mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebi - momxmarebeli.gemomxmarebeli.ge/images/file_033319.pdf ·...

mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebi

erovnuli samoqmedo gegma

2007-2022 ww. saqarTvelo

Tbilisi 2006

erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis momzadeba Mmdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb stokholmis konvenciis Sesasruleblad

2

Sinaarsi abstraqti ………………………………………………………………………………… ...5

1.0 Sesavali ……………………………………………………………………………...10

2.0 arsebuli mdgomareoba ……………………………………….……………….....11

2.1 qveynis zogadi mimoxilva …………………………….………………..….11

2.1.1 geografia da mosaxleoba……..………………………………………11

2.1.2 mTavroba da politika ………………………………………..…12

2.1.3 ekonomikuri da politikuri profili ……………………..…13

2.1.4 garemo …………………………..………………………………………..16

2.2 politika, kanonmdebloba da institutebi ……...……………..……... 18

2.2.1 erovnuli sakanonmdeblo CarCoebi …………...………….….. ..18

2.2.1.1 pesticidebi …………………..……………………………………………19

2.2.1.2 sawarmoo da samomxmareblo qimiuri nivTierebebi …..19

2.2.1.3 narCenebi …...……………………………………………………. 20

2.2.1.4 mdgradi organuli dambinZureblebi …..…………….… 20

2.2.2 instituciuri struqtura ………………………………….. ….. .20

2.3 arsebuli mdgomareoba mod-ebTan mimarTebaSi …………….. ………21

2.3.1 mod-pesticidebi …………………...…………………………………21

2.3.1.1 pesticidebis gamoyenebis mimarTulebebi …..….………... 21 2.3.1.2 pesticidebis amJamindeli gamoyeneba ……...……….. ….................. 22

2.3.1.3 vadagasuli da moZvelebuli pesticidebis narCenebi ..23

2.3.1.4 iaRlujis samarxi ……………………………………... 27

2.3.2 Tanauri produqtebi (dioqsinebi da furanebi) ……………. 28

2.3.3 pqb (poliqlorirebuli bifenilebi) ……….……………….... 31

2.3.3.1 transformatorebi ……..…………………………………….. 31

2.3.3.2 kondensatorebi ……………………………………………….. 34

2.3.3.3 wredis amomrTvelebi ………………………………………...34

2.3.4 mod-ebiT dabinZurebuli da potenciurad dabinZurebuli

3

wertilebi ………………………………………………………...….. 35

2.4 mod-ebTan dakavSirebuli institutebis SesaZleblobebi …..….. 36

2.4.1 mod-ebis monitoringis sqemebi da maTi dRevandeli

funqcionireba ……………………………………………………………...36

2.4.2 mod-ebis monitoringisa da laboratoriuli analizis dRes arsebuli SesaZleblobebis Sefaseba ……………………...38

2.5 sazogadoebis gacnobiereba, informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da gavrceleba …………………………………………………………………..……42

2.5.1 sazogadoebis gacnobiereba …………………………………...42

2.5.2 informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da gavrceleba ……….45

3.0 erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis miznebi da prioritetebi ….………………...46

3.1 erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis miznebi …………….…………………..46

3.2 erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis prioritetebi ……….…………….. ..46

4.0 samoqmedo programa ………………………………………………………………... 48

samoqmedo gegma 1: sakanonmdeblo bazisa da instituciuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba………………………………………………………….…. 49

samoqmedo gegma 2: treiningi da kanonmdeblobis aRsrulebis SesaZleblobebis zrda ………………………………………………..………………...52

samoqmedo gegma 3: mod-pesticidebi: importi, gamoyeneba da narCenebis ganadgureba ……………………………………………………..……………………………...54

samoqmedo gegma 4 poliqlorirebuli bifenilebi …………………….……….59

samoqmedo gegma 5: Tanauri produqtebis gamofrqvevebis Semcireba ………63

samoqmedo gegma 6: informaciis gavrceleba da ZiriTadi socialuri jgufebis CarTva …………………………………………………………………………...66

samoqmedo gegma 7: mod-ebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis, codnisa da informaciis donis amaRleba …..………………………..……………….....……..69

samoqmedo gegma 8: mod-ebiT dabinZurebuli wertilebis idendifikacia da menejmenti …………………………………………………………….…………………….. 73

samoqmedo gegma 9: monitoringis sistemis Seqmna ………..…...…………………77

samoqmedo gegma 10: kvleva …….………………………………………………………. 81

4

aneqsebi ….……………………………………………………………………………………83

aneqsi I. mod-pesticidebis Semcveloba saqarTveloSi aRebul sinjebSi ...83

aneqsi II. pqb analizis Sedegebi transformatoris zeTis nimuSebSi ...…...88

aneqsi III. mod-ebiT niadagis dabinZurebis analizi ……….…………………..89

aneqsi IV. rukebi, diagramebi ……………………………………………………….....90

5

abstraqti

“erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis momzadeba Mmdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb stokholmis konvenciis Sesasruleblad” proeqtis inventarizaciis faza ramdenime komponentad daiyo, romlebic erTmaneTTan mWidro TanamSromlobis reJimSi mimdinareobda. am komponentebis Sedegebi mokled aris Sejamebuli qvemoT.

pesticidebi

pesticidebis inventarizacia saqarTveloSi 2004-2005 wlebSi Catarda FAO-s meTodologiis Sesabamisad. inventarizacia iTvaliswinebda moZvelebuli da vadagasuli pesticidebis sawyobebis Sesaxeb informaciis mokrebas, aseve am qimikatebis raodenobebis, savaWro saxelwodebebis, qimiuri Semadgenlobebis, saidentifikacio kodebis, SefuTvisa da mwarmoeblis dadgenas, iseve rogorc potenciurad dabinZurebuli teritoriis vizualur Sefasebas.

inventarizebul iqna vadagasuli da xmarebisTvis uvargisi pesticidebis 214 obieqti, aqedan narCenebi aRmoCenilia 46 obieqtze. sul aRmoCenilia 3057 tona narCeni qimikati, maT Soris iaRlujis Sxamqimikatebis poligonze ganTavsebulia 2700 t, xolo qveynis danarCen yofil sasawyobo meurneobebSi _ 357 t.

inventarizaciiT gamovlinda, rom sasawyobo meurneobebis umetesi nawili amortizirebuli da dangreulia, zogierTi maTgani ki mTlianad dangreuli da samSeneblo masalad gatanili. pesticidebi xSir SemTxvevaSi Ria cis qveS aris dayrili da erTmaneTSi areuli, umetes SemTxvevaSi ar gaaCnia SefuTva. atmosferuli naleqebiT xdeba maTi Carecxva da moxvedra niadagSi. arsebuli mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda maTi qimiuri jgufebis mixedviT klasificireba da Sedgenilobis gansazRvra. aqedan gamomdinare, aRebuli iqna sinjebi laboratoriuli analizisTvis, raTa gansazRvreuliyo am pesticidebSi mod-ebis Semcveloba.

mTlianobaSi aRebulia 71 ucnobi qimikatis da 11 niadagis sinji mod-ebis Semcvelobaze. labortoriuli analizis Sedegad dadginda, rom: 71 ucnobi qimikatis sinjidan 47_Si da 11-ive niadagis sinjSi aRmoCnda mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebi.

analizis Sedegebi I aneqsSia mocemuli. am Sedegebis eqstrapolaciiT dadginda, rom savaraudod, pesticidebis mTliani raodenobis 66% mod-ebis Semcvelia. es ki niSnavs, rom regionebis sasawyobo meurneobebSi daaxloebiT 235 tona mod-ebis Semcveli pesticidia dagrovili.

Tanauri produqtebi (dioqsinebi da furanebi)

dioqsinebisa da furanebis inventarizacia UNEP-is saxelmZRvanelo meTodologiis Sesabamisad Catarda da asaxa1990-2004 wlebis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi. es iyo pirveli mcdeloba saqarTveloSi furanebisa da dioqsinebis gamofrqvevebis Sefasebisa.

6

gamofrqvevebis wyaroebis Sesaxeb informacia mopovebul-iqna oficialuri statistikuri monacemebidan da warmoebis wertilovani wyaroebis gamokiTxvebidan. kiTxvarebi darigda 379 sawarmosa da sxva erTeulSi. pasuxebi am kiTxvarebze samwuxarod Zalian susti aRmoCnda. warmoebis wertilovani wyaroebis kvleva kvlavac ferxdeba ekonomikur da sawarmoo saqmianobaSi mimdinare gardaqmnebiT. bevri sawarmo amjerad gaCerebulia da mxolod maTi mcire nawili funqcionirebs. Tumca es dioqsinebis gamofrqvevis Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT pozitiur movlenad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, samagierod Zalze cotaa cnobili gamofrqvevebis potencialis Sesaxeb. gamofrqvevis es potenciali SesaZloa realizebuli iqnes sawarmoebis funqcionirebis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi.

2004 wlisaTvis dioqsin-furanebis gamofrqvevebis TiTqmis 80% me-6 kategoriis wyaroze modis – ukontrolo wvis procesebze (nagavsayrelebze narCenebis ukontrolo/spontanuri wva da tyis xanZrebi), xolo am kategoriis udides nawils nagavsayrelebze narCenebis ukontrolo/spontanuri wva Seadgens. meore adgilzea me-9 kategoriis wyaro – narCenebis gadamuSaveba (8.64% anu 8.295g teq.), xolo mesame adgili ekuTnis me-3 kategorias – energiis warmoeba da gaTboba (8.08% anu 7.764 g teq.). am sami wyaros mTliani wili (95.6% anu 91.806 g teq.) maT prioritetuli mniSvnelobis seqtorebad aqcevs.

saqarTveloSi dioqsin-furanebis gamofrqvevebis teritoriuli ganawileba aseTia: gamofrqvevebis 50% Tbilisze modis; meore udidesi dambinZurebelia qvemo qarTli (25.7%), xolo amis Semdeg imereTi (8.3%), aWara (7.4%), Sida qarTli (3.1%) da kaxeTi (2.5%). danarCeni teritoriebis wili umniSvneloa.

mTliani gamofrqveva, rac daaxloebiT weliwadSi 100 g I-teq-s udris haerSi da 120-170 g I-teq-s mTlianad garemoSi, sakmaod maRlad CaiTvleba qveynis masStabisa da mosaxleobis raodenobis, iseve rogorc klimaturi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

gamofrqvevebis udidesi wili or ZiriTad wyaroze modis: pirvel rigSi, cudad mowyobil da marTul nagavsayrelebze, sadac xSiri (ufro sworad ki semi-permanentuli) saxe aqvs cecxliT wvas da meore – ukontrolo wva iseT adgilebSi, sadac narCenebis centralizebuli wesiT Segroveba ar xdeba, anda mouwesrigebelia. am wyaroebidan dioqsinebis gamofrqvevebis maCveneblebi metwilad navaraudevia, radgan Zalze uxeS gamoTvlebs efuZneba rogorc narCenebis raodenobebTan, ise am narCenebis ukontrolod damwvar wilebTan mimarTebaSi. Tu ZiriTad daSvebebs ar daveTanxmebiT, gamofrqvevebis gacilebiT naklebi raodenoba, gamoTvlilis naxevaric ki SeiZleba vivaraudoT.

aRniSnuli ar cvlis narCenebis marTvis rekomendebul RonisZiebebs. narCenebis ukontrolo wva sxvadasxva saxis riskisa da problemebis mizezia da am problemebis gadaWris saukeTeso gza – narCenebis swori marTvaa. dioqsinebis gamofrqvevebs sagrZnoblad Seamcirebs qveyanaSi narCenebis swori marTvis sistemis dafuZneba.

7

poliqlorirebuli bifenilebi (pqb)

saqarTveloSi pqb-ebis inventarizacia miznad isaxavda potenciurad pqb-s Semcveli danadgarebisa da narCenebis registracias, maTi mflobelebisa da zusti adgilmdebareobis dadgenas. inventarizaciis gansaxorcieleblad gamoyenebuli iyo UNEP-is meTodolgiiT gansazRvruli saxelmZRvanelo masalebi da kriteriumebi. monacemebi Segrovda 14 regionuli jgufis mier, romlebmac asaxes qveynis masStabiT pqb-ebis potenciurad Semcveli danadgarebis didi nawili.

transformatorebze monacemebis Segroveba ganxorcielda 2,130 kompaniasa da dawesebulebaSi, romlebic moicavda rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo da municipalur seqtorebis iseT dargebs, rogoricaa energetika, metalurgia, qimia da navTob-qimia, transporti, soflis meurneoba da kveba, xe-tyis gadamuSaveba. inventarizacia ganxorcielda rogorc didi simZlavris transformatorebis (35, 110, 220 da 500kv) regionul qvesadgurebSi, ise gamanawilebel qselsa da mcire simZlavris transformatorebze (6 da 10kv).

kvleva moicavda afxazeTisa da samaCablos garda saqarTvelos yvela regions. gamoTvlebis mixedviT, Segrovili monacemebi pqb-s SesaZlo Semcveli transformatorebis daaxloebiT 80%-s warmoadgens.

pqb-s Semcvelobis dasadgenad gamoyenebuli iyo analizuri meTodebi: xarisxobrivi eqspres analizi da raodenobrivi gaz-qromatografiuli meTodi. TiToeulma regionulma warmomadgenlobam asobiT saeWvo zeTis nimuSi Seamowma pqb-s Semcvelobaze Chlor-N-Oil-is swrafi testebis meSveobiT. sul Semowmebuli 203 sinjidan 44-ma uCvena 50 ppm-ze meti pqb-s Semcveloba. yvela, 44 sinji gadaeca laboratorias raodenobrivi analizisTvis da TiToeul maTganSi 120-dan 1000 ppm-mde pqb dabinZureba aRmoCnda2. pqb-s maRali Semcveloba ZiriTadad saSualo da mcire zomis transformatorebSi dafiqsirda.

Segrovili monacemebi Seyvanilia eleqtronul monacemTa bazaSi, romelic pqb-s Semcveli TiToeuli danadgaris tipsa da monacemebs aRwers. es monacemebi Tavmoyrilia cxril 6-Si da ilustrirebulia aneqs 4-Si mocemul diagramaze.

Segrovili monacemebis gadamuSavebisa da gaanalizebis Sedegad Semdegi daskvnebis gamotana SeiZleba:

sul pqb-s Semcveli 216 transformatori iqna gamovlenili. aqedan 48 ukve aRar aris xmarebaSi. am transformatorebSi sul savaraudod 632 tona pqb-Semcveli zeTia, xolo danadgarebis mTliani mas daaxloebiT 2,00 tonas udris. aRmoCenilia agreTve 50kg dasawyobebuli sufTa pqb-zeTi.

qimiuri analizebis eqstrapolaciiT gamoTvlilia, rom arsebuli mcire da saSualo zomis transformatorebis 20-25%, rac sul daaxloebiT 2,000 danadgars niSnavs, pqb-dabinZurebulia. pqb-dabinZurebuli zeTebis mTliani raodenoba daaxloebiT 1,200 tonas utoldeba, xolomaTiT dabinZurebuli danadgarebis masa – daaxloebiT 4,300 tonas.

8

kondensatorebis monacemTa baza naklebad srulyofilia vidre transformatorebisa, amitomac SasaZlo miaxloebebi naklebad zustia. Tumca, gamoTvlilia, rom ukve aRricxulia saqarTveloSi arsebuli kondensatorebis 15-20%. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom pqb-Semcveli kondensatorebi ZiriTadad mZime mrewvelobaSi gvxvdeba, rac sakmaod kargad iqna gamokvleuli sawyisi inventarizaciiT, qveyanaSi pqb-Semcveli kondensatorebis raodenobis SesaZlod zusti miaxloebaa 8,000-10,000. es ki niSnavs daaxloebiT 200 tona pqb-zeTsa da kondensatorebis mTlian masas – 600 tonas.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom saerTaSoriso kvlevebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi gamoyenebuli kondensatorebis zogierTi tipi, romlebic TiTqosda mineralur zeTebs Seicavs, SesaZloa mcire koncentraciiT, magram mniSvnelovani raodenobiT pqb-ebsac Seicavdes. momdevno kvlevam unda uCvenos aseTi kondensatorebis pqb-T Sevsebul kondensatorebTan erTad gadamuSavebis aucilebloba.

9

informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da gavrceleba aRwerili proeqtis ganxorcielebamde saqarTveloSi momxmareblisTvis xelmisawvdomi informaciuli sistema mod-ebis Sesaxeb ar arsebobda. am mdgomareobis gamosworebis mizniT proeqtis farglebSi Seiqmna mod-ebis monacemTa baza, romelic inventarizaciis ganmavlobaSi mokrebili informaciisa da monacemebisgan Sedgeba. amas garda, Seiqmna geoinformaciuli sistemebis (gis) ramdenime Tematuri ruka, romlebic, monacemTa bazasTan erTad, saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros veb-gverdze unda ganTavsdes, iseve rogorc bazis Semqmneli arasamTavrobo organizaciis – grid-Tbilisis veb-gverdze. monacemTa baza daculi iqneba da periodulad ganaxldeba garemos dacvis saministros mier. bazaSi monacemebis Seyvana da ganaxlebis operaciebi kodiT aris daculi (baza damontaJebulia garemos dacvis saministros garemos integrirebuli marTvis departamentis narCenebisa da qimiuri nivTierebebis marTvis ganyofilebis or kompiuterze). es sistema saSualebas aZlevs momxmarebels, monacemebi moiZios mod-ebis tipebis, wyaroebis an administraciuli erTeulebis mixedviT. Seqmnili gis-rukebi moicavs Semdeg Tematur rukebs (aramarto):

♦ pqb-ebis wyaroebis adgilmdebareoba; ♦ dioqsin/furanebis wyaroebis adgilmdebareoba; ♦ pesticidebis sawyobebis adgilmdebareoba; ♦ pqb-ebiT da/an pesticidebiT dabinZurebuli adgilebi; ♦ pqb-ebis raodenobebis sivrciTi ganawileba qveyanaSi.

10

1.0 Sesavali

F

mdgradi organuli dambinZureblebi (mod) – halogen-Semcveli kancerogenuli, toqsikuri da mutagenuri nivTierebebia, romlebic wyalsa da haerSi did manZilze gadaadgilebian da akumulirdebian niadagsa Tu wylis ekosistemebSi. mod-ebi moicavan uwin Zalze farTod gamoyenebul qlorSemcvel organul pesticidebsa da sawarmoo qimikatebs. amas garda, mod-ebi SesaZloa warmoiqmnan rogorc wvis an sawarmoo procesebis Tanauri produqtebi.

stokholmis konvencia mdgradi organuli dambinZureblebis Sesaxeb safuZvels uyris mod-ebis saerTaSoriso regulirebas. saqarTvelom xeli moawera stokholmis konvencias 2003 wlis 23 maiss da saqarTvelos parlamentma konvenciis ratificireba maxdina 2006 wlis 11 aprils. stokholmis konvenciis mizania, miiRos zomebi mod-ebis pirdapiri da iribi gziT warmoebisa da moxmarebis, iseve rogorc arsebuli sawyobebisa da narCenebidan maTi gamofrqvevis Semcirebis an sruli aRkveTisaTvis.

2003 wels saqarTveloSi SemuSavda da damtkicda programa “erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis momzadeba Mmdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb stokholmis konvenciis Sesasruleblad”. programa dafinansebulia globaluri ekologiuri fondis (GEF-is) mier. aRmasrulebeli saagentoa gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programa (UNDP) da proeqti xorcieldeba saqarTvelos saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros mier.

proeqtis ZiriTadi mizani iyo saqarTveloSi stokholmis konvenciis moTxovnaTa Sesasruleblad mdgradi SesaZleblobebis Seqmna-ganviTareba. proeqti moicavs saqarTveloSi mod-ebis inventarizacias, sazogadoebis informirebas mod-ebis problematikis Sesaxeb da mod-ebis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis momzadebas. erovnuli samoqmedo gegma unda aRwerdes Tu rogor Seasrulebs saqarTvelo stokholmis konvenciis winaSe nakisr valdebulebebs mod-ebis wyaroebis dafiqsirebis, mod-ebis gamofrqvevebis Semcirebisa da maTiT dabinZurebuli adgilebis sworad marTvis mizniT.

11

2.0 arsebuli mdgomareoba

2.1 zogadi situacia

saqarTvelos respublika daarsda 1918 wlis 26 maiss. 1921-1991 wlebis ganmavlobaSi qveyana sabWoTa kavSiris nawils warmoadgenda. 1991 wels, ssrk-s daSlis Semdeg, saqarTvelom dakarguli damoukidebloba aRidgina. 1995 wels miRebuli axali konstituciis mixedviT, saqarTvelo demokratiul qveyanas warmoadgens, romelsac hyavs prezidenti da erTpalatiani parlamenti.

2.1.1 geografia da mosaxleoba

saqarTvelos kavkasiis regionSi, Savi zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, daaxloebiT 69 875 kvadratuli kilometri ukavia. is sami kavkasiuri qveynidan erT-erTia da ganTavsebulia 41°- 47° aRmosavleT ganedebsa da 41°- 44° CrdiloeT grZedebs Soris.

