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Chapter 16 Evidence of Evolution
BY: Alejandro HernandezJessica Hernandez Francisco EsquivelCristina Guzman
Ryan TorresReyna Provencio
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A. Biogeography
● Biogeography is the study of where organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past.
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1.How does the geographic distribution of a species today relate to their evolutionary history?
Patterns of living and fossil species tell us approximately how long ago organisms evolved from their ancestors.
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2.Closely related but different
● Populations on the island had evolved from mainland species.
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3.Distantly related but similar
● Differences in body structures tell us how they evolved from different ancestors.
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B. The Age of Earth and F ossils
● Earth Is Old ● Fossils are Evidence of Evolution
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1. How Do Fossils Help Document the Decent Of Modern Species from ancient ancestors?
● Fossils indicate evolution occurred as they indicate variations in bone structures of related animal species, and in plant forms and structures.
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2. The Age Of Earth?
● The age of earth is about 4.5 billion years old
● Radioactive Dating
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3. Recent Fossil Finds● Connections between fish and four legged
land animals● fossils provide evidence that life does
evolve
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C. Comparing Anatomy and Embryology
1.What do Homologous Structures and Similarities in Embryonic Development suggest about the process of Evolutionary Change?2. Homologous Structures3. Embryology
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1. What do Homologous Structures and Similarities in Embryonic Development suggest about the process of Evolutionary Change?
* It means that the process of Evolutionary Change is basically all the same but some are used in different ways.
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2. Homologous Structures* The Evolutionary Theory explains that the existence of Homologous Structures adapted and the result was a descent of modification from a common ancestor
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3. Embryology
* Researchers noticed that many animals with vertebrates during their early development stage are very similar
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D. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIO.
1. HOW CAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BE USED TO TRACE THE PROCESS OF EVOLUTION?
● HUMANS AND ANIMALS ALL HAVE THE SAME MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. WHICH MEANS WE'RE ALL SIMILAR.
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D. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIO.2. LIFE’S COMMON GENETIC CODE
● THIS GENETIC CODING IS ALMOST NEARLY IDENTICAL IN ALMOST ALL
ORGANISMS,INCLUDING BACTERIA,YEASTS, PLANTS, FUNGI, AND ANIMALS
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D. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIO.3. HOMOLOGOUS MOLECULES
● AN EXAMPLE OF HOMOLOGOUS MOLECULES IS HOX GENES.
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TestingNaturalSelection
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What Does Recent Research on the Galapagos finches show aboutNatural Selection? ● Natural Selection shaped the beaks of
different birds● Flinch with different-size beaks have better
or worse chance of surviving seasonal droughts
● Natural selection Happens a lot on Galapagos flinch
●
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A Testable Hypothesis ● Peter and Rosemary Grant tested the
hypothesis that Darwin had said about Natural selection
● They spent 35 years studying Galapagos flinch
● The data the Grants had recorded showed that there is indeed great variation of heritable traits among Galapagos flinch
● Darwin said that natural selection had shaped the beaks of different birds
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Natural Selection ● Flinch with different-size beaks have better
or worse chance of surviving seasonal droughts
● Natural selection Happens a lot on Galapagos flinch
● These evolutionary change happen a lot faster than researchers thought
● Viriation within species increases the likelihood of species adapting and surviving environmental change
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Evaluating Evolutionary Theory ● Science and technology have confirm and
expanded most of Darwin' Hypotheses● Evolutionary theory offers insight that are
vital to all branches of biology ● Evolutionary theory is constantly reviewed
as new data are gathered
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THE END(:
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