Peer Review Report Combined: Phase 1 + Phase 2 - Mauritius

8/7/2019 Peer Review Report Combined: Phase 1 + Phase 2 - Mauritius

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FMDLJM GD\XK DA P\JASUJ\HACY JA@ HRCBJAFH

DG IAGD\KJPIDA GD\ PJR UX\UDSHS

Uhh| \hwihv \hud|p Cdkliah`? Ubjsh : . Ubjsh <

KJX\IPIXS



Pbis vd|n is uxlmisbh` da pbh |hsudasilimipy dg pbh Shc|hpj|y+Fhah|jm dg pbh DHC@!

Pbh duiaidas hru|hssh` ja` j|fxkhaps hkumdyh` bh|hia `d adp ahchssj|imy |hgmhcp

pbh dggicijm wihvs dg pbh DHC@ d| dg pbh fdwh|akhaps dg ips khklh| cdxap|ihs d|

pbdsh dg pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk da P|jasuj|hacy ja` Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida gd| Pjr

Ux|udshs!

ISLA 962+9<+70+596<<+3 "u|iap)ISLA 962+9<+70+596<3+5 "U@G)

Sh|ihs? Fmdljm Gd|xk da P|jasuj|hacy ja` Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida gd| Pjr Ux|udshs? Uhh| \hwihvsISSA <<:9+072: "u|iap)

ISSA <<:9+079R "damiah)

Cd||ifha`j pd DHC@ uxlmicjpidas kjy lh gdxa` da miah jp? vvv!dhc`!d|f$uxlmisbiaf$cd||ifha`j!

© DHC@ <5::

Ydx cja cduy- `dvamdj` d| u|iap DHC@ cdaphap gd| ydx| dva xsh- ja` ydx cja iacmx`h hrch|ups g|dk DHC@

uxlmicjpidas- `jpjljshs ja` kxmpikh`ij u|d`xcps ia ydx| dva `dcxkhaps- u|hshapjpidas- lmdfs- vhlsiphs ja`

phjcbiaf kjph|ijms- u|dwi`h` pbjp sxipjlmh jcnadvmh`fkhap dg DHC@ js sdx|ch ja` cduy|ifbp dvah| is fiwha!

Jmm |hzxhsps gd| uxlmic d| cdkkh|cijm xsh ja` p|jasmjpida |ifbps sbdxm` lh sxlkipph` pd |ifbpsEdhc`!d|f\hzxhsps gd| uh|kissida pd ubdpdcduy ud|pidas dg pbis kjph|ijm gd| uxlmic d| cdkkh|cijm xsh sbjmm lh j``|hssh`

`i|hcpmy pd pbh Cduy|ifbp Cmhj|jach Chaph| "CCC) jp iagdEcduy|ifbp!cdk d| pbh Chap|h g|jaæjis `’hrumdipjpida `x`|dip `h cduih "CGC) jp cdapjcpEcgcduihs!cdk!

Umhjsh ciph pbis uxlmicjpida js?

DHC@ "<5::)-Fmdljm Gd|xk da P|jasuj|hacy ja` Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida gd| Pjr Ux|udshs Uhh|

\hwihvs? Kjx|ipixs <5::? Cdkliah`? Ubjsh : . Ubjsh <? Mhfjm ja` \hfxmjpd|y G|jkhvd|n- Fmdljm

Gd|xk da P|jasuj|hacy ja` Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida gd| Pjr Ux|udshs? Uhh| \hwihvs- DHC@

Uxlmisbiaf!

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UHH\ \HWIHV \HUD\P – CDKLIAH@ UBJSH : JA@ UBJSH < \HUD\P – KJX\IPIXS – © DHC@ <5::

PJLMH DG CDAPHAPS – 3

Pjlmh dg Cdaphaps

Jldxp pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8

Hrhcxpiwh Sxkkj|y ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6

Iap|d`xcpida ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 9

Iagd|kjpida ja` khpbd`dmdfy xsh` gd| pbh uhh| |hwihv dg Kjx|ipixs ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 9Dwh|wihv dg Kjx|ipixs ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! :5\hchap `hwhmdukhaps ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !:0

Cdkumijach vipb pbh Spja`j|`s ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! :8

J! Jwjimjlimipy dg Iagd|kjpida ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! :8

Dwh|wihv ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! :8J!:! Dvah|sbiu ja` i`hapipy iagd|kjpida ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !:7J!<! Jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 38J!3! Ljaniaf iagd|kjpida ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 05

L! Jcchss pd Iagd|kjpida ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 03

Dwh|wihv ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 03L!:! Cdkuhphap Jxpbd|ipy’s jlimipy pd dlpjia ja` u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 00L!<! Adpigicjpida |hzxi|hkhaps ja` |ifbps ja` sjghfxj|`s! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 88

C! Hrcbjafiaf Iagd|kjpida ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 89

Dwh|wihv ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 89C!:! Hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida khcbjaisks ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 75C!<! Hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida khcbjaisks vipb jmm |hmhwjap uj|pah|s ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6<C!3! Cdagi`hapijmipy ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 63C!0! \ifbps ja` sjghfxj|`s dg pjrujyh|s ja` pbi|` uj|pihs! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 66C!8! Pikhmiahss dg |hsudashs pd |hzxhsps gd| iagd|kjpida ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 62




JLDXP PBH FMDLJM GD\XK – 8

Jldxp pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk

Pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk da P|jasuj|hacy ja` Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida gd| PjrUx|udshs is pbh kxmpimjph|jm g|jkhvd|n vipbia vbicb vd|n ia pbh j|hj dg pjrp|jasuj|hacy ja` hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida is cj||ih` dxp ly dwh| 95 ox|isìc+

pidas vbicb uj|piciujph ia pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk da ja hzxjm gddpiaf!Pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk is cbj|fh` vipb ia+`hupb kdaipd|iaf ja` uhh| |hwihv

dg pbh ikumhkhapjpida dg pbh iaph|ajpidajm spja`j|`s dg p|jasuj|hacy ja`hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida gd| pjr ux|udshs! Pbhsh spja`j|`s j|h u|ikj|imy|hgmhcph` ia pbh <55< DHC@ Kd`hm Jf|hhkhap da Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpidada Pjr Kjpph|s ja` ips cdkkhapj|y- ja` ia J|picmh <7 dg pbh DHC@ Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida da Iacdkh ja` da Cjuipjm ja` ips cdkkhapj|y js xu`jph` ia<550- vbicb bjs lhha iacd|ud|jph` ia pbh XA Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida!

Pbh spja`j|`s u|dwi`h gd| iaph|ajpidajm hrcbjafh da |hzxhsp dg gd|hshh+

jlmy |hmhwjap iagd|kjpida gd| pbh j`kiaisp|jpida d| hagd|chkhap dg pbh `dkhs+pic pjr mjvs dg j |hzxhspiaf uj|py! Gisbiaf hruhìpidas j|h adp jxpbd|ish` lxp jmm gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap iagd|kjpida kxsp lh u|dwi`h`- iacmxìaf ljan iagd|kjpida ja` iagd|kjpida bhm` ly gi`xcij|ihs- |hfj|`mhss dg pbh hrisphachdg j `dkhspic pjr iaph|hsp d| pbh juumicjpida dg j `xjm c|ikiajmipy spja`j|`!

Jmm khklh|s dg pbh Fmdljm Gd|xkjs vhmm js ox|isìcpidas i`hapigih` lypbh Fmdljm Gd|xk js |hmhwjap pd ips vd|n- j|h lhiaf |hwihvh`! Pbis u|dchss isxa`h|pjnha ia pvd ubjshs! Ubjsh : |hwihvs jsshss pbh zxjmipy dg ox|isìcpidas’mhfjm ja` |hfxmjpd|y g|jkhvd|n gd| pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida- vbimh Ubjsh <

|hwihvs mddn jp pbh u|jcpicjm ikumhkhapjpida dg pbjp g|jkhvd|n! Sdkh FmdljmGd|xk khklh|s j|h xa`h|fdiaf cdkliah` – Ubjsh : umxs Ubjsh < – |hwihvs!Pbh xmpikjph fdjm is pd bhmu ox|isìcpidas pd hgghcpiwhmy ikumhkhap pbh iaph|aj+pidajm spja`j|`s dg p|jasuj|hacy ja` hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida gd| pjr ux|udshs!

Jmm |hwihv |hud|ps j|h uxlmisbh` dach juu|dwh` ly pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk ja`pbhy pbxs |hu|hshap jf|hh` Fmdljm Gd|xk |hud|ps!

Gd| kd|h iagd|kjpida da pbh vd|n dg pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk da P|jasuj|hacyja` Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida gd| Pjr Ux|udshs- ja` gd| cduihs dg pbh uxl+misbh` |hwihv |hud|ps- umhjsh |hgh| pd vvv!dhc`!d|f$pjr$p|jasuj|hacy!




:5 – IAP\D@XCPIDA

dg j ox|isìcpida! Bdvhwh| pbis |jpiaf vimm damy lh uxlmisbh` ”jp sxcb pikh js j|hu|hshapjpiwh sxlshp dg Ubjsh < |hwihvs is cdkumhph`‛! Pbis |hud|p pbh|hgd|hiacmx`hs |hcdkkha`jpidas ia |hsuhcp dg Kjx|ipixs’s mhfjm g|jkhvd|n ja`|hfxmjpd|y ja` pbh jcpxjm ikumhkhapjpida dg pbh hsshapijm hmhkhaps- js vhmm

js j `hph|kiajpida da pbh mhfjm ja` |hfxmjpd|y g|jkhvd|n- lxp ip `dhs adpiacmx`h j |jpiaf dg pbh hmhkhaps!

::! Pbh jsshsskhap vjs cda`xcph` ly ja jsshsskhap phjk cdkudsh` dg pb|hh hruh|p jsshssd|s ja` j |hu|hshapjpiwh dg pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk Shc|hpj|ijp?Ks! Haf Cbdda Khaf- @huxpy @i|hcpd|- @huj|pkhap dg Iaph|ajpidajm Pjrjpida-Iamja` \hwhaxh Ldj|` dg Kjmjysij> K|! \jxm Uh|pih||j- \hwhaxh Sh|wich\hu|hshapjpiwh- Iaph|ajm \hwhaxh Sh|wich dg pbh Xaiph` Spjphs> K|! \icbj|`Pbdkjs- Jppd|ahy J`wisd|- Dggich dg Jssdcijph Cbihg Cdxashm- Iaph|ajm\hwhaxh Sh|wich dg pbh Xaiph` Spjphs> ja` Ks! Fvhajîmmh Mh Cdxspxkh| g|dk

pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk Shc|hpj|ijp!

Dwh|wihv dg Kjx|ipixs

:<! Pbh \huxlmic dg Kjx|ipixs is mdcjph` ia pbh Iaìja Dchja- hjsp dg Kj`jfjscj|! Ip cdasisps dg pbh ismja` dg Kjx|ipixs ja` shwh|jm skjmmh| ismja`sja` ips uduxmjpida is cmdsh pd :!3 kimmida! Hafmisb is pbh dggicijm mjafxjfh lxpG|hacb ja` uj|picxmj|my C|hdmh is kd|h vi`hmy sudnha! Pbh Kjx|ipija cx|+|hacy is pbh Kjx|ipija \xuhh "KX\- vipb j gmdjpiaf hrcbjafh |jph dg : hx|d

gd| 05 |xuhhs da 3: Jxfxsp <5:5)!:3! Kjx|ipixs is j skjmm duha hcdadky ìwh|sigih` ja` gxmmy iaphf|jphìapd vd|m` kj|nhps!: Pbh Kjx|ipija Fdwh|akhap u|dkdphs pbh ìwh|sigicj+pida dg pbh hcdadky dg pbh ismja`s- js ip cdasi`h|s pbjp ip cja ad mdafh| |hmyda kjss u|d`xcpida ja` bifbmy mjldx|+iaphasiwh ia`xsp|ihs! Pbis `yajkisk uh|kipph` j f|j`xjm ìwh|sigicjpida g|dk sxfj|cjah kjaxgjcpx|iaf pd phrpimhhrud|p jcpiwipihs ia pbh :965s- pdx|isk ia pbh hj|my :925s- ja` sh|wichs ia pbh:995s! Pbhsh jcpiwipihs pd`jy |hu|hshap pbh gdx| uimmj|s dg Kjx|ipixs’s hcda+dky vipb jf|icxmpx|h- kjaxgjcpx|iaf "kjiamy phrpimhs)- pdx|isk- ja` giajacijmsh|wichs spjaìaf gd| 0(- :9(- 9( ja` ::( dg Kjx|ipixs’s F@U |hsuhcpiwhmy!

:0! Kjx|ipixs c|hjph` ips dggsbd|h ljaniaf shcpd| ia :922 ja` ia jajpphkup pd iac|hjsh pbh cmihaphmh dg dggsbd|h ljans Kjx|ipixs iap|d`xch`dggsbd|h cdkujaihs ia :99<! Pbhsh hapipihs mjph| lhcjkh nadva js Cjphfd|y: Fmdljm Lxsiahss Michach cdkujaihs "FLC:) ja` vh|h iap|d`xch` jsja jpphkup pd hasx|h pbjp pbh vhmm+h`xcjph` Kjx|ipija vd|n gd|ch dg mjv+yh|s ja` jccdxapjaps bj` hkumdykhap! Michashhs kxsp |hmy da Kjx|ipijash|wich u|dwi`h|s cjmmh` kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs vbicb ia px|a hkumdyKjx|ipijas! Kjx|ipixs bjs j mj|fh `dxlmh pjr cdawhapida "@PC) ahpvd|n>

:! Jg|icja Hcdadkic Dxpmddn <559- DHC@!




:0 – IAP\D@XCPIDA

<8! Fhah|jmmy- FLC:s j|h iawhspkhap ja` ujssiwh bdm iaf cdkujaihs- lxp jmsd cja lh uj|pah|sbius ja` p|xsps! \hfisph|h` ia Kjx|ipixs- pbhsh gi|ksgxaahm iawhspkhap iapd dpbh| cdxap|ihs! Iaìj is pbh u|ikj|y `hspiajpida gd| iawhspkhaps kj`h ly FLC:s- u|ikj|imy lhcjxsh dg pbh jpp|jcpiwh cdaìpidas

dggh|h` ly pbh Kjx|ipixs+Iaìj @PC!8 Cx||hapmy Iaìj spimm |hu|hshaps bjmg dg pbh jcpiwipihs dg pbhsh cdkujaihs- lxp ahv kj|nhps bjwh hkh|fh` ia Jg|icjja` Jsij- ja` Kjx|ipixs’s giajacijm shcpd| shhns pd lhcdkh ja Jg|icja bxl-pbxs kjrikiiaf ips khklh|sbiu ia |hfidajm d|fjaisjpidas! FLC< cdkuj+aihs j|h kjiamy xsh` gd| vhjmpb kjajfhkhap "h!f! hspjph p|xsps dvaiaf shw+h|jm FLC<s) ja` j|h adp pjrh` ia Kjx|ipixs! FLC<s jmsd cjaadp bdm` ljan jccdxaps ia Kjx|ipija |xuhhs! Pbh mhfjm ja` |hfxmjpd|y g|jkhvd|n dg pbhKjx|ipija dggsbd|h shcpd| bjs u|df|hssiwhmy hwdmwh` dwh| pbh yhj|s- mhjaiafpdvj|`s f|hjph| |hfxmjpida- ia uj|picxmj| pd hasx|h pbjp dvah|sbiu iagd|kj+pida js vhmm js jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s j|h jwjimjlmh ia Kjx|ipixs- |hfj|`mhss dg pbhjcpiwipy ja` pyuh dg hapipy!

\hchap `hwhmdukhaps

<7! Pbh kdsp |hchap @PCs iacd|ud|jpiaf HDI j|picmhs j|h pbdsh sifah`vipb Pxaisij ja` Zjpj| "haph|h` iapd gd|ch ia Ojaxj|y ja` Oxmy <559 |hsuhc+piwhmy)! Kjx|ipixs jmsd sifah` j @PC vipb Ljafmj`hsb ia @hchklh| <559 ja`bjs |hchapmy giajmish` shwha PIHJs!

<6! \hchap mhfismjpiwh `hwhmdukhaps |hmhwjap pd hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpidacdach|a pbh jkha`khap dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp pd uh|kip pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida |hmjpiaf pd ada pjr+|hsi`hap uh|sdas ja` cd|ud|jpidas vbicb bjs lhha hgghcpiwh siach Oxmy <559! Pbh sjkh jkhaìaf jcp fjwh pbh Kiaisph| dg Giajach udvh| pd u|dwi`h c|dss ld|`h| jssispjach da pbh |hcdwh|y dg pjr `hlps"ahv shcpida 67J)! Ia j`ìpida- js dg Jxfxsp <5:5- FLC<s bjwh sxkkj|yjccdxapiaf dlmifjpidas!

8! Pbh Iaìja u|hss |hfxmj|my hru|hsshs cdach|as jldxp Iaìja pjrujyh|s xsiaf

Kjx|ipija lxsiahss hapipihs pd |dxa`+p|iu u|dgips- pbh|hly jwdiìaf pjrhs js vhmm

js cdkujaihs xsiaf Kjx|ipija hapipihs pd lhahgip g|dk pbh gjwdx|jlmh Kjx|ipixs+

Iaìj @PC! Kjx|ipixs’ Giajacijm Sh|wichs Cdkkissida bjs uxp ia umjch u|hwha+

piwh khjsx|hs ja` sjacpidas? ig sxcb ja dgghach vh|h hspjlmisbh`- pbh michach dg

pbh |hsudasilmh FLC: d| kjajfhkhap cdkujay vdxm` lh |hwdnh` "shh shcpida

J!:!7 dg pbh |hud|p da hagd|chkhap udvh|s dg pbh GSC)! Pbh GSC |hchiwh` ad

jmmhfh` jcps dggicijmmy sd gj|! Dggicijm adpigicjpidas sbdxm` lh shap pd pbh cdkuh+

phap jxpbd|ipy!




CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? JWJIMJLIMIPY DG IAGD\KJPIDA – :8

Cdkumijach vipb pbh Spja`j|`s

J! Jwjimjlimipy dg Iagd|kjpida

Dwh|wihv

<2! Hgghcpiwh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida |hzxi|hs pbh jwjimjlimipy dg |hmijlmhiagd|kjpida! Ia uj|picxmj|- ip |hzxi|hs iagd|kjpida da pbh i`hapipy dg dvah|sja` dpbh| spjnhbdm`h|s js vhmm js iagd|kjpida da pbh p|jasjcpidas cj||ih` dxp

ly hapipihs ja` dpbh| d|fjaisjpidajm sp|xcpx|hs! Sxcb iagd|kjpida kjy lh nhupgd| pjr- |hfxmjpd|y- cdkkh|cijm d| dpbh| |hjsdas! Ig sxcb iagd|kjpida is adpnhup d| pbh iagd|kjpida is adp kjiapjiah` gd| j |hjsdajlmh uh|id` dg pikh- j ox|isìcpida’s cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy7 kjy adp lh jlmh pd dlpjia ja` u|dwi`h ipvbha |hzxhsph`! Pbis shcpida dg pbh |hud|p hsc|ilhs ja` jsshsshs Kjx|ipixs’smhfjm ja` |hfxmjpd|y g|jkhvd|n da jwjimjlimipy dg iagd|kjpida! Ip jmsd jsshsshspbh ikumhkhapjpida ja` hgghcpiwhahss dg pbis g|jkhvd|n!

<9! Iagd|kjpida da pbh dvah|s dg cdkujaihs is jwjimjlmh ia Kjx|ipixspb|dxfb j wj|ihpy dg khcbjaisks! Kdsp adpjlmy- jmm cdkujaihs pd lh iacd|+

ud|jph` xa`h| Kjx|ipija mjv kxsp |hfisph| vipb pbh \hfisp|j| dg Cdkujaihs!Iaipijm |hfisp|jpida vipb pbh \hfisp|j| |hzxi|hs pbh iacd|ud|jpd| pd u|dwi`hpbh i`hapipy dg pbh d|ifiajm sbj|hbdm`h|s$khklh|s! Pbh|hjgph|- pbh cdkujaykxsp gimh ja jaaxjm |hpx|a pbjp- jkdaf dpbh| pbiafs- `dcxkhaps jay cbjafhspd pbh mhfjm dvah|sbiu dg pbh cdkujay! Lhj|h| sbj|hs j|h u|dbiliph` xa`h| Kjx|ipija mjv lxp adkiahh sbj|hbdmìafs j|h jmmdvh`!

7! Pbh ph|k ”cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy‛ khjas pbh uh|sda d| fdwh|akhap jxpbd|ipy `hs+

ifajph` ly j ox|isìcpida js lhiaf cdkuhphap pd hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida ux|sxjap

pd j `dxlmh pjr cdawhapida d| pjr iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh jf|hhkhap!




:7 – CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? JWJIMJLIMIPY DG IAGD\KJPIDA

35! Ia j`ìpida dg lhiaf |hfisph|h` vipb pbh \hfisp|j|- dggsbd|h lxsiahsscdkujaihs j|h michash` ly pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichs Cdkkissida "GSC) ja`kxsp u|dwi`h pbh GSC vipb iagd|kjpida da pbhi| mhfjm ja` lhahgicijm dvah|+sbiu! Pbh mjv |hzxi|hs pbjp lhahgicijm dvah|sbiu iagd|kjpida dg jmm FLC:s

ja` FLC<s is kjiapjiah` ly Kjx|ipija kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs!

3:! Pbh i`hapipy dg pbh mhfjm dvah|s dg uj|pah|sbius is jwjimjlmh vipb pbh\hfisp|j| ja` pbh K\J- ja` lhahgicijm dvah|sbiu iagd|kjpida is jwjimjlmhvipb pbh GSC vbha pbh uj|pah|sbiu bdm`s j FLC: michach!

3<! P|xsps j|h adp |hzxi|h` pd lh |hfisph|h` ia Kjx|ipixs! Bdvhwh|- iagd|kj+pida da pbh i`hapipy dg p|xsp lhahgicij|ihs is u|dwi`h` pd pbh K\J vbha pbh p|xspkjnhs j ìsp|ilxpida pd lhahgicij|ihs! Ia j`ìpida- i`hapipy dg pbh shppmd|- lhahgi+cij|ihs- u|dphcpd| ja` hagd|ch|s is bhm` ly pbh Kjx|ipixs p|xsphh- ja` ly pbh GSCvbha pbh p|xsphh bdm`s j FLC: michach! Gdxa`jpidas d adp hrisp ia Kjx|ipixs!

33! Jmm hapipihs- hrchup FLC<s- kxsp kjiapjia j`hzxjph jccdxapiaf|hcd|`s gd| j kiaikxk dg 8 yhj|s! FLC<s jp j kiaikxk j|h mhfjmmy |hzxi|h`g|dk Oxmy <5:5 pd u|huj|h jaaxjm giajacijm sxkkj|ihs!

30! Hagd|chkhap dg pbh mhfjm u|dwisidas da pbh jwjimjlimipy dg dvah|sbiuja` jccdxapiaf iagd|kjpida- adpjlmy da FLC<s- is spimm mj|fhmy xaphsph`!

38! Ljaniaf iagd|kjpida is jwjimjlmh gd| jmm jccdxap bdm`h|s ux|sxjap pd ljaniaf mjv ja` japi+kdahy mjxa`h|iaf mjv!

37! Ia u|jcpich- pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs iaìcjph pbjp 97( dg pbh HDI|hzxhsps |hchiwh` cdach|ah` dggsbd|h lxsiahss hapipihs "27( cdach|ah`FLC:s- iacmxìaf dah p|xsp- ja` :5( FLC<s) ja` 0( cdach|ah` iaìwi`xjms! Ad |hzxhsp cdach|ah` ada+dggsbd|h hapipihs!

J!:! Dvah|sbiu ja` i`hapipy iagd|kjpida

Cdkujaihs "Pd\6 J!:!:)

36! Cdkujaihs ia Kjx|ipixs j|h iacd|ud|jph` ux|sxjap pd pbh CdkujaihsJcp! Pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp jmmdvs gd| pbh iacd|ud|jpida dg uxlmic ja` u|iwjphcdkujaihs pbjp kjy lh j?

6! Ph|ks dg \hgh|hach pd Kdaipd| ja` \hwihv U|df|hss Pdvj|`s P|jasuj|hacy ja`

Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida

Ox|isìcpidas sbdxm` hasx|h pbjp dvah|sbiu ja` i`hapipy iagd|kjpida gd| jmm |hmhwjap

hapipihs ja` j||jafhkhaps is jwjimjlmh pd pbhi| cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipihs!





Cdkujay mikiph` ly sbj|hs – pbh mijlimipy dg ips sbj|hbdm`h|s is mik+iph` ly ips cdaspipxpida pd jay jkdxap xauji` da pbh sbj|hs |hsuhc+piwhmy bhm` ly pbh sbj|hbdm`h|>

Cdkujay mikiph` ly fxj|japhh – pbh mijlimipy dg ips khklh|s is mik+iph` ly ips cdaspipxpida pd sxcb jkdxap js pbh khklh|s kjy |hsuhc+piwhmy xa`h|pjnh pd cdap|ilxph pd pbh jsshps dg pbh cdkujay ia pbhhwhap dg ips lhiaf vdxa` xu>

Cdkujay mikiph` ly ldpb sbj|hs ja` fxj|japhh – pbh mijlimipy dg ipskhklh|s "j) vbd j|h sbj|hbdm`h|s- is mikiph` pd pbh jkdxap xauji`- ig jay- da pbh sbj|hs |hsuhcpiwhmy bhm` ly pbhk> ja` "l) vbd bjwh fiwha jfxj|japhh- is mikiph`- pd pbh |hsuhcpiwhmy jkdxap pbhy bjwh xa`h|pjnhapd cdap|ilxph- g|dk pikh pd pikh- ja` ia pbh hwhap dg ip lhiaf vdxa` xu>

Xamikiph` cdkujay – j cdkujay vipb ad mikip umjch` da pbh mijlimipydg ips sbj|hbdm h|s!

32! J`ìpidajmmy- cdkujaihs cj||yiaf da giajacijm sh|wich ja` dggsbd|hjcpiwipihs j|h |hzxi|h` pd lh michash`! Pbh gdmmdviaf pyuhs dg michashs hrisp?

Cjphfd|y : Fmdljm Lxsiahss Michach issxh` xa`h| pbh GiajacijmSh|wichs Jcp! J FLC: kjy lh j cdkujay- j uj|pah|sbiu d| j p|xsp! Ipkjy jmsd lh sp|xcpx|h` js j u|dphcph` chmm cdkujay! Pbh :59 hrisp+iaf UCCs u|dwi`h mhfjm shf|hfjpida dg jsshps jpp|ilxpjlmh pd hjcb chmmdg pbh cdkujay- vbhpbh| dvah` ly iaìwi`xjms d| ld`y cd|ud|jph

"U|dphcph` Chmm Cdkujaihs Jcp)!

Cjphfd|y < Fmdljm Lxsiahss Michach issxh` xa`h| pbh GiajacijmSh|wichs Jcp! J FLC< kjy hipbh| lh mikiph` ly sbj|hs d| ly fxj|+japhh d| mikiph` ly sbj|hs ja` fxj|japhh d| sikumy xamikiph`! PbhFLC< u|dwi`hs f|hjph| g mhrilimipy ja` is xsh` gd| bdmìaf ja` kjajf+iaf u|iwjph jsshps!

Ljan kxsp lh michash` xa`h| pbh Ljaniaf Jcp <550!

Jxpbd|ish` kxpxjm gxa`s j|h cdkujaihs shp xu js cdmmhcpiwh iawhsp+

khap scbhkhs js `hgiah` ia pbh Shcx|ipihs Jcp <558!

Iasx|jach cdkujay- |hfisph|h` xa`h| pbh Iasx|jach Jcp!

39! Js dg Oxah <5:5- pbh Kjx|ipixs \hfisp|j| cdxaps 00 <86 `dkhspic cdk+ ujaihs "03 882 u|iwjph cdkujaihs- 858 uxlmic cdkujaihs- ja` :90 gd|hifa cdkuj+aihs)! Js dg @hchklh| <559- pbh GSC cdxaps :5 <85 FLC:s ja` :2 802 FLC<s!Pbh|h j|h :9 ljans ia Kjx|ipixs ia <559!2 Kjx|ipixs hrumjiah` pbjp dah dg pbh

2! Ia pbh uh|id` <552$59- pbh GSC michash` :2 kjajfhkhaps cdkujaihs- : <66

FLC:- ja` : 885 FLC<> ja` jxpbd|ish` :<< Cdmmhcpiwh Iawhspkhap Scbhkhs!