CrdiloeTiT saqarTvelos 723 kilometriani sazRvar aqvs ruseTTan, kerZod ki CrdiloeT kavkasiis federalur mxaresTan. dasavleTidan aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT saqarTvelos Semdgomi federaluri respublikebi da mxareebi esazRvreba: krasnodaris mxare, yaraCai-CerqezeTi, yabardo-balyareTi, Crdilo oseTi-alania, inguSeTi, CeCneTi da daRestani. saqarTvelos samxreT-aRmosavleTiT azerbaijani esazRvreba (322km), samxreTiT – somxeTi (164km) da samxreT-dasavleTiT – TurqeTi (252km).

saqarTvelos topografia Zalze mravalferovania: CrdiloeT da aRmosavleT regionebSi didi da mcire kavkasiis qedebi dominirebs. mTis xeobebidan Savi da kaspiis zRvisken mravali mdinare miedineba. qveynis dasavleT regionSi, Savi zRvis sanapiroze viwro dablobia gadaWimuli.

saqarTvelos geografiis dominanti maxasiaTebeli – mTebia. lixis qedi qveyanas aRmosavleT da dasavleT nawilebad hyofs. istoriulad qveynis dasavleTi nawili kolxeTis saxeliT aris cnobili, xolo aRmosavleT nawils iberia erqva. rTuli geografiuli mdebareobis gamo qveynis CrdiloeTiT mdebare svaneTis regionic qveynis danarCeni nawilisgan mTebiT aris gamoyofili.

saqarTvelos ruseTis federaciis Crdilo-kavkasiuri respublikebidan didi kavkasiis mTiani qedi hyofs.

saqarTvelos udidesi mdinareebia mtkvari, alazani da rioni.

qveynis landSafti Zalze mravalferovania. dasavleT saqarTvelos landSafti cvalebadobs Waobian-tyiani dablobebidan da naxevrad-tropikuli tyeebidan mudmivad Tovlian-yinulian mwvervalebamde, xolo qveynis aRmosavleTi nawili moicavs mcire naxevrad-udabnosac ki, rac Cveulebrivad centraluri aziis maxasiaTebelia. saqarTvelos teritoriis daaxloebiT 40% tyeebs ukavia, xolo daaxloebiT 10% – alpur da sub-alpur zonas.

saqarTvelos klimatic, Sesabamisad, ukiduresad cvalebadia qveynis mcire zomas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT. aq sul ori klimaturi zonaa,

12

romlebic mkveTrad gamoyofs erTmaneTisgan qveynis aRmosavleT da dasavleT nawilebs. didi kavkasionis qedi saqarTvelos klimatis darbilebas uwyobs xels da icavs qveyanas CrdiloeTis mxridan civi haeris masebis SemoWrisagan. mcire kavkasionis qedi ki regions nawilobriv icavs samxreTidan gadmoadgilebuli cxeli da mSrali haeris masebisgan.

dasavleT saqarTvelos umetesi nawili tenian subtropikul zonaSia, sadac wliuri naleqi 1000-4000mm cvalebadobs. naleqi TiTqmis Tanabrad aris ganawilebuli wlis ganmavlobaSi, Tumca Semodgomis Tveebi xSirad gansakuTrebiT naleqiania.

aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo teniani subtropikulidan kontinenturamde gardamavali klimatiT xasiaTdeba. wliuri naleqi gacilebiT naklebia vidre dasavleT saqarTveloSi da 400-1600mm cvalebadobs. gazafxuli da Semodgoma yvelaze meti naleqiT gamoirCeva, zamTris da zafxulis Tveebi ki gacilebiT ufro mSralia. regionebSi, romlebic zRvis donidan 2000 metrze da ufro maRla mdebareoben, xSiria yinva zafxulis TveebSic ki.

saqarTvelos mosaxleoba 2001 wlis ianvris monacemebiT 4.4 milions sWarbobs. qveynis udidesi qalaqebia: Tbilisi 1,066,000 (farTobi 1,270,800), quTaisi 183,000 da baTumi 117,000.

2.1.2 mTavroba da politika

saqarTvelos respublika 1918 wlis 26 maiss daarsda. 1921-1991 wlebis ganmavlobaSi qveyana sabWoTa kavSiris nawils warmoadgenda. 1991 wels, ssrk-s daSlis Semdeg, saqarTvelom dakarguli damoukidebloba aRidgina. saqarTvelo demokratiuli respublikaa 1990 wlis 28 oqtombers catarebuli pirveli mravalpartiuli demokratiuli saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg. 1995 wels miRebuli axali konstituciis mixedviT, saqarTvelo demokratiul qveyanas warmoadgens, romelsac hyavs prezidenti da erTpalatiani parlamenti.

dRes saqarTvelo mravalpartiuli warmomadgenlobiTi demokratiuli respublikaa, romelsac marTavs xuTwliani vadiT arCeuli prezidenti. prezidenti niSnavs pemier-ministrs, xolo misi konstituciuri Semcvlelia parlamentis Tavmjdomare.

aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas saqarTveloSi mTavroba flobs. federalur sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas ki mTavroba da parlamenti erTad warmoadgens. 4 wlis vadiT arCeul saqarTvelos parlaments 235 wevri hyavs: 150 maTgani proporciuli sistemiT aris arCeuli, 75 – maJoritari deputatia, xolo 10 – afxazeTis separatistuli regionis warmomadgenlebis Semcvleli piria.

saqarTvelos hyavs umaRlesi sasamarTlo, romlis mosamarTleebsac prezidentis rekomendaciiT irCevs parlamenti. qveyanaSi arsebobs sakonstitucio sasamarTloc.

saqarTvelos respublika sakmaod centralizebuli qveyanaa, Tu ar CavTvliT afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis regionebs, romlebsac, qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis Semdeg, avtonomiis statusi

13

mieniWebaT. sabWoTa epoqaSi am regionebs saqarTvelos ssr-s farglebSi avtonomiuri statusi hqondaT miniWebuli.

istoriulad saqarTvelo 14 regionad iyo dayofili, romlebic amjerad did administraciul erTeulebs warmoadgenen da Tavis mxriv dayofili arian 53 raionad, 11 qalaqad da avtonomiur respublikad.

saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi monawileoba

saqarTvelos aqtiuri politika aqvs sagareo urTierTobebis TvalsazrisiT da is amjerad Semdegi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis wevria: evrosabWo, BSEC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, GUUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Inmarsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, saerTaSoriso savaWro palata, saerTaSoriso kriminaluri sasamarTlo (ICC), saerTaSoriso sazRvaosno organizacia.

2.1.3 ekonomikuri da politikuri profili

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mimaTulebebi

statistikis departamentis pirveladi monacemebiT, 2004 wels saqarTveloSi GDP 9800.0 milion lars (5148.8 milion US$) udrida, anu erT sul mosaxleze – 2160.8 lars (1135.3 US$). GDP-s realurma wliurma zrdam 8.4% Seadgina. GDP-s zrdaSi ZiriTadi wvlili tradiciulad mSeneblobis, warmoebis, transportisa da komunikaciis seqtorebma Seitanes. zrdis uaryofiTi tempi dafiqsirda soflis meurneobaSi.

ekonomikuri zrdis ZiriTadi gamwevi Zala baqo-sufsa-jeihanis (BTC) navTobsadenis mSenebloba iyo, romelmac kapiisa da xmelTaSua zRvis regionebi saqarTvelos teritoriis gavliT unda SeaerTos. am proeqtma dadebiTi gavlena iqonia saqarTveloSi mSeneblobisa da momsaxurebis seqtorebis ganviTarebaze. BTC-s proeqtma bevri adamiani daasaqma kidec, ramac sagrZnoblad gazarda mosaxleobis Semosavali da gazarda adgilobrivi bazris moTxovnac.

sagadasaxado kanonmorCilebisaTvis gatarebulma RonisZiebebma gazarda moTxovnileba saqarTveloSi erovnul valutaze, ramac gaamyara laris kursi. amis wyalobiT saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma SeZlo fasebisa da erovnuli valutis gadacvli kursis stabilurobis SenarCuneba.

2004 wlisaTvis fiskaluri mdgomareobac sagrZnoblad gaumjobesda. pirvelad bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, Semosulma gadasaxadebma dagegmils 14%-iT gadaaWarba, maSin roca biujetis realuri xarjebi wliurad 26%-iT izrdeboda. xarjebi ZiriTadad mimarTuli iyo sazogadoebrivi administrirebis, socialuri dacvisa da valebis momsaxurebis sferoebisken. saxelfaso gasavlebis wili mTlian danaxarjebSi sakmaod maRali iyo da asaxavda mTavrobis reformul mcdelobebs sazogadoebrivi seqtoris adamianuri resursebis marTvis sferoSi.

14

politikuri mdgomareoba da zogadi politikuri mimarTulebebi

2003 wlis noembris politikurma cvlilebebma, romlebsac 2004 wlis ianvris arCevnebi mohyva, qveynis saTaveSi axali prezidenti da mTavroba moiyvana, maTTan erTad ki – qveynis mSeneblobis axali, reformatoruli xedva da strategia.

mTavrobis midgoma ekonomikuri da socialuri reformebisadmi gulisxmobs swrafi da mdgradi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis gziT siRaribis daZlevas. es ki miRweul unda iqnas marTvis meqanizmebis gaumjobesebiT, gamWvirvalobisa da efeqturobis zrdiT, biznes-garemos gaumjobesebiTa da kerZo kapitalis mozidviT mTeli rigi liberaluri ekonomikuri reformebis meSveobiT. reformebisa da maTi ganxorcielebis procesis efeqturobis xelSesawyobad Seiqmna ekonomikuri reformebis koordinirebis saxelmwifo ministris posti.

reformis programis Tanmimdevruli ganxorcielebis uzrunvelsayofad prioritetebad Camoyalibda Semdgomi urTierTdakavSirebuli principebi:

♦ korufciis alagmva;

♦ sazogadoebrivi monitoringis gamWvirvalobis amaRleba;

♦ biurokratiisa da misi gavlenis Semcireba;

♦ gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi sazogadoebis monawileobis gazrda;

♦ saxelmwifo mosamsaxureebis profesiuli kvalifikaciis amaRleba;

♦ kanonis umaRlesobisa da kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofa;

♦ adamianis uflebebis dacva.

seqtoruli politika mod-ebis sakiTxebTan mimarebaSi

soflis meurneobis ganviTareba

soflis meurneobas dRes saqarTvelos Sida moxmarebisa da eqsportis didi wili ukavia. es ukanaskneli soflis meurneobas did ekonomikur da socialur mniSvnelovnebas sZens da soflebis rolsac amaRlebs. saqarTvelos ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis naxevarze meti soflis meurneobiT aris dakavebuli, maSin roca soflad mTliani mosaxleobis naxevarze odnav naklebi cxovrobs (2002 wlis mosaxleobis aRweris monacemebiT – 52.4% cxovrobs qveynis urbanul nawilebSi, xolo 47.6% -- soflad).

raTa soflis meurneobis seqtori qveynis ekonomikis erT-erT prioritetul mimarTulebad Camoyalibdes, dagegmilia soflis meurneobis saministros reorganizacia da seqtoris administraciul-

15

instituciuri reforma. saministros funqciebi sam ZiriTad mimarTulebaSi moiyris Tavs:

♦ soflis meurneobis seqtoris mdgradi ganviTarebis politikis Camoyalibeba da ganxorcieleba; prioritetuli sazogadoebrivi programebis Seqmna-ganxorcieleba;

♦ sasoflo-sameurneo resursebis gamoyenebaze sazogadoebrivi kontrolis daweseba, jiSebis testireba da dakonserveba, sakvebi produqtebis uvneblobis uzrunvelyofa;

♦ seqtoris momsaxureba, rac gulisxmobs biznes-konsultaciebis xelSewyobas, informaciuli teqnologiebis danergvas, mecnieruli mxardaWeris uzrunvelyofas da specialistebis kvalifikaciis amaRlebas.

soflis meurneobis seqtoris ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT mniSnelovania miwis reformis dasrulebac, rac privatizacias da miwis bazris Seqmnas gulisxmobs. dagegmilia miwis kadastrisa da soflis meurneobis resursebisa da nagebobebis gamoyenebis erTiani kompiuterizebuli geografiuli sistemis Seqmna-ganviTareba. miwis bazris Camoyalibeba xels Seuwyobs soflad dazRvevisa da sakredito sistemebis danergvas, rac Tavis mxriv sagarantio fondebis Seqmnas daeyrdnoba.

soflad udidesi prioritetia infrastruqturisa Tu sawarmoo dawesebulebebis ganviTareba, rac materialur-teqnikuri bazis srulyofas da Tanamedrove teqnologiebis danergvasac gulisxmobs. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces soflis meurneobis im sferoebs, romlebic importis Semcvlelsa da saeqsporto saqonels awarmoeben. gaadvildeba fermerebisTvis sesxis xelmisawvdomoba, gaZlierdeba sakvebi produqtebis gadamamuSavebeli mrewveloba da regionebis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT SemuSavdeba mikro-finansuri sqemebi. sagarantio fondebis Seqmnisa da komerciul bankebSi Camoyalibebuli wamaxalisebeli sqemebis meSveobiT saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs mokle da grZelvadiani sezonuri sesxebis xelmisawvdomobas sasoflo-sameurneo proeqtebisTvis, raTa minimumamde Semcirdes sezonuri efeqtebi. xeli Seewyoba fermerebisa da biznes-firmebis vertikalur da horizontalur TanamSromlobas, kerZod ki gasaRebisken mimarTul TanamSromlobas, produqtebis adgilze gadamuSavebis SesaZleblobebis amaRlebas, soflad dasaqmebis bazris gamravalferovnebas. yuradReba mieqceva mcire da saSualo masStabis sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebebis aRdgenas.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqceva soflad mosaxleobis dasaqmebasa da Semosavlebis zrdaze orientirebul proeqtebs, romlebic erTobliv Zalisxmevaze iqneba dafuZnebuli, amiT ki biZgi miecema soflad nebayoflobiTi TanamSromlobis mentalobis amaRlebas.

energetikis seqtori

saqarTvelos energetikis seqtorSi arsebuli mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad dagegmilia infratruqturis aRdgena, energiis

16

gamomuSavebisa da gadatanis procesebis srulyofa da danakargebis mimimumamde Semcireba. donorebTan intensiuri konsultaciebis reJimSi SemuSavda energetikis seqtoris samoqmedo gegma, romelic Semdeg mimarTulebebs moicavs: seqtoris marTvisa da operirebis gaumjobeseba, gadasaxadebis akrefis sistemis srulyofa da energetikis seqtorSi saerTaSoriso mxardaWeriT mimdinare proeqtebis ganxorcieleba. moqmedebis strategiuli gegma mTel rig RonisZiebebs gulisxmobs, romelTa Sorisaa:

♦ SemuSavda gadasaxadebis akrefis sistemis srulyofis RonisZiebebi. es RonisZiebebi gaaumjobesebs gadasaxadebis akrefas rogorc sawarmoebidan da saxelmwifo organizaciebidan, ise Tbilisisa da saqarTvelos sxva regionebis mosaxleobidanac. Sedegad mniSvnelovnad amaRldeba gadasaxadebis akrefis procentuli maCveneblebi rogorc TbilisSi, ise regionebSi. soflebSi daarsdeba sagadasaxado punqtebi, romlebic aRiWurveba Tanamedrove kompiuteruli sistemebiT. momdevno wlebSi ufro intensiurad imuSavebs eleqtro-mricxvelebis damontaJebis programa. miRebuli zomebisa da swori marTvis Sedegad, 2006 wlis bolosTvis gadasaxadebis akrefis done arsebuli 55-60%-dan 75-80%-mde amaRldeba;

♦ saqarTvelos eleqtroenergiis saxelmwifo sistema gegmavs energo-danakargebis 11-dan 10%-mde an ufro metad Semcirebas (samomavlod mosalodneli 6%-mde Semcireba) korufciis aRmofxvris, mricxvelebis dayenebisa da sistemis dasacavi sxva RonisZiebebis Sedegad;

♦ arsebuli kanonmdeblobis dasaxvewad parlaments waredgina kanonproeqti eleqtroenergiis moparvisaTvis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze;

♦ energetikis seqtoris davalianebebis mosawesrigeblad SemuSavda sakanonmdeblo iniciativa da KFW-s dafinansebiT daarsda davalianebis restruqturizaciis saagento;

♦ energetikis seqtori miiRebs saerTaSoriso sabuRaltro standartebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofen mis mier miRebuli zomebis gamWvirvalobas;

♦ saqarTvelos ar gaaCnia bunebrivi airis maragi da amdenad, igi srulad aris damokidebuli momwodeblebze. msoflio bankisa da TACIS-is mier Catarebulma gamokvlevebma uCvena, rom bunebrivi airis momwodebeli sistema Zalze cud mdgomareobaSia da saWiroebs US$40 milionis saswrafo investirebas. am fulis gareSe sistema SesaZloa 2007-2008 wlebisTvis saerTod moiSalos da saqarTvelo ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi resursis gareSe datovos.

2.1.4 garemo

saqarTvelos konstituciis 37-e muxli qveynis yvela moqalqes janmrTel garemoSi cxovrebis uflebas aniWebs. garemos dacvac yvelas movaleobaa. konstituciis mixedviT, saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos bunebrivi garemos dacva da misi racionaluri gamoyeneba. saxelmwifos

17

pasuxismgeblobaa janmrTeli garemos SenarCuneba, romelic Seesabameba sazogadoebis ekologiur da ekonomikur moTxovnilebebs da icavs dRevandeli da momavali Taobebis interesebs. moqalaqeebs aqvT ufleba, droulad iyvnen informirebulni garemos mdgomareobisa da im pirobebis Sesaxeb, romlebSic isini cxovroben da muSaoben.

aRniSnuli pasuxismgeblobebisa da movaleobebis Sesasruleblad saxelmwifos Seqmnili aqvs saministroebis, saxelmwifo depertamentebis, institutebis, samecniero dawesebulebebisa da sxva saagentoebis qseli, romelic akontrolebs garemos mdgomareobas, qimiuri nivTierebebis marTvis CaTvliT. faqtiurad, am institutebis mTeli qseli metwilad mainc Zveli sabWoTa sistemis memkvidreobaa, romelmac qveynis damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg garkveuli cvlilebebi ganicada.

amas garda, bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi sagrZnoblad gaizarda garemosdacviTi sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebis ricxvi, romlebic TavianT mcdelobas mimarTaven konkretulad garemos mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisken.

garemosa da qimiuri nivTierebebis marTvis sferoSi mTavrobis rolis kidev sxva aspeqtia sakanonmdeblo da samarTlebrivi CarCoebi, romelze dayrdnobiTac mTavroba akontrolebs garemos dacvas (dawvrilebiT – 2.2. qveTavSi).

saqarTvelos ekologiis arcTu saxarbielo mdgomareoba garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebis axali sistemis Seqmnasa da amuSavebas moiTxovs, romelic qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategiis nawili iqneba.

garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebis sferoSi sazogadoebrivi politikis ZiriTadi amocanebia:

♦ garemosdacviTi saqmianobebis integrireba qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategiaSi;

♦ garemosdacviT sferoSi sakanonmdeblo bazis gaZliereba;

♦ ekologiuri eqspertizis gaumjobeseba;

♦ saerTaSoriso kontaqtebis gaZliereba da globaluri ekologiuri problemebis gadawyvetaSi monawileoba;

♦ sameli wylis, zedapiruli wylebisa da qveynis urbanul nawilebSi haeris xarisxis gaumjobeseba;

♦ mavne qimiuri nivTierebebis marTvis problemebis gadawyveta;

♦ Savi zRvis dacva dabinZurebisagan.

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania Semdegi garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi: centraluri kavkasiis tyeebis ekosistemebSi nakrZalis Seqmnis proeqti; Savi zRvis qarTuli sanapiros integrirebuli marTvis proeqti; borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis Ria programa, romelic am parkis damxmare

18

zonaSi infrastruqturis gaumjobesebasa da komunaluri infrastruqturis obieqtebis aRdgenas uWers mxars.

aRsaniSnavia agreTve gaeros “sufTa ganviTarebis meqanizmis” (CDM) farglebSi klimatis cvlilebis miznebisaTvis ganxorcielebuli rigi mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebi. es RonisZiebebi mWidro kavSirSia qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebasTan.

2.2 politika, kanonmdebloba da institutebi

2.2.1 erovnuli sakanonmdeblo CarCoebi

bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi aqtiuri garemosdacviTi politikis gatarebis Sedegad saqarTveloSi, qimiuri nivTierebebis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT, viTardeba sakanonmdeblo baza. miRebulia mTeli rigi kanonebi da maregulirebeli qvenormatiuli aqtebi, sadac gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva mavne nivTierebebiT garemos dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebas da adamianis janmrTelobis usafrTxoebas. am sferoSi ZiriTadi normatiuli aqtebia:

• saqarTvelos kanoni - `mavne organizmebisagan mcenareTa dacvis Sesaxeb” 1994w;

• saqarTvelos kanoni - `niadagis dacvis Sesaxeb” 1996w;

• saqarTvelos kanoni - ”garemos dacvis Sesaxeb” 1996w.

• saqarTvelos kanoni - `wylis Sesaxeb” 1997w;

• saqarTvelos kanoni - ”saSiS qimiur nivTierebaTa Sesaxeb” 1998w; (2005 wels miRebul iqna axali redaqciiT);

• saqarTvelos kanoni - `atmosferuli haeris dacvis Sesaxeb” 1998w;

• saqarTvelos kanoni - `sanitariuli kodeqsi” --

• saqarTvelos kanoni - `saSiSi nivTierebebiT gamowveuli zianis kompensaciis Sesaxeb” 1999w;

• saqarTvelos kanoni - `garemos dacvis saxelmwifo kontrolis Sesaxeb” 2005w;

• saqarTvelos kanoni - `licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb” 2005w. dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi qimiuri nivTierebebis marTva ZiriTadad xorcieldeba saqarTvelos kanonebiT "saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis Sesaxeb" da "pesticidebisa da agroqimikatebis Sesaxeb", romlebic miRebulia 1998 wels. am ukanasknelSi cvlilebebi Sevida 2005 wels. qimiuri nivTierebebis gamoyenebisa da kontrolis calkeuli normebi aseve regulirdeba zemoaRniSnuli kanonebidan gamomdinare kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebiT.

19

2.2.1.1 pesticidebi unda aRiniSnos, rom `pesticidebis da agroqimikatebis Sesaxeb” kanonis Tanaxmad, am sferoSi saxelmwifo mmarTvelobas axorcielebs soflis meurneobis saministro, romelic axorcielebs qveyanaSi pesticidebis saxelmwifo registraciis koordinacias da amtkicebs saqarTveloSi gamosayeneblad nebadarTuli pesticidebis saxelmwifo katalogs. kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, akrZalulia importi da qveynis teritoriaze gamoyeneba im preparatebisa, romlebic katalogSi ar aris Sesuli. am etapze damtkicebuli aris 2005-2009 w.w. gamosayeneblad nebadarTuli pesticidebis (mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebis da zrdis regulatorebis) saxelmwifo katalogi, romelSic Sesuli ar aris stokholmis da roterdamis konvenciebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pesticidebi. 2.2.1.2 sawarmoo da samomxmareblo qimiuri nivTierebebi saqarTvelos kanonis "saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis Sesaxeb" me-2 muxlSi Camoyalibebulia "saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebis" ganmarteba, romelic mocemulia evropis ekonomikuri gaerTianebis sabWos 1992 wlis 30 aprilis #32 direqtivaSi (Council Directive 92/32/EEC of 30 april 1992) moyvanili ganmartebebis safuZvelze. termini sxva saSiS nivTierebebTan erTad (mag.: aalebadi, feTqebadsaSiSi, alergiuli da sxv.) moicavs toqsikur da kancerogenul nivTierebebsa da preparatebs. anu, mdgardi organuli dambinZureblebis damaxasiTebeli Tvisebebis mqone nivTierebebs. Tanaxmad saqarTvelos kanonisa "pesticidebisa da agroqimikatebis Sesaxeb" sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis qimikatebi moicaven pesticidebs da agroqimikatebs.

`saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis Sesaxeb” kanonis Tanaxmad Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris 2001 wlis 26 martis #133/n brZanebiT damtkicebulia akrZaluli da mkacrad SezRuduli saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis nusxa, romelSic Sesulia 47 nivTiereba, maT Soris mod-ebi. amave kanonis Tanaxmad saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis (pesticidebis garda) saxelmwifo marTvis (warmoeba, eqsport-importi, saxelmwifo gamocda da eqspertiza, erTiani reestris warmoeba, Senaxva-dasawyobeba da sxva) makoordinirebel struqturas warmoadgens janmrTelobis dacvis saministro.

”licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 24-e muxlis me-7 punqtis da me-40 muxlis pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad SemuSavda da saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2006 wlis 28 seqtemberis #184 dadgenilebiT damtkicda `SezRudulad brunvadi masalebis warmoebis, transportirebis, importis, eqsportis, reeqsportis an tranzitis nebarTvis gacemis wesis Sesaxeb debuleba da SezRudulad brunvadi masalebis sia”. nebarTvis gamcem saxelmwifo struqturas warmoadgens garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro.

saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis klasifikacia (kanoni "saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis Sesaxeb“) detalurad aris ganxiluli saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris 2003 wlis 7 aprilis

20

#79/n brZanebaSi "saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis klasifikaciis Sesaxeb debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze".

saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs specialuri kanonmdebloba, romelic konkretulad pqb-ebTan mopyrobasa da maTs ganadgurebas daaregulirebda.

2.2.1.3 narCenebi qimiuri nivTierebebis warmoeba, iseve rogorc narCenebis ganTavseba, gadamuSaveba, gauvnebelyofa kanonmdeblobis mixedviT miekuTvneba sanebarTvo saqmianobas da masze nebarTvas gascems garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro.

aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom saqarTvelo 1999 wels SeuerTda `saxifaTo narCenebis transsasazRvro gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb” bazelis konvencias da mimdinareobs muSaoba winaswar dasabuTebuli Tanxmobis proceduris Sesaxeb roterdamis konvenciasTan mierTebis Taobaze.

2.2.1.4 mdgradi organuli dambinZureblebi 2001 wels saqarTvelom xeli moawera xolo 2006 wlis 11 aprols saqarTvelos parlamentma ratificireba gaukeTa mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb stokholmis konvencias, romelic miznad isaxavs narCenebis saxiT arsebuli mod-ebis ganadgureba-likvidacias da gamoyenebaSi arsebuli mod-ebis maqsimalurad SezRudvas, sabolood maT xmarebidan amoRebas. aseve mod-ebis, rogorc Tanaproduqtebis garemoSi gamoyofis Semcirebas da sabolood mis Sewyvetas. aRsaniSnavia, rom amJamad ar arsebobs specialuri erovnuli kanonmdebloba, romelic daaregulirebda saqarTveloSi mdgradi organuli dambinZureblebis kontrolTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, Tumca Tanaxmad saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisa, igi warmoadgens saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis, pesticidebisa da agroqimikatebis regulirebis organul nawils. 2.2.2 instituciuri struqtura qimiuri nivTierebebis usafrTxo gamoyenebis marTvisa da kontrolis sferoSi kompetentur saxelmwifo organoebs warmoadgenen:

♦ saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro;

♦ saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro;

♦ saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro;

♦ soflis meurneobis saministro.

21

amJamad mimdinareobs saxelmwifo aRmasrulebel organoebs Soris funqciaTa gadanawilebis procesi. dagegmilia qimiuri nivTierebebis marTvis funqciebis gadacema garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosadmi.

2.3 arsebuli mdgomareoba mod-ebTan mimarTebaSi

2.3.1 mod-pesticidebi

2.3.1.1 pesticidebis gamoyenebis mimarTulebebi cnobilia, rom saqarTvelo xasiaTdeba mravalferovani klimaturi pirobebiT, sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebiT da mcenareuli safariT, rac ganapirobebs mcenareTa mavneblebis, daavadebebis da sarevelebis farTod gavrcelebas. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare maT winaaRmdeg farTod gamoiyeneboda da dRemde gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva qimiuri jgufis pesticidebi. pesticidebi agreTve farTod gamoiyeneba samedicino sferoSi, komunalur meurneobaSi da veterinariaSi. arsebuli informaciiT, gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi pesticidebis yovelwliuri gamoyeneba Seadgenda 30-35 aTas tonas. pesticidebis nawili iwarmoeboda adgilze (Tumca, aq aRebulma sinjebma dabinZureba ar uCvena), didi nawili ki Semodioda respublikis farglebs garedan. qveyanaSi saTanado doneze ar xdeboda maTi Senaxvis, transportirebis da gamoyenebis normebis reglamentebis dacva, gamomdinare aqedan, sakmaod maRali iyo garemos dabinZurebis faqtoric. kerZod, rogorc monitoringis monacemebidan irkveva, garemoSi (niadagi, wyali) zogierTi pesticidis (ddt, hqch, heqsaqlorani, treflani da sxva) Semcveloba 4-12 jer, calkeul SemTxvevebSi ki 30-50-jer aRemateba zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentraciebs. Samwuxarod, qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis gamo 1990 wlidan sistematuri monitoringi garemos dabinZurebaze ar ganxorcielebula, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT calkeuli programebis farglebSi Catarebul gamokvlevebs. 1990-1995 wlebSi qveyanaSi Seiqmna mZime socialur-ekonomikuri da politikuri mdgomareoba, ris gamoc moiSala pesticidebis saxelmwifo marTvis sistema misi gamoyenebis yvela etapze (warmoeba, importi, eqsporti, tranziti, transportireba, Senaxva, moxmareba, gauvnebelyofa). am periodSi mkveTrad Semcirda pesticidebis Semotana da ZiriTadad gamoiyeneboda qveyanaSi sabWoTa periodis sasawyobo meurneobebSi dagrovili pesticidebi, maT Soris vadagasuli. darRveuli iyo maTi gamoyenebis normebi da moTxovnebi. ar mimdinareobda saxelmwifo aRricxva. mdgomareoba gaumjobesda 1996 wels, roca miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanoni `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb”, romelSic aisaxa qimiuri nivTierebebis, maT Soris pesticidebis marTvis sakiTxebi. 1998 wels miRebul iqna kanoni `pesticidebis da agroqimikatebis Sesaxeb”, ris Semdegac gaZlierda

22

saxelmwifo kontroli da mdgomareoba SedarebiT stabiluri gaxda. Tumca xSiria kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis darRvevebi.

2.3.1.2 pesticidebis amJamindeli gamoyeneba 2000-2004 wlebis oficialuri monacemebiT pesticidebis yovelwliuri Semotana da moxmareba Sedgens 1000-2500 tonas. maTi gamoyenebis mkveTri Semcireba wina wlebTan (70-80-iani) SedarebiT aixsneba SemdegiT: Tanamedrove pesticidebis danergviT da maTi gamoyenebis dabali dozebiT; aRuricxavi aralegaluri pesticidebis SemotaniT; fermerebis dabali SesyidvisunarianobiT. arsebuli informaciiT, saqarTveloSi sasoflo-sameurneo farTobis mxolod 30-35% muSavdeba pesticidebiT, ris gamoc saheqtaro datvirTva Semcirebulia. ase magaliTad: venaxisaTvis _ 5kg, xorbali 1,25kg, simindi 0,61kg, bostneuli 6,6kg, citrusebi da xexili _ 15,8kg (am SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi datvirTva modis mineraluri zeTebis gamoyenebaze, romlis xarjvis norma maRalia). Tumca momavalSi mosalodnelia pesticidebis moxmarebis zrda saqarTveloSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi miRebulia Sesabamisi kanonmdebloba qimiur niTierebaTa, maT Soris pesticidebis marTvis sferoSi, dReis mdgomareobiT xSiria kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis darRvevebi, kerZod:

• adgili aqvs pesticidebis aralegalur Semotanas;

• ar aris mowesrigebuli sarealizacio qseli;

• xSirad xdeba pesticidebis falsifikacia;

• adgili aqvs uxarisxo pesticidebis gamoyenebas;

• xSir SemTxvevaSi ar pasuxobs moTxovnebs pesticidebis moxmarebis (Sesxureba, Sefrqveva, niadagSi Setana) teqnikuri saSualebebi;

• praqtikulad arcerT fermerul meurneobaSi ar aris specialurad mowyobili moednebi pesticidebis samuSao nazavis mosamzadeblad da Semasxurebeli teqnikis gasamarTavad;

• Sesanaxi sawyobebi ar pasuxobs Tanamedrove moTxovnebs;

• sabWoTa kavSiris droindel amortizirebul da dangreul sawyobebSi dagrovilia vadagasuli da xmarebisaTvis uvargisi pesticidebi;

• ar xdeba Semasxurebeli da teqnikuri saSualebebis (aparaturis, taris, spectansacmlis) gauvnebelyofa;

• arcerT fermerul meurneobaSi ar xdeba saTanado dokumentebis warmoeba gamoyenebuli pesticidebis raodenobisa da wamlobaTa jeradobis Sesaxeb;

• dabalia mosaxleobis codnis done pesticidebis usafrTxo da efeqturi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.

• ar mimdinareobs garemos (niadagi, wyali haeri) monitoringi pesticidebis Semcvelobaze.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare adgili aqvs pesticidebis, maT Soris mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis moxvedras niadagSi, gruntisa da

23

zedapirul wylebSi, atmosferul haerSi, rac iwvevs garemos dabinZurebas, safrTxes uqmnis adamianis janmrTelobas da garemos.

2.3.1.3 vadagasuli da xmarebisaTvis uvargisi pesticidebis inventarizacia dResdReobiT seriozul problemas warmoadgens saqarTveloSi sabWoTa periodidan dagrovili vadagasuli da xmarebisaTvis uvargisi pesticidebi, romlebic ganTavsebulia yofili `soflqimiis”, kolmeurneobebisa da sabWoTa meurneobebis amortizirebul da dangreul sawyobebSi. isini atmosferuli naleqebis moqmedebiT xvdeba niadagSi, gruntisa da zedapirul wylebSi, rac seriozul safrTxes uqmnis adamianis janmrTelobas da garemos.

pesticidebis inventarizacia saqarTveloSi 2004-2005 wlebSi Catarda FAO-s meTodologiis Sesabamisad. inventarizacia iTvaliswinebda moZvelebuli da vadagasuli pesticidebis sawyobebis Sesaxeb informaciis mokrebas, aseve am qimikatebis raodenobebis, savaWro saxelwodebebis, qimiuri Semadgenlobebis, saidentifikacio kodebis, SefuTvisa da mwarmoeblis dadgenas, iseve rogorc potenciurad dabinZurebuli teritoriis vizualur Sefasebas.

inventarizebul iqna vadagasuli da xmarebisTvis uvargisi pesticidebis 214 obieqti, aqedan narCenebi aRmoCenilia 46 obieqtze (cxrili 1). sul aRmoCenilia 3057 tona narCeni qimikati, maT Soris iaRlujis Sxamqimikatebis poligonze ganTavsebulia 2700 t, xolo qveynis danarCen yofil sasawyobo meurneobebSi _ 357 t (cxrili 2).

cxrili 1. aRricxuli obieqtebis da arebuli sinjebis raodenoba regionebis mixedviT

N regioni aRricxuli adgilebis raodenoba

adgilebis raodenoba,

sadac aRmoCenilia pesticidebi

aRebuli numuSebis raodenoba

pesticidi niadagi

1 aWara 2 2 6 2

2 imereTi 23 9 8

3 samcxe-javaxeTi 10 2 7 1

4 Sida qarTli 11 8 13

5 xaSuri 19 10 8

6 kaxeTi 8 3 17 6

7 guria 22 2 1

8 mcxeTa-mTianeTi 8 5 8 2

9 samegrelo 87 -

10

qvemo svaneTi leCxumi

16 - - -

11

raWa 1 - - -

24

12

qvemo qarTli 7 5 3

13

Tbilisi - -

sul:

214 46 71 11

cxrili 2. saqarTveloSi arsebuli vadagasuli pesticidebis jamuri raodenoba regionebis mixedviT

£ regioni narCeni qimikatebis raodenoba kg litri

1 aWara 15000 2 Sida qrTli 18500 100 3 imereTi 10000 100 4 mcxeTa-mTianeTi 23000 500 5 samcxe-javaxeTi 4200 6 kaxeTi 230000 7 xaSuris raioni 50500 8 qvemo qarTli

iaRlujis samarxi 4500

2700000 500

9 guria --- --- 10 samegrelo --- --- 11 qvemo svaneTi-

leCxumi --- ---

12 raWa --- --- 13 Tbilisi --- --- jami:

iaRluji: 357 000 2 700 000

1200

sul: 3 057 000

inventarizaciiT gamovlinda, rom sasawyobo meurneobebis umetesi nawili amortizebuli da dangreulia, zogierTi maTgani ki mTlianad dangreuli da samSeneblo masalad gatanili. pesticidebi xSir SemTxvevaSi Ria cis qveS aris dayrili da erTmaneTSi areuli, umetes SemTxvevaSi ar gaaCnia SefuTva. atmosferuli naleqebiT xdeba maTi Carecxva da moxvedra niadagSi. arsebuli mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda maTi qimiuri jgufebis mixedviT klasificireba da Sedgenilobis gansazRvra. aqedan gamomdinare, aRebuli iqna sinjebi laboratoriuli analizisTvis, raTa gansazRvreuliyo am pesticidebSi mod-ebis Semcveloba.

mTlianobaSi aRebulia 71 ucnobi qimikatis da 11 niadagis sinji mod-ebis Semcvelobaze. labortoriuli analizis Sedegad dadginda, rom: 71 ucnobi qimikatis sinjidan 47_Si da 11-ive niadagis sinjSi aRmoCnda mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebi. kerZod: kaxeTis (aCinebuli, wnori) regionSi aRmoCenil iqna heptaqlori da α, γ – ГХЦГ, Sida qarTlSi (kaspi, qareli, gori) _ heptaqlori, α, γ – ГХЦГ, ДДT da ДДЕ, xaSurSi _ heptaqlori, α, γ – ГХЦГ da ДДT, aWaraSi (BbaTumi, qobuleTi) _ heptaqlori, ДДД , ДДЕ da α, γ – ГХЦ, imereTSi (zestafoni, samtredia) _ heptaqlori, α, γ – ГХЦГ da ДДT. analizis Sedegebi I aneqsSia mocemuli. am Sedegebis eqstrapolaciiT dadginda, rom savaraudod, pesticidebis mTliani raodenobis 66% mod-

25

ebis Semcvelia. es ki niSnavs, rom regionebis sasawyobo meurneobebSi daaxloebiT 235 tona mod-ebis Semcveli pesticidia dagrovili. pesticidebis dabinZurebis donis dasadgenad, garda amisa, aRebul iqna zedapiruli da miwisqveSa wylebis, dedis rZis, Tevzis saanalizo nimuSebi mod-ebis Semcvelobaze. zedapiruli wylebis aRebul samive nimuSSi (q. quTaisis Semdeg md. rioni; q. samtrediis Semdeg md. rioni; saqoCakiZe md. rioni) aRmoCenili iqna heptaqlori da ddt, xolo gruntis wylebis xuTive nimuSSi heptaqlori. es monacemebi cxril 3-Sia Tavmoyrili. cxrili 3. mod-ebis Semcveloba zedapiruli da gruntis wylebisa da Tevzis nimuSebSi zedapiruli wylebi nimuSis

#

nimuSis tipi da regioni

−γα , heqsaqlorobenzeni,

mkg/l heptaqlori mkg/l

DDddt, mkg/l

DDEdde,mkg/l

NSeniSvna

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 KquTaisis Semdeg, md. rioni

- 3.00 - -

2 samtredias Semdeg, md. rioni

- 2.25 - -

3

A saqoCakiZes Semdeg, md. rioni

- 3.00 - 4.80

gruntis wylebi

1 sof. xidmaRala, lanCxuTi

- 2.75 - -

2 sof. axalsofeli, lanCxuTi

- 2.0 - -

3 sof. nigvziani, lanCxuTi

- 1.0 - -

4 Jordanias q. #89, lanCxuTi

- 1.5 - -

5 sof. SuxuTi, OozurgeTi

- 1.0 - -

Tevzis 15 sinjidan mxolod orSi aRmoCnda heptaqlori (q. foTi, md. rioni, kefali da md. kaparWina, Rorjo).

Tevzis nimuSebi nimuSis

#

nimuSis tipi da regioni

−γα , hexachlorobenzen

i, mkg/l heptaqlori mkg/l

DDddt, mkg/l

DDEdde,mkg/l

NSeniSvna

59 PfoTi, md. rioni (Kkefali)

- - - -

26


- - - -


- 1.0 mg/kg - -

62 PfoTi, md. kaparWina, (Rorjo)

- 0.5 mg/kg - -

63 PfoTi, md. kaparWina, (kefali)

- - - -

64 qobuleTimd. kintriSi - - - -





69 Keda, river Alazani

- - - -

70 Kqeda, md.Aalazani

- - - -


- - - -


- - - -


- - - -

sabednierod, dedis rZeSi mod-ebis Semcveloba ar dadasturda. sinjebi aRebuli iqna 7 samSobiarodan – 2 aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (rusTavi da gori) da 5 dasavleT saqarTveloSi (zestafoni, quTaisi, senaki, zugdidi da baTumi). arcerT maTganSi pesticidebis kvali ar aRmoCnda.

imis gamo, rom programa niadagis sinjebis raodenobis TvalsazrisiT SezRuduli iyo, dabinZurebuli farTobebis zusti gansazRvra ver moxerxda. vizualuri daTvalierebiT da zogierTi laboratoriuli analizis safuZvelze es daaxloebiT 40-45 heqtars Seadgens.

2.3.1.4 iaRlujis samarxi

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi marneulis raionSi iaRlujis mTaze ganTavsebuli aris vadagasuli da xmarebisaTvis uvargisi pesticidebis poligoni (samarxi), romelic arsebuli informaciiT gaixsna 1976 wels da funqcionirebda 1985 wlamde. am periodSi poligonze gadatanil da damarxul iqna 2700 tonamde sxvadasxva qimiuri jgufis pesticidebi. poligoni 1986 wlidan daxurulia da amJamad cud mdgomareobaSia. teritoria ar aris SemoRobili, samarxi daucvelia da Tavisuflad gadaadgildeba pirutyvi. adgili aqvs rogorc pesticidebis, ise metaluri taris amoRebis faqtebs. samarxis zedapirze Cans pesticidebi da SesafuTi tara (tomrebi, kasrebi).

27

samwuxarod, samarxis proeqti ver iqna moZiebuli da aqedan gamomdinare, gaurkvevelia Tu ra saxiT aris ganTavsebuli masSi pesticidebi. samarxidan aRebul iqna sinjebi da laboratoriuli analiziT dadasturda masSi mod-ebis didi raodenobiT Semcveloba. orive aRebuli

sinji Seicavda 10% α-heqsaqlorobenzens da 10% heptaqlors. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom samarxis funqcionirebis periodSi saqarTveloSi farTod gamoiyeneboda qlororganuli pesticidebi. samarxi faqtiurad im droisaTvis akrZaluli qlororganuli pesticidebis gansaTavseblad aSenda. aRniSnulidan da laboratoriuli analizis Sedegebidan gamomdinare, savaraudoa, rom samarxSi ganTavsebulia didi raodenobiT qlorSemcveli pesticidi, maT Soris mod-ebi. mod-ebis Semcveli pesticidebis mTliani raodenoba daaxloebiT 2,000 tonas Seadgens. iaRlujis pesticidebis samarxi seriozul safrTxes uqmnis mimdebare garemosa da mosaxleobas. Tamamad SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom Tu pesticidebis gauvnebelyofa ar moxda, mimdebare garemo da regionis sasmeli wylis wyaroebi seriozulad dabinZurdeba, es ki Sesabamisad aisaxeba mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze.

28

2.3.2 Tanauri produqtebi (dioqsinebi da furanebi)

dioqsinebisa da furanebis inventarizacia UNEP-is saxelmZRvanelo meTodologiis Sesabamisad Catarda da asaxa1990-2004 wlebis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi. es iyo pirveli mcdeloba saqarTveloSi furanebisa da dioqsinebis gamofrqvevebis Sefasebisa.

gamofrqvevebis wyaroebis Sesaxeb informacia mopovebul-iqna oficialuri statistikuri monacemebidan da warmoebis wertilovani wyaroebis gamokiTxvebidan. kiTxvarebi darigda 379 sawarmosa da sxva erTeulSi. pasuxebi am kiTxvarebze samwuxarod Zalian susti aRmoCnda. warmoebis wertilovani wyaroebis kvleva kvlavac ferxdeba ekonomikur da sawarmoo saqmianobaSi mimdinare gardaqmnebiT. bevri sawarmo amjerad gaCerebulia da mxolod maTi mcire nawili funqcionirebs. Tumca es dioqsinebis gamofrqvevis Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT pozitiur movlenad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, samagierod Zalze cotaa cnobili gamofrqvevebis potencialis Sesaxeb. gamofrqvevis es potenciali SesaZloa realizebuli iqnes sawarmoebis funqcionirebis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi.

rogorc #4 da #5 cxrilebidan Cans, saqarTveloSi dioqsin-furanebis gamofrqvevebi 1990 wlis Semdeg TandaTanobiT Semcirda. 1990 da 2004 wlebis monacemebis SedarebiT Cans, rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos dioqsin-furanebis gamofrqvevebiT dabinZureba 3.019-jer Semcirda.

es faqti ekonomikuri daRmasvliT, ekonomikis struqturuli da funqciuri cvlilebebiT (dagegmilidan sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT) da qveynis mosaxleobis raodenobis SemcirebiT aixsneba.

2004 wlisaTvis dioqsin-furanebis gamofrqvevebis TiTqmis 80% me-6 kategoriis wyaroze modis – ukontrolo wvis procesebze (nagavsayrelebze narCenebis ukontrolo/spontanuri wva da tyis xanZrebi), xolo am kategoriis udides nawils nagavsayrelebze narCenebis ukontrolo/spontanuri wva Seadgens. meore adgilzea me-9 kategoriis wyaro – nagavsayrelebi (8.64% anu 8.295g teq/w.), xolo mesame adgili ekuTnis me-3 kategorias – energiis warmoeba da gaTboba (8.08% anu 7.764 g teq.). am sami wyaros mTliani wili (95.6% anu 91.806 g teq/w.) maT prioritetuli mniSvnelobis seqtorebad aqcevs.

