saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia

#8, seqtemberi, 2018

u w y e b e b iena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba _ ojaxi, zneoba, tradicia

codna, ganaTleba, ganswavla _ erTguleba, siyvaruli, Tanadgoma

a k a d e m i i s

nawilakTa fizika mikrosam-yaros fizikaa, mecniereba niv-Tierebis aRnagobasa da mate-riis Tvisebebze Sida bir Tvul doneze, procesebze, romlebic xdeba areebSi, maxasiaTebeli zomebiT ara umetes 10-13 sm-isa. ama ve dros igi aris mecniere-ba Cveni samyaros yvelaze zo-gad principebsa da kanonebze. rogorc aRniSnavda akademikosi l. okuni: „am mecnierebis done gansazRvravs Cvens garSemo ar-sebul samyaros gagebis dones da kacobriobis inteleqtual-uri simwifis dones“.

realurad nawilakTa fizi ka, rogorc mecniereba, warmoiqmna me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi, Tum-ca mis warmoSobas win uZRoda warmodgenebis xangrZlivi gan-viTareba nivTiere bis aRnagobis Sesaxeb, dawye buli me-5 sauku-neSi Cvens we lTaRricxvamde (levkipi da demokrite).

mravali kvlevebis Sedegeb-ma da tragikulma faqtebma ato-muri bombis afeTqebis Sedegad (xirosima-nagasaki), kacobrioba miiyvana daskvnamde, rom birT-vuli kvlevebi ar SeiZleba yo-filiyo romelime zesaxelmwi-fos prerogativa, igi ekuTvnoda

mTel kacobriobas. amitom gad-awyda (meore samamulo omis Sem-deg) qveynebi gaerTianebuli-yvnen erToblivi kvlevebisTvis.

am mizniT 1954 w. Jenevis max-loblad (Sveicariisa da sa-frangeTis sazRvarze), Seiqm-na birTvuli kvlevebis centri (saxelwodebiT cern-i), romel-Sic Tavdapirvelad gaerTianebu-li iyo evropis 10 kapitalistu-ri qveyana. 1956 w-s cern-isTvis konkurenciis gasawevad Seiqmna socialisturi qveynebis gaer-Tianeba daaxloebiT igive saxel-wodebiT da msgavsi TematikiT. saqarTvelo masSi monawileobda jer rogorc sabWoTa respub-lika, xolo Semdeg, 1993 wlidan, igi gamoiyo calke, damoukideb-el qveynad.

am saerTaSoriso insti tu-tebis kvlevebis areali iyo msgav si, rasac mohyva arsebu-li politikuri zRvrebis waSla da institutebis daaxloveba, rac TandaTanobiT gadaizarda srul urTierTgagebasa da er-Tobliv kvlevebSi, romlebsac dResdReobiT di di samecniero Sedegebi moaqvT.

qarTveli fizikosebis cern-Tan ur TierToba gasuli sau-kunis 60-ian wlebSi daiwyo. 1963 w-s sabWoTa fizikosebis de legaciis wevrebs Soris iyo akademikosi albert TavxeliZe, romelmac waradgina moxseneba Teoriuli fizikis ganyofile-baSi.

pirveli, cern-Si didi xniT miwveuli eqsperimentatori ga-x l daT giorgi Ciqovani, ro me-lic sakmarisad mokle dro Si saTaveSi Caudga prof. mag liCis jgufs da miaRwia mni Svnelovan warmatebebs.

Cveni kontaqtebi cern-Tan TandaTan farTovdebo da da sul male g. Ciqovanis Semdeg

cern-Si gamoCnda vla dimer ro-iniSvili, romelsac garkveuli pauzis Semdeg SeuerTdnen ax-algazrda fizikosebi: vaxtang qarTveli Svili, evgeni Ciqovani, nana jaoSvili, cota mogvi-anebiT gia dvali da mravali sxva. magram, samwuxarod, yvela es kontaqtebi dafuZnebuli iyo individualur rekomendacieb-ze, da Cven dagvWirda sakmaod xangrZlivi cda, vidre daide-boda oficialuri SeTanxmeba cern-sa da saqarTvelos mTav-robas Soris.

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg _ misma Semadgenelma respublikebma, romlebic da-moukidebeli qveynebi gaxd-nen da fizikisa da maTematikis sakmarisad maRali donis sko-lebi gaaCndaT, cern-Tan kon-taqtebis damoukideblad Zebna daiwyes.

es periodi ar iyo martivi saqarTvelosTvis (ekonomiku-ri, politikuri daZabulo-bis, me cnierebisadmi special-uri da mokidebulebis, da sxva mizezebis gamo). magram, RvTis wyalobiT, gamoCnda mecnierTa jgufi mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentis akad. albert Tav-xeliZis, parlamentis wevris da ganaTlebis da mecnierebis sapa-rlamento komitetis Tavmjdom-aris akad. nodar amaRlobelis da sxvaTa monawileobiT, rom-lebic fiqrobdnen, rom msof-lio mecnierebisgan izolacia momakvdinebeli iq ne boda qvey-nisTvis, da maT daiwyes mcde-loba yvelanairi gziT qveyanaSi mecnierebis mxar dasaWerad.

meores mxriv, TiTqmis imave dros gadawyda cern-Si axali didi adronuli kolaideris ageba LHC, rekordul energieb-ze (14 tev-i) da umaRlesi na-TebadobisTvis (≈ 1034sm_2wm_1).

rogor iwyeboda CERN-Tan urTierToba

prof. jemal xubua

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i2

ram deni me didi eqsperimenti ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, LHCB (da ramdenime ufro patara) iqna da gegmili gadamfaravi da, im periodisaTvis, yovelive cno-bilis miRmieri gansxvavebuli fi zikuri amocanebis kvlevis-aTvis.