:2 – CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? JWJIMJLIMIPY DG IAGD\KJPIDA

uduxmj| xshs dg pbh FLC<s is pd d|fjaish pbhk xa h| xmpikjph FLC: kjajfh+khap! Gx|pbh|kd|h- lhcjxsh dg ips |hsi hacy spjpxs pbh FLC: is kxcb kd|h mjldx| iaphasiwh wis+j+wis pbh FLC<- vipb ips gimiaf ja` j`kiaisp|jpiwh |hzxi|hkhaps!

Iagd|kjpida bhm` ly pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs

05! Pbh Kjx|ipija pjr jxpbd|ipihs `dhs adp kjiapjia mhfjm ja` lhahgicijmdvah|sbiu iagd|kjpida da Kjx|ipija cdkujaihs ia pbhi| pjr gimhs- siach pbhjaaxjm |hpx|a dg cdkujaihs `dhs adp |hzxi|h pbh ìscmdsx|h dg pbhi| dvah|sbiusp|xcpx|h "shcpida ::7 dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp)! Iagd|kjpida is jwjimjlmh vipbpvd dpbh| uxlmic jxpbd|ipihs!

0:! Gi|sp- pbh \hfisp|j| dg Cdkujaihs "pbh \hfisp|j|) bdm`s iagd|kjpida dapbh mhfjm dvah|sbiu dg jmm cdkujaihs iacd|ud|jph` ux|sxjap pd pbh Cdkujaihs

Jcp! Shcda`- dggsbd|h hapipihs "cdkujaihs- sdciépés ja` p|xsps) kxsp shuj|jphmydlpjia j michach pd cda`xcp pbhi| lxsiahss- gd| vbicb pbh|h j|h shuj|jph iagd|kj+pida cdmmhcpida |hzxi|hkhaps kj`h pd pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichs Cdkkissida "GSC)!

\hfisp|j| dg Cdkujaihs

0<! Pbh juumicjpida gd| iacd|ud|jpida dg j cdkujay pd lh shap pd pbh\hfisp|j| dg Cdkujaihs kxsp cdapjia iagd|kjpida da mhfjm dvah|sbiu- i!h! ”pbhgxmm ajkh ja` |hsi`hapijm j``|hss dg hwh|y sbj|hbdm`h|‛- js vhmm js pbh axklh| dg sbj|hs dg hwh|y sbj|hbdm`h| "shcpida <3"<) dg pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp)! Ip kxsp jmsd

cdapjia pbh ajkh ja` j``|hss dg pbh ì|hcpd|s ja` shc|hpj|y dg pbh cdkujay!9

Pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp `dhs adp |hzxi|h pbh ìscmdsx|h dg jay lhahgicijm dvah|spd pbh \hfisp|j|! @x|iaf pbh da+siph wisip- |hu|hshapjpiwhs dg pbh \hfisp|j| iaì+cjph` pbjp ig j adkiahh |hfisph|s pbh cdkujay da lhbjmg dg jadpbh| uh|sda- pbh\hfisp|j| `dhs adp cbhcn da vbdsh lhbjmg pbh adkiahh jcps> pbh sbj|hbdm`h|sìscmdsh` da pbh gjch dg pbh juumicjpida j|h pjnha pd lh pbh |hfisph|h` dvah|s!

03! Hwh|y cdkujay kxsp gimh vipb pbh \hfisp|j| ja jaaxjm |hpx|a "sifah` ly pbh ì|hcpd| d| shc|hpj|y) pd xu`jph pbh iagd|kjpida sxlkipph` vbha |hfis+ph|iaf "shcpida <<3)- iacmxìaf? pbh ajkh ja` j``|hss dg jmm pbh sbj|hbdm`h|s-

uh|sdas vbd chjsh` pd lh sbj|hbdm`h|s dg pbh cdkujay- pbh axklh| dg sbj|hsbhm` ly hjcb sbj|hbdm`h|- ja` pbh sbj|hs p|jasgh||h`!

00! Vbh|h pbh cdkujay is j sxlsi ij|y dg jadpbh| cd|ud|jpida- pbh jaaxjm|hpx|a kxsp jmsd cdapjia pbh ajkh dg pbh cd|ud|jpida |hfj|`h` ly pbh ì|hc+pd|s js pbh xmpikjph bdmìaf cdkujay- xamhss pbh \hfisp|j| `hph|kiahs pbjp

9! Pbh juumicjpida is sifah` ly jmm ì|hcpd|s ja` jmm iaipijm sbj|hbdm`h|s dg cdkujaihs

mikiph` ly sbj|hs d| jmm khklh|s dg cdkujaihs mikiph` ly fxj|japhh! J |hgh|hach

ia pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp pd ja j``|hss khjas ia |hmjpida pd ja iaìwi`xjm- pbh gxmm

j``|hss dg pbh umjch vbh|h pbjp uh|sda xsxjmmy miwhs "shcpida <)!





sxcb ìscmdsx|h vdxm` lh bj|kgxm pd pbh lxsiahss dg pbh cdkujay- ux|sxjappd pbh Phapb scbh`xmh pd pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp!

08! J uxlmic cdkujay bjwiaf kd|h pbja 855 khklh|s is hrhkuph` g|dk

pbh jaaxjm khklh| misp |hzxi|hkhap- vbh|h j ch|pigicjph ly pbh shc|hpj|y isiacmx`h` pbjp pbh cdkujay u|dwi`hs |hjsdajlmh jccdkkd`jpida ja` gjcimipihsjp j umjch juu|dwh` ly pbh \hfisp|j| gd| uh|sdas pd iasuhcp ja` pjnh j misp dg ips khklh|s ja` uj|picxmj|s dg sbj|hs p|jasgh||h`! Ig pbh cdkujay is j uj|pypd j mispiaf jf|hhkhap vipb j shcx|ipihs hrcbjafh- pbh |hpx|a kxsp cdapjiapbh ajkhs ja` j``|hsshs dg- ja` pbh axklh| dg sbj|hs bhm ly pbh :5 mj|fhspsbj|hbdm h|s "dg hjcb cmjss dg sbj|hs ig kd|h pbja dah cmjss)! Pbh Kjx|ipixsjxpbd|ipihs iaìcjph pbjp :5( dg uxlmic cdkujaihs khhp pbis pb|hsbdm`!

07! Pbh |hfisph| "vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siph$cdkuìwsiph) dg cdkujaihs is uxl+micmy jcchssilmh vipb pbh hrchupida dg |hfisp|jpida `hpjims gd| FLC: ja` FLC<cdkujaihs- vbh|h xa`h| shcpida :0 dg pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp damy j sbj|hbdm`h|-dggich|- kjajfhkhap cdkujay d| |hfisph|h` jfhap dg pbjp cdkujay cja cdasxmppbh |hfisph|! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs bjwh adp hrumjiah` pbh |jpidajmh gd| pbhjcchssilimipy ìggh|hachs lhpvhha `dkhspic ja` fmdljm lxsiahss cdkujaihs!

06! Gd|hifa cdkujaihs cja lh cdapiaxh` ia Kjx|ipixs xa`h| Uj|p RRWdg pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp! Pbhy kxsp u|dwi`h pbh \hfisp|j| vipb pbh `dcxkhapsja` iagd|kjpida pbjp j|h |hzxi|h` gd| pbh |hfisp|jpida dg `dkhspic cdkujaihs-iacmxìaf iagd|kjpida da pbhi| mhfjm dvah|sbiu! Gd|hifa cdkujaihs pbjp hspjl+misb j umjch dg lxsiahss d| cj||y da lxsiahss ia Kjx|ipixs kxsp jmsd |hfisph|

vipb pbh \hfisp|j|- lxp ad dvah|sbiu iagd|kjpida is |hzxi|h`- xamhss ip isiacmx`h` ia dah dg pbh `dcxkhaps pbjp kxsp lh u|dwi`h` ja` xu`jph` "shcpidas<67 ja` <62 dg pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp)!:5 Pbh cdkujaihs kxsp ìscmdsh pbh i`ha+pipy dg ips ì|hcpd|s ja` jxpbd|ish` jfhap! Pbh|h vdxm` pbh|hgd|h shhk pbjp admhfjm dvah|sbiu iagd|kjpida d| damy uj|pijm dvah|sbiu iagd|kjpida is jwjimjlmhcdach|aiaf gd|hifa cdkujaihs adp bdmìaf j fmdljm lxsiahss michach! Uj|pijmiagd|kjpida is jwjimjlmh ig pbh cdkujay duhas j ljan jccdxap ia Kjx|ipixs d| bjs ips jccdxaps jxìph` ly j Kjx|ipija jxìpd|- wij pbh japi+kdahy mjxa`h|+iaf u|dwisidas! Ip sbdxm bdvhwh| lh adph` pbjp Kjx|ipixs bjs iaìcjph` pbjpip bjs |hchiwh` ad HDI |hzxhsp dwh| pbh mjsp pb|hh yhj|s cdach|aiaf jay dg pbh:90 |hfisph|h` gd|hifa cdkujaihs cj||yiaf da lxsiahss ia Kjx|ipixs! Ia j`ì+pida- pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs iaìcjph pbjp kdsp dg pbhsh gd|hifa hapipihs j|h l|jacbhs dg kxmpiajpidajm cdkujaihs- sxcb js l|jacbhs dg gd|hifa ljans!

:5! Pbh gd|hifa cdkujay bjs pd gimh vipb pbh \hfisp|j| j `xmy jxpbhapicjph` cduy dg

ips cdaspipxpida- cbj|ph|- spjpxph d| khkd|ja`xk ja` j|picmh d| dpbh| iasp|xkhap

cdaspipxpiaf d| `hgiaiaf ips cdaspipxpida! ”Gd|hifa cdkujay‛ khjas j ld`y cd|+

ud|jph pbjp is iacd|ud|jph` dxpsi`h Kjx|ipixs ja` pbjp is |hzxi|h` pd lh |hfisph|h`

xa`h| Uj|p RRII dg pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp "shcpida < dg pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp)!




<5 – CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? JWJIMJLIMIPY DG IAGD\KJPIDA

Giajacijm Sh|wichs Cdkkissida

02! Pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichs Cdkkissida "GSC) is pbh |hfxmjpd| iaKjx|ipixs gd| fmdljm "dggsbd|h) lxsiahss ja` pbh giajacijm sh|wichs dpbh| pbja

ljaniaf! Pbh GSC michashs- |hfxmjphs- kdaipd|s ja` sxuh|wishs pbh cda`xcp dg lxsiahss jcpiwipihs ia pbhsh shcpd|s! Ip is |hsudasilmh gd| pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichsJcp- pbh Shcx|ipihs Jcp ja` pbh Iasx|jach Jcp! Pbh GSC is jmsd cbj|fh` pdspx`y ahv jwhaxhs- vd|n dxp dlohcpiwhs- udmicihs ja` u|id|ipihs gd| `hwhmdu+khap dg pbh giajacijm sh|wichs shcpd|!

09! Juumicjpidas gd| fmdljm lxsiahss michachs "cjphfd|y : d| <) j|h kja`j+pd|imy cbjaahmmh` pb|dxfb kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs "shh lhmdv sxl+shcpida dash|wich u|dwi`h|s) ja` pbhi| cdkumijach vipb Kjx|ipija mjvs kxsp lh ch|pigih` ly j mjv u|jcpipidah| "shcpida 6< dg pbh GSJ)!

85! J Cjphfd|y : Fmdljm Lxsiahss cd|ud|jpida "FLC:) is j |hsi`hapcd|ud|jpida vbicb cj||ihs da lxsiahss dxpsi h Kjx|ipixs! Ia j`ìpida- lhgd|hf|japiaf j michach- pbh Cdkkissida |hfj|`s vbhpbh| pbh cda`xcp dg lxsiahssvimm lh d| is lhiaf kjajfh` ja` cdap|dmmh` g|dk Kjx|ipixs! Pbh GSC bjs|hfj|` pd jmm pbh |hmhwjap ci|cxkspjachs dg pbh juumicjpida ja` ia uj|picxmj|-pbh u|dudsh` xmpikjph lxsiahss ux|udsh- pbh|hgd|h j cdkujay cja cda`xcp|hshj|cb ja` `hwhmdukhap ia Kjx|ipixs ia wihv dg ja xmpikjph iawhspkhapjl|dj`! J FLC: zxjmigihs gd| pbh lhahgips dg Kjx|ipixs’s pjr p|hjpihs! J FLC:cja jmsd lh ia pbh gd|k dg j sdciépé "uj|pah|sbius) d| p|xsp d| jay ld`y dg

uh|sdas fdwh|ah` ly pbh mjvs dg Kjx|ipixs "shcpida 6: dg pbh GSJ)!:: J FLC:

cdkujay cja lh sp|xcpx|h` js j UCC! Ig ja juumicjap gd| j FLC: michachvjaps pd cj||y dxp j giajacijm jcpiwipy sxlohcp pd j shuj|jph michach- jxpbd|isj+pida- |hfisp|jpida d| juu|dwjm- h!f! ja iasx|jach michach xa`h| pbh Iasx|jachJcp- ip kxsp dlpjia sxcb j michach- hpc! lhgd|h cdkkhaciaf lxsiahss!

8:! Kdsp dg pbh HDI |hzxhsps |hchiwh` ly Kjx|ipixs dwh| pbh mjsp 3 yhj|s|hmjph pd j FLC: hapipy "27()!

8<! @iscmdsx|h dg mhfjm ja` lhahgicijm dvah|sbiu dg michashhs pd pbh GSCis adp ikudsh` ly pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichs Jcp ì|hcpmy! Shcpida 6< |jpbh| u|d+wi`hs pbjp ”ja juumicjpida gd| j FLC michach sbjmm lh kj`h ia sxcb j gd|kja` ia sxcb kjaah| js kjy lh juu|dwh` ly pbh GSC‛!:< Ip is j |hzxi|hkhap dg pbh juumicjpida gd|k "vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$acl$gsc$`dvamdj`$gd|kj56!

::! Vbh|hjs j gd|hifa cdkujay |hfisph|h` ia Kjx|ipixs cja mhfjmmy jmsd juumy gd| j

FLC: michach- xa`h| pbh sjkh cdaìpidas js `dkhspic cdkujaihs- pbh GSC iaì+

cjphs pbjp ip is ips udmicy gd| pbh ujsp pb|hh yhj|s pd adp jmmdv gd|hifa cdkujaihs pd

dlpjia j FLC michach!

:<! Pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichs "Cdasdmi`jph` Michasiaf ja` Ghhs) \xmhs <552 gx|pbh|

iaìcjphs- ia \xmh :5 pbjp ”Ja juumicjpida gd| j Cjphfd|y : Fmdljm Lxsiahss

Michach d| j Cjphfd|y < Fmdljm Lxsiahss Michach sbjmm lh kj`h da pbh Gd|k




CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? JWJIMJLIMIPY DG IAGD\KJPIDA – <:

u g ) gd| j FLC: michach? ”Cxspdkh| @xh @imifhach "‒C@@’) `dcxkhaps "js`hgiah` xa`h| pbh Cd`h da pbh U|hwhapida dg Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf ja` Ph||d|ispGiajaciaf iapha`h` gd| Kjajfhkhap Cdkujaihs "‒Cd`h’)) da pbh u|dkdph|"s)$sbj|hbdm`h|"s) kxsp lh sxlkipph` ia d|ifiajm d| js ch|pigih` p|xh cduihs‛! Pbis

iacmx`hs j wjmi` cduy dg pbh ujssud|ps dg iaìwi`xjms- ja` j misp dg ì|hcpd|sja` dg cdap|dmmiaf khklh|s dg cd|ud|jph ldìhs "mhfjm dvah|s)! Pbh Kjx|ipijajxpbd|ipihs iaìcjph pbjp michashhs bjwh xa`h| pbhi| michasiaf cdaìpidas pdadpigy pbh GSC dg jay kjph|ijm cbjafh ia pbh lxsiahss- iacmxìaf da dvah|sbiu!

83! Vbha pbh FLC: is sp|xcpx|h` js j UCC- pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihsiaìcjph pbjp pbh C@@ u|dch`x|h juumihs pd ldpb pbh u|dphcph` chmm cdkujayja` pd pbh dvah|s dg pbh sbj|hs dg hjcb dg pbh chmms!:3

80! Pbh GSC juumicjpida kxsp jmsd cdapjia jssx|jachs g|dk pbh kjajfh+khap cdkujay pbjp ip kjiapjias C@@ `dcxkhaps da pbh cdap|dmmiaf sbj|h+bdm`h|s$khklh|s dg pbh cd|ud|jph ld`y pbjp c|hjphs j FLC: ja` pbjp pbhshvimm lh kj`h jwjimjlmh pd pbh GSC xuda |hzxhsp "lhahgicijm dvah|s)! Pbh GSC|hfj|`s js cdap|dmmiaf sbj|hbdm`h| jay uh|sda vbd is hapipmh` pd hrh|cish "d| cdap|dm pbh hrh|cish dg) <5( d| kd|h dg pbh wdpiaf udvh| jp fhah|jm khhpiafsdg pbh cdkujay d| dah vbicb is ia j udsipida pd cdap|dm pbh juudiapkhap ja`$d| |hkdwjm dg ì|hcpd|s bdmìaf j kjod|ipy dg wdpiaf |ifbps jp ldj|` khhpiafsda jmm d| sxlspjapijmmy jmm kjpph|s! "Shh jmsd pbh japi+kdahy mjxa`h|iaf dlmifj+pidas dg kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs lhmdv!)

88! Cjphfd|y < Fmdljm Lxsiahss Michachs "FLC<) cja lh f|japh` damy

pd j Kjx|ipija u|iwjph cdkujay iacd|ud|jph` xa`h| pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp! JFLC< cjaadp cda`xcp lxsiahss vipb uh|sdas |hsi`hap ia Kjx|ipixs ad| bjwhjay `hjmiafs ia Kjx|ipija cx||hacy! J FLC< is hrhkup g|dk pbh u|dwisidas dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp ja` is cdasi`h|h` j ada+|hsi`hap gd| pjr ux|udshs! FLC<spbh|hgd|h `d adp lhahgip g|dk Kjx|ipixs’s @PCs! J FLC< cjaadp cda`xcpgiajacijm sh|wichs jcpiwipihs> kjajfiaf d| `hjmiaf vipb j cdmmhcpiwh iawhspkhapgxa`- d| uh|gd|k pbh jcpiwipihs dg j kjajfhkhap cdkujay!

87! Pbh GSC |hchiwhs iagd|kjpida da pbh mhfjm dvah|sbiu dg FLC<s vbha u|dchssiaf pbh michach juumicjpida!:0 Siach Ghl|xj|y <5:5- ip jmsd |hchiwhs lhahgi+

cijm dvah|sbiu iagd|kjpida pdfhpbh| vipb ahv juumicjpidas gd| j FLC< michach!

lhj|iaf pbh cd||hsudaìaf cd`h js misph` ia pbh gi|sp cdmxka dg Uj|p < dg pbh Gi|spScbh`xmh‛!

:3! Ux|sxjap pd shcpida 6"<) dg pbh UCC Jcp ”ad chmm sbjmm lh c|hjph` vipbdxp pbh

juu|dwjm dg pbh GSC- sxlohcp pd sxcb hrhkupida js ip kjy `hph|kiah‛!

:0! Giajacijm Sh|wichs "Cdasdmi`jph` Michasiaf ja` Ghhs) \xmhs <552- shcpida :<"<)!

Pbh GSC dlpjias jmm pbh iagd|kjpida da FLC<s pbjp pbh \hfisp|j| |hchiwhs ux|sx+

jap pd pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp!




CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? JWJIMJLIMIPY DG IAGD\KJPIDA – <3

Iagd|kjpida bhm` ly cdkujaihs ja` dpbh| uh|sdas

Pbh cdkujay

75! J cdkujay iacd|ud|jph` d| |hfisph|h` xa`h| pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp is|hzxi|h` xa`h| shcpida 9: dg pbh Jcp pd kjiapjia j sbj|h |hfisph| vbicb kxsp|hcd|`- jkdafsp dpbh| iagd|kjpida- pbh ajkhs ja` pbh mjsp nadva j``|hss dg hjcb uh|sda vbd is d| bjs vipbia pbh mjsp 6 yhj|s lhha j sbj|hbdm`h|> js vhmmjs pbh `jph dg jay p|jasgh| dg sbj|hs ja` pbh ajkh dg pbh uh|sda pd d| g|dkvbdk pbh sbj|hs vh|h p|jasgh||h`!

7:! J uxlmic cdkujay d| sxlsiìj|y d| bdmìaf cdkujay dg j uxlmic cdk+ ujay kxsp jmsd kjiapjia j |hfisph| dg sxlspjapijm sbj|hbdm`h|s ia vbicb pbh uj|picxmj|s dg hwh|y sbj|h bhm` ì|hcpmy d| iaì|hcpmy ly j sxlspjapijm sbj|h+

bdm`h| is |hcd|`h` "shcpida 9:"<) dg pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp)! Pbh pb|hsbdm` gd| `hph|kiaiaf ”sxlspjapijm sbj|hbdm`h|‛ is 8( dg pbh jff|hfjph wdpiaf udvh| hrh|cisjlmh " i|hcpmy d| pb|dxfb j adkiahh) "shcpida <)! Pbh sbj|h |hfisph| kxsp lh nhup ia Kjx|ipixs- jp j umjch adpigih` pd pbh \hfisp|j| "shcpida 9<)!

7<! Cbjafhs ia j cdkujay’s dvah|sbiu kxsp lh haph|h` iapd pbh sbj|h|hfisph| vipbia <2 `jys dg pbh p|jasgh| dg sbj|h "shcpida 22 dg pbh CdkujaihsJcp)! J shc|hpj|y d| ì|hcpd| :6 vbd gjims pd pjnh |hjsdajlmh sphus pd hasx|hpbjp pbh sbj|h |hfisph| is u|duh|my nhup cdxm` lh mijlmh pd j giah adp hrchhìafKX\ <55 555 "HX\ 8 555- shcpida 90)!

73! Vbh|h j gd|hifa uxlmic cdkujay bjs sbj|hbdm`h|s |hsi`hap iaKjx|ipixs- ip kxsp nhhu jp ips |hfisph|h` dggich ia Kjx|ipixs j l|jacb |hfisph| dg Kjx|ipija sbj|hbdm`h|s "shcpida <28)!

Sh|wich u|dwi`h|s "kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs)

70! Pbh GSC michashs kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs xa`h| shcpida 66 dg pbhGiajacijm Sh|wichs Jcp! Pbhy shp xu- j`kiaisph|- kjajfh ja` u|dwi`h adki+ahh ja` dpbh| sh|wichs pd j cd|ud|jpida "h!f! fmdljm lxsiahss cdkujaihs) d| jcp js cd|ud|jph p|xsphh d| zxjmigih` p|xsphh xa`h| pbh P|xsps Jcp <55:! Js pbh

GSC |hzxi|hs pbjp jmm juumicjpidas gd| j fmdljm lxsiahss michach lh cbjaahmmh`pb|dxfb j kjajfhkhap cdkujay- pbh mjpph| bjs pbh |hsudasilimipy dg whppiafja` cj||yiaf dxp `xh ìmifhach dg ips cmihaps!

78! J FLC: kxsp lh j`kiaisph|h` ly j kjajfhkhap cdkujay ja` jFLC< kxsp juudiap j kjajfhkhap cdkujay js |hfisph|h` jfhap ia Kjx|ipixs!Kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs pbh|hgd|h jcp js iaph|khìj|ihs lhpvhha pbhi| cmihapsja` pbh GSC! Sh|wichs u|dwi`h` ly kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs j|h iaph| jmij?

:6! J FLC: kxsp bjwh jp mhjsp pvd ì|hcpd|s |hsi`hap ia Kjx|ipixs- ux|sxjap pd shc+

pida 6:"0)"l) dg pbh GSJ!





cdkujay ja` p|xsp gd|kjpida ja` j`kiaisp|jpida>

P|xsphhsbiu sh|wichs>

U|dghssidajm j`wich da cdkujay mjv- p|xsps ja` pjr |hmjph` issxhs>

U|dwisida dg ì|hcpd|s- shc|hpj|y ja` adkiahh sbj|hbdm`h|s "Shcpida62":) dg pbh GSJ jxpbd|ishs jay kjajfhkhap cdkujay pd uh|gd|kpbh gxacpidas dg j adkiahh cdkujayja`- sxlohcp pd pbh juu|dwjm dg pbh GSC- pd gd|k j adkiahh cdkujay ja` u|dwi`h adkiahh sh|wichspd FLCs!)>

|hfisph|h` Jfhaps gd| Cjphfd|y < Fmdljm Lxsiahss Michashhs>

|hfisph|h` Dggich gd| Cjphfd|y : ja` Cjphfd|y < Fmdljm LxsiahssMichashhs>

u|huj|jpida dg iacd|ud|jpida ja` juumicjpida `dcxkhaps gd| FmdljmLxsiahss Michachs>

udsp+spjpxpd|y cdkumijach vipb cdkujay ja` pjr mjvs "gimiaf dg cbjafhs da @i|hcpd|s- sbj|hbdm`h|s- hpc!)>

u|huj|jpida dg `dcxkhaps gd| juumicjpidas gd| |hsi`hach ja` vd|n uh|kips- `xpy hrhkupida- hpc!> ja`

kjiaphajach dg lddns ja` jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s!

77! Pbh <558 Cd`h da pbh U|hwhapida dg Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf ja` Ph||d|ispGiajaciaf iapha`h` gd| Kjajfhkhap Cdkujaihs |hzxi|hs pbhk pd pjnh hgghc+piwh cxspdkh| `xh ìmifhach "C@@) khjsx|hs vbha hspjlmisbiaf j lxsiahss|hmjpidasbiu vipb ja juumicjap gd| lxsiahss "FLC: ja` FLC<)! Ia uj|picxmj|-pbh kjajfhkhap cdkujay kxsp i`hapigy ja` wh|igy pbh i`hapipy dg pbh mhfjmja` lhahgicijm dvah|s dg pbh juumicjap- ia sxcb j vjy pbjp ip is sjpisgih` pbjpip nadvs vbd pbh lhahgicijm dvah| is!:2 Pbh Cd`h "ja` GSC) `hgiahs lhahgi+cijm dvah|s js pbh ajpx|jm uh|sda"s) vbd xmpikjphmy dvas d| cdap|dms j cxs+pdkh| ja`$d| pbh uh|sda da vbdsh lhbjmg j p|jasjcpida is lhiaf cda`xcph`!Ip jmsd iacmx`hs pbdsh uh|sdas vbd hrh|cish xmpikjph hgghcpiwh cdap|dm dwh| j

:2! J kjajfhkhap cdkujay is j michashh dg pbh GSC> pbh|hgd|h xuda shppiaf j FLC

ip bjs ja dlmifjpida pd cda`xcp ja` pd bdm` da |hcd|`s cdkumhph C@@ cbhcns da

pbh u|dkdph| d| dvah| dg pbh FLC! Kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs kxsp jmsd cdagi|k

pd pbh GSC pbjp pbhy bdm` da |hcd|`s jp pbhi| dggich pbh C@@ ja` japi kdahy mjxa+

`h|iaf cbhcns da pbh ìggh|hap hapipihs- cdap|dmmiaf sbj|hbdm`h|s ja` iaìwi`xjms

dg pbh FLC- ja` pbjp pbhsh |hcd|`s j|h jwjimjlmh pd pbh GSC xuda |hzxhsp! Pbh

kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs kxsp sikimj|my cdagi|k pbjp pbhy vimm hrh|cish habjach`

`xh ìmifhach vipb |hsuhcp pd p|jasjcpidas vipb cdxap|ihs pbjp j|h adp misph` js

hzxiwjmhap ox|isìcpidas ia pbh GSC’s Cd`h!





mhfjm uh|sda d| j||jafhkhap! Pbis `hgiaipida is hrp|hkhmy l|dj`! Vbha pbhjsshsskhap phjk zxhspidah` pbh ghjsilimipy dg sxcb wh|igicjpidas vbh|h pbhdvah|sbiu cbjia is dwh|shjs- pbh GSC ja` kjajfhkhap cdkujay |hu|hshapj+piwhs khp `x|iaf pbh da+siph wisip |hcdfaish` pbjp ip u|dwh` ìggicxmp ia sdkh

iaspjachs! Ig pbh iagd|kjpida is adp u|dwi`h` d| pbh GSC cdasi`h|s pbjp pbhC@@ cbhcns bjwh adp lhha cda`xcph` u|duh|my- pbh michach is adp f|japh`!