1990-iani wlebis monacemebze dayrdnobiT gakeTebuli gamoTvlebi gviCvenebs, rom istoriulad dabinZurebis udidesi wyaroa ukntrolo wva (1990 wels – 70%). sainteresoa, rom 1990 wlis monacemebiT, dabinZurebis meore udidesi wyaroa Savi da feradi metalurgia, romlis wili 16.76%, anu 48.612 g teq/w. Seadgens. es mTlianad rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxnis gamofrqvevebs warmoadgens, es qarxana ki 1991 wlidan faqtiurad aRar funqcionirebs. es monacemi agreTve miuTiTebs rusTavis midamoebSi niadagisa da biotas dioqsin-furanebiT savaraudod maRal dabinZurebaze. danarCeni seqtorebis wili umniSvneloa (ixile aneqsi IV).

29

cxrili 4 saqarTveloSi PCDD/PCDF haerSi gafrqvevebis monacemebi (g teq/w.), 1990-2004 wlebi

# PCDD/PCDF gamofrqvevebis

wyaroebis kategoriebi

1990 1995 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1 narCenebis

maRaltemperatu

ruli wva

6,991

2,41

1,232

0,63

1,32

0,71

1,408

0,84

1,496

1,12

2,684

2,0

2,816

2,3

2,904

2,66

2,992

3,11

2 Savi da feradi

metalurgia

48,612

16,76

4,957

2,54

5,363

2,90

2,693

1,61

0,043

0,03

-

3 energetika da

saTbobi

masalebi

7,806

2,69

7,750

3,97

7,756

4,19

7,756

4,63

7,753

5,82

7,754

5,77

7,754

6,33

7,762

7,11

7,764

8,08

4 mineraluri produqtebis

warmoeba

3,787

1,31

0,174

0,09

0,275

0,15

0,529

0,32

0,884

0,66

0.,960

0,71

1,108

0,9

1,113

1,04

1,186

1,23

5 transporti 0,099

0,03

0,045

0,02

0,076

0,04

0,085

0,05

0,023

0,02

0,035

0,03

0,036

0,03

0,036

0,03

0,045

0,05

6 ukontrolo

wvis procesebi

199,601

68,83

170,233

87,12

159,821

86,27

145,007

86,48

113,566

85,27

113,641

84,62

101,939

83,17

88,775

81,33

75,747

78,86

7 qimiuri

nivTierebebisa

da

samomxmarablo

produqciis

warmoeba

8,619

2,97

0,025

0,01

0,050

0,03

0,048

0,03

0,045

0,03

0,022

0,02

0,012

0,01

0,010

0,01

0,018

0,02

8 sxvadasxva 0,163

0,06

0,001

0,0005

0,006

0,003

0,007

0,004

0,006

0,005

0,003

0,002

0,004

0,003

0,005

0,005

0,009

0,01

9 nagavsayrelebi 14,324

4,94

10,974

5,62

10,581

5,71

10,125

6,04

9,374

7,04

9,19

6,84

8,901

7,26

8,535

7,82

8,295

8,64

1-9 jami 290,01

100

195,391

100

185,248

100

167,658

100

133,190

100

134,289

100

122,57

100

109,16

100

96,056

100

SeniSvna: cxrilSi moyvanili monacemebis mricxveli warmoadgens PCDD/PCDF-is wliur gafrqvevebs (g teq/w.), xolo mniSvneli – igive parametris procentul maCvenebels.

cxrili 5 saqarTveloSi dioqsin-furanebis gamofrqvevebis aseT teritoriul ganawilebas uCvenebs: gamofrqvevebis 50% Tbilisze modis; meore udidesi dambinZurebelia qvemo qarTli (25.7%), xolo amis Semdeg imereTi (8.3%), aWara (7.4%), Sida qarTli (3.1%) da kaxeTi (2.5%). danarCeni teritoriebis wili umniSvneloa (ix. aneqsi 4).

30

cxrili 5. dioqsin-furanebis gafrqveva saqarTvelos regionebSi, 2004

# regioni (g I teq/w.), %

1 Tbilisi 46,20 48,3

2 qvemo qarTli 24,6 25,7

3 imereTi 7,98 8,3

4 aWara 7,11 7,4

5 Sida qarTli 2,93 3,1

6 kaxeTi 2,41 2,5

7 samegrelo-zemo svaneTi 1,78 1,9

8 mcxeTa-mTianeTi 1,21 1,3

9 guria 0,63 0,7

10 samcxe-javaxeTi 0,34 0,4

11 qvemo svaneTi-leCxumi 0,2 0,2

12 raWa 0,2 0,2

mTlianad saqarTveloSi 95,59 100

mTliani gamofrqveva, rac daaxloebiT weliwadSi 100 g I-teq-s udris haerSi da 120-170 g I-teq-s mTlianad garemoSi, sakmaod maRal maCveneblad CaiTvleba qveynis masStabisa da mosaxleobis raodenobis, iseve rogorc klimaturi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

gamofrqvevebis udidesi wili or ZiriTad wyaroze modis: pirvel rigSi, cudad mowyobil da marTul nagavsayrelebze, sadac xSiri (ufro sworad ki semi-permanentuli) saxe aqvs cecxliT wvas da meore – ukontrolo wva iseT adgilebSi, sadac narCenebis centralizebuli wesiT Segroveba ar xdeba, anda mouwesrigebelia. am wyaroebidan dioqsinebis gamofrqvevebis maCveneblebi metwilad navaraudevia, radgan Zalze uxeS gamoTvlebs efuZneba rogorc narCenebis raodenobebTan, ise am narCenebis ukontrolod damwvar wilebTan mimarTebaSi. Tu ZiriTad daSvebebs ar daveTanxmebiT, gamofrqvevebis gacilebiT naklebi raodenoba, gamoTvlilis naxevaric ki SeiZleba vivaraudoT.

aRniSnuli ar cvlis narCenebis marTvis rekomendebul RonisZiebebs. narCenebis ukontrolo wva sxvadasxva saxis riskisa da problemebis mizezia da am problemebis gadaWris saukeTeso gza – narCenebis swori marTvaa. dioqsinebis gamofrqvevebs sagrZnoblad Seamcirebs qveyanaSi narCenebis swori marTvis sistemis dafuZneba.

31

2.3.3 pqb (poliqlorirebuli bifenilebi)

saqarTveloSi pqb-ebis inventarizacia miznad isaxavda potenciurad pqb-s Semcveli danadgarebisa da narCenebis registracias, maTi mflobelebisa da zusti adgilmdebareobis dadgenas. inventarizaciis gansaxorcieleblad gamoyenebuli iyo UNEP-is meTodolgiiT gansazRvruli saxelmZRvanelo masalebi da kriteriumebi. monacemebi Segrovda 14 regionuli jgufis mier, romlebmac asaxes qveynis masStabiT pqb-ebis potenciurad Semcveli danadgarebis didi nawili.

2.3.3.1. transformatorebi

transformatorebTan mimarTebaSi aqcenti gakeTda CirCikisa da ekaterinburgis qarxnebis mier damzadebul danadgarebze da im modelebze, romlebic, rogorc cnobilia, pqb-Semcvelia (sovtoli).

transformatorebze monacemebis Segroveba ganxorcielda 2,130 kompaniasa da dawesebulebaSi, romlebic moicavda rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo da municipalur seqtorebis iseT dargebs, rogoricaa energetika, metalurgia, qimia da navTob-qimia, transporti, soflis meurneoba da kveba, xe-tyis gadamuSaveba. inventarizacia ganxorcielda rogorc didi simZlavris transformatorebis (35, 110, 220 da 500kv) regionul qvesadgurebSi, ise gamanawilebel qselsa da mcire simZlavris transformatorebze (6 da 10kv).

kvleva moicavda afxazeTisa da samaCablos garda saqarTvelos yvela regions. gamoTvlebis mixedviT, Segrovili monacemebi pqb-s SesaZlo Semcveli transformatorebis daaxloebiT 80%-s warmoadgens (ix. aneqsi IV).

pqb-s Semcvelobis dasadgenad gamoyenebuli iyo analizuri meTodebi: xarisxobrivi eqspres analizi da raodenobrivi gaz-qromatografiuli meTodi. TiToeulma regionulma warmomadgenlobam asobiT saeWvo zeTis nimuSi Seamowma pqb-s Semcvelobaze Chlor-N-Oil-is swrafi testebis meSveobiT. sul Semowmebuli 203 sinjidan 44-ma uCvena 50 ppm-ze meti pqb-s Semcveloba. yvela, 44 sinji gadaeca laboratorias raodenobrivi analizisTvis da TiToeul maTganSi 120-dan 1000 ppm-mde pqb dabinZureba aRmoCnda2. pqb-s maRali Semcveloba ZiriTadad saSualo da mcire zomis transformatorebSi dafiqsirda.

Segrovili monacemebi Seyvanilia eleqtronul monacemTa bazaSi, romelic pqb-s Semcveli TiToeuli danadgaris tipsa da monacemebs aRwers. es monacemebi Tavmoyrilia cxril 6-Si da ilustrirebulia aneqs 4-Si mocemul diagramaze.

am analizebis Sedegebis ganzogadebisas igulisxmeboda, rom Tu romelime kompaniis erT-erT transformatorSi mainc aRmoCnda pqb- dabinZureba, am kompaniis yvela sxva transformatoric dabinZurebulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

_______________________________

2 analizis detaluri Sedegebi aneqs II-Sia mocemuli

32

Segrovili monacemebis gadamuSavebisa da gaanalizebis Sedegad Semdegi daskvnebis gamotana SeiZleba:

sul pqb-s Semcveli 216 transformatori iqna gamovlenili. aqedan 48 ukve aRar aris xmarebaSi. am transformatorebSi sul savaraudod 632 tona pqb-Semcveli zeTia, xolo danadgarebis mTliani mas daaxloebiT 2,00 tonas udris. aRmoCenilia agreTve 50kg dasawyobebuli sufTa pqb-zeTi.

qimiuri analizebis eqstrapolaciiT gamoTvlilia, rom arsebuli mcire da saSualo zomis transformatorebis 20-25%, rac sul daaxloebiT 2,000 danadgars niSnavs, pqb-dabinZurebulia. pqb-dabinZurebuli zeTebis mTliani raodenoba daaxloebiT 1,200 tonas utoldeba, xolomaTiT dabinZurebuli danadgarebis masa – daaxloebiT 4,300 tonas.

cxrili 6. transformatoris zeTebis pqb-analizis Sedegebi

# regioni transformatorebis raodenoba

gamoyenebu

li/ gamouyenebe

li

Semowmebuli

zeTebis

mTliani

raodenoba

laborator

iuli

analizebis

raodenoba

pqb-

dabinZure

buli

zeTebis

raodenoba

pqb-

zeTebis

Semcveli

transfor

matorebis

raodenoba

1. Tbilisi 2327 / 292 1200 4 186.17 23

2. Sida KqarTli 858 / 110 300 3 7,5 3

3. xaSuri 623 / 73 165 3 49,5 21

4. qvemo KqarTli 1440 / 143 650 4 137 111

5. imereTi 2792 / 248 1500 3 90 8

6. mcxeTa-mTianeTi 891 / 93 350 2 8,0 3

7. samcxe-javaxeTi 747 / 80 250 5 34,5 14

8. foTi 327 / 22 110 2 46 2

9. guria 853 / 112 280 _ _ _

10. kaxeTi 1257/ 53 430 1 4,8 2

11 samegrelo-zemo

svneTi

2103 / 174 1625 2 18,4 4

12. qvemo svaneTi-

leCxumi

192 / 21 130 6 17,1 3

13. aWara 1026 / 95 350 5 17,5 19

14. raWa 324 / 26 65 5 16 3

jami: 15760 /1542 7405 45 632,47 216

33

qvemoT moyvanili diagrama 1 warmoadgens pqb-dabinZurebuli zeTebis sawarmoo seqtorebSi ganawilebas.

diagrama 1

PCB-contaminated oils across the industry

Energy SectorMetalurgyChemical IndustryTransportFood SectorWood and PaperOther Sectors

34

2.3.3.2 kondensatorebi

kondensatorebTan dakavSirebuli kvleva 110 kompaniaSi da industriuli zomis kondensatorebis SesaZlo mflobel organizaciaSi Catarda. monacemebi Segrovda 14-dan 7 regionSi, magram es iyo 7 ZiriTadi industriuli regioni. gamokvleul regionebSi SesaZlo mflobelTa daaxloebiT 20% iqna inventarizebuli.

kondensatorebis inventarizaciisas ZiriTadi yuradReba mieqca eleqro-danadgarebs (reaqtiul Zravebs, denis gardamqmnel sistemebs), romlebic Semdeg modelebs iyeneben: КСО, КС1, КС2, КСК1, КСК2, КСТС, БСК, КС, КСК, ФСТ, ФС, ГСТ, РСТ, РСТО, КСЭ, КСЭК, ЭС, ЭСБ, ЭСБК, ЭСВП, КСП, КСШ, КСКШ, КСКФ, ИС, ПС da ПСК. modelebi Semdegi zeTebiT aris Sevsebuli: TCB, nitrosovoli, pentaqlorobifenili, romlebic ustkamenogorskisa da serpuxovos qarxnebSi iwarmoeboda (yofil ssrk-Si).

sul identificirebulia 5,500 kondensatori, romelTa 52% sinTezur zeTebs (pqb-s) Seicavs. am kondensatorebSi gamoyenebuli pqb-zeTebis mTliani raodenoba 50 tonas udris, xolo mowyobilobebis mTliani masa – 150 tonas.

kondensatorebis monacemTa baza naklebad srulyofilia vidre transformatorebisa, amitomac SasaZlo miaxloebebi naklebad zustia. Tumca, gamoTvlilia, rom ukve aRricxulia saqarTveloSi arsebuli kondensatorebis 15-20%. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom pqb-Semcveli kondensatorebi ZiriTadad mZime mrewvelobaSi gvxvdeba, rac sakmaod kargad iqna gamokvleuli sawyisi inventarizaciiT, qveyanaSi pqb-Semcveli kondensatorebis raodenobis SesaZlod zusti miaxloebaa 8,000-10,000. es ki niSnavs daaxloebiT 200 tona pqb-zeTsa da kondensatorebis mTlian masas – 600 tonas.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom saerTaSoriso kvlevebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi gamoyenebuli kondensatorebis zogierTi tipi, romlebic TiTqosda mineralur zeTebs Seicavs, SesaZloa mcire koncentraciiT, magram mniSvnelovani raodenobiT pqb-ebsac Seicavdes. momdevno kvlevam unda uCvenos aseTi kondensatorebis pqb-T Sevsebul kondensatorebTan erTad gadamuSavebis aucilebloba.

2.3.3.3 wredis amomrTvelebi

pqb-inventarizacia gavrcelda sawarmoo operaciebSi gamoyenebul wredis amomrTvelebzec. sul 3,200 aseTi danadgari dafiqsirda. Tumca ar arsebobs monacemebi wredis amomrTvelebSi pqb-Semcvelobaze, literaturul monacemebze dayrdnobiT, SesaZloa isini pqb-s mniSvnelovan raodenobas Seicavdnen.

35

2.3.4 mod-ebiT dabinZurebuli da potenciurad dabinZurebuli wertilebi

niadagisa da adgilmdebareobis dabinZureba mxolod pesticidebis inventarizaciis ganxorcielebisas iyo mxedvelobaSi miRebuli. rac Seexeba pesticidebs, Semowmebuli obieqtebis nawilSi qimikatebi naxevrad damarxuli an niadagTan Sereulia. aseTi obieqtebidan 11 sinji iqna aRebuli.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aseT obieqtebze unda Catardes Sesabamisi laboratoriuli Semowmeba da Sefaseba. Tumca, ufro detalur kvlevas mxolod mas Semdeg aqvs azri, rac dabinZurebis wyaro, anu iq arsebuli qimikatebi SeifuTeba da gatanil-iqneba. vizualur dakvirvebasa da laboratoriul analizebze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom dabinZureba qveynis yvela regionSi erTad daaxloebiT 40-45 heqtarzea gavrcelebuli.

aneqsi III warmoadgens pesticidebis inventarizaciis dros aRebuli niadagis sinjebis analizis Sedegebs.

pqb-Ti niadagis dabinZurebis SemTxvevebi gamokvleuli ar yofila. es situacia axsnadia imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom pirveladi inventarizaciisa da sinjebis aRebis dros zeTebis Sedgeniloba ucnobi iyo. dabinZurebis Seswavlis momdevno etapze sasurvelia sinjebis aReba im obieqtebze, sadac pqb-s Semcveli danadgarebi dazianebulia – magaliTad, korozirebuli. pqb-ebiT niadagis dabinZurebis Seswavlis prioritetul siaSi unda Sevides samxedro nawilebis yofili obieqtebic.

igive exeba dioqsinebiT SesaZlod dabinZurebul obieqtebsac. aseTi SeiZleba aRmoCndes dioqsinebis Semcveli qimikatebis – magaliTad xis moZvelebuli tipis damcavi masalebis, anda Zveli, organoqlorirebuli pesticidebis – gamoyenebis adgilebi. rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxnis istoriulad maRali dioqsinebis gafrqvevebis gamo, am qarxnis midamoebic unda Seswavlil-iqnas niadagis sinjebis gamokvleviT.

dRemde Segrovili informacia pirvel nabijs warmoadgens mod-ebis Semcveli qimiuri nivTierebebiT saeWvo obieqtebis niadagis dabinZurebis sakiTxis Rrma da seriozuli Seswavlis saqmeSi. aseTi kvleva Tavisi bunebis gamo srulyofilebas verasodes aRwevs: TiToeuli gazomili monacemi ramdenime kiTxvas badebs, rac Tavis mxriv axal gazomvebs moiTxovs. asea Tu ise, ukve Segrovili monacemebi Semdgomi samuSaos gansasazRvrad sakmarisia. am samuSaos Sesaxeb garkveuli ideebi mocemulia qveTavSi, romelic mimoixilavs mod-ebiT obieqtebis dabinZurebis Sesaxeb arsebul informacias.

mopovebuli monacemebi yuradRebiT unda gaanalizdes geografiuli kartirebisa da SesaZlo wertilovani wyaroebis monacemebis monitoringis gamoyenebiT, raTa dadgenil-iqnas mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebi. es damatebiTi sinjebis aRebas moiTxovs, magram zog SemTxvevaSi SesaZlo varianti SeiZleba iyos wyaros uSualo Semcireba an gawmenda.

narCeni mod-ebi

36

cxadia, yvela gamoaSkaravebuli mod-pesticidi narCenia, radgan isini akrZalulia da vadac didi xnis win aqvT gasuli. raodenobrivi gaTvlebi 2.3.1.3 qveTavSia mocemuli.

rac Seexaba pqb-s, yvela eleqtro-danadgari – transformatori da kondensatori -- arsebuli moqmedi sawarmoebidan aris warmodgenili. gamokvleuli transformatorebis daaxloebiT 10% xmarebisTvis uvargisia da narCens warmoadgens. pirveladi monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom dafiqsirebuli kondensatorebis udidesi nawili umoqmedoa da narCenad unda CaiTvalos.

damafiqrebelia situacia umoqmedo da mitovebul sawarmoebSi. monacemebi ar aris mopovebuli narCen transformatorebsa da kondensatorebze, Seicaven Tu ara isini pqb-s. pqb-s kvlevis momdevno etapze yuradReba unda gamaxvildes aseT, maRali riskis matarebel obieqtebze, romlebic miuwvdomeli ar aris adamianebisa da cxovelebisTvis. amas garda, detalurad unda iqnas gamokvleuli pqb-s SesaZlo Semcveloba didi raodenobiT wredis amomrTvelebSi.

2.4 mod-ebTan dakavSirebuli institutebis SesaZleblobebi

2.4.1 mod-ebis monitoringis sqemebi da maTi dRevandeli funqcionireba

mod-ebiT dabinZurebis seriozuli problemisa da maTi kvebiT jaWvSi Sesvlis safrTxis gaTvaliswinebiT, mod-ebi istoriulad bevri monitoringis sqemis parametrTa Soris iyo Seyvanili.

am sqemebis umetesoba sabWoTa dros iyo Seqmnili da amitom, moicaven im mod-ebs, romlebic 1980-iani wlebis bolosTvis iTvleboda aqtualurad, im droisaTvis sinjebis aRebisa da analizis SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT. amdenad, es damabinZureblebi ZiriTadad ddt-s, mis metabolitebsa da pqb-s warmoadgenen. sxva mod-pesticidebi naklebi intensivobiT gamoiyeneboda da amdenad mxedvelobaSi ar iyo miRebuli. im droisaTvis dioqsinebis problema prioritetulad ar iTvleboda. yvela SemTxvevaSi, dioqsinebis sistematuri monitoringi teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT rTuli iqneboda rogorc im droisaTvis, ise axlac.

dabinZurebis monitoringze pasuxismgebloba saqarTvelos sxvadasxva saministroebs Soris aris gadanawilebuli. yvelaze mniSvnelovani institutebi Tavmoyrilia jandacvis saministroSi – isini pasuxismgeblebi arian adamianebis mod-ebTan Sexebaze, ZiriTadad sakvebisa da wylis meSveobiT – da garemos dacvis saministroSi, romelic pasuxismgebelia garemos (sxvadasxva mediis) dabinZurebaze. gruntis wylebis sakiTxebi exeboda da kvlavac exeba geologiis departamentsac, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva saministros daqvemdebarebaSi iyo, axla ki garemos dacvis saministros ekuTnis.

jandacvis saministro

jandacvis saministros centraluri roli aqvs imis uzrunvelyofaSi, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleobas Sexeba ar hqondes im qimiur nivTierebebTan da qimiur dabinZurebebTan, romlebic zRvrulad dasaSveb

37

normebs aWarbebs. saministroSi centraluri departamenti, romelsac usafrTxoebis normebis dacva evaleboda, warmoadgenda “sanitaruli kontrolis samsaxurs”. es samsaxuri pasuxismgebeli iyo adamianebis Sexebaze sxvadasxva dabinZurebul mediasTan, rogoricaa sakvebi, sasmeli wyali, sarekriacio zonebi (wylebi), sawarmoebisa da soflis meurneobis TanamSromelTa dacva. amJamad saministroSi es samsaxuri gauqmebulia, xolo misi funqciebis nawili gadacemulia soflis meurneobis saministrosTvis.

arsebobs standatrebis seriozuli krebuli, rogorc sinjebis aRebisa da analizisTvis, ise zRvrulad dasSvebi normebis dasadgenad. es standartebi efuZneba Zvel, “gost” standartebs, romlebic zog SemTxvevaSi adgilobrivad aris adaptirebuli. arsebobs daaxloebiT 100 aseTi, adgilobrivad adaptirebuli standarti. Tu aseTi ar arsebobs, maSin ZalaSi rCeba Zveli, “gost” standarti.

sakvebis standartebi eyrdnoba FAO-s saxelmZRvanelo kodeqss. rogorc wesi, saqarTvelos sakvebis standartebi moicavs zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentraciebs ddt-s, misi metabolitebis da pqb-ebisaTvis, iseve rogorc heqsaqloroheqsanisTvis (lindani). magaliTad, ddt-s da pqb-s zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentraciebi axal xorcSi 2.0 mg/kg-a, maSin roca evropul kanonmdeblobaSi es koncentracia 1 mg/kg-s udris.

erTaderTi qimiuri nivTiereba, romelic sasmeli wylis standartebSia Seyvanili, aris ddt, romlisTvisac zRvrulad dasaSvebi koncentraciaa 0.002 mg/l (EU-s Sesabamisi sidide 20-jer naklebia), xolo sasmeli wylis wyarod gamosayenebeli wylebi 0.1 mg/l ddt-s SeiZleba Seicavdnen.

monitoringis sqema normalurad muSaobda daaxloebiT 1996 wlamde. amis Semdeg finansuri mxardaWera Semcirda, ramac gaarTula danadgarebis mimdinare momsaxureba da ganaxleba. dReisaTvis gamoyofili fondebi standartebisa da laboratorisaTvis saWiro qimiuri nivTierebebis SesaZenadac ki ar aris sakmarisi. amis miuxedavad, garkveuli monitoringi mainc mimdinareobs.

sasmeli wylis monitoringis sistemas ar gaaCnia fiqsirebuli adgilmdebareobebi sinjebis asaRebad: yoveldRiurad aseTi adgilmdebareobebis erTiani siidan airCeva TiToeuli regionisTvis 20 wertili. sinjebi aiReba sasmelad gamoyenebuli gruntis wylebis Webidan, sasmeli wylis rezervuarebis siaxloves zedapiruli wylebidan da sarekriacio zonebis zedapiruli wylebidan. es weliwadSi daaxloebiT 45,000-50,000 sinjs Seadgens. aqedan daaxloebiT 15-20% scildeba zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentraciebs.

saubedurod, standartebisa da danadgarebis naklebobis gamo, wylis es nimuSebi mowmdeba mxolod ramdenime SerCeul parametrze, romlebic mod-ebs ar moicavs.

ar arsebobs monacemebi sakveb produqtebSi an sasoflo-sameurneo nawarmSi pesticidebis Semcvelobaze. am monacemebis ararseboba gasakviri ar aris, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT jandacvis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi myofi laboratoriebis mier aseTi analizebis Catarebis amJamindel SesaZleblobebs.