LHC-s samecniero prog-ra mis Sesasruleblad Seiqmna aucilebloba umaRlesi kval-ifikaciis eqspertebis momza-debisa da Semdgomi ganaTlebi-sa, raSic giganturi roli iTa maSa meore saerTaSoriso centrma _ q. dubnis birTvuli kvlevebis gaerTianebulma in-stitutma (JINR-bkgi).

saqarTvelos, rogorc sab-WoTa kavSiris wevr respub li-kas, dubnis institutTan jer kidev manamde hqonda mWid ro kontaqtebi vidre is, 1956 wels, saerTaSoriso organiza cia gax-deboda. dubnis insti tutSi mi-iRes ganaTleba da momzaddnen umaRlesi rangis fizikosTa pleadebi, romle bic bkgi-s kv-levebSi praqtiku lad yvela mimarTulebiT mo nawileobdnen.

amrigad, saqarTvelo bkgi-s kvlevebSi monawileobda, jer rogorc ssrk-s wevri respub-lika, mere ki, 1993 wlis mar-tidan, rogorc damoukidebeli wevri-qveyana. ase, rom dubnis institutTan mWidro kavSire-bisa da Semdgom misi wevro-bis gamo, saqarTvelo araso-des ganicdida umaRlesi klasis mecnierebis naklebobas didi saerTaSoriso proeqtebis Ses-asruleblad.

imave 1993 wels Sedga pir-veli pirdapiri mola pa rakebebi ATLAS da CMS eqs pe rimentebSi qarTveli fi zi kosebis monawi-leobis Se sa xeb, romel mac ga-dawy vita, rom ATLAS-eqsperimen-tSi sa qar Tve lo damoukidebeli qvey nis sta tusiT CaerTvebo-da, xolo CMS-eqsperimentSi mo nawi le obas dubnis institu-tis monawile qveynebis gaer-Tianebul blokis (RDMS) xaziT miiRebda.

ase da amgvarad, ori qa-rTuli instituti: Tbilisis sax. universitetis maRali en-

ergiebis fizikis instituti da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis fizikis instituti, 1994 wlis seqtemberSi gaxda ATLAS-kolaboraciis srulu-flebiani da damoukidebeli wev-ri, saerTo saxeliT „Tbi lisi“. am institutebis inte resebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ma Ti warmo-madgenlebi aqtiurad Caer Tnen atlasis ori sxvada sxva qve-de-teqtoris agebis samuSaoebSi: _ miuonuri sis temis, fizikis in-stitutis gundis da _ adro-nuli kalorimetris, maRali energiebis institutis pasux-ismgeblobis qveS.

yvela es samuSaoebi Cata-rebul iqna swored dubnasa da cern-Si, magram qarTveli eqpertebis uSualo da mniS-vnelovani monawileobiT kalo-rimetrebisa da miuonuri komp-leqsis SeqmnaSi.

amave dros, orive insti-tutis warmomadgenlebisgan Se dga gaerTianebuli jgufi, ro melic CaerTo monacemTa an-alizis problemebSi: maTemati-kur simulaciebSi (modelireba) da eqsperimentalur monacemTa SeswavlaSi; iseTi iSviaTi pro-cesebis kvlevaSi, rogoricaa

top-kvarkis specialuri (iSvia-Ti) daSlebi; supersimetriuli efeqtebis gamosavlen kvleveb-Si; Zalzed maRali simravleebis SeswavlaSi da sxva.

saWiroa aRiniSnos, rom am jgufma, arc Tu ise martiv pi-robebSi, gmirobis tolfa si, TbilisisTvis (da mTeli qve-ynisTvis!) umniSvnelovanesi Sro-ma gaswia. qarTuli jgufis (Tam-ar jobava, leila Ciqovani da maia mosiZe) mier miRebuli yvela monacemi da Sedegi, Semdeg Tanx-mdeboda cern-el kolegebTan da moixsenieboda cern-Si.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniS na -via q-n Tamar jobavas fas da-u de beli Sroma, rogorc sa-mecniero, aseve peda go gi uri mxriTac. man Tavis ir gvliv Semoikriba axalgazrda studen-tebis jgufi, romle bic ukve dResve awarmoeben samecniero kvlevebs umaRles doneze, maT Soris, gansaku TrebiT aRsan-iSnavia doqtorantebi arCil durgliSvili, Ta mar zaqareiS-vili da sxvebi romelebic dRes warmoadgenen ATLAS-kolabo-raciis ucvlel wevrebs.

aRniSnulma eqsperimentma, moipova ra sayovelTao dain-

sur. 1

#8, seqtemberi, 2018 3

tereseba axalgazrdebs Soris, Seasrula Tavisi misia Semdgomi Taobis fizikosTa dainterese-bisa da momzadebis saqmeSi.

aRniSnuli samuSaoebis da maTi Semsruleblebis Camo-naTvali motanilia 1 da 2 su-raTebze.

rogorc aRvniSneT, Cvens urTierTobas cern-Tan xangr-Zlivi istoria gaaCnda. samwux-arod, mas fragmentuli, sare-komendacio datvirTva hqonda da kerZo xasiaTs atarebda. ma-gram kontaqtebis mudmivad ga-farToebam, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam da unikalur LHC manqanasTan dakavSirebuli ax-ali samecniero programebis warmoqmnam SesaZlebeli gaxada saqarTvelo-cern-is pirveli SeTanxmebis gaformeba, romel-sac xels awerdnen saqarTvelos imdroindeli (1996) preziden-ti e. SevardnaZe da cern-is generaluri direqtori prof. levelin-smiti. aseve gaform-da atlas kolaboraciaSi saqa-rTvelos monawileobis konk-retuli pirobebi, rasac xeli moawera saqarTvelos mecniere-baTa akademiis imdroindelma prezidentma akad. a. TavxeliZem da eqsperiment atlasis xelmZ-Rvanelma prof. piter ienim.