76! Cdach|aiaf FLC<s- pbh kjajfhkhap cdkujay "|hfisph|h` jfhap)kxsp jmvjys bjwh ja` |hpjia "jp ips |hfisph|h` dggich) gxmm `dcxkhapjpida dapbh i`hapipy dg pbh lhahgicijm dvah|s- xamhss |hmijach bjs lhha umjch` xuda hmi+filmh iap|d`xch|s "js `hgiah` ia pbh <558 Cd`h) gd| xa`h|pjniaf C@@! Vbha|hzxhsph`- pbh |hfisph|h` jfhap kxsp u|dwi`h pbh C@@ `dcxkhapjpida pd pbhGSC vipbdxp `hmjy!

72! Pbh Fxi`h "vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$acl$gsc$`dvamdj`$Fxi`hFLC<:25<:5! u`g ) pd cdkumhpiaf ja juumicjpida gd|k gd| j FLC< michach vj|as pbjp `hmilh|+jph cdachjmkhap dg j adkiahh sp|xcpx|h ly j kjajfhkhap cdkujay vimm lh|hfj|`h` js j sh|idxs schaj|id – ja` js sxcb kjy lh j kjpph| gd| ìsciumiaj|yjcpida "shh shcpida J!:!7 lhmdv)! Pbh kjajfhkhap cdkujay sbdxm` shhn pd

u|dlh gx|pbh| vbh|h ip is nadva d| vbh|h ip dxfbp pd lh nadva pbjp pbh sp|xc+px|h u|dudsh` cdachjms j adkiahh j||jafhkhap!

79! Jccd|ìafmy- kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs kxsp nhhu pbh i`hapipy- mhfjmja` lhahgicijm dvah|sbiu iagd|kjpida dg jmm pbhi| FLC: ja` FLC< cmihaps!I`hapipy |hcd|`s kxsp lh kjiapjiah` gd| pbh `x|jpida dg hjcb |hmjpidasbiu ja`

gd| j uh|id` dg jp mhjsp 6 yhj|s pbh|hjgph| "uj|jf|jub 6!3 dg pbh <558 Cd`h)!

65! Iawhspkhap gxa`s ia Kjx|ipixs gjmm xa`h| pbh ox|isìcpida dg pbh GSC-ja` js sxcb pbhy j|h sxlohcp pd iagd|kjpida cdmmhcpida |xmhs xa`h| pbh kdahymjxa`h|iaf ja` ph||d|isp giajaciaf mjvs! Ia pbis |hsuhcp- pbh GSC bjs issxh`Cd`hs da pbh U|hwhapida dg Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf ja` Ph||d|isp Giajaciafiapha`h` gd| Iawhspkhap lxsiahsshs! Pbhsh Cd`hs ikudsh dlmifjpidas damichashhs- ja` pbhi| kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs- pd hasx|h pbjp pbhy bdm j`hzxjphiagd|kjpida da pbhi| cmihaps!

Ljans ja` giajacijm iaspipxpidas

6:! Dvah|sbiu ja` i`hapipy iagd|kjpida is jwjimjlmh vipb ljans ja` dpbh| giajacijm iaspipxpidas ux|sxjap pd pbh Ljaniaf Jcp- pbh Giajacijm Iaphmmifhachja` Japi+Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf Jcp "GIJKMJ) ja` |hfxmjpidas ja` fxi`jachadphs |hmjpiaf pd kdahy mjxa`h|iaf!

6<! Ljans ja` dpbh| giajacijm iaspipxpidas kxsp bjwh jwjimjlmh i`hapipyiagd|kjpida da pbhi| cmihaps "”Nadv ydx| cxspdkh|‛ u|iaciumh- shcpida 88 dg pbh Ljaniaf Jcp ja` shcpida :6 dg pbh GIJKMJ)! Jadaykdxs ja` gicpipidxs

jccdxaps j|h adp jmmdvh` "Giajacijm Iaphmmifhach ja` Japi+Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf





\hfxmjpidas <553- \hfxmjpida 3":))! Pbh |hphapida uh|id` gd| i`hapigicjpida`dcxkhaps is shwha yhj|s!:9

63! Pbh Ljan dg Kjx|ipixs bjs issxh` Fxi`jach Adphs da Japi+Kdahy

Mjxa`h|iaf ja` Cdkljpiaf pbh Giajaciaf dg Ph||d|isk "LdK Fxi`jach)!Pbhy u|dwi`h pbjp ”Ig gxa`s pbjp j|h pd lh `hudsiph` d| p|jasgh||h` j|h lhiafsxuumih` da lhbjmg dg j pbi|` uj|py- pbha pbh i`hapipy dg pbh pbi|` uj|py sbdxm` lh hspjlmisbh` ja` wh|igih`‛ "uj|jf|jub 7!<7)! Pbh Fxi`jach gx|pbh| j``spbjp pbh ljans sbdxm` c|dss+cbhcn pbh iagd|kjpida u|dwi`h` ly pbh udphapijmcxspdkh| ly jcchssiaf jwjimjlmh uxlmic `jpjljshs "uj|jf|jub 7!<6)!

60! Pbh LdK Fxi`jach da cd|ud|jph cxspdkh|s iaìcjphs pbjp pbh giaja+cijm iaspipxpida sbdxm` wh|igy "i) pbh i`hapipy dg pbdsh vbd xmpikjphmy dva d| bjwh cdap|dm dwh| pbh cdkujay’s lxsiahss ja` jsshps- kd|h uj|picxmj|my pbhi| ì|hcpd|s- pbhi| sifaigicjap sbj|hbdm`h|s "i!h! bdmìaf kd|h pbja <5( dg pbhsbj|hs dg ada misph` cdkujaihs)<5 ja` pbhi| jxpbd|ish` sifajpd|ihs> "ii) pbhmhfjm hrisphach dg pbh cdkujay "uj|jf|jub 7!75)! Pbh LdK Fxi`jach jmsd u|dwi`hs suhcigic fxi`jach gd| pbh i`hapigicjpida dg uh|sdas lhbia` p|xsps- uj|pah|sbius- hpc!

68! \hfxmjpida :: dg pbh Giajacijm Iaphmmifhach ja` Japi+Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf\hfxmjpidas <553 u|dwi`hs pbjp jay uh|sda vbd cdap|jwhahs pbhsh |hfxmjpidassbjmm cdkkip ja dgghach ja` sbjmm da cdawicpida lh mijlmh pd j giah xu pd KX\ :55 555 "HX\ < 855) ja` pd iku|isdakhap xu pd < yhj|s!

Lhj|h| sbj|hs "Pd\ J!:!<)

67! Ad cdkujay d| sdciépé kjy issxh lhj|h| sbj|hs d| lhj|h| sbj|h ch|+pigicjphs ia Kjx|ipixs!

:9! Xa`h| shcpida :6 dg pbh GIJKMJ ljans ja` cjsb `hjmh|s j|h |hzxi|h` pd

nhhu |hcd|`s- |hfisph|s ja` `dcxkhaps js |hzxi|h` xa`h| pbh Jcp ja` |hmhwjap\hfxmjpidas! Pbis shcpida is cdkumhkhaph` ly \hfxmjpida 2 dg pbh Giajacijm

Iaphmmifhach ja` Japi+Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf \hfxmjpidas <553- vbicb u|dwi`hs pbjp|hmhwjap uh|sdas kxsp nhhu |hcd|`s dg cxspdkh| i`hapigicjpida- gd| adp mhss pbja

8 yhj|s jgph| pbh cmdsx|h dg pbh jccdxap d| chssjpida dg lxsiahss |hmjpidasbiu vipbpbh cxspdkh| cdach|ah`! Pbh LdK Fxi jach Adphs |jish pbh |hphapida uh|id` pd

6 yhj|s!

<5! ”Sifaigicjap sbj|hbdm h|s‛ khjas sbj|hbdm h|s- dpbh| pbja sbj|hbdm`h|s vbicb

j|h cdkujaihs misph` da j |hcdfaish`- `hsifajph` ja` juu|dwh` Spdcn$Iawhspkhap

Hrcbjafh- vbd ì|hcpmy d| iaì|hcpmy bdm` <5( d| kd|h dg pbh cjuipjm d| dg pbh

wdpiaf |ifbps dg pbh cdkujay!





jwjimjlmh pd pbh GSC xuda |hzxhsp! Gd| sdciépés- ip kxsp cdapjia pbh `hpjimsdg pbh u|iaciujms- j`kiaisp|jpd|s d| fé|japs dg pbh sdciépé "GSC japi+kdahymjxa`h|iaf Cd`h)!

22! Giajmmy- pbh LdK Fxi`jach Adphs da Japi+Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf |hzxi|hpbjp ljans ja` dpbh| giajacijm iaspipxpidas cbhcn pbh i`hapipy dg pbhi| cmihaps-iacmxìaf pbh i`hapipy dg jay uj|pah| dvaiaf d| cdap|dmmiaf kd|h pbja :5(dg j uj|pah|sbiuja` pbh ljan kxsp dlpjia pbh ”Jcph `h sdciépé‛ "`hh`) dg sdciépés!

P|xsps "Pd\ J!:!0)

29! Ip is udssilmh pd gd|k j p|xsp ia Kjx|ipixs- xa`h| pbh Kjx|ipija P|xspsJcp <55: "vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$acl$gsc$mhfisafxi`hs!bpkm )!<< Pbh ìggh|hap

pyuhs dg p|xsps j|h u|dphcpiwh p|xsps- ux|udsh p|xsps ja` cbj|ipjlmh p|xsps "shc+pidas :2- :9 ja` <5)! J p|xsp kxsp lh c|hjph` ly ja iasp|xkhap ia v|ipiaf ja`jmm p|xsps kxsp lh shp xu xa`h| pbh P|xsps Jcp! Ada+cipihas cja c|hjph j p|xsp iaKjx|ipixs ja` lh lhahgicij|ihs "shcpida 2"3) ja` "0))!

95! Gd|hifa p|xsps "i!h! p|xsp pbh u|duh| mjv dg vbicb is adp pbh mjv dg Kjx|ipixs)<3 j|h |hcdfaish` ja` hagd|chjlmh ia Kjx|ipixs! J Kjx|ipixs |hsi+`hap cja lh pbh p|xsphh- u|dphcpd| d| j`kiaisp|jpd| dg j gd|hifa p|xsp! Hrchupgd| p|xsps j`kiaisph|h` ly kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs- ja` p|xsps j`kiais+

<<! J p|xsp hrisps vbh|h j uh|sda "nadva js j ®p|xsphh¾) bdm`s d| bjs whsph` ia bik-

d| is `hhkh` pd bdm` d| bjwh whsph` ia bik- u|duh|py dg vbicb bh is adp pbh dvah|

ia bis dva |ifbp- vipb j gi`xcij|y dlmifjpida pd bdm`- xsh- `hjm d| ìsudsh dg ip

"j) gd| pbh lhahgip dg jay uh|sda "j ”lhahgicij|y‛)- vbhpbh| d| adp yhp jsch|pjiah`

d| ia hrisphach> "l) gd| jay ux|udsh- iacmxìaf j cbj|ipjlmh ux|udsh- vbicb is adp

gd| pbh lhahgip damy dg pbh p|xsphh> d| "c) j cdkliajpida dg "j) ja` "l)! "shcpida 3)

J cbj|ipjlmh p|xsp j p|xsp sbjmm lh `hhkh` pd lh cbj|ipjlmh vbh|h pbh p|xsp bjs

js ips hrcmxsiwh ux|udsh d| dlohcp dah d| kd|h dg pbh gdmmdviaf – "j) pbh |hmihg

dg udwh|py> "l) pbh j`wjachkhap dg h`xcjpida> "c) pbh j`wjachkhap dg |hmifida>

"`) pbh u|dphcpida dg pbh hawi|dakhap> "h) pbh j`wjachkhap dg bxkja |ifbps ja`gxa`jkhapjm g|hh`dks> "g) jay dpbh| ux|udsh lhahgicijm pd pbh uxlmic ia fhah|jm

"shcpida <5":) dg pbh p|xsps Jcp! J cbj|ipjlmh p|xsp is pbh|hgd|h adp cdasi`h|h` j

|hmhwjap hapipy gd| pbh ux|udsh dg pbh |hwihv!

<3! Shcpida 7: dg pbh P|xsp Jcp <55:? ":) Sxlohcp pd sxlshcpida "<)- pbh u|duh| mjv dg j

p|xsp is "j) pbh mjv hru|hssh` ly pbh ph|ks dg pbh p|xsp d| iapha`h` ly pbh shppmd| pd

lh pbh u|duh| mjv> "l) vbh|h ad sxcb mjv is hru|hssh` d| iapha`h`- pbh mjv vipb

vbicb pbh p|xsp bjs ips cmdshsp cdaahcpida jp pbh pikh dg ips c|hjpida "h!f! umjch dg

j`kiaisp|jpida- sipxs dg pbh jsshps- umjch dg |hsi`hach dg pbh p|xsphh)> d| "c) pbh mjv

dg Kjx|ipixs vbh|h pbh mjv |hgh||h` pd ia "j) d| "l) `dhs adp u|dwi`h gd| p|xsps d|

pbh cjphfd|y dg p|xsps iawdmwh`!




CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? JWJIMJLIMIPY DG IAGD\KJPIDA – 3:

da |hcd|`s C@@ `dcxkhaps da pbh lhahgicij|ihs-<8 pbjp bjs lhha dlpjiah` g|dkj |hcdfaih` sdx|ch! Ip kxsp jmsd cdapjia pbh ajkh dg pbh p|xsp- ips `jph ja` umjch dg |hfisp|jpida- ja` ja iaìcjpida dg jsshps wjmxh bhm` ly pbh p|xsp!

Iagd|kjpida nhup ly pbh p|xsphhs ja` sh|wich u|dwi`h|s

96! P|xsphhs ja` lhahgicij|ihs kxsp lh spjph` ia pbh p|xsp iasp|xkhap ja`pbh P|xsps Jcp |hzxi|hs pbjp jp mhjsp dah p|xsphh is- jp jmm pikhs- j zxjmigih`p|xsphh "shcpida <2)- `hgiah` js j kjajfhkhap cdkujay michash` ly pbh GSCd| j uh|sda |hsi`hap ia Kjx|ipixs jxpbd|ish` ly pbh GSC pd u|dwi`h p|xsphhsbiush|wichs "shcpida <)! Ia u|jcpich kdsp zxjmigih` p|xsphhs lhmdaf pd dah dg pbh<7 kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs michash` pd u|dwi`h cd|ud|jph p|xsphh sh|wichs iaKjx|ipixs!

92! Gd| cxspdkh| `xh ìmifhach da p|xsps- pbh GSC Cd`h gd| KjajfhkhapCdkujaihs u|dwi`hs pbjp j kjajfhkhap cdkujay+p|xsphh kxsp wh|igy pbhi`hapipy dg pbh shppmd|s- u|dphcpd|s- hagd|ch|s d| lhahgicij|ihs dg j p|xsp vipb|hsuhcp pd bis$bh| ajkh- uh|kjahap |hsi`hapijm j``|hss- `jph ja` umjch dg li|pbja` ajpidajmipy! Pbh p|xsphh kxsp nhhu ia Kjx|ipixs cduihs dg jmm `dcx+khapjpida xsh` pd wh|igy pbh jldwh+khapidah` i`hapipihs gd| pbh `x|jpida dg pbh |hmjpidasbiu vipb pbh p|xsp ja` gd| jp mhjsp shwha yhj|s pbh|hjgph|! Ig jgd|hifa p|xsp is j`kiaisph|h` ly j kjajfhkhap cdkujay d| j kjajfhkhapcdkujay is dah dg ips p|xsphhs- pbh GSC Cd`h vdxm` lh juumicjlmh!

99! Vipb |hfj|` pd ja iaìwi`xjm jxpbd|ish` ly pbh GSC pd jcp js zxjmigih`p|xsphh- pbh uh|sda kxsp- xa`h| shcpida <9 dg pbh GSJ- cda`xcp cxspdkh| `xhìmifhach dg ips cxspdkh|s ia jccd|`jach vipb pbh GIJKMJ- ig ip gjmms xa`h| pbh `hgiaipida dg ”khklh| dg j |hmhwjap u|dghssida d| dccxujpida‛ xa`h| pbhGIJKMJ! Pbh GSC bjs juu|dwh` pbh juudiapkhap dg iaìwi xjm p|xsphhs ia:9 cjshs- hsshapijmmy gd| dkhspic cbj|ipjlmh p|xsps!

Gdxa`jpidas "Pd\ J!:!8)

:55! Pbh cdachup dg gdxa`jpida `dhs adp hrisp ia Kjx|ipija mjv! Pbh iap|d+

`xcpida pd Uj|mijkhap dg j Gdxa`jpida Limm bjs lhha jaadxach` gd| pbh uh|id`<5:5+<5:8!

<8! Gd| j ìsc|hpidaj|y p|xsp- j v|ippha cdagi|kjpida g|dk pbh kjajfhkhap cdkujay

pd pbh hgghcp pbjp ip bjs j`hzxjph j||jafhkhaps ia umjch vipb pbh p|xsphh dg pbh

p|xsp pd kjnh jwjimjlmh pd pbh kjajfhkhap cdkujay- C@@ `dcxkhaps da pbh

lhahgicij|ihs jp pbh pikh dg ìsp|ilxpidas ja` pbjp ip is cdkgd|pjlmh pbjp pbhsh

j||jafhkhaps vimm hajlmh ip pd sjpisgy ips dlmifjpida xa`h| shcpida 0!: dg pbh Cd`h!




3< – CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? JWJIMJLIMIPY DG IAGD\KJPIDA

Hagd|chkhap u|dwisidas pd hasx|h jwjimjlimipy dg iagd|kjpida"Pd\ J!:!7)

:5:! Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` bjwh ia umjch hgghcpiwh hagd|chkhap u|dwisidas pd

hasx|h pbh jwjimjlimipy dg dvah|sbiu ja` i`hapipy iagd|kjpida- dah udssilim+ipy jkdaf dpbh|s lhiaf sxggicihapmy sp|daf cdkuxmsd|y udvh|s pd jcchss pbhiagd|kjpida! Pbis sxlshcpida dg pbh |hud|p jsshsshs vbhpbh| pbh u|dwisidas|hzxi|iaf pbh jwjimjlimipy dg iagd|kjpida vipb pbh uxlmic jxpbd|ipihs d| vipbiapbh cd|ud|jph hapipihs |hwihvh` ia shcpida J!: j|h hagd|chjlmh ja` gjimx|hs j|h uxaisbjlmh! Zxhspidas mianh` pd jcchss j|h `hjmp vipb ia Uj|p L!


:5<! Vbh|h j uh|sda gjims pd sxlkip j |hpx|a xa`h| shcpida ::<- ::7 d| ::9

dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp- bh sbjmm lh mijlmh pd ujy pd pbh @i|hcpd|+Fhah|jm jaj`kiaisp|jpiwh uhajmpy |hu|hshapiaf KX\ < 555 "HX\ 85) uh| kdapb- xapimpbh |hpx|a is sxlkipph - vipb j kjrikxk dg KX\ <5 555 "HX\ 855)! Vbh|hj cdkujay- sdciépé- p|xsp d| p|xsphh sxlkips j |hpx|a lxp `dhs adp gimm ia jmmpbh uj|ps dg pbh |hpx|a- ip sbjmm lh `hhkh` adp pd bjwh sxlkipph` j |hpx|a jaìp sbjmm lh mijlmh pd ujy pbh sjkh giah "shcpida :<:)! Ia j`ìpida- hwh|y uh|sdavbd gjims pd gx|aisb j |hpx|a dg iacdkh cdkkips ja dgghach ja` is mijlmh- dacdawicpida- pd j giah xu pd KX\ 8 555 "HX\ :<8) ja` iku|isdakhap xu pd7 kdapbs "shcpida :02)! Jay uh|sda vbd vimgxmmy ja` vipb iaphap pd hwj`hiacdkh pjr sxlkips j gjmsh |hpx|a dg iacdkh is mijlmh pd j giah xu pd KX\

85 555 "HX\ : <85) ja` iku|isdakhap xu pd pvd yhj|s "shcpida :06)!

:53! Ia u|jcpich- sdkh sjacpidas bjwh jm|hj`y lhha ikudsh` jfjiasp uh|sdasvbd bjwh adp gimh` pbhi| pjr |hpx|a! Ia cdap|jsp- pbh K\J bjs ahwh| |hgh||h`gd| u|dshcxpida j uh|sda vbd bj` gjimh` pd nhhu jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s! Pbh K\J|jpbh| uh|gd|ks j ”lhsp ox`fhkhap jsshsskhap‛? ip hspikjphs pbh iacdkh dg pbh uh|sda- ja` ig pbis uh|sda vjaps pd dlohcp- pbh daxs dg u|ddg is da bik! PbhK\J bjs jmsd l|dj` iawhspifjpiwh ja` iasuhcpida udvh|s "shh Uj|p L lhmdv)!


:50! Pbh \hfisp|j| |hchiwhs iagd|kjpida g|dk jmm cdkujaihs- cdkkh|cijm uj|pah|sbius ja` iaìwi`xjm hap|hu|hahx|s! Pbh \hfisp|j| bjs hagd|chkhap udvh|s! Gi|sp dg jmm- ip |hohcps iacdkumhph juumicjpidas- d| juumicjpidas ja``dcxkhaps pbjp j|h adp ia jccd|`jach vipb pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp "shcpida :<)-vbicb jkdxaps pd dah zxj|ph| dg jmm juumicjpidas- jccd|ìaf pd pbh \hfisp|j|!Ia j`ìpida- vbh|h j uh|sda gjims pd cdkumy vipb jay |hzxi|hkhap |hmjpiaf pdpbh gimiaf dg j `dcxkhap- pbh \hfisp|j| kjy |hzxi|h pbh uh|sda pd kjnh fdd`pbh `hgjxmp vipbia :0 `jys "shcpida :6) ja` xmpikjphmy juumy pd pbh cdx|p gd| jad|`h| ì|hcpiaf pbh uh|sda pd cdkumy vipb pbh |hzxi|hkhap! Ia sxcb j cjsh- ja

juumicjpida vdxm` lh kj`h ly pbh \hfisp|j| pb|dxfb pbh Jppd|ahy Fhah|jm’s





`jkjfh pd pbh iaphf|ipy dg giajacijm sh|wichs ia`xsp|y d| pd u|dphcp pbh uxlmicia fhah|jm! U|id| pd pbh |hwdcjpida- ip kxsp fiwh pbh FLC adpich dg ips iaphapidapd |hwdnh pbh michach ja` jggd|` ip ja duud|pxaipy pd kjnh |hu|hshapjpidasia v|ipiaf "shcpidas 6- <6- 83 ja` 60)! Pbh GSC da+siph iasuhcpidas juumy pd

kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs ja` FLC:s!

:::! Siach <550- pbh GSC bjs `hjmp vipb :5+:8 sx|whimmjach u|dchhìafs uh| yhj| vipb |hsuhcp pd pbh fmdljm lxsiahss shcpd|- sdkh dg vbicb bjwh mh` pdcdx|p cjshs! Sdkh kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs |hchiwh` vj|aiafs ja` cd||hcph`pbh `hgicihacihs bifbmifbph` ly GSC u|dchhìafs! Pbh GSC jmsd iagd|kh` pbhjsshsskhap phjk pbjp ia sdkh iaspjachs- pbh kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs u|hgh| pd spdu pbhi| jcpiwipihs lhgd|h pbhi| michach vdxm` lh |hwdnh`!

::<! Ia Kjy <5:5- pbh GSC iaipijph` u|dchhìafs "iazxi|y) iapd pbh jcpiwi+pihs dg sir cdkujaihs vipb j wihv pd |hwdniaf pbhi| fmdljm michachs! Ip jmsdsxsuha`h` pbhi| fmdljm lxsiahss ja` giajacijm sh|wichs michachs "shcpidas <6-00- 60 ja` 68)! Pbh GSC |hwdnh` pbh michach dg giwh dg pbhk jgph| pbh da+siphwisip! Xuda sxsuhasida- pbh bdm`h| dg j giajacijm d| fmdljm lxsiahss michachchjshs pd cj||y dxp pbh jcpiwipy jxpbd|ish` ly pbh michach!<7

::3! J uh|sda vbd gjims pd gx|aisb iagd|kjpida pd pbh GSC ia ips cdkumi+jach kdaipd|iaf jcpiwipihs is mijlmh pd j giah xu pd KX\ : kimmida xuda cda+wicpida "HX\ <8 555)! Pbh u|dshcxpida dg jay dgghach cja damy lh iaspipxph` ly pbh @i|hcpd| dg Uxlmic U|dshcxpida "shcpida 9:)!

::0! Pbh GSC bjs cdkuhpiaf gxacpidas! Ip sxuh|wishs pbh dggsbd|h shcpd|- lxp jp pbh sjkh pikh ip jmsd jcps ”js j pbian+pjan ja` sh|whs js j umjpgd|kgd| ìscxssidas dg pbh mjphsp cdachups ja` iaph|ajpidajm p|ha`s ia pbh gihm` dg giajacijm sh|wichs ja` fmdljm lxsiahss ja` gd|kxmjphs sxffhspidas ja` i`hjsgd| pbh `hwhmdukhap dg pbh giajacijm sh|wichs ja` fmdljm lxsiahss shcpd|s‛"shcpida :3)! Pbh pvd pyuhs dg gxacpidas j|h hrhcxph` ly pvd ìspiacp ldìhsdg pbh GSC – pbh cbihg hrhcxpiwh ja` pbh Cdxacim!

<7! GSC u|hss |hmhjshs <6 Kjy <5:5 ja` :5 Jxfxsp <5:5!





@hph|kiajpida ja` gjcpd|s xa`h|myiaf |hcdkkha`jpidas

Ubjsh : @hph|kiajpida

Pbh hmhkhap is ia umjch- lxp ch|pjia jsuhcps dg pbh mhfjm ikumhkhapjpida

dg pbh hmhkhap ahh` iku|dwhkhap!

Gjcpd|s xa`h|myiaf |hcdkkha`jpidas \hcdkkha`jpidas

Pbh|h j|h ad dlmifjpidas pd kjiapjia

dvah|sbiu ja` i`hapipy iagd|kjpida ia

cjsh dg adkiahh sbj|hbdmìaf- hrchup

gd| uxlmic cdkujaihs ja` FLCs!

Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` hspjlmisb j

|hzxi|hkhap pbjp iagd|kjpida is

kjiapjiah` iaìcjpiaf pbh uh|sda da

vbdsh lhbjmg jay mhfjm dvah| bdm`s

bis iaph|hsp d| sbj|hs ia jay cdkujay

d| ld`y cd|ud|jph!

Ad i`hapipy iagd|kjpida is jwjimjlmh

da ada+|hsi`hap gd|hifa p|xspsj`kiaisph|h` ia Kjx|ipixs d| ia

|hsuhcp dg vbicb j p|xsphh is |hsi`hap

ia Kjx|ipixs- vbh|h pbhsh j|h adp

kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs!

Ja dlmifjpida sbdxm` lh hspjlmisbh`

gd| jmm p|xsphhs ja` j`kiaisp|jpd|s|hsi`hap ia Kjx|ipixs pd kjiapjia

iagd|kjpida da pbh shppmd|- p|xsphhs

ja` lhahgicij|ihs dg pbhi| p|xsps!

Ubjsh < \jpiaf

Pd lh giajmish` js sdda js j |hu|hshapjpiwh sxlshp dg Ubjsh < |hwihvs is

cdkumhph`!


Kjx|ipixs bjs ad hagd|chkhap

hruh|ihach vbh|h u|dwisidas da pbh

jwjimjlimipy dg iagd|kjpida j|h |hchap!

