xmiTa sixarulisa RaRadebdiT RmrTisa mimarT xmiTa sixarulisa RaRadebdiT RmrTisa mimarT xmiTa sixarulisa RaRadebdiT RmrTisa mimarT xmiTa sixarulisa RaRadebdiT RmrTisa mimarT xmiTa sixarulisa��Ta.Ta.Ta.Ta.Ta.

aliluiaris Tanamedrove Sesruleba dayvanilia “aliluias”

samjerad galobaze; amasTan, erTsa da imave hangze. swored aseTi

Sesrulebis gamo iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom aliluiari aris

saxarebis win damTavrebuli samociqulos daboloeba da ara

saxarebis wardgoma. aliluiaris swori Sesruleba Semdegnairia:

mkiTxveli: “xma “xma “xma “xma “xma N, aliluia” aliluia” aliluia” aliluia” aliluia”

I gundi:I gundi:I gundi:I gundi:I gundi: 3-jer galobs “aliluias” gamocxadebul xmaze

mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli: kiTxulobs aliluiaris pirvel muxls

II gundi:II gundi:II gundi:II gundi:II gundi: galobs 3-jer “aliluias”

mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli:mkiTxveli: kiTxulobs aliluiaris meore muxls

26 berZnuli #allhlou1i~a Eebrauli hallelu jah–dan (aqebdiT RmerTsa)

74

27\umeteswilad praqtikaSi amas emateba “dideba . . . awdac” – mkiTxveli fsalmunis

muxlebs rom daasrulebs, ambobs: “didebadidebadidebadidebadideba� . . . awda . .� . . . awda . .� . . . awda . .� . . . awda . .� . . . awda . . “ imis niSnad, romaliluiari mTavrdeba. mgaloblebi aliluias meoTxed galoben. …28 berZnebs aqvT dayofili: “eqsapostelarioni” aweria kvirisa da dResaswaulis

ganmanaTleblebs, xolo “fotagogikoni” aweria didmarxvis ganmanaTleblebs.

qarTulSi ki, ZiriTadad, “ganmanaTlebeli” gamoiyeneba.29 paraklitonSi weria: “dasawyisi eqsapostelarionTa, e.i. ganmanaTlebelTaeqsapostelarionTa, e.i. ganmanaTlebelTaeqsapostelarionTa, e.i. ganmanaTlebelTaeqsapostelarionTa, e.i. ganmanaTlebelTaeqsapostelarionTa, e.i. ganmanaTlebelTa”.

I gundi:I gundi:I gundi:I gundi:I gundi: isev galobs 3-jer “aliluias”, riTac sruldeba

aliluiari27.

10. dasafarebi, katavasia (10. dasafarebi, katavasia (10. dasafarebi, katavasia (10. dasafarebi, katavasia (10. dasafarebi, katavasia (katabasi1a, katabai1nwkatabasi1a, katabai1nwkatabasi1a, katabai1nwkatabasi1a, katabai1nwkatabasi1a, katabai1nw - dan – - dan – - dan – - dan – - dan –

“dabla veSvebi”)“dabla veSvebi”)“dabla veSvebi”)“dabla veSvebi”)“dabla veSvebi”)

saxeldobr, katavasia ewodeba Sua taZarSi orive gundis erT

gundad SeerTebas. am dros gundebi TavianTi adgilebidan Camodiodnen

da SeerTebulni Sua taZarSi galobdnen ama Tu im sagalobels.

katavasia aseve ewodeboda sagalobels, romelsac galobda erTi

mgalobeli, romelic mis sagaloblad Camodioda ambionidan. Cvens

droSi ki katavasia ewodeba kanonis Zlispirs, romliTac kanonis

zogierTi an yvela galoba dasruldeba (ix. zeviT).

11. ganmanaTlebeli, gamoavline (11. ganmanaTlebeli, gamoavline (11. ganmanaTlebeli, gamoavline (11. ganmanaTlebeli, gamoavline (11. ganmanaTlebeli, gamoavline (fwtagwikw1nfwtagwikw1nfwtagwikw1nfwtagwikw1nfwtagwikw1n), eqsapostelarioni), eqsapostelarioni), eqsapostelarioni), eqsapostelarioni), eqsapostelarioni

( ( ( ( (exapostila1ion exapostila1ion exapostila1ion exapostila1ion exapostila1ion )))))28

es aris troparis tipis strofi, romelic ciskarze kanonis

Semdgom igalobeba. misi saxelwodeba “eqsapostelarioni”

(exaposte1llw-dan – vagzavni, warvgzavni), savaraudod, aRniSnavsSemdeg moqmedebas: mgalobelTa wridan eqsapostelarionis

sagaloblad erTi mgalobeli gamoiyofa da Sua taZarSi an ambionze

warigzavneba. arsebobs sxva axsnac: saxelwodeba eqsapostiliari

warmodgeba misi Sinaarsidan - 11 sakvirao eqsapostelarionSi

saubaria mociqulTa saqadageblad wargzavnaze, magram es axsna

miesadageba mxolod am 11 sakvirao eqsapostelarions (romelic

dakavSirebulia 11 sakvirao saxarebasTan), sadag da sadResaswaulo

dReebSi ki eqsapostelarions sxvadasxva Sinaarsi aqvs. amitom

unda vivaraudoT, rom es saxelwodeba isev misi galobis xerxidan

warmodgeba – rogorc zemoT iTqva, mis sagaloblad warigzavneba

mgalobeli.

rac Seexeba saxelwodeba “ganmanaTlebels”29, igi SesaZloa

warmodga am sagaloblis teqstis Sinaarsidan – masSi xSiradaa

saubari sinaTleze da ganaTlebaze. magaliTad, naTlisRebis

dResaswaulis ganmanaTlebeli ambobs:

75

gancxadna macxovari, naTeli WeSmariti,gancxadna macxovari, naTeli WeSmariti,gancxadna macxovari, naTeli WeSmariti,gancxadna macxovari, naTeli WeSmariti,gancxadna macxovari, naTeli WeSmariti,

mdinaresa iordanisasa, mdinaresa iordanisasa, mdinaresa iordanisasa, mdinaresa iordanisasa, mdinaresa iordanisasa,

da bnelsa Sina da aCrdilTa da bnelsa Sina da aCrdilTa da bnelsa Sina da aCrdilTa da bnelsa Sina da aCrdilTa da bnelsa Sina da aCrdilTa

mZinareni ganarinna, mZinareni ganarinna, mZinareni ganarinna, mZinareni ganarinna, mZinareni ganarinna,

movida da gancxadna, movida da gancxadna, movida da gancxadna, movida da gancxadna, movida da gancxadna,

naTeli igi usxeulo naTeli igi usxeulo naTeli igi usxeulo naTeli igi usxeulo naTeli igi usxeulo��.....

magram gvxvdeba iseTi ganmanaTleblebic (mag. miZinebis ganmanaTlebeli),

romlebSic ar aris saubari sinaTlesa da ganaTlebaze.

12. ganicadeni (12. ganicadeni (12. ganicadeni (12. ganicadeni (12. ganicadeni (koinwniko1nkoinwniko1nkoinwniko1nkoinwniko1nkoinwniko1n).).).).).

esaa muxli fsalmunidan (iSviaTad - raime sxva teqsti wmida

werilidan), romelic RvTismsaxurTa ziarebis dros igalobeba da

“aliluias” vrceli da melizmaturi galobiT mTavrdeba. zogjer

“aliluia” ramdenimejer (mag. samgzis) meordeba. ganicadeni SinaarsiT

ukavSirdeba dRis Temas. magaliTad, sulTmofenobis ganicadenia 142-e

fsalmunis me-10 muxlis nawili: “suli Seni saxieri miZRoden me“suli Seni saxieri miZRoden me“suli Seni saxieri miZRoden me“suli Seni saxieri miZRoden me“suli Seni saxieri miZRoden me

queyanasa wrfelsa, aliluia”.queyanasa wrfelsa, aliluia”.queyanasa wrfelsa, aliluia”.queyanasa wrfelsa, aliluia”.queyanasa wrfelsa, aliluia”. imis gamo, rom ganicadenma unda Seavsos

dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic RvTismsaxurni eziarebian sakurTxevelSi,

misi melodiebi, Cveulebriv, melizmaturi saxisaa30.

Tanamedrove praqtikam, gansakuTrebiT evropuli mravalxmiani galobis

gavrcelebisa da Tavisufali galobaTSemoqmedebis damkvidrebis Semdeg,

RvTismsaxurTa sakurTxevelSi ziarebis dros dauSva sxva sagalobelTa

galobac, romelTac xSirad araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs dRis,

dResaswaulis TematikasTan31.

4.5. miTiTebebi ti4.5. miTiTebebi ti4.5. miTiTebebi ti4.5. miTiTebebi ti4.5. miTiTebebi ti pikonSipikonSipikonSipikonSipikonSi

rogorc zemoT iTqva, erT tonze kiTxva musikaluri elementis

gamovlinebis yvelaze martiv formas warmoadgens. meore poluss

29 Cveni dakvirvebiT, saxelwodeba “ganicadeni” damkvidrebulia didmarxvis

RvTismsaxurebidan. didmarxvis ganicadenSi naTqvamia – “ganicadeT da ixileT”.

savaraudod, aqedan daerqva “ganicadeni” RvTismsaxurebis am momentisaTvis nagalobeb

yvela sagalobels yoveli dRisTvis.30 Cveni TvalsazrisiT, es araswori praqtikaa. galoba ar unda iqces musikalur

gaformebad. igi ar unda daSordes dRis Temas. magaliTad, aTonis mTaze

“ganicadenTan” erTad, rodesac igi ar aris sakmarisi im drois Sesavsebad, romlis

manZilzec RvTismsaxurni eziarebian sakurTxevelSi, ikiTxeba ziarebis locvebis

garkveuli nawili.

76

warmoadgens sazeimo, gamSvenebuli, uxvad Semkobili, gaformebuli

galoba gundisa. es ori saxe da maT Soris moTavsebuli gradaciebi

erTobliobaSi qmnian musikalur mTlianobas, romelSic yovel

maTgans aqvs misTvis gansazRvruli, mkvidri adgili. ar SeiZleba

TviTneburad, piradi gemovnebis mixedviT icvlebodes Sesrulebis

erTi saxe meoreTi, erTi xma _ sxva xmiT. saRvTismsaxuro

sagaloblebis SesrulebisaTvis wesdebiT (tipikoniT) gansazRvrulia

musikaluri elementis sxvadasxva gradacia, sxvadasxva

TanmimdevrobiTa da sxvadasxva kombinaciiT, rac RvTismsaxurebas

musikalur-liturgiuli TvalsazrisiT erT ideologiur da

musikalur mTlianobad aqcevs. am mTlianobis SenarCunebisaTvis

aucilebelia msaxurebis Catareba tipikonis mixedviT, anu galobis

Sesruleba tipikonSi miTiTebuli xmebisa da melodiebis Sesabamisad.

am TvalsazrisiT, SeuZlebelia saRvTismsaxuro galobis Tavad

RvTismsaxurebisagan gancalkeveba da misi mxolod musikaluri

TvalsazrisiT ganxilva, SeuZlebelia misi gamoyofa tipikonisagan,

RvTismsaxurebis struqturisagan, misi rigisa da wesisagan.

struqtura, forma da teqstebi im faqtorebs warmoadgenen, romlebic

musikalur fenomens iyeneben da saRvTismsaxuro rigiT dalagebul

sityvas da am sityviT gamoxatul ideas Seesabamebian. amgvarad,

musikaluri stiqia RvTismsaxurebaSi gamomdinareobs Tavad

RvTismsaxurebidan.

saRvTismsaxuro wesdeba (tipikoni) awesrigebs saRvTismsaxuro

moqmedebebis, kiTxvisa da galobis rigsa da wess, Seicavs galobis

Sesaxeb miTiTebebs, romlebic asaxaven, Tu romel xmaSi igalobeba

sagalobeli, romeli sagalobeli warmoadgens TviTxmovans (e.w.

automeloni, romelic igalobeba sakuTari melodiiT), romeli

warmoadgens msgavss (e.w. prosomia), anu igalobeba miTiTebuli

TviTxmovnis melodiiT (es miTiTeba win uZRvis am sagalobebls

e.w. wanamZRvris (prologosis) saxiT). zogierT SemTxvevaSi wesdeba

iseT miTiTebebsac Seicavs, Tu rogor unda SevasruloT sagalobeli.

mravali ram, rac tipikonSi ar iwereboda, rogorc yoveldRiuri

saRvTismsaxuro praqtikidan yvelasaTvis kargad cnobili, Seadgenda

da dResac Seadgens saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo praqtikis nawils,

Sesabamisad - marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gadmocemas (ix. i. gardneris

dasaxelebuli wigni, gv. 7732).

32 "ñîñòàâëÿëî è ñîñòàâëÿåòú äî ñèõú ïîðú ÷àñòü áîãîñëóæåáíî-ïåâ÷åñêîãî ïðåäàíèÿ;ïîñëåäíåå æå îòíîñîòñÿ êú ïðåäàíèþ ïðàâîñëàâíîé öåðêâè âîîáùå”.

77

kerZod, ivane gardneri wers (gv. 78-79): “amasTan mxedvelobidanamasTan mxedvelobidanamasTan mxedvelobidanamasTan mxedvelobidanamasTan mxedvelobidan

ar unda gamogvrCes,ar unda gamogvrCes,ar unda gamogvrCes,ar unda gamogvrCes,ar unda gamogvrCes, rom ru rom ru rom ru rom ru rom rusuli eklesiis Tanamedrove tisuli eklesiis Tanamedrove tisuli eklesiis Tanamedrove tisuli eklesiis Tanamedrove tisuli eklesiis Tanamedrove tipikonipikonipikonipikonipikoni

warmoadgens warmoadgens warmoadgens warmoadgens warmoadgens RvTismsaxurebis monastrul wessRvTismsaxurebis monastrul wessRvTismsaxurebis monastrul wessRvTismsaxurebis monastrul wessRvTismsaxurebis monastrul wess (gamoyofa

teqstSi avtoriseulia –a .u .) . saxeldobr, monastrul. saxeldobr, monastrul. saxeldobr, monastrul. saxeldobr, monastrul. saxeldobr, monastrul

RvTismsaxurebaSi ufro metadaa Semonaxuli gadmocemaRvTismsaxurebaSi ufro metadaa Semonaxuli gadmocemaRvTismsaxurebaSi ufro metadaa Semonaxuli gadmocemaRvTismsaxurebaSi ufro metadaa Semonaxuli gadmocemaRvTismsaxurebaSi ufro metadaa Semonaxuli gadmocema

saRvTismsaxuro galobis, rogorc Sesrulebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb.saRvTismsaxuro galobis, rogorc Sesrulebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb.saRvTismsaxuro galobis, rogorc Sesrulebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb.saRvTismsaxuro galobis, rogorc Sesrulebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb.saRvTismsaxuro galobis, rogorc Sesrulebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb.

am TvalsazrisiT, saero eklesiebi Zalian daSordnen sazogadodam TvalsazrisiT, saero eklesiebi Zalian daSordnen sazogadodam TvalsazrisiT, saero eklesiebi Zalian daSordnen sazogadodam TvalsazrisiT, saero eklesiebi Zalian daSordnen sazogadodam TvalsazrisiT, saero eklesiebi Zalian daSordnen sazogadod

saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo galobas . . . amasTan,saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo galobas . . . amasTan,saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo galobas . . . amasTan,saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo galobas . . . amasTan,saRvTismsaxuro-samgaloblo galobas . . . amasTan, ti ti ti ti tipikoniseulipikoniseulipikoniseulipikoniseulipikoniseuli

miTiTebebi RvTismsaxurebis ama Tu im nawilis an calkeulimiTiTebebi RvTismsaxurebis ama Tu im nawilis an calkeulimiTiTebebi RvTismsaxurebis ama Tu im nawilis an calkeulimiTiTebebi RvTismsaxurebis ama Tu im nawilis an calkeulimiTiTebebi RvTismsaxurebis ama Tu im nawilis an calkeuli

sagaloblebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnaven am RvTismsaxurebissagaloblebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnaven am RvTismsaxurebissagaloblebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnaven am RvTismsaxurebissagaloblebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnaven am RvTismsaxurebissagaloblebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnaven am RvTismsaxurebis

musi k alur-s a m g aloblo gaforme b is musi k alur-s a m g aloblo gaforme b is musi k alur-s a m g aloblo gaforme b is musi k alur-s a m g aloblo gaforme b is musi k alur-s a m g aloblo gaforme b is sisrulessisrulessisrulessisrulessisrules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

s aRvTis ms axuro (zogjer ki aras aRvTis ms axuro , m a g .s aRvTis ms axuro (zogjer ki aras aRvTis ms axuro , m a g .s aRvTis ms axuro (zogjer ki aras aRvTis ms axuro , m a g .s aRvTis ms axuro (zogjer ki aras aRvTis ms axuro , m a g .s aRvTis ms axuro (zogjer ki aras aRvTis ms axuro , m a g .

“koncertebi”) teqstebze dawerili“koncertebi”) teqstebze dawerili“koncertebi”) teqstebze dawerili“koncertebi”) teqstebze dawerili“koncertebi”) teqstebze dawerili gunduri samgaloblogunduri samgaloblogunduri samgaloblogunduri samgaloblogunduri samgaloblo

(igulisxmeba polifoniuri – a.u.) mumumumumusikis mier tisikis mier tisikis mier tisikis mier tisikis mier tipikoniseuli,pikoniseuli,pikoniseuli,pikoniseuli,pikoniseuli,

rusuli eklesiis da arse b is droida n g admoce muli ,rusuli eklesiis da arse b is droida n g admoce muli ,rusuli eklesiis da arse b is droida n g admoce muli ,rusuli eklesiis da arse b is droida n g admoce muli ,rusuli eklesiis da arse b is droida n g admoce muli ,

saRvTismsaxuro galobis gandevnis Sedegad mravalni angariSssaRvTismsaxuro galobis gandevnis Sedegad mravalni angariSssaRvTismsaxuro galobis gandevnis Sedegad mravalni angariSssaRvTismsaxuro galobis gandevnis Sedegad mravalni angariSssaRvTismsaxuro galobis gandevnis Sedegad mravalni angariSs

aRar uweven tiaRar uweven tiaRar uweven tiaRar uweven tiaRar uweven tipikonis miTiTebebs . . . xolo wesdeba-tipikonis miTiTebebs . . . xolo wesdeba-tipikonis miTiTebebs . . . xolo wesdeba-tipikonis miTiTebebs . . . xolo wesdeba-tipikonis miTiTebebs . . . xolo wesdeba-tipikoni,pikoni,pikoni,pikoni,pikoni,

praqtikulad, saxelmZRvanelod darCa mxolod monastrebSi,praqtikulad, saxelmZRvanelod darCa mxolod monastrebSi,praqtikulad, saxelmZRvanelod darCa mxolod monastrebSi,praqtikulad, saxelmZRvanelod darCa mxolod monastrebSi,praqtikulad, saxelmZRvanelod darCa mxolod monastrebSi,

isic ufro keTilsindisieri da liturgikulad ganaTlebuliisic ufro keTilsindisieri da liturgikulad ganaTlebuliisic ufro keTilsindisieri da liturgikulad ganaTlebuliisic ufro keTilsindisieri da liturgikulad ganaTlebuliisic ufro keTilsindisieri da liturgikulad ganaTlebuli

winamZRvrebisTvis da moSurne mgaloblebisTviswinamZRvrebisTvis da moSurne mgaloblebisTviswinamZRvrebisTvis da moSurne mgaloblebisTviswinamZRvrebisTvis da moSurne mgaloblebisTviswinamZRvrebisTvis da moSurne mgaloblebisTvis.”33

saRvTismsaxuro tipikonebSi cvlilebebis gaCena gadawerebis dros

gadamwerTa mier daSvebuli uzustobebiT aris gamowveuli. am da zogierTi

sxva faqtoris zemoqmedebiT axali tradicia cvlis tipikoniseul

gansazRvrulobas da saeklesio gadmocemas. ufro seriozuli

cvlilebebi ki sxvadasxva drois reformatorul qmedebebTan aris

dakavSirebuli.

saqarTvelos eklesiaSi moqmed tipikonTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi miTiTebuli galobebi warmoadgenen

damaskeliseuli kanonikiT Seqmnil sagaloblebs, xolo miTiTebuli

xmebi damskeliseuli kanonikuri xmebia. cnobilia, rom ioane damaskelma

33 “Ïðè ýòîì íåëüçÿ óïóñêàòü èçú âèäà, ÷òî ñîâðåìåííûé Òèïèêîí ðóññêîé öåðêâè èìååòâú âèäó ìîíàñòûðñêèé ïîðÿäîêú áîãîñëóæåíèé. À èìåííî âú ìîíàñòûðñêîìáîãîñëóæåíèè áîëüøå ñîõðàíèëîñü ïðåäàíèå õàðàêòåðà èñïîëíåíèÿ áîãîñëóæåáíàãîïåíèÿ êàê îäíîé èçú ôîðì ú ñàìàãî áîãîñëóæåíèÿ. Âú ýòîìú îòíîøåíèè ìèðñêèÿ öåðêâèî÷åíü äàëåêî îòîøëè îòú áîãîñëóæåáíî-ïåâ÷åñêàãî ïðåäàíèÿ âîîáùå . . . Ìåæäó òåìú,óñòàâíûÿ óêàçàíèÿ õàðàêòåðà èñïîëíåíèÿ òåõú èëè èíûõú ÷àñòåé áîãîñëóæåíèÿ, èëèîòäåëüíûõ ïåñíîïåíèé, èìåþò âú âèäó öåëîñòíîñòü ìóçûêàëüíî-ïåâ÷åñêàãî îôîðìëåíèÿäàííàãî áîãîñëóæåíèÿ . . . Îäíîâðåìåííî ñú âûòåñíåíèåìú óñòàâíîãî ðóññêàãî,ïðåäàííàãî îòú îñíîâàíèÿ ðóññêîé öåðêâè, áîãîñëóæåáíàãî ïåíèÿ, õîðîâîé ïåâ÷åñêîéìóçûêîé íà áîãîñëóæåáíûå (à èíîãäà è íå áîãîñëóæåáíûå, íàïð. «êîíöåðòû») òåêñòû, -ìíîãèå ïåðåñòàëè ñ÷èòàòüñÿ ñ óêàçàíèÿìè óñòàâà . . . à óñòàâú-òèïèêîíú îñòàëñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêèðóêîâîäñòâóþùèì òîëüêî â ìîíàñòûðÿõú, äà ó íàèáîëåå äîáðîñîâåñòíûõú è ëèòóðãè÷åñêè– îáðàçîâàííûõ íàñòîÿòåëåé ïðèõîäîâú è ó ðåâíîñòíûõú ïñàëîìùèêîâú. . .. . “