38

garemos dacvis saministro

hidrometeorologiis departamenti

hidrometeorologiis departamentis mier marTuli hidro-meteorologiuri monitoringis qseli faqtiurad moicavs wylebs (zRvis, zedapirul da Tovlis), niadagebsa da sedimentebs, iseve rogorc haers.

dResdReobiT monitoringisa da analizis TvalsazrisiT Zalze cota keTdeba. niadagTan da sedimentebTan dakavSirebuli yovelgvari saqmianoba Sewyvetilia. arsebobs pesticidebis (ddt-s CaTvliT) monitoringis 1980-90-iani wlebis monacemebis didi raodenoba. Tumca, es monacemebi sistematizebuli an rukaze datanili arasodes yofila, raTa niadagebis mod-qimikatebiT dabinZurebis ufro naTeli suraTi Camoyalibebuliyo.

dRes realurad mimdinare erTaderTi samonitoringo saqmianoba wylebs ukavSirdeba. wylis xarisxis monitoringis sistema faqtiurad yvela mniSvnelovan mdinares, nakadulsa da rezervuars moicavs. Zvelad zedapiruli wylebis xarisxi 91 sadgurSi mowmdeboda (133 adgilmdebareobaze). hidro-qimiuri sinjebis aReba xdeboda Savi zRvis auzSi 43 mdinaris, 2 tbisa da 2 rezervuaridan, xolo mdinare mtkvris auzSi – 29 mdinaris, 4 tbisa, 3 rezervuarisa da 2 arxidan. am garemosdacviTi informaciis standartizebuli analizi daiwyo 1976 wlidan. monitoringis ZiriTadi mizani iyo zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebis zogadi suraTis miReba. wylis sinjebis xarisxi mowdeboda 54 nivTierebaze (parametrze).

realurad monitoringis sistema TiTqmis umoqmedoa sinjebis aRebisa da analizisTvis saWiro aparaturis naklebobis, iseve rogorc eleqtroenergiis miwodebaSi xSiri Seferxebebisa da sxva problemebis gamo. ar aris finansebi sinjebis Segrovebisa da Sor manZilze transportirebisTvisac, ris Sedegadac arsebuli 133 adgilmdebareobidan mxolod 15 funqcionirebs.

Segrovili mcire raodenobis sinjebis analizi xdeba rogorc fiziko-qimiur parametrebze, aseve araorganul nivTierebebsa da zogierT mZime metalze. organul dambinZureblebze analizi ar xdeba saWiro saanalizo aparaturis ararsebobis gamo, Tumca aseTi analizebis Catarebis interesi arsebobs. amas garda, ara arsebobs pirdapiri sakanonmdeblo baza zedapiruli wylebis mod-ebze analizisaTvis, radgan garemos dacvis saministros 17.09.96.-iT daTariRebuli #147 brZanebuleba “saqarTveloSi zedapiruli wylebis dabinZurebisagan dacvis regulireba” ar moiTxovs mod-ebze analizs.

sakanalizacio wylebis monitoringis garemosdacviTi nebarTvebis moTxovnebi CamoTvlil dambinZurebelTa parametrebSi mod-ebis klasis arcerT nivTierebas ar moicavs.

39

geologiis departamenti

geologiis departamenti wlebis ganmavlobaSi instituciurad ramdenime erTeulis daqvemdebarebaSi iyo, mogvianebiT ki damoukidebeli statusi miiRo. amJamad is garemos dacvis saministros daqvemdebarebaSia. am organizaciis movaleobaa, Tvalyuri adevnos miwis qerqsa da mis zedapirze mimdinare movlenebs, romelTaganac mod-ebTan mimarTebaSi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa miwisqveSa wylebis xarisxi. iseve rogorc monitoringis ganmaxorcielebel bevr sxva organizacias, geologiis departamentsac wlebis ganmavlobaSi seriozuli biujeti hqonda monitoringisa da kvlevisTvis, romelic am 10 wlis win Sewyda. amjerad es organizacia faqtiurad dafinansebis gareSe funqcionirebs.

miwisqveSa wylebis sinjebis amRebi qseli mTlianobaSi aTasobiT samonitoringo Was moicavda, romlebidanac xdeboda sinjebis analizi im midamoebSi SesaZlo dambinZureblebze. Segrovili monacemebi sistematizebuli iyo rukebze mTeli qveynisaTvis.

monacemebi pesticidebis mosalodnelze met koncentraciebs gviCvenebs ZiriTadad qveynis centralur da samxreT-aRmosavleT regionebSi. amas garda, ramdenime sinjisTvis monacemebi uCvenebs, rom qveynis ramdenime sinjebis asaReb obieqtze pesticidebis koncentracia zRvrulad dasaSveb normebs aWarbebs. zogadad pesticebis dasaSveb koncentraciad miRebulia 0.4mg/l, xolo kerZod ddt-sTvis – 0.002mg/l. aRsaniSnavia, rom es sidide igivea sasmeli wylis xarisxisTvisac.

saerTaSorisod miRebul Sesabamis normebTan SedarebiT es zRvruli koncentraciebi sakmaod maRalia da Tu ufro mkacr moTxovnebs SevusabamebT (romlebic riskebis Sesaxeb Tanamedrove codnisa da usafrTxoebis faqtorebis Sesabamisi iqneba), mosalodnelia, rom zRvrul normebs gacilebiT meti sinji daarRvevs. am monacemTa nawili SesaZloa ukve sakmaod moZvelebuli iyos, magram isini sakmaod naTel miniSnebas iZlvian mod-pesticidebiT yvelaze ufro dabinZurebuli adgilebis Sesaxeb. SesaZlod saukeTeso suraTis misaRebad ki saWiroa sinjebis asaRebi obieqtebidan mowvdili monacemebis Seswavla.

geologiur departaments amJamad miwisqveSa wylebis saanalizo moqmedi laboratoria ar gaaCnia da kerZo laboratoriebis samsaxurs iyenebs Tavisi ucxo damkveTebis, ZiriTadad municipalitetebisTvis saWiro samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad.

soflis meurneobis saministro

soflis meurneobis saministros mod-ebis monitoringTan mimarTebaSi sakmaod SezRuduli funqciebi aqvs.

mcenareTa dacvis departaments, rogorc sasoflo-sameurneo pesticidebis registraciasa da nebarTvebze pasuxismgebels, aseve exeba bazarze pesticidebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofa. am movaleobis Sesrulebas araregularuli xasiaTi aqvs da emyareba pesticidebis sinjebis Segrovebas uSualod gamsaReblebisgan.

40

yvelaze samwuxaro is aris, rom ar xdeba gasayidi punqtebidan pesticidebis sinjebis sistematuri aReba, Zveli monacemebidan ki Cans, rom bazarze gayiduli pesticidebis TiTqmis naxevari ar Seesabameba etiketebs. erTaderTi tipis gazomva, rasac dResdReobiT mcnareTa dacvis departamentis laboratoria asrulebs, aris pesticidebis narCenebis Semowmeba manam, sanam axali aqtiuri nivTierebebis avtorizacias moaxdendes. aseTi sinji weliwadSi daaxloebiT 50 mowmdeba da moicavs rogorc marcvleuls, ise bostneulsa da xils.

2.4.2 mod-ebis monitoringisa da laboratoriuli analizis dRes arsebuli SesaZleblobebis Sefaseba


miuxedavad monitoringisa da sinjebis Semowmebis sakmaod seriozuli gegmebisa, organul dambinZureblebze arcTu bevri sinjis analizi xdeba. cetralur organoebs ar moepovebaT monacemebi arc centraluri wesiT da arc regionul doneze Sesrulebul organuli analizebis Sesaxeb bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi.

es pasiuroba aixsneba ZiriTadad reagentebisa da standartebis SesaZeni da zogjer sinjebis aReba-transportirebisTvis saWiro finansebis naklebobiT. sinjebis aReba kidev ufro gaarTula axali kanonmdeblobis moTxovnam, romlis mixedviTac bazarze gayiduli sakvebis nimuSebis saanalizod asaRebad sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaa saWiro. aseTi moTxovna aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeba momxmarebelTa janmrTelobis dacvis interesebs.

amas garda, roca saqme exeba organuli nivTierebebis analizs, aseTi SesaZlebloba qveyanaSi faqtiurad ar arsebobs. centraluri laboratoriis gaz-qromatografi ar muSaobs da es umoqmedo mdgomareoba rogorc Cans karga xania grZeldeba. jandacvis saministros dRevandeli moTxovnebi wylisa da sakvebis usafrTxoebasTan mimarTebaSi gacilebiT win uswrebs amaze pasuxismgebeli organizaciebis SesaZleblobebs. Tumca SesaZloa saWiro iyos mTlianad sinjebis masalebisa da parametrebis gadamowmeba, mod-ebis monitoringis strategia potenciurad yvelaze ufro dabinZurebul sakveb erTeulebze unda koncentrirdes. es ki moicavs xorcs, mtknari wylebis Tevzs, rZis produqtsa da kvercxs. ddt-sa da mis metabolitebTan erTad gansakuTrebul Seswavlas saWiroebs pqb-ebi.


soflis meurneobis saministros daqvemdebarebul laboratoriebs ar gaaCniaT pesticidebis raodenobrivi analizisTvis saWiro aranairi aparatura da procedurebi. SesaZlebelia mxolod martivi identifikaciis Catareba mcenareTa dacvis departamentis laboratoriaSi, magram arsebuli aparaturiT esec sakmaod rTuli iqneba.

41

laboratoriuli danadgarebi 1980-iani wlebisaa da saanalizo aparatura faqtiurad mTlianad aris moSlili.

odnav ukeTesi situaciaa agraruli radiologiisa da agroekologiis institutSi, sadac ganTavsebulia kargad marTuli magram cudad aRWurvili laboratoria. Tumca am laboratoriaSic ar aris sxvebze ukeTesi danadgarebi, aq arsebuli mcire resursebi maqsimalurad aris gamoyenebuli da mcireoden xelSewyobas saWiroebs kargad funqcionirebisTvis. marTlac SesaZloa Zalze sasurveli iyos mcenareTa dacvis departamentisa da agraruli radiologiisa da agroekologiis institutis ufro mWidro TanamSromloba. kargi SesaZleblobaa Tu agraruli radiologiisa da agroekologiis instituti, aparaturis mcireodeni ganaxleba-gaumjobesebis Semdeg, mcenareTa dacvis departamentisTvis saWiro pesticidebis analizebs Seasrulebs.

garemos dacvis saministro

hidrometeorologiis departaments centraluri laboratoria aqvs TbilisSi. qveynis damoukideblobis Semdeg muSaoba am laboratoriaSic Senelda. Tumca, bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi ucxouri dafinansebiT mimdinare proeqtebma garkveuli mcdeloba ganaxorciela rogorc profesiuli SesaZleblobebis, ise aparaturis gasaumjobeseblad. am mcdelobis Sedegad SekeTda da 2005 wlis zafxulSi Cabarda avto-sinjebis SesaZleblobis mqone gaz-qromatografi. TanamSromlebi sakmaod kompetenturi da mondomebulni Canan maRali xarisxis analizebis Casatareblad.

am xelSewyobis Sedegad laboratoriis SesaZleblobebi sagrZnoblad gaumjobesda, gansakuTrebiT organuli dambinZureblebis raodenobriv analizebTan, kerZod ki mod-ebTan mimarTebaSi. samTavrobo struqturis es axali SesaZlebloba srulad unda iqnas gamoyenebuli ara marto uSualod hidrometeorologiis departamentis movaleobebSi Semavali organuli damabinZureblebis sinjebis saanalizod. es xanmokle RonisZieba SeiZleba gavrceldes gansakuTrebiT wylis sinjebis analizebze, sasmeli da gruntis wylebis CaTvliT.

uaxloes xanebSi regionuli departamentebisgan mod-ebis monitoringSi xelSewyobad mxolod sinjebis SegrovebaSi monawileobiT SeiZleba movelodeT. unda aRiniSnos, rom dResdReobiT regionuli laboratoriebis biujeti sinjebis aReba-transportirebisTvis aucilebel xarjebsac ki ver faravs, rom araferi vTqvaT laboratoriuli xarisxis qimikatebisa da aparaturis movla-patronobis xarjebze. saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces am regionuli laboratoriebis qselis gaumjobesebas. saqarTvelos masStabis qveynisTvis sakmarisi unda iyos strategiulad ganTavsebuli 3-4 laboratoria, Tumca sasurvelia regionul garemosdacviT warmomadgenlobebSi standartuli sinjebis aRebis mcodne TanamSromlebis yola.

samecniero dawesebulebebi

42

zogierT samecniero dawesebulebaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis analizuri da garemosdacviTi qimiis institutSi, sakmaod maRali donis, aparaturiT aRWurvili, laboratoriebi arsebobs.

Tumca samecniero dawesebulebebs TavianTi kvleviTi interesebi aqvT, sworad dagegmvis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia ukeTesi TanamSromloba, gansakuTrebiT sasoflo-sameurneo pesticidebTan mimarTebaSi. saerTo interesis erT-erTi sfero aSkarad SeiZleba iyos niadagis dabinZureba mod-pesticidebiT, potenciurad – pqb-ebiT da sakanalizacio narCenebis sxva damabinZureblebiT, romelic sasoflo-sameurneo niadagebis ganayofierebisTvis gamoiyeneba. Tumca, albaT, samecniero dawesebulebebs monitoringis programaSi mudmivi roli ar unda mieniWos. isini CarTulni unda iyvnen mxolod gansakuTrebuli kvlevebisa da analizebis SesrulebaSi, romlebic Cveulebriv sazogadoebrivi seqtoris dawesebulebebis mier ar sruldeba.

pesticidebis analizebis materialur-teqnikuri baza gaaCnia aseve fizikuri da organuli qimiis instituts.

kerZo seqtori

gasakviri ar aris, rom saqarTveloSi saukeTesod aRWurvili laboratoria kerZo seqtorSia da qarTvel eqsportiorTa asociaciis Sps intersets miekuTneba. es axlad dafuZnebuli laboratoria qarTvel kvebis produqtebis eqsportiorebs daexmareba saeqsporto bazarze moTxovnili sakvebi produqtebis damabinZureblebis analizebis CatarebaSi. aseTi analizebisa da sertificirebis gareSe importiori qveynebi saqarTvelodan eqsportirebul produqts ar miiReben.

es laboratoria aRWurvilia maRali donis saanalizo da sinjebis mosamzadebeli aparaturiT. SeZenili aparatura moicavs Tanamedrove gaz-qromatografs FID da ECD tipis deteqtorebiT, iseve rogorc gaz-qromatograf/mas-speqtrometrs (GC/MS). laboratoriis TanamSromlebs gavlili aqvT sxvadasxva masalis analizisTvis aucilebeli treiningebi, romelsac aparaturis momwodebeli kompaniebi uzrunvelyofen.

Tumca es laboratoria ZiriTadad kerZo eqsportiorebsa da sxva kompaniebs emsaxureba, maTi gaz-qromatografi SesaZloa gamoyenebuli iqnas sinjebis umetesobaSi mod-pesticidebisa da pqb-s Semcvelobis donis gansazRvrisTvisac.

2.5 sazogadoebis gacnobiereba, informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da gavrceleba

2.5.1 sazogadoebis gacnobiereba

Tumca sabWoTa drois saqarTvelos monitoringis zogirTi sqemis parametrebSi mod-ebic Sedioda, mod-ebTan dakavSirebuli zianis Sesaxeb

43

sazogadoebis informirebisaTvis faqtiurad araferi gakeTebula. erTaderTi gamonaklisi iyo ddt-s kampania, roca 70-iani wlebis bolos ddt-s Semcveli pesticidebis didi raodenoba iaRlujis samarxSi ganTavsda da sazogadoeba gaafrTxiles, aRar gamoeyenebinaT ddt, romelic farTod iyo gavrcelebuli “dustis” saxelwodebiT.

mod-ebTan mimarTebaSi sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amaRlebis pirveli seriozuli mcdeloba ganxorcielda “erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis momzadeba Mmdgradi organuli damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb stokholmis konvenciis Sesasruleblad” proeqtis farglebSi. 2004 wlis ivnisis damdegs, fexburTSi evropis Cempionatis dawyebis win evro-2004-saTvis miZRvnili damateba-baneri moTavsda or qarTul gazeTSi. banerebi Seicavda zogad informacias mod-ebis Sesaxeb.

mogvianebiT muSaoba koncentrirda informatorTa informirebaze: 2004 wlis ivnisSi Catarda pirveli seminari mediis warmomadgenlebisaTvis. seminaris mizani iyo mod-ebis Taobaze Jurnalistebis cnobierebis amaRleba. monawileebi iyvnen tele da radio arxebis, gazeTebis, sainformacio saagentoebisa da internet-gamocemebis warmomadgeneli Jurnalistebi. seminaris bolo etapze ukve informirebulma Jurnalistebma monawileoba miiRes rekomendaciebis SemuSavebaSi, romlebic mogvianebiT aisaxa sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amaRlebis strategiaSi.

cnobierebis amaRlebisTvis Catarebuli samuSaoebiT miRweul iqna Semdegi:

♦ qarTul gazeTebSi daibeWda 30-ze meti statia mod-ebis Tematikaze;

♦ televiziis 20-ze met programaSi gadaica Canawerebi mod-ebis zogad da kerZo regionebSi arsebul mdgomareobaze, romlebic sazogadoebas amcnobdnen mod-ebisa da maTTan dakavSirebuli safrTxeebis Sesaxeb.

qarTulma galeream umaspinZla samdRian gamofenas mod-ebis sakiTxebze. gamofena srulad eZRvneboda saqarTvelos regionebSi mod-ebis mdgomareobas da asaxavda proeqtis farglebSi mimdinare samuSaoebs. es movlena eqvsma satelevizio programam da mravalma sagazeTo statiam gaaSuqa. man didi gamoxmaureba hpova sxvadasxva sazogadoebriv jgufebsa da organizaciebSi.

mogvianebiT, 2005 wlis maisSi, gamofena miwveuli iyo bulgareTSi, raTa monawileoba mieRo sofiaSi gamarTul pesticidebis merve saerTaSoriso forumSi. am forumze proeqtis msvlelobis Sesaxeb informacia miewoda 100-ze meti qveynis warmomadgenels.

damTavrda proeqtis farglebSi filmis gadaReba da gadaica saqarTvelos televiziis pirveli arxiT.

Catarda media-konkursi 2004 wlis agvistoSi, xolo gamarjvebulebis dajildoeba gaimarTa 7-9 seqtembers CaqvSi gamarTul Sexvedraze, romelsac mediisa da proeqtis warmomadgenlebis garda eswrebodnen garemos dacvis saministros, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da specialuri komisiis wevrebic.

44

sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis donis Sesafasebeli indikatorebi saqarTveloSi ar SemuSavebula, ase rom am tipis kvleva ar Catarebula. Tumca zemoTCamoTvlil RonisZiebebs Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi (2004-2006) am sferoSi garkveuli progresi miRweulia.

45

2.5.2 informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da gavrceleba aRwerili proeqtis ganxorcielebamde saqarTveloSi momxmareblisTvis xelmisawvdomi informaciuli sistema mod-ebis Sesaxeb ar arsebobda. am mdgomareobis gamosworebis mizniT proeqtis farglebSi Seiqmna mod-ebis monacemTa baza, romelic inventarizaciis ganmavlobaSi mokrebili informaciisa da monacemebisgan Sedgeba. amas garda, Seiqmna geoinformaciuli sistemebis (gis) ramdenime Tematuri ruka, romlebic, monacemTa bazasTan erTad, saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros veb-gverdze unda ganTavsdes, iseve rogorc bazis Semqmneli arasamTavrobo organizaciis – grid-Tbilisis veb-gverdze. monacemTa baza daculi iqneba da periodulad ganaxldeba garemos dacvis saministros mier. bazaSi monacemebis Seyvana da ganaxlebis operaciebi kodiT aris daculi (baza damontaJebulia garemos dacvis saministros garemos integrirebuli marTvis departamentis narCenebisa da qimiuri nivTierebebis marTvis ganyofilebis or kompiuterze). es sistema saSualebas aZlevs momxmarebels, monacemebi moiZios mod-ebis tipebis, wyaroebis an administraciuli erTeulebis mixedviT. Seqmnili gis-rukebi (ix. aneqsi IV) moicavs Semdeg Tematur rukebs (aramarto):

♦ pqb-ebis wyaroebis adgilmdebareoba; ♦ dioqsin/furanebis wyaroebis adgilmdebareoba; ♦ pesticidebis sawyobebis adgilmdebareoba; ♦ pqb-ebiT da/an pesticidebiT dabinZurebuli adgilebi; ♦ pqb-ebis raodenobebis sivrciTi ganawileba qveyanaSi.