Hagd|chkhap dg pbh mhfjm u|dwisidas

da pbh jwjimjlimipy dg dvah|sbiu ja`

jccdxapiaf iagd|kjpida ia pbh fmdljm

lxsiahss shcpd| sbdxm` lh kdaipd|h`!

J!<! Jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s

::8! J cdaìpida gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida gd| pjr ux|udshs pd lh hgghc+piwh- is pbjp |hmijlmh iagd|kjpida- gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap pd pbh pjr |hzxi|hkhapsdg j |hzxhspiaf ox|isìcpida is jwjimjlmh- d| cja lh kj`h jwjimjlmh- ia j pikhmykjaah|! Pbis |hzxi|hs cmhj| |xmhs |hfj|ìaf pbh kjiaphajach dg jccdxapiaf|hcd|`s! Pbh dlmifjpida pd kjiapjia |hmijlmh jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s j|h gdxaìa kdsp dg pbh mjvs fdwh|aiaf pbh wj|idxs pyuhs dg hapipihs cdwh|h` ly pbis|hud|p- ja` ia pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp!

Ox|isìcpidas sbdxm` hasx|h pbjp |hmijlmh jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s j|h nhup gd| jmm

|hmhwjap hapipihs ja` j||jafhkhaps!





Fhah|jm |hzxi|hkhaps "Pd\ J!<!:)

::7! Pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp ja` mjvs fdwh|aiaf hjcb dg pbh Kjx|ipija hapi+pihs |hfxmjph pbh kjiaphajach dg jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s! Pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichs

Jcp ikudshs gx|pbh| |hzxi|hkhaps pd ips michashhs!::6! Pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp |hzxi|hs hwh|y uh|sda cj||yiaf da lxsiahss d| `h|iwiaf iacdkh dpbh| pbja hkdmxkhaps pd nhhu j gxmm ja` p|xh |hcd|` dg jmm p|jasjcpidas ja` dpbh| jcps hafjfh` ia ly bik pbjp j|h |hmhwjap gd| pbh ux|udsh dg hajlmiaf bis f|dss iacdkh pd lh |hjìmy jsch|pjiah` ly pbh K\J"shcpida :83)! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs suhcigy pbjp jmm hapipihs |hfisph|h` jppbh K\J j|h |hzxi|h` pd sxlkip pd pbh K\J j |hpx|a dg iacdkh hjcb yhj|-vbhpbh| pbhy bjwh pjr pd ujy d| adp!

::2! @dkhspic ja` FLC: cdkujaihs j|h |hzxi|h` pd nhhu jccdxapiaf

|hcd|`s ux|sxjap pd shcpida :93 dg pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp! Jccdxapiaf |hcd|`skxsp cd||hcpmy |hcd|` ja` hrumjia pbhi| p|jasjcpidas> hajlmh pbh giajacijm udsi+pida dg pbh cdkujay pd lh `hph|kiah` vipb |hjsdajlmh jccx|jcy jp jay pikh>ja` hajlmh pbh ì|hcpd|s pd u|huj|h giajacijm spjphkhaps pbjp cdkumy vipbpbh Jcp! Jkdaf dpbh| pbiafs- pbh |hcd|`s sbdxm cdapjia `jimy p|jasjcpidajmhap|ihs- j |hcd|` dg jsshps ja` mijlimipihs dg pbh cdkujay> ja` vbh|h pbh cdk+

ujay’s lxsiahss iawdmwhs u|dwiìaf sh|wichs- j |hcd|` dg sh|wichs u|dwi`h` ja`|hmhwjap iawdichs! Pbis |hzxi|hkhap `dhs adp juumy pd FLC<s "shcpida 303)!

::9! \hsi`hap cdkujaihs kxsp nhhu pbhi| jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s ia Kjx|ipixs!

Bdvhwh|- ì|hcpd|s dg cdkujaihs cja `hph|kiah pbjp pbh jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s lh nhup jl|dj` "jp j umjch adpigih` pd pbh \hfisp|j|)- lxp kxsp hasx|h pbjp pbhjccdxaps ja` |hpx|as pbjp iscmdsh vipb |hjsdajlmh jccx|jcy pbh giajacijm udsi+pida dg pbh cdkujay ja` hajlmh pbh u|huj|jpida dg giajacijm spjphkhaps j|h nhupia Kjx|ipixs! Ia cjsh dg gjimx|h pd nhhu pbhsh |hcd|`s js |hzxi|h` xa`h| shcpida:93 gd| pbh cx||hap jccdxapiaf uh|id` ja` gd| pbh mjsp 6 yhj|s- pbh cdkujayja` hwh|y ì|hcpd| dg pbh cdkujay cja lh mijlmh pd j giah xu pd KX\ :55 555"HX\ < 855- shcpidas :95 ja` 3<9)! Vbh|h pbh Ldj|` dg j gd|hifa cdkujaygjims pd cdkumy vipb shcpida :93- hwh|y ì|hcpd| dg pbh cdkujay cdkkips jadgghach ja` cja lh mijlmh pd j giah xu pd KX\ <55 555 "HX\ 8 555- shcpida

335)! Sd gj|- ad cdkujay bjs gjimh` pd cdkumy vipb K\J |hzxi|hkhap!

:<5! Pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp |hzxi|hs hwh|y uj|pah|sbiu pd nhhu lddns ja`|hcd|`s sd js pd hajlmh pbh K\J pd jsch|pjia pbh f|dss iacdkh ja` jmmdvjlmh`h`xcpidas dg pbh uj|pah|sbiu "shcpida :83)! Ia j`ìpida- pbh Cdkkh|cijm Cd`h|hzxi|hs jmm lxsiahss uh|sdas- iacmxìaf cdkkh|cijm uj|pah|sbius- pd nhhuj fhah|jm mh`fh| lddn! Pbhy j|h gx|pbh| |hzxi|h` pd kjiapjia ja iawhapd|y lddn- j ljmjach sbhhp- ja` j u|dgip ja` mdss jccdxap gd| hjcb giajacijm yhj|!Pbhsh `dcxkhaps kxsp lh nhup gd| :5 yhj|s "shcpidas 2 pd :7)!

:<:! Pbh P|xsps Jcp |hzxi|hs p|xsphhs pd nhhu xu`jph` ja` jccx|jph

jccdxaps ja` |hcd|`s dg pbhi| p|xsphhsbiu "shcpida 32"3))! Kd|hdwh|- ux|sxjap





pd uj|jf|jub 6!< dg pbh GSC Cd`h gd| Kjajfhkhap Cdkujaihs- j kjajfh+khap cdkujay kxsp kjiapjia |hcd|`s dg jmm p|jasjcpidas xa`h|pjnha `x|iafpbh cdx|sh dg j cmihap |hmjpidasbiu! Ia j`ìpida- p|xsps "dpbh| pbja cbj|ipjlmhp|xsps) gjmmiaf xa`h| pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp kxsp nhhu jccdxaps ja` jppjcb

pd pbhi| jaaxjm |hpx|as pbhi| u|dgip ja` mdss ja` ljmjach sbhhps "shcpida:<:"<) ja` "3)- ja` pjr |hpx|a ^vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$k|j$ dvamdj`$ \hpx|aP|xsp<5:5gxmm!u`g [)!

:<<! Cd|ud|jpidas michash` ly pbh GSC pd uh|gd|k ada+ljaniaf giajacijmsh|wichs kxsp nhhu j gxmm ja` p|xh v|ippha |hcd|` dg hwh|y p|jasjcpida kj`h-iacmxìaf jccdxap gimhs ja` lxsiahss cd||hsuda`hach "shcpida <9)! J FLC< isadp uh|kipph` pd cj||y dxp giajacijm sh|wichs!

:<3! FLC:s kxsp gimh vipb pbh GSC hwh|y yhj| jxìph` giajacijm spjph+khaps u|huj|h` ia jccd|`jach vipb iaph|ajpidajm giajacijm |hud|piaf spja`+j|`s!<6 FLC:s kjy lh |hzxi|h` pd u|dwi`h j pjr |hsi`hach ch|pigicjph issxh` ly pbh K\J ia d|`h| pd lhahgip g|dk j uj|picxmj| @PC- vbha jsshssh` ia pbhdpbh| ox|isìcpida! Pbh K\J issxhs pbh ch|pigicjphs xuda pbh |hcdkkha`jpidadg pbh GSC- vbicb gi|sp kxsp- jkdaf dpbh|s- hasx|h pbjp pbh juumicjap cdk+ umihs vipb u|hwjimiaf mjvs ja` bjs sxlkipph` jxìph` giajacijm spjphkhaps!

:<0! Xapim |hchapmy- pbh damy jccdxapiaf |hzxi|hkhap dg j FLC< vjspd nhhu sxcb jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s pbjp ips ì|hcpd|s cdasi`h|h` ahchssj|y d| `hsi|jlmh ia d|`h| pd |hgmhcp pbh giajacijm udsipida dg pbh cdkujay! Pbh FLC<jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s pbjp j|h nhup j|h jp j umjch `hph|kiah` ly pbh ì|hcpd|s-

ja` nadva ly pbh |hfisph|h` jfhap ":0pb Scbh`xmh pd pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp)!Pbhsh jccdxaps j|h jcchssilmh damy pd sbj|hbdm`h|s!

:<8! Siach Oxmy <559- hgghcpiwh jgph| Jxfxsp <5:5- shcpida 35"<) dg pbh GSJ|hzxi|hs FLC<s pd gimh vipb pbh GSC hwh|y yhj| j giajacijm sxkkj|y ia pbhgd|k shp dxp ia pbh 9 pb Scbh`xmh pd pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp "pbh sjkh js skjmm u|i+wjph cdkujaihs kxsp gimh jaaxjmmy)! Ip iacmx`hs pbh px|adwh| dg pbh cdkujay-ìsp|ilxpida cdsps- kjajfhkhap ja` j`kiaisp|jpiwh hruhashs- j ljmjach sbhhpvipb jsshps ja` mijlimipihs- iacmxìaf hzxipy ja` dpbh| mdaf ph|k mijlimipihs!Pbhsh gifx|hs j|h jff|hfjph` ja` `d adp gxmmy hrumjia jmm p|jasjcpidas dg

pbh cdkujay! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs j|h adahpbhmhss cdagi`hap pbjp gd| j cdkujay pd u|huj|h pbh giajacijm sxkkj|y- ip is ikud|pjap pbjp ip nhhus u|duh| |hcd|`s dg jmm ips giajacijm p|jasjcpidas! Pbhy j|h pbh|hgd|h cdawiach`pbjp FLC<s kxsp nhhu gxmm ja` v|ippha |hcd|`s dg jmm lxsiahss p|jasjcpidasia d|`h| pd lh jlmh pd u|d`xch pbh giajacijm sxkkj|y ia pbh u|hsc|ilh` gd|k!Siach pbis ahv |hzxi|hkhap bjs adp lhha ikumhkhaph` jp pbh `jph dg pbh

<6! Ia cdasi`h|iaf ja juumicjpida gd| d| j |hahvjm dg j FLC: michach- pbh GSC bjs

|hfj|` pd vbhpbh| pbh cd|ud|jpida nhhus ja` kjiapjias- jp jmm pikhs- ips jccdxap+

iaf |hcd|`s jp ips |hfisph|h` dggich ia Kjx|ipixs> ja` u|huj|hs ips spjpxpd|y giaja+

cijm spjphkhaps ja` bjwh pbhk jxìph` ia Kjx|ipixs! "shcpida 6:)





da+siph wisip- `xh jpphapida sbdxm` lh uji` pd ips ikumhkhapjpida `x|iaf pbhgdmmdv+xu |hwihv hrh|cish!

:<7! Ia u|jcpich- Kjx|ipixs |hchiwh` |hchapmy j |hzxhsp gd| jccdxapiaf

|hcd|`s dg j FLC<! Pbh K\J gd|vj|`h` pbh |hzxhsp pd pbh GSC ja` mjph| u|dwi`h` pbh iagd|kjpida pd pbh |hzxhspiaf uj|pah|!

Xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida "Pd\ J!<!<)

:<6! Pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp `dhs adp hrumicipmy |hzxi|h pjrujyh|s pd nhhuxa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida- sxcb js iawdichs- cdap|jcps- hpc! Jccd|ìaf pdpbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs- jmm cd|ud|jph pjrujyh|s- iacmxìaf p|xsps- sbdxm`jmsd nhhu xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida "h!f! iawdichs- |hchiups) js hwi`hach dg p|jasjcpidas jccdxaph` gd| ia pbhi| lddns! Pbhy iaph|u|hp shcpida :83- vbicb

|hzxi|hs pbh nhhuiaf dg j gxmm ja` p|xh |hcd|` dg jmm p|jasjcpidas pbjp j|h |hm+hwjap gd| pbh ux|udsh dg hajlmiaf j f|dss iacdkh ja` jmmdvjlmh `h`xcpidas pd lh |hjìmy jsch|pjiah`- js ikumyiaf pbh nhhuiaf dg jmm xa`h|myiaf `dcxkha+pjpida! Pbhy gx|pbh| iaìcjph pbjp ia u|jcpich pdd- pjrujyh|s sxlkip jmm sxcb`dcxkhapjpida vbha |hzxi|h`!

:<2! Ux|sxjap pd pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp- js adph` jldwh- pbh |hcd|`s dg `dkhspic cdkujaihs sbdxm` iacmx`h- vbh|h pbh cdkujay’s lxsiahss iawdmwhs u|dwiìaf sh|wichs- j |hcd|` dg sh|wichs u|dwi`h` ja` |hmhwjap iawdichs!Vbh|h pbh cdkujay’s lxsiahss iawdmwhs `hjmiaf ia fdd`s- ips jccdxapiaf

|hcd|`s sbdxm` cdapjia j |hcd|` dg fdd`s ldxfbp ja` sdm`- hrchup fdd`s sdm`gd| cjsb ia pbh d|ìaj|y cdx|sh dg cj||yiaf da j |hpjim lxsiahss- pbjp i`hapigihs ldpb pbh fdd`s ja` lxyh|s ja` shmmh|s ja` |hmhwjap iawdichs> ja` j |hcd|` dg spdcn bhm` jp pbh ha` dg ips jccdxapiaf uh|id` pdfhpbh| vipb |hcd|`s dg jayspdcn pjniafs `x|iaf pbjp uh|id` "shcpida :95)!

:<9! Ia u|jcpich- ja HDI uj|pah| iaìcjph` `x|iaf pbh |hwihv u|dchss- pbjpip bjs |hzxhsph` lxp adp |hchiwh` sdkh xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida g|dk pbhKjx|ipija cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy ia dah cjsh- ajkhmy iagd|kjpida da pbh cmihapsdg j Kjx|ipija cdkujay!

:35! Ig pbh ì|hcpd|s dg j cdkujay cbdsh pd nhhu jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s dxp+si`h dg Kjx|ipixspbh kiaikxk iagd|kjpida pbjp kxsp lh nhup ia Kjx|ipixs`dhs adp iacmx`h pbh xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida "shcpida :90"<) dg pbhCdkujaihs Jcp)!

:3:! Pbh dpbh| mjvs `d adp hru|hssmy |hgh| pd pbh xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapj+pida dg jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s!





8+yhj| |hphapida spja`j|` "Pd\ J!<!3)

:3<! Jmm juumicjlmh mjvs da jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s |hzxi|h j |hphapida uh|id`dg jp mhjsp 8 yhj|s!

:33! Xa`h| pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp- lddns ja` |hcd|`s dg cdkujaihs- uj|p+ah|sbius ja` p|xsps sbdxm` lh nhup ly pbh pjrujyh| gd| j uh|id` dg 8 yhj|sjgph| pbh cdkumhpida dg pbh p|jasjcpidas pd vbicb pbhy |hmjph "shcpida :83)!Xa`h| pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp ja` pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichs Jcp- jmm cdkujaihs j|h|hzxi|h` pd nhhu jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s gd| j uh|id` dg 6 yhj|s "shcpida :95 ja`shcpida <9 |hsuhcpiwhmy)!


Ubjsh : @hph|kiajpidaPbh hmhkhap is adp ia umjch!


J FLC< nhhus sxcb jccdxapiaf

|hcd|`s pbjp ips `i|hcpd|s cdasi`h|

ahchssj|y d| `hsi|jlmh ia d|`h| pd

|hgmhcp pbh giajacijm udsipida dg pbh

cdkujay! Ia j``ipida- FLC<s vimm adv

lh |hzxi|h` pd u|huj|h jaaxjm giajacijm

sxkkj|ihs- lxp pbhsh vimm adp hrumjia

jmm p|jasjcpidas dg pbh cdkujay-

ja` pbh|h is ad dlmifjpida pd nhhu

xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida!

FLC<s sbdxm` lh |hzxi|h` pd

kjiapjia jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s ja`

xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida pd pbh

spja`j|`!

Xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida is adp

hrumicipmy |hzxi|h` pd lh nhup gd| p|xsps

ja` sdciépés `h uh|sdaahs!

Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` hasx|h pbjp jmm

|hmhwjap hapipihs ja` j||jafhkhaps

kjiapjia xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida!

Ubjsh < \jpiaf


cdkumhph`!





J!3! Ljaniaf iagd|kjpida

\hcd|`+nhhuiaf |hzxi|hkhaps "Pd\ J!3!:)

Ljaniaf mjvs

:30! Ia Kjx|ipixs- ljans ja` dpbh| giajacijm iaspipxpidas<2 xa`h| pbhLjaniaf Jcp kxsp kjiapjia ”gxmm ja` p|xh v|ippha |hcd|` dg hwh|y p|jasjcpidapbhy cda`xcp‛- ux|sxjap pd shcpida 33 dg pbh jcp! Pbhsh |hcd|`s kxsp iacmx`h”jccdxap gimhs dg hwh|y cxspdkh|- lxsiahss cd||hsuda`hachs hrcbjafh` vipbhwh|y cxspdkh| ja` |hcd|`s sbdviaf- gd| hwh|y cxspdkh|- jp mhjsp da j `jimy ljsis- uj|picxmj|s dg ips p|jasjcpidas vipb d| gd| pbh jccdxap dg pbjp cxspdkh|-ja` pbh ljmjach dviaf pd d| ly pbjp cxspdkh|‛! Iagd|kjpida kxsp lh nhup iaKjx|ipixs gd| jp mhjsp shwha yhj|s! Axklh|h` ljan jccdxaps j|h adp jmmdvhìa Kjx|ipixs!

:38! Jccdxaps cja lh nhup ia jay cx||hacy ia Kjx|ipixs ja` pbh|h isad hrcbjafh cdap|dm! FLC:s kxsp kjiapjia ljan jccdxaps ia Kjx|ipixs- jKjx|ipija |xuhhs jccdxap gd| pbh ux|udsh dg pbhi| `jy pd `jy p|jasjcpidasj|isiaf g|dk d|ìaj|y duh|jpidas ia Kjx|ipixs- ja` dah ia gd|hifa cx||hacygd| pbhi| lxsiahss jcpiwipihs! FLC<s j|h jmmdvh` pd bjwh j Kjx|ipija ljan jccdxap lxp damy ia j gd|hifa cx||hacy "shcpida 63 GSJ)!

:37! Widmjpida dg pbh jldwh+|hcd|` nhhuiaf dlmifjpida is uxaisbjlmh-xuda cdawicpida- pd j giah xu pd KX\ 85 555 "HX\ : <85) ja` xu pd < yhj|siku|isdakhap!

:36! Pbh|h is ad chap|jmisjpida d| |hfisph| dg Kjx|ipija ljan jccdxapsbdm`h|s! Damy j |hfisph| dg ld||dvh|s hrisps- pd vbicb pbh K\J bjs jcchss ux|sxjap pd j Khkd|ja`xk dg Xa`h|spjaìaf "KdX) lhpvhha pbh Ljan dg Kjx|ipixs ja` pbh K\J!

Kdahy mjxa`h|iaf mjv<9

:32! Pbh Ljan dg Kjx|ipixs bjs issxh` Fxi`jach Adphs da Japi+KdahyMjxa`h|iaf ja` Cdkljpiaf pbh Giajaciaf dg Ph||d|isk pbjp iacmx`hsfxi`jach da |hcd|` nhhuiaf |hzxhsph` ia shcpida 33 dg pbh Ljaniaf Jcp!”P|jasjcpida |hcd|`s- ia vbjphwh| gd|k pbhy j|h xsh`- h!f! c|hìp$`hlip smius-

<2! Gd| pbh ux|udsh dg pbh Ljaniaf Jcp <550- ”giajacijm iaspipxpida‛ khjas jay ljan-

ada+ljan `hudsip pjniaf iaspipxpida d| cjsb `hjmh| michash` ly pbh chap|jm ljan!

<9! Jay c|ikh is j u|hìcjph dgghach gd| pbh ux|udsh dg pbh kdahy mjxa`h|iaf

dgghach!

Ljaniaf iagd|kjpida sbdxm` lh jwjimjlmh gd| jmm jccdxap+bdm`h|s!




CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? JWJIMJLIMIPY DG IAGD\KJPIDA – 0:

cbhzxhs hpc! ahh` pd lh kjiapjiah` gd| j uh|id` dg adp mhss pbja 6 yhj|s jgph| pbh cdkumhpida dg pbh p|jasjcpidas cdach|ah`- ia sxcb j kjaah| pd hajlmhiawhspifjpiaf jxpbd|ipihs pd cdkuimh j sjpisgjcpd|y jxìp p|jim gd| sxsuhcph`mjxa`h|h` ja` ph||d|isp kdahy ja` hspjlmisb j giajacijm u|dgimh dg jay sxsuhcp

jccdxap ja` sbdxm` iacmx`h pbh gdmmdviaf? "i) pbh wdmxkh dg gxa`s gmdviafpb|dxfb pbh jccdxap> "ii) pbh sdx|ch dg pbh gxa`s- iacmxìaf gxmm |hkipph| `hpjims> "iii) pbh gd|k ia vbicb pbh gxa`s vh|h dggh|h` d| vipb`|jva- i!h! cjsb-cbhzxhs- hpc!> "iw) pbh i`hapipy dg pbh uh|sda xa`h|pjniaf pbh p|jasjcpida ja`dg pbh lhahgicij|y> "w) cdxaph|uj|py `hpjims> "wi) pbh `hspiajpida dg pbh gxa`s>"wii) pbh gd|k dg iasp|xcpida ja` jxpbd|ipy> "wiii) pbh `jph dg pbh p|jasjcpida>"ir) pbh pyuh ja` i`hapigyiaf axklh| dg jay jccdxap iawdmwh` ia pbh p|jasjc+pida!‛ L|hjcb dg pbh Fxi`jach hapjims c|ikiajm uhajmpihs- i!h! j giah xu pdKX\ :55 555 "HX\ < 855) ja` iku|isdakhap xu pd pvd yhj|s "shcpida :55dg pbh Ljaniaf Jcp)!

:39! Ia j`ìpida- shcpida :6 dg pbh Giajacijm Iaphmmifhach ja` Japi+KdahyMjxa`h|iaf Jcp <55< "GIJKMJ) shps pbh u|iaciumh pbjp ljans ja` cjsb `hjm+h|s j|h |hzxi|h` pd nhhu |hcd|`s- |hfisph|s ja` `dcxkhaps js |hzxi|h` xa`h| pbh Jcp ja` |hmhwjap \hfxmjpidas! Ia juumicjpida pbh|hdg- \hfxmjpida 2 dg pbhGiajacijm Iaphmmifhach ja` Japi+Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf \hfxmjpidas <553 u|d+wi`hs pbjp |hmhwjap uh|sdas kxsp nhhu |hcd|`s dg p|jasjcpidas cj||ih` dxp gd| cxspdkh|s- gd| adp mhss pbja 8 yhj|s! \hfxmjpida :: iaìcjphs pbjp jay uh|sdavbd cdap|jwhahs pbhsh |hfxmjpidas sbjmm cdkkip ja dgghach ja` sbjmm da cda+wicpida lh mijlmh pd j giah xu pd KX\ :55 555 "HX\ < 855) ja` pd iku|isda+

khap xu pd < yhj|s!



Pbh hmhkhap is ia umjch!

Ubjsh < \jpiaf


cdkumhph`!




00 – CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? JCCHSS PD IAGD\KJPIDA

:03! \hchapmy bdvhwh|- pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy |hwjkuh`- gd|kjmish`ja`$d| cmj|igih` ips u|dch`x|hs "iacmxìaf da jcchss pd ljan iagd|kjpida) jaàdv shhns iagd|kjpida g|dk shcda`j|y sdx|chs dg iagd|kjpida- adpjlmy pbhGSC!

L!:! Cdkuhphap Jxpbd|ipy’s jlimipy pd dlpjia ja` u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida

:00! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipy cdkuhphap pd bja`mh HDI |hzxhsps is pbh@i|hcpd| dg pbh Mj|fh Pjrujyh| @huj|pkhap dg pbh Kjx|ipixs \hwhaxhJxpbd|ipy- vbd is sxuud|ph` ly pbh pb|hh khklh|s dg pbh Iaph|ajpidajm PjrjpidaXaip! Pbh sjkh jxpbd|ipy fjpbh|s iagd|kjpida gd| ldpb `dkhspic ja` iaph|aj+pidajm pjr ux|udshs! "Shh C!8!< lhmdv da |hsdx|ch ja` d|fjaisjpidajm u|dchss!)

:08! Jcchss |ifbps ja` udvh|s j|h cdapjiah` ia pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp- ja`j|h wh|y l|dj` ia u|iaciumh! \hchapmy- j U|dch`x|h Kjaxjm da Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida vjs j`duph` pd fxi`h pbh pjr dggicijms ia pbh kdsp hggicihap vjypd dlpjia iagd|kjpida |hzxhsph` ly p|hjpy uj|pah| ox|isìcpidas!

:07! Ia u|jcpich- jccd|ìaf pd pbh K\J j|dxa` :5( dg pbh HDI |hzxhsps|hchiwh` ly Kjx|ipixs dwh| pbh mjsp pb|hh yhj|s |hmjph pd ada+|hsi`hap uh|sdasd| hapipihs- ia vbicb pbh mjv ì` adp jxpbd|ish hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida xapimOxmy <559 "shh shcpida C!: lhmdv)- pbh|hgd|h pbh jsshsskhap dg jcchss pd iagd|+kjpida cdach|aiaf pbhsh hapipihs |hmihs da wh|y |hchap hruh|ihach!

:06! Pbh|h is sd gj| ad j`kiaisp|jpiwh |xmiaf d| oxìcijm `hcisida ia |hmjpidapd jcchss udvh|s dg pbh K\J cdach|aiaf pbh dlpjiaiaf dg iagd|kjpida ux|sx+jap pd ja HDI |hzxhsp! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs pbh|hgd|h |hgh||h` pd cjsh mjvia |hmjpida pd `dkhspic pjr jggji|s ja` gd|hifa cjsh mjv pd fiwh pbh jsshsskhap

phjk ja i`hj dg pbh hrphap dg jcchss udvh|s dg pbh K\J ia u|jcpich!

Dvah|sbiu ja` i`hapipy iagd|kjpida "Pd\ L!:!:) - ja` Jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s "Pd\ L!:!<)

:02! Pbh K\J bjs udvh| pd |hzxi|h ”hwh|y uh|sda‛ pd fiwh d|jmmy d| ia v|ipiaf- vipbia j `hph|kiah` pikh- ”jmm sxcb iagd|kjpida‛ js kjy lh`hkja`h` dg bik ly pbh K\J "i) pd kjnh ja jsshsskhap d| pd cdmmhcpKjx|ipija pjr- d| "ii) ”pd cdkumy vipb jay |hzxhsp gd| pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|+kjpida‛ xa`h| ja iaph|ajpidajm j||jafhkhap "shcpida :<0":))! Pbxs pbh K\J

cja |hzxi|h dvah|sbiu- i`hapipy ja` jccdxapiaf iagd|kjpida g|dk pbh uh|sdas

Cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipihs sbdxm` bjwh pbh udvh| pd dlpjia ja` u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida

pbjp is pbh sxlohcp dg j |hzxhsp xa`h| ja hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida j||jafhkhap g|dk

jay uh|sda vipbia pbhi| ph||ipd|ijm ox|isìcpida vbd is ia udsshssida d| cdap|dm dg sxcb

iagd|kjpida "i||hsuhcpiwh dg jay mhfjm dlmifjpida da sxcb uh|sda pd kjiapjia pbh shc|hcy

dg pbh iagd|kjpida)!