78

Seqmna “rva xmaTa” (oqtoixosi), anu paraklitoni. aseve man sxvadasxva

dResaswaulisaTvis 60-ze meti kanoni Seqmna. droTa ganmavlobaSi

damaskeliseuli melodiebis safuZvelze, kanonikis dacviT eklesiis

wiaRSi Seiqmna mravali sagalobeli: daemata iseTi dReebisa da

dResaswaulebis sagaloblebi, romlebic damaskelis qmnilebaTa siaSi

ar iyo Sesuli. saqarTveloSi moqmed tipikonsa da saRvTismsaxuro

wignebSi damaskeliseuli kanonikuri (anu bizantiuri) galoba romaa

daculi da miTiTebuli, amis utyuari dasturia saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi

arsebuli miTiTebebi sagaloblisa da maTi avtorebis Sesaxeb. es

miTiTeba warmoadgens moTxovnas, rom unda Sesruldes esa da es

sagalobeli, Seqmnili ama da am himnograf-kompozitoris mier. rac

Seexeba saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi dasaxelebul himnograf-kompozitorebs,

romlebic damaskeliseuli kanonikiT qmnidnen sagaloblebs, arian

bizantiur sagalobelTa Semqmnelebi, bizantiuri galobis himnograf-

kompozitorebi. saqarTveloSi moqmed saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi swored

isinia dasaxelebuli: Tavad ioane damaskeli (ioane monazoni), kosma

maiumeli (kosma monazoni), Teodore studieli, pavle amoreveli, mitrofane

smirneli, konstantine porfirosani, leon brZeni, ioane evqaiteli, stefane,

iosebi, anatoli, niloqsanTopulo, germane, bizantosi da sxva mravali

himnograf-kompozitori.

ase magaliTad, aRdgomis kanoni, anu paseqis kanoni dawera ioane

damaskelma. amaze miuTiTebs warwera: “qmnuli uflisa ioane damaskelisa,

xma a”, xolo jvarTamaRlebis kanoni Seqmnilia kosma maiumelis mier

da aweria: “qmnuli uflisa kosmasi, xma �” da a.S. es kanonebi igalobeba

ara marto saberZneTSi, aramed ierusalimSi, palestinaSi, bulgareTSi,

serbeTSi, ruseTSi da a.S. - praqtikulad yvela adgilobriv eklesiaSi

igalobeba erTsa da imave melodiebze da mSobliur enebze. saqarTvelos

eklesiis mier gamocemul 2005 wlis saeklesio kalendarSi pirdapiraa

aRniSnuli: “t�ipikoni saeklesio�, wmidisa keTil-gangebulebisa

wmidisa da RmerTSemosilisa mamisa Cuenisa saba�s lavrisa�,

romeli esreTve iqmnebis sxuaTaca yovelTa monasterTa

Sina palestinisaTa”.

rogorc aRvniSneT, wminda mamaTa mier Seqmnili kanonebis Zlispirebi

Seadgenen ZlispirTa krebuls, irmologions, romelTa melodiebsac

ewodeba saTviTxmovnoebi da am melodiebze igalobeba mravali

sagalobeli, e.w. msgavsebi. saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi saTviTxmovnoze

miTiTeba msgavsis TavSi e.w. wanamZRvris saSualebiT xdeba. magaliTad,

wanamZRvari: “marjuenamarjuenamarjuenamarjuenamarjuena�� Seni Seni Seni Seni Seni”, romelic saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi pirveli

xmis mraval sagalobels aweria, arniSnavs, rom es sagalobeli igalobeba

Zlispiris - “marjuenamarjuenamarjuenamarjuenamarjuena�� Seni uZlevelis Seni uZlevelis Seni uZlevelis Seni uZlevelis Seni uZlevelis” melodiaze.

79

kidev erTxel xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom dasaxelebuli principiT

aris agebuli yvela saRvTismsaxuro wigni - saTviTxmovno sagaloblebs

Tan axlavs maT SemqmnelTa, wmida mamaTa da gamoCenil SemoqmedTa saxelebi,

xolo msgavsebs – wanamZRvrebi, anu miTiTebebi saTviTxmovnoebze. aseTi

agebuleba - himnograf-kompozitor mamaTa da SemoqmedTa Rvawlis

warmoCenasTan erTad - naTlad Easaxavs saeklesio kanonikuri galobis

gvar-saxeobas, radgan cnobilia, rom dasaxelebuli avtorebi TavianT

sagaloblebs damaskeliseuli kanonikis dacviT werdnen. Sesabamisad,

saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi daculi da miTiTebuli saeklesio sagaloblebi

bizantiur sagaloblebs warmoadgenen.

gavixsenoT, rom saTviTxmovnoebs warmoadgenen ara marto kanonis

Zlispirebi. saTviTxmovnoebi gvxvdeba sxva sagalobelTa jgufebSic:

dasdeblebSi (e.w. stiqaronTa jgufi), troprebSi da a.S. troprebisa

da papadikur sagalobelTa umravlesoba, romlebic igalobeba did

saeklesio dResaswaulebze, warmoadgens TviTxmovnebs, e.w. idiomelonebs,

anu mxolod maTTvis Seqmnil melodiebze igalobeba.

rogorc aRvniSneT, saeklesio kanonikuri (bizantiuri) galobis

sagalobelTa sistema warmoadgens Ria sistemas, rac imas niSnavs, rom

misi kanonikiT, anu damaskeliseuli kanonikiT dResac iqmneba da momavalSic

Seiqmneba axal-axali melodiebi - ara mxolod axal wmindanTa tropar-

kondakebi da sadResaswaulo sagaloblebi, aramed ukve Seqmnili

sagaloblebisTvisac sxva axali melodiebi. ase magaliTad, wirvis

sagaloblisTvis - “romelni qerubimTaromelni qerubimTaromelni qerubimTaromelni qerubimTaromelni qerubimTa” - sxvadasxva avtoris mier

uamravi melodiaa Seqmnili, Tanac erTsa da imave xmaSi am sagaloblis

ramdenime varianti gvaqvs. es sruliad dasaSvebia, - oRond daculi

unda iyos kanonika, romlis mixedviTac mkacrad aris gansazRvruli

xmis musikaluri elementebi da melodiis Sedgenis wesebi.

AzemoTqmuls, imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi

daculi da miTiTebuli xmebi warmoadgenen damaskeliseuli kanonikis,

anu bizantiuri galobis xmebs, davamatebT amonarids Tbilisis sasuliero

akademiisa da seminariis 1995 wlis liturgikuli krebulidan #1,

gv.3: “saeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeulisaeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeulisaeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeulisaeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeulisaeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeuli

sagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmissagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmissagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmissagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmissagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmis

CaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuliCaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuliCaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuliCaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuliCaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuli

locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls.locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls.locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls.locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls.locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls.

erTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobelierTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobelierTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobelierTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobelierTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobeli

saeklesio tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmazesaeklesio tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmazesaeklesio tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmazesaeklesio tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmazesaeklesio tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmaze ar ar ar ar ar

sruldeba sruldeba sruldeba sruldeba sruldeba (xazi Cvenia, a.u.), is mxolod simReraa da ara galoba, is mxolod simReraa da ara galoba, is mxolod simReraa da ara galoba, is mxolod simReraa da ara galoba, is mxolod simReraa da ara galoba

(locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli(locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli(locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli(locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli(locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli

adamianis mSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvnebaadamianis mSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvnebaadamianis mSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvnebaadamianis mSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvnebaadamianis mSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvneba.”

80

Cveni mxriv davamatebT: savsebiT veTanxmebiT moyvanil mosazrebas da

aRvniSnavT, rom Cven arasdros gviTqvams amaze meti da mniSvnelovani,

oRond, Cvenda savalalod, ase mwyobrad da garkveviT es ver SevZeliT.D

damateba 1.damateba 1.damateba 1.damateba 1.damateba 1. eklesiis kanonikuri erTianobiseklesiis kanonikuri erTianobiseklesiis kanonikuri erTianobiseklesiis kanonikuri erTianobiseklesiis kanonikuri erTianobis

mniSvnelobamniSvnelobamniSvnelobamniSvnelobamniSvneloba

Cven ar vamtkicebT, rom kanonikuri erTianoba eklesiis erTianobas

gansazRvravs, magram danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi ganamtkicebs

eklesiis, marTlmadidebeli eris erTianobas. ra Tqma unda, eklesiis

erTianobis upirvelesi safuZvelia RvTismetyvelebis, dogmatebis,

sazogadod saeklesio swavlebis erTianoba, yvela adgilobrivi eklesiis

mier misi upirobo aRiareba da miReba. es aris eklesiis erTianobis

Sinaarsi, es swavleba macxovarma, ieso qristem mogvitana; am principiT

daafuZna man amqveynad WeSmariti eklesia, romelsac ver moereva “bWeni

jojoxeTisani”, dagvitova moZRvreba erTianobisa da ganuyofelobisa.

saeklesio galoba WeSmarit eklesiaSi RvTis mier aris gamocxadebuli

da marTuli. Sedareba da paralelis gatareba im faqtTan, rom adgilobriv

eklesiebSi miRebulia gansxvavebul, mSobliur enebze wirva-locvebis

Catareba, Cveni azriT, ar aris marTebuli. enaTa dayofa RvTis daSvebiT

moxda da isic mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom es iyo ara jildo, aramed

sasjeli kacobriobis ampartavnebisaTvis. xolo rac Seexeba sxva

gamomsaxvelobiT “enaTa”, maT Soris saeklesio xelovnebis “enaTa”

dayofas, aseTi faqti eklesiisTvis ucnobia. erTiani kanonika saeklesio

xelovnebaSi erovnuli, eTnikuri Taviseburebebis Setanas ar gamoricxavs,

magram swored imisTvis arsebobs saeklesio kanonika, swored imitom

cdilobdnen wmida mamebi, SeeqmnaT da daedginaT eklesiaSi galobis,

xatwerisa Tu arqiteqturis kanonebi, rom amiT SeeqmnaT erTiani midgomis

meqanizmebi, raTa eklesia, misi xelovneba miuRebeli formebisagan daecvaT.

damateba 2.damateba 2.damateba 2.damateba 2.damateba 2. dedani da Targmanidedani da Targmanidedani da Targmanidedani da Targmanidedani da Targmani

saqarTvelos istoriografiidan cnobilia, Cveni eklesiis wmida

mamebs rogori jafisa da rudunebis fasad uxdebodaT sagalobelTa

Targmnisas originalTan metruli Tanafardobis dacva (ix. wm. giorgi

mTawmidelis anderZi, jer 98). es xdeboda erTaderTi mizniT - maqsimalurad

SeenarCunebinaT da ar SeecvalaT sagaloblis kanonikuri melodiebi.

amiT mexeleebs uadvildebodaT Targmnil teqstebze kanonikuri

melodiebis dadeba.

81

bizantiur galobaSi sityvisa da melodiis, teqstisa da musikaluri

elementis erTmaneTTan organulad Serwymisa da erTianobis Taobaze

sxva adgilas visaubrebT. aq ki SevexebiT erT sagulisxmo moments,

romelic dakavSirebulia im faqtTan, rom musikalur elementze sityvis

zemoqmedebas aqvs meore mxarec, kerZod: musikalur elementze enis

artikulaciuri Taviseburebebisa da bunebrivi ritmis zemoqmedeba, aseve

bgeris gamocemis, sasimRero artikulaciis meqanikisa da sxva

Taviseburebebis zegavlena. sagaloblis erTi enidan meoreze Targmnisas

es garemoebebi garkveul sirTuleebs qmnian, magram, meore mxriv, Targmnil

sagalobels aniWebs mTargmneli erisTvis damaxasiaTebel iers. Tu,

damatebiT, Targmnili sagalobeli gamSvenebulia am erisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli ornamentikiTa da melizmuri elementebiT, maSin igi

droTa ganmavlobaSi eTviseba eris smenas da mis esTetikur da emociur

moTxovnilebebs srulebiT akmayofilebs. amave dros xdeba ukuqmedebac:

saeklesio galobis musikaluri elementebi, melodiebi da kompoziciebi

eklesiidan gadis erSi da am eris SemoqmedebaSi aisaxeba. magaliTad,

saqarTveloSi, Tu bizantiuri galobis melodiebs xalxur simRerebs

SevadarebT - erTxmianebs (banis TanxlebiT), an Tundac mravalxmianebs,

romlebSic wamyvan musikalur elements warmoadgens melodia (da ara

harmonia), rac metad damaxasiaTebelia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

regionisaTvis, mTis (fSav-xevsureTis, TuSeTis da sxv.), qalaquri

folkloris, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos, gansakuTrebiT, megruli

melodiuri simRerebisaTvis - am or fenomens Soris gasaocar msgavsebasa

da naTesaobas aRmovaCenT, romelic xSirad kiloTa da melodiur xazTa

igiveobis doneze mJRavndeba. es arc aris gasakviri, imis gamo, rom

bizantiuri galoba, rogorc aRmosavleTis eklesiis kanonikuri galoba,

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos adgilobrivi eklesiis tradiciul

galobas warmoadgenda.

sagalobelTa teqstebis Targmnisas mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is

garemoeba, rom marTlmadidebeli eklesiis himnografia eklesiis dogmatur

swavlebas eyrdnoba. amitom himnografis mier dawerili teqstis

Targmnisas dogmatur sakiTxebSi ar unda iyos orazrovnebebi da

uzustobebi. aseTma Secdomebma SeiZleba warmoSvas aracalsaxa,

heterodoqsuli koncefciebi da ideebi. amitom dauSvebelia sagalobelTa

teqstebis ufro Tavisufali, SesaZloa stilisturad SedarebiT lamazi

da literaturulad SedarebiT srulyofili Targmanebi. amis gamo iyo,

rom sityvasityviTi Targmnis principiT xelmZRvanelobdnen saqarTveloSi

Cveni eklesiis wminda mamebi da ganmanaTleblebi, saRvTismsaxuro da

saRvTismetyvelo teqstebis mTargmnelebi. bunebrivia, rom aseTi midgomiT

Targmanis ena moergo originalis, dednis enas. yovelive aman ki Tavisi

gavlena iqonia Targmanis enis Semdgomi ganviTarebis procesze, ara

82

mxolod WeSmariti ideebisa da msoflmxedvelobis SeTvisebisa

dagaTavisebis TvalsazrisiT, aramed struqturul-konstruqciuli

formirebis TvalsazrisiTac34.

sagalobelTa TargmnasTan dakavSirebiT i. gardneri aRniSnavs (gv

62):

“sxva enaze Targmnisa da berZnebisagan TviT sxva enaze Targmnisa da berZnebisagan TviT sxva enaze Targmnisa da berZnebisagan TviT sxva enaze Targmnisa da berZnebisagan TviT sxva enaze Targmnisa da berZnebisagan TviT (sagaloblis –

a.u.) melodiis gadmoRebis dros (rogorc es xdeboda rusebismelodiis gadmoRebis dros (rogorc es xdeboda rusebismelodiis gadmoRebis dros (rogorc es xdeboda rusebismelodiis gadmoRebis dros (rogorc es xdeboda rusebismelodiis gadmoRebis dros (rogorc es xdeboda rusebis

mier berZnebisagan qristianobis miRebis Semdeg), ra Tqma unda,mier berZnebisagan qristianobis miRebis Semdeg), ra Tqma unda,mier berZnebisagan qristianobis miRebis Semdeg), ra Tqma unda,mier berZnebisagan qristianobis miRebis Semdeg), ra Tqma unda,mier berZnebisagan qristianobis miRebis Semdeg), ra Tqma unda,

yuradReba mieqca TargmanSi marcvalTa raodenobis rac SeiZlebayuradReba mieqca TargmanSi marcvalTa raodenobis rac SeiZlebayuradReba mieqca TargmanSi marcvalTa raodenobis rac SeiZlebayuradReba mieqca TargmanSi marcvalTa raodenobis rac SeiZlebayuradReba mieqca TargmanSi marcvalTa raodenobis rac SeiZleba

zust Sesabamisobas originalTan mimarTebaSizust Sesabamisobas originalTan mimarTebaSizust Sesabamisobas originalTan mimarTebaSizust Sesabamisobas originalTan mimarTebaSizust Sesabamisobas originalTan mimarTebaSi.”34

es garemoeba, rasakvirvelia, Targmnisas did siZneleebs qmnida. magram

amis miuxedavad, adgilobriv eklesiebSi yovelTvis iTargmneboda

bizantiuri sagaloblebis teqstebi. rogorc iTqva, saqarTveloSi amasTan

dakavSirebiT Seiqmna mexeleTa instituti, berZnulidan Targmnil, aseve

bizantiuri (damaskeliseuli) kanonikiT Seqmnil originalur qarTul

sagaloblebs mexurni ewodaT. amis dasturia wm. giorgi mTawmidelis

anderZSi moyvanili sityvebic: “Cuen, kula, raoden egebis, berZnulsa“Cuen, kula, raoden egebis, berZnulsa“Cuen, kula, raoden egebis, berZnulsa“Cuen, kula, raoden egebis, berZnulsa“Cuen, kula, raoden egebis, berZnulsa

dagvimsgavsebia . . . ese viTa dagviweria Cuen, berZnulad esedagvimsgavsebia . . . ese viTa dagviweria Cuen, berZnulad esedagvimsgavsebia . . . ese viTa dagviweria Cuen, berZnulad esedagvimsgavsebia . . . ese viTa dagviweria Cuen, berZnulad esedagvimsgavsebia . . . ese viTa dagviweria Cuen, berZnulad ese

ars, da me friadi Wiri minaxavs maTsa gamoZiebasa da Sewyobasa”.ars, da me friadi Wiri minaxavs maTsa gamoZiebasa da Sewyobasa”.ars, da me friadi Wiri minaxavs maTsa gamoZiebasa da Sewyobasa”.ars, da me friadi Wiri minaxavs maTsa gamoZiebasa da Sewyobasa”.ars, da me friadi Wiri minaxavs maTsa gamoZiebasa da Sewyobasa”.

aseTi Sromis gawevisa da didi siZneleebis gadalaxvis erTaderTi

motivi iyo is, rom erTiani eklesiis kanonikis dacvas didi mniSvneloba

eniWeboda da dResac eniWeba, radgan kanonikis erTianoba eklesiis

erTianobas ganamtkicebs.

34 samgaloblo praqtikaSi gvxvdeba erTi movlenac, romelic ar aris TargmnasTan

dakavSirebuli, magram amaxinjebs sagaloblis teqsts da SeiZleba warmoSvas

orazrovnebani da gaurkvevlobani. ruseTSi aseTi gamovlinebebia e.w. “anana�kebi” da

“xabuvebi”. igi gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia “demesturi” saxis galobisaTvis

(äåìåñòâåííîå ïåíèå). misi arsi Semdegia: galobisas teqstSi romelime sityvis

gagrZelebis gareSe marcvlebis CarTviT xdeba (mag.: ”na”, “ne”, “ni”, “xa bu va”).magaliTad, teqsti: “Âîñêðåñåíèÿ äåíü, è ïðîñâåòèìñÿ òîðæåñòâîì” ase igalobeboda:

“Âîñêðåååñåíèèèààà äååååååååååååå ïðîñâåòèèèèìîñÿà àèíåíààíåíàààíèå è íåååè íåååèíååå åååå è íå èíå å åíèèíåå òîðæåñòâîì”. saqarTveloSic gvxvdeba sagalobelTa

teqstebis damaxinjebebi. mag.: wodebiTi daboloeba “o”-s nacvlad iTqmeba: “io” “aio”,

“ievo” da a.S. aseve, sityvis SuaSi zogierTi xmovani icvleba ramodenime xmovniT -

mag.: “e” – “eie”-Ti da misT. amgvari damatebebis gamoyenebas, SeZlebisdagvarad, unda

veridoT, xolo gamoyenebisas ar unda davuSvaT teqstis damaxinjeba da gabundovaneba,

orazrovnobis gaCena, zedmeti stilizeba da a..S.

34 34 34 34 34 “““““ ïðè ïåðåâîäå íà äðóãîé ÿçûêú è ïðè ïðèíÿòèè îòú ãðåêîâú ñàìîãî íàïåâà (êàêýòî äîëæíî áûëî èìåòü ìåñòî ïðè ïðèíÿòèè ðóññêèìè õðèñòÿíñòâà îò ãðåêîâú),êîíå÷íî, áûëî îáðàùåíî âíèìàíèå íà âîçìîæíî áîëåå áëèçêîå ñîîòâåòñòâèåîðèãèíàëó â ÷èñëå ñëîãîâú ïåðåâîäà”.”.”.”.”.

Tavi IIITavi IIITavi IIITavi IIITavi III

saeklesio kanonikuri xmebisaeklesio kanonikuri xmebisaeklesio kanonikuri xmebisaeklesio kanonikuri xmebisaeklesio kanonikuri xmebi

struqtura, elementebi dastruqtura, elementebi dastruqtura, elementebi dastruqtura, elementebi dastruqtura, elementebi da

damaxasiaTebeli niSnebidamaxasiaTebeli niSnebidamaxasiaTebeli niSnebidamaxasiaTebeli niSnebidamaxasiaTebeli niSnebi

q ristes eklesiaSi araferia naklebRirebuli da

umniSvnelo, rameTu yovel wes-CveulebaSi mkvidrobs suliwmida, visiTac sunTqavs da suldgmulobs eklesia. yoveli, romeli aRudgeba wmida werils da saRmrTo gadmocemebze dafuZnebul saeklesio wes-Cveulebasa

da kanonebs, suliwmidas aRudgeba.

mitropoliti inokentimitropoliti inokentimitropoliti inokentimitropoliti inokentimitropoliti inokenti

84

Tavi IIITavi IIITavi IIITavi IIITavi III

saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,

elementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebielementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebielementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebielementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebielementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi

O1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi

1.1. Sesavali1.1. Sesavali1.1. Sesavali1.1. Sesavali1.1. Sesavali

rogorc iTqva, RvTismsaxureba eklesiaSi gawyobilia rva xmaze.

“rva xmaTa” (anu paraklitoni, igive oqtoixosi) Seadgina wm. ioane

damaskelma da daamkvidra aRmosavleTis eklesiaSi. arsebuli xmebidan

saeklesio kanonikuri galobisaTvis man SearCia da daadgina 8 - 4

ZiriTadi da 4 gverdiTi - xma, oTx diatonur kilosTan erTad -

aRmosavleTis eklesiis arealSi Semavali xalxebisaTvis, maT Soris,

ebraeli, siria-palestineli, arabi da sxva xalxebisTvis niSandoblivi

da Cveuli ori qromatuli da ori enharmoniuli kilo1.

rvaxmaTas yoveli sagalobeli dawerilia TiToeuli xmisTvis

dadgenili musikaluri formulebiT, anu kanonikuri melodiebiT, aseve

sxva musikaluri elementebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic erTobliobaSi

gansazRvraven xmis musikalur mxares. sagaloblebis ageba (SeTxzva)

da galoba emyareba mkafiod gansazRvrul wesebs, rac erTobliobaSi

Seadgens marTlmadidebeli eklesiis galobis kanonikas.