TandaTanobiT saqarTve-lo-cern-is urTierTobam ga-farToeba daiwyo da cern-is samecniero programa Si uf ro meti sxvadasxva ins tituti Caer-

To. axalma realobam mxareebs Soris axa li, xelSekrulebis dadebis aucilebloba ganap-iroba. da marTlac, 2008 w., saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris moadg-ilis nodar surgulaZis (im droisaTvis mecniereba ganaT-lebis saministros daqvemde-barebaSi gadavida) da cernis imJamindeli direqtoris r. aimaris mier xelmoweril iqna axali SeTanxmeba.

amJamad organizaciaTa ga-far Toebuli sia, romle bic Ta-na mSromloben cern-Tan, mo icavs: 1. maRali energiebis fi zikis in-stituts (Tsu); 2. e. andronik-aSvilis sax. fizikis instituts (Tsu); 3. iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbi lisis saxelmwifo univer-sitets (Tsu); 4. saqarTvelos teqnikur universitets (stu); 5. kompiuteruli dizainis cen-trs, (stu); 6. i.WavWavaZis sax. universitets; 7. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros; 8. saqarTvelos rusTavelis sax. mecnierebis fonds.

saqarTvelos mecnierTa ga -er Tianebuli gundis xelmZR-vaneli da warmomadgeneli at-las eqsperimentSi, 1994 wli dan 2016-mde iyo prof. jemal xu-bua, xolo 2016 wli dan, prof. irakli minaSvi li.

qarTveli fizikosebis kav-Sirs Jenevis birTvuli kvleve-bis evropul centrTan (cern-i), rogorc iTqva, safuZveli Cau-yara akademikosma a. TavxeliZem

(1963 wels), romelmac, imyofe-boda ra sabWoTa fizikosebis delegaciis SemadgenlobaSi, ramdenime moxseneba waikiTxa cern-is Teoriuli fizikis gan-yofilebaSi. pirveli Tbilisi-dan cern Si, b. magliCis jguf-Si, samuSaod miwveuli fizikosi eqsperimentatori iyo saqa-rTvelos mecnierebaTa aka-demiis fizikis institutis TanamSromeli g. Ciqovani. am droisTvis fizikis instituti cnobili iyo Tavisi SromebiT nawilakebis gazuri ganmuxtvis deteqtorebis Seqmnis saqmeSi. g. Ciqovanma swrafad moipova cern-is fizikosebis keTilganwyoba dakvirvebulo bis, Sromisunari-anobisa da ko munikabelurobis xarjze. misi xelmZRvanelo-biT cernSi Se iqmna farTeRre-Coiani (широкозазорный) naper-wkluri kamerebi, eqsperiment CBS-isTvis (cern-is bozonu-ri speqtrometri), informaciis magnitostriqciuli moxs niT. im drois fizikosebs kar gad axsovT kamerebis mxia ruli tka-cuni SPS amaCqareblis eqsperi-mentalur zonaSi, romelic amc-nobda irgvliv myofT, rogorc SPS, aseve CBS-is warmatebul muSaobas.

1969 wels, g. Ciqovani v. ro-iniSvilma Secvala. 1970 wels is CBS-jgufTan erTad, v. kinclis xelmZRvanelobiT, na perwklu-ri kamerebis gasau mjobese bel cern-ser puxovos erTobliv eqs perimentSi Ca erTo. sxvaTa

sur. 2

danadgar ATLAS-is saerTo sqema

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i4

Soris, v. roiniSvili cern-Tan bolo wlebamde war matebiT Ta-namSromlobda.

80-iani wlebis bolodan dRe-vandlamde, saqarTvelos kav-Siri cern-Tan sul uf ro far-Tovdeba, qarTveli fi zikosebi xdebian, rogorc mo qmedi, aseve momavlis eqs perimentebis monaw-ileni (del fi, atlasi, CMS da a. S.). ufro metic, Cveni Tana-memamule vladimer kekeliZe eqsperiment NA28-s xelmZRvan-eli gaxda, xolo Cvens yvelaze warmosaCen fizikoss, gia dvals (niu-iorkis universitetis pro-fesors), sul cota xnis win hum-boltis premia mieniWa.

1994 wlis seqtemberSi saqa-rTvelo, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisa da mecniereba-Ta akademiis fizikis institu-tis bazaze, oficialurad iqna miRebuli atlas-kolaboraciis wevr-qveyanad da dRemde monaw-ileobas Rebulobs danadgaris SeqmnaSi, eqsploataciaSi da programiT gaTvaliswinebul fizikur kvlevebSi.

am TanamSromlobam daiwyo mzadeba CERN-is did adro-nul amaCqarebelze (LHC) mra valmiznobrivi eqsperi-me n tisTvis ATLAS-i proton-pro tonuli urTierTqme de bis Se sas wavlad 14 tev-ze.

ATLAS-danadgaris deteq-torebis parametrebi saSuale-

bas iZlevian Catardes kvlevebi mosalodneli fizikuri pro-cesebis farTo wris da mis miR-ma, axali, moulodneli fiziku-ri movlenebis areebSi.

tradiciulad keTilganwyo-bili samecniero urTierTobe-bi q. dubnis birTvuli kvleve-bis gaerTianebul institutTan (ОИЯИ) (ruseTi), daexmara qa-rTul gunds warmatebul Ta-namSromlobaSi ОИЯИ-saqarT-velo-CERN samkuTxedis sqemiT danadgar ATLAS-is erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilis _ adronu-li ta il-kalorimetris SeqmnaSi.

proeqtis moTxovnilebe-bi am, msoflioSi udidesi, ka-lori metrisadmi sakmaod mka-cri iyo, rogorc meqanikuri awyobis, aseve garCevis unaria-nobis (kerZod, Wavlis energe-tikuli ga r Cevisunarianobis da energetikuli wrfivobis ±2%) mimarT.