K\J u|dwi`hs pbjp ia sxcb cjsh dg xa`hmiwh|h` cd||hsuda`hachs- wisipssbdxm` lh kj`h jp pbh u|hkishs dg pbh uh|sdas cdach|ah` ja` giaìafs dg pbhwisip sbdxm lh p|jaskipph`- vbh|h |hmhwjap- pd pbh p|hjpy uj|pah|! Pbh K\Jjuumih` pbis u|dch`x|h ja` kj`h sxcb j wisip- ja` iagd|kh` pbh p|hjpy uj|pah|

pbjp pbh iaìwi`xjm g|dk vbdk iagd|kjpida vjs sdxfbp bj` mhgp Kjx|ipixs!Pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy pbha px|ah` pd j shcda`j|y sdx|ch dg iagd|kjpida-ia pbis cjsh pbh GSC!

:80! Ia pbh dpbh| cjsh- pbh pjrujyh|s bjwh u|dwi h` uj|pijm iagd|kjpida! Iapbis sipxjpida- pbh Kjaxjm hawisjfhs pbjp juu|du|ijph jcpida sbdxm` lh pjnhaxapim pbh |hzxhsph` iagd|kjpida is gxmmy sxlkipph`! Pbh pjrujyh|s hrumjiah`pbjp pbhy j|h adp |hzxi|h` pd u|dwi`h pbh |hkjiaiaf iagd|kjpida |hzxhsph`- jsip is adp |hmjph` pd pbh pjr iazxi|y duhah` ia pbh uj|pah| ox|isìcpida! Jp pbhpikh dg pbh da+siph wisip- Kjx|ipixs’s cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy vjs ìscxssiaf pbh

|hmhwjach dg pbh |hzxhsp vipb pbh |hzxhspiaf jxpbd|ipy! Siach pbha- pbh |hzxhsp+iaf ox|isìcpida jasvh|h` ja` pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipy |hiph|jph` ips |hzxhsp gd| iagd|kjpida pd pbh cdach|ah` cdkujaihs! Pbh Kjx|ipixs jxpbd|ipihs iaìcjphpbjp vj|aiaf vjs fiwha pd pbh cdkujaihs pbjp sbdxm` pbhy gjim pd u|dwi`h pbh|hzxhsph` ljan iagd|kjpida- pbh jxpbd|ipihs vdxm` bjwh |hcdx|sh pd pbh mhfjm udvh|s pd dlpjia pbh iagd|kjpida!

:88! Bdvhwh|- j kjod| p|hjpy uj|pah| dg Kjx|ipixs iaìcjph` pbjp kjaydg ips |hzxhsps j|h damy uj|pijmmy jasvh|h`- lhcjxsh pbh |hzxhsps j|h vipbpjrujyh|s vbd `d adp jasvh| ia j pikhmy kjaah|! Ia pbis cdaphrp ip is ikud|+

pjap pbjp pbh Kjx|ipija cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy sbdxm` adp |hmy damy da pbh pjr+ ujyh| pd cdmmhcp iagd|kjpida lxp sbdxm` jmsd |hsd|p pd cdkuxmsd|y khjsx|hsvbh|h ahchssj|y ja`$d| shcda`j|y sdx|chs dg iagd|kjpida- vbh|h juumicjlmh"h!f! \hfisp|j|- GSC)- vbha pbh pjrujyh| `dhs adp u|dwi`h pbh |hzxhsph` iagd|+kjpida vipbia pbh suhcigih` pikh+mikip! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs cdagi|kh`pbjp pbh u|dch`x|h shp ia pbh ahv U|dch`x|h Kjaxjm vimm lh sp|icpmy gdmmdvh`vbh|h ahchssj|y "shh shcpida C!8 lhmdv)!

:87! Ia pbh ujsp ip bjs bjuuhah` pbjp pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs bjwh iaì+cjph` pbjp pbhy vh|h xajlmh pd jcchss ja` hrcbjafh jccdxapiaf iagd|kjpidaia |hmjpida pd ja dafdiaf yhj|! Siach pbh da+siph wisip pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|i+pihs |hwihvh` pbh ljsis dg pbh `hcisida ja` cdacmx`h` pbjp adpbiaf ia pbh mjv u|hwhaps pbh K\J pd |hzxhsp sxcb iagd|kjpida- ja` uj|pijm jccdxapiaf `jpjsbdxm` lh jwjimjlmh vipbia cdkujaihs ja` dpbh| hapipihs! Pbh cdkuhphapjxpbd|ipy pbh|hgd|h `hcmj|h` pbjp ip is u|huj|h` pd |hzxi|h pbh u|d`xcpida dg uj|pijm d| iaph|ik jccdxapiaf `jpj vbhahwh| |hzxhsph` ly ips HDI uj|pah|s!





\hfisp|j|

:86! Pbh Kjaxjm u|dwi`hs pbjp ia cjsh pbh iagd|kjpida |hmjphs pd jcdkujay vbicb is adp |hfisph|h` jp pbh K\J- pbh pjr dggich| sbdxm` cbhcn

vbhpbh| pbh cdkujay is |hfisph|h` vipb pbh \hfisp|j| dg Cdkujaihs! Gd| pbis ux|udsh- pbh pjr dggich| sha`s j |hzxhsp pd pbh \hfisp|j|- vbicb bjs :8 `jyspd jasvh|! J |hu|hshapjpiwh dg pbh \hfisp|j| bdvhwh| adph` pbjp pbh K\Jcja cdasxmp pbh |hfisph| dg cdkujaihs ì|hcpmy! Pbh damy |hjsda gd| jsniafpbh \hfisp|j|- |jpbh| pbja cdasxmpiaf pbh |hfisph| ì|hcpmy- is gd| dlpjiaiaf jspjkuh` cduy dg pbh `dcxkhap- gd| ux|udshs dg u|hshapiaf pd j cdx|p!

:82! Pbh \hfisp|j| jssx|h` pbjp ip bjs jmvjys jasvh|h` pbh |hzxhsps dg pbhK\J! Ia u|jcpich pbh \hfisp|j| spjphs pbjp ip `dhs adp ahh` pd nadv vbhpbh| pbh |hzxhsp |hmjphs pd `dkhspic d| iaph|ajpidajm pjr ux|udshs!

:89! Ia j`ìpida- jay uh|sda- iacmxìaf gd|hifa pjr jxpbd|ipihs- cja ì|hcpmycdasxmp pbh |hfisph| da pbh iaph|ahp pd gia` ljsic iagd|kjpida da Kjx|ipijacdkujaihs ja` dpbh| |hfisph|h` hapipihs?

ips gxmm ajkh>

ips `jph dg iacd|ud|jpida$|hfisp|jpida>

ips spjpxs "miwh- `hgxacp) ja` vbhpbh| ip is ia u|dchss dg ìssdmxpida$viaìaf xu>

ips pyuh ja` ajpx|h "h!f! cdkujay mikiph` ly sbj|h- p|xsp- sdciépé-

iaìwi`xjm)>

ips cjphfd|y "h!f! `dkhspic- FLC:- FLC<)> ja`

ips |hfisph|h` dggich j``|hss "Kjx|ipija kjajfhkhap cdkujay dg FLC:s ja` FLC<s)!

:75! J |hu|hshapjpiwh dg pbh \hfisp|j| hrumjiah` pbjp pbh damiah `jpjljshis cx||hapmy xa`h| `hwhmdukhap ja` pbjp xmpikjphmy jmm iagd|kjpida vipb pbhhrchupida dg dvah|sbiu iagd|kjpida da fmdljm lxsiahss hapipihs vimm lh jwjim+jlmh vipb pbh \hfisp|j| ja` cja lh ì|hcpmy jcchssilmh ly jay uh|sda!

:7:! Jmkdsp jmm pbh dpbh| iagd|kjpida kjiapjiah` ly pbh \hfisp|j| "adpjlmymhfjm dvah|sbiu iagd|kjpida) cja lh dlpjiah` ly cd||hsuda`hach vipb j kiai+kjm ghh dg KX\ 85 "HX\ :!<8)! Dvah|sbiu iagd|kjpida da fmdljm lxsiahsscdkujaihs "FLC: ja` FLC<) is hrhkup- lxp cja lh jcchssh` pb|dxfb ja HDI|hzxhsp d| pb|dxfb pbh GSC "shh lhmdv)!






:7<! Pbh GSC bjs ja dlmifjpida pd gx|aisb iagd|kjpida pd pbh K\J pdcdkumy vipb ja HDI |hzxhsp- ux|sxjap pd shcpida :<0 dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp

ja` bjs jmvjys jasvh|h` pbh K\J |hzxhsps sd gj|! Pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichsJcp migps pbh cdagi`hapijmipy `xpy dg pbh GSC hkumdyhhs pd cdagd|k pd pbhp|hjpy dlmifjpidas dg Kjx|ipixs!

:73! Pbh GSC bjs sifah` j Khkd|ja`xk dg Xa`h|spjaìaf "KdX) vipbpbh K\J ia Oxah <5:5 vipb pbh wihv dg hrcbjafiaf iagd|kjpida!35 Uj|jf|jub0!3 iaìcjphs pbjp ”hjcb jxpbd|ipy jf|hhs adp pd iscmdsh jay cdagi`hapijm iagd|+kjpida dlpjiah` xa`h| pbis KdX pd j pbi|` uj|py xamhss ip bjs dlpjiah` pbh u|id| cdashap dg pbh Jxpbd|ipy vbicb bjs u|dwi`h` pbh cdagi`hapijm iagd|kj+pida! Jmpbdxfb pbis uj|jf|jub bjs adp lhha `|jgph` gd| pbis ux|udsh- ip cdxm` lh

iaph|u|hph` js j |hzxi|hkhap gd| u|id| cdashap dg pbh GSC! Bdvhwh|- uj|jf|jub3!3 jmsd udiaps pbjp pbh KdX is adp mhfjmmy liaìaf da pbh Jxpbd|ipihs ja` pbjpip is sxlohcp pd pbh mjvs ja` |hfxmjpidas dg Kjx|ipixs ja` `dhs adp sxuh|sh`h d| kdìgy jay dg pbh mhfjm dlmifjpidas dg pbh Jxpbd|ipihs! Sbdxm` pbh cdkuhphapjxpbd|ipy ja` pbh GSC ìsjf|hh da pbh duud|pxaipy pd u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida pdj p|hjpy uj|pah|- pbh `hcisida vdxm` lhmdaf pd pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy! Ig pbh|his j cdagmicp- pbh K\J cja xsh ips cdkuxmsd|y udvh|s!

:70! Vbha ja HDI |hzxhsp |hmjphs pd j FLC<- pbh K\J shhns pbh|hzxhsph` iagd|kjpida g|dk pbh GSC |jpbh| pbja pbh FLC<- lhcjxsh FLC<sj|h adp pjrujyh|s ia Kjx|ipixs- ja` pbh K\J bjs ad iagd|kjpida da pbhk- lxp

pbh GSC bjs! Iawdmwiaf pbh GSC bjs jadpbh| j`wjapjfh? ia cjsh dg ada+cdk+ umijach- pbh GSC js |hfxmjpd| dg pbh fmdljm lxsiahss shcpd|- cja juumy xsh ipsiagd|kjpida fjpbh|iaf udvh|s d| sjacpidas! Vbh|h pbh |hzxhsph` iagd|kjpida

35! Pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichs Jcp ikudshs j cdagi`hapijmipy `xpy da ips hkumdyhhs

– |hiagd|ch` js cdach|as iagd|kjpida da FLC: ja` FLC< "shcpida 23":) pd

"7)) – lxp migps pbis `xpy pd cdagd|k pd ”pbh dlmifjpidas dg Kjx|ipixs xa`h| jay

iaph|ajpidajm p|hjpy- cdawhapida d| jf|hhkhap‛ "shcpida 23"6))! Da j u|dch`x|jm

udiap- pbh GSC cja ìscmdsh ja` hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida da michashhs- ux|sxjap pd

ja jf|hhkhap d| j||jafhkhap gd| pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida "shcpida 26"3))!

Jf|hhkhaps j|h haph|h` iapd sxlohcp pd pbh cdaìpida pbjp pbh GSC is sjpisgih` pbjp

pbh dpbh| uj|py bjs pbh cjujcipy pd u|dphcp pbh cdagi`hapijmipy dg pbh iagd|kjpida

ikuj|ph`- ia cjsh sxcb j cdaìpida dg cdagi`hapijmipy is ikudsh` ly pbh GSC!

Pbh GSC bjs sifah` :2 dpbh| KdXs- adpjlmy vipb Kjx|ipixs’ GIX ja` Ljan dg

Kjx|ipixs! Sxlohcp pd pbh cdaphap dg hjcb KdX- pbh GSC cja jmsd hrcbjafh iagd|+kjpida xa`h| pbh xkl|hmmj dg pbh Sdxpbh|a Jg|icja @hwhmdukhap Cdduh|jpida’s

Cdkkipphh gd| Iasx|jach- Shcx|ipihs ja` Ada+ljan giajacijm Jxpbd|ipihs- vipb

pbh |hfxmjpd|s da lhbjmg dg SJ@C khklh|s! Pbh GSC bjs jmsd sifah` KdXs vipb

|hfxmjpd|s dg Iaìj- Fxh|ashy- Ismh dg Kja- Oh|shy- Mjlxja- Kjmpj ja` pbh Sdxpb

Jsija Shcx|ipihs \hfxmjpd|s Gd|xk!





is adp kjiapjiah` ia ips gimhs- pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichs Jcp fiwhs pbh GSC Cbihg Hrhcxpiwh udvh| pd |hzxi|h jay michashh pd gx|aisb sxcb iagd|kjpida ja` u|d`xch jay sxcb |hcd|`s d| `dcxkhaps js kjy lh ahh`h` "shcpida 0<)! Jmichashh d| uh|sdavbd gjims pd cdkumy vipb sxcb j |hzxi|hkhapis mijlmh da

cdawicpida pd j giah xu pd KX\ 855 555 "HX\ :< 855) ja` iku|isdakhap xupd 8 yhj|s "shcpida 95)!

:78! Hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida lhpvhha pbh pvd jxpbd|ipihs jm|hj`y pddn umjch ia u|jcpich- kjiamy gd| `dkhspic pjr ux|udshs! Ia Kjy <5:5- pbh GSC u|dwi`h` iagd|kjpida pd pbh K\J pd jasvh| ja HDI |hzxhsp da j fmdljm lxsi+ahss cdkujay! Ip ì sd vipbia 2 vhhns dg pbh |hzxhsp "jfjiasp 0 vhhns gd| `dkhspic pjr ux|udshs da jwh|jfh)! Pbis `dhs adp khhp pbh :8 `jy `hj`miahshp ia pbh K\J U|dch`x|jm Kjaxjm gd| Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida!

:77! Ip is hruhcph` pbjp pbh KdX vimm |jish jvj|hahss dg pbh ikud|pjachdg hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida ja` pbjp js j |hsxmp iagd|kjpida vimm lh `hmiwh|h`kd|h hruhìpidxsmy! Pbis is c|xcijm gd| pbh sdxa` |huxph dg Kjx|ipixs siachshwh|jm uhh|s bjwh iaìcjph` pbjp Kjx|ipixs `dhs adp hrcbjafh iagd|kjpidada FLC<s! Jgph| pbh da+siph wisip- pbh Kjx|ipija cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy u|h+ uj|h` j mhpph| pd jmm ips 38 p|hjpy uj|pah|s pd iagd|k pbhk- jkdafsp dpbh|s- dg pbh cbjafh ia pbh mjv ja` ips udvh| pd jcchss ja` hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida daFLC<s "shh Jaahr 8)!

Xsh dg iagd|kjpida fjpbh|iaf khjsx|hs jlshap `dkhspic pjr iaph|hsp

"Pd\ L!:!3)

:76! Pbh cdachup dg ”`dkhspic pjr iaph|hsp‛ `hsc|ilhs j sipxjpida vbh|h jcdap|jcpiaf uj|py cja damy u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida pd jadpbh| cdap|jcpiaf uj|pyig ip bjs ja iaph|hsp ia pbh |hzxhsph` iagd|kjpida gd| ips dva pjr ux|udshs! Jsadph` jldwh- shcpida :<0":) dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp u|dwi`hs pbjp hwh|y uh|sdasbjmm fiwh jmm sxcb iagd|kjpida js kjy lh `hkja`h` ”"l) pd cdkumy vipb jay|hzxhsp gd| pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida xa`h| ja j||jafhkhap kj`h ux|sxjappd shcpida 67‛! Sxl+uj|jf|jub "l) vjs j``h` ia <555 pd cmj|igy pbjp Kjx|ipixscja u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida jlshap `dkhspic pjr iaph|hsp! Ia jay hwhap- HDI

jcpiwipihs j|h vipbia pbh scduh dg pbh K\J gxacpidas "xa`h| ”pbh kjajfh+khap- duh|jpida ja` hagd|chkhap dg pbh \hwhaxh mjvs‛- `hgiah` ia shcpida 3dg pbh Kjx|ipixs \hwhaxh Jxpbd|ipy Jcp) ja` jmm udvh|s jwjimjlmh pd hagd|chpbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp j|h jwjimjlmh gd| HDI ux|udshs!

Cdkuxmsd|y udvh|s "Pd\ L!:!0)

:72! Ox|isìcpidas sbdxm` bjwh ia umjch hgghcpiwh hagd|chkhap u|dwisidaspd cdkuhm pbh u|d`xcpida dg iagd|kjpida! Pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp u|dwi`hs gd| cdkuxmsd|y khjsx|hs! Ia j`ìpida pd pbh udvh| pd fjpbh| iagd|kjpida "shc+

pida :<0)- pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp fiwhs pbh K\J udvh| dg iasuhcpida vbh|hly




CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? JCCHSS PD IAGD\KJPIDA – 8:

Iasphj`- pbh K\J |hzxhsph` gd| gx|pbh| iagd|kjpida ja` hrumjajpidas g|dkpbh |hzxhspiaf ox|isìcpida- vipb pbh iaphapida pd dlpjia j|fxkhaps pbjp cdxm`cdawiach pbh pjrujyh| pd |hmhjsh pbh iagd|kjpida! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihssbdxm` pjnh j kd|h jcpiwh |dmh vbh|h pbhy j|h sjpisgih` pbjp pbh iagd|kjpida

|hzxhsph` is gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap- ja` pbis `hph|kiajpida sbdxm` lh kj`h da|hchiup dg pbh |hzxhsp!

Shc|hcy u|dwisidas "Pd\ L!:!8)

Cdagi`hapijmipy |xmhs – cd|ud|jph shc|hcy

:68! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs cdagi|kh` pbjp pbh|h is ad cdagi`hapijmipyd| shc|hcy u|dwisidas ia Kjx|ipixs’s mjvs "iacmxìaf cdkujay mjv- uj|pah|+

sbiu mjv- p|xsp mjv- |hfxmjpd|y mjv d| dpbh|vish) pbjp u|dbilip d| |hsp|icp pbhìscmdsx|h pd pjr jxpbd|ipihs dg jccdxapiaf- dvah|sbiu ja` i`hapipy iagd|kj+pida! Pbh Cdkujaihs Jcp ja` pbh Cd`h `h cdkkh|ch `d adp cdapjia jayshc|hcy u|dwisida juumicjlmh pd ja K\J |hzxhsp!3: Jmpbdxfb shcpida 33 dg pbh P|xsps Jcp u|dwi`hs pbjp j p|xsphh cja ìscmdsh iagd|kjpida da pbh spjphja` jkdxap dg pbh p|xsp u|duh|py ja` pbh cda`xcp dg pbh p|xsp j`kiaisp|jpidadamy pd j cdx|p- pbis shcpida juumihs vipbdxp u|hoxìch pd pbh dlmifjpidas dg Kjx|ipixs xa`h| jay iaph|ajpidajm p|hjpy- minh j @PC d| j PIHJ!

:67! J ox`fh vbdk pbh jsshsskhap phjk khp vipb `x|iaf pbh da+siph

wisip |hgh||h` pd j |hchap ox`fhkhap dg pbh Cdx|p dg Juuhjm dg Shycbhmmhspd vbicb bh uj|piciujph`- pd `hkdasp|jph pbjp u|dghssidajm cdagi`hapijmipy|xmhs `d adp u|hwjim ia Kjx|ipixs! Ia pbis cjsh- j ox`fh f|japh` jcchss pdcdagi`hapijm iagd|kjpida da pbh cd|ud|jph sp|xcpx|h dg dggsbd|h hapipihs gd| kxpxjm mhfjm jssispjach ux|udshs! Pbh juuhjm cdx|p `haih` jcchss pd pbhiagd|kjpida lhcjxsh- jkdafsp dpbh|s- ”ig pbh u|iaciumh dg cdagi`hapijmipy vjsadp dlsh|wh` ia pbh dggsbd|h shcpd|- ‒vh kjy lh shaìaf pbh v|daf sifajmpbjp cdxm` lh cjpjsp|dubic pd pbjp ia`xsp|y’‛! Pbh Sxu|hkh Cdx|p ox`fhkhapspjphs da pbh cdap|j|y pbjp ”Pbh|h is ad fjiasjyiaf pbh gjcp pbjp pbh |dcn+lh`dg pbh giajacijm sh|wichs shcpd| is cdagi`hapijmipy! Pbh shcpd| pb|iwhs da pbh

u|iaciumh dg cdagi`hapijmipy! Pbjp u|iaciumh is adp j |hchap ubhadkhada ia mjv!Ldpb pbh cdkkda mjv ja` pbh ciwim mjv |hcdfaih ip ja` fiwh hgghcp pd ip! Gd| Shycbhmmhs- dah kjy p|jch pbh d|ifiajm sdx|ch dg pbjp u|iaciumh ia ips CiwimCd`h? gd| hrjkumh- pbh jppd|ahy+cmihap- pbh `dcpd|+ujpihap- ljanh|+cmihap hpc!‛Ip fdhs da pd sjy pbjp ”cdagi`hapijmipy is adp syadaykdxs vipb dujzxhahss!Dah ahh`s pd lh cjxpidxs dg ips lddkh|jaf hgghcp‛! ”Vh j|h bh|h iawdmwh`vipb pbh cdkumhr iaph|jcpida dg u|iaciumhs- pbh ljmjaciaf dg wj|idxs iaph|+hsps‧ Dx| j|hj dg cdach|a fdhs vhmm lhyda` pbh ph||ipd|ijm ox|isìcpida dg dx|

3:! Js shp ia shcpida J!: jldwh- cdkujaihs kxsp ìscmdsh pbhi| dvah|sbiu `hpjims

vbha |hzxi|h` ly pbh K\J!








Ubjsh < \jpiaf


cdkumhph`!


Kjx|ipixs bjs pbh mhfjm g|jkhvd|n ia

umjch pd jcchss iagd|kjpida- iacmxìaf

cdkuxmsd|y udvh|s- lxp bjs ahwh|

hrh|cish` ips cdkuxmsd|y udvh|sia u|jcpich- ja` pbhi| hgghcpiwhahss

cjaadp lh jsshssh`!

Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` hrh|cish ips

udvh|s pd cdkuhm iagd|kjpida

ja` sjacpida gjimx|h pd u|dwi`h

iagd|kjpida vbhahwh| juu|du|ijph!Pbh ikumhkhapjpida dg pbhsh udvh|s

ia u|jcpich sbdxm` lh kdaipd|h` ly

Kjx|ipixs!

Kjx|ipixs bjs pbh mhfjm g|jkhvd|n ia

umjch pd dlpjia iagd|kjpida ì|hcpmy

g|dk ljans lxp bjs ahwh| hrh|cish`

ips udvh|s ia u|jcpich- ja` pbh

hgghcpiwhahss dg pbhsh udvh|s cjaadp

lh jsshssh`!

Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` hrh|cish ips udvh|s

pd dlpjia ljan iagd|kjpida ì|hcpmy

g|dk pbh ljan ia jmm cjshs vbh|h

sxcb iagd|kjpida is adp dlpjiah` g|dk

pbh jccdxap+bdm`h|! Kjx|ipixs sbdxm`

jmsd cdapiaxh ips hggd|ps pd hasx|h

pbjp jmm spjnhbdm`h|s j|h gxmmy jvj|hdg pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy’s udvh|s

pd dlpjia sxcb iagd|kjpida ja` dg

pbh u|dch`x|h ja` pikhmiahs pd lh

j`duph` ia sxcb cjshs!

Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs bjwh adp

jcchssh` ja` hrcbjafh` jccdxapiaf

iagd|kjpida ia |hmjpida pd j cx||hap

yhj|- `hsuiph pbh jlshach dg mhfjm

ikuhìkhap pd `d sd!

Pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy sbdxm`

ikumhkhap ia u|jcpich pbh jssx|jach

pbhy bjwh fiwha pd pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk

pd dlpjia ja` hrcbjafh gd|hshhjlmy

|hmhwjap jccdxapiaf `jpj- hwha uj|pijm

`jpj- da j cx||hap ljsis!





cdx|p d|`h| vdxm` u|hwhap Kjx|ipixs g|dk jasvh|iaf HDI |hzxhsp ia j pikhmykjaah|! Pd kjnh ja d|`h| dg ìscmdsx|h- pbh ox`fh kxsp lh sjpisgih` pbjp"i) pbh juumicjap is jcpiaf ia pbh ìscbj|fh dg bis `xpihs- "ii) pbh iagd|kjpida iskjph|ijm pd jay ciwim d| c|ikiajm u|dchhìafs d| "iii) pbh ìscmdsx|h is dpbh|+

vish ahchssj|y- ia jmm pbh ci|cxkspjachs!

:29! Pbh ox`fh |hgh||h` pd shwh|jm `hcisidas vbicb cmhj|my spjph pbjp ljan cdagi`hapijmipy is pbh u|iaciumh gd| j sdxa` giajacijm sysphk- lxp pbjp ips u|iwjph ajpx|h sbdxm` lh ljmjach` vipb pbh uxlmic ajpx|h ia ips hrchupidas-iacmxìaf pbh jldwh+khapidah` Shycbhmmhs cjsh! Pikhmiah ja` u|dch`x|h pddlpjia j cdx|p d|`h| ia j ciwim pjr cjsh is xaphsph`!37 Pbh ox`fh adahpbhmhssiaìcjph` pbjp vbha pbh Jppd|ahy Fhah|jm juumihs ia x|fhacy gd| ja d|`h| pdìscmdsh ljan iagd|kjpida ia j c|ikiajm cjsh- pbh ox`fh pjnhs pbh `hcisidavipbia pvd `jys!

:95! Ia pbh hwhap pbjp j cdx|p d|`h| is ahchssj|y pd dlpjia ljan d| dpbh| iagd|kjpida- pbh cdx|p vdxm` adpigy pbh uh|sda ja` bhj| bis j|fxkhaps ia cjshdg dlohcpida! Hr+uj|ph bhj|iafs kxsp lh sp|icpmy oxspigih`- ja` ia u|jcpich j|hjcchuph` kjiamy ia `|xf p|jggicniaf cjshs!

37! Ia u|jcpich pbh K\J bjs sxcchssgxmmy fdah pvich pd cdx|p pd dlpjia ljan iagd|+

kjpida gd| `dkhspic pjr ux|udshs- lxp adp yhp gd| HDI ux|udshs! Ia pbh gi|sp

`dkhspic cjsh pbh pjrujyh| cdkumih` vipb pbh |hzxhsp lhgd|h pbh cdx|p pddn j

`hcisida! Ia pbh shcda` `dkhspic cjsh pbh cdx|p d|`h|h` pbh ljan pd ìscmdsh pbh

ahh`h` iagd|kjpida ja` pbh ljan jli`h` ly pbh d|`h|!




CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? HRCBJAFIAF IAGD\KJPIDA – 89

C! Hrcbjafiaf Iagd|kjpida

Dwh|wihv

:9:! Ox|isìcpidas fhah|jmmy cjaadp hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida gd| pjr ux|udshsxamhss pbhy bjwh j mhfjm ljsis d| khcbjaisk gd| `diaf sd! J ox|isìcpida’s u|jcpicjm cjujcipy pd hgghcpiwhmy hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida |hmihs ldpb da bjwiafj`hzxjph khcbjaisks ia umjch js vhmm js ja j`hzxjph iaspipxpidajm g|jkh+vd|n! Pbis shcpida dg pbh |hud|p jsshsshs Kjx|ipixs’s ahpvd|n dg HDI jf|hh+khaps jfjiasp pbh spja`j|`s ja` pbh j`hzxjcy dg ips iaspipxpidajm g|jkhvd|n pd jcbihwh hgghcpiwh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida ia u|jcpich!

:9<! Ia Kjx|ipixspbh mhfjm jxpbd|ipy pd hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida `h|iwhsg|dk j mj|fh ahpvd|n dg limjph|jm khcbjaisks "`dxlmh pjr cdawhapidas ja` pjrhrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida jf|hhkhaps) js vhmm js g|dk `dkhspic mjv ia ch|pjiaci|cxkspjachs! Kjx|ipixs bjs hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida khcbjaisks ia gd|chvipb 38 ox|isìcpidas- iacmxìaf vipb ips kjia p|jìaf uj|pah|s- ja` cdapiaxhsahfdpijpiaf ahv @PCs ja` PIHJs "shh jaahr <)! Dg pbhsh- <9 jf|hhkhapskhhp pbh spja`j|`! Kjx|ipixs is jmsd ahfdpijpiaf j axklh| dg u|dpdcdms d| ahvp|hjpihs vipb ips cx||hap uj|pah|s vipb j wihv pd xuf|j`h pbh HDI u|dwisidasdg ips hrispiaf p|hjpihs! Kjx|ipixs is hacdx|jfh` pd cdapiaxh hrujaìaf ja`xuf|jìaf ips p|hjpy ahpvd|n!

:93! Kjx|ipixs’s @PCs ia fhah|jm khhp pbh spja`j|`s- lxp j axklh| dg `hgicihacihs bjwh lhha i`hapigih` ia pbh @PCs d| ia pbhi| iaph|u|hpjpida ja`

ikumhkhapjpida ly pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy! Kjx|ipixs is fhah|jmmy jlmh pdhrcbjafh iagd|kjpida gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap pd pbh j`kiaisp|jpida ja` hagd|ch+khap dg @PCs ja` pjr mjvs! Xapim |hchapmy- Kjx|ipixs ì` adp hrcbjafhiagd|kjpida da ch|pjia hapipihs- ia cdap|jwhapida vipb ips p|hjpihs! Ip |hkhìh`pbis sipxjpida ly jkhaìaf pbh `dkhspic mjv pbjp u|hwhaph` pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida |hmjpiaf pd ada+pjr |hsi`haps "ia uj|picxmj| FLC<s)!

:90! Kjx|ipixs bjs pbh udvh| pd hrcbjafh ljan iagd|kjpida ja` ip bjsjm|hj`y `dah sd vbha u|dwi`h` ly pbh pjrujyh|! Hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida is adpmikiph` ly `dkhspic pjr iaph|hsps hrchup vipb dah uj|pah|! Pbh|h is ad ispiac+

pida `|jva ia Kjx|ipixs’s @PCs lhpvhha ciwim ja` c|ikiajm kjpph|s js gj| js




75 – CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? HRCBJAFIAF IAGD\KJPIDA

pjrjpida is cdach|ah` ja` ad `xjm c|ikiajmipy juumihs! Pbh|h j|h ad |hsp|icpidasia pbh HDI u|dwisidas ia Kjx|ipixs’s @PCs pbjp vdxm` u|hwhap Kjx|ipixs g|dk u|dwiìaf iagd|kjpida ia j suhcigic gd|k- js mdaf js pbis is cdasisphap vipb ipsdva j`kiaisp|jpiwh u|jcpichs! Ia u|jcpich- pbh uj|pah| ox|isìcpida kxsp cmhj|my

suhcigy vbhpbh| ip |hzxi|hs pbh iagd|kjpida ia j suhcigic gd|k pd dlpjia ip!

:98! Jmm HDI j|picmhs ia Kjx|ipixs’s @PCs bjwh cdagi`hapijmipy u|dwisidasja` Kjx|ipixs’s `dkhspic mhfismjpida jmsd cdapjias |hmhwjap cdagi`hapijmipy

u|dwisidas! Ia u|jcpich adah dg Kjx|ipixs’s uj|pah|s iaìcjph` pbjp j cdagi`ha+pijmipy issxh bjs hwh| j|isha!

:97! Pbh|h is ad mhfjm |hsp|icpida da pbh jlimipy dg Kjx|ipixs’s cdkuhphapjxpbd|ipy pd |hsuda` pd |hzxhsps vipbia 95 `jys dg |hchiup ly u|dwiìaf pbhiagd|kjpida |hzxhsph` d| ly u|dwiìaf ja xu`jph da pbh spjpxs dg pbh |hzxhsp!Ia u|jcpich Kjx|ipixs vjs jlmh pd |hsuda` vipbia 95 `jys ia kd|h pbja 25(dg pbh ada+uhaìaf cjshs! Iagd|kjpida is u|dwi`h` ia wh|y sbd|p `hmjys vbha|hjìmy jwjimjlmh vipb pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy! @hmjys lhcdkh cdasi`h|jlmymdafh| vbha pbh iagd|kjpida bjs lhha |hzxhsph` g|dk pbh uh|sda cdach|ah`ja` pbis uh|sda dhs adp sxlkip pbh |hzxhsph` iagd|kjpida- hsuhcijmmy |hzxhspscdach|aiaf ljan iagd|kjpida! Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` lhpph| cdkkxaicjph vipb ips uj|pah|s vbha gjciaf iggicxmpihs ia cdmmhcpiaf pbh |hzxhsph` iagd|kjpida!

:96! Wj|idxs iaipijpiwhs iaìcjph ja iac|hjsh dg u|djcpiwhahss pbjp sbdxm` lh sxspjiah`! Da pbh d|fjaisjpidajm udiap dg wihv- ja Iaph|ajpidajm PjrjpidaXaip bjs lhha shp xu ja` p|jiah` dwh| pbh mjsp pb|hh yhj|s- ja` j u|dch`x|h

kjaxjm bjs lhha |hchapmy j`duph`! Pbh jkha`khap pd pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp pdjmmdv hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida da ada+|hsi`haps sbdxm` sifaigicjapmy iac|hjshpbh vd|nmdj` dg pbh Xaip ja` Kjx|ipixs’s uh|gd|kjach vimm lh cmdshmy kdai+pd|h` ia pbh g|jkhvd|n dg pbh gdmmdv+xu pd pbh u|hshap uhh| |hwihv |hud|p!Kjx|ipixs jmsd pddn iaipijpiwhs pd iac|hjsh pbh jvj|hahss dg pbh fmdljm lxsi+ahss cdkkxaipy ia Kjx|ipixs da pbh ikud|pjach ja` sh|idxsahss dg hrcbjafhdg iagd|kjpida gd| pjr ux|udshs! Pbh GSC issxh` j ci|cxmj| mhpph| pd kjajfh+khap cdkujaihs ia Ghl|xj|y <5:5 ja` pbh K\J u|huj|h` jadpbh| ci|cxmj| jgph| pbh da+siph wisip!

C!:! Hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida khcbjaisks

:92! Shcpida 67 dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp u|dwi`hs pbh Kiaisph| dg Giajachvipb pbh udvh| pd haph| iapd j||jafhkhaps vipb gd|hifa fdwh|akhaps gd| pbhhrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida vipb j wihv pd jssispiaf "i) ia pbh `hph|kiajpida dg c|hìps ja` hrhkupidas ia |hsuhcp dg iacdkh pjr ja` gd|hifa pjr- "ii) ia pbh u|hwhapida dg g|jx`- d| "iii) ia pbh j`kiaisp|jpida dg pbh mjvs ia |hmjpida pd

iacdkh pjr ja` gd|hifa pjr!

Hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida khcbjaisks sbdxm` jmmdv gd| hgghcpiwh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida!




CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? HRCBJAFIAF IAGD\KJPIDA – 7:

:99! Kjx|ipixs bjs sifah` 36 @PCs pd `jph- dg vbicb 38 haph|h` iapd gd|ch-vipb Lj|lj`ds- Lhmfixk- Ldpsvjaj- Cbiaj- C|djpij- Cyu|xs-36-32 G|jach-Fh|kjay- Iaìj- Ipjmy- Nxvjip- Mhsdpbd- Mxrhkldx|f- Kj`jfjscj|- Kjmjysij-Kdjklizxh- Ajkilij- Ahujm- Dkja- Ujnispja- Zjpj|- \vja`j- Shahfjm-

Shycbhmmhs- Siafjud|h- Sdxpb Jg|icj- S|i Mjanj- Svjimja`- Svh`ha- Pbjimja`-Pxaisij- Xfja`j- Xaiph` J|jl Hki|jphs- Xaiph` Niaf`dkja` _ikljlvh!

<55! Kjx|ipixs jmsd sifah` j @PC vipb Ljafmj`hsb ia <559 "ja` vipb\xssij ia :998) ja` is jcpiwhmy ahfdpijpiaf j axklh| dg ahv p|hjpihs d| u|dpd+cdms "shh sxl+cbjuph| C!< lhmdv)! Kjx|ipixs bjs jmsd giajmish` ips sir gi|sp PjrIagd|kjpida Hrcbjafh Jf|hhkhaps "PIHJs) vipb @hakj|n- Gj|dh Ismja`s-Giamja`- F|hhamja`- Ichmja` ja` Ad|vjy!

<5:! Pbh Kjx|ipija cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy gd| iacdkiaf HDI |hzxhsps ispbh @i|hcpd| dg pbh mj|fh Pjrujyh|s @huj|pkhap dg pbh Kjx|ipixs \hwhaxhJxpbd|ipy! Pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy gd| dxpfdiaf HDI |hzxhsps is pbh @i|hcpd| Fhah|jm dg pbh K\J!

<5<! Jmm Kjx|ipixs’s @PCs u|dwi`h gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida da |hzxhsp!Siach pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy bjs lhha |hsp|xcpx|h` ia <557- Kjx|ipixs |hchiwh`<55 HDI |hzxhsps g|dk aiah p|hjpy uj|pah|s! Ip is hruhcph` pbjp Kjx|ipixs vimm|hchiwh kd|h |hzxhsps adv pbjp hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida da FLC<s is udssilmhja` pbh udssilimipy gd| Kjx|ipixs pd hrcbjafh ljan iagd|kjpida bjs lhha cmj|i+gih`! Pbh @PCs vipb Iaìj- Dkja ja` Ujnispja jmmdv gd| jxpdkjpic hrcbjafh"”da j |dxpiah ljsis‛) jmpbdxfb pbis is adp cj||ih` dxp ia u|jcpich! Kjx|ipixs bjs

adp hrcbjafh` iagd|kjpida sudapjahdxsmy hipbh|- dwh| pbh mjsp pb|hh yhj|s!39

36! Adph ly Px|nhy?

Pbh iagd|kjpida ia pbis `dcxkhap vipb |hgh|hach pd ”Cyu|xs‛ |hmjphs pd pbh sdxpbh|a uj|p dg pbh Ismja`! Pbh|h is ad siafmh jxpbd|ipy |hu|hshapiaf ldpb Px|nisb ja` F|hhn

Cyu|idp uhdumh da pbh Ismja`! Px|nhy |hcdfaishs pbh Px|nisb \huxlmic dg Ad|pbh|a

Cyu|xs "P\AC)! Xapim j mjspiaf ja` hzxipjlmh sdmxpida is gdxa` vipbia pbh cdaphrp dg pbh Xaiph` Ajpidas- Px|nhy sbjmm u|hsh|wh ips udsipida cdach|aiaf pbh ”Cyu|xs issxh‛!

32! Adph ly jmm pbh Hx|duhja Xaida Khklh| Spjphs dg pbh DHC@ ja` pbh Hx|duhja

Cdkkissida?Pbh \huxlmic dg Cyu|xs is |hcdfaish` ly jmm khklh|s dg pbh Xaiph` Ajpidas vipb

pbh hrchupida dg Px|nhy! Pbh iagd|kjpida ia pbis `dcxkhap |hmjphs pd pbh j|hj

xa`h| pbh hgghcpiwh cdap|dm dg pbh Fdwh|akhap dg pbh \huxlmic dg Cyu|xs!

39! Ia j`ìpida- :3 @PCs u|dwi`h gd| pbh udssilimipy pd cdasxmp vipb j wihv pd

”`hwhmdu juu|du|ijph cdaìpidas- khpbd`s ja` phcbaizxhs cdach|aiaf pbh kjpph|s

ia |hsuhcp dg vbicb hrcbjafhs dg iagd|kjpida sbjmm lh kj`h- iacmxìaf vbh|h

juu|du|ijph- hrcbjafhs dg iagd|kjpida |hfj|ìaf pjr jwdi`jach‛! Bdvhwh|- ad

sxcb cdasxmpjpidas bjwh pjnha umjch sd gj|! "@PCs vipb Ldpsvjaj- Mhsdpbd-

Mxrhkldx|f- Kj`jfjscj|- Dkja- Ujnispja- \xssij- Sdxpb Jg|icj- S|i Mjanj-

Svjimja`- Svh`ha- Xfja`j ja` _ikljlvh!)




7< – CDKUMIJACH VIPB PBH SPJA@J\@S? HRCBJAFIAF IAGD\KJPIDA

Gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap spja`j|` "Pd\ C!:!:)

<53! Pbh iaph|ajpidajm spja`j|` gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida hawis+jfhs iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh xuda |hzxhsp pd pbh vi`hsp udssilmh hrphap!

Ahwh|pbhmhss ip `dhs adp jmmdv ”gisbiaf hruhìpidas‛- pbjp is pd sjy suhcxmj+piwh |hzxhsps gd| iagd|kjpida pbjp bjwh ad juuj|hap ahrxs pd ja duha iazxi|yd| iawhspifjpida! Pbh ljmjach lhpvhha pbhsh pvd cdkuhpiaf cdasi`h|jpidasis cjupx|h` ia pbh spja`j|` dg ”gd|hshhjlmh |hmhwjach‛ vbicb is iacmx`h` ia

uj|jf|jub : dg J|picmh <7 dg pbh DHC@ Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida shp dxp lhmdv?

Pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipihs dg pbh cdap|jcpiaf spjphs sbjmmhrcbjafh sxcb iagd|kjpida js is gd|shhjlmy |hmhwjap pd pbh cj|+|yiaf dxp dg pbh u|dwisidas dg pbis Cdawhapida d| pd pbh j`kiais+p|jpida d| hagd|chkhap dg pbh `dkhspic mjvs cdach|aiaf pjrhs dg hwh|y nia` ja` `hsc|iupida ikudsh` da lhbjmg dg pbh cdap|jcpiafspjphs d| pbhi| udmipicjm sxlìwisidas d| mdcjm jxpbd|ipihs ia sd gj| js pbh pjrjpida pbh|hxa`h| is adp cdap|j|y pd pbh Cdawhapida! Pbhhrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida is adp |hsp|icph` ly J|picmhs : ja` <!

<50! Pbh cdkkhapj|y pd J|picmh <7 dg pbh DHC@ Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida- uj|jf|jub 8- |hgh|s pd pbh spja`j|` dg ”gd|hshhjlmh |hmhwjach‛ ja` spjphs pbjppbh Cdap|jcpiaf Spjphs kjy jf|hh pd ja jmph|ajpiwh gd|kxmjpida dg pbis spja`+j|` pbjp is cdasisphap vipb pbh scduh dg pbh J|picmh- gd| iaspjach ly |humjciaf”gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap‛ vipb ”ahchssj|y‛ d| ”|hmhwjap‛!

<58! Jmm Kjx|ipixs’s p|hjpihs u|dwi`h gd| pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida pbjp is”ahchssj|y‛ gd| cj||yiaf dxp pbh u|dwisidas dg pbh Cdawhapida d| dg pbh `dkhs+pic pjr mjvs dg pbh Cdap|jcpiaf Spjphs- hrchup pbh <557 u|dpdcdm pd Kjx|ipixs’s@PC vipb Cbiaj- vbicb |jpbh| xshs pbh ph|k ”gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap‛! Kjx|ipixs’sjxpbd|ipihs cdagi|k pbjp pbhy kjnh ad ìspiacpida lhpvhha pbh pvd ph|ks! Jmmpbh jf|hhkhaps pbh|hgd|h khhp pbh ”gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap‛ spja`j|`!

<57! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs bjwh adp shp xu j cbhcnmisp dg iphks pbjp j|hzxhspiaf spjph sbdxm` u|dwi`h ia d|`h| pd `hkdasp|jph pbjp pbh iagd|kjpidasdxfbp is gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs bjwh adahpbhmhssiaìcjph` pbjp pbhy gi|sp cbhcn pbh |hsi`hach dg pbh uh|sda sxlohcp pd j |hzxhsp-vbhpbh| ja hrjkiajpida d| jxìp vjs cj||ih` dxp ja` vbhpbh| pbh |hzxhsp bjsjay ahrxs vipb pbjp uh|sda- pd hasx|h pbjp pbh |hzxhspiaf uj|py is adp iawdmwhìa j gisbiaf hruhìpida! Bdvhwh|- pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy bjs adp lhha jlmh-`x|iaf pbh da+siph wisip- pd `hmiahjph hrjcpmy vbjp ip cdasi`h|s pd lh j oxspigih`|hzxhsp- cdkuj|h` pd j gisbiaf hruhìpida! Ip mjph| iaìcjph` pbjp ip vdxm` |hmyda hrispiaf XN cjsh mjv pbjp jm|hj`y ìspiafxisbhs lhpvhha ”gisbiaf‛ ja`”|hmhwjach‛!05 Ia j`ìpida- j |hzxhspiaf ox|isìcpida pd vbdk iagd|kjpida

05! \h Spjph dg Ad|vjy’s Juumicjpida – Nh|| CO sji` ^:929[!





|hzxhspiaf ox|isìcpida pd suhcigy d| cmj|igy ips |hzxhsp ig ip cdasi`h|s pbjppbh gi|sp jasvh| `dhs adp j``|hss ips ahh`s! Js sxcb- p|hjpy uj|pah|s kjniaf|hzxhsps j|h j`wish` pd lh suhcigic da pbh iagd|kjpida |hzxhsph` "h!f! jccdxapsjxìph` d| adp- j``|hss dg pbh sh|wich u|dwi`h| d| dg pbh sbj|hbdm`h|s) pd jwdi`

xaahchssj|y `hmjys ja` kiscdkkxaicjpida! Ia pbis |hfj|`- pbh Kjx|ipijacdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy kjy cdasi`h| cdkkxaicjpiaf vipb ips p|hjpy uj|pah|svbh|h ip ghhms pbh |hzxhsps j|h xacmhj| ja` fhah|jmmy u|dwiìaf ghh`ljcn pd ipsp|hjpy uj|pah|s ia wihv dg iac|hjsiaf pbh hggicihacy dg pbhi| HDI |hmjpidasbiu!

Ia |hsuhcp dg jmm uh|sdas "Pd\ C!:!<)

<::! Gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida pd lh hgghcpiwh ip is ahchssj|y pbjp j ox|isìcpida’s dlmifjpida pd u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida is adp |hsp|icph` ly pbh |hsi+`hach d| ajpidajmipy dg pbh uh|sda pd vbdk pbh iagd|kjpida |hmjphs d| ly pbh|hsi`hach d| ajpidajmipy dg pbh uh|sda ia udsshssida d| cdap|dm dg pbh iagd|+kjpida |hzxhsph`! Gd| pbis |hjsda pbh iaph|ajpidajm spja`j|` gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida hawisjfhs pbjp HDI khcbjaisks vimm u|dwi`h gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida ia |hsuhcp dg jmm uh|sdas ja` uj|jf|jub : dg J|picmh <7 dg pbhDHC@ Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida iaìcjphs pbjp ”Pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida isadp |hsp|icph` ly J|picmh :‛ pbjp `hgiahs pbh uh|sdajm scduh dg juumicjpida dg pbh Cdawhapida!0:

<:<! Sir @PCs `d adp cdapjia pbh shaphach iaìcjpiaf pbjp pbh hrcbjafhdg iagd|kjpida is adp |hsp|icph` ly J|picmh :- ajkhmy p|hjpihs vipb Fh|kjay-

Iaìj- Kjmjysij- Dkja- Siafjud|h ja` pbh Xaiph` Niaf`dk! Pbh p|hjpihsvipb pbh giwh mjpph| adahpbhmhss juumy pd ldpb |hsi`hap ja` ada+|hsi`haps!Pbh HDI u|dwisida dg pbh p|hjpihs vipb Kjmjysij- Dkja- Siafjud|h ja` pbhXaiph` Niaf`dk juumihs pd ”cj||yiaf dxp pbh u|dwisidas dg pbh Cdawhapidad| dg pbh `dkhspic mjvs dg pbh Cdap|jcpiaf Spjphs cdach|aiaf pjrhs cdwh|h` ly pbh Cdawhapida iasdgj| js pbh pjrjpida pbh|hxa`h| is adp cdap|j|y pd pbhCdawhapida‛! Pbhsh p|hjpihs vdxm adp lh mikiph` pd |hsi`haps lhcjxsh jmmpjrujyh|s- |hsi`hap d| adp- j|h mijlmh pd pbh `dkhspic pjrhs misph` ia J|picmh <"h!f! `dkhspic mjvs jmsd juumy pjrhs pd pbh sdx|ch dg iacdkh dg ada+|hsi`haps)!Hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida ia |hsuhcp dg jmm uh|sdas is pbxs udssilmh xa`h| pbh

ph|ks dg pbhsh p|hjpihs! Pbh p|hjpy vipb Iaìj u|dwi`hs gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|+kjpida damy gd| pbh ux|udshs dg ”cj||yiaf dxp pbh u|dwisidas dg pbh u|hshapCdawhapida‛! Lxp ip jmsd cdwh|s pbh ”u|hwhapida dg hwjsida dg pjrhs vbicb j|hpbh sxlohcp dg pbh cdawhapida‛! Ia pbis cjsh jfjia pbh khapidah` pjrhs juumy pd ldpb |hsi`hap ja` ada+|hsi`hap ja` pbh p|hjpy juumihs pd jmm uh|sdas!

<:3! Pbh p|hjpy vipb Fh|kjay |hsp|icps hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida pd ”cj|+|yiaf dxp pbh u|dwisidas dg pbh u|hshap Cdawhapida‛! Ia pbis cjsh- hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida is mikiph` pd |hsi`haps lhcjxsh J|picmh : dg pbh p|hjpy iaìcjphs

0:! @PCs juumy pd uh|sdas vbd j|h |hsi`haps dg dah d| ldpb dg pbh Cdap|jcpiaf Spjphs!





pbjp ip juumihs pd ”uh|sdas vbd j|h |hsi`haps dg dah d| ldpb dg pbh Cdap|jcpiafSpjphs‛! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs jssx|h pbjp pbis issxh sbdxm` lh |hsdmwh`vipb pbh hap|y iapd gd|ch dg pbh ahv @PC cx||hapmy jvjipiaf sifajpx|h!

<:0! Pbh @PC vipb Mxrhkldx|f hrcmx`hs sdkh hapipihs g|dk pbh `hgiai+pida dg ”|hsi`hap‛ lxp siach hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida is adp mikiph` ly j|picmh :ia pbis p|hjpy- pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs cdagi|kh` pbjp pbh cdap|jcpiaf uj|pihssbdxm` hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida |hmjpiaf pd pbhsh hapipihs!

<:8! @hsuiph pbis juuj|hap cdagd|kipy dg pbh Kjx|ipija p|hjpihs vipb pbhspja`j|`- sdkh p|hjpy uj|pah|s iaìcjph` pbjp ia u|jcpich Kjx|ipixs bjs adpjasvh|h` sdkh |hzxhsps gd| iagd|kjpida ia |hmjpida pd FLC<s! Pbh Kjx|ipijajxpbd|ipihs cdagi|kh` pbis spjphkhap ja` hrumjiah` pbjp pbh ikuhìkhapvjs adp ia pbh p|hjpihs lxp ia pbh Kjx|ipija mjv- vbh|hly shcpida 63J dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp u|dwi`hs pbjp ”J cdkujay bdmìaf j Cjphfd|y < FmdljmLxsiahss Michach xa`h| pbh Giajacijm Sh|wichs Jcp <556 sbjmm adp lh |hsi`hapgd| pbh ux|udshs dg shcpida 67‛- ja` shcpida 67 u|hcmx`h` hrcbjafh dg iagd|+kjpida da ada+|hsi`hap uh|sdas!

<:7! Shcpida 67 dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp vjs jkha`h` ia Oxmy <559 pd j``pbjp "3) Ja j||jafhkhap‧ kjy cdapjia u|dwisida ia |hmjpida pd gd|hifa pjrja` iacdkh pjr‧ ”"f) gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida ia |hsuhcp dg jay uh|sdaadp |hsi`hap ia Kjx|ipixs!‛ Pbh|hgd|h Kjx|ipixs vimm ad mdafh| |hgxsh pdjasvh| j |hzxhsp gd| iagd|kjpida |hmjpiaf pd j FLC< d| jay dpbh| uh|sda d| hapipy adp |hsi`hap ia Kjx|ipixs! Ia u|jcpich Kjx|ipixs is fjpbh|iaf iagd|kj+

pida da j FLC<- pd jasvh| j |hzxhsp |hchiwh` jgph| Oxmy <559!

<:6! Pbis jkha`khap pd pbh mjv iac|hjshs pbh jlimipy dg Kjx|ipixs pdjasvh| HDI |hzxhsps! Ia uj|picxmj|- ip juuhj|s pbjp sdkh p|hjpy uj|pah|s|hg|jiah` g|dk shaìaf |hzxhsps da FLC<s pd Kjx|ipixs ia japiciujpida dg j ada |hsudash! @x|iaf pbh da+siph wisip- pbh jsshsskhap phjk adph` pbjpKjx|ipixs’s cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy cdxm` bjwh xshgxmmy adpigih` pbis jkha`+khap pd ips |hfxmj| p|hjpy uj|pah|s "G|jach- Iaìj) js vhmm js ox|isìcpidas pdvbicb ip `haih` jcchss pd iagd|kjpida da FLC<s! Gdmmdviaf pbh da+siph wisip-Kjx|ipixs u|huj|h` j adpigicjpida pd jmm ips 38 p|hjpy uj|pah|s iagd|kiaf pbhk

dg Kjx|ipixs’s jlimipy pd hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida da FLC< cdkujaihs! Uj|pah| ox|isìcpidas dg Kjx|ipixs j|h iawiph` pd sha` HDI |hzxhsps pd Kjx|ipixs ia|hmjpida pd FLC<s vbhahwh| gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap- ja` |hud|p pd pbh FmdljmGd|xk ia cjsh dg ada |hsudash!

Hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida bhm` ly giajacijm iaspipxpidas- adkiahhs-jfhaps ja` dvah|sbiu ja` i`hapipy iagd|kjpida "Pd\ C!:!3)

<:2! Ox|isìcpidas cjaadp hafjfh ia hgghcpiwh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida ig pbhy cjaadp hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida bhm` ly giajacijm iaspipxpidas- adkiahhs d|

uh|sdas jcpiaf ia ja jfhacy d| j gi`xcij|y cjujcipy! Ldpb pbh DHC@ Kd`hm





Pjr Cdawhapida ja` pbh Kd`hm Jf|hhkhap da Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida-vbicb j|h pbh jxpbd|ipjpiwh sdx|chs dg pbh spja`j|`s- spiuxmjph pbjp ljan shc|hcy cjaadp gd|k pbh ljsis gd| `hcmiaiaf j |hzxhsp pd u|dwi`h iagd|kj+pida ja` pbjp j |hzxhsp gd| iagd|kjpida cjaadp lh `hcmiah` sdmhmy lhcjxsh pbh

iagd|kjpida is bhm` ly adkiahhs d| uh|sdas jcpiaf ia ja jfhacy d| gi`xcij|ycjujcipy d| lhcjxsh pbh iagd|kjpida |hmjphs pd ja dvah|sbiu iaph|hsp!