1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi

saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro musika mravalferovania ara mxolod

Tavisi SinaarsiT, aramed Tavisi JReradobiTac. musikaluri

mravalferovnebis gamosaxvis saSualebas e.w. xmebi iZleva. amitom hqvia

1 bizantiuri musikis Teoriis Sesaxeb masalebi sxvadasxva wyarodan amovkribeT, maT

Soris: Iwannou D. Margaziwth, Qewrhtiko, Buzantinhj Ekklhsiastikhj Mousikhj;David J. Melling, Reading Psalmodia, Part I, Part II, Part III; Antwniou E. Alugizakh Dr.Q,Qemata Ekklhsiastikhj Mousikhj, Qessalonikh 1991; Qeodwrou Fwkaewj – Krhpijtou qewrhtikou Praktikou thj Ekklhsiastikhj Mousikhj, en Aqhnaij, 1902; GregoriosTh. Stathis, An Analisis of the Sticheron, Studies in Estern Chant, General Editors Egon Welleszand Milos Velimirovic; ÊÐÀÒÚÊ ÏÑÀËÒÈÊÈÅÍ ÂÚÇÊÐÅÑÍÈÊ, Îñìîãëàñíèê, îò Ìèíàñèéï. Òîäîðîâ, ÑÈÍÎÄÈÀËÜÍÎ ÈÇÄÀÒÅËÑÒÂÎ; Byzantine Music, The modal structure of the11 Eothina Anastassima ascribed to the Empreror Leo (+912), A musicological studi by Dr.Solomon J. Hadjisolomos, The Holy Monastery of Kykko, Nicosia-Cyprus 1986; ÌîíàõèíÿÎëüãà – Ìóçèêàëüíàÿ Êóëüòóðà Âèçàíòèè, Ñðåòåíñêèé ìîíàñòèðü, “Íîâàÿ êíèãà”, 1998 ã.da a.S.

saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura

85

damaskeliseul saeklesio kanonikur galobas xmiani (“xmeani”, “mexuri”)

galoba. xma gamosaxavs sagaloblis musikalur mxares da ara

teqstualurs, rogorc es mravals hgonia - iqidan gamomdinare, rom

arakanonikur galobaTa umravlesobam dakarga xma, rogorc aseTi, da

rvaxmaTa, rogorc mwyobri musikaluri sistema, darCa oden formalurad,

miTiTebebis doneze saRvTismsaxuro wignebSi, rac gaugebrobas iwvevs

mgaloblebSi da arc Tu iSviaTad - sasuliero pirebSic.

“xma” warmoadgens musikaluri gamosaxvis saSualebas, romelic Sedgeba

ramdenime musikaluri elementisagan (ix. qvemoT). magram gamoTqma “xma”

aseve gamoiyeneba sagalobelTa sistemis aRsaniSnavad. pirveli

TvalsazrisiT xma ZiriTadad kilos mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba, maSin

rodesac meore TvalsazrisiT igi sagalobelTa sxvadsxva jgufis

erTobliobas aRniSnavs da asaxavs saeklesio RvTismsaxurebis

ciklurobasa da tipikoniT gansazRvrul Semadgenlobas.

mogvyavs xmis musikaluri elementebis daxasiaTeba.

1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, bizantiur musikaSi musikaluri bgerebi,

romelTa saxelwodebebia ni-pa-vu-ga-di-ke-zo′ (νη-πα-βου-γα-δι-κε-ζω′),evropuli musikaluri sistemisgan gansxvavebiT, ar arian etalonirebuli.

isini sxvadasxva xmis gamebSi erTmaneTis mimarT gansxvavebul intervalebs

qmnian. bizantiur musikaSi musikalur gamas uwodeben kibes (klimax),bgerebs – fTongebs (fqo1ggoi), xolo intervalebs - tonebs (to1noi).qveda oqtavis bgerebs ZiriTadi oqtavis bgerebisagan gansasxvaveblad

mTavruliT weren, xolo zeda oqtavis bgerebs uweren Strixs: . . . ga-

di-ke-zo-vi-pa-vu-ga-di-ke-zo′-ni′-pa′-vu′-. . . davakvirdeT, rom qveda “zo”aris Strixis gareSe. Strixs zeda “zos” vuwerT.

bizantiuri galobis kanonikuri xmebi agebulia sami saxis gamaze:

Zvel diatonur, qromatul (msubuqad da Zlierad qromatul) da

enharmoniul gamebze. aRvniSnavT, rom gamas enharmoniuls pirobiTad

vuwodebT, radgan misi intervalebi ar moicavs enharmonizmisaTvis

damaxsiaTebel intervalebs. es saxeli mas kanonikuri xmebidan (mesame

da meSvide) gamomdinare ewoda. rac Seexeba am xmebis melodiebs,

enharmonizmsa da misTvis damaxasiaTebel intervalebs, isini im

mravalferovani alteraciis - amaRleba-dadablebis niSnebis gamoyenebiT

miiRweva, romlebic bizantiur musikalur sistemas aqvs. evropuli

musikisagan gansxvavebiT, bizantiuri musikis gamebSi gvxvdeba sami saxis

intervali: didi (o2 mei1zwn), saSualo (o2 e3la1sswn) da patara (o2e3la1cistoj). gama 8 ZiriTadi bgerisagan Sedgeba, romelTagan me-8 oqtaviT

86

zeviT pirvels imeorebs. sityva “oqtava” swored am garemoebas gamosaxavs.

oqtavis Semadgenel bgerebs qordebi (cordoi) ewodebaT. moviyvanT zemoT dasaxelebuli gamebis intervalebs:

1. Zveli diatonuri:

ni pa vu ga di ke zo′ ni′ | 12 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 |

2. msubuqad qromatuli:


3. Zlierad qromatuli:

pa vu ga di ke zo′ ni′ pa′ | 6 | 20 |4 | 12 | 6 | 20 |4 |

4. enharmoniuli:


am gamosaxulebebSi miRebulia, rom erTi erTeuli tonis meTormetedis

toldid intervals, mikrotons warmoadgens. magaliTisaTvis, diatonur

gamaSi gvaqvs sami didi intervali: ni-pa, ga-di da di-ke, romelTagan

TiToeuli maTgani 12 mikrotons Seicavs, ori - saSualo: pa-vu da ke-

zo, TiToeuli 10 mikrotonis sididis, da oric - patara: vu-ga da zo-

ni, 8 mikrotonis sididis. SevniSnavT, rom sxvadasxva gamaSi didi,

saSualo da patara intervalebi sididiT gansxvavebulebi arian. magaliTad,

msubuqad qromatul gamaSi didi intervali 14 mikrotonis sididisaa,

saSualo – 12, xolo patara – 8 mikrotonis sididis. sul oqtava 72

mikrotonis sididisaa.

TiToeuli gama ori tetraqordisagan Sedgeba: zeda da qveda

tetraqordebisagan, romlebic erTmaneTs gamyofi intervaliT

ukavSirdebian. magaliTad, diatonur gamaSi gvaqvs ori tetraqordi: ni-

pa-vu-ga qveda da di-ke-zo′-ni zeda tertraqordebi, romlebic erTmaneTs

ga-di gamyofi intervaliT ukavSirdebian. TiToeuli tetraqordis sidide

30 mikrotonis tolia.

bgerebisa da intervalebis ricxviTi gamosaxulebebis tradicia

Zvel saberZneTSi odiTgan arsebobda. amisaTvis sakmarisia davasaxeloT

piTagorelTa skola. xmaTa gamebis intervalTa ricxviTi gamosaxulebebi

maTi Seswavlisa da gaanalizebis saSualebas gvaZlevs. SesaZloa, mTeli

sizustiT mikrotonebis aRqma da Sesruleba rTuli iyos, gansakuTrebiT

evropul temperirebul gamebze gavarjiSebuli yurisaTvis, magram

arsebiTia xmebis mixedviT gamebisa da kiloebis codna, Tavdapirvelad

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Tundac Teoriulad. mowadinebulTaTvis droTa ganmavlobaSi

aratemperirebuli gamebis aRqma da Sesruleba aseve SesaZlebeli gaxdeba.

1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba

bizantiuri galoba iyenebs musikalur elementebsa da musikaluri

gamomsaxvelobis xerxebs, romelTa erTianoba gansazRvravs bizantiuri

galobis xmebs (Ηχος). xmebi iyofian or jgufad: 4 mTavar da oTxgverdiT xmebad. rogorc iTqva, teqstur-musikaluri TvalsazrisiT,

sagaloblebi ori sawyisis - sityvisa da musikis erTobas warmoadgens.

wminda musikaluri TvalsazrisiT, xma aris yalibi, CarCo, Targi, romlis

farglebSi da romlis mixedviTac kanonikuri sagalobeli unda

Camoyalibdes da aigos.

1.2.3. xmis elementebi1.2.3. xmis elementebi1.2.3. xmis elementebi1.2.3. xmis elementebi1.2.3. xmis elementebi

yovel xmas Tavisi maxasiaTebeli elementebi aqvs, riTac isini

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian. es elementebia:

1. bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama),

2. kilo, romelic warmoadgens bgeraTrigs, Semdegi gansazRvruli

elementebiT:

• fuZe bgera (tonika),

• dominanturi da subdominanturi bgerebi (dominanta da

subdominanta),

3. melodiuri formulebi,

4. melodiuri kadenciebi (kataleqsisi),

5. intonaciuri formulebi (apiqema),

6. sxva elementebi.

meti sicxadisaTvis Cven erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvavebT bgeraTrigebs

(gamebs), kiloebsa da xmebs da SevecdebiT davaxasiaToT zemoT moyvanili

elementebi:

1. bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama). bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama). bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama). bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama). bgeraTrigi (musikaluri gama). bgeraTrigi musikaluri bgerebis

mimdevrobaa, romelic gansazRvruli intervalebis mixedviT aris

agebuli. bizantiur galobaSi gamoyenebulia bgeraTrigebis sami

ZiriTadi gvari (Taoba – Ge1noj): diatonuri, qromatuli (Zlierad

qromatuli da sustad qromatuli) da enharmoniuli. I, IV, gv. I

(anu V) da gv. IV (anu VIII) xmebi ZiriTadad agebulia diatonur

gamebze, II da gv. II (anu VI) xmebi – qromatul, da III da gv. III (anu

VII) xmebi - enharmoniul gamebze. ganmartebisaTvis aRvniSnavT, rom

Zveli, bunebrivi diatonuri kiloebi ramdenadme gansxvavdebian maTi

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“evropeli” STamomavlebisagan, romlebic Zveli kiloebis temperirebul

Sesatyvisebs warmoadgenen.

2. kilo. kiloSi vigulisxmebT musikalur gamas, romelSic gansazRvrulia

(dafiqsirebulia) ZiriTadi bgerebi: fuZe bgera (tonika), dominanturi

da subdominanturi bgerebi, aseve finaluri bgerebi. xmis kilos

damaxasiaTebeli niSania im bgerebis arseboba, romlebic melodiaSi

yvelaze xSirad ismis, an iseTi bgerebisa, romlebzec xmis melodiebs

“uyvarT” mimoqceva; aseve erT-erTi maxasiaTebelia damasrulebeli,

finaluri bgerebi, romlebzec mTavrdeba melodiis kadenciebi da

xmis sagaloblebi.

• fuZe bgera, anu tonika. yovel kilos aqvs Tavisi fuZebgera, igive

– fuZe toni, romelic warmoadgens misi gamis ZiriTad, sayrden

tons. swored am bgeris mimarT xdeba gamis Tu melodiuri xazis

Semadgeneli musikaluri bgerebis simaRleebis (intervaluri

daSorebebis) aRqma, gageba. xSirad sagalobeli bolovdeba

tonikaze, Tumca SesaZloa iyos sxva SemTxvevebic. biantiuri galobis

praqtikaSi tonika ZiriTadad ismis isonis2 (izokratimas) saxiT,

anu mas aqvs damxmare, gamomsaxvelobiTi da ara damoukidebeli

funqcia. amitomaa, rom bizantiuri galoba Tavisi SinaarsiT erTxmian,

melodiur galobas warmoadgens3.

• gabatonebuli (dominanturi) bgerebi – kilos aqvs erTi an

ramdenime dominanturi toni, romlebic xmis melodiebSi

gabatonebuli (momZlavrebuli, upiratesi) bgerebia, rogorc wesi

- kadenciebis damasrulebeli bgerebi.

erTi da igive bgeraTrigi (intervalebis Tanmimdevroba) imisda

mixedviT, Tu romel bgeras miviCnevT fuZe bgerad (tonikad), gvaZlevs

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul kiloebs. magaliTad, diatonuri gama

gansxvavebuli fuZe bgerebis Sesabamisad gvaZlevs gansxvavebul kiloebs:

doriuls (iyenebs I xma), frigiulsa da miqsolidiurs (iyenebs IV

xma), eoliurs (iyenebs V xma), ionursa da lidiurs (iyenebs VIII

xma). Cveulebriv, erTsa da imave xmaSi vxvdebiT ramdenime kilos,

romelTagan zogierTi warmoadgens ZiriTad, xolo zogierTi –

araZiriTad kiloebs. es ukanaskneli sagaloblebSi SedarebiT naklebad

gamoiyeneba. aseve aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac TviT erTi sagaloblis

farglebSi gvxvdeba sxvadxva kilo.

xma, Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens kilos, romelsac emateba am xmisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli melodiuri da intonaciuri formulebi, melodiuri

kadenciebi, emociuri xasiaTisa da sxva saxis elementebi.

2 isonisa da izokratimas Sesaxeb saubari qvemoT gveqneba.3 3 3 3 3 gansxvavebiT mravalxmiani – harmoniuli galobisagan, romelSic xmebs met-naklebad

damoukidebeli moZraoba axasiaTebT da erTiandebian harmoniaSi.

89

3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . melodiuri formulebi. ama Tu im xmis sxvadasxva sagalobelSi

gamoyenebulia erTnairi an msgavsi musikaluri frazebi. yovel xmas

aqvs Tavisi standartuli, damaxasiaTebeli, sanimuSo melodiuri

frazebi, romelTa kombinirebiTac igeba bizantiuri sagaloblebi.

Tumca maTi Seqmnis xelovneba rigi melodiuri frazebis ubralod

erTmaneTze meqanikuri mibmiT ar Semoifargleba. musikaluri frazebis

mimdevroba garkveul kanonzomierebebsa da wesebs emyareba da

sagaloblis Seqmna SemoqmedebiT midgomas moiTxovs. amgvarad, yovel

xmas aqvs Tavisi damaxasiaTebeli melodiuri formulebi, romelTa

gamoyeneba sagaloblebSi aniWebs xmas damaxasiaTebel, gansakuTrebul,

sxva xmebisagan gansxvavebel JReradobasa da gamomsaxvelobas,

gansazRvrulobasa da mdgradobas.

4. melodiuri kadenciebi, anu dasasrulebi (kataleqsisi). kadenciebi

warmoadgens melodiuri formulebis gansakuTrebul saxes. yovel

xmas aqvs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli kadenciebi. isini sagaloblis

teqstSi musikaluri punqtuaciis rols asruleben da, garda amisa,

gvexmarebian imis garkvevaSi, Tu romel kiloSi igalobeba esa Tu is

teqsti. kadenciebi oTxi saxisaa:

• nawilobrivi kadenciebi – asrulebs imave rols, rasac mZimeebi

teqstSi. isini musikaluri da teqsturi pasaJis dasasruls

aRniSnaven, amave dros miuTiTeben, rom kidev darCa sagaloblis

nawili. nawilobrivi kadencia SeiZleba kilos nebismier dominantur

notze dabolovdes.

• sruli kadenciebi – aRniSnavs sagaloblis bolo nawilis

damasrulebel musikalur pasaJs da imave rols asrulebs, rasac

wertilebi da wertil-mZimeebi teqstebSi. sruli kadenciebi xSirad

bolovdeba kilos fuZe tonze.

• saboloo kadenciebi – warmoadgens sruli kadenciebis specifikur

saxeobas, romlebic mTliani sagaloblis dasasruls aRniSnavs.

isini Cveulebriv bolovdebian kilos fuZe tonze.

• mokarnaxe kadencia – warmoadgens saboloo kadenciis ufro metyvel

saxes, romelic gamoiyeneba rogorc sagaloblis dasrulebisaTvis,

aseve - momdevno asamaRleblis tonis sakarnaxeblad. am saxis

kadenciaSi mgalobeli iWers nel trels sagaloblis ukanasknel

notze. mRvdlisTvis karnaxis mizniT, sagalobeli xandaxan mTavrdeba

im notze, romelic momdevno asamaRleblis fuZe bgeras warmoadgens.

5. intonaciuri formula (intonacia), anu gamRereba (apiqema) – Zvel

droSi gundis xelmZRvanelebi iyenebdnen sanimuSo (standartul)

melodiur frazebs, mravalmarcvlian gamRerebebs. mas “apiqema”

ewodeboda da im mizniT gamoiyeneboda, rom gundisaTvis ekarnaxaT

kilo, romelSic morigi sagalobeli unda Sesrulebuliyo. mogvianebiT

90

es musikaluri frazebi damoklda. amJamad xmebis mixedviT gamoiyeneba

apiqemas Semdegi teqstebi (marcvlebi):

� ma� a - ananes (Ananej) ,, b - neanes (Neanej) ,, g - nana (Nana) ,, d - agia ( Agia)� ma� a g ~i - aneanes (Aneanej) ,, b g ~i - nexeanes (Neceanej) ,, g g ~i - aanes (Aanej) ,, d g ~i - neagie (Neagie)

garda am frazebisa, gamoiyeneba mokle melodiuri frazebi, romlebSic

gvxvdeba mxolod marcvali “ne”. amgvarad, Zveli grZeli intonaciuri

formulebis nacvlad amJamad ZiriTadad xmaroben Semoklebul apiqemas

zemoT dasaxelebul marcvlebze, an mokle apiqemas marcval “ne”-ze.

6. emociuri xasiaTi. “rva xmis” gansazRvrasa da dadgenas aqvs erTi

metad mniSvnelovani mxarec, romelic dakavSirebulia xmebis emociur

xasiaTTan. rogorc iTqva, sazogadod, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

RvTismsaxurebas cikluroba da ritmuloba axasiaTebs. xmaTa

monacvleobiT, maTi emociuri xasiaTis cvlilebiT da mravalferovnebiT

xdeba mlocveli sulis koncentracia, mlocvelis yuradRebis mokreba

sityvaze, sagalobelTa teqstebze, romlebSic mocemulia

marTlmadideblobis mTeli dogmatika, eklesiis swavleba, RvTis,

RvTismSoblisa da wmindanTa sadideblebi, mravali ganmarteba, didaqtika

da a.S. wm. ioane damaskelis mier xmebisa da kiloebis, melodiuri

formulebisa da sxva musikaluri elementebis SerCeva ise moxda,

rom melodia metad esadageba sagaloblis teqsts, gamoxatavs mis

locviT Sinaars. yovelive es mlocvels exmareba sinanulis,

Semusvrilebis, RvTis moSiSebisa da RvTismosaobis gancdaSi, aseve

RvTis sidiadis, RmerTTan, RvTismSobelTan da sxva wmindanebTan

urTierTobis sixarulis aRZvrasa da sworad warmarTvaSi. xmebSi,

maT teqstur-musikalur erTobliobaSi, asaxulia adamianuri gancdisa

da grZnobebis (emociis) sruli speqtri: sinanulis, mwuxarebis, glovis,

sixarulis, dResaswaulisa da aRmatebuli sazeimo ganwyobis mTeli

gama da palitra; amasTan, TiToeuli xma sxva xmebisagan misTvis

damaxasiaTebeli emociuri xasiaTiTa da intonaciuri SeferilobiT

gansxvavdeba. xmebis aRwera-daxasiaTebisas, maTi teqstur-musikaluri

Sinaarsidan, maTi musikaluri filosofiidan, saxasiaTo melodiebidan

da sxva musikaluri elementebidan gamomdinare, sxvadasxva mkvlevari

gansxvavebul sityvebsa da epiTetebs iyenebs, magram yvela maTgani

aRniSnavs musikaluri xmis, misi melodiebis emociuri xazisa da

91

xasiaTis srul Sesabamisobas sityvasTan, sagaloblis teqstis

SinaarsTan.

7. sxva elementebi. sxva elementebis dasaxasiaTeblad dagvWirdeba

zogierTi ganmarteba, romelic mocemulia am Tavis bolos, damatebaSi

(ix. damateba). aq ki aRvniSnavT, rom:

• xmebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia iseTi musikaluri xasiaTis elementebi,

rogoricaa gadaxris muxlebi, sawyisi, Sualeduri da damamTavrebeli

muxlebis sawyisi da damamTavrebeli bgerebi, musikaluri sistemebi;

• xmebisTvis aseve damaxasaTebelia isonis moZraobis wesebi.

xma, rogorc musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi forma, savsebiT iZleva

melodiis Seqmnis, komponirebis saSualebas, im daSvebiT, rom daculi

iqneba pirobebi bgeraTrigis diapazonis mimarT, xmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

bgeraTa monacvleobis mimarT, aseve, ZiriTadi, gabatonebuli da

damasrulebeli bgerebis mimarT. meore mxriv, am wesebiT xdeba tipuri

melodiuri saqcevebis mdgradobis uzrunvelyofa, maT saxeTa,

gamomsaxvelobis mudmivoba, rac ganmtkicebulia maTi mravaljeradi

gameorebiTa da gamoyenebiT. Sedegad iqmneba cneba xmis Sesaxeb, rogorc

cnobili da mudmivi melodiis, ufro zustad – melodiaTa damoukidebeli

sistemis Sesaxeb, romelic xasiaTdeba hangebis, melodiuri formulebis

gansazRvruli fondiT da sagaloblis melodiaSi maTi organizebis -

komponirebis kanonzomierebebiT. es principebi da kanonzomierebebi,

zemoT moyvanil musikalur elementebTan erTad, “rvaxmaTas” galobas

aniWeben saxeobis (gvaris, ti pis) mdgradobasa da mudmivobas,

mowesrigebulobas, TviT xasiaTis erTobas, aseve aaxlovebs mas cnobil

nimuSTan da idealTan – zeciur galobasTan.