am miznebisTvis dubnaSi Seiqmna da gamoyenebul iq na eqv-si metris sigrZis, 20 toniani modulebis awyobis lazeruli kontrolis meTodika (gaTvli-li 50μm sizusteze), romelic axal sityvad iqca metrologi-aSi. igi iZleoda saerTaSoriso valdebulebebis Sesrulebis ga-rantias: 2002 w. 3 ivliss, Tanax-mad valdebulebisa, ad ronuli tail-kalorimetris bolo, 65-e moduli gadaigzavna CERN-Si,

sadac dagegmili iyo danad-garis saboloo awyoba.

gadawyvita ra kalorimet-ris centraluro nawi-lis modulebis preciziuli awyobis rTuli mecnierul-te-qnikuri amocana, TanamSrom-lobam Semdgom, eqsperimen-talurad, tes tur seansebSi, moaxdina kalo rimetris parame-trebis (gar Cevisunarianoba da wrfivoba) proqtul fizikur sidideeb Tan Sesabamisobis de-mon st rireba, amiT aRniSnuli kalorimetri Cadga msgavsi ti-pis yvelaze zusti danadgare-bis ricxvSi.

sagangebod unda gaesvas xazi samecniero centrebisa da sawarmoebis muSebis, teqnikose-bis, inJinrebisa da fizikosebis didi koleqtivis erToblivi muSaobis gansakuTrebul efeq-turobas, rac gamoixata mod-ulebis awyobis unikaluri sainJinro-teqnikuri amocanis Sesrulebasa da CERN-Si maT droul gadagzavnaSi.

Semdgomi samuSaoebi ukve CERN-Si, dedamiwis zedapi-ridan 100 m siRrmeSi mdebare ATLAS-is eqsperimentul darba-zSi gagrZelda da, 2007 wlisT-vis, adronuli kalorimetris centraluri nawilis awyoba, romelic Cveni fizikosebis up-iratesi monawileobiT mimdin-areobda, praqtikulad dam-Tavrda.

da bolos, minda xazi gavus-va im faqts, rom miuxedavad Cveni qveynisTvis mZime perio-disa, Cvenma mTavrobam cern-Tan xelSekrulebis ga gr ZelebiT Tavisi mxardaWera ga moxa-ta fun damenturi mecniere-bis kvle vebisadmi, romlebic mniSvnelovnad gansazRvraven qveya naSi inteleqtualur kli-mats, iseve, rogorc saerTod saqarT velos adgils civilize-bul samyaroSi.

qarTveli mecnie rebi kvla-vac agrZeleben samecniero kvle vebs atlas danadgarze. es eqsperimenti, romlisganac Cven axal aRmoCenebs moveliT, sa-varaudod, kidev 30 wels gas-tans.

qarTveli specialistebis siamayis obieqti _ danadgar ATLAS-kalori-metris centraluri nawili.

#8, seqtemberi, 2018 5

irakli Jordania - metalurgiis metri

2018 wlis 28 aprils 87 wlis

asakSi gardaicvala gamoCenili mecnieri da sazogado moRvawe akademikosi irakli Jordania.

batonma irakli Jordaniam xandazmuli asakis miuxedavad, bolomde SeinarCuna momxibvle-li aRnagoba da axalgazrduli ieri. amitom am qveynidan misi wasvla sruliad moulodneli da Tavzardamcemi aRmoCnda misi megobrebisa da kolegebi-saTvis.

samgloviaro dReebSi bev-ri iTqva da bevric daiwera akademikos irakli Jordani-as mecnierul miRwevebze da zogadad mis rolze teqniku-ri progresis procesSi, aseve xazgasmiT iqna aRniSnuli misi gamorCeuli pozicia politi-kur-sazogadoebrivi moRvaweo-bis asparezze. magram, rogorc ityvian, kadrs miRma darCa is adamianuri xibli, mimzidvelo-ba da muxti, romliTac is sx-vTagan egzom gamoirCeoda.

ramdenime Tve gavida ba-ton irakli Jordanias garda-cvalebidan da dRes Cven Ses-aZlebloba gveZleva civi go nebiT da pragmatulad Seva-fasod misi saqmianoba zogadad metalurgiis sferoSi da maT Soris ferdinand TavaZis meta-lurgiisa da masalaTmcodneo-bis institutSi.

imisaTvis, rom mkiTxveli-saTvis gasagebi gaxdes batoni iraklis moRvaweobis masSta-bi da mniSvneloba winaswar ra-modenime zogad ganmartebas ga-vakeTebT metalurgiis Sesaxeb.

batoni iraklis winamZRo-lobiT 2012 w SemuSavda “saqa-rTveloSi Savi metalurgiis ganviTarebis koncefcia”, ro-melmac gansazRvra Cvens qveya-naSi metalurgiis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi aqcentebi. am doku-mentSi vkiTxulobT:

„metalurgia _ madnidan liTonebisa da Senadnobebis miReba da maTgan sxvadasx-va daniSnulebis nakeTobebis damzadeba, civilizaciis erT-er Ti uZvelesi da umniSvnelo-vanesi monapovaria. metal-urgiis warmoSobam gamoiwvia uzarmazari Zvrebi kacobrio-bis ganviTarebis sawyis etapze da xeli Seuwyo sazogadoebis diferenciacias (Jan-Jak ruso).

saqarTvelos teritoria ze liTonebis miRebis, damuSave-bis da gamoyenebis ku l tura uZ-velesi droidan momdinareobs da kacobriobis ganviTarebis yve la ZiriTad istoriul sa -fe xurs moicavs. aq arsebul ma geografiul-mineralogiur ma pirobebma (ma dani, sawvavi, ce-cxlgamZle Tixebi, wylis re-sursebi) da kulturul-teqni-kuri azris ganviTarebis donem xeli Seuwyo metalurgia-li-TondamuSa vebis mZlavri da sta-biluri centrebis warmoSobas. mec nierTa azriT saqarTvelos teritoria liTonwarmoebis sis temis erT-erT uZveles cen-trad aris miCneuli.