46

3.0 erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis miznebi da prioritetebi

3.1 erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis miznebi

ganxiluli erovnuli samoqmedo gegma (esg) 2007–2022 wlebisTvis mravlismomcveli, strategiuli dokumentia. misi mizania SeimuSaos da gaaumjobesos mod-ebis marTvis maqsimalurad efeqturi strategia adamianebis janmrTelobisa da garemos dacvis uzrunvelmyofi mdgradi politikis ganxorcielebis meSveobiT.

mod-ebTan mimarTebaSi erovnuli miznebia:

1. SemuSavdes da ganxorcieldes integrirebuli sakanonmdeblo CarCoebi da instituciuri sitema, biznesis mxardamWeri gegmis CaTvliT, raTa Semcirdes da Tavidan aridebul-iqnas mod-ebis gavlena adamianis janmrTelobasa da garemoze.

2. konvenciis, protokolisa da sxva saerTaSoriso molaparakebebis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofil-iqnas mod-ebiT dabinZurebis mniSvnelovnad Semcireba da gasufTaveba;

3. mod-ebis axali wyaroebis Seqmnis Tavidan asarideblad semuSavdes da ganxorcieldes erovnuli da globaluri donis RonisZiebebi.

3.2 erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis prioritetebi

mod-ebis prioritetuli sakiTxebi dadginda ZiriTad dainteresebul mxareebTan konsultaciiT, UNITAR-is da UNDP/GEF-is mod-ebis proeqtis erToblivi ZalisxmeviT.

prioritetebis dadgenis samuSao Semdegi SedegebiT dasrulda:

1. pesticidebi (vadagasuli pesticidebis narCenebi); 2. pqb (poliqlorirebuli bifenilebi); 3. Tanauri produqtebi (furanebi da dioqsinebi). rac Seexeba zogadi xasiaTis problemebs, prioritetebi ase gadanawilda: ♦ saTanado kanonmdeblobis SemuSaveba mod-ebis Temaze; ♦ riskebis Sefasebisa da avariuli SemTxvevebis marTvis

SesaZleblobebis zrda; ♦ monitoringis sistemis SemuSaveba; ♦ sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amaRlebis efeqturi programebis

SemuSaveba (ganaTleba, monacemTa bazis xelmisawvdomoba da sxva). prioriteti #1 am samuSaos Sedegebis Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva kategoriis mod-ebs Soris pirveli prioriteti miekuTna vadagasul mod pesticidebs. mTlianobaSi pirveladi inventarizaciis Sedegad aRmoCenilia 3,057 tona qimikati, romelTagan 2,700 tona ganTavsebulia iaRlujis pesticidebis samarxze, xolo danarCeni, 357 tona, mTeli qveynis teritoriaze gadanawilebul qimikatebis sawyobebSi. am sawyobebidan aRebuli sinjebis laboratoriuli analizis Sedegebis eqstrapolaciiT dadginda, rom

47

vadagasuli pesticidebis (sul 357 tonis) daaxloebiT 66% mod-ebis Semcvelia. Tumca mod-pesticidebis udidesi sawyobebi ukve Sefasebulia, darCenilia kidev bevri patara sawyobi, romelTa inventarizacia mod-pesticidebis raodenobas kidev savaraudod 50%-iT gazrdis. es inventarizacia maRalprioritetulia, ase rom mod-pesticidebisgan sruli gawmenda 2010 wlisTvis unda damTavrdes. prioriteti #2 meore prioriteti mieniWa pqb-s Semcvel danadgarebsa da narCenebs. pirveladi inventarizaciis Sedegad Semowmda 2130 kompania da dawesebuleba da dafiqsirda 5,482 kondensatori da 15,000-ze meti transformatori.

216 transformatorSi pqb dabinZureba ukve dadasturda, rac mTlianobaSi 632 tona pqb-T dabinZurebul zeTs niSnavs. gamoTvlilia, rom es daaxloebiT mTlianad qveyanaSi arsebuli dabinZurebuli zeTebis daaxloebiT naxevaria.

identificirebulia agreTve daaxloebiT 2,500 pqb-s Semcveli kondensatori, romlebSic dabinZurebuli zeTebis mTliani masa 50 tonas udris. Tumca, gamoTvlilia, rom qveyanaSi kondensatorebis raodenoba gacilebiT metia, daaxloebiT 10,000 erTeulamde, rac 200 tona zeTsa da 600 tona mTlian masas (danadgarebis masis CaTvliT) niSnavs.

prioriteti #3

mesame prioriteti mieniWa mod-ebis Semcvel Tanaur produqtebs, kerZod dioqsin/furanebis gamofrqvevebs. 2004 wlis monacemebis mixedviT, dioqsin/furanebis gamofrqvevebis 80% ukontrolo wvis procesebiT aris warmoqmnili (narCenebis ukontrolo/spontanuri wva da tyis xanZrebi), romelTa udidesi nawili nagavsayrelebze narCenebis ukontrolo /spontanuri wvis Sedegia.

48

1.0 samoqmedo programa

prioritetebi da drois CarCoebi mod-ebis marTvis samoqmedo gegmebi SemuSavda identificirebuli prioritetebis mixedviT, konsultaciebis reJimSi. gegmebi dayofilia mokle, saSualo da grZelvadianad. ToToeuli es samoqmedo gegma Sedgeba miznebis, amocanebis, RonisZiebebis, mosalodneli Sedegebis, pasuxismgebeli mxareebis, drois CarCoebis, daaxloebiTi xarjebisa da finansebis potenciuri wyaroebisgan. zogierTi RonisZiebisTvis Zalze Znelia xarjebis realisturi gamoTvla da es gamoTvlebi individualuri kvlevebis nawili unda gaxdes. moklevadiani samuSaoebi moklevadiani samuSaoebi – saswrafo qmedebebia, romlebic gadaudeblad unda ganxorcieldes, sasurvelia ukve 2007 wels. isini SeiZleba daiwyos esg-s wardgenisa da damtkicebisTanave da SesaZloa daukavSirdes ukve mimdinare samuSaoebs. moklevadiani samuSaoebi gagrZeldeba 2007-2012 wlebSi. pirvel xuT prioritetul sakiTxze muSaobis dawyeba dagegmilia xanmokle vadaSi, ramdenadac isini yvelaze gadaudebel RonisZiebebad aris miCneuli. es RonisZiebebi sxvadasxva tipis gegmebisgan Sedgeba, romlebic iTvaliswinebs: kanonmdeblobis gaumjobesebasa da kanonaRmasrulebeli SesaZleblobebis ganmtkicebas (samoqmedo gegmebi #1 da #2), ramac momdevno samuSaoebis safuZveli unda Seqmnas; yvelaze gadaudebel RonisZiebebs – vadagasuli pesticidebisa da pqb-ebis ganadgurebas (samoqmedo gegmebi #3 da #4). amas mosdevs nagavsayrelebze narCenebis ukontrolo wviT gamowveuli mod-ebis gamofrqvevebis Semcireba da narCenebis samarxebis erovnuli marTvis gegmis ganxorcieleba (samoqmedo gegma #5). informaciis gacvlasTan da mod-ebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebaSi ZiriTadi sazogadoebriv jgufebis CarTvasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebi (meeqvse da meSvide prioritetebi) zogadi xasiaTis sakiTxebia, romlebic mokle, saSualo da grZel vadebSi ganxorcieldeba. amitomac, es samuSaoebi Seyvanilia moklevadian gegmebSic. saSualovadiani samuSaoebi saSualovadiani samuSaoebi 2012 wels unda daiwyos. isini moicavs mod-ebiT dabinZurebuli obieqtebis identificirebasa da marTvas (samoqmedo gegma #8) da monitoringis sistemis SemuSavebas (samoqmedo gegma # 9). grZelvadiani samuSaoebi grZelvadiani samuSaoebi 2017 wels daiwyeba. isini SemuSavebulia mxolod rogorc grZelvadiani perspeqtivis mqone RonisZiebebis strategiuli mimarTulebebi. es samuSaoebi moicavs kvlevas, ganviTarebasa da monitorings.

49

samoqmedo gegma #1: sakanonmdeblo bazisa da instituciuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba

samoqmedo gegmis mizani: qarTuli kanonmdeblobis stokholmis konvenciisa da UNECE-s mod-ebis protokolis moTxovnebisadmi daqvemdebarebis uzrunvelyofa. es gulisxmobs efeqturi meqanizmebis SemuSavebas am moTxovnebis ganxorcielebisaTvis, iseve rogorc konvenciis debulebebisadmi erovnul doneze daqvemdebarebis kontrols.

amocanebis, RonisZiebebis, mosalodneli Sedegebis, pasuxismgebeli organizaciebis, drois CarCoebis, xarjebisa da finansebis potenciuri wyaroebis Sejameba

amocanebi

RonisZiebebiM

mosalodneli SedegebiE

wamyvani da partniori

organizaciebi

mod-ebis samoqmedo gegmis

koordinireba

saministroTaSorisi samuSao

jgufis Seqmna, romelsac

aRmasrulebeli uflebebis

mandati mieniWeba

samoqmedo gegmis efeqturi

ganxorcieleba garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi

resursebis saministro

sakanonmdeblo bazis

sisusteebis analizi –

stokholmis konvencia

1. arsebuli erovnuli

sakanonmdeblo bazis

mimoxilva

2. stokholmis konvenciis

mimoxilva

evrokavSiris

kanonmdeblobis

mixedviT

3. sisuteebis

identificireba

4. strategiis SemuSaveba

sisusteebis

identificirebulia sakanonmdeblo

bazaSi Sesatani cvlilebebi da

SemuSavebulia strategia amis

gansaxorcieleblad

(evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba ukve

srulad Seesabameba stokholmis

konvencias)

saministroTaSorisi samuSao

jgufi

50

dasaZlevad

sakanonmdeblo bazis

SemuSaveba sisusteebis

analizis Sedegebis

Sesabamisad TiToeul

seqtorul saministroSi

1. SemuSavdes axali

kanonebi/regulaciebi

anda daixvewos

arsebuli mod-ebis

sakiTxebis

gaTvaliswinebiT,

evrokavSiris

kanonmdeblobis

Sesabamisad,

sisusteebis analizis

safuZvelze

2. Sefasdes ekonomikuri

danaxarjebi TiToeuli

seqtoruli

kanonmdeblobisaTvis

(narCenebi, qimiuri

nivTierebebi da sxva)

3. TiToeuli seqtoruli

kanonmdeblobisaTvis

Sefasdes gavlena

arsebul instituciur

mdgomareobaze

4. TiToeuli kerZo

kanonmdeblobisaTvis

ganisazRvros

kanonaRmasrulebeli

SesaZleblobebis

xeli Seewyoba SesaZleblobebis

amaRlebis saWiroebebis Sefasebas

gaumjobesdeba seqtoruli

kanonmdebloba da maTSi asaxuli

iqneba evrokavSiris moTxovnebi

garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi



ekonomikis saministro

Sromis, janmrTelobisa da

socialuri dacvis saministro

51

saWiroebebi

kanonis aRsrulebis

koordinirebuli

ganxorcielebis gegmebis

momzadeba

Seiqmnas da dainiSnos kanonis

aRsrulebis gegmebis

ganxorcielebis xelSewyobasa

da monitoringze

pasuxismgebeli erovnuli

erTeuli

qarTuli kanonmdebloba

SesabamisobaSi mova stokholmis

konvenciasTan da kanonmdeblobaSi

Caideba aRsrulebis regulacia




mrewvelobis saministro

Sromis, janmrTelobisa da

socialuri dacvis saministro

gamoTvlili xarjebi 1.4 mln aSS dolari

dafinansebis SesaZlo

wyaroebi

GEF, evro-daxmareba, msoflio banki, bilateruli donorebi

drois ganrigi 2007 - 2010

52

samoqmedo gegma 2: treiningi da kanonmdeblobis aRsrulebis SesaZleblobebis zrda

mizani: Seiqmnas organizaciuli da adamianuri SesaZleblobebi erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi asaxuli stokholmis konvenciis regulaciebis aRsasruleblad centralur da regionul doneze


amocanebi

RonisZiebebiM



organizaciebi

mod-ebis resurs-centris

dafuZneba da SesaZleblobebis

zrda

1. SemuSavdes mod-ebis

resurs-centris

wesdeba da

instituciuri CarCoebi

2. resurs-centrisTvis

momzaddes

organizaciuli

struqtura da mieniWos

Sesabamisi mandati

3. momzaddes resurs-

centris biznes-gegma

moqmedi resurs-centri saministroTaSorisi samuSao

jgufi

qimiuri nivTierebebis reestris

ganaxleba 1. ganxilul-iqnas

qimiuri nibTierebebis

arsebuli

reestri(reestrebi)

2. qimiuri nivTierebebis

saxelmwifo reestri

SesabamisobaSi iqnas

moyvanili

reestrebi Seesabameba

saerTaSoriso standartebs

(IUPAC da CAS)

mod-ebis resurs-centri da garemos

dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis

saministro

53

saerTaSoriso

standartebTan (IUPAC da CAS)

sasazRvro da sabaJo policiis

triningi

sasazRvro da sabaJo

policiis oficrebis

treiningebis, seminarebisa da

adgilze treiningebis

organizeba

sasazRvro kontrolis

/sasazRvro policiis TiToeul

regions eyoleba qimiur

nivTierebebis mcodne erTi

inspeqtori



saministro Sinagan saqmeTa

saministrosTan TanamSromlobiT


resursebis saministros

centraluri da regionuli

warmomadgenlobebis

inspeqtorebis treiningi

garemosdacviTi

kanonmdeblobisTvis

daqvemdebarebis monitoringsa

da kontrolSi

treiningebis, seminarebisa da


organizeba garemosdacviTi

inspeqtoratebisTvis

TiToeul regions eyoleba

qimiur nivTierebebis

kontrolis mcodne erTi

inspeqtori



saministro soflis meurneobis

saministrosTan TanamSromlobiT

gamoTvlili xarjebi 1.0 mln aSS dolari

dafinansebis SesaZlo wyaroebi GEF, evro-daxmareba, msoflio banki, bilateruli donorebi


54

samoqmedo gegma 3: mod-pesticidebi: importi, gamoyeneba da narCenebis ganadgureba

mizani: mod-pesticidebis swori marTva da kontroli


amocanebi

RonisZiebebiM

mosalodneli

SedegebiE

wamyvani da

partniori

organizaciebi

gamoTvlili xarjebi


wyaroebi

drois ganrigi

mod-pesticidebis

detaluri

inventarizacia

(meore faza)

1. Catardes mod-pesticidebis

detaluri inventarizacia

FAO - instruqciebis

Sesabamisad, rogorc

erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis

inventarizaciis gagrZeleba

2. Catardes sinjebis analizi

sufTa mod-ebisa da maTiT

%-uli dabinZurebis

gansasazRvrad

(Tanadafinansebis wilis

dasadgenad)

erTiani

inventarizacia,

romelsac mza

Sedegebi eqneba

narCenebis

kontraqtorebis

tenderze mosawvevad

garemos dacvisa da

bunebrivi resursebis

saministro (soflis

meurneobis

saministrosTan

TanamSromlobiT)

150,000 aSS dolari

GEF 2007 - 2008

pesticidebis

SesafuTi masalebis

menejmenti

dainteresebul mxareTa samuSao

jgufis Seqmna kerZo

industriis mier konteinerebis

menejmentis programis Seqmna-

ganxorcielebisTvis

moqmedi organizacia

carieli

konteinerebis

Segrovebisa da

marTvisaTvis

garemos dacvisa da


saministro soflis

meurneobis

saministrosTan da

pesticidebis

10,000 aSS dolari

kerZo industria

2007

55

industriasTan

TanamSromlobiT

fermerebisa da

fermerebis

asociaciebis

SesaZleblobebis

zrda

1. SemuSavdes pesticidebis

integrirebuli marTvis

programebi

2. Catardes specialuri

treiningebi da cnobierebis

asamaRlebeli samuSaoebi

fermerebisa da fermerebis

asociaciebisaTvis

fermerebis

amaRlebuli

cnobiereba

pesticiedebis

integrirebuli

marTvis saqmeSi

garemos dacvisa da


saministro soflis

meurneobis

saministrosTan da

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebTan

TanamSromlobiT

50,000 aSS dolari

GEF, msoflio banki 2007 - 2009

sademonstracio proeqtebi

pesticidebis mini-

obieqtebze

inventarizacia–

SefuTva-

transportireba-

Senaxva (IRTS-MS)

1. damTavrdes inventarizacia

patara obieqtebis

gasufTavebisaTvis (< 200kg)

2. dafuZndes usafrTxo

droebiTi sawyobi

3. gasufTavdes mcire sawyobi

obieqtebi

4. droebiT ganTavsdes

pesticidebi centralur

sawyobSi

5. treiningi Cautardes da

SesaZleblobebi aumaRldes

erovnul/regionul IRTS

mcire obieqtebis

gasufTavebis

kampaniia

dasrulebulia da

msgavsi samuSaoebis

Casatareblad

Camoyalibebulia

moqmedi efeqturi

struqtura

garemos dacvisa da


saministro soflis

meurneobis

saministrosTan

TanamSromlobiT

300,000 aSS dolari

GEF, evro-daxmareba, msoflio banki,

bilateruli donorebi

2007-2008

56

gunds, aRWurvilobis

uzrunvelyofis CaTvliT

saswrafo zomebi

iaRlujis samarxis

(poligonis)

mdgomareobis

gasaumjobeseblad

miRebul iqnas saswrafo zomebi

iaRlujis samarxis

mdgomareobis

gasaumjobeseblad, rac

gulisxmobs:

1. SeRobvas;

2. dabinZurebuli sadrenaJo

wylebis Tavmoyras

daculi da

usafrTxo samarxi,

romelzec adamianebi

Tavisuflad ver

Sevlen

garemos dacvisa da


saministro

275,000 aSS dolari

GEF/UNDP, erovnuli

biujeti

2007-2008

pesticidebis

ganadgureba da

iaRlujis samarxis

(poligonis)

mdgomareobis

gaumjobeseba

1. Catardes niadagis sacdeli eqskavacia narCenebis Semcvelobis dasadgenad

2. Catardes niadagis

dabinZurebis detaluri

Seswavla

1. Catardes gasufTavebis

SesaZleblobebis Seswavla

2. momzaddes satendero

masalebi gasufTavebis

samuSaoebisTvis da SeirCes

damsufTavebeli samsaxuri

3. Catardes gasufTavebis

samuSaoebi

gasufTavebuli

iaRlujis samarxi;

mod-pesticidebis

Segrovebisa da

poligonis

mdgomareobis

gaumjobesebis

gamocdileba

regionSi

saboloo

gadawyvetilebebi

pesticidebis

ganadgurebis Sesaxeb

SesabamisobaSia

narCenebis marTvis

erovnul gegmasTan

garemos dacvisa da


saministro

momzadeba

750,000 aSS dolari

GEF, evro-daxmareba, msoflio banki,

bilateruli donorebi

2007-2009

samuSaoebi

unda dadgindes

57

gatardes kontraqtiT

gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaoebis

swori marTva da

xelmZRvaneloba

(samoqmedo gegma 5)

pesticidebis

usafrTxo Senaxva

kaxeTis regionSi

1) SemuSavdes pesticidebis

detaluri inventarizacia FAO-

instruqciebis mixedviT

2) SeifuTos da droebiT

ganTavsdes 300 tona pesticidi

da masTan dakavSirebuli

narCeni kaxeTis regionSi

1 kaxeTis

regionSi aRar

arsebobs

vadagasuli

pesticidebis

riskebi

2. gasufTavebulia

5 obieqti

1. pesticidebi

usafrTxod

aris

ganTavsebuli

droebiT

sawyobSi

1. momzadebulia

qarTuli

gundi

pesticidebis

SesafuTad

garemos dacvisa da


saministro soflis

meurneobis

saministrosTan

TanamSromlobiT

360,000 aSS dolari

saxelmwifo biujeti,

niderlandebi (50%)

2006-2007

vadagasuli

pesticidebis

ganadgureba mTeli

qveynis masStabiT

1. SeTanxmdes vadagasuli pesticidebis ganadgurebis stratega

2. momzaddes satendero masalebi gasufTavebis

saboloo

gadawyvetilebebi

pesticidebis

ganadgurebis Sesaxeb

garemos dacvisa da


saministro soflis

meurneobis

momzadeba da samuSaoebis

Catareba

unda dadgindes

58

samuSoebisTvis da SeirCes momsaxure personali:

♦ vadagasuli pesticidebis

xelaxali SefuTvis,

transportirebisa da droebiTi

ganTavsebisTvis

♦ moxdes SefuTuli masalebis

ganadgurebisTvis

transportireba

a. sademonstracio proeqti ((IRTS-

MS)

b. kaxeTis sademonstracio

proeqti

g. qveynis masStabis proeqti

pesticidebis Tavmosayrelad

3. samuSaoebis gatareba

4. kontraqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaoebis swori marTva da xelmZRvaneloba

SesabamisobaSia

narCenebis marTvis

erovnul gegmasTan

(samoqmedo gegma 5)

vadagasuli

pesticidebi

mTlianad

ganadgurebulia

saministrosTan

TanamSromlobiT

59

samoqmedo gegma 4 poliqlorirebuli bifenilebi

mizani: pqb-T gamowveuli riskebis Semcireba adamianebis janmrTelobisa da garemosTvis, pqb-s Semcveli danadgarebisa da narCenebis swori marTviT


amocanebi

RonisZiebebiM

mosalodneli

SedegebiE


organizaciebi

gamoTvlili xarjebi


wyaroebi

drois ganrigi

pqb-ebis

regulirebisa da

marTvis CarCoebis

gaZliereba

1. SemuSavdes kanonmdebloba,

romelic moiTxovs pqb-ebis

usafrTxo marTvas,

etiketirebas da

garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT

usafrTxo ganadgurebas

2. SemuSavdes sawarmoo

danadgarebSi arsebul pqb-ebTan

usafrTxo muSaobis

instruqciebi

3. Catardes treiningebi pqb-ebis

usafrTxo marTvasa da

kanonmdeblobaSi

1. pqb-ebisTvis

miRebulia kerZo

kanonmdebloba

2. SemuSavebulia

teqnikuri

instruqciebi

3. warmoebebi

informirebulia

kanonmdeblobisa da

im nabijebis Sesaxeb,

rac pqb-ebis garemoSi

gamofrqvevasa da

adamianebTan Sexebas

aaridebT

200,000 aSS dolari

GEF, donorebi

2007-2008

detaluri

inventarizacia

1. qveynis masStabiT Catardes

potenciurad pqb-s Semcveli

ganaxlebul

monacemTa bazaze


resursebis saministro da

266,000 aSS dolari

60

(meore faza) danadgarebis

inventarizacia

2. Semowmdes zeTis Semcveli

transformatorebi pqb-ebiT

SesaZlo dabinZurebaze

3. qveynis masStabiT

ganxorcieldes ESM

menejmentis sistema

4. treiningi Cautardes 1-3

erovnul gunds detaluri,

qveynis masStabis

inventarizaciaSi

dafuZnebuli pqb-

Semcveli zeTebis

raodenobisa da pqb-T

dabinZurebuli

danadgarebis

reestri

SemuSavebulia

warmoeba;

mflobelebi, danadgarebTan

da narCenebTan momuSave

personali da sxva CarTuli

mxareebi

GEF, donorebi

2007-2008

pqb-Semcveli

narCenebis

Segrovebis

erovnuli

sistemis Seqmna

1) SemuSavdes pqb- Segrovebis

da dafinansebis sistemebi

2) Seiqmnas pqb-ebis Segrovebis

erovnuli organizacia (an,

alternatiulad, SeirCes

tenderis wesiT)