“rvaxmaTas”, rogorc musikalur-samgaloblo sistemisa da saeklesio

galobis ZiriTadi kanonis, mTavari daniSnulebaa, daicvas galoba

TviTnebobisagan, romelic SeiZleba gamoixatos Seuferebeli bgeraTrigis

an sasimRero saxeobis arCevaSi, aseve iseTi melodiebis SeqmnaSi, romlebic

eklesiaSi dadgenil galobas ar miesadageba; da sazogadod – daicvas

igi nebismieri Semoqmedebisagan, romelic kanonikuri galobis

kriteriumebTan SeuTavsebelia.

2. damateba: sxva elementebi2. damateba: sxva elementebi2. damateba: sxva elementebi2. damateba: sxva elementebi2. damateba: sxva elementebi

2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi

sagaloblebis umravlesoba, romlebic gvxvdeba saekleso-samgaloblo

wignebSi4, Sinagani struqturis TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba ganvixiloT

Semdegnairad: isini ramdenime damoukidebel nawilad iyofian, romelTac

muxlebi ewodebaT. yovel muxls aqvs Tavisi dasrulebuli musikaluri

4 rogoricaa paraklitoni, Tveni, marxvani, zatiki da sxva.

92

Sinaarsi da organul kavSirSia winamorbed da momdevno muxlebTan.

muxlebis met-naklebi damoukideblobis miuxedavad, isini erTmaneTTan

ideur-musikalur da kompoziciur kavSirSi arian da erT mTlianobas

qmnian, radgan erT sagalobelSi ikribebian.

sagalobeli Sedgeba sami saxis muxlisagan: sawyisi, Sualeduri da

damamTavrebeli. sagaloblis galoba sawyisi muxliT iwyeba da

damamTavrebeli muxliT mTavrdeba. Sualeduri muxlebi SeiZleba ramdenime

iyos da maTi raodenoba sagaloblis sididezea damokidebuli. zogjer

xdeba, rom “msgavsis” teqstis zoma gansxvavebulia im saTviTxmovnos

teqstis zomisagan, romlis melodiazec igalobeba msgavsi. aseT

SemTxvevaSi, msgavsis teqstze melodiis morgeba - mokleba an damateba

- Sualeduri muxlebis xarjze xdeba. magram unda gvaxsovdes, rom

Sualeduri muxlebis Tanmimdevroba da maTi gameoreba an mokleba-

damateba garkveul kanonzomierebebsa da wesebs emyareba.

2.2. musikaluri sistemebi2.2. musikaluri sistemebi2.2. musikaluri sistemebi2.2. musikaluri sistemebi2.2. musikaluri sistemebi

evropul sistemebTan Sedarebisas unda gvaxsovdes, rom

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonikuri galobis musikaluri faqtura

yovelTvis ar eqvemdebareba oqtavuri sistemis kanonebs, rac

damaxasiaTebelia evropuli maJoruli da minoruli gamebisaTvis. es

Tavisebureba evropuli musikisagan bizantiuri galobis erT-erTi

ganmasxvavebeli niSania. melodiebis struqtura zogierT xmaSi

gansxvavebul musikalur sistemebs emyareba. sazogadod saeklesio

(kanonikur) xmebSi melodiebis ganviTareba oTxi sxvadasxva sistemiT

xdeba: oqtaqorduli, pentaqorduli, tetraqorduli da triqorduli

sistemebiT.

am sistemebis Sesaxeb saubari Semdegi Tavis bolos gveqneba.

2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi

bizantiuri sagalobeli sxvadasxva hangebisagan5 Sedgeba, romlebic

erTmaneTs ebmian da hangTa bmulebs qmnian. xSirad es hangebi -

gansakuTrebiT dasdeblis tipis (stiqarul) da gamSvenebul (papadikur)

sagaloblebSi – sxvadasxva xmasa da sxvadasxva kilos ganekuTvnebian.

amgvarad, sagaloblis hangTa bmulis Semadgeneli nawilebi SeiZleba

iyos erTi da imave an gansxvavebuli xmis, kilos da/an fuZe-tonis

mqone melodiebi. isini, rogorc wesi, monaTesave, musikalurad

dakavSirebul melodiebs warmoadgenen, romlebic sagaloblis saxiT

5 rusulSi am TvalsazrisiT gamoiyeneba termini “íàïåâ”, romelic zogjer kilos

mniSvnelobiTac gvxvdeba magaliTad sadagi kilo da a.S.

93

qmnian hangTa bmuls. am SemTxvevaSi sagaloblis Semadgeneli muxlebi

SeiZleba sxvadasxva xmasa da kilos ganekuTvnebodes. am movlenas

sxvagvarad gadaxrasac uwodeben, xolo muxlebs – gadaxris muxlebs.

sagaloblis sawyis xmas ZiriTadi xma ewodeba, xolo sxva xmebs,

romlebSic melodia gadadis ganviTarebisas, damxmare xmebi ewodebaT.

rogorc wesi, gadaxrisas sagaloblis melodia ZiriTadi xmidan damxmare

xmaSi (an xmebSi) gadadis da Semdeg kvlav ZiriTad xmas ubrundeba.

Tu bma xdeba erTi da imave xmis, an sxvadasxva xmis, magram erTi da

imave kilos hangebs Soris, romelTac gansxvavebuli FfuZe tonebi aqvT,

maSin aseT bmas ubralod gadaxras vuwodebT. xolo, Tu bma xdeba im

xmebis hangebs Soris, romelTac gansxvavebuli kiloebi aqvT, maSin

aseTi bma modulaciur gadaxras warmoadgens. am SemTxvevaSi gadaxris

muxlebs modulaciuri gadaxris muxlebi ewodeb aT .

bmuli xmebis ZiriTad tonebs Soris SeiZleba gansxvavebuli

Tanafardobebi arsebobdes: tonikuri (anu emTxveodnen erTmaneTs), erT,

or, sam da oTxsafexuriani daSorebebi.

gadaxris muxlebi melodiis gamSvenebis erT-erT xerxs warmoadgens.

am xerxis gamoyenebiT melodia met emociurobasa da gamomsaxvelobas

iZens. marTalia, gadaxrebi erTi xmis kilodan meore xmis kiloSi

saeklesio sagalobelTa SemoqmedebaSi miRebuli xerxia, magram unda

gvaxsovdes, rom misi gamoyeneba zomierebasa da dadgenil CarCoebSi

moqmedebas moiTxovs. es CarCoebi imisTvis aris gansazRvruli, rom

sagalobelTa Seqmna ar iqces Tavisufali da miuRebeli musikaluri

formebis Semoqmedebad. amitom saeklesio galobaSi yoveli xmisTvis

dadgenilia gadaxris muxlebis ramdenime saxeoba, rac xmas

gamokveTilobasa da gansazRvrulobas aniWebs.

2.4. izokratima (isoni)2.4. izokratima (isoni)2.4. izokratima (isoni)2.4. izokratima (isoni)2.4. izokratima (isoni)

rogorc iTqva, bizantiuri galoba Tavisi bunebiT aris erTxmiani

galoba, anu misi mTavari elementia melodia, melodiuri xazi. melodiuri

xazis garda, bizantiur galobaSi damkvidrda izokratima, romelic

erTi an ramdenime mgaloblis mier bgeris daWeras niSnavs. mas isonsac

uwodeben (ισον - Tanabari) da SemoklebiT – kratimasac. Cven samive

termins gamoviyenebT, radgan isini sinonimebia.

gadmocemis Tanaxmad isonma axali aRTqmis eklesiasSi daviT mefis

ebani Secvala, anu igi Tanmxlebis funqcias asrulebs, iseve rogorc

ebani daviT mefsalmunis xelSi. axali aRTqmis eklesiaSi daSvebuli

ar aris instrumentebis gamoyeneba, radgan qristes eklesiaSi musika,

galobis saxiT, mxolod sulier arsebaTa mier sruldeba. isonis

gaCenas da damkvidrebas samgaloblo praqtikSi ar Seucvlia bizantiuri

94

galobis buneba – erTxmianoba, radgan isons damxmare funqcia aqvs, igi

mxolod aZlierebs melodiis gamomsaxvelobas da msmenelis aRqmadobas.

misi moZraoba maqsimalurad SezRudulia – ZiriTadad tonikas aJRerebs

– da saeklesio galobaSi ar Semoaqvs harmoniuli elementi.

isoni, rogorc galobis Semadgeneli nawili, gvxdeba ukve Soreul

warsulSi, araugvianes X saukunisa, xolo zogierTi versiiT igi merve

saukuneSi damaskelis rva xmasTan erTad dakanonda6. mociqulTa 26-e

kanonis Tanaxmad, xdeboda mgalobelTa xeldasxma da mgalobelTa xarisxSi

ayvana. isonis dakanonebis Semdeg ki izokratebisaTvis - isonis

damWerTaTvis sagangebo xelis dadeba SemoiRes.

isonis aRniSvnis tradicia ar Cans arc xelnawerebSi, arc nabeWd

samgaloblo wignebSi, radgan izokratebi kargad erkveodnen da

acnobierebdnen misi moZraobis kanonzomierebas. yovlad dauSvebelia

isonis mimarT Tavisufali damokidebuleba, misi zedmeti mimosvla da

melodiis harmonizebis mcdeloba. bizantiur galobaSi isonis moZraobas

yoveli xmisTvis aqvs Tavisi, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi dadgenil-

ganmtkicebuli kanonebi da misi gadaadgileba mxolod kanonis farglebSia

dasaSvebi.

isonis gamravalferovnebis survili ewinaaRmdegeba mis mistikur

daniSnulebas - gamoxatos locvis WvretiTi arsi. is unda iyos naklebad

moZravi. isonis Tavisufal monacvleobas, jer erTi, bizantiuri

galobisaTvis ucxo elementebi Semoaqvs, da garda amisa, sagaloblis

Sinagan wyobasac arRvevs. isonis daniSnulebaa, xeli Seuwyos melodiis

swor aRqmas, xazi gausvas galobis kilos struqturas da mdgradoba

misces bgerebis tonalur simaRleebs, anu mkafio gamomsaxveloba mianiWos

melodias da msmenelisaTvis metad da zustad aRqmadi gaxados. isoni

SeiZleba igalobebodes sityvebiT an romelime xmovnis gabmiT. im

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac isoni sityvebiT igalobeba (magaliTad, irmologiur

da sxva swraf sagaloblebSi), aucilebelia, isonis artikulacia

absoluturad Seerwyas melodiis Semsruleblis xmis artikulacias,

misdevdes mis dinamikur plastikas da ar arRvevdes galobis ritmul

struqturasa da temps. Zlispiris saxis galobisagan gansxvavebiT,

papadikuri da, nawilobriv, dasdeblis saxis galobisaTvis

damaxasiaTebelia isonis gabmiT galoba, izokratis mier romelime xmovani

bgeris daWera.

qvemoT mocemulia izokratimas xuTi ZiriTadi tipi:

• mdgradi (stabiluri) isoni - rodesac izokrats sagaloblis

kilos fuZe toni uWiravs da misgan ar gadadis im SesaZlo SemTxvevis

6 “Ïðèãëàñÿíåòî (isoni, a.u.) âîäè íà÷àëîòî ñè îò äúëáîêà äðåâíîñò, íî òî áèëî îôîðìåíîè óçàêîíåíî çàåäíî ñ Äàìàñêèíîâîòî îñìîãëàñèå êúì îñìîòî ñòîëåòèå ”, Ïåòúð Äèíåâ,“Îáøèðåí Âúçêðåñíèê”, Ñîôèÿ 2000, ñ.44

95

garda, roca is sagaloblis kadenciebSi uerTdeba melodiur xazs.

xSirad xdeba izokratimas dublireba oqtaviT qveviT.

• • • • • izokratima tetraqordis fuZe tonze – izokratimas ufro

gavrcelebuli forma: izokrats uWiravs tetraqordis fuZe toni

da rodesac melodia kilos erTi tetraqordidan gadadis meoreze,

isic gadadis meore tetraqordis fuZe tonze da mxars uWers

melodiur xazs.

• moZravi isoni dominantur tonebze – izokratimas ufro moZravi

forma. igi dgas mimdevrobiTi melodiuri frazebis dominantur

tonebze maTi mxardaWeris mizniT. Cveulebriv, yoveli melodiuri

frazis mxardaWera xdeba im dominanturi notiT, romelzec misi

kadencia Cerdeba.

• Sedgenili izokratima – im tradiciis garda, romelic melodias

erTi tonis daWeriT ubams mxars, arsebobs meore, aseve Zveli tradicia

Sedgenili izokratimisa, romelic fuZe tonisa da romelime

dominanturi tonis erTdroulad daWeriT sruldeba.

• naxevradharmoniuli izokratima. zogierTi lotbari, melodiis

harmoniuli gamSvenebis mizniT, Tavisuflad moZrav izokratimas iyenebs,

romelic sxvadasxva notze gadadis. aseTi fsevdo-harmoniuli efeqti

namdvil bizantiur galobaSi miRebuli ar aris da ar unda gamoviyenoT.

rac Seexeba Tavad isonis Sesrulebis praqtikas, igi umravles

SemTxvevaSi xmis gamis an tetraqordis tonikas emTxveva. warmoadgens

ra melodiis qveda wertils, isonis moZraoba friad SezRudulia.

umravles SemTxvevaSi igi uZravia da melodiis sayrdenad gvevlineba.

isonis moZraoba ZiriTadad dakavSirebulia melodiis zeda mimarTulebiT

ganviTarebasTan, rodesac melodia gadadis zeda tatraqordSi an ufro

zeviT da gamis gabatonebuli bgerebis (subdominantas an dominantas)

gavlenis sferoSi eqceva. misi moZraoba aseve ukavSirdeba melodiur

gadaxrebs, rodesac kilo da tonika icvleba. kerZod, qveda mimarTulebiT

melodiis ganviTarebis dros, rodesac melodia Cadis fuZe tons qvemoT,

xSiria isonisa da melodiis unisonuri moZraoba. gadaxrebis SemTxvevaSi,

rogorc wesi, melodia kvlav xmis ZiriTad tonalobas ubrundeba da,

Sesabamisad, isonic ZiriTad tonikas ubrundeba. sxva sityvebiT rom

vTqvaT, isoni gamis fuZe tonsa da melodias Soris amyarebs kavSirs.

wesebi, romlis mixedviTac isonis mimosvla xdeba, Semdegia:

1. rodesac melodia gamis ZiriTadi tonis farglebSi moZraobs,

maSin isons uWiravs tonika.

2. rodesac melodia IV safexuris gavlenis sferoSi gadadis,

maSin isoni subdominantaze gadadis.

96

3. rodesac melodia V safexuris gavlenis sferoSi gadadis an

pentaqorduli sistemis zeda tetraqordSi viTardeba, maSin

isoni dominantaSi gadadis.

mravali xmis kiloSi, gansakuTrebiT I da V diatonur xmebSi,

isonis sakiTxTan erTad aseve mniSvnelovania “zo”-s dadablebis sakiTxi.

moqmedebs Semdegi zogadi wesi (Tumca, SesaZloa, gvqondes gamonaklisebi):

1. rodesac melodia ganviTarebisas aRwevs zo-s da ukan brundeba,

maSin zo dabldeba.

2. rodesac melodia zeda ni-s aRwevs da ukan brundeba, zo maSinac

dabldeba7.

3. rodesac melodia zeda pa-s aRwevs an ufro zeviT gadadis, anu

melodia ise viTardeba, rogorc pentaqorduli sistemis gamoyenebis

dros, maSin zo ar dabldeba.

am sakiTxTan isonis mimarTebas Semdegi kanonzomiereba axasiaTebs:

1. rodesac isoni dgas tonikaze diatonur xmebSi (mag. I an V) da

melodia “zo”-s aRmavali an daRmavali mimarTulebiT gaivlis,

maSin “zo”, rogorc wesi, dadablebulia.

2. rodesac isoni subdominantaSi gadadis da melodia mis mimarT

ganviTarebisas gaivlis “zo”-s, maSin misi amaRleba-dadablebis

sakiTxi damokidebulia kilos intervalebze, anu zeda

tetraqordis an pentaqordis intervalebze da imaze, Tu rogori

sistemiTaa agebuli sagalobeli.

3. rodesac isoni gadadis V safexurze, dominantaze, maSin arc

erT diatonuri xmis kiloSi “zo” ar dabldeba.

2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,xmis hangi erTi an ramdenime musikaluri

figurisagan Sedgeba, romelTac striqonebs an muxlebs vuwodebT. Tu

xmis hangi ramdenime muxls Seicavs, maSin isini sawyis, Sua da damasrulebel

muxlebad iyofian. sawyisi muxli, rogorc wesi, mxolod sagaloblis

dasawyisSi gamoiyeneba. Tu igi ganmeorebiT gamoiyeneba sagaloblis

teqstis gagalobebisaTvis, maSin mas mivakuTvnebT Sualedur muxlebs.

sagalobels SeiZleba ramdenime Sualeduri muxli hqondes. sagaloblis

teqstis gagalobebisaTvis isini SeiZleba ganmeorebiT gamoviyenoT erTxel

an ramdenimejer. am dros SesaZlebelia, Sualedurma muxlma ganicados

garkveuli wesiT mciredi cvlileba, ris Sedegadac am muxlis “varianti”

miiReba. damasrulebeli muxli mxolod sagaloblis dasrulebisaTvis

gamoiyeneba.

7 gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi aRmavali mimarTulebiT “zo” Cveulebrivia, xolo daRmavali

mimarTulebiT – dadablebuli.

97

xmis hangebi, rogorc wesi, ramdenime muxlisagan Sedgeba. es muxlebi,

maTi musikalur-bgeriTi masis Zalisa da daZabulobis mixedviT, SedarebiT

Zlier da SedarebiT sust muxlebad iyofa. aseT muxlebs Soris

imgvari Tanafardobaa, rom sagaloblis melodiaSi bgera xan Zlierdeba,

xan sustdeba: Zlier muxls susti muxli mosdevs da piriqiT.

aseve yoveli muxlis Semadgeneli bgerebi Zlier da sust bgerebad

iyofa. Zliers warmoadgens is bgera, romelzec musikaluri an teqsturi

maxvili modis, sustebs ki – naklebad gamomsaxvelobiTi Zalis mqone

musikalur-teqsturi bgerebi. muxlebSi Zlieri da susti bgerebi

erTmaneTTan monacvleoben - Zlier bgeras susti mosdevs da piriqiT.

Sesabamisad, melodiis ritmuli Tvlac Zlieri da susti Tvlebis

monacvleobis mimdevrobas warmoadgens. Tu gvaqvs ori susti bgera

erTmaneTis mimdevrobiT, maSin isini, rogorc wesi, erT ritmul TvlaSi

aiReba, amasTan sust TvlaSi.

rogorc wesi, swored sust bgerebze xdeba muxlis zomis gagrZeleba

- es susti bgerisaTvis imave simaRlis da, teqstidan gamomdinare,

saWiro raodenobis bgerebis damatebiT xorcieldeba, rac xSirad

reCitativis saxesac iRebs. amasTan, unda vecadoT, rom damatebiTi

marcvlebi ramdenime sust bgeraze gadavanawiloT, raTa grZeli da

musikaluri qargidan amovardnili reCitativebi ar miviRoT. im SemTxvevaSi,

rodesac teqsti moklea, musikaluri fraza ki – grZeli, da ar gvinda,

rom sagloblis silaburTan miaxloebuli forma dairRves, muxlis

musikaluri zomis Semcirebas vaxdenT. esec, ZiriTadad, erTi da imave

simaRlis susti bgeris mimdevrobidan ramdenime (saWiro raodenobis)

bgeris moklebiT miiRweva.

sagaloblis muxli SeiZleba iwyebodes rogorc Zlieri, aseve susti

bgeriT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu muxli Zlieri bgeriT iwyeba, xolo teqsti

– susti marcvliT, maSin muxlis pirvel Zlier bgeras win uswrebs

wanamReri, anu imave simaRlisa da saWiro raodenobis susti bgerebi.

rig SemTxvevaSi xdeba muxlis zomis ara Semcireba, aramed teqstis

romelime marcvlis gamRereba, anu am marcvlisaTvis ramdenime musikaluri

bgeris SeTanadeba (gamonaklisis saxiT – TviT silaburi tipis

sagaloblebSic). es imisTvis keTdeba, raTa bgerebis damateba-moklebis

zemoT moyvanil wesTan erTad mivaRwioT melodiisa da teqstis Zlieri

da susti marcvlebisa da bgerebis, aRmavali da daRmavali xazebis

erTmaneTTan SeTanadebas.

radgan sagaloblis melodia teqstTan erTad igalobeba, amitom

misi ritmika da tempi mniSvnelovnad ganisazRvreba am teqstiT. amave

mizeziT, sagaloblis rigi bgerebis grZlivoba yovelTvis zustad ar

sruldeba, - zogjer grZeldeba, zogjer ki mokldeba, imis da mixedviT,

Tu romel sityvasa da marcvals Seesabameba es bgerebi. Zlier maxvilian

98

marcvalze bgera SeiZleba ramdenadme gagrZeldes, xolo Tu bgera edeba

sust maxvilian marcvals an warmoadgens motivis sust bgeras, igi

SeiZleba Semokldes. magaliTad, warmoTqmiT (reCitatul) nawilSi

bgerebi maT grZlivobebTan SedarebiT ufro swrafad igalobeba. amgvarad,

sagaloblis melodiis bgerebi grZel da mokle bgerebad iyofa.

teqstis gagalobebisaTvis muxlis variantis misaRebad ZiriTad

saSualebebs zemoT moyvanili wesebi warmoadgenen, romelTa praqtikuli

ganxorcieleba garkveul gamocdilebasa da SemoqmedebiT midgomas

saWiroebs. unda vecadoT, rom maTi gamoyenebiT musikaluri frazebis

dinamika teqstis faqturam ar daarRvios, musikisa da teqstis aRmavali

da daRmavali emociuri xazebi erTmaneTs Seesabamebodes, musikaluri

da teqstur-intonaciuri maxvilebi erTmaneTs ar scildebodes, Zlier

da sust musikalur bgerebs Sesabamisi eqspresiis teqsturi marcvlebi

edebodes. amasTan, unda gvaxsovdes mTavari principi: kanonikuri melodia

rac SeiZleba ucvlelad unda SevinarCunoT. sagaloblis melodiis

Tanxvedra sityvasTan ritmul zomaSi da tempSi, sazogadod, melodiis

yovelmxrivi Serwyma teqstTan imdenad sruli da Rrma unda iyos, rom

xmis melodiebi sityva-melodiebad unda aRiqmebodes, xolo galoba

warmoadgendes ara imdenad sakuTriv melodias, ramdenadac melodiaSi

gardamaval metyvelebas.