saqarTveloSi gamovleni-lia mravali samTo-meta lur-giuli kera, romelic antikur xanaSi liTonis produqciiT amaragebda ara marto sa qar-Tvelos, aramed mezobel qve-ynebsac. mdidar arqeologiur masalaSi Warbobs adgilobrivi war moebis sagnebi _ kolxuri culebi, Subisa da isris buni-kebi, xis damamuSavebeli saW-ris-sakveTebi, miwaTmoqmedebis iaraRebi, mravalferovani oqrosa da brinjaos mxatvru-

li nakeTobebi, samkaulebi, nu-mizmaturi masala da sxva. adg-ilobrivi “kolxuri TeTris” saxelwodebiT cnobili vercx-lis moneta, kolxuri culebi da sxva nivTieri masala mopove-bulia berZnuli samyaros sxva-dasxva centrebSi, yirimSi, Tur-qeTSi (trapizonis maxloblad), Sua aziaSi (ferganis velze), rac metyvelebs Cveni qveynis mWidro kontaqtebze gare sam-yarosTan da yvelaze skepti-kurad ganwyobil pirovnebasac ki daarwmunebs, rom saqarTve-los teritoria ze metalurgia ZvelTaganve ma Ral doneze yo-fila ganviTarebuli”.

amgvarad, qarTveli kaci mTeli Tavisi xangrZlivi is-toriis manZilze mudam fus-fusebda qurasa da sabervelT-an _ nalis, namglis, Toxisa da sxva sameurneo daniSnulebis sagnebTan erTad gauTaveblad Wedda saomar iaraRs momxdure-bisgan Tavis dasacavad.

Tavad batoni irakli am udidesi metalurgiuli tra-diciebis memkvidred Tvlida Tavs da mudam cdilobda misi sayvareli saqmianobiT sikeTe moetana adamianebisaTvis.

saerTod, kacobriobis ga n -viTarebis Yyvela etapze, qvey-nis siZlieris dasaxasiaTeblad sxvadasxva kriteriumebi gamoi-yeneboda: Tamar mefis dros xm-lebiTa da SubebiT SeiaraRebu-li laSqris raodenoba iyo qveynis siZlieris maCvenebeli, mefe erekles epoqaSi _ zarba-znebis, xolo me-20 saukuneSi _ gamodnobili foladisa da Tu-jis raodenoba gansazRvravda qveynis Zlierebas. yvela es kri-teriumi uSualod metalurgi-uli produqtis warmoebas uka-vSirdeba. civilizaciis donis ganmsazRvrelad metalurgia iyo miCneuli da ara sxva rome-lime sfero, vTqvaT, marcvleu-lis warmoeba (romelic ada-mianis keTildReobis uSualo maCvenebelia), radgan marcv-leulisa da yvela sxva produq-tis warmoebis masSta bebi isev da isev liTonTanaa dakavSire-buli da manqana iaraRebis ra-

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i6

odenobiTa da maTi xarisxiT ganisazRvreba.

madnidan liTonis miReba TviTmizani ar aris, es metalur-giuli procesis mxolod erTi, sawyisi etapia, romelic mTavr-deba liTonis nakeTobis damza-debiT. amisaTvis mravali meTodi gamoiyeneba. glinviT Rebulo-ben sxvadasxva profilis nake-Tobas _ Svelers, kuTxovanas, mils, furcels, armaturas da a.S. aseTi metalurgiuli pro-duqtiT Sendeba saxlebi, xidebi, gvirabebi, air da navTob sade-ni magistralebi, saavtomobilo gzebi, rkinigza, maRali Zabvis anZebi da saerTod yvelaferi Cvens irgvliv. metad gavrcele-bulia Wedvis procesi, roca ga-varvarebul liTons meqanikuri zemoqmedebiT dartymebis re-JimSi sasurvel formas aZleven, manqana-iaraRebis didi nawil-ic am meTodiT mzaddeba. li-Tonis furclisagan nakeTobis, magaliTad avtomobilis Zar-is damzadebac, rasac tvifrva ewodeba, metalurgiis sferos miekuTvneba. yvela aRniSnuli teqnologiuri procesi erTi krebsiTi saxeliT moixseneba _ liTonebis wneviT damuSaveba. swored am sferos ubadlo os-tati gaxldaT batoni irakli, im mimarTulebasac, romelsac igi studentobis periodSi ezi-ara liTonTa wneviT damuSaveba hqvia, xolo im uzarmazar kilo-metrnaxevrian sawarmoo ubans rusTavis metalurgiul kombi-natSi, sadac i. Jordnia Camoy-alibda rog orc maRali rangis inJineri, milsaglinavi saamqro ewodeba.

foladis milis mravale-tapiani warmoeba erT-er-Ti urTulesi teqnologiu-ri procesia da miznad isaxavs cilindruli formis namza-didan milis miRebas. igi sami ZiriTadi operaciis saxiT xor-cieldeba.

pirveli operacia xraxnuli glinvis reJimSi mimdinareobs. am dros milnamzadis centrSi, RerZuli mimarTulebiT gaWol-vis anu ganRruebis RriWo war-moiqmneba da Sedegad Rrutani-ani masra miiReba.

meore operaciis, Semogl-invis dros, ganRruebuli masra kedlis sisqis Semcirebis xar-jze sigrZeSi izrdeba. orive op-eracia xorcieldeba milnamza-dis 1200° C-ze erTi gaxurebiT.

mesame operacia, kalibreba Semoglinuli milis saboloo zomebamde dayvanas gulisxmobs.