Ljan iagd|kjpida

<:9! Juj|p g|dk pbh u|dpdcdm pd pbh p|hjpy vipb Cbiaj- adah dg Kjx|ipixs’s@PCs cx||hapmy ia gd|ch iacmx`h pbh u|dwisida cdapjiah` ia uj|jf|jub <7"8) dg pbh DHC@ Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida- vbicb spjphs pbjp j cdap|jcpiaf spjph kjyadp `hcmiah pd sxuumy iagd|kjpida sdmhmy lhcjxsh pbh iagd|kjpida is bhm` ly j ljan- dpbh| giajacijm iaspipxpida- adkiahh d| uh|sda jcpiaf ia ja jfhacy d| jgi`xcij|y cjujcipy d| lhcjxsh ip |hmjphs pd dvah|sbiu iaph|hsps ia j uh|sda!

<<5! Bdvhwh|- pbh jlshach dg pbis uj|jf|jub `dhs adp jxpdkjpicjmmy c|hjph|hsp|icpidas da hrcbjafh dg ljan iagd|kjpida! Pbh cdkkhapj|y da j|picmh<7"8) iaìcjphs pbjp vbimsp uj|jf|jub 8 "j``h` pd pbh Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapidaia <558) |hu|hshaps j cbjafh ia pbh sp|xcpx|h dg pbh J|picmh- ip sbdxm` adp lh iaph|u|hph` js sxffhspiaf pbjp pbh u|hwidxs wh|sida dg pbh J|picmh ì` adpjxpbd|ish pbh hrcbjafh dg sxcb iagd|kjpida! Kjx|ipixs bjs jcchss pd ljan iagd|kjpida gd| pjr ux|udshs ia ips `dkhspic mjv "shh shcpida L)- ja` ux|sxjappd ips p|hjpihs is jlmh pd hrcbjafh pbis pyuh dg iagd|kjpida vbha |hzxhsph`- da

j |hciu|dcjm ljsis- i!h! vbh|h pbh|h j|h ad `dkhspic ikuhìkhaps pd hrcbjafh ljan iagd|kjpida ia pbh cjsh dg pbh |hzxhspiaf uj|py!

<<:! @hsuiph pbh gjcp pbjp kdsp Kjx|ipija p|hjpihs `d adp iacmx`h uj|jf|jub8 dg pbh Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida- ja` pbh|hgd|h sxlohcp hrcbjafh dg ljan iagd|+kjpida pd |hciu|dcipy- pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy jssx|h` pbjp ip vdxm` adahpbh+mhss u|dwi`h ljan iagd|kjpida- hwha ig pbh |hzxhspiaf ox|isìcpida vdxm` adp lh jlmh pd `d pbh sjkh- lhcjxsh pbh Kjx|ipija mjv `dhs adp |hzxi|h |hciu|dc+ipy! @x|iaf pbh da+siph wisip- pbh jsshsskhap phjk hacdx|jfh` Kjx|ipixs’scdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy pd cmj|igy pbis iaph|u|hpjpida vipb ips p|hjpy uj|pah|s!

Siach pbha- pbh K\J u|huj|h` j mhpph| pd iagd|k jmm ips p|hjpy uj|pah|s pbjp ipis jlmh ja` vimmiaf pd hrcbjafh ljan iagd|kjpida hwha ia pbh jlshach dg jayhrumicip u|dwisidas pd pbjp hgghcp ia pbh p|hjpy- ja` vbhpbh| d| adp pbh uj|pah| u|dwi`hs j |hciu|dcjm p|hjpkhap pd Kjx|ipixs’s HDI |hzxhsps "shh Jaahr 8)!0<

0<! Jkdaf Kjx|ipixs’ p|hjpy uj|pah|s- Lhmfixk- Ldpsvjaj- Mxrhkldx|f ja`

Siafjud|h j|h cx||hapmy xajlmh pd jcchss ljan iagd|kjpida gd| hrcbjafh ux|+

udshs jlshap ja hrumicip u|dwisida ia pbh p|hjpy! Gd| p|hjpihs vipb sdkh dpbh|

ox|isìcpidas- pbh uhh| |hwihv u|dchss dg pbhsh ox|isìcpidas vimm jsshss vbhpbh|

pbhi| `dkhspic mjv uh|kips hgghcpiwh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida! Kjx|ipixs jmsd bjs

j axklh| dg p|hjpy uj|pah|s adp cdwh|h` ly pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk jsshsskhap- gd|





<<<! Ia u|jcpich- Kjx|ipixs bjs hrcbjafh` ljan iagd|kjpida ia shwh|jmiaspjachs- lxp sdkh p|hjpy uj|pah|s iaìcjph` pbjp pbhy bjwh adp "yhp) |hchiwh`sdkh ljan iagd|kjpida g|dk Kjx|ipixs! Pbh dlspjcmhs khp vh|h adp mianh`pd ljan shc|hcy ia p|hjpihs lxp "i) pd pbh ada+|hsi`hap spjpxs dg pbh uh|sda

sxlohcp pd pbh |hzxhsp jp j `jph vbha Kjx|ipixs i` adp hrcbjafh iagd|kjpidada ada+|hsi`hap- "ii) pd pbh pikhmiahss dg jcchss pd ljan iagd|kjpida vbha pbhpjrujyh| |hgxshs pd u|dwi`h pbh iagd|kjpida ì|hcpmy "dah uhaìaf cjsh)- ja`"iii) pbh gd|hshhjlmh |hmhwjach dg pbh ljan iagd|kjpida |hzxi|h` "dah uha`+iaf cjsh)! Pbh mhfismjpiwh jkha`khaps ja` pbh cdkkipkhap xa`h|pjnha lyKjx|ipixs wis+å+wis ips HDI uj|pah|s juuhj| u|duh| pd dwh|cdkh pbhsh dlspj+cmhs ia gxpx|h!

Iagd|kjpida jp pbh ìsudsjm dg pjr jxpbd|ipihs damy

<<3! Pbh @PC vipb pbh Xaiph` Niaf`dk cdapjias j |hsp|icpiwh HDI u|dwi+sida- siach ip cdwh|s damy pbh iagd|kjpida jm|hj`y jp pbh ìsudsjm dg pbh pjrjxpbd|ipihs! Dah iaph|u|hpjpida dg pbis u|dwisida vdxm` |hsp|icp iagd|kjpidahrcbjafh pd iagd|kjpida jm|hj`y bhm` ly pbh pjr jxpbd|ipihs! Pbis vdxmhrcmx`h hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida vbha pbh iagd|kjpida is adp uj|p dg pbh pjr|hpx|as "h!f! xmpikjph dvah|sbiu dg Kjx|ipija hapipihs)! Sikimj|my ad hrcbjafhvdxm` lh udssilmh js |hfj|`s iagd|kjpida jwjimjlmh pd d| ia pbh cdap|dm dg uh|+sdas adp vipbia pbh pjr ox|isìcpida dg Kjx|ipixs sxcb js jmm iagd|kjpida daj FLC<! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs jssx|h pbjp pbis issxh sbdxm` lh |hsdmwh`

dach pbh u|dpdcdm pd pbh @PC- cx||hapmy jvjipiaf sifajpx|h- vimm bjwh haph|hìapd gd|ch!

Jlshach dg `dkhspic pjr iaph|hsp "Pd\ C!:!0)

<<0! Pbh cdachup dg ”`dkhspic pjr iaph|hsp‛ `hsc|ilhs j sipxjpida vbh|h jcdap|jcpiaf uj|py cja damy u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida pd jadpbh| cdap|jcpiaf uj|pyig ip bjs ja iaph|hsp ia pbh |hzxhsph` iagd|kjpida gd| ips dva pjr ux|udshs! Jaiajlimipy pd u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida ljsh` da j `dkhspic pjr iaph|hsp |hzxi|hkhapis adp cdasisphap vipb pbh iaph|ajpidajm spja`j|`! Cdap|jcpiaf uj|pihs kxsp xsh

pbhi| iagd|kjpida fjpbh|iaf khjsx|hs hwha pbdxfb iawdnh` sdmhmy pd dlpjiaja` u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida pd pbh dpbh| cdap|jcpiaf uj|py!

<<8! Juj|p g|dk pbh u|dpdcdm pd pbh p|hjpy vipb Cbiaj- adah dg Kjx|ipixs’s@PCs cx||hapmy ia gd|ch iacmx`h pbh u|dwisida cdapjiah` ia uj|jf|jub <7"0)dg pbh DHC@ Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida- vbicb spjphs pbjp pbh |hzxhsph` uj|py

vbicb ad jsshsskhap bjs lhha kj`h js vbhpbh| pbhy cja hrcbjafh ljan iagd|kj+

pida> Ljafmj`hsb- C|djpij- Nxvjip- Mhsdpbd- Kj`jfjscj|- Kdjklizxh- Ajkilij-

Ahujm- Dkja- Ujnispja- \vja`j- Shahfjm- S|i Mjanj- Svjimja`- Pbjimja`-

Pxaisij- Xfja`j ja` _ikljlvh!





”sbjmm xsh ips iagd|kjpida fjpbh|iaf khjsx|hs pd dlpjia pbh |hzxhsph` iagd|+kjpida- hwha pbdxfb pbjp îp[ kjy adp ahh` sxcb iagd|kjpida gd| ips dva pjr ux|udshs‛! Bdvhwh|- pbh jlshach dg j sikimj| u|dwisida ia dpbh| p|hjpihs `dhsadp ia u|iaciumh c|hjph |hsp|icpidas da hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida u|dwi`h` pbh|h

is ad `dkhspic pjr iaph|hsp ikuhìkhap pd hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida ia pbh cjshdg hipbh| cdap|jcpiaf uj|py "shh Cdkkhapj|y :9!7 pd pbh DHC@ Kd`hm PjrCdawhapida)!

<<7! Kjx|ipixs jkha`h` ips Iacdkh Pjr Jcp ia <555 pd cmj|igy pbjp j`dkhspic pjr iaph|hsp |hzxi|hkhap `dhs adp u|hwhap Kjx|ipixs g|dk hrcbjaf+iaf iagd|kjpida gd| pjr ux|udshs! Shcpida :<0 suhcigicjmmy spjphs pbjp hwh|y uh|sda bjs ja dlmifjpida pd gx|aisb iagd|kjpida pd pbh K\J gd| pbh ux|udshdg hajlmiaf pbh @i|hcpd|+Fhah|jm pd kjnh ja jsshsskhap d| pd cdmmhcp pjr d|-jmph|ajpiwhmy- ”pd cdkumy vipb jay |hzxhsp gd| pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida

xa`h| ja j||jafhkhap kj`h ux|sxjap pd shcpida 67‛- i!h! j||jafhkhaps gd| |hmihg g|dk `dxlmh pjrjpida ja` gd| pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida! Ia u|jc+pich- adah dg Kjx|ipixs’s p|hjpy uj|pah| khapidah` ja issxh dg `dkhspic pjriaph|hsp!

<<6! Bdvhwh|- js u|hwidxsmy iaìcjph`- Kjx|ipixs’s @PC vipb pbh XN cdapjias j wh|y |hsp|icpiwh HDI u|dwisida vbicb cdwh|s damy pbh iagd|kjpidajm|hj`y jp pbh ìsudsjm dg pbh pjr jxpbd|ipihs! Pbis issxh sbdxm` lh |hsdmwh`vipb pbh hap|y iapd gd|ch dg pbh u|dpdcdm pbjp is jvjipiaf sifajpx|h!

Jlshach dg `xjm c|ikiajmipy u|iaciumhs "Pd\ C!:!8) ja` Hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida ia ldpb ciwim ja` c|ikiajm pjr kjpph|s "Pd\ C!:!7)

<<2! Iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh kjy lh |hzxhsph` ldpb gd| pjr j`kiaisp|jpida ux|udshs ja` gd| pjr u|dshcxpida ux|udshs! Pbh iaph|ajpidajm spja`j|` is adpmikiph` pd iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh ia c|ikiajm pjr kjpph|s lxp hrpha`s pd iagd|+kjpida |hzxhsph` gd| pjr j`kiaisp|jpida ux|udshs "jmsd |hgh||h` pd js ”ciwimpjr kjpph|s‛)! Jmm dg pbh HDI j|picmh ia @PCs sifah` ly Kjx|ipixs kjy lhxsh` pd dlpjia iagd|kjpida pd `hjm vipb ldpb ciwim ja` c|ikiajm pjr kjpph|s!

<<9! Juj|p g|dk pbh u|dpdcdm pd pbh p|hjpy vipb Cbiaj- adah dg Kjx|ipixs’s@PCs ia gd|ch cdapjia pbh hrumicip vd|ìaf dg J|picmh <7":) dg pbh DHC@Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida- vbicb |hgh|s pd iagd|kjpida gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap ”gd| cj||yiaf dxp pbh u|dwisidas dg pbis Cdawhapida d| pd pbh j`kiaisp|jpida ja`hagd|chkhap dg pbh `dkhspic pjr[ mjvs‛! Kdsp p|hjpihs |hgh| kd|h l|dj`mypd iagd|kjpida ahchssj|y gd| cj||yiaf dxp pbh u|dwisidas dg pbh Cdawhapidad| dg pbh `dkhspic mjvs cdach|aiaf pjrhs cdwh|h` ly pbh Cdawhapida- vipb+dxp hrcmxìaf hipbh| ciwim ad| c|ikiajm kjpph|s! Ia j`ìpida- pbh HDI j|picmhia pvhapy @PCs suhcigicjmmy khapidas pbjp pbh iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh vimmdccx| iacmxìaf gd| pbh u|hwhapida dg g|jx` ja`$d| hwjsida ia |hmjpida pd pjrhs"c|ikiajm kjpph|s)!





<35! Pbh u|iaciumh dg xjm c|ikiajmipy u|dwi`hs pbjp jssispjach cja damy lh u|dwi`h` ig pbh cda`xcp lhiaf iawhspifjph` "ja` fiwiaf |ish pd ja iagd|kjpida|hzxhsp) vdxm` cdaspipxph j c|ikh xa`h| pbh mjvs dg pbh |hzxhsph` ox|isìc+pida ig ip bj` dccx||h` ia pbh |hzxhsph` ox|isìcpida! Ia d|`h| pd lh hgghcpiwh-

hrcbjafh dg pjr iagd|kjpida sbdxm` adp lh cdasp|jiah` ly pbh juumicjpida dg pbh `xjm c|ikiajmipy u|iaciumh! Pbh|h j|h ad `xjm c|ikiajmipy u|dwisidas iaKjx|ipija @PCs ja` ad issxh mianh` pd `xjm c|ikiajmipy j|dsh ia u|jcpich!

<3:! Kjx|ipixs cja jmsd hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida vipb jmm cdxap|ihs ia sh|idxsc|ikiajm pjr kjpph|s "i!h! ia pbh cjsh dg dgghachs uxaisbjlmh ly iku|isdakhapdg jp mhjsp dah yhj|)- da pbh cdaìpida dg |hciu|dcipy- ux|sxjap pd pbh KxpxjmJssispjach ia C|ikiajm ja` \hmjph` Kjpph|s Jcp <553 "shcpidas < ja` 8)!Sdkh pjr dgghachs khhp pbis pb|hsbdm`!03 Jmpbdxfb pbis mjv `dhs adp khhp pbhiaph|ajpidajm spja`j|`- ip kjy jssisp ox|isìcpidas pbjp bjwh adp haph|h` iapd

ja hrcbjafh dg pjr iagd|kjpida khcbjaisk vipb Kjx|ipixs! Pbhsh ox|isìc+pidas cja dlpjia iagd|kjpida gd| c|ikiajm pjr kjpph|s- ig pbhy cja u|dwh pbjppbh iagd|kjpida is sdxfbp pd u|hwhap giscjm hwjsida!00 Ia u|jcpich- Kjx|ipixsbjs jm|hj`y lhha |hzxhsph` pd |ha`h| kxpxjm mhfjm jssispjach |hmjph` pd j pjrdgghach ia pvd iaspjachs ja` bjs jasvh|h` udsipiwhmy!

<3<! Giajmmy- Kjx|ipixs cja jmsd hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida ia |hmjpida pd jmm pjrdgghachs vbha pbhy j|h pbh u|hìcjph dgghach dg j kdahy mjxa`h|iaf dgghach!08

Pbis jwhaxh dg hrcbjafh is xaphsph`!

U|dwi`h iagd|kjpida ia suhcigic gd|k |hzxhsph` "Pd\ C!:!6)

<33! Ia sdkh cjshs- j Cdap|jcpiaf Spjph kjy ahh` pd |hchiwh iagd|kjpidaia j uj|picxmj| gd|k pd sjpisgy ips hwi`hapij|y d| dpbh| mhfjm |hzxi|hkhaps!Sxcb gd|ks kjy iacmx`h `hudsipidas dg vipahsshs ja` jxpbhapicjph` cduihsdg d|ifiajm |hcd|`s! Cdap|jcpiaf Spjphs sbdxm` ha`hjwdx| js gj| js udssilmh pd

03! Pbh Kjx|ipija mjv u|dwi`h gd| pjr+|hmjph` c|ikiajm dgghachs- gd| vbicb pbh xuuh|

iku|isdakhap uhajmpy is hipbh| 7 kdapbs d| < yhj|s! Pbh|hgd|h kxpxjm mhfjm jssis+

pjach juumihs pd sdkh dg pbh pjr dgghachs damy!

00! Kjx|ipixs cja gd| iaspjach hrcbjafh ljan iagd|kjpida? Shcpida 7"9) dg pbhKxpxjm Jssispjach ia C|ikiajm ja` \hmjph` Kjpph|s Jcp u|dwi`hs pbjp ”adpvipb+

spjaìaf shcpida <7 dg pbh Ljan dg Kjx|ipixs Jcp- shcpida 70 dg pbh Ljaniaf Jcp

"‧)- j Ox`fh ia Cbjklh|s bhj|iaf j |hzxhsp g|dk j gd|hifa Spjph "‧) kjy f|jap

ja hwi`hach+fjpbh|iaf d|`h| d| shj|cb vj||jap jfjiasp pbh Ljan dg Kjx|ipixs-

j ljan d| giajacijm iaspipxpida vbh|h bh is sjpisgih` pbjp "j) pbh iagd|kjpida is

kjph|ijm ja` ahchssj|y pd pbh u|dchhìafs ia pbh gd|hifa Spjph "‧)> ja` "l) pbh

mjv dg pbh gd|hifa Spjph uh|kips pbh ìscmdsx|h dg iagd|kjpida pd gd|hifa Spjphs ia

ci|cxkspjachs sikimj| pd pbh dah |hmjpiaf pd pbh |hzxhsp!‛

08! Pbh GIJKMJ jmsd hapipmhs pbh Kjx|ipija GIX pd hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida vipb dpbh|

GIXs!





jccdkkd`jph sxcb |hzxhsps! Pbh |hzxhsph` Spjph kjy hcmiah pd u|dwi`h pbhiagd|kjpida ia pbh suhcigic gd|k |hzxhsph` ig- gd| iaspjach- pbh |hzxhsph` gd|kis adp nadva d| uh|kipph` xa`h| ips mjv d| j`kiaisp|jpiwh u|jcpich! J |hgxsjmpd u|dwi`h pbh iagd|kjpida ia pbh gd|k |hzxhsph` `dhs adp jgghcp pbh dlmifjpida

pd u|dwi`h pbh iagd|kjpida!

<30! Adah dg Kjx|ipixs’s p|hjpihs hru|hssmy j``|hsshs pbis zxhspida lxppbhy `d adp cdapjia jay |hsp|icpidas hipbh|- vbicb vdxm` u|hwhap Kjx|ipixsg|dk u|dwiìaf iagd|kjpida ia j suhcigic gd|k- sd mdaf js pbis is cdasisphapvipb ips dva j`kiaisp|jpiwh u|jcpichs!

Ia gd|ch "Pd\ C!:!2)

<38! Hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida cjaadp pjnh umjch xamhss j ox|isìcpida bjs

HDI j||jafhkhaps ia gd|ch! Vbh|h HDI j||jafhkhaps bjwh lhha sifah`- pbhiaph|ajpidajm spja`j|` |hzxi|hs pbjp ox|isìcpidas kxsp pjnh jmm sphus ahchssj|ypd l|iaf pbhk iapd gd|ch hruhìpidxsmy!

<37! Kjx|ipixs bjs limjph|jm @PCs ia gd|ch vipb 38 ox|isìcpidas js dg 3: Jxfxsp <5:5! Pbh mjphsp @PCs haph|h` iapd gd|ch mhss pbja j yhj| jgph| bjwiaf lhha sifah`! Pbh @PCs vipb Ljafmj`hsb vjs sifah` ia <559 ja` pbh@PC vipb \xssij ia :998! Ia j`ìpida- pbh gi|sp shwha PIHJs dg Kjx|ipixsbjwh lhha giajmish` vipb Ad|ìc ox|isìcpidas ja` Jxsp|jmij! Pbh Kjx|ipijajxpbd|ipihs iaìcjph` pbjp Kjx|ipixs bjs |jpigih` pbh @PC vipb \xssij ia :996

ja` pbh @PC vipb Ljafmj`hsb ia Kjy <5:5 ja` jvjips |jpigicjpida g|dk ips uj|pah|s!

Lh fiwha hgghcp pb|dxfb `dkhspic mjv "Pd\ C!:!9)

<36! Gd| iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh pd lh hgghcpiwh pbh uj|pihs pd ja HDIj||jafhkhap ahh` pd hajcp jay mhfismjpida ahchssj|y pd cdkumy vipb pbh ph|ksdg pbh j||jafhkhap! Ia Kjx|ipixs- @PCs ja` PIHJs lhcdkh hgghcpiwh dachpbh Kiaisph| dg Giajach issxhs j |hfxmjpida xa`h| shcpida 67 dg pbh IacdkhPjr Jcp- uxlmisbh` ia pbh Fdwh|akhap fjhpph!









Dah @PC mikips hrcbjafh dg

iagd|kjpida pd pbh cj||yiaf dxp dg pbh

u|dwisidas dg pbh Cdawhapida ja` `dhs

adp hrpha` pd pbh j`kiaisp|jpida ja`

hagd|chkhap dg `dkhspic mjvs dg pbh

cdap|jcpiaf spjphs!


iagd|kjpida pd iagd|kjpida jm|hj`y jp

pbh isudsjm dg pjr jxpbd|ipihs!

Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` cdapiaxh pd

ahfdpijph vipb hrispiaf uj|pah|s "d|

pjnh sphus pd hruhìph hap|y iapd gd|ch

dg) ahv hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida

j||jafhkhaps vbh|h pbh hrispiaf

p|hjpihs `d adp khhp pbh iaph|ajpidajm

spja`j|`!

Kdsp dg Kjx|ipixs’s @PCs `d adp

iacmx`h uj|jf|jubs 0 ja` 8 dg J|picmh

<7 dg pbh Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida ia ips

p|hjpihs- lxp Kjx|ipixs bjs iaìcjph`

pbjp ip is |hj`y pd hrcbjafh ljan

iagd|kjpida hwha ia pbh jlshach dg

|hciu|dcipy!

Hrcbjafh dg ljan iagd|kjpida sbdxm`

lh hasx|h` vipb jmm Kjx|ipixs’s

p|hjpy uj|pah|s! Jmpbdxfb Kjx|ipixs

is vimmiaf pd hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida

hwha ia pbh jlshach dg uj|jf|jubs

0 ja` 8 dg J|picmh <7 dg pbh Kd`hm

Pjr Cdawhapida ja` |hciu|dcipy-

Kjx|ipixs is hacdx|jfh` pd xuf|j`h

pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida u|dwisida

pd iacmx`h uj|jf|jubs 0 ja` 8 iaips p|hjpihs- pd shcx|h pbh lhahgip dg

|hciu|dcipy g|dk ips p|hjpy uj|pah|s-

hsuhcijmmy pbdsh ox|isìcpidas pbjp j|h

xajlmh pd `d sd vipbdxp uj|jf|jubs 0

ja` 8 lhiaf hrumicipmy u|dwi`h`!

Ubjsh < \jpiaf


cdkumhph`!


Pbh Kjx|ipija cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy

bjs gjch` ìggicxmpihs ia sdkh cjshs ia

`hciìaf vbhpbh| j |hzxhsp khhps pbh

gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjach spja`j|`!

Kjx|ipixs is hacdx|jfh` pd

cdkkxaicjph zxicnmy vipb ips p|hjpy

uj|pah|s vbha pbh cdkuhphap

jxpbd|ipy is xasx|h pbjp pbh |hchiwh`

|hzxhsp khhps pbh gd|hshhjlmy

|hmhwjach spja`j|`!





C!<! Hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida khcbjaisks vipb jmm |hmhwjap uj|pah|s

<32! Xmpikjphmy- pbh iaph|ajpidajm spja`j|` |hzxi|hs pbjp ox|isìcpidashrcbjafh iagd|kjpida vipb jmm |hmhwjap uj|pah|s- khjaiaf pbdsh uj|pah|s vbd j|hiaph|hsph` ia haph|iaf iapd ja iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh j||jafhkhap! Jf|hhkhapscjaadp lh cdacmx`h` damy vipb cdxaph|uj|pihs vipbdxp hcdadkic sifaigicjach! Ig ip juuhj|s pbjp j ox|isìcpida is |hgxsiaf pd haph| iapd jf|hhkhaps d| ahfdpijpidasvipb uj|pah|s- ia uj|picxmj| dahs pbjp bjwh j |hjsdajlmh hruhcpjpida dg |hzxi|iafiagd|kjpida g|dk pbjp ox|isìcpida ia d|`h| pd u|duh|my j`kiaisph| ja` hagd|chips pjr mjvs ip kjy iaìcjph j mjcn dg cdkkipkhap pd ikumhkhap pbh spja`j|`s!

<39! Kjx|ipixs bjs limjph|jm @PCs sifah` vipb 36 ox|isìcpidas dg vbicb38 j|h ia gd|ch! Pbh dm`hsp p|hjpy is pbjp sifah` vipb Fh|kjay ia :962 ja` pbhkdsp |hchap vipb Ljafmj`hsb ia <559 "shh Jaahr <)! Kjx|ipixs is jmsd jcpiwhmyahfdpijpiaf j axklh| dg ahv p|hjpihs- u|dpdcdms d| PIHJs siach <559- hsuh+cijmmy pd xuf|j`h ips dm`hsp p|hjpihs! Ikud|pjapmy- ahfdpijpidas d| u|dch`x|hs dg sifajpx|h j|h dafdiaf cdach|aiaf pbh HDI j||jafhkhaps vipb Fh|kjay ja`pbh Xaiph` Niaf`dk- vbicb |jish shwh|jm cdach|as ia pbh u|hshap |hud|p!

<05! Kjx|ipixs is jmsd jcpiwhmy shhniaf pd giajmish d| sifa @PCs vipbKjmjvi- Aifh|ij- Wihpajk ja` _jklij! Kjx|ipixs bjs jmsd iaipijmmh` @PCs

vipb Hfyup ja` Nhayj!<0:! Pbh fhdf|jubicjm udsipida dg Kjx|ipixs is chap|jm pd ips hcdadkicjcpiwipihs- jp pbh oxacpida dg shwh|jm cdapiahaps! Kjx|ipixs’s @PCs |hgmhcp pbisfhdf|jubicjm udsipida vbh|h ip bjs @PCs vipb :3 Jsija ox|isìcpidas "iacmx`+iaf Ki``mh Hjsp ox|isìcpidas)- :3 Jg|icja ox|isìcpidas ja` 9 Hx|duhja ox|isìcpidas!

<0<! Kjx|ipixs bjs @PCs ia gd|ch ja` xu pd pbh spja`j|` vipb sdkh dg ips kjia p|jìaf uj|pah|s? G|jach- Ipjmy- Kj`jfjscj| ja` pbh Xaiph` J|jlHki|jphs "hrud|ps)> Iaìj- G|jach- Sdxpb Jg|icj- Cbiaj "ikud|ps)! Kjx|ipixs

bjs ad @PC d| PIHJ vipb pbh Xaiph` Spjphs "pbi|` cdxap|y gd| Kjx|ipijahrud|ps)- vbicb bjwh adp jasvh|h` Kjx|ipixs’s iawipjpida pd duha ahfd+pijpidas! J PIHJ is jvjipiaf sifajpx|h vipb Giamja` "gigpb ox|isìcpida gd| Kjx|ipija ikud|ps)! Kjx|ipixs jmsd bjs @PCs vipb dpbh| giajacijm chap|hssxcb js Lj|lj`ds- Cyu|xs-07 Mxrhkldx|f ja` Siafjud|h!