Tavi IVTavi IVTavi IVTavi IVTavi IV

bizantiuri galobis notaciisbizantiuri galobis notaciisbizantiuri galobis notaciisbizantiuri galobis notaciisbizantiuri galobis notaciis

sistema da niSnebi (nevmebi)sistema da niSnebi (nevmebi)sistema da niSnebi (nevmebi)sistema da niSnebi (nevmebi)sistema da niSnebi (nevmebi)

w minda bizantiuri galoba - rogori tkbilia igi! suls moalbobs da amSvidebs. swori saeklesio galoba Sinagani sulieri mdgomareobis gareT amoxeTqvaa. es RvTaebrivi mxiarulebaa! anu qriste guls amxiarulebs da adamiani guliTad mxiarulebaSi RmerTs esaubreba. Tu mgalobeli Tanamonawileobs imaSi, rasac galobs, maSin, am sityvis dadebiTi mniSvnelobiT, igi Tavadac icvleba da isinic icvlebian, vinc mas usmenen. beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli)

131

Tavi VTavi VTavi VTavi VTavi V

rvaxmaTasrvaxmaTasrvaxmaTasrvaxmaTasrvaxmaTas kanonikuri xmebikanonikuri xmebikanonikuri xmebikanonikuri xmebikanonikuri xmebi

s

aeklesio tibikonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, TiToeuli sagalobeli garkveul xmaze igalobeba (pirvelidan me-8 xmis CaTvliT). xma, romelzec sruldeba sagalobeli, garkveuli locviTi ganwyobilebisaken mimarTavs mlocvelis guls. erTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu sagalobeli saeklesio

tibikoniT gaTvaliswinebul xmaze ar sruldeba, is mxolod simReraa da aragaloba (locva). maT Soris gansxvaveba ki ganuzomlad didia: pirveli adamianismSvinvier, xolo meore sulier sferoebs ganekuTvneba.

Tbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariisTbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariisTbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariisTbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariisTbilisis sasuliero akademiisa da seminariisliturgikuli krebuli, 1995 w., #1liturgikuli krebuli, 1995 w., #1liturgikuli krebuli, 1995 w., #1liturgikuli krebuli, 1995 w., #1liturgikuli krebuli, 1995 w., #1

Tavi VITavi VITavi VITavi VITavi VI

wm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba

da Semoqmedebada Semoqmedebada Semoqmedebada Semoqmedebada Semoqmedeba

d

amaskelamde TiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTari tipikoni hqonda, xolo wminda ioane damaskelisSemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba

giorgi papadopulosigiorgi papadopulosigiorgi papadopulosigiorgi papadopulosigiorgi papadopulosi

164

Tavi VITavi VITavi VITavi VITavi VI

wm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba

mravali TvalsazrisiT mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT amave wignSi

mogveTavsebina masala wm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis

Sesaxeb. masala amokrebilia sxvadasxva wyarodan, maT Soris, wignidan

- “wmidanTa cxovreba” wm. ioane rostovelis redaqciiT; georgios i.

papadopulosis wignidan1, Tavi: ioane damaskeli – RmrT. bizantiuri

musikis momwesrigebeli da ganmaaxlebeli; wignidan – Î ÖÅÐÊÎÂÍÎÌÏÅÍÈÈ, Ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé, “Ëîäüÿ”, Ì. 2001, da sxva wyaroebidan. saeklesio galobis raoba wm. saeklesio gadmocemis sferos

ganekuTvneba. wm. gadmocema gansazRvravs swavlebas saeklesio galobis

Sesaxeb. wm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba warmoadgens am

wm. gadmocemis Semadgenel nawils da yvela marTlmadidebelma, metadre

maT, vinc Tavs uflebas aZlevs, azri gamoTqvas da isaubros galobis

Temaze, unda icodes igi. wm. saeklesio gadmocema, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,

sruliad naTlad da mkafiod gvaswavlis, rom wm. ioane damaskelis

mier seklesio galoba qristes eklesiaSi dadgenil iqna yovladwmida

RvTismSoblis kurTxeviTa da suliwmidis daxmarebiT, da meored

mosvlamde iqneba; rom saRvTismsaxuri wignebSi miTiTebulia ioane

damaskelis, kosma maiumelis, anatolis, Teodore studielis, pavle

amorevelis, mitrofane smirnelis, konstantine porfirosanis, leon

brZenisa da sxva bizantiur sagalobelTa Semoqmedi eklesiis wminda

mamebisa da kompozitorebis mier damaskeliseuli kanonikiT Seqmnili

sagaloblebi; rom es saRvTismsaxuro wignebi erTia yvela adgilobriv

eklesiaSi da isini adastureben qristes eklesiis kanonikur erTianobas.

saeklesio galobis istoriis is periodi, romlis drosac bizantiuri

galoba iqca qristes eklesiis kanonikur galobad, mniSvnelovanwilad

dakavSirebulia wm. saba ganwmendilis monasterSi eklesiis udidesi

mamis, wm. ioane damaskelis moRvaweobasTan, romlis samgaloblo

1 qristes didi eklesiis didi protektikosi da konstantinepolis eklesiis musikaluri

skolis direqtori georgios i. papadopulosi, “bizantiuri saeklesio musikis

istoriuli mimoxilva (mociqulTa xanidan Cvens dromde (1-1900 ax.w)”, gamomc.

“tertios”, katerini, 1-li gamocema, aTeni., 1904 w., Sua saukuneebis saeklesio musika

(700-1453), periodi me-3, ioane damaskeli – RvT. bizantiuri musikis momwesrigebeli

da ganmaaxlebeli.

wm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba

165

Semoqmedeba warimarTa yovladwmida RvTismSoblis kurTxeviTa da

suliwmidis STagonebiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom wm. ioane damaskelTan da wm.

kosma maiumelTan erTad sabawmindis monasterSi moRvaweobdnen sxva,

maT Soris, qarTveli mamebic, romelTa krebsiTi Rvawlisa da Semoqmedebis

Sedegad warmodga RvTivkurTxeuli, erTiani eklesiis kanonikuri galoba,

bizantiurad wodebuli. swored wm. saba ganwmendilis monasterSi wm.

ioane damaskelis, wm. kosma maiumelisa da sxva wminda mamaTa moRvaweobis

gvirgvins warmoadgens marTlmadidebeli eklesiis tipikonis Seqmna

da damkvidreba, tipikonisa, romelic dRemde moqmedebs saqarTvelos

adgilobriv eklesiaSi da romlis organul da ganuyofel nawilsac

Seadgens bizantiuri galoba. umTavresad amis gamo bizantiur galobas

ewoda kanonikuri saeklesio galoba. i. papadopulosi zemoT

dasaxelebul wignSi aRniSnavs: “aqve davsZendiT imasac, rom“aqve davsZendiT imasac, rom“aqve davsZendiT imasac, rom“aqve davsZendiT imasac, rom“aqve davsZendiT imasac, rom

damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma sagaloblebmadamaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma sagaloblebmadamaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma sagaloblebmadamaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma sagaloblebmadamaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma sagaloblebma

mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli. amitomacmniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli. amitomacmniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli. amitomacmniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli. amitomacmniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli. amitomac

marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. sabamarTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. sabamarTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. sabamarTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. sabamarTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. saba

ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tiganwmendilis fasdaudebeli ti pikonipikonipikonipikonipikoni22222,,,,, romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs romelic moicavs

ZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvcaZvelTaganve kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvca

saeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeulsaeklesio msaxurebis mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeul

adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTariadgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul monasters sakuTari

tititititi pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda,pikoni hqonda, xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. i xolo wm. ioane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiToane damaskelis SemoqmedebiT

damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”damyarda saeklesio erTianoba”.

wm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovrebawm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba33333

‘igi igalobebs sulier, zeciur hangebs da

mibaZavs qerubimTa galobas~~~~~

«. . . “ioane damaskeli daibada asureTis dedaqalaq damaskoSi

daaxloebiT 680 wels. im droisaTvis asureTi daipyres arabma beduinebma,

romlebmac qristianebi ise Seaviwroves, rom Svilebis monaTvlasac ki

ukrZalavdnen. agarianelTa dros ioanes mamas maRali Tanamdeboba ekava

da farulad exmareboda qristianebs. ufalma iseve daicva igi, rogorc

iosebi egviptelebTan da danieli - babilonelebTan. mSoblebma farulad

monaTles vaJi da ioane daarqves, rac ebraulad RvTis wyalobas niSnavs.

ioanes mamam Svili da, masTn erTad, naSvilebi oboli, saxelad kosma,

warmoSobiT ierusalimeli, aRsazrdelad miabara agarianelTa tyveobidan

2 wm. saba ganwmedilis tipikoni Cvens eklesiaSi dResac xmarebaSia.

3 masala amokrefilia wignebidan: “wmidanTa cxovreba” wm. dimitri rostovelis

redaqciiT (Targmani gadmoRebulia wignidan “ase galobdnen Zvelad saqarTveloSi”,

Tbilisi, 2001w); b) “cxoreba� wmidisa ioane damaskelisa” Targmani efrem mcirisa

(ZvelqarTuli teqsti);

166

gamosyidul italiel bers kosmas, romelic friad ganswavluli iyo

rogorc saRvTismetyvelo da saero mecnierebebSi, aseve musikis

xelovnebasa da galobaSi. aRsazrdelebi saocrad bejiTni aRmoCndnen.

SemdgomSi ioanem da kosmam wm. sabas lavraSi daasrules srulyofa.

mogvianebiT kosma palestinaSi maiumis episkoposad daadgines.

berad aRkvecamde damaskoSi ioanes sakmaod didi Tanamdeboba ekava.

am dros saberZneTSi mefobda xatmebrZoli lev isavrieli, romelmac

arnaxuli devna gamoucxada qristianobas. ioane Tavis nacnob berZen

qristianebs am saSineli eresis sawinaaRmdego epistoleebs ugzavnida,

riTac maT gansacdelis Jams aZlierebda. ganrisxebulma da mzakvarma

berZenma mefem amis gamo cbierebiT daarwmuna agarianelTa mTavari,

ioane SeTqmulebas giwyobs da dasajeo. ganrisxebulma arabma mTvarma

marjvena xeli mohkveTa udanaSaulo ioanes. da ai, aRsrulda saswauli:

tkivilebisagan gulSeRonebulma ioanem mokveTili marjvena aiRo, Tavis

salocav oTxSi Sevida, mokveTili nawili saxsarTan miido,

RmrTismSoblis xatis win daemxo da Svela sTxova. locvisas mas

CaeZina da qalwuli mariami ixila, romelmac xeli ganukurna.

gamoRviZebulma ioanem naxa, rom mokveTili nawili ise Sezrdoda saxsars,

mokveTis adgilze mxolod wvrili wiTeli zoliRa darCeniliyo.

sixaruliT aRvsili ioane Tavis saxleulTan erTad mTeli Rame

samadlobel galobas aRuvlenda ufals. maSin iSva axali galoba, romelic

SemdgomSi pirvel xmas daedo safuZvlad: “marjvena� Seni, uZleveli

RuTivSuenieri~. `samxelinad~ wodebuli RvTismSoblis es

saswaulmoqmedi xati aTonis mTaze serbTa monasterSi inaxeba. im

naWers ki, romelSic gaxveuli iyo misi

mokv eTili xeli , yovladwmida

RmrTismSoblis didebuli saswaulis

aRsaniSnavad wm. ioane mouxsnelad

Tavsaburavad atarebda.

wm. sabas lavraSi sulierma moZRvarma,

morCilebisaTvis, ioane damaskels yvelanairi

saRvTismetyvelo werilebisa da wignebis

wera aukrZala.

“romelsa igi Semdgomad mciredTa dReTa

CuenebiT gamouCnda wmida� RmrTismSobeli

da etyoda: ra ra ra ra ra��sa dagiyofies wyarosa dagiyofies wyarosa dagiyofies wyarosa dagiyofies wyarosa dagiyofies wyaro��

da ara dauteveb ganfenad nakadulTa maT oqronektarisaTa? . .da ara dauteveb ganfenad nakadulTa maT oqronektarisaTa? . .da ara dauteveb ganfenad nakadulTa maT oqronektarisaTa? . .da ara dauteveb ganfenad nakadulTa maT oqronektarisaTa? . .da ara dauteveb ganfenad nakadulTa maT oqronektarisaTa? . .

. “; “daaxSe wyaro tkbili da uxvi wylisa _ wyali, romelic. “; “daaxSe wyaro tkbili da uxvi wylisa _ wyali, romelic. “; “daaxSe wyaro tkbili da uxvi wylisa _ wyali, romelic. “; “daaxSe wyaro tkbili da uxvi wylisa _ wyali, romelic. “; “daaxSe wyaro tkbili da uxvi wylisa _ wyali, romelic

ukeTesia udabnoSi kldidan gadmosulisaukeTesia udabnoSi kldidan gadmosulisaukeTesia udabnoSi kldidan gadmosulisaukeTesia udabnoSi kldidan gadmosulisaukeTesia udabnoSi kldidan gadmosulisa44444, wyali _ romelic, wyali _ romelic, wyali _ romelic, wyali _ romelic, wyali _ romelic

swyuroda daviTs, wyali _ romelic ufalma aRuTqva samaritelsswyuroda daviTs, wyali _ romelic ufalma aRuTqva samaritelsswyuroda daviTs, wyali _ romelic ufalma aRuTqva samaritelsswyuroda daviTs, wyali _ romelic ufalma aRuTqva samaritelsswyuroda daviTs, wyali _ romelic ufalma aRuTqva samaritels55555.....

4 igulisxmeba moses saswauli5 anu suliwmidis madli

167

nu gadauRobav wyarosnu gadauRobav wyarosnu gadauRobav wyarosnu gadauRobav wyarosnu gadauRobav wyaros dinebas: igi uxvad gadmodindeba da dinebas: igi uxvad gadmodindeba da dinebas: igi uxvad gadmodindeba da dinebas: igi uxvad gadmodindeba da dinebas: igi uxvad gadmodindeba da

mTel samyaros dafaravs da daarwyulebs, dafaravs eresTamTel samyaros dafaravs da daarwyulebs, dafaravs eresTamTel samyaros dafaravs da daarwyulebs, dafaravs eresTamTel samyaros dafaravs da daarwyulebs, dafaravs eresTamTel samyaros dafaravs da daarwyulebs, dafaravs eresTa

zRvebs da maT saocar sitkboebad gadaaqcevs. dae, mwyurvalnizRvebs da maT saocar sitkboebad gadaaqcevs. dae, mwyurvalnizRvebs da maT saocar sitkboebad gadaaqcevs. dae, mwyurvalnizRvebs da maT saocar sitkboebad gadaaqcevs. dae, mwyurvalnizRvebs da maT saocar sitkboebad gadaaqcevs. dae, mwyurvalni

am wyals daewafon, da maT, visac wmida cxovrebis saunje aram wyals daewafon, da maT, visac wmida cxovrebis saunje aram wyals daewafon, da maT, visac wmida cxovrebis saunje aram wyals daewafon, da maT, visac wmida cxovrebis saunje aram wyals daewafon, da maT, visac wmida cxovrebis saunje ar

gaaCnia, dae, gayidon TavianTi mikerZoebani da saTnomyofelgaaCnia, dae, gayidon TavianTi mikerZoebani da saTnomyofelgaaCnia, dae, gayidon TavianTi mikerZoebani da saTnomyofelgaaCnia, dae, gayidon TavianTi mikerZoebani da saTnomyofelgaaCnia, dae, gayidon TavianTi mikerZoebani da saTnomyofel

iiiiioanes mibaZviT moioanes mibaZviT moioanes mibaZviT moioanes mibaZviT moioanes mibaZviT moi povon siwmide dogmatebisa da siwmidepovon siwmide dogmatebisa da siwmidepovon siwmide dogmatebisa da siwmidepovon siwmide dogmatebisa da siwmidepovon siwmide dogmatebisa da siwmide

saqmeebSi . igi aiRebs winaswarmetyvelTa ebans, daviTissaqmeebSi . igi aiRebs winaswarmetyvelTa ebans, daviTissaqmeebSi . igi aiRebs winaswarmetyvelTa ebans, daviTissaqmeebSi . igi aiRebs winaswarmetyvelTa ebans, daviTissaqmeebSi . igi aiRebs winaswarmetyvelTa ebans, daviTis

fsalmunebs, ufals axal galobas aRuvlens, rac mosesa dafsalmunebs, ufals axal galobas aRuvlens, rac mosesa dafsalmunebs, ufals axal galobas aRuvlens, rac mosesa dafsalmunebs, ufals axal galobas aRuvlens, rac mosesa dafsalmunebs, ufals axal galobas aRuvlens, rac mosesa da

mariamis galobas aRemateba. araferi iqneba masTan SedarebiTmariamis galobas aRemateba. araferi iqneba masTan SedarebiTmariamis galobas aRemateba. araferi iqneba masTan SedarebiTmariamis galobas aRemateba. araferi iqneba masTan SedarebiTmariamis galobas aRemateba. araferi iqneba masTan SedarebiT

orfeosis us arge blo si mRera , romlebzec zRa pre bSiorfeosis us arge blo si mRera , romlebzec zRa pre bSiorfeosis us arge blo si mRera , romlebzec zRa pre bSiorfeosis us arge blo si mRera , romlebzec zRa pre bSiorfeosis us arge blo si mRera , romlebzec zRa pre bSi

mogviTxroben . . .mogviTxroben . . .mogviTxroben . . .mogviTxroben . . .mogviTxroben . . .

igi igaloebebs sulier zeciur hangebs da mibaZavs qerubimTaigi igaloebebs sulier zeciur hangebs da mibaZavs qerubimTaigi igaloebebs sulier zeciur hangebs da mibaZavs qerubimTaigi igaloebebs sulier zeciur hangebs da mibaZavs qerubimTaigi igaloebebs sulier zeciur hangebs da mibaZavs qerubimTa

galobas. ierusalimis yvela eklesiasgalobas. ierusalimis yvela eklesiasgalobas. ierusalimis yvela eklesiasgalobas. ierusalimis yvela eklesiasgalobas. ierusalimis yvela eklesias66666 qalwulT ebanze qalwulT ebanze qalwulT ebanze qalwulT ebanze qalwulT ebanze

damkvrelad gardaaqcevs, raTa ugalobon ufals, miuTxran qristesdamkvrelad gardaaqcevs, raTa ugalobon ufals, miuTxran qristesdamkvrelad gardaaqcevs, raTa ugalobon ufals, miuTxran qristesdamkvrelad gardaaqcevs, raTa ugalobon ufals, miuTxran qristesdamkvrelad gardaaqcevs, raTa ugalobon ufals, miuTxran qristes

sikvdili da aRdgoma. igi marTlmadideblobis dogmatebs daicavssikvdili da aRdgoma. igi marTlmadideblobis dogmatebs daicavssikvdili da aRdgoma. igi marTlmadideblobis dogmatebs daicavssikvdili da aRdgoma. igi marTlmadideblobis dogmatebs daicavssikvdili da aRdgoma. igi marTlmadideblobis dogmatebs daicavs

da eretikosTa cru swavlebebs amxels. guli misi aRmoTqvamsda eretikosTa cru swavlebebs amxels. guli misi aRmoTqvamsda eretikosTa cru swavlebebs amxels. guli misi aRmoTqvamsda eretikosTa cru swavlebebs amxels. guli misi aRmoTqvamsda eretikosTa cru swavlebebs amxels. guli misi aRmoTqvams

sityvas keTils da miuTxrobs saqmeTa meufisaTa~.sityvas keTils da miuTxrobs saqmeTa meufisaTa~.sityvas keTils da miuTxrobs saqmeTa meufisaTa~.sityvas keTils da miuTxrobs saqmeTa meufisaTa~.sityvas keTils da miuTxrobs saqmeTa meufisaTa~.

“zeSTa gardametebulad egulvebis ioanes Semkobad eklesia “zeSTa gardametebulad egulvebis ioanes Semkobad eklesia “zeSTa gardametebulad egulvebis ioanes Semkobad eklesia “zeSTa gardametebulad egulvebis ioanes Semkobad eklesia “zeSTa gardametebulad egulvebis ioanes Semkobad eklesia��

da RmrTisada RmrTisada RmrTisada RmrTisada RmrTisa�� da sixarulevan-yofad dResaswauilebsa da wmidaTada sixarulevan-yofad dResaswauilebsa da wmidaTada sixarulevan-yofad dResaswauilebsa da wmidaTada sixarulevan-yofad dResaswauilebsa da wmidaTada sixarulevan-yofad dResaswauilebsa da wmidaTa

sasasasasa��senebelsa yovladbrZniTa miT sityuaTa misTa SewyobilebiTasenebelsa yovladbrZniTa miT sityuaTa misTa SewyobilebiTasenebelsa yovladbrZniTa miT sityuaTa misTa SewyobilebiTasenebelsa yovladbrZniTa miT sityuaTa misTa SewyobilebiTasenebelsa yovladbrZniTa miT sityuaTa misTa SewyobilebiTa

da sagalobelTa da sagalobelTa da sagalobelTa da sagalobelTa da sagalobelTa ��matkbilobiTa, romliTa yovelni morwmunenimatkbilobiTa, romliTa yovelni morwmunenimatkbilobiTa, romliTa yovelni morwmunenimatkbilobiTa, romliTa yovelni morwmunenimatkbilobiTa, romliTa yovelni morwmuneni

gananaTlen marTlmadideblobaman SjulTa misTaman da sazogadodgananaTlen marTlmadideblobaman SjulTa misTaman da sazogadodgananaTlen marTlmadideblobaman SjulTa misTaman da sazogadodgananaTlen marTlmadideblobaman SjulTa misTaman da sazogadodgananaTlen marTlmadideblobaman SjulTa misTaman da sazogadod

saSuebelad cxorebisad dautevnes maT RmrTivSuenieri swavlanisaSuebelad cxorebisad dautevnes maT RmrTivSuenieri swavlanisaSuebelad cxorebisad dautevnes maT RmrTivSuenieri swavlanisaSuebelad cxorebisad dautevnes maT RmrTivSuenieri swavlanisaSuebelad cxorebisad dautevnes maT RmrTivSuenieri swavlani

TTTTT��sni. vinasni. vinasni. vinasni. vinasni. vina��ca amieriTgan ubrZane mas Tqumad, raca amieriTgan ubrZane mas Tqumad, raca amieriTgan ubrZane mas Tqumad, raca amieriTgan ubrZane mas Tqumad, raca amieriTgan ubrZane mas Tqumad, ra��ca sTndes,ca sTndes,ca sTndes,ca sTndes,ca sTndes,

rameTu nugeSinismcemeli da yovladwmidarameTu nugeSinismcemeli da yovladwmidarameTu nugeSinismcemeli da yovladwmidarameTu nugeSinismcemeli da yovladwmidarameTu nugeSinismcemeli da yovladwmida�� suli itysuli itysuli itysuli itysuli ity��s eniTs eniTs eniTs eniTs eniT

misiT”.misiT”.misiT”.misiT”.misiT”.