mkiTxveli advilad mixvde-ba, rom mTel am teqnologiur ciklSi ganRruebis etaps gansa-kuTrebuli roli eniWeba. saint-eresoa, rom ganRruebis movlena pirvelad, sru liad SemTxveviT germaniaSi Zmebma manesmanebma aRmoaCines (1885 wels gacemulia patenti _ “manesmanis efeqti”). mdinareze xidis gadebisas maT dasWirdaT foladis cilin-druli sxmulis diametris Sem-cireba da amisTvis ganivi Wed-va gamoiyenes. Sedegad, sxmulis SuagulSi warmoiqmna siRrue. es msoflio mniSvnelobis aR-moCena safuZvlad daedo ganivi da iribi cxlad glinvis pro-cess, ramac kacobriobas unake-ro milebis masobrivi warmoebis saSualeba misca.

mudam axlis maZiebeli irak-li Jordania, aqtiurad Caer-To milis xarisxis amaRlebis mizniT metalurgiis institu-tisa da rusTavis metalurgi-uli qarxnis erTobliv fun-damentur kvlevaSi. kvlevis procesSi gamovlinda teqnolo-giur procesze moqmed mra-valricxovan (40-mde) faqtorTa Soris is eqvsi ZiriTadi te-qnologiuri parametri, romel-Ta meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli gaxda milglinvis warmatebuli marTva.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom im dros glinvis process op-eratori, anu adamiani marTa-vda, advilad warmovidgenT teqnologiuri amocanis sir-Tules.

gasuli saukunis samocian wlebSi sruliad axalgazr-da, magram ukve sakmaod gan-swavlulma da gamocdilma i. Jordaniam Tavis rusTavel ko-legebTan erTad daiwyo fiqri rusTavis qarxanaSi arsebuli milsaglinavi xazis kompleq-

suri meqanizaciisa da avtom-atizaciis Sesaxeb. idea metad Tamami gaxldaT da SeiZleba avanturistul elementebsac Seicavda, vinaidan wlebis gan-mavlobaSi msoflios ara erTi kvleviTi-samecniero dawese-buleba da sakonstruqtoro organizacia uSedegod cdi-lobda am problemis gadWras.

6 wlis muxlCauxreli Sro-mis Sedegad proeqtis inicia-torema SesZles am urTulesi amocanis gadawyveta _ msoflio praqtikaSi pirvelad ru sTavSi Seiqmna imdroindeli teqnikuri saSualebebiTa da xelsawyo-da-nadgarebiT aRWurvili komp-leqsurad avtomatizirebuli mZlavri milsaglinavi agrega-ti “400’’-is 1,2 km sigrZis te-qnologiuri xazi. im dros es xazi evropaSi iTvleboda uax-lesi teqnologiuri da teqni-kuri SesaZleblobebis nimuSad.

milsaglinavi xazis komple-qsurma rekonstruqciam Zireu-li gardatexa moaxdina milebis glinvis teqnologiur proces-Si, mkveTrad aamaRla warmoebu-li milebis xarisxi, minimumamde daiyvana xeliT Sroma, mniS-vnelovnad Seuwyo xeli warmoe-bis zrdas da produqciis nomen-klaturis gafarToebas. kerZod, SesaZlebeli gaxda didi diame-tris unakero foladis milebis warmoeba. am RonisZiebis ganx-orcielebas didi gamoZaxili hqonda msoflio masStabiT. Se-degad, 1969 wels qarxnis 6 spe-cialists, maT Soris i.Jorda-nias mieniWa im drois umaRlesi samecniero jildo - leninu-ri premia. aRsaniSnavia, rom ga-mogonebaTa nawili saxelmwi-fos mier iqna dapatentebuli da ucxoeTSi realizebuli licen-ziebis saxiT.

aq gasaTvaliswinebelia er-Ti mniSvnelovani garemoeba: yovelive es moxda im period-Si, roca kompiuteri jer kidev Canasaxovan mdgomareobaSi imy-ofeboda, xolo Tanamedrove sainformacio teqnologiebi ideebis, xSirad idealisturad monaTluli ideebis doneze ganixileboda. magaliTad, in-

#8, seqtemberi, 2018 7

formatikis mamamTavari, vineri vaimecnierad moixsenieboda.

amJamad srulad Seicvlilia metalurgiuli teqnologiebis teqnikur-ekonomi kuri done. da-bejiTebiT Se iZ leba iTqvas, rom dRevandeli metalurgiuli war-moeba ZiriTadad meqanizebuli, avtomatizebuli da kompiuter-izebulia. aRniSnuli movlena metalurgiaSi “gadatrialebad” aris miCneuli. am “gadatri-alebis” erT-erT moTaved, ra-sakvirvlia, batoni i. Jordaniac moiazreba da es udides damsax-urebadaa aRiarebuli msofli-os metalurgTa wreSi.

im periodSi cnobilma ki-noreJisorma SoTa managaZem, aseve cnobili scenaristis, gi-orgi mdivnis scenaris mixedviT gadaiRo mSvenieri filmi-“keTi-li adamianebi”. moqmedeba vi-Tardeba pikanturi sasiyvaru-lo istoriis fonze da asaxavs rusTavis metalurgiuli qarx-nis uaxlesi teqnikuri ideebiT gamsWvaluli axalgazrda inJin-erTa erTi jgufis Semoqmedeb-iT cxovrebas. Cven ar viciT ramdenad iyvnen gacnobierebu-li filmis avtorebi rusTavis qarxnis saqmianobis teqnikur detalebSi, magram filmSi asax-uli, metad damajerebeli ax-algazrduli aRmafrena safuZ-vels gvaZlevs vivaraudoT, rom maT icodnen saglinavi saamqros Zireuli gadaiaraRebis Sesax-eb da isic iwinaswarmetyveles, rom es samuSao warmatebulad damTavrdeboda. niSandobliv-ia, rom filmis mTavarma gmir-ma, Tengiz arCvaZem da, Cveni azriT, misma prototipma, irak-li Jordaniam sazogadoebis didi siyvaruli daimsaxures profesiul sferoSi miRweuli warmatebebisa da znesruli mo-qalaqeobriobis gamo.