Seqmnili da

dafinansebulia

Segrovebis erovnuli

sistema

mflobelebi, danadgarTan da

narCenebTan momuSave

personali, sxva ZiriTadi

CarTuli mxareebi

50,000 aSS dolari sawyisi

seminarebisaTvis

pqb-ebis mflobelebi

2008

pqb-Semcveli

danadgarebis

Segrovebisa da

Secvlis

mxardaWera

SemuSavdes saproeqto

winadadebebi pqb-danadgarebis

drouli SecvlisaTvis saWiro

finansuri instrumentebis

dasaxvewad da xeli Seewyos mis

swor gamoyenebas

erovnuli samoqmedo

gegma pqb-ebis

Segrovebisa da

ganadgurebisaTvis



warmoeba

xelSewyoba:

50,000 aSS dolari

kerZo warmoebebi, pqb-ebis

mflobelebi, UNDP/GEF

2008-2009sademonstracio

proeqti “mdgradi

1) 2 droebiTi sawyobi Senobis

dafuZneba

pqb-s

ganadgurebisTvis



3 milioni aSS dolari;

61

SesaZleblobebis

SemuSaveba da pqb-

ebis ganadgureba

sapiloto

regionSi”

2) pqb-s gamanadgurebeli

gundebis dafuZneba da


Catareba

3) moewyos kompaniebisaTvis

pqb-Tan saCvenebeli

mopyrobis demonstracia da

treiningi; aseve –

transformatorebis

dabinZurebisgan

gasufTavebisa da xelaxali

Sevsebis Cveneba

4) droebiT sawyobebSi

Segrovdes da ganadgurdes

100 tona pqb-s Semcveli

kondensatorebi

5) SesaZlo donorebisTvis

Catardes saerTaSoriso

seminari sademonstracio

proeqtis Sedegebis Sesaxeb

aucilebeli

SesaZleblobebi da

infrastruqtura

Seqmnilia da 100

tona pqb

ganadgurebulia;

miRebulia

gakveTilebi da

SeZenilia

gamocdileba qveynis

masStabiT

warmoeba;



personali da sxva ZiriTadi

CarTuli mxareebi

GEF da sxva donorebi, mTavroba

2008-2009

droebiTi

regionuli pqb-

sawyobi Senobebis

dafuZneba

dafuZndes 6 regionuli

droebiTi sawyobi Senoba

dafuZnebulia 6 pqb-

Sesanaxi Senoba



warmoeba;




CarTuli mxareebi

300,000 aSS dolari

donorebi dadgindeba

dsademonstracio proeqtis

msvlelobisas da Semdeg

2009-2010

pqb-ebis da pqb-s

Semcveli

danadgarebis

erovnuli organizaciis mier

organizeba gaukeTdes pqb-ebis

Segrovebas, gawvrTnili

pqb-ebi

ganadgurebulia

qveynis masStabiT



warmoeba;

unda dadgindes detaluri

inventarizaciis

damTavrebis Semdeg

62

Segroveba qveynis

masStabiT

gundebis meSveobiT, anda,

alternatiulad, erovnuli

tenderis gziT




CarTuli mxareebi

(alternatiulad, yvelaferi

SesaZloa kerZo warmoebis

mier gakeTdes)

pqb-ebis mfobelebi,

donorebi

2010-2012

pqb-Semcveli

narCenebis

mocileba da

ganadgureba

1. SemuSavdes satendero

dokumenti, romelic daefuZneba

narCenebis marTvis samoqmedo

gegmiT SerCeul strategias

saboloo saxe aqvs

satendero dokuments,

romelic srulad

Seesabameba narCenebis

marTvis samoqmedo

gegmis strategias

(ix. samoqmedo gegma

5)

pqb-ebi

ganadgurebulia



warmoeba;




CarTuli mxareebi

(alternatiulad, yvelaferi

SesaZloa kerZo warmoebis

mier gakeTdes)

unda dadgindes detaluri

inventarizaciis

damTavrebisa da droebiT

sawyobebSi Segrovebis

pirveli gamocdilebis

Semdeg

pqb-ebis mfobelebi,

ucxoeli donorebi

2010-2012

pqb-ebis

gamomvleni

programis

gagrZeleba

erovnuli

xelisuflebisa da

warmoebebis mier

SemuSavdes da ganxorcieldes

erovnuli 10-20 wliani gegma

pqb-ebis gamovlenisaTvis

pqb-Semcveli

danadgarebis axali

danadgarebiT Secvla

erovnuli

kanonmdeblobisa da

samoqmedo gegmis

Sesabamisad



warmoebasTan

TanamSromlobiT

da sxva ZiriTadi CarTuli

mxareebi

unda dadgindes pqb-

Semcveli narCenebis

mocilebisa da

ganadgurebis Semdeg

pqb-ebis mfobelebi,

donorebi

2012-2022

63

samoqmedo gegma 5: Tanauri produqtebis gamofrqvevebis Semcireba

mizani: garemoSi mod-gamofrqvevebis Semcireba da nagavsayrelebidan gamofrqvevebis mniSvnelovani Semcireba, anu mod-ebis janmrTelobasa da garemoze gavlenis riskebis Tavidan arideba/minimizeba


amocanebi

RonisZiebebiM

mosalodneli

SedegebiE

wamyvani da

partniori

organizaciebi

gamoTvlili xarjebi


wyaroebi

drois ganrigi

CarTul mxareTa

erovnuli komitetis

dafuZneba, romelic

gaaerTianebs yvela

saministros da

regionul

mmarTvelobebs

narCenebis ganTavsebis

obieqtebidan mod-ebis

gamofrqvevebis Semcirebis

samuSaoebis koordinireba

koordinirebuli

iniciativebi

narCenebis

ganTavsebis

obieqtebidan mod-

ebis gamofrqvevebis

SemcirebisaTvis

garemos dacvisa da


saministro (regionul

da adgilobriv

mmarTvelobebTan, kerZo

warmoebasTan da sxva

Sesabamis

partniorebTan

TanamSromlobiT)

50,000 aSS dolari

saxelmwifo biujeti

2007-2012

narCenebis marTvis

erovnuli

strategiisa da

ganxorcielebis

gegmis SemuSaveba

yvelanairi

narCenisaTvis, mod-

ebis CaTvliT

1) Catardes mTlianobaSi

narCenebis

inventarizacia/Sefaseba

(saxifaTo narCenebis CaTvliT)

2) SemuSavdes strategia

narCenebis Segrovebisa da

ganadgurebisaTvis (saxifaTo

narCenebis CaTvliT)

3) Catardes narCenebis

narCenebis marTvis

dagegmvis CarCoebi

SemuSavebulia

garemos dacvisa da



da adgilobriv



Sesabamis

partniorebTan

TanamSromlobiT)

200,000 aSS dolari

UNDP/ CexeTis

rwmunebulTa fondi

bilateruli donorebi

2007-2008

64

ganadgurebis variantebis

garemosdacviTi analizi da

SeirCes SesaZlo variantebi

(saxifaTo narCenebis CaTvliT)

4) damuSavdes narCenebis marTvis

ganxorcielebis gegma,

teqnikuri, organizaciuli,

garemosdacviTi, ekonomikuri da

finansuri mizanSewonilobis

gaTvaliswinebiT

nagavsayreli

samarxebis marTvis

erovnuli programis

SemuSaveba

sademonstracio programaze (ix.

qvemoT) dayrdnobiT;

1. dasruldes

nagavsayrelebis

marTvis samoqmedo

gegmis Sedgena

2. daigegmos mcire

nagavsayrelebis

daxurva

3. daigegmos ramdenime

regionuli daonis

nagavsayrelis

mowyoba

dioqsin-furanebis

Semcirebuli

famofrqvevebi

garemos dacvisa da



da adgilobriv



Sesabamis

partniorebTan

TanamSromlobiT)

350,000 aSS dolari

GEF, evrodaxmareba,, msoflio banki,

bilateruli donorebi

2007-2008

sademonstracio proeqtebi

koncefciis

SemuSaveba

nagavsayrelis

konkretuli mizniT

(Ria cecxlTan

brZolis)

1) SeirCes 5 Sesabamisi

nagavsayreli erT regionSi

2) dainergos sasargeblo

narCenebis nakadebis

gamoyofis RonisZiebebi, maT

wyaroebSi an nagavsayrelze

sapiloto

nagavsayrelebze Ria

cecxli Sewyvetilia

demonstrirebuli

swori merTvis

gamoyenebiT

garemos dacvisa da


saministro

regionuli

mmarTvelobebi da

1,350,000 aSS dolari

evrodaxmareba, UNIDO, msoflio banki,

bilateruli daxmareba

65

mowesrigebis

gegmisaTvis

mitanamde

3) dafuZndes/xeli Seewyos

municipaluri narCenebis

Segrovebas, raTa Tavidan

iqnas aridebuli Ria wesiR

wva adgilebze

4) miRebul-iqnas saswrafo

zomebi SerCeul 5

nagavsayrelze

5) treiningi Cautardes

TanamSromlebs

(maswavleblebis ganswavla)

danergilia

narCenebis separacia

sapiloto regionSi

(qalaqSi) narCenebis

Segrovebis sistema

gaZlierebulia

momzadebulia 25-50

TanamSromeli,

romelTac sxva

nagavsayrelebis

TanamSromlebis

treiningi SeuZliaT

qveynis masStabiT

municipalitetebi adgilobrivi

mmarTvelobebis wili:

TanamSromlebis

xelfasebi, danadgarebisa

da sawvavis xarjebi

2007-2008

sademonstracio

nagavsayrelis

dizainis sapiloto

proeqtis

ganxorcieleba da

nagavsayrelis

Semogarenis

daxurvis gegmis

SemuSaveba

1. Sesabamisi parametrebis

identificireba

2. dizaini, tenderi da samsaxuris

daqiraveba

3. daxurvis gegmis SemuSaveba

narCenebis

ganadgurebis

regionul doneze

gadawyvetis

koncefcia

garemos dacvisa da


saministro

adgilobrivi

mmarTvelobebi

250,000 aSS dolari

evrodaxmareba, UNIDO, msoflio banki,

bilateruli daxmareba

2007-2008

sademonstracio

nagavsayrelis ageba

da misi Semogarenis

daxurva

aigos sademonstracio

nagavsayreli da daixuros misi

Semogareni

SemuSavebulia

narCenebis

ganadgurebis

problemis

gadawyveta

garemos dacvisa da


saministro

adgilobrivi

mmarTvelobebi

dasadgenia

evrodaxmareba, msoflio

banki, EBRD, EIB, bilateruli daxmareba

2009-2011

66

samoqmedo gegma 6: informaciis gavrceleba da ZiriTadi socialuri jgufebis CarTva

mizani: SemuSavdes informaciis gacvlis efeqturi sistema erovnul, regionul da saerTaSoriso doneebze, aseve – mod-ebTan dakavSirebuli problemebisa da riskebis Semcirebis RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebaSi ZiriTadi socialuri jgufebis CarTvis meqanizmebi.


amocanebi

RonisZiebebiM

mosalodneli

SedegebiE

wamyvani da

partniori

organizaciebi

gamoTvlili

xarjebi

(aSS

dolari)

dafinansebis

SesaZlo

wyaroebi

drois ganrigi

mod-ebis resurs-

centris

sakomunikacio da

sainformacio

kampania (ix.

agreTve samoqmedo

gegma 1)

dafuZndes informaciis

gacvlis sistema

Segrovdes informacia

mod-ebze da waredginos

konvenciis sekretariatsa

da evrosabWos

sakoordinacio centrs;

miiRos da gaavrcelos

informacia konvenciis

sekretariatidan da

evrosabWos

sakoordinacio

centridan da

koordinireba gauwios

yvela CarTuli mxaris

monawileobas

mod-ebis resurs-

centri

dafuZnebulia da

komunikacia

qarTul

sazogadoebasTan da

CarTul mxareebTan

dawyebulia

mod-ebis Sesaxeb

informacia

regularulad

ganaxldeba

garemos dacvisa da

bunebrivi

resursebis

saministro sxva

CarTul mxareebTan

erTad, rogoricaa:

ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis

saministro,

regionuli

mmarTvelobebi,

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebi

50,000 saxelmwifo

biujeti

GEF

2007-2012

67

mod-ebis Sesaxeb

informaciis

miwodeba

saqarTveloSi

yvela CarTuli

mxarisaTvis

3. mod-ebis

Sesaxeb

informacia

gavrceldes

mTlianad

sazogadoebaS

i da kerZo

CarTul

mxareebSi,

arasamTavrob

o da

samecniero

organizacieb

Si

4. daarsdes

saskolo da

studenturi

internet-

forumebi.

xeli Seewyos

informaciis

gacvlas CarTul

mxareebs Soris

amRlebulia mTlianad

sazogadoebis

cnobiereba mod-ebis

Sesaxeb

daarsebulia saskolo

da studenturi

internet-forumebi

dafuZnebulia

informaciis gacvlis

platforma

saministroebi:

garemos dacvis,

ganaTlebis,

sazogadoebriv

saqmeTa

50,000 GEF,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012

68

mod-ebis sakiTxebze

gadawyvetilebebis

miRebaSi

sazogadoebis

CarTvisaTvis

xelSewyoba

dafuZndes

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebisa da

CarTuli mxareebis

qseli

vadagasuli

pesticidebis, pqb-ebis da

sxva mod-ebis

ganadgurebis

programebis swrafi

dawyebis garantia

garemos dacvisa da

bunebrivi

resursebis

saministro,

regionuli

mmarTvelobebi,

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebi

25000 GEF,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012

soflis

mosaxleobis

CarTvisaTvis

xelSewyoba

dafuZndes

pesticidebis

sasoflo qselebi

mod-ebis moqmedi

sasoflo qseli

regionuli

mmarTvelobebi da

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebi

10,000 GEF,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012

soflad

pesticidebis

alternatiuli

gamoyenebis

prevenciuli

programebis

xelSewyoba

soflad dafuZndes

organuli

produqtebis

warmoebis qseli da

Seiqmnas sakvebi

produqtebis

xarisxis

gaumjobesebis

programa

dafuZnebulia fermerTa

qseli organuli

sakvebis sawarmoeblad

garemos dacvisa da

bunebrivi

resursebis

saministro,

soflis meurneobis

saministro,

fermerTa

asociaciebi

15000 msoflio

banki,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi,

saxelmwifo

biujeti

2007-2012

69

samoqmedo gegma 7: mod-ebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis, codnisa da informaciis donis amaRleba

mizani: amaRldes qarTuli sazogadoebis codnis done mod-ebisa da maTi adamianis janmrTelobasa da garemoze gavlenis Sesaxeb, rac Seamcirebs adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad mod-ebiT dabinZurebas da xels Seuwyobs garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT gamarTlebul saqmianobebs


amocanebi

RonisZiebebiM

mosalodneli

SedegebiE

wamyvani da

partniori

organizaciebi

gamoTvlili

xarjebi

(aSS

dolari)

dafinansebis

SesaZlo

wyaroebi

drois ganrigi

adamianis

janmrTelobasa da

garemoze

gavlenebis Sesaxeb

codnis donis

amaRleba

SemuSavdes

sainformacio

furclebi mod-

pesticidebis Sesaxeb

soflis mosaxleobisa

da fermerebisaTvis

mod-pesticidebis

Sesaxeb soflis

mosaxleobis

amaRlebuli

cnobiereba

garemos dacvisa da

bunebrivi

resursebis

saministro,

soflis meurneobis

saministro,

jandacvis

saministro

10,000 GEF,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi,

fremerTa

asociaciebi,

pesticidebis

industria

2007-2012

SemuSavdes

sainformacio

furclebi pqb-ebis

Sesaxeb eleqtro-

kompaniebisTvis da pqb-

ebTan momuSave

personalisTvis

warmoebebSi pqb-ebis

Sesaxeb codnis

amaRleba

garemos dacvisa da

bunebrivi

resursebis

saministro,

eleqtro-kompaniebi

10,000 saerTaSoriso

donorebi,

saxelmwifo

biujeti,

kerZo

warmoebebi,

sawarmoo

gaerTianebebi

2007-2012

70

SemuSavdes

sainformacio

furclebi

nagavsayrelebidan

dioqsinebis

gamfrqvevebis Sesaxeb

mTlianad

sazogadoebis

amaRlebuli

cnobiereba warmoebis

Tanauri mod-ebis

Sesaxeb

garemos dacvisa da

bunebrivi

resursebis

saministro,

municipalitetebi

da regionuli

mmarTvelobebi

10,000 GEF,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi,

2007-2012

Catardes sainformacio

kampania da darigdes

beWdviTi masalebi

eqimebs Soris;

organizebul-iqnas

seminarebi samedicino

sazogadoebisa da

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis

monawileobiT

eqimebis mod-ebis

Sesaxeb codnis

amaRlebuli done

garemos dacvis

saministro

jandacvis

saministro

20,000 GEF,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi,

2007-2012



beWdviTi masalebi

soflad, fermerul

organizaciebSi;

organizebul-iqnas

seminarebi fermeruli

asociaciebisa da

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis

monawileobiT

fermerebisa da

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis

codnis amaRlebuli

done

soflis meurneobis

saministro

20,000 GEF,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012

71



beWdviTi masalebi

nagavsayrelebis

siaxloves mcxovreb

mosaxleobis jgufebSi;

organizebul-iqnas

seminarebi skolis

maswavleblebis

monawileobiT

adgilobrivi

mosaxleobisa da

skolis

TanamSromelTa

amaRlebuli


Tanauri mod-ebis

Sesaxeb

garemos dacvis

saministro

ganaTlebis

saministro

jandacvis

saministro

20,000 GEF,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012



beWdviTi

masalebiskolebsa da

universitetebSi;

organizebul-iqnas

seminarebi samecniero

dawesebulebebis

monawileobiT

samecniero

sazogadoebis

amaRlebuli


Tanauri mod-ebis

Sesaxeb

ganaTlebis

saministro

20,000 GEF,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012


kampania masmediisTvis

mTlianad

sazogadoebis

amaRlebuli

cnobiereba

garemos dacvis

saministro

50,000 GEF,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012

dafuZndes veb-gverdi

saministroebis,

regionul da

municipalur doneze

mod-ebis Sesaxeb

informacia

xelmisawvdomia

internetze

garemos dacvis

saministro

10,000 GEF,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012

codnis donis

amaRleba


kampania da gavrceldes

warmoebebis da

samecniero

ekonomikis

saministro,

20000 GEF, 2007-2012

72

garemosdacviTi

TvalsazrisiT

gamarTlebuli

saqmianobis Sesaxeb

beWdviTi masalebi

warmoebebSi;

organizebul-iqnas

seminarebi

garemosdacviTi

TvalsazrisiT

gamarTlebuli

teqnologiebis Sesaxeb

samecniero

dawesebulebebisa da

warmoebebis

warmomadgenlebis

monawileobiT

dawesebulebebis

warmomadgenlebis

codnis amaRlebuli

done garemosdacviTi

TvalsazrisiT

gamarTlebuli

saqmianobebis Sesaxeb

industriuli

mimarTulebis

organizaciebi,

garemos dacvisa da

jandacvis

saministroebi

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

73

samoqmedo gegma 8: mod-ebiT dabinZurebuli wertilebis idendifikacia da menejmenti

mizani: saqarTveloSi mod-ebiT dabinZurebuli obieqtebiT gamowveuli riskebis Semcireba specialuri treiningebis, sademonstracio da obieqtebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis programis danergviT


amocanebi

RonisZiebebiM

mosalodneli

SedegebiE

wamyvani da

partniori

organizaciebi

gamoTvlili

xarjebi

(aSS dolari)

dafinansebis

SesaZlo wyaroebi drois

ganrigi

mitovebuli

sawyobebis

detaluri

inventarizaciis

Sedegebis Tavmoyra

gaxorcieldes

sawvrTneli programa

niadagisa da gruntis

wylebis adgilze

kvlevis meTodebze,

sinjebis aRebis, riskebis

Sefasebis,

prioritetetbis dasaxvis

da sxva standartuli

procedurebis CaTvliT;

aRiWurvos 3

erovnul/regionuli

niadagis sakvlevi

erTeuli

3 moqmedi niadagis

sakvlevi gundi;