“““““moZRvarma gaTenebisTanave dauZaxa ioanes da uTxra: `qristes`qristes`qristes`qristes`qristes

morCilo Svilo, gaxsen bageni Senni, da is, rac guliT aRiqvi,morCilo Svilo, gaxsen bageni Senni, da is, rac guliT aRiqvi,morCilo Svilo, gaxsen bageni Senni, da is, rac guliT aRiqvi,morCilo Svilo, gaxsen bageni Senni, da is, rac guliT aRiqvi,morCilo Svilo, gaxsen bageni Senni, da is, rac guliT aRiqvi,

bageebiT aRmoTqvi, dae maT iRaRadon sibrZne, romelic SenbageebiT aRmoTqvi, dae maT iRaRadon sibrZne, romelic SenbageebiT aRmoTqvi, dae maT iRaRadon sibrZne, romelic SenbageebiT aRmoTqvi, dae maT iRaRadon sibrZne, romelic SenbageebiT aRmoTqvi, dae maT iRaRadon sibrZne, romelic Sen

gulisxmahyav RmerTze fiqrisas, gaxsen piri Seni ara uqmigulisxmahyav RmerTze fiqrisas, gaxsen piri Seni ara uqmigulisxmahyav RmerTze fiqrisas, gaxsen piri Seni ara uqmigulisxmahyav RmerTze fiqrisas, gaxsen piri Seni ara uqmigulisxmahyav RmerTze fiqrisas, gaxsen piri Seni ara uqmi

TxrobisaTvis, aramed WeSmaritebisaTvis, ara mCxibaobisaTvis,TxrobisaTvis, aramed WeSmaritebisaTvis, ara mCxibaobisaTvis,TxrobisaTvis, aramed WeSmaritebisaTvis, ara mCxibaobisaTvis,TxrobisaTvis, aramed WeSmaritebisaTvis, ara mCxibaobisaTvis,TxrobisaTvis, aramed WeSmaritebisaTvis, ara mCxibaobisaTvis,

aramed dogmatebisaTvis; miuTxar guls ierusalimisas, anuaramed dogmatebisaTvis; miuTxar guls ierusalimisas, anuaramed dogmatebisaTvis; miuTxar guls ierusalimisas, anuaramed dogmatebisaTvis; miuTxar guls ierusalimisas, anuaramed dogmatebisaTvis; miuTxar guls ierusalimisas, anu

msoflio eklesias, romelic Wvrets RmerTs. ilaparake aramsoflio eklesias, romelic Wvrets RmerTs. ilaparake aramsoflio eklesias, romelic Wvrets RmerTs. ilaparake aramsoflio eklesias, romelic Wvrets RmerTs. ilaparake aramsoflio eklesias, romelic Wvrets RmerTs. ilaparake ara

haerSi gabneuli uqmi sityvebiT, aramed im sityvebiT, romlebichaerSi gabneuli uqmi sityvebiT, aramed im sityvebiT, romlebichaerSi gabneuli uqmi sityvebiT, aramed im sityvebiT, romlebichaerSi gabneuli uqmi sityvebiT, aramed im sityvebiT, romlebichaerSi gabneuli uqmi sityvebiT, aramed im sityvebiT, romlebic

suliwmidam CagibeWda gulSi. sinas adi RvTis Wvretisa dasuliwmidam CagibeWda gulSi. sinas adi RvTis Wvretisa dasuliwmidam CagibeWda gulSi. sinas adi RvTis Wvretisa dasuliwmidam CagibeWda gulSi. sinas adi RvTis Wvretisa dasuliwmidam CagibeWda gulSi. sinas adi RvTis Wvretisa da

RmrTis saidumloebaTa gamocxadebis simaRleze da radgan SeniRmrTis saidumloebaTa gamocxadebis simaRleze da radgan SeniRmrTis saidumloebaTa gamocxadebis simaRleze da radgan SeniRmrTis saidumloebaTa gamocxadebis simaRleze da radgan SeniRmrTis saidumloebaTa gamocxadebis simaRleze da radgan Seni

TavmdablobiT Caxvedi am siRrmeSi, axla adi kldesa zedaTavmdablobiT Caxvedi am siRrmeSi, axla adi kldesa zedaTavmdablobiT Caxvedi am siRrmeSi, axla adi kldesa zedaTavmdablobiT Caxvedi am siRrmeSi, axla adi kldesa zedaTavmdablobiT Caxvedi am siRrmeSi, axla adi kldesa zeda

eklesiisasa da iqadage da axare ierusalims, Tamamad aRimaRleeklesiisasa da iqadage da axare ierusalims, Tamamad aRimaRleeklesiisasa da iqadage da axare ierusalims, Tamamad aRimaRleeklesiisasa da iqadage da axare ierusalims, Tamamad aRimaRleeklesiisasa da iqadage da axare ierusalims, Tamamad aRimaRle

xma , radgan mravali sasaxelo ram miTxra Sen Sesaxebxma , radgan mravali sasaxelo ram miTxra Sen Sesaxebxma , radgan mravali sasaxelo ram miTxra Sen Sesaxebxma , radgan mravali sasaxelo ram miTxra Sen Sesaxebxma , radgan mravali sasaxelo ram miTxra Sen Sesaxeb

6 igulisxmeba qristianuli eklesia

168

RmrTismSobelma. me ki gevedrebi, Seminde, rom giSlidi CemiRmrTismSobelma. me ki gevedrebi, Seminde, rom giSlidi CemiRmrTismSobelma. me ki gevedrebi, Seminde, rom giSlidi CemiRmrTismSobelma. me ki gevedrebi, Seminde, rom giSlidi CemiRmrTismSobelma. me ki gevedrebi, Seminde, rom giSlidi Cemi

uxeSobisa da umecrebis gamo~.uxeSobisa da umecrebis gamo~.uxeSobisa da umecrebis gamo~.uxeSobisa da umecrebis gamo~.uxeSobisa da umecrebis gamo~.

“esreT gani�sna ra� dumilisagan misis yovladbrZeni ioane, viTarca

ganbrZnobili saRmrToTa Sina, da ebrZan sityuad da swavlad berisa

mis mier, iwyo gamoTqumad galobebsa aRdgomisas da saufloTa

sResaswaulTasa da ganawyo dasdeblebi stiqaronTa�”.

“im dRidan moyolebuli, netarma ioanem daiwyo saRvTismsaxuro

wignebis wera da masze keTilxmovani galobis gawyoba. man Seadgina

`rvaxmaTa~, romelic rogorc sulieri stviri, dRemde axarebs RmrTis

eklesias. Tavisi pirveli wigni ioanem daiwyo Semdegi sityvebiT: ̀ marjvena�

Seni, uZleveli RuTivSuenieri~. es aris `rvaxmaTas~ pirveli xmis

pirveli Zlispiri. "rvaxmaTas~ dakanonebam Secvala da ganaaxla saeklesio

RmrTismsaxurebis wesi7.

wm. ioane damaskelis sicocxleSive rva xmaTa mTelma aRmosavleTis

eklesiam miiRo, cota xnis Semdeg ki dasavleTis eklesiaSic gavrcelda.

saeklesio galobas "rvaxmaTam~ gansazRvruloba da erTgvarovneba

mianiWa, riTac im droisaTvis gabatonebul mouwyoblobas daudo zRvari.

mravalferovani melodiebidan man eklesiuri galobisaTvis upiratesad

isini airCia, romelnic qristianTaTvis sakadris grZnobebs gamoxataven,

xolo is melodiebi, romlebic vnebebs aRagzneben, ganagdo. igi Semoifargla

rva xmiT, raTa mlocvelebi ar garTuliyvnen melodiebis xSiri

cvalebadobiT; TiToeuli xma gansazRvrul da amasTanave Rirseul

grZnobas aRZravda.

hangis8 gansazRvrulobam TviTneburad SeTxzul, natif, gafantul,

araRmrTissaTno xelovnebas bolo mouRo; xolo ubraloebam, ramac

Tavmdabali qristianuli locvis ubrloeba gamoxata, suli locvisaTvis

ganawyo, gamoiyvana igi amaoebaze fiqrebidan, TiTqosda uflis saydramde

aRamaRla. rva xma amave dros zeciuri ierarqiis rvaxmovanebaze miuTiTebs,

ase adideben ufals RmrTismSobeli, angelozebi, winaswarmetyvelebi,

mociqulebi, mRvdelmTavrebi, mowameni, Rirsni da marTalni. "rvaxmaTas~

galoba RmrTis taxtis winaSe maradiulad mozeime wmidanebis

daudumebel sulier da saidumlo galobas mianiSnebs” . . .»

7 rodesac ioane damaskelma sabawmidis monasterSi daiwyo samgaloblo-musikaluri

Semoqmedeba, igi daaxloebiT 60 wlis iyo. man Seqmna wminda paseqis saucxoo

msaxureba, dawera 64 kanoni, uamravi dasdebeli da rogorc gvirgvini Tavisi Semoqmedebisa

- paraklitoni (“rva xmaTa” anu oqtoiqosi).

8 íàïåâ

169

« damaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedebadamaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedebadamaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedebadamaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedebadamaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedeba99999

wm. ioane damaskelis Semoqmedeba 5 nawilisagan Sedgeba – wminda

filosofiuri, anu dialeqtikuri, hermenevtikuli (ganmartebiTi), anu

kritikuli, saRvTismetyvelo, poeturi da samgaloblo, anu musikaluri.

RvTaebrivma damaskelma, rogorc himnografma da gamocdilma musikosma,

mimoixila Tavisi epoqisdroindeli sada, martivi saxis fsalmodia10

da xeli mihyo mis mowesrigebasa da kanonizacias. man Seadgina rvaxmaTa

(oqtoiqosi, igive paraklitoni – a.u.) rva xmis mixedviT. es xmebi

nasazrdoebi iyo berZnuli musikis mravalricxovani saxeobis

melodiebiT10, romlebic Sesworebisa da Secvlis Semdeg Tavisi SinaarsiT

ukve Seesabamebodnen eklesiur wminda grZnobebs. Rirsi mama win aRudga

ujero, uxams, eklesiisTvis Seuferebel, boboqar melodiebs, romlebic

iwvevdnen aRmafrenas, SfoTs, mZafr, dauokebel, sabrZolo grZnobebs da

datova iseTi melodiebi, romlebic xels uwyobdnen RvTis gandidebasa

da sinanuls. man ubralo, sada melodiebiT aRWurva Tavisi rvaxmaTa,

romelic Sedgeboda Tanabari sididis nawilebisagan da TiToeul nawils

saTaurad uwoda TiTo xmis saxeli.

wm. ioane damaskelma am melodiebis Casawerad Seadgina kaviseburi

niSnebi. marTalia, isini msgavsi iyo maTi winamorbedi niSnebisa, romlebic

sami saukuniT adre arsebobdnen, magram RvTiurma melodosma mniSvnelovnad

gardaqmna da Seaswora grafikuli masala; damaskeliseuli simboloebi

emsgavseboda Zvel egviptur ieroglifebs: xSirad erTi niSani aRniSnavda

erT bgerasac, mraval bgerasac da mTel melodiasac11.

musikis TeoriaSi gawafulma da daxelovnebulma Semoqmedma SeamCnia,

rom melodiebis Seswavla Semoifargleboda mxolod praqtikiT, xolo

9 wignidan georgios i. papadopulosi “bizantiuri saeklesio musikis

istoriuli mimoxilva (mociqulTa xanidan Cvens dromde (1-1900 ax.w)”,

gamomc. “tertios”, katerini, 1-li gamocema, aTeni., 1904 w., ibeWdeba SemoklebiT.

zogierT sakiTxTan da terminTan dakavSirebiT sqolioSi movaTavseT Cveneuli

ganmartebebi da komentarebi.10 fsalmodia, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, fsalmunTgalobas niSnavs. pirvel saukuneebSi

ZiriTadad fsalmunebs galobdnen. amitom fsalmodia galobis sinonimad damkvidrda.

Tavis mxriv, Zveli berZnuli musika, misi kiloebi da melodiebi, nasazrdoebia sxva

xalxebis kilo-melodiebiT: dorielebis, frigielebis, lidielebisa da sxv. aseve,

bizantiuri xelovnebis CamoyalibebaSi monawileobdnen bizantiis imperiis sivrceSi

moqceuli da mis gareT myofi xalxebi: sirielebi, arabebi, ebraelebi, qarTvelebi,

somxebi da sxva.11 damaskelis dros da Semdgom periodSic sagaloblis Caweria emyareboda, erTi mxriv,

musikalur notacias, meore mxriv ki - zepir gadmocemasa da eklesiis cocxal

praqtikas. sagalobelTa ufro zustad Caweris mizniT, notaciis sistema ramdenjerme

Seicvala. Tanamedrove sistema iZleva melodiis unatifesi niuansebis aRwerisa da

gadmocemis saSualebas.

170

Teoriuli nawili da xmebis urTierTkavSiri ugulebelyofili iyo.

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, rvaxmaTa emsgavseboda xalxis sametyvelo enas,

romelsac ar gaaCnda Tavisi gramatika. damaskelma pirvelma moawesriga

oqtoiqia (rvaxmovaneba) da Seqmna RvTiuri musikis Teoria12.

SemdgomSi musikis Teoriaze

mecnieruli naSromebi sxvebmac daweres:

manuel vrieniosma, ioane kukurmasma –

plusidelma mRvdelma, magistrma ioane

kukuzelma, ioane kladasma, manuel

qrisafisma, dimitri kantemirisma, tinosis

mTavarepiskoposma kirilem, basili

stefanidisma-bizantielma, qrizanTosma -

doraqsis mitropolitma, hormozios

qartofilakma, Teodore fokaelma,

margaritis davrielma, giorgi lesboselma, panagiotis aRaTokleosma,

kvirike filoqsenisma - efesiomagniselma da sxvebma. aseve, 1881 w.

gamoqveynda sapatriarqos musikaluri kolegiis mier Sedgenili

Teoretikoni.

wm. ioane damaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedebis

upirvelesi nayofia rvaxmaTa, romelic moicavs mTel qristianul

dogmatur swavlebas. karlos didis gankargulebiT sayovelTao

sargeblobisaTvis igi damaskelis sicocxleSive gadaeca aRmosavleTisa

da dasavleTis yvela eklesias. rvaxmaTas mravalferovani sagaloblebi

Setanilia mxolod SabaTis mwuxrisa da kviris ciskaris gangebaSi,

romelic saukuneebis manZilze Seivso sxva SemoqmedTa nawarmoebebiT.

“aRmosavlurad” (anatolikurad) wodebuli dasdeblebi ganekuTvneba

damaskelis kvalad aRzevebul studiel bers – anatolis, stiqaronis

dasdeblebi - pavle amorevels, evergetidels, samebis kanoni (SuaRamianis)

– mitrofane smirnels, aRsavlebi - Teodore studiels, TerTmeti

saciskro geri – leon brZens, TerTmeti ganmanaTlebeli – konstantine

porfirosans.

RvTaebrivma Semoqmedma, rvaxmaTas kanonebis garda, dawera

keTilriTmuli wyobiT gamorCeuli kanoni paseqis dResaswaulisaTvis

- “aRdgomisa dRe ars, gavbrwyindebodeT aw erno”, romlis teqsti

grigol RvTismetyvelis mier aRdgomisTvis Tqmuli saxotbo sityvis

12 Cvenamde moaRwia uZvelesma kiTxva-pasuxebis momcvelma pergamentma da xbos tyavze

dawerilma musikis gramatikam, anu kanonma, Zvel berZenTa cnebebisa da kanonebis

teqstma, romelic Seexeba rva xmaTa dayofas, ZiriTadisagan gverdiTi xmebis warmoebas

da Zvel berZnul musikaSi maT SesabamisTa warmoebas. saTaurad aweria: “sagaloblis

xelovnebis – sxeulTa da sulTa da yovelTa xelqmnilTa aRmavlobisa da daRmavlobis

wesi”. varaudoben, rom isini Tavad wm. ioane damaslels ekuTvnis. aseve zogierTi

mkvlevari damaskelsave miakuTvnebs Teoriul fragments saTauriT “agiopoliti”.

171

mixedviT aris Seqmnili. es kanoni kozma melodosma13 rom moismina -

romelmac imave paseqs meore xmis kanoni miuZRvna, - marTebulad gaocda

da SesZaxa: “Sen ki, Zmao ioane, mTeli samyaro moicavi da gareT

aRaraferi datove. amitom damarcxebuli vaRiareb – dae, Sens kanons

ergos pirveloba da jildo da igalobebodes qristes eklesiaSi

sajarod, xolo Cemi darCes migdebuli bnel kuTxeSi, rogorc araRirsi

sinaTlis xilvisa, radganac dawerilia sevdisa da tirilis momgvrel

xmaze, romelic ar Seefereba brwyinvale da sayovelTaod sasixarulo

aRdgomis dRes14”.

garda paseqis kanonisa, wm. ioane damaskelma Seadgina umTavresi

dResaswaulebis 60 sagalobeli kanoni15, romlebic aseve riTmuladaa

gawyobili wm. grigol RvTismetyvelis da sxva wm. mamaTa sadResaswaulo

sityvebze. svida xazs usvams damaskelisa da kosma melodosis kanonTa

did mniSvnelobas da ambobs: “xolo ioanesa da kosmas sagalobeli

kanonebi Seudarebelia da Cveni cxovrebis manZilze badali ar eyoleba”.

RvTaebrivi ioanes kanonebidan gamovyofT iamburi trimetriT16 daweril

sam kanons: qristesSobis – “saswauliTa ixsna”, naTlisRebis – “zRuisa

RelvaTa” da sulTmofenobis – “saRmrToman nislman”, romlebic grigol

nazianzelis Txzulebebis mixedviTaa Seqmnili. es wm. mama orive

melodosis STagonebis wyaro iyo. garda amisa, aRsaniSnavia anbanurad

gawyobili xarebis kanoni – “aRaRe piri Cemi” da amave kanonis meoTxe

galobisaTvis Seqmnili ori Zlispiri: “ganzraxva� saidumlo� “ da

“ieso mjdomare”. aseve – RvTismSoblis miZinebis kanoni – “moiswrafeT

qalwulno”, amaRlebis – “mxsnelsa Cuensa”, mirqmis, jvarTamaRlebis,

RvTismSoblis Sobis, winaswarmetyvelTa, mociqulTa, mRvdelmTavarTa,

mowameTa, RirsTa, aRdgomis taZris ganaxlebis (enkeniis), TviTmpyrobel

konstantines winaSe gamoCinebuli jvris dResaswaulis kanonebi da

sxva. xolo RvTaebrivi melodosis sagalobeli kanonebisaTvis daweres

gamokvleva da ganmartebebi zonaram, Teodore protoprodromosma,

grigori pardisma – korinTos episkoposma, evstaTi Tesalonikelma,

markoz efeselma da nikodimos mTawmindelma.

wm. ioanes miekuTvneba aseve Semdegi saeklesio sagaloblebi:

“ufro�sad didebulo kurTxeulo RvTismSobelo, maradis qalwulo”,

13 kosma - maiumis episkoposi, qristes eklesiis udidesi wminda mamaTagani, romlis

sagalobeli -”upatiosnessa qerubimTasa” didad saTno eyo yovladwmida RvTismSobels,

rac piradad ganucxada kidec wm. kosmas.14 didi mamis es kurTxeva pirnaTlad sruldeba: wm. ioane damaskelis paseqis kanoni,

damaskeliseuli RvTiuri melodiiT dResac sruldeba qristes eklesiaSi yvela

adgilobriv enaze, maT Soris – qarTuladac.15 zogierTi avtoris cnobiT, wm. ioane damaskelma dawera 64 kanoni.16 mokle da grZeli marcvlebis samgzisi mimdevroba erT saleqso strofSi,

maxviliT grZel marcvalze.

172

“Sendami ixarebs, mimadlebulo”, “uxrwnelsa xatsa Sensa Tayuanis vscemT”,

“miwyalen Cuen, ufalo”, “ufalo, Segviwyalen Cuen, rameTu Sen gesavT”,

“mowyalebisa kari gangviRe, kurTxeulo RvTismSobelo”, “auracxel

arian simravleni codvaTa CemTani, RvTismSobelo”, “yoveli sasoeba Cemi

Semdami damiZs”, “zecisa mxedrobaTa mTavarangelozno”, agreTve -

troparebi JamnobaTaTvis da paseqis dasdeblebi, 26 samgloviaro

TviTxmovani da dasdeblebi, Seqmnili wminda sabas monasterSi

nugeSiscemisaTvis Tanamonazonisa, romelmac dakarga sayvareli Zma da

amis gamo didi dardiT iyo moculi; aseve - TvenSi “ioane monazonis”

saxeliT cnobili dasdeblebi mirqmisaTvis, jvarTamaRlebisaTvis,

mociqulTa da mowameTaTvis, agreTve – locvebi uxrwnel saidumloTa

ziarebisaTvis. masve ekuTvnis rva didi RaRadvyavi, daujdomelis Sesavali

nawili (ikimatarioni), anu neli “RmerTi ufali” daujdomelisa,

“brZanebuli saidumlo�”, neli “zesTa mbrZolisa” ori gundisaTvis,

“aha esera siZe movals”, “raJams didebulni mowafeni”, pirveli xmis

ganicadeni (ziarebisa) – “ganicadeT da ixileT”, pirvelSewirulis

meeqvse xmis qerubikoni – “aw Zalni” da sxva mravali, qerubikonisa da

ganicadenis msgavsi.

aseTia RvTaebrivi damaskelis SesaniSnavi da brwyinvale Semoqmedeba,

romelic nimuSad gamoiyenes momdevno Taobebis melodosebma17. aqve

davsZendiT imasac, rom damaskelisa da kosma melodosis axalma

sagaloblebma mniSvnelovnad gaafarToves saeklesio msaxurebis cikli.

amitomac marTebda damaskos RvTiur mnaTobs, Tavidan ganexila wm. saba

ganwmendilis fasdaudebeli tipikoni18, romelic moicavs ZvelTaganve

kurTxeul sagaloblebs da romelmac gadmogvca saeklesio msaxurebis

mTeli wesi. damaskelamde TiToeul adgilobriv eklesiasa da TiToeul

monasters sakuTari tipikoni hqonda, xolo wm. ioane damaskelis

SemoqmedebiT damyarda saeklesio erTianoba.»