batoni iraklis Semdegi mecnieruli “gataceba” fola-dis uwyveti Camosxmis prob-lemas exeba. es problema lait-motivad gasdevs mTels mis Semdgom mecnierul moRvaweo-bas, rogorc rusTavis qarxana-Si, ise samTavrobo kabinetebsa Tu kvleviT laboratoriebSi.

uwyveti Camosxmis teqnolo-giam Zireuli reformebis ga-tareba moiTxova metalurgiis politikaSi. saqme imaSia, rom Cveulebriv, martenis RumelSi an sxva tipis sadnob agregatSi gamodnobili foladis mraval-toniani sxmuli WaSur RumelSi 1200-1300°C-ze gaxurebis Sem-deg momWimav saglinav dganze - blumingze an slabingze mravaljeradi gatarebis Semdeg naxevar namzadis formas Rebu-lobs da mxolod amis Semdeg maprofileber saglinav dganeb-ze iqceva namzadad. slabebi, rogorc wesi ferclovani fo-ladis misaRebad gamoiyeneba, blumebi milebisa da sxvadasxva sortuli produqtis (Sveleri, relsi, kuTxovana da a.S.) mis-aRebad.

uwyveti Camosxmis teqnolo-giam gamoricxa blumingsa da slabingze glinvis procesebi. es ki Tanamedrove teqnikaSi ga-moyenebuli erT erTi urTule-si, ZviradRirebuli da ener-gotevadi mowyobilobaa, misi wona ramodenime aTas tonas Seadgens, xolo moxmarebuli energia aTeulobiT megavateb-Si izomeba. magaliTad, rus-Tavis qarxanaSi damontaJebuli metad “mokrZalebuli” blumigi 7 megavati simZlavris iyo, rac zemo avWalis hidroeleqtro sadguris mier gamomuSave-bul energiis meoTxeds utol-deba. rasakvirvelia, aseTi te-qnologiis Canacvleba uwyveti Camosxmis procesiT, roca Ru-melidan gamoSvebuli foladi kristalizatoris meSveobiT namzadad gadaiqceva, ekonomi-kurad metad momgebiania. igi 10-15% amcirebs liTonis xar-js 1 t vargisi naglinis miReba-ze, vinaidan ar moiTxods sxmu-lis Tavisa da bolos CamoWras, gamoricxavs Tujis boyvebis parkis arsebobas da WaSur Ru-melebs, kristalizaciis proce-sis daCqareba xels uwyobs erT-gvarovani namzadis miRebas da, Sesabamisad, misi xarisxis gaum-jobesebas da sxva.

metad sainteresoa fola-dis uwyveti Camosxmis ideis gan-

viTarebis istoria. 1855 wels gamoCenilma ingliselma ga-momgonebelma, metad gavrcele-buli besemeris procesis saxeliT cnobili metalurgi-uli teqnologiis av torma, bese-merma wamoayena idea Camosxmisa da glinvis erT ciklSi gaer-Tianebis Sesaxeb, rac miznaT isaxavda gamdnari liTonidan uSualod sasurveli profilis nakeTobis miRebas. am process usxmulo glinva ewoda. bevr qveyanaSi ecadnen am teqnologi-is samrewvelo masStabiT dan-ergvas, magram uSedegod. Ziebis procesSi ufro perspeqtuli aRmoCnda uwyveti CamosxmiT namzadis miReba da Semdeg gl-inviT misi sasurvel profila-mde dayvana. Ziebis es procesi sakmaod gaWianurda da mxolod 1939 wels pirvelad germaniaSi samrewvelo xasiaTi miiRo. amJa-mad mTel msoflioSi gamodno-bili foladis udidesi nawili uwyvetiad isxmeba.

sabWoeTSi liTonTa uwyveti Camosxmis idea cnobili sabWo-Ta mecnier-metalurgis, aka-demikos ivane bardinis meTau-robiT ganviTarda da gasuli saukunis 50 wlebSi samrewve-lo masStabi miiRo. bardinis saxels atarebs msoflioSi erTerTi udidesi metalur-giis kvleviTi dawesebuleba _ ЦНИИЧЕРМЕТ-i, anu, Savi meta-lurgiis centraluri samecnie-ro - kvleviTi instituti. si-tyvam moitana da isic vaxsenoT, rom ivane bardini axalgazrdo-baSi, revoluciamdel ruseT-Si, iuzovis (doneckis) meta-lurgiul qarxanaSi muSaobda ganTqmul TviTnaswavl inJiner-Tan, sabrZmede saqmis virtuoz-Tan mixeil kurakosTan da Cven legendarul giorgi nikolaZ-esTan erTad. es triumvirati “kurakos saZmos” saxeliT, mTe-li ruseTis imperiis metalur-giul centrebSi iyo cnobili.

miuxedavad imisa, rom idea liTonTa uwyveti Camosxmis Ses-axeb sabWoeTSi warmatebulad viTardeboda, misi pra q tikuli ganxorcieleba viTa rebaTa gamo sagrZnob lad damuxruWda. sabWo-

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis u w y e b e b i8

Ta kavSi ridan SeZenili licen-ziebiT iaponiam, germaniam, xolo Se mdgom saerTod dasavleT ev-ropam da SeerTebulma Stateb-mac didi siswrafiT iwyes am siax-lis danergva da ukve ori aTeuli wlis Semdgom, Tu dasavleTSi mTeli gamodnobili foladis 60-70% uwyvetad isxmeboda, xolo ia-poniaSi analogiurma maCvenebelma 85-90% miaRwia, sabWoTa sivrceSi igi 20-30% ar aRemateboda.