<03! Gd|hifa ì|hcp iawhspkhaps ia Kjx|ipixs ia <5:5 cdkh kjiamy g|dkips p|jìaf uj|pah|s- js vhmm js Sviph|mja`! Kjx|ipixs iawhspkhaps jl|dj` fdkjiamy pd Iaìj- Sdxpb Jg|icj- Sviph|mja` ja` Kj`jfjscj|!

07! Shh adphs 36 ja` 32!

Pbh ox|isìcpidas’ ahpvd|n dg iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh khcbjaisks sbdxm` cdwh| jmm |hmhwjap

uj|pah|s!





<00! Xapim |hchapmy- Kjx|ipixs’s udmicy vjs pd ahfdpijph @PCs |jpbh| pbja pjr iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh jf|hhkhaps "PIHJs)! Bdvhwh|- j axklh| dg PIHJs bjwh lhha |hchapmy giajmish` "vipb Jxsp|jmij- @hakj|n- Gj|dh Ismja`s-Giamja`- F|hhamja`- Ichmja` ja` Ad|vjy) ja` jvjip sifajpx|h!

<08! Ia j`ìpida- Kjx|ipixs iaìcjphs pbjp ip is u|huj|h` pd cdacmx`h jPIHJ vipb jay ox|isìcpida vipb vbicb j @PC jm|hj`y hrisps! Ahfdpijpidasj|h jm|hj`y xa`h| vjy vipb sdkh dg Kjx|ipixs’s p|hjpy uj|pah|s pd xuf|j`hJ|picmh <7 da hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida!

<07! Giajmmy- ip juuhj|s pbjp Kjx|ipixs bjs ahwh| |hgxsh` pd haph| ja HDIj||jafhkhap!

@hph|kiajpida ja` gjcpd|s xa`h|myiaf |hcdkkha`jpida




Kjx|ipixs is jcpiwhmy ahfdpijpiaf j

axklh| dg ahv p|hjpihs- u|dpdcdms d|

PIHJs "Pjr Iagd|kjpida Hrcbjafh

Jf|hhkhaps) pd xuf|j`h ips dm`hsp

p|hjpihs pbjp `d adp khhp pbh spja`j|`!

Jmpbdxfb Kjx|ipixs bjs j vi`h p|hjpy

ahpvd|n- ip `dhs adp bjwh j @PC vipbsdkh dg ips ikud|pjap p|j`h uj|pah|s!

Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` cdapiaxh pd `hwhmdu

ips HDI ahpvd|n vipb jmm |hmhwjap

uj|pah|s!

Ubjsh < \jpiaf


cdkumhph`!

C!3! Cdagi`hapijmipy

<06! Fdwh|akhaps vdxm` adp hafjfh ia iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh vipbdxp pbhjssx|jach pbjp pbh iagd|kjpida u|dwi`h` vdxm` damy lh xsh` gd| pbh ux|udshs uh|kipph` xa`h| pbh hrcbjafh khcbjaisk ja` pbjp ips cdagi`hapijmipy vdxm` lh u|hsh|wh`! Iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh iasp|xkhaps kxsp pbh|hgd|h cdapjiacdagi`hapijmipy u|dwisidas pbjp suhmm dxp suhcigicjmmy pd vbdk pbh iagd|kjpida

cja lh ìscmdsh` ja` pbh ux|udshs gd| vbicb pbh iagd|kjpida cja lh xsh`!

Pbh ox|isìcpidas’ khcbjaisks gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida sbdxm` bjwh j`hzxjph

u|dwisidas pd hasx|h pbh cdagi`hapijmipy dg iagd|kjpida |hchiwh`!





mjv‛! Kjx|ipixs’s `dkhspic mhfismjpida cdapjias |hmhwjap cdagi`hapijmipy u|dwi+sidas xa`h| shcpida :80 dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp "shh lhmdv)! Pbh cdagi`hapijm+ipy u|dwisidas dg pbh @PCs vipb Fh|kjay- Iaìj- Kjmjysij- ja` pbh Xaiph`Niaf`dk `d adp |hgh| pd pbh cdagi`hapijmipy u|dwisida dg pbh `dkhspic mjvs

dg pbh Cdap|jcpiaf Spjphs! Ia pbh cjsh dg Kjx|ipixs- pbis `dhs adp u|hwhap pbhhagd|chkhap dg pbh cdagi`hapijmipy `xpy siach iagd|kjpida |hchiwh` g|dk uj|p+ah| ox|isìcpidas j|h |hchiwh` da pbh ljsis dg j p|hjpy sifah` ia juumicjpida dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp- ja` pbh|hgd|h pbh dkhspic u|dwisida jsshssh` lhmdv vimmjuumy! Pbis is adahpbhmhss j u|dwisida dg pbh p|hjpihs pbjp vdxm` lhahgip g|dk lhiaf girh` jp pbh dccjsida dg kd|h fhah|jm xuf|jìaf!

Kjx|ipixs mhfismjpida

<8<! Pbh kjiaphajach dg shc|hcy ia pbh Cdap|jcpiaf Spjph |hchiwiaf iagd|+kjpida is j kjpph| dg `dkhspic mjvs "vbhpbh| ip is pbh |hzxhsph` d| pbh |hzxhsp+iaf ox|isìcpida)! Sjacpidas gd| pbh widmjpida dg sxcb shc|hcy ia pbjp Spjph j|hfdwh|ah` ly pbh j`kiaisp|jpiwh ja` uhajm mjvs dg pbjp Spjph! Kjx|ipixs’s`dkhspic mhfismjpida cdapjias |hmhwjap cdagi`hapijmipy u|dwisidas xa`h| shcpida:80 dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp!

<83! Hwh|y dggich| dg pbh K\J is |hzxi|h` pd pjnh ja djpb dg gi`hmipy ja`shc|hcy lhgd|h bh$sbh lhfias pd uh|gd|k bis$bh| `xpihs! Bh$sbh bjs pd kjiapjiaja` ji` ia kjiapjiaiaf pbh cdagi`hapijmipy ja` shc|hcy dg jay kjpph| cdkiafpd bis$bh| nadvmh`fh ia pbh uh|gd|kjach dg bis$bh| `xpihs!

<80! Ia u|iaciumh- ad dggich| cja cdkkxaicjph pd jay uh|sda jay kjpph| |hmjpiaf pd pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp! Pbh mjv misps hrchupidas pd pbis `xpy? iagd|+kjpida cja lh ìscmdsh` gd| pbh ux|udsh dg pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp ja` dpbh| pjrmjvs- js vhmm js gd| pbh ux|udsh dg pbh U|hwhapida dg Cd||xupida Jcp ja` pbh@jafh|dxs @|xf Jcp! Ia j`ìpida- ja dggich| cja ìscmdsh cdagi`hapijm iagd|+kjpida vbha bh$sbh is jxpbd|ish` pd `d sd ly pbh Kiaisph|! Pbhy cja jmsdìscmdsh iagd|kjpida pd cdx|ps gd| pjr ux|udshs! Giajmmy- dggich|s cja ìscmdshpd pbh pjrujyh| iagd|kjpida |hmjpiaf pd bik$bh|!

<88! Pbh uhajmpihs gd| l|hjcb dg pbh `xpy dg cdagi`hapijmipy juuhj| ìs+sxjsiwh! Pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp kjnhs ip ja dgghach pd cdap|jwhah pbh shc|hcy u|dwisidas ia shcpida :80! Da cdawicpida- pbh uh|sda is mijlmh pd j giah adphrchhìaf KX\ 8 555 "HX\ :<8) ja` pd iku|isdakhap gd| j ph|k adphrchhìaf < yhj|s! Ia u|jcpich ad sxcb sjacpida bjs lhha juumih` sd gj|!

<87! Pbh Kjx|ipixs \hwhaxh Jxpbd|ipy Jcp jmsd cdapjias j cdagi`hapijmipydlmifjpida da pbh K\J hkumdyhhs da jay kjpph| |hmjpiaf pd pbis Jcp- vbicbcdkh pd pbhi| nadvmh`fh!





<86! Shcpida 67"8) jmmdvs ìscmdsx|h ly pbh @i|hcpd|+Fhah|jm dg cdagi`ha+pijm iagd|kjpida |hzxi|h` pd lh ìscmdsh` ly j @PC d| j PIHJ!02

<82! Pbh U|dch`x|h Kjaxjm da Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida |hkia`s pjr

dggich|s dg pbhi| cdagi`hapijmipy `xpy xa`h| shcpida :80 ja` dg pbh hrchupidaia shcpida 67 gd| jasvh|iaf |hzxhsps ljsh` da j @PC d| PIHJ! Pbh Kjaxjmjmsd |hkia`s dggich|s pd iash|p j cmjxsh ia pbh HDI mhpph| pd pbh hgghcp pbjp pbhiagd|kjpida hrcbjafh` sbdxm lh xsh` damy gd| pbh ux|udshs jxpbd|ish` ia pbhp|hjpy ia zxhspida! Da pbh cdap|j|y- pbh Kjaxjm `dhs adp |hkia` pjr dggich|spbjp jmm iagd|kjpida |hchiwh` g|dk j p|hjpy uj|pah| sbdxm` lh cdasi`h|h` jscdagi`hapijm ia pbh sjkh kjaah| js iagd|kjpida dlpjiah` xa`h| pbh Kjx|ipijamjv! Ip `dhs adp hipbh| `|jv pbhi| jpphapida pd pbh gjcp pbjp pbis iagd|kjpidacjaadp lh xsh` gd| dpbh| ux|udshs pbja pbh ikumhkhapjpida dg pbh p|hjpy d| `dkhspic pjr mjv "h!f! adp gd| pbh ux|udsh dg pbh U|hwhapida dg Cd||xupida Jcp

ja` pbh @jafh|dxs @|xf Jcp)!

<89! Ia u|jcpich- pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs iaìcjph pbjp pbh|h bjwh adp lhhajay cjshs vbh|h iagd|kjpida |hchiwh` ly pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy g|dk jaHDI uj|pah| bjs lhha kj`h uxlmic dpbh| pbja ia jccd|`jach vipb pbh ph|ksxa`h| vbicb ip vjs u|dwi`h`! Kjx|ipixs’s p|hjpy uj|pah|s bjwh adp |jish` jaycdach|as hipbh|!

Jmm dpbh| iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh` "Pd\ C!3!<)

<75! Cdagi`hapijmipy |xmhs sbdxm` juumy pd jmm pyuhs dg iagd|kjpidahrcbjafh`- iacmxìaf iagd|kjpida u|dwi`h` ia j |hzxhsp- iagd|kjpida p|jas+kipph` ia |hsudash pd j |hzxhsp ja` jay ljcnf|dxa` `dcxkhaps pd sxcb|hzxhsps! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs cdagi|kh` pbjp ia u|jcpich pbhy cda+si`h| js cdagi`hapijm jmm pyuhs dg iagd|kjpida hrcbjafh`- hwha pbdxfb pbhU|dch`x|h Kjaxjm da Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida `dhs adp |hkia` pjr dggich|sia cbj|fh dg hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida pbjp pbh iagd|kjpida pbhy |hchiwh` g|dkj p|hjpy uj|pah| sbdxm` lh p|hjph` js cdagi`hapijm!

02! ”Vbh|h ja j||jafhkhap is kj`h gd| |hmihg g|dk `dxlmh pjrjpida ja` gd| pbh

hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida[- pbh dlmifjpidas js pd shc|hcy ikudsh` xa`h| shcpida

:80 sbjmm adp u|hwhap pbh @i|hcpd|+Fhah|jm g|dk ìscmdsiaf pd ja dggich| jxpbd|+

ish` ly pbh fdwh|akhap vipb vbicb pbh j||jafhkhap is kj`h sxcb iagd|kjpida js

is |hzxi|h` pd lh ìscmdsh` xa`h| pbh j||jafhkhap!‛





C!8! Pikhmiahss dg |hsudashs pd |hzxhsps gd| iagd|kjpida

\hsudashs vipbia 95 `jys "Pd\ C!8!:)

<73! Ia d|`h| gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida pd lh hgghcpiwh ip ahh`s pd lh u|dwi`h` ia j pikhg|jkh pbjp jmmdvs pjr jxpbd|ipihs pd juumy pbh iagd|kjpida pdpbh |hmhwjap cjshs! Ig j |hsudash is u|dwi`h` lxp damy jgph| j sifaigicjap mjushdg pikh- pbh iagd|kjpida kjy ad mdafh| lh dg xsh pd pbh |hzxhspiaf jxpbd|i+pihs! Pbis is uj|picxmj|my ikud|pjap ia pbh cdaphrp dg iaph|ajpidajm cdduh|jpidajs cjshs ia pbis j|hj kxsp lh dg sxggicihap ikud|pjach pd vj||jap kjniaf j|hzxhsp!

<70! Adpbiaf ia Kjx|ipixs’s mjv u|hwhaps pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs pd|hsuda` pd HDI |hzxhsps vipbia 95 `jys dg |hchiup ly u|dwiìaf pbh iagd|kj+pida |hzxhsph` d| ja xu`jph da pbh spjpxs dg pbh |hzxhsp!

<78! Ia u|jcpich- Kjx|ipixs iaìcjphs pbjp dwh| pbh mjsp 3 yhj|s- 2:( dg pbhi| |humihs pd HDI |hzxhsps bjwh lhha kj`h vipbia 95 `jys "86( vipbia 35 `jys)ja` 8( bjwh lhha shap jgph| kd|h pbja j yhj|! Pbh gjsphsp |humy vjs u|dwi`h`vipbia 3 `jys ja` pbh mdafhsp jgph| j yhj| ja` 0 kdapbs! Da pbh dpbh| bja`dah |hzxhsp is uhaìaf- gd| :9 kdapbs- vipb dah dg ips kjia p|hjpy uj|pah|s!Ia j`ìpida- dah dg Kjx|ipixs’s p|hjpy uj|pah|s bjs iaìcjph` pbjp kjay dg

ips |hzxhsps j|h damy uj|pijmmy jasvh|h` ja` pbjp kxcb iagd|kjpida is spimmjvjiph`! Pbh Kjx|ipija cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy iaìcjphs pbjp pbh mjsp jssh|pidais `xh pd j u|dlmhk dg cdkkxaicjpida lhpvhha pbh pvd ox|isìcpidas- ja`pbjp kdsp iagd|kjpida jmmhfh`my kissiaf bjs lhha shap ly Kjx|ipixs lxp adp|hchiwh` ly ips uj|pah|! Pbh pvd jxpbd|ipihs j|h vd|niaf da pbis issxh jp pbhpikh dg `|jgpiaf pbis |hud|p!

<77! Uj|pah| ox|isìcpidas iaìcjph pbjp Kjx|ipixs sdkhpikhs u|dwi`hs jspjpxs |hud|p vipbia 95 `jys vbha pbh iagd|kjpida is adp sxlkipph`- lxp adpsysphkjpicjmmy! Ja ikud|pjap uj|pah| jmsd adph` pbjp |hkia`h|s bjwh lhha

shap gd| sdkh cjshs! Kjx|ipixs |hchapmy pddn sphus pd habjach ips cdkkx+aicjpida vipb p|hjpy uj|pah|s "shh lhmdv shcpida da d|fjaisjpidajm u|dchss)!Ia j`ìpida- ja Iaìja pjr jppjcbé jcpiaf js j mijisda dggich| vjs udsph` jppbh Hkljssy dg Iaìj ia Kjx|ipixs ia Oxah <5:5! Pbis sbdxm` habjach cdk+kxaicjpida lhpvhha pbh K\J ja` ips kjia p|hjpy uj|pah| ja` pbh wdmxkh dg hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida!

<76! Pbh kdsp ikud|pjap gjcpd| ikujcpiaf da pbh pikhmiahss dg pbh|hsudash is hsshapijmmy vbhpbh| pbh K\J jm|hj`y bjs pbh |hzxhsph` iagd|kj+pida ia ips gimhs d| adp! Vbha pbh iagd|kjpida is ia pbh K\J gimhs- ip is shap

vipbia 95 `jys kdsp dg pbh pikh! Ip is hruhcph` pbjp vipb pbh ahv uh|gd|kjach

Pbh ox|isìcpida sbdxm` u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida xa`h| ips ahpvd|n dg jf|hhkhaps ia j pikhmy

kjaah|!





pj|fhps shp ia pbh Xaip "shh lhmdv)- jmm sxcb iagd|kjpida vimm lh u|dwi`h` ia jkd|h pikhmy kjaah|!

<72! Vbha pbh iagd|kjpida is adp ia pbh K\J gimhs- pbh K\J shhns pbh

iagd|kjpida g|dk pbh uh|sda cdach|ah` ly pbh |hzxhsp d| j pbi|` uj|py! Fiwhapbjp iagd|kjpida cja adv lh hrcbjafh` da FLC<s- pbh kjia pbi|` uj|pyiaph|mdcxpd| dg pbh K\J vimm lh pbh GSC- vbicb is pbh sdmh hapipy jxpbd|ish`pd cdmmhcp iagd|kjpida da FLC<s! Pbh jsshsskhap phjk bjs lhha jssx|h` pbjpvipb pbh sifaiaf dg pbh KdX lhpvhha pbh pvd jxpbd|ipihs ja` pbh jvj|hahss|jisiaf jcpiwipihs pbjp sx||dxa`h` pbh sifajpx|h- `hmjys vimm lh |h`xch`! Pbissbdxm` lh gdmmdvh`+xu cj|hgxmmy siach |hzxhsps da FLC<s bjwh lhha |hchiwh` ly Kjx|ipixs dwh| pbh mjsp pb|hh yhj|s!

<79! Ja xach|pjiapy |hmjphs pd pbh pikh ahh`h` pd jcchss ljan iagd|kjpidavbha pbh uh|sda cdach|ah` ly pbh |hzxhsp |hgxshs pd ìscmdsh pbh iagd|kj+pida pd pbh K\J! Jmpbdxfb Kjx|ipixs is cdagi`hap pbjp sxcb iagd|kjpida vimm lh hrcbjafh` ia j pikhmy kjaah|- pbh K\J bjs adp yhp phsph` ips dupidas pdfjpbh| iagd|kjpida vipb ljans ì|hcpmy "d| pb|dxfb j ox`fh)!

\hsdx|chs ja` D|fjaisjpidajm u|dchss "Pd\ C!8!<)

<65! Kjx|ipixs’s @PCs iaìcjph pbjp pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy gd| pbhhrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida gd| pjr ux|udshs is pbh Kiaisph| dg Giajach d| bis jxpbd|ish` |hu|hshapjpiwh- pbh @i|hcpd|+Fhah|jm dg Iamja` \hwhaxh$

Cdkkissidah| dg Iacdkh Pjr- d| ldpb! Kjx|ipixs’s jxpbd|ipihs hrumjiah` pbjppbh Kiaisph| is `hsifajph` js cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy ia pbdsh p|hjpihs vbh|hpbhi| p|hjpy uj|pah|s bj` u|dudsh` pbhi| Kiaisph| js cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy – pdhasx|h uj|ipy ia spjpxs! Ia dpbh| p|hjpihs- pbh Cdkkissidah| dg Iacdkh Pjr"adv |humjch` ly pbh @i|hcpd| Fhah|jm dg pbh Kjx|ipixs \hwhaxh Jxpbd|ipy)is pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy!

<6:! Pbh|h is j `hmhfjpida dg udvh| ly pbh Kiaisph| pd pbh @i|hcpd| Fhah|jmja` ia px|a pd pbh @i|hcpd| dg pbh Mj|fh Pjrujyh|s @huj|pkhap pd `hjm vipbp|hjpy kjpph|s! Ia u|jcpich- vbha pbh Kiaisph| |hchiwhs HDI |hzxhsps g|dkp|hjpy uj|pah|s- bh |hgh|s pbhk pd pbh @i|hcpd| Fhah|jm gd| ahchssj|y jcpida!Ia px|a- pbh @i|hcpd| Fhah|jm |hgh|s pbh |hzxhsps pd pbh @i|hcpd| dg pbh Mj|fhPjrujyh|s @huj|pkhap- vbd jcps js cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy gd| jasvh|iaf|hzxhsps!

<6<! Pbh vhlsiph dg pbh K\J cmhj|my i`hapigihs pbh @i|hcpd| dg pbh Mj|fhPjrujyh|s @huj|pkhap js pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy pd cdapjcp gd| HDI ux|+

udshs- ja` u|dwi`hs bis gxmm cdapjcp `hpjims? vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$k|j$`pj!bpk!85

85! Jmm p|hjpihs ia gd|ch ja` pbh misp dg ahfdpijph` p|hjpihs j|h jmsd jwjimjlmh da pbh

sjkh vhlujfh





\hsdx|chs

<63! Xapim gdx| yhj|s jfd- kdsp dg pbh HDI jcpiwipy |hmih` da pbh l|dj`nadvmh`fh dg j siafmh uh|sda? pbh Iacdkh Pjr Cdkkissidah|! Bh ì|hcpmy

bja`mh` jmm |hzxhsps gd| pbh u|hwidxs :: yhj|s ja` is Kjx|ipixs’s mhj` ahfd+pijpd| gd| pjr p|hjpihs! Bh jmsd |hu|hshaps Kjx|ipixs jp pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk- pbhDHC@ ja` dpbh| iaph|ajpidajm gd|xks `hjmiaf vipb pjr kjpph|s!

<60! Kjx|ipixs’s pjr j`kiaisp|jpida vjs |hsp|xcpx|h` ja` |humjch` vipb pbhK\J ia <557! Pbh Iaph|ajpidajm Pjrjpida Xaip vjs pbha shp xu pd `hjm vipbiaph|ajpidajm pjr issxhs- iacmxìaf jasvh|iaf HDI |hzxhsps g|dk p|hjpy uj|p+ah|s- issxiaf pjr |hsi`hach ch|pigicjphs ja` `hjmiaf vipb gd|hifah|s ada pjr+|hsi`hap ia Kjx|ipixs! Ip is mdcjph` vipbia pbh Mj|fh Pjrujyh|s @huj|pkhapgd| cdapiaxipy |hjsdas siach pbh @huj|pkhap is bhj`h` ly pbh gd|kh| Iacdkh

Pjr Cdkkissidah|!<68! Siach pbh c|hjpida dg pbh Iaph|ajpidajm Pjrjpida Xaip Kjx|ipixs|hchiwh` HDI |hzxhsps g|dk aiah p|hjpy uj|pah|s! Ip |hchiwh` 2: |hzxhsps ia<557- 38 |hzxhsps ia <556- <3 |hzxhsps ia <552- :< |hzxhsps ia <559 ja` 09 ia<5:5 "adp gxmm yhj|)! Ip is hruhcph` pbjp Kjx|ipixs vimm |hchiwh kd|h |hzxhspsadv pbjp hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida da FLC<s is udssilmh ja` pbh udssilimipygd| Kjx|ipixs pd hrcbjafh ljan iagd|kjpida bjs lhha cmj|igih`! Ip is pbh|hgd|hc|xcijm pbjp pbh Iaph|ajpidajm Pjrjpida Xaip `hjmiaf vipb HDI |hzxhsps isjuu|du|ijphmy spjggh`!

<67! Pbh Iaph|ajpidajm Pjrjpida Xaip is spjggh` vipb pvd phcbaicjm dggich|sja` j sxuud|p dggich|- vbd |hud|p pd pbhi| phjk mhj`h| "vbd jmsd sxuh|wishs jajxìp ja` hrjkiajpida phjk)- vbd ia px|a |hud|ps pd j shcpida bhj`! Pbh giajmjuu|dwjm gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida is fiwha ly pbh @i|hcpd| vbd uh|sdajmmysifas pbh HDI mhpph|! Pbh spjgg bjs lhha spjlmh siach ips c|hjpida ja` gdmmdvh`j cdx|sh da cx||hap issxhs ia Iaph|ajpidajm Pjrjpida ly ILG@ Iaph|ajpidajmPjr Jcj`hky cda`xcph` ly gd|hifa |hsdx|ch uh|sdas! Pbhy jmsd bj` j cdx|shda iaph|u|hpjpida ja` juumicjpida dg Pjr P|hjpihs ly pbh @i|hcpd| dg pbh Mj|fhPjrujyh|s @huj|pkhap! Kd|hdwh|- pbh dggich|s |hchiwh cdaspjap da+pbh+odlp|jiaiaf g|dk pbh @i|hcpd|! Gd| hjcb |hzxhsp |hchiwh`- pbh @i|hcpd| is jmvjys

cdasxmph` gd| bis iasp|xcpidas ja` j`wich! Pbh jsshsskhap phjk khp vipb`hìcjph` u|dghssidajms- cdascidxs dg pbh ikud|pjach dg hrcbjafh dg iagd|kj+pida gd| Kjx|ipixs’s |huxpjpida js j sdxa` giajacijm chap|h!8:

<66! Pbh u|dchss pd jasvh| HDI |hzxhsps is lhiaf |jpidajmish` ja` gd|+kjmish` ia Kjx|ipixs- adpjlmy vipb pbh j`dupida dg j U|dch`x|h Kjaxjm da

8:! Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs iaìcjph pbjp ia pbh hwhap pbh u|hshap spjgg jp pbh

Iaph|ajpidajm Pjrjpida Xaip is xajlmh pd cduh vipb jay iac|hjsh` vd|nmdj`- dpbh|

hruh|ihach` dggich|s g|dk pbh Mj|fh Pjrujyh|s @huj|pkhap `hjmiaf vipb jxìps

ja` |hujykhaps kjy lh |h`humdyh` pd pbjp Xaip!





Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida ia Ojaxj|y <5:5! Pbh kjaxjm- vbicb is zxiph sxc+ciacp- is ljsh` da pbh u|jcpich dg pbh Xaip ja` sbdxm` lh `hwhmduh` js u|jcpich`hwhmdus dwh| pikh "j gi|sp xu`jph pddn umjch ia Jxfxsp <5:5- gdmmdviaf pbhda+siph wisip)! Jadpbh| jsuhcp dg pbis |jpidajmisjpida is pbh jldwh+khapidah`

sifajpx|h dg KdXs gd| hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida ux|udshs vipb pbh |hmhwjap uxlmic jxpbd|ipihs dg Kjx|ipixs "Ljan dg Kjx|ipixs- \hfisp|j|- GSC ja` GIX)!Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` cdapiaxh ia pbis vjy!

D|fjaisjpidajm u|dchss

<62! Pbh U|dch`x|h Kjaxjm da Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida shps pbh iaph|ajmkjajfhkhap dg |hzxhsp! Pbh Iaph|ajpidajm Pjrjpida Xaip kjiapjias j |hfisph| vbh|h- ia |hsuhcp dg hjcb HDI |hzxhsp- j|h |hcd|`h`? "i) pbh `jph dg pbh |hzxhsp>"ii) pbh ajkh dg pbh p|hjpy uj|pah|> "iii) gxmm `hpjims dg pbh hapipy cdach|ah`>ja` "iw) pbh `jph dg pbh |humy! Ia j`ìpida- shuj|jph gimhs j|h nhup gd| hjcbp|hjpy uj|pah| vipb vbicb Kjx|ipixs bjs ja HDI jcpiwipy! Ja ia`hr is jppjcbhìa hjcb dg pbhsh gimhs- vbicb sbdvs jmm pbh cd||hsuda`hachs pbjp bjwh lhhahrcbjafh` ia |hmjpida pd j uj|picxmj| |hzxhsp! Iagd|kjpida is jmsd |hcd|`h` iapbh pjr gimh dg pbh uh|sda cdach|ah` ly pbh |hzxhsp "Kjx|ipixs pjrujyh|s `dadp bjwh jcchss pd pbhi| gimhs)!8<

<69! Pbh Kjaxjm shps pbh gdmmdviaf `hj`miahs?

Ig iagd|kjpida is adp jwjimjlmh ia pjr gimhs- j mhpph| jcnadvmh`fiaf

|hchiup dg pbh |hzxhsp ja` iagd|kiaf da ips spjpxs sbdxm` lh shapvipbia 6 `jys>

Iagd|kjpida jm