17 sxvadasxva drois Semoqmedebma (gansakuTrebiT peloponeselma) Seadgines samgaloblo

krebulebi, romlebSic adaptirebuli, rig SemTxvevaSi - gamartivebuli saxiT Sevida

wina periodis sagaloblebi. TviT am SemoqmedTa mier dawerili originaluri

sagaloblebi Seqmnilia damaskeliseuli rvaxmaTas xmebiTa da melodiebiT, anu

damaskeliseuli kanonikis dacviT.18 rogorc aRvniSneT, wm. saba ganwmedilis tipikoni Cvens eklesiaSi dResac moqmedebs.

173

Tavi VIITavi VIITavi VIITavi VIITavi VII

BBBBB TargmanebiTargmanebiTargmanebiTargmanebiTargmanebi

g

ava dro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxaven eklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini isev Zvels daubrundebian. ai, Sexede, bizantiur galobaSi rogor ubrundeba yvelaferi Tavis adgils!

beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli) beri paisi (mTawmideli)

174

Tavi VIITavi VIITavi VIITavi VIITavi VII

Targmanebi Targmanebi Targmanebi Targmanebi Targmanebi

beri paisi (mTawmideli)Aberi paisi (mTawmideli)Aberi paisi (mTawmideli)Aberi paisi (mTawmideli)Aberi paisi (mTawmideli)A

“adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian”“adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian”“adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian”“adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian”“adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian”

(SemoklebiT)

gava dro da adamianebi daafaseben, rom dRes qristianebi inaxaven

eklesiis Rirsebas, rwmenasa da sidiades. ai naxavT, isini isev Zvels

daubrundebian. xatwerasTan dakavSirebiTac xom igive moxda. iyo dro,

roca bizantiuri xelovneba ar esmodaT. adamianebi taZrebis kedlebidan

xeleCoTi yridnen uZveles freskebs, raTa SeebaTqaSebinaT da Tavidan

moexataT – aRorZinebis stilSi. axla, amdeni

wlis Semdeg, daafases bizantiuri xelovneba.

mravali imaTganic ki, romlebsac mokrZaleba

ara aqvT, isinic ki, romlebsac RmerTi ara

swamT, nel-nela xeleCoTi dazianebul

uZveles freskebs dasavlur stilSi

moxatuli baTqaSisgan aTavisufleben.

zustad aseve, adamianebi nel-nela imis Zebnas

daiwyeben, rasac dRes, rogorc usargeblosa

da zedmets, Tavidan icileben.

Aai, Sexede, bizantiur galobaSi rogor

ubrundeba yvelaferi Tavis adgils! axla

bizantiurad galoba patara bavSvebmac ki

Seiswavles. adre Znelad moiZebneboda iseTi

adamiani, romelmac bizantiuri galoba icoda.

axla ki igi patara bavSvebmac ician da

ufrosebi, amis Semyureni, Cafiqrdebian.

rogori lamazi da tkbili “xveulebi” aqvs bizantiur galobas!

gansakuTrebiT wminda bizantiur nawarmoebebSi. zogni bulbulis galobis

msgavsia, sxvani – moqceuli talRis nazi tylaSunis, mesameni melodias

gansakuTrebul sidiades aniWeben. saerTo jamSi ki RvTaebriv azrs

gadmoscemen da usvamen xazs.

Targmanebi

175

wminda bizantiuri galoba – rogori tkbilia igi! suls moalbobs

da amSvidebs. swori saeklesio galoba Sinagani sulieri mdgomareobis

gareT amoxeTqvaa. es RvTaebrivi mxiarulebaa! anu qriste guls

amxiarulebs da adamiani guliTad mxiarulebaSi RmerTs esaubreba. Tu

mgalobeli Tanamonawileobs imaSi, rasac galobs, maSin, am sityvis

dadebiTi mniSvnelobiT, igi Tavadac icvleba da isinic icvlebian, vinc

mas usmenen. mravali wlis win wminda mTaze eridan Camosul erT Zvel

mgalobels Sercxva, roca naxa, rom mTawmindelebi Zveleburad galobdnen.

is gverdiT daiyenes, rom maTTan erTad egaloba, magram igi”xveulebis”

gareSe galobda, radgan ar icoda isini. mTawmindelebma ki es xveulebi

gadmocemiT iswavles. ai Semdgom, am mgalobelmac da zogierTma sxvamac

kefa moifxanes. maT gauCndaT keTili wuxili, daiwyes Zebna, literaturis

kiTxva, Zvel mgalobelTa mosmena, romlebic gadmocemis mixedviT galobdnen.

da amgvarad, am mgalobelma eriskacebmac daiwyes “xveulebiT” galoba.

Turqebmac xom TavianTi musika bizantiidan gadmoiRes, rodesac

mcire aziaSi movidnen. amitom Turquli xalxuri simRerebi

garkveulwilad msmenelis guls xvdeba. xalxSi kidec amboben: “igalobe

Turqulad, ilaparake frangulad, xolo were – berZnulad”. . . zogierTi

berZeni, romelmac ar icis, rom Turquli xalxuri simRerebi bizantiidan

warmoiSvnen, ambobs, TiTqos Cven bizantiuri galoba Turqebidan

gadmoviReT! rodesac Turqebi aziis siRrmeebidan bizantiaSi movidnen,

maT musika da simRera ar hqondaT! maT maSin saerTod araferi gaaCndaT.

maT TavianTi melodiebi bizantiuri saeklesio wesidan aiRes.

- geronda, ratom moswonT kaTolikebs evropuli harmonia?

- ratom? amboben, rom aseTi musika xalxisTvis ufro gasagebia. da Sen

gaxsovs is kaTolike monazvnebi safrangeTSi, “qriste aRdgas” rom

galobdnen da Tan xatTan erTad Tanamedrove cekvas rom cekvavdnen?

aRdgomas dResaswaulobdnen! xati ki Tavad monastris winamZRvars

eWira! yvelaferi cvales, erTi meoreTi Seanacvles da xedav, bolos

sadamde mividnen!

176

wm. egnate brianCaninovis werilebis Targmanis SemoTavazebamde, oriode

sityviT gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom ramdenime wlis win saqarTveloSi xatweris

kanonikasTan dakavSirebiT cxare kamaTi mimdinareobda. saukuneebis

manZilze saqarTveloSi (da sxva adgilobriv eklesiebSic) dakarguli

iyo kanonikuri xatweris tradicia, romlis adgili daikava bolo

ori-sami saukunis manZilze ruseTidan Tu pirdapir evropidan Semosulma

e.w. italiurma stilma. sabednierod, xatweris kanonika SenarCunda

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sxva adgilobriv eklesiebSi, romelTa

magaliTiTa da istoriuli memkvidreobis safuZvelze, RvTis SewevniT,

qarTuli eklesia xatweris kanonikisaken Semobrunda.

amJamad saqarTveloSi galobis kanonikasTan dakavSirebiT igive procesi

mimdinareobs. friad niSandoblivia, rom kanonikuri (bizantiuri)

galobisadmi interesi ramdenime adgilobriv eklesiaSi TiTqmis

erTdroulad gaRvivda: ruseTis, serbeTis, bulgareTis, rumineTis, evropis,

amerikisa da sxva adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiebSi. amitom es

movlena kanonzomier movlenad unda miviCnioT. Tumca unda aRiniSnos,

rom sxva adgilobriv eklesiebSi bizantiuri galobis Seswavlisa Tu

RvTismsaxurebaSi gamoyenebis procesi umtkivneulod, didi

dapirispirebis gareSe mimdinareobs.

cnobebi imis Sesaxeb, rom ruseTSi mravalxmianoba dasavleTis

gavleniT damkvidrda, rusul wyaroebSi mravladaa daculi. am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT sainteresoa daviT maCablis mosazreba, romelic man gamoTqva

erT-erT werilSi (“qarTvelTa zneoba”, galoba, XIX s-is I nax. d.


galoba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZuli dagaloba aris saTave sxuaTa yovelTa galobaTa: berZuli da


erTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTaerTs xmad Sewyobils banSi , gamomxatveli saRmrToTa

sagalobelTasagalobelTasagalobelTasagalobelTasagalobelTa , , , , , moyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi, galoba esemoyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi, galoba esemoyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi, galoba esemoyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi, galoba esemoyvanili sakmaos sisruleSi, galoba ese

emsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr gamokrTisemsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr gamokrTisemsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr gamokrTisemsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr gamokrTisemsgavsebis dabalsa quxilsa, romelSiac elvebr gamokrTis

mSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma erTisamSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma erTisamSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma erTisamSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma erTisamSvenierad mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed xma erTisa

mTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore, ese igimTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore, ese igimTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore, ese igimTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore, ese igimTqmelisa, anaTlebs gulsa da gonebasa. xolo meore, ese igi

italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad,italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad,italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad,italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad,italianuri, ars Sewyobili mravalTa xmaTagan erTs Rarmoniad,

mqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTamqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTamqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTamqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTamqoni friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivsa zeda. igi hpoves evropelTa

unamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa. rogorcunamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa. rogorcunamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa. rogorcunamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa. rogorcunamdviles Rarmoniad da miiRes yovelTa samefoTa. rogorc

saeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobadsaeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobadsaeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobadsaeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobadsaeklesios sagalobelad, ise saerosa da samxedrosa saxiobad

(muzikad)”.(muzikad)”.(muzikad)”.(muzikad)”.(muzikad)”.

xatwerasa da galobas, xatweris kanonikasa da galobis kanonikas

Soris mravali msgavseba arsebobs. aqedan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT,

177

mkiTxvelisaTvis saintereso unda iyos amonaridi (umniSvnelo

SemoklebiT) wm. egnate brianCaninovis im werilebidan, romlebic Seexeba

saeklesio xelovnebis or sferos - xatwerasa da galobas1. aqve davsZenT,

rom ruseTis eklesiam Tavisi daarsebidanve aiTvisa da sakuTar wiaRSi

daamkvidra saeklesio kanonikuri, bizantiuri galoba, romelic ramdenime

saukunis Semdeg e.w. “znamenni raspeviT” Seicvala. igi dRemde igalobeba

ruseTis rig monastrebSi (bizantiurTan erTad), da yvelaze axlos

dgas bizantiur galobasTan Tavisi principebiT, struqturiTa da

melodiebiT, Tumca ramdenadme gansxvavdeba misgan. wminda mama sakiTxs

ganixilavs ara kanonikurobis TvalsazrisiT, aramed saeklesio xelovnebis

arsobrivi bunebisa da sulierebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom yvela Sefaseba

da daskvna, rac man gaakeTa SemoTavazebul werilebSi, SegviZlia marTebulad

miviCnioT saeklesio kanonikuri (bizantiuri) galobasTan mimarTebaSic.

wm. egnate brianCaninoviwm. egnate brianCaninoviwm. egnate brianCaninoviwm. egnate brianCaninoviwm. egnate brianCaninovi

ganxeTqilebisa da eresis cnebis SesaxebganxeTqilebisa da eresis cnebis SesaxebganxeTqilebisa da eresis cnebis SesaxebganxeTqilebisa da eresis cnebis SesaxebganxeTqilebisa da eresis cnebis Sesaxeb

(amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze)(amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze)(amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze)(amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze)(amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze)

yvela rusma Seigno, rom italiuri xatebi ar SeiZleba iyos wminda

xatebi. da mainc, italiuri ferwera - ruseTis evropul yaidaze gardaqmnis

droidan moyolebuli - TiTqmis yvela rusul marTlmadideblur taZarSi

Sevida. es ferwera acdunebs “raskolniks”, xolo WeSmarit

marTlmadidebels amwuxrebs: is aris dasavleli rvafexa

marTlmadideblur taZarze. ris mixedviT xatavdnen italieli fermwerni

uwmides dedaTa gamosaxulebebs? TavianTi sayvarlebis naturis mixedviT.

rafaelis madonebi udaxvewiles avxorcobas gamoxataven. cnobilia,

rom rafaeli ugaryvnilesi adamiani iyo: surda, gamoesaxa ideali, romelic

yvelaze Zlierad imoqmedebda masze da xSirad funjs xelidan agdebda

da iswrafoda, raTa mis winaSe mdgar menature qals Caxveoda. sxva

fermwrebi, romelTa niWi ufro uxeSi iyo, vidre rafaelisa, TavianTi

warmosaxviT ufro aSkarad gamosaxavdnen xatebze vnebas; xolo zogierTni

gamosaxavdnen ara mxolod vnebas, aramed urcxvobasa da uwesobasc.

zogierTi wminda mamis xati qalis naturis mixedviTaa dawerili,

rogorc, magaliTad, dominikenes mier dawerili ioane RvTismetyvelis

cnobili gamosaxuleba. zogierTi wamebulis xati italielma avxorcma

1 Ñâò. Èãíàòèé, åï. Êàâêàçñêèé: “Ïîíÿòèå î åðåñè è ðàñêîëå”, Âûäåðæêè î ïåâ÷åñêîìèñêóññòâå è èêîíîïèñè, Ïðàâîñëàâíûé õðèñòèàíèí ¹¹5, 6, 7.

178

ferwerebma TavianTi Tanagaryvnili megobari kacis2 garegnobis mixedviT

daweres, maT mier uwesod gatarebuli Ramisa Tu Rameebis Semdeg,

rodesac aseTi qceva asaxuli iyo maT daqancul saxeebze. italiur

tiloebze, romlebic dawerilia dasavleli eretikosebis mier da

gamosaxaven wminda sagnebs - yvela moZraoba, yvela poza, yvela

gamometyveleba grZnobismieri da vnebiania, moCvenebiTi da Teatraluria;

maTSi araferia wminda, sulieri; asec Cans - fermwerebi arian metad

xorcieli adamianebi, romelTac mciredi warmodgenac ki ara aqvT sulieri

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, am mdgomareobis aranairi gancda ar aqvT da

amitom savsebiT ar ZaluZT, ferweriT gamosaxon sulieri adamiani. maT

warmodgena ara aqvT, Tu rogor ganlagdeba locvaSi CaRrmavebuli

wminda mamis saxis nakvTebi, rogor mdgomareobas iReben misi Tvalebi,

tuCebi, xelebi, mTeli misi sxeuli; amitom isini sakuTar umecar

warmosaxvaSi Txzavdnen TavianT Tavisufal, umecar ocnebas, Semdeg am

ocnebis Sesatyvisad ayenebdnen menature qalsa Tu kacs, da maTi

SesaniSnavi funjebi gamosaxavdnen tiloze srul uazrobas, - iseTsaves,

rogoric iqneboda umWevrmetyvelesi oratoris sityva, rom aeZulebinaT,

misTvis sruliad ucnob saganze elaparaka.

rusuli akademiis aRzrdilebma ganaTleba dasavluri nimuSebis

Sesabamisad miiRes da taZrebi gaavses xatebiT, romlebic savsebiT ar

arian Rirsni, xatebad iwodebodnen. es xatebi, romelTa winaSec dabla

eSveba ubiwo mzera, taZrebSi rom ar yofiliyvnen, aravin ifiqrebda, rom

maT xatebis Rirseba miewerebodaT. mravlismnaxveli da didi

gamocdilebis mqone eriskaci ver warmoidgens, Tu rogor zemoqmedeben

qalwulebriv bunebaze aseTi gamosaxulebebi. erTi beri, romelic

amaRlebuli beruli cxovrebiT

udabnoSi cxovrobda, garkveuli

garemoebebis gamo iZulebuli gaxda,

peterburgSi Casuliyo. igi erT

saRamos sulieri saubrebisaTvis

bebruxuna qalbatonma miiwvia. am dros

bebruxunas gogonebi imosebodnen, raTa

mejlisze gamgzavrebuliyvnen .

Semosilebi, ufro sworad, Tanamedrove modis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad

zomaze gaSiSvlebulebi, isini dedikosTan mividnen, raTa xelze ambor-

eyoT da etlSi Camsxdariyvnen. beri, romelsac cxovrebaSi ar exila

dasavluri wesdebis mixedviT eresisa da warmarTobis rigzed

gaSiSvlebulebi qaliSvilebi, didad SeSfoTda. is irwmuneboda, rom

mis mier nanaxi sacduris mere ukve aRar iyo saWiro, sacduneblad

Tavad eSmaki gamocxadeboda. maS ra iqneba, aseTma umanko Tvalebma

2 dRes rom “boi-frendebs” uwodeben (a.u.)

179

msgavsi gamosaxuleba xatze rom ixilon, gamosaxuleba, romelic aRanTebs

ara locvas, aramed yvelaze uwmindur vnebebs.

is, rom italiuri saxis ferwera ar Seefereba xatweras, amJamad

ukve saCino da aRiarebulia. magram,

samwuxarod, Tanamedrove moda miidrika sxva

ukiduresobisaken – Zveli rusuli

xatweris mibaZvisaken, romelsac Tan axlavs

mibaZvisTvis damaxasiaTebeli yvela Secdoma,

maT Soris mibaZvisas uaxles gamogonebaTa

sxvadasxva Seusabamobebis gamoyeneba da

misadageba. aq aris cdunebisaTvis axali

mizezi. aseTi xatis win ver cdundeba

“raskolniki”, romelsac ar SeuZlia

araswori naxati sworisagan gaarCios; mis winaSe cdundeba uaxlesi

progresis qarafSuta naSieri. es naSieri xedavs xatze gamosaxulebis

simaxinjes da cdundeba, icinis, mkrexelobs. zedapiruli ganaTleba mas

saSualebas ar aZlevs, gaarCios wminda da RvTiuri ganweseba im

mravalferovani nagvisagan, romelic eklesiaSi sxvadasxva dros Semodioda

adamianuri uZlurebis, SezRudulobis, codvilobisa gamo, dro-Jamis

suliskveTebis Sesabamisad. uaxlesi progresis es naSieri, saR azrs

moklebuli, xedavs adamianis sisustis gamo eklesiaSi Setanil mankierebas

da imwamsve iwyebs meryeobas eklesiisadmi ndobaSi, iwyebs mis gankiTxvas,

iqceva misTvis ucxod. ramdenadac mavnea “raskolnikebis” cduneba,

imdenadve mavnea Tanamedrove Taobis cduneba.

Cvens droSi ferweris xelovnebam srulyofilebis maRal xarisxs

miaRwia. fermwers, romelsac surs RvTis taZris Rirsi da qristianebis

dammoZRvravi xati daweros, amisaTvis umetesi saSualebebi aqvs, vidre

odesme, magram is aucileblad Zalze RvTismosavad unda cxovrobdes,

raTa sulieri mdgomareobebi gamocdilebiT Seimecnos; gansakuTrebiT

unda icnobdes RvTismosavTa xatebs, raTa maT saxeebze dainaxos is

Rrma simSvide, Cumi, ciuri sixarulis is anabeWdi, is bavSvuri ubraloeba,

romelic am saxeebze gulmodgine locvisa da sxva RvTivsaTno saqmianobis

Sedegad gamoisaxeba. dae, daakvirdes igi maT bunebriv moZraobas, -

araferi SeTxzuli, araviTari gamogonilis ar arsebobs maTSi. xatisaTvis

naxatis siswore aucilebelia. amasTan wmindanebi unda gamoisaxos

wmindanebrivad, iseTebad, rogorebic isini iyvnen: ubraloebi, mSvidebi,

mxiarulebi, morCilebi: iseT SesamoselSi, rogoriTac isini imosebodnen;

yvelaze Tavmdabal moZraobebSi da mdgomareobebSi, savseni mowiwebiT,

safuZvlianobiT, RvTismoSiSebiT.Y

wmindanis gamosaxulebisaTvis ucxo unda iyos daxvewili poza,

moZraoba, saxis aRfrTovanebuli gamometyveleba, - romanuli,

180

sentimentaluri, Ria piriT, ukan gadagdebuli TaviT an mkveTrad zeviT

mimarTuli TvalebiT. es ukanaskneli poza, romelsac Cveulebriv

locviTi mdgomareobis gamosaxatavad mimarTaven, ikrZaleba wminda mamebis

mier locvisas. aseve ar unda gamoisaxos wminda dedebi da qalwulebi

dabla daxrili TvalebiT: qalwuli maSin iwyebs Tvalebis dabla

daxras, rodesac mas codvis SegrZneba ewveva; Tavisi umankoebisas igi

pirdapir iyureba.

aseve, mravali iwyebs imis Segnebas, rom italiuri galoba

marTlmadideblur RvTismsaxurebas ar Seefereba. igi dasavleTidan

dagvatyda Tavs da ramdenime aTeuli wlis winaT gansakuTrebulad iyo

miRebuli. liturgia Seicvala koncertiT, romelic operas mogvagonebs.

eriskaci, romelic micemulia garTobebsa da mxiarulobebs, ar cvifrdeba

am umsgavsoebiT ise Zlierad, rogorc RvTismosavi adamiani, romelic

eweva seriozul cxovrebas, romelic bevrs msjelobs Tavis gadarCenaze

da qristianobaze, rogorc cxonebis saSualebaze; romelsac guliT

surs, rom es saSualeba SeinarCunos mTeli Tavisi siwmidiTa da ZaliT,

rogorc umniSvnelovanesi ganZi, rogorc memkvidreoba, misTvis yvelaze

Zvirfasi, Svilebisa da SviliSvilebisaTvis. unda vicodeT, rom ruseTSi

Zalian bevri adamiani cxovrobs mZime cxovrebiT - isini viTarebaTa

gamo arian iZulebuli, icxovron ase. gamarTobeli, mxiaruli, Tanamedrove

progresis sferoSi cxovrebiT mxolod mcireodenT Tu SeuZliaT

icxovron, vinaidan aseTi cxovrebisaTvis saWiroa sakmao odenobis

materialuri saSualebebi. mxiarulebaSi myofni ar unda msjelobdnen

sxva adamianebze TavianTi magaliTiT, rogorc amas isini xSirad sCadian.

imisaTvis, rom erTi mxiarulobdes, xSirad aTasni da aTasni mZimed

unda Sromobdenen, unda Rvridnen mware cremlebsa da sisxlian ofls.

rogor SeiZleba am aTasebis grZnobebi iseTive iyos, rogoric momxiarule

erTeulebisa?

rogorc saxareba gvaswavlis, dacemuli adamianis xvedri miwaze

tanjva da godebaa; da es dacemuli da daRupuli adamiani RvTis

taZarSi modis, raTa RvTis winaSe swored Tavisi damwuxrebuli grZnobebi

gadmoRvaros, aRiaros Tavisi gaWirvebuli mdgomareoba. locvaTa umetesoba,

romelic ikiTxeba eklesiaSi, gamoxatavs daRupulis vedrebas

SewyalebisaTvis, gadmoscems kacobriobis daRupvis Sesaxeb mraval niSans,

moicavs, sazogadod, adamianis dacemis aRsarebasa da dacemis kerZo

magaliTebs. isini drodadro gadadian RvTis didebaze, gamomxsnelis

Semweobisa da gamoxsnis sasixarulo qebaze; magram es sadideblebi da

es qebani tyveebis mier warmoiTqmeba, romlebic jurRmulSi arian

Cayrilni, romlebmac ganTavisuflebisa aRTqma miiRes, magram Tavad jer

ar ganTavisuflebulan. Cveni gadarCenis imediT gamowveuli sixaruli

uciloblad SeerTebulia CvenSi codvili monobis samwuxaro SegnebasTan.