baton iraklis da zogadad rusTaveli metalurgebis san-aqebod unda iTqvas, rom aR-niSnul teqnologiuri siaxle – liTonebis uwyveti Camosx-ma pirvelad sabWoTa sivrceSi rusTavis metalurgiul qarxa-naSi, jer kidev gasuli saukunis samocdaaTian wlebSi Cainerga mrudxazovani uwyveti Camosx-mis mowyobilobaTa sacdel-sam-rewvelo kompleqsis saxiT.

uwyveti Camosxmis teqno-logiuri parametrebis daxve-wasa da konstruqciul-teqni-kur maCveneblebis dadgenaSi rusTavis specialistebTan er-Tad aqtiurad monawileobdnen Cveni insititutis mecnier-Ta-namSromlebi. im droisaTvis institutSi Seiqmna aRniSnuli profilis specialuri labora-toria, romlis saqmianobaSic, bunebrivia, didi roli iTamaSa batonma iraklim.

f. TavaZis metalurgii-sa da masalaTmcodneobis in-stitutSi damuSavda Tuji-sa da feroSenadnobTa uwyveti Camosxmis manqana. amJamad es manqana zestafonis giorgi ni-kolaZis feroSenadnobebis qa-rxnis ZalebiT xorcs isxams da uaxloes momavalSi teqnolo-giur procesSi CaerTveba. es mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs dana-kargebs, gaaumjobesebs ekolo-giur viTarebas, ekonomikur efeqtzec dadebiT zegavlenas moaxdens da savaraudod, insti-tutis Semosavlebzec aisaxeba.

Cven gveamayeba, rom batoni irakli Tavisi xangrZlivi moR-vaweobis manZilze mudmivad iyo dakavSirebuli institutTan. igi wlebis ganmavlobaSi xelmZ-Rvanelobda uwyveti Camosxmis

sferoSi mimdinare proeqtebs, xolo bolo wlebSi Tavis udides gamocdilebas uSurve-lad uziarebda institutis Ta-namSromlebs mecnier-konsul-tantis rangSi.

batoni iraklis TaosnobiT rusTavis metalurgiul qarx-anasTan erTad damuSavda saCa-mosxmo-saglinavi danadgaris konstruqcia da damzadda sac-deli manqana, romelic insti-tutSia damontaJebuli. inten-siuri kvlevebis safuZvelze aTvisebul iqna 8-10mm sisqis aluminis furclebis warmoeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom es inovaciu-ri meTodi warmoadgens Camosx-misa da glinvis procesis sim-biozs. igi 6-7-jer amcirebs energodanaxarjebs, 60-70% Zvi-radRirebul mowyobiloba-da-nadgarebis raodenobas da zo-gadad metad dadebiTad aisaxeba kapitalur danaxarjebze.

batoni irakli gaxldaT Cveni institutis didi qoma-gi da moWirnaxule. institu-tis warmatebebiT gaxarebuli igi mudam cdilobda saja-rod gamoeTqva Tavisi mosaz-reba rogorc umaRlesi rangis eqsperts (ix. gazeTi “saqarT-velos respublika” #75, 23 aprili, 2013w. mniSvnelovani siaxleebi masalaTmcodneoba-Si; #258, 23 dekemberi, 2014w. mudam axlis Ziebis surviliT; #24-25, 2 Tebervali, 2017w. qa-rTuli inteleqtualuri pro-duqti saerTaSoriso mimo-qcevaSi; #213, 17 oqtomberi, 2017w. saerTaSoriso simpozi-umi SHS-2017 TbilisSi. “aka-demiis uwyebani”, #3, aprili, 2017w. saqarTvelos mecniere-baTa erovnuli akademiis ino-vaciebisa da maRali teqnolo-giebis centri).

institutis mecnierulma sazogadoebam saTanadod Sea-fasa batoni iraklis mier in-stutSi gaweuli amagi da in-stitutis samecniero sabWos gadawyvetilebiT 2012 w baton irakli Jordanias institutis mdgradi ganviTarebis proces-Si aqtiuri monawileobisaTvis gadasca institutis organiza-

torisa da ucvleli xelmZR-vanelis, akademikos ferdinand TavaZis samaxsovro medali.

yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom institutis teritoria, al.yaz-begis gamziris #15, qalaqis re-konstruqciis zonaSi moxvda, 2016 wels gaiyida da institut-ma iq funqcionireba Sewyvita. sanacvlod mindelis q.#10 in-stituts auSenda Tanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisi oTx-sarTuliani laboratoriuli korpusi da teqnologiuri samuSaoebis sawarmoeblad sa-Tanado infrastruqturiT aR-Wurvili ori saamqro.

axal SenobaSi axali sicocx-lis dasawyisad 2018 wlis mai-si iqna miCneuli. swored am dRes sulmouTqmelad elodeba samecniero sazogadoeba insti-tutis axal SenobaSi sazeimo gaxsnas. am istoriul movle-nasTan dakavSirebiT, rasakvir-velia, direqciaSi moewyo ba-ton iraklis samuSao oTaxi, raTa mas saSualeba miscemo-da mSvid da komfortul gare-moSi efiqra institutis samo-mavlo proeqtebze da maTi ganxorcielebis gzebze. didi mwuxarebiT avRniSnavT, rom es Cveni guliTadi survili ver SevisruleT, batoni irakli aRar gagvabednierebs Cvens in-stitutSi mobrZanebiT.

ssip ferdinand TavaZis metalurgiisa da masalaTmcod-neobis institutis direqtori,

akademikosi, prof., giorgi TavaZe

samecniero sabWos Tavmjdomare, q.m. doqtori,

jumber xanTaZe

redaqtori: enver niJaraZe

dakabadoneba: paata qorqia

uwyebebi _ saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis aTvliTi gamocemaibeWdeba akademiis stambaSi