3 aRWurvili

erovnul/regionuli

niadagis sakvlevi

gundi. es gundi

ZiriTad rols

Seasrulebs mod-

ebis da SemdgomSi

sxva

dambinZureblebis

erovnuli kvleviTi

gegmis SemuSavebaSi

garemos

dacvis

saministro +

regionuli

mmarTvelobebi

200,000 GEF, saxelmwifo

biujeti,

sawarmoo miwis

mflobelebi,

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2013-2014

Seiqmnas mod-ebiT

dabinZurebuli

obieqtebis monacemTa

baza (romelic Semdeg

sxva dambinZureblebiT

Seivseba)

garemos dacvis

saministros

centralur da

regionul

warmomadgenlobebS

i xelmisawvdomi

garemos

dacvis

saministro

mrewvelobis

saministrosTa

n erTad


biujeti,

sawarmoo miwis

mflobelebi,

saerTaSoriso

2013-2014

74

moqmedi monacemTa

baza

donorebi

evrogaerTianeba

Sefasdes vadagasuli

pesticidebisa da pqb-ebis

obieqtebi, saidanac

narCenebi gatanil-iqna

xelmisawvdomia

informacia

vadagasuli

pesticidebisa da

pqb-ebis obieqtebis

Sesaxeb, saidanac

narCenebi gatanilia

da Sedgenilia im

obieqtebis

prioritetuli sia,

romelTa

mdgomareobis

gaumjobeseba

igegmeba

garemos

dacvis

saministro

mrewvelobis

saministrosTa

n erTad


biujeti,

sawarmoo miwis

mflobelebi,

donorebi,

evrogaerTianeba

2013-2014

mod-ebiT

dabinZurebuli

niadagis

gasufTavebis

programis

finansuri CarCoebis

SemuSaveba

sazogadoebasTan kerZo

partniorobis reJimSi

SemuSavdes

‘dambinZurebeli ixdis’

principi (PPP) mod-ebis gasufTavebis

programisaTvis

SemuSavebulia

‘dambinZurebeli

ixdis’ principze

dafuZnebuli

finansuri CarCoebi

garemos

dacvis

saministro

yvela

CarTuli mxare


biujeti,

sawarmoo miwis

mflobelebi,

donorebi,

evrogaerTianeba

2013-2015

sademonstracio

programis

ganxorcieleba

dabinZurebuli

obieqtebis

gasufTavebis

teqnologiebis

1. Catardes 5

prioritetuli obieqtis

srulmasStabiani

Sefaseba

2. ganxilul-iqnas

saerTaSorisod

miRebuli gasufTavebis

SerCeuli

gasufTavebis

teqnologiebi

garemos

dacvis

saministro

samecniero

organizaciebi


biujeti +

sawarmoo miwis

mflobelebi +

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2013

75

dasanergad teqnologiebi da

Sefasdes maTi

mizanSewoniloba

SerCeuli

obieqtebisaTvis

3. SemuSavdes erovnuli

sapiloto

gamaumjobesebeli

proeqti 5 prioritetuli

obieqtisaTvis

investorebi

regionuli

mmarTvelobebi

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebi

evrogaerTianeba

ganxorcieldes 5

sapiloto proeqti da

daisaxos strategia

sazogadoebis

monawileobis

procesisaTvis (agreTve

samoqmedo gegma 6)

SeZenilia

gamocdileba da

SemuSavebulia

saproeqto

winadadeba

sazogadoebis

monawileobisTis

garemos

dacvis

saministro

regionuli

mmarTvelobebi

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebi

1,000,000 GEF, saxelmwifo

biujeti +

sawarmoo miwis

mflobelebi +

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

evrogaerTianeba: 1

obieqti

dafinansdes

evrogaerTianebis

erTi konkretuli

qveynis mier

2013-2017

sazogadoebrivi

kampaniebi mTlianad

sazogadoebisa da

municipalitetebis

cnobierebis donis

asamaRleblad mod-ebiT

dabinZurebuli

obieqtebis Sesaxeb

sazogadoebisa da

municipalitetebis

mod-ebiT

dabinZurebuli

obieqtebis Sesaxeb

codnis amaRlebuli

done

garemos

dacvis

saministro

regionuli

mmarTvelobebi

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebi


biujeti +

sawarmoo miwis

mflobelebi +

saerTaSoriso

donorebi

evrogaerTianeba

2013-2017

76

gavrceldes dabinZurebuli obieqtebis gasufTavebis programebi sxva obieqtebze

gasufTavebuli

obieqtebi qveynis

masStabiT

garemos

dacvis

saministro +

ganmaxorciele

beli

organizacia +

yvela

CarTuli mxare

unda

dadgindes

mod-ebis demo-

programis

Sefasebis

Semdeg

saxelmwifo

biujeti +

mrewveloba

(‘dambinZurebeli

ixdis’ principze

dayrdnobiT)

2017 da

Semdeg

77

samoqmedo gegma 9: monitoringis sistemis Seqmna

mizani: garemosa da janmrTelobis dacvis organizaciebs waredginos garemoSi, sakveb produqtebsa da adamianis organizmSi mod-ebis

koncentraciebis Sesaxeb monacemebi, garemosa da adamianebis janmrTelobis efeqturad dacvis RonisZiebebi da NIP-Si Setanili

RonisZiebebis efeqturobis Sefaseba


amocanebi

RonisZiebebiM


wamyvani da

partniori

organizaciebi

gamoTvlili

xarjebi

(aSS dolari)

dafinansebis

SesaZlo

wyaroebi

drois ganrigi

SemuSavdes da

ganxorcieldes

wylisa da sakvebi

produqtebis

sinjebis programa

mod-ebisaTvis

ganxilul-iqnas mod-

ebis sinjebisa da

analizis arsebuli

saxelmZRvanelo

masalebi da

Semowmdes maTi

Sesabamisoba

saerTaSoriso

normebTan

SemuSavebulia

rekomendaciebi sinjebisa

da analizis

saxelmZRvanelo

masalebisSesaxeb,

romlebic SesabamisobaSia

‘mxareTa SeTanxmebis’

rekomendaciebTan

garemos

dacvis

saministro

10,000 GEF saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012

gaanalizdes wyalze

da sakveb

produqtebze

istoriuli

monitoringis

monacemebi

istoriuli monacemebis

dasrulebuli Sefaseba

garemos

dacvis

saministro

soflis

meurneobis

saministro


donorebi

2007-2012

wylisa da sakvebi

produqtebis sinjebis

aRebis gegma


donorebi

2007-2012

78

SeZenil-iqnas

sinjebis asaRebi da

laboratoriuli

mowyobiloba

sinjebis asaRebi

mowyobiloba SeZenilia

300,000 saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012

treiningi Cautardes

TanamSromlebs

sinjebis aRebasa da

analizSi

sinjebis aRebis treiningi

Catarebulia;

sinjebis amRebi gundi

momzadebulia


donorebi

2007-2012

gaices qvekontraqti

sasmeli wylis

monitoringze

mimdinareobs sasmeli

wylis monitoringis

programa

jandacvis

saministro


donorebi 2007-2012

kontraqti daidos

sakvebi produqtebisa

da janmrTelobis

monitoringze

mimdinareobs sakvebi

produqtebisa da

janmrTelobis

monitoringis programa

jandacvis

saministro


donorebi

2007-2012

kontraqti daidos

(pesticidebisaTvis)

sabazro sinjebis

identifikaciaze

Pmimdinareobs

pesticidebis sabazro

sinjebis identifikaciis

programa

soflis

meurneobis

saministro

50,000 saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012

kontraqti daidos

(kerZo seqtorTan)

kvlevisaTvis, mod-

ebis monitoringze

gamaxvilebuli

yuradRebiT

mimdinareobsT kvlevis

programa mod-ebis

monitoringze

gamaxvilebuli

yuradRebiT

samecniero

seqtori; kerZo

seqtori

80,000 saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2007-2012

79

samTavrobo

organizaciebis

SesaZleblobebis

amaRleba

SemuSavdes sakvebisa

da wylis

monitoringis

SesaZlebloba

samTavrobo

organizaciebSi da

ganaxldes erTi

laboratoria

jandacvis

saministroSi

monitoringis

gaZlierebuli

SesaZlebloba:

xelmisawvdomia

mowyobiloba da

personali


donorebi

2007-2012

SemuSavdes

pesticidebis

identifikaciis

SesaZlebloba

samTavrobo

organizaciebSi da

ganaxldes erTi

laboratoria

pesticidebis

identifikaciis

gaZlierebuli

SesaZlebloba:

xelmisawvdomia

mowyobiloba da

personali


donorebi

2007-2012

Seiqmnas mod-ebis

regionuli

monitoringis

SesaZlebloba

garemosdacviTi

sinjebis asaRebad da

ganaxldes 2-3

regionuli

garemosdacviTi

laboratoria mod-

ebis

monitoringisTvis

Seqmnilia mod-ebis

regionuli monitoringis

SesaZlebloba

garemosdacviTi sinjebis

asaRebad (arsebobs

mowyobiloba da

personali 3 regionul

laboratoriaSi)


donorebi

2013-2018

80

Seiqmnas mod-ebis

regionuli

monitoringis

SesaZlebloba

sakvebisa da sasmeli

wylis sinjebisaTvis:

ganaxldes 3-4

regionuli jandacvis

laboratoria mod-

ebis

monitoringisTvis

arsebobs mod-ebis

regionuli monitoringis

SesaZlebloba sakvebisa da

sasmeli wylisaTvis 3-4

regionul jandacvis

laboratoriaSi

500,000 50% GEF saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2013-2018

sinjebis aReba 500,000 saerTaSoriso

donorebi

2013-2018

81

samoqmedo gegma 10: kvleva

mizani: mod-ebis kvleva-ganviTarebis xelSewyoba

Tumca es programa didad aris damokidebuli samoqmedo gegma 9-is – monitoringis sistemis Seqmnis – progresze, mainc ganisazRvra

ramdenime saSualo da grZelvadiani RonisZieba. kvlevis gegmis detalebis dadgena damokidebulia monitoringis sistemis Seqmnis gegmis

ganxorcielebis tempze.


amocanebi

RonisZiebebiM



organizaciebi

cnobierebis amaRleba da

samecniero sazogadoebisTvis

xelSewyoba mod-ebis

saWiroebebze orientirebul

kvlevasa da ganviTarebaSi;

TanamSromlobis sqemebisTvis

xelSewyoba

organizeba gaukeTdes

saerTaSoriso /regonuli

konferenciebs, romlebic

mod-ebze kvlevasac moicavs

erovnul da regionul

programebSi

ganviTardes “sufTa”

teqnologiebi

Camoyalibdes mod-ebis kvlevis

erovnuli da regionuli

programebi

ganviTarebuli da danergilia

“sufTa” teqnologiebi



mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis saministro

samrewvelo asociaciebi

mod-ebis kvlevis dafinansebis

programebis dafuZneba

organizeba gaukeTdes

donorebis konferencias

kvlevis programebis

dafinansebis mosapoveblad

dafuZnebulia kvleviTi

programa (dafinansebis

garantirebuli wyaroebiT)



mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis saministro

samecniero organizaciebi

kvleva da gamoTvlebi mod-

ebis garemoze da

janmrTelobaze gavlenebis

Sesaxeb

ganisazRvros mod-ebis

(pesticidebis, pqb-ebis da

dioqsinebis) koncntraciebi

garemoSi. Catardes

epidemiologiuri kvleva

mosaxleobis jgufebze,

gamoTvlilia mod-ebis

(pesticidebis, pqb-ebis da

dioqsinebis) gavlenebi

garemoze da janmrTelobaze




mrewvelobis saministro

82

romlebzec yvelaze metia

mod-ebis gavlena

samrewvelo asociaciebi

gamoTvlili xarjebi 1.0 mlnUaSS dolariD


wyaroebi

evrodaxmareba, msoflio banki, bilateruli donorebi, ekologiuri fondebi


83

aneqsi 1. saqarTveloSi Segrovil saanalizo nimuSebSi pesticidebis procentuli Semcvelobebi

# sinjis aRebis TariRi

adgilmdebareoba adgilis nomeri

sinjis nomeri

aRebuli nimuSis tipi

aRmoCenili pesticidis saxeoba

nimuSSi pesticidis

% SeniSvna

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 10.07.04 duSeTis r-ni

s.Suaxevi 1 1.1

ucnobi Sereuli

ar aRmoCnda

-

2 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 1.2 ‘’-‘’ heptaqlori 20 3 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 1.3 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 20

4 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 1.4 ‘’-‘’ ar

aRmoCnda -

5 21.08.04 wnori, sof.qimiis

sawyobi 1 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ -

6 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 1.1 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ - 7 20.08.04 ‘’-‘’ 1 1.2 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ - 8 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 1.3 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ - 9 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 1.4 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ - 10 19.08.04 ‘’-‘’ 1 1.5 ‘’-‘’ heptaqlori 5

11 18.08.04 wnori, sof.qimiis

sawyobi 1 1.6 ‘’-‘’

ar aRmoCnda

-

12 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 1.7 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ - 13 17.08.04 ‘’-‘’ 1 1.9 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ - 14 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 1.10 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ - 15 18.08.04 wnori 2 2.8 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ - 16 16.08.04 ‘’-‘’ 2 2.11 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ -

17 18.04.05 q.Telavi 1 1.1 ‘’-‘’ γ -ГХЦГ 10 100 kg

84

“aCinebuli”1

18 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 1.2 ‘’-‘’ γ -ГХЦГ 5 300 kg

19 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 1.3 ‘’-‘’ γ -ГХЦГ 7 200 kg

20 20.04.05 ‘’-‘’ 1 1.4 ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ 10 ≈50 kg

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

21 20.04.05 q.Telavi

“aCinebuli”1 1 1.5 ucnobi Sereuli

α ,γ -ГХЦГ heptaqlori

20 10

≈ 30 kg

22 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 1.6 ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ 5 ≈80 kg 23 09.09.04 kaspi, sof.okami 4 4.1 ‘’-‘’ ДДЕ, ДДТ 5; 5 4-5 t 24 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 4.2 ‘’-‘’ ДДЕ, ДДТ 5; 7 25 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 4.3 ‘’-‘’ ДДЕ 5 26 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 4.4 ‘’-‘’ ДДЕ, ДДТ 3; 5 4-5 t

27 20.09.04 mcxeTis r-ni,

saguramo 2 2.1 ‘’-‘’

ar aRmoCnda

-

28 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 2.2 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ - 29 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 2.3 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ - 30 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 2.5 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ -

31 09.09.04 kaspis r-ni,

sof.qvemo Wala 0.5 0.5(1) ‘’-‘’ ГХЦГ 5 ≈ 300 kg

32 27.08.04 xaSuris r-ni,

sof.ali 6 ‘’-‘’

α -ГХЦГ γ -ГХЦГ

heptaqlori

5 10 10

150 kg

33 27.08.04 ‘’-‘’ 7 ‘’-‘’ α -ГХЦГ γ -ГХЦГ

heptaqlori

5 5 5

50 t

34 25.08.04 xaSuri, sakolmeur-

neo bazari ‘’-‘’ ДДТ 20

35 20.08.04 xaSuri, d.surami 1 1.1 ‘’-‘’ ДДТ 1 36 23.08.04 xaSuri, sof.xcisi 3 3.1 ‘’-‘’ ДДТ 5 37 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 3 3.3 ‘’-‘’ ar -

85

aRmoCnda

38 21.08.04 xaSuri, sof.wromi 2 2.2 ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ 5

39 31.08.04 qareli r-ni 06 06(1) ‘’-‘’ heptaqlori 5 200 kg 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

40 31.08.04 qareli, yazbegis q. 07 07(1) ucnobi Sereuli

α ,γ -ГХЦГ heptaqlori

ДДЕ

20 5 30

10 t

41 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 07(2) ‘’-‘’ α -ГХЦГ γ -ГХЦГ ДДЕ

5 30 20

‘’-‘’

42 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 07(3) ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ

heptaqlori10 5 ‘’-‘’

43 43.08.04 q.gori (vet.afTiaqi) 09 09(09) ‘’-‘’ ar

aRmoCnda -

44 07.09.04 q.gori,

sof.mejvrisxevi 03 03(1) ‘’-‘’

α -ГХЦГ γ -ГХЦГ

heptaqlori

20 30 10

≈ 1 t

45 10.09.04 q.gori, wmindawylis dasaxleba (yofili biolaborat. sawy.)

‘’-‘’

α ,γ -ГХЦГ

35 ≈500 kg

46 12.08.04 ozurgeTi, besikis

#87 2 ‘’-‘’

ar aRmoCnda

-

47 26.08.04 tabakini 7 7.1 ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ

ДДТ10 20

48 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 7.2 ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ 30

49 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 7 7.3 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ -

50 05.08.05 axalcixe

sof.ivlita 1 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ -

51 ‘’-‘’ axalcixe, sof.qimia 2 ‘’-‘’ ДДЕ 1 52 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 3 ‘’-‘’ α -ГХЦГ 5

86

heptaqloriДДТ

3 1

53 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 1 ar aRmoC. - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

54 05.08.05 axalcixe sof.ivlita

2 ar

aRmoCnda - -

55 ‘’-‘’ axalcixe, sof.qimia 2 ‘’-‘’ - - 56 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 3 ‘’-‘’ heptaqlori 10

57 08.08.05 qobuleTi, Coloqi 1 ‘’-‘’ heptaqlori

ДДЕ5 5

1500 kg 2000 kg

58 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 2 ucnobi Sereuli

ДДД 10 1200 kg

59 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 3 ‘’-‘’ ДДД

heptaqlori55 ≈70 kg

60 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 4 ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ 5

61 ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 6 ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ

heptaqloriДДЕ

10 5 10

62 25,08,04 samtredia,xoravas q. 4 4(1) ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ 10

‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ 4 4(.3) ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ 20

63 26.08.04 zestafoni, qv.saqara 5 5(2) ‘’-‘’ ar

aRmoCnda -

64 09.07.04 q.baTumi, leoniZis

q.#7 17 17(3) ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ 25 ≈500 kg

65 ‘’-‘’ iaRlujas samarxi 1 ‘’-‘’ α -ГХЦГ

heptaqlori10 10

66 ‘’-‘’ iaRluja 3 ‘’-‘’ - -

67 02.09.04 vani, sof.yumuri 10 2 ‘’-‘’ γ -ГХЦГ 20

68 17.08.04 wyaltubo, muxiani 3 ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ 20

69 ‘’-‘’ sof.gomi, sawyobi ‘’-‘’ α -ГХЦГ 5

87

γ -ГХЦГ ДДЕ

10 3

70 07.02.05 bolnisi,

sof.bolnisi, xaCini 9 9.1

ucnobi Sereuli

γ -ГХЦГ 20

71 ‘’-‘’ xaSuri, wromi ‘’-‘’ α ,γ -ГХЦГ

heptaqlori5

qimikatebis 70 nimuSidan 21-sTvis Sesabamisi pesticidebis raodenobebi miTiTebulia da es raodenoba sul 77 tonas udris. Aam nimuSebidan 28 sufTa mod-ebi an mod-ebis Semcveli pesicidebis narevebia, masiT 75.7 tona. kidev 15 sinji mxolod heqsaqloroheqsans Seicavs, xolo darCenili 27 nimuSi mod-pesticidebis kvals ar uCvenebs. Pesticidebis masebi 49 sinjis asaRebi adgilisTvis cnobili ar aris. nimuSebis daaxloebiT 35% mod-ebis Semcvelia, xolo kidev 20% heqsaqloroheqsans Seicavs. Pis pesticidebi ki romelTa masebi cnobilia, praqtikulad mTlianad mod-ebis Semcvelia. amdenad, gamoTvlilia, rom mTlianobaSi, vadagasuli pesticidebis 66% mod-ebis Semcvelia. am monacemebs Semdgomi kvlevebiT dadastureba sWirdeba.

88

aneqsi II. transformatoris zeTebis sinjebSi pqb-s analizis Sedegebi N sinjis aRebis adgilmdebareoba mTliani konc. μg/kg 1 mcxeTa-mTianeTi 147.0 2 Sida qarTli 160.0 3 samcxe-javaxeTi 141.0 4 samcxe-javaxeTi 161.0 5 samcxe-javaxeTi 176.0 6 samcxe-javaxeTi 146.0 7 samcxe-javaxeTi 197.0 8 kaxeTi 484.0 9 AaWara 551.6 10 AaWara 724.4 11 AaWara 968.0 12 qvemo qarTli 302.9 13 qvemo qarTli 330.5 14 qvemo qarTli 599.6 15 xaSuri 619.0 16 KhashurxaSurii 459.0 17 imereTi 573.0 18 PfoTi 497.0 19 samegrelo-zemo svaneTi 502.0 20 Kqvemo svaneTi, LleCxumi 584.0 21 Kqvemo svaneTi, LleCxumi 569.0 22 Kqvemo svaneTi, LleCxumi 637.0 23 Kqvemo svaneTi, LleCxumi 638.0 24 Kqvemo svaneTi, LleCxumi 618.0 25 raWa 538.0 26 raWa 606.0 27 raWa 426.0 28 raWa 491.0 29 Tbilisi 970.0 30 Tbilisi 844.0 31 Mmejvrisxevi 205.0 32 Ggori 335.0 33 mcxeTa-mTianeTi 152.0 34 Bbolnisi 195.0 35 surami 256.0 36 baTumi, navT. 442.0 37 foTi 286.0 38 baTumi, navT. 229.0 39 nosiri 376.0 40 lentexi 271.0 41 raWa-ximSi 354.0 42 imereTi-boslevi 529.0 43 zestafoni-lilikauri 440.0 44 Tbilisi 444.0 45 mejvrisxevi 527.0

89

aneqsi III niadagis mod-ebiT dabinZurebis analizi

1. 20.05.05 Telavi (simindi)

niadagi

ГХЦГ heptaqlo

ri ДДЕ

0.4 ppm 0.31 ppm 0.33 ppm

4 zdk 6 zdk 3.3 zdk

2. ‘’-‘’ Telavi ‘’-‘’ ГХЦГ ДДЕ

0.7 ppm 0.25 ppm

7 zdk 2.5 zdk

3. ‘’-‘’ Telavi (venaxi)

‘’-‘’ ГХЦГ ДДЕ

0.055 ppm 0.083 ppm

< zdk < zdk

4. ‘’-‘’ dedofliswya

ro, 1-mzesumzira

‘’-‘’ ГХЦГ 0.05 ppm < zdk

5. ‘’-‘’ dedofliswya

ro, 2 ‘’-‘’ ГХЦГ

ДДЕ0.4 ppm 0.5 ppm

4 zdk 5 zdk

6.

‘’-‘’ dedofliswyaro

‘’-‘’ ГХЦГ ДДЕ

0.1 ppm 0.67 ppm

zdk 6.7 zdk

7 axalcixe (soflis sawyobi)

‘’-‘’ ГХЦГ 0.45 ppm 4.5 zdk

8. 08.07.04 baTumi,

leoniZe #17 ‘’-‘’

ГХЦГ heptaqlo

ri

0.15 ppm 14.1 ppm

1.5 zdk 280 zdk

9. 16.07.04 qobuleTi (Coloqi)

‘’-‘’

ГХЦГ heptaqlo

ri ДДЕ

1.65 ppm 6.25 ppm 4.17 ppm

16.5 zdk 125 zdk 14.7 zdk

10 15.08.04 qsani ‘’-‘’ ГХЦГ ДДЕ ДДТ

6.3 ppm 1.92 ppm 4.46 ppm

63 zdk 19.2 zdk 44.6 zdk

11. ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ ‘’-‘’ ГХЦГ ДДЕ ДДТ

3.5 ppm 0.5 ppm 0.71 ppm

35 zdk 5 zdk 7.1 zdk

90

aneqsi IV. rukebi, diagramebi

mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebi - momxmarebeli.gemomxmarebeli.ge/images/file_033319.pdf ·...

Documents

Transcript of mdgradi organuli damabinZureblebi - momxmarebeli.gemomxmarebeli.ge/images/file_033319.pdf ·...