181

wminda mamebi Cvens sulier SegrZnebebs savsebiT samarTlianad

uwodeben “sevdian-sasixarulos”. es SegrZnebebi mTeli sisavsiT “znamenni

raspeviT” gadmoicema, romelic zogierT monasterSi jer kidev

SenarCunebulia4. “znamenni raspevi” hgavs Zvel xatebs. misi yuradRebiT

mosmena iseTive grZnobiTYgavsebs, rogoriTac Zveli xatis daJinebuli

cqera, romelic romelime wminda kacis mier aris dawerili. Rrma

RvTismosaobis grZnobas, romliTac ganmsWvalulia hangi, suli mowiwebisa

da lmobierbisaken mihyavs. xelovnebis ukmarisoba TvalnaTelia, magram

sulieri Rirsebebis winaSe is qreba. qristiani, romelic

Tavis cxovrebas tanjvaSi atarebs, romelic gamudmebiT

ebrZvis sxvadasxva cxovrebiseul siZneleebs, gaigonebs

ra “znamenni raspevs”, Tavis sulier mdgomareobasTan

imwasve TanxmobaSi modis. am harmonias is ukve ver

poulobs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Tanamedrove

galobaSi. karis galoba, romelic eklesiaSi amJamad

sayovelTaod gamoiyeneba, uCveulod civia, usicocxlo,

rogorRac qarafSutuli, sulswrafi! Tanamedrove

kompozitorebis qmnilebebi gamoxataven maTi sulis

ganwyobilebas - dasavleTis ganwyobilebas - miwiers,

mSvinviers, vnebians an civs; maTTvis ucxoa sulieri

SegrZnebebi. zogierTebma SeamCnies, rom galobis dasavluri

elementi SeuZlebelia marTlmadidebeli eklesiis suls

SeuTanxmdes, maT samarTlianad miiCniaT bortianskis

cnobili qmnilebebi tkbilvnebianad da romanulad da moindomes

saqmisTvis eSvelaT: “znamenni raspevi” kontrapunqtis yvela wesis

dacviT oTx xmaSi gadaitanes. daakmayofila Tu ara maTma Sromam

eklesiis moTxovnebi, misi sulis moTxovnebi? Cven valdebulni varT

uaryofiTad vupasuxoT. “znamenni raspevi” isea dawerili, rom unda

igalobebodes erT xmaSi da ara partesulad, imisda miuxedavad, ramdeni

mgalobelic ar unda galobdes – erTi Tu meti. es galoba xelSeuxebeli

unda darCes: misi partesulSi gadatana ueWvelad mis damaxinjebas

gamoiwvevs. aseTi daskvna uciloblad sawyisi mizezidan gamomdinareobs:

is TviT gamocdilebiT marTldeba. miuxedavad gadatanis sisworisa,

paseqis kanonma Tavisi sazeimo sixarulis xasiaTi dakarga da sevdiani

gaxda: es ukve aRar aris qristes aRdgomiT adamianTa modgmis gamoxsnis

gamo gamowveuli aRfrTovaneba; es aris tirili saflavsa zeda. aseTi

xasiaTis cvlileba, Tumca ara imdenad sagrZnobi, “znamenni raspevisa”

da sxva yvela Zveli saeklesio sagaloblebis gamravalxmovnebaSi SeimCneva.

4 niSandoblivia, rom am monastrebSi “znameni raspevTan” erTad bizantiursac galoben

slavurad (a.u)

182

am saqmis mkeTeblebma zogierT maTganSi Seitanes TavianTi sakuTari

xasiaTi, riTac savsebiT gaanadgures saeklesio xasiaTi: maTSi ismis

samxedro musika, rogorc, magaliTad, sagalobelSi “akurTxevs suli

Cemi ufalsa”. ratom aris ase? imitom, rom gadatanas samxedro piri

xelmZRvanelobda, saero adamiani, romlis gemovneba antisaeklesio musikis

mixedviT Camoyalibda, da romelmac uneblied da bunebrivad Seitana

Tavisi elementi wmida saeklesio “znamenni raspevSi”.

“znamenni raspevi” xelSeuxebeli unda darCes: musikaTmcodneTa mier

misma warumatebelma gamravalxmovnebam es WeSmariteba udavod daamtkica.

nebismieri amgvari mcdelobisas misi xasiaTi uciloblad icvleba.

Zveleburi xati, Tundac rom xeluxeblad darCes naxati, axali

saRebavebiT ar unda gadaiRebos: es aris misi damaxinjeba. verc erTi

keTilgonieri adamiani, romelmac brwyinvaled icis ucxo enebi, ver

gabedavs maTematikuri wignebis Targmnas, Tu maTematika ar icis. ratom

ar unda misdion saeklesio galobaSi aseTsave keTilgonierebas im

musikaTmcodneebma, romlebic moklebulni arian eklesis makurTxevel

suls, romelic adamians RvTismosavi cxovrebisaTvis RmrTisagan eZleva.

es aris ara romelime kerZo pirovnebis mosazreba, aramed

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavleba. suliwmidisagan gveuwya, rom

RvTaebrivi sagalobeli SeuZlebelia igalobebodes “queyanasa ucxosa”

(fs. 136, 4). am galobisTvis uunaroa ara mxolod wuTisoflis Svili,

aramed is RvTismosavi qristianic, romelic vnebebis monobisagan ar

aris ganTavisuflebuli, romlis gulic jer ar aris Tavisufali da,

codvas damonebuli, jer am galobas ekuTvnis. am galobisaTvis aseve

uunaroa is, vinc qristianuli Rvawlis asparezze gamosuli, mTel

dRes WmunviT atarebs, anu jer kidev Tavisi codvis WvretaSia da,

masze motirals, jer kidev ar ugrZvnia sixarulis Sinagani xma, romelic

ismis wmindanTa sulier samkvidrebelSi. vis SeuZlia igalobos saRmrTo

sagalobeli? vis sulSi SeiZleba daibados igi marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis imedad da sixarulad?

183

gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. andreas fiTrakisi, “Cveni saeklesio poezia. misi ZiriTadi

fazebi”, aTenis universitetis saRvTismetyvelo fakultetis

yovelwliuri samecniero biuleteni #11, 1955-1956 w.

2. giorgi mTawmindelis anderZebi, jer 98, jer 110.3. giorgi papadopulosi, “bizantiuri saeklesio musikis

istoriuli mimoxilva mociqulTa droidan Cvens dromde”, 1-li

gamocema, aTeni, 1904w.

4. grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, “qarTuli proza”, wigni I.

5. dekanozi Teimuraz CaCibaia – saeklesioo wesi antifonuri

galobisaTvis, Tbilisi 2000 w.

6. d. maCabeli, “qarTvelTa zneobani”, galoba. XIX s-is I nax.

“ciskari” #5, 1864 w.

7. elene metreveli – Zlispirni da RvTismSoblisani, Tbilisi, 1971

w.

8. episkoposi dionisios l. fsarianosi, “bizantiuri musika berZnul

marTlmadidebel ekelsiaSi”, aTeni, 1960 w.

9. ivane javaxiSvili, qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi,

Tbilisi, 1938 w.

10. i. tabaRua, saq. evr. arq. da wignsac.

11. konstantine kavarnosi – bizantiuri sasuliero musika,

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis tradiciuli musika, misi arsi,

daniSnuleba da Sesruleba.

12. k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, t I, 1960.

13. p. v. pasxosi, “wm. ioane damaskelis dogmaturi

RvTismSoblisanebi”, aTenis universitetis saRvTismetyvelo

fakultetis yovelwliuri samecniero biuleteni #26, 1984 w.

14. À. Íèêîëüñêè - Êðàòêèé î÷åðê èñòîðèè öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ â ïåðèîäI-X âåêîâ, Î Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé), “ËÎÄÜßÌÎÑÊÂÀ” 2001 ã., ñ.27.

15. Âèçàíòèÿ è Âîñòî÷íàÿ Åâðîïà, Ëèòóðãè÷åñêèå è ìóçèêàëüíûåñâÿçè, Ãèìíîëîãèÿ, âûï. 4, Ì. 2003ã.

16. Â.È. Ìàðòûíîâ, Îïðåäåëåíèå ïîíÿòèÿ “Äðåâíåðóññêîåáîãîñëóæåáíîå ïåíèå”.

gamoyenebuli literatura

184

17.Åïèñêîï Íèêîäèì Ìèëàø - Òîëêîâàíèå 75-ãî ïðàâèëà VI–ãîÂñåëåíñêîãî Ñîáîðà, Î Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé), “ËÎÄÜßÌÎÑÊÂÀ” 2001 ã., ñ. 82.

18.È. Ãàðäíåð - Ïñàëìîäèà, Î Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé),“ËÎÄÜß ÌÎÑÊÂÀ” 2001 ã., ñþ 143

19.È. Ãàðäíåð – Õîðîâîå öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå è “òåàòðàëüíîñòü” â åãîèñïîëíåíèè, Î Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé), “ËÎÄÜßÌÎÑÊÂÀ” 2001 ã., ñ. 92.

20. “Èñòîðèÿ ðóññêîãî öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ” http://www.mediaterra.ru.21. Ê.Ñ. Êåêåëèäçå, Ãðóçèíñêàÿ âåðñèÿ àðàáñêîãî Æèòèÿ ñâ. Èîàííà

Äàìàñêèíà: Õðèñòèàíñêèé Âîñòîê, ò. III, âûï. II, 1914.22. Ê.Ðîçåíøèëüä, Èñòîðèÿ çàðóáåæíîé ìóçûêè, âûï. I , Ì. 1978 ã..23. Ìîíàõèíÿ Îëüãà – Ìóçèêàëüíàÿ Êóëüòóðà Âèçàíòèè, Ñðåòåíñêèé

ìîíàñòèðü, “Íîâàÿ êíèãà”, 1998 ã.24. Ï. Èîñåëèàíè, Äðåâíîñòè ã. Òáèëèñè.25. Ïðåîáðàæåíñêèé À. È.: Èçú ïåðâûõú ëåòú ïàðòåñíàãî ïåíèÿ â

Ìîñêâå. «ÌÑ», 1915, ¹3.26. Ïðîòîèåðåé Áîðèñ Íèêîëàåâ – “Çíàìåííûé ðàñïåâ . . . “, 1995 ã.

1) Àíòèöåðêîâíûå ñî÷èíåíèÿ (íåáîãîñëóæåáíûå). Íàðîäíî-ïåñåííûå è èíîñëàâíûå ìåëîäèè.

2) Íàðîäíî-ðåëèãèîçíûå ìåëîäèè áîãîñëóæåáíûõ ïåñíîïåíèé èàíòèöåðêîâíàÿ ñóùíîñò ýòèõ ìåëîäèé.

3) Ñâåòñêàÿ è ðåëèãèîçíàÿ ìóçûêà. Îáøåðåëèãèîçíàÿ è öåðêîâíàÿìóçûêàþ Ïðîòåñòàíòñëàÿ è ñåêòàíòñêàÿ ìóçûêà.

4) Âòîðæåíèå ãðåõîâíîãî ìèðà âî âíóòðåííþþ Æèçíü öåðêâè –ïåðâîïðè÷èíà íåñòðîåíèé â öåðêîâíîì ïåíèè.

27.Ïðîòîèåðåé È. Âîçíåñåíñêèé «Î âûñîêîì äîñòîèíñòâå èáëàãîòâîðíîì âëèÿíèè íà ëþäåé öåðêîâíîãî ïåíèÿ», Êèåâ, 1897 ã.

28.Ðàçóìîâñêèé Ä. Â. «Áîãîñëóæåáíîå ïåíèå Ïðàâîñëàâíîé Ãðåêî-Ðîññèñêîé Öåðêâè», Ì. 1886.

29.Ðàçóìîâñêèé Ä. Â., Öåðêîâíîå ïåíèå âú Ðîññèè, 1867 ã.30.Ñâÿòèòåëü Èîàíí Çëàòîóñò, Äëÿ ÷åãî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ïåíèå, Î

Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé), “ËÎÄÜß ÌÎÑÊÂÀ” 2001 ã.31. Ñâÿù. Âàëåðèé Ëóêèàíîâ – Äóõîâíàÿ êà÷åñòâåííîñòü îáùåñòâåííîé

ìîëèòâè, Î Öåðêîâíîì Ïåíèè (ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé), “ËÎÄÜß ÌÎÑÊÂÀ”2001 ã.

32.“Òåîðèÿ áîãîñëóæåáíîãî ïåíèÿ”, http://www.mediaterra.ru,33.ÏÑÀËÒÈÊÈÍÀ ËÈÒÓÐÃÈß, ñúñòàâèë Ìèíàñèé ï. Òîäîðîâ,

ÑÈÍÎÄÈÀËÜÍÎ.34.ÊÐÀÒÚÊ ÏÑÀËÒÈÊÈÅÍ ÂÚÇÊÐÅÑÍÈÊ, Îñìîãëàñíèê, îò Ìèíàñèé

ï. Òîäîðîâ, ÑÈÍÎÄÈÀËÜÍÎ ÈÇÄÀÒÅËÑÒÂÎ, ÑÎÔÈÀ – 1992 ã.

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35.Öåðêîâíî-Ïåâ÷åñêè Ñáîðíèê, ÷àñò ïúðâà – Êðàòúê îñìîãëàñíèê, ÏåòúðÄèíåâ, Ñîôèÿ 1999 ã.

36.Öåðêîâíî-Ïåâ÷åñêè Ñáîðíèê - Îáøèðåí Âúçêðåñòíèê, ñ ïîëèåëåè,âåëè÷àíèÿ, êàòàâàñèè è ïîäîáíè, îò Ïåòúð Äèíåâ, Ñîôèÿ 2000 ã.

37.Antwniou E. Alugizakh Dr.Q, Qemata Ekklhsiastikhj Mousikhj,Qessalonikh 1991.

38.Qeodwrou Fwkaewj – Krhpij tou qewrhtikou Praktikou thjEkklhsiastikhj Mousikhj, en Aqhnaij, 1902.

39.Iwannou D. Margaziwth, Qewrhtiko, Buzantinhj EkklhsiastikhjMousikhj.

40.Iwannou D. Margaziwth, Melwdikej askhseij, BuzantinhjEkklhsiastikhj Mousikhj.

41.Mpoukoubalaj Iwannhj - Susthmatikh Tacurruqmh MeqodojEkklhsiastikhj Buz. Mousikhj, EKDOSEIS “”TO IEROANALOGIO””.

42.Byzantine Music, The modal structure of the 11 Eothina Anastassima ascribed tothe Empreror Leo (+912), A musicological studi by Dr. Solomon J. Hadjisolomos,The Holy Monastery of Kykko, Nicosia-Cyprus 1986.

43.Gregorios Th. Stathis, An Analisis of the Sticheron, Studies in stern Chant, GeneralEditors Egon Wellesz and Milos Velimirovic.

44.David J. Melling, Reading Psalmodia, Part I, Part II, Part III;45.Eerwin Koschmieder, “ Die altesten Novgoroder Hirmologien-Fragmente”, Zweite

Lieferung, Munchen, 1955.46.Intonation formulas and signatures in Byzantine musical MSS, Copenhagen, 1966.47.M. Velimirovic, “Byzantine Elements in Earli Slavic Chant: The Hirmologion, v.

IV, Copenhagen, 1960.48.P. Peeters, Le trefonds oriental de I’hagiographie byzantine, Bruxells, 1950.49.Thibaut J. B., “La musique bizantine . . .”, Tribune de St. –Gervais, Paris,

1904, maj-juin.

186

s a r C e v i:s a r C e v i:s a r C e v i:s a r C e v i:s a r C e v i:

avtoris Sesaxeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

winasityvaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Tavi I. raTa Cvenc msgavsad vigaloboT

1. “galoba� warTqves” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2. angelosTa galobas mimsgavsebuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3. bizantiuri Tu berZnuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4. rva xmaTa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5. mexeleni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

6. dasavleTis eklesiaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

7. ruseTis eklesiaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

8. “gamomxatveli saRmrToTa sagalobelTa,

mimogragnili kanoniers kilozed” Tu “mqoni

friad sasiamovnosa kacobrivTa zeda”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

9. melodiuri Tu harmoniuli? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

10. tipikoniT Tu utipikonod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

11. kacobrivi sibrZnis safrTxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

12. ori stiqiis erTianoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

13. Tayvans vscemT RvTismSoblis samxelianad wodebul

saswaulmoqmed xats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

14. niSnad ukvdavebisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Tavi II. saeklesio galoba: arsi, daniSnuleba, jgufebi,

saxeebi, formebi, tipikonTan Sesabamisoba

1. Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2. “rvaxmaTa” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

3. daniSnuleba – sityvis Tanafardi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4. sagalobelTa jgufebi, saxeebi, formebi, Sesrulebis xerxebi . . 47

4.1. sityvis Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebuli sagaloblebi . . . 47

4.1.1. dogmaturi xasiaTis sagaloblebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.1.2. TxrobiT-istoriuli xasiaTis sagaloblebi . . . . . . . . 48

4.1.3. zneobriv-didaqtkikuri xasiaTis sagaloblebi . . . . . . . 48

4.1.4. WvretiTi xasiaTis sagaloblebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

4.1.5. mcirericxovani sagaloblebi, romlebic

liturgiuli moqmedebebis Tanxmlebni arian . . . . . . . . . 49

4.1.6. mkafiod gamoxatuli sadidebeli (doqsologiuri) da

locviTi (evqologiuri) xasiaTis himni-sagaloblebi . . . 50

sarCevi

187

4.2 musikaluri niSnis mixedviT dajgufebuli sagaloblebi . . . 50

TviTxmovani (idiomeloni) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

saTviTxmovno, igive TviTsamsgavso (automeloni) . . . . . . . 51

msgavsi (prosomiosi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Zlispiri (irmosi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

swrafi (sindomosi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

neli (argosindomosi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Zalian neli (argosi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Zlispiris saxis (irmologiuri) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

dasdeblis tipis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

gamSvenebuli (papadikuri, anu samRvdelo) . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

diastaltikuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

sistaltikuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

isixastikuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

4.3. saRvTismsaxuro galobis Sesrulebis saxeebi . . . . . . . . . . 53

4.3.1. musikaluri elementis gradaciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

4.3.2. Sesrulebis ZiriTadi saxeebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

4.3.3. gunduri Sesruleba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

1. antifonuri saxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

2. epifonuri an ipofonuri saxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3. responsoruli saxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

4. kananarxi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

5. himnuri galobis saxe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

4.4. sagalobelTaYsaxeobebi, maTi dasaxelebebi da formebi . . . . 58

1. dasdebeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

2. tropari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

3. kanoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

4. kondaki da masTan dakavSirebuli ikosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

5. daujdomeli (akaTisto) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

6. ipako . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

7. aRsavali (antifoni) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

8. wargoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

9. aliluiari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

10. dasafarebi (katavasia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

11. ganmanaTlebeli (eqsapostelarioni) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

12. ganicadeni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

4.5. miTiTebebi tipikonSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

damateba 1. eklesiis kanonikuri erTianobis mniSvneloba . . . . . . 80

damateba 2. dedani da TargmaniTavi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

188

Tavi III. saeklesio kanonikuri xmebis struqtura,

elementebi da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi

1. bizantiuri saeklesio musikis elementebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

1.1. Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

1.2. bizantiuri galobis xmebi da kiloebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

1.2.1. bgerebi, gamebi da intervalebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

1.2.2. xmis zogadi daxasiaTeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

1.2.3. xmis elementebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

2. damateba: sxva elementebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

2.1. sagaloblis Semadgeneli nawilebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

2.2. musikaluri sistemebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

2.3. gadaxrebi da gadaxris muxlebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

2.4. izokratima (isoni) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

2.5. xmis muxlebi da xmis hangis ritmi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Tavi IV.Bbizantiuri galobis notaciis sistema

da niSnebi (nevmebi)

1. Sesavali: notaciis niSnebis ganviTarebis periodizacia . . . . . 100

2. notaciis niSnebi (nevmebi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

2.1. fonetikuri niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

2.2. uxmo niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

2.3. drois niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

2.4. xarisxis maxasiaTeblebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

2.4.1 tonaluri niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

2.4.2 mosarTavi niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

2.5. fonetikur niSanTa gamoyenebis ramdenime wesi . . . . . . . . . 113

2.6. sxva niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

2.6.1. bgeraTa martiriebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

2.6.2. fTorebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

2.6.3. alteraciis niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

2.64. ritmi da tempi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

3. musikaluri sistemebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

3.1 oqtaqorduli sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

3.2 pentaqorduli sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

3.3 tetraqorduli sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

3.4 triqorduli sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Tavi V. rvaxmaTas kanonikuri xmebi

1 . k a nonikuri xm e b is aRwera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 1 . 1 . x m a pirveli , a nu xm a a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 1.2. xma meore, anu xma b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 1.3. mesame xma, anu xma g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 1.4. meoTxe xma, anu xma d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

189

1.5. mexuTe xma, anu xma e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 1.6. xma meeqvse, anu xma v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 1.7. meSvide (dabali) xma, anu xma z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

1.8. merve xma, anu xma � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

2. kanonikuri xmebis martiriebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

2.1. diatonuri gvaris xmebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

2.2. qromatuli gvaris xmebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

2.3. enharmoniuli gvaris xmebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

2.4. Sereuli xmebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

3. damateba: bgeraTa miziduloba

Tavi VI. wm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba . . . 164

wm. ioane damaskelis cxovreba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

damaskelis poeturi da samgaloblo Semoqmedeba . . . . . . . . . . 169

Tavi VII. Targmanebi

beri paisi (mTawmideli): “adamianebi isev Zvels daubrundebian” 174

wm. egnate brianCaninovi: ganxeTqilebisa da eresis Sesaxeb,

amonaridi samgaloblo xelovnebasa da xatweraze . . . . . . . . . 182

Saeklesio galobisaTvis · ramdenime speqtakli, aseve sxva speqtaklebi sxva scenebze. 1993-1996...

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Transcript of Saeklesio galobisaTvis · ramdenime speqtakli, aseve sxva speqtaklebi sxva scenebze. 1993-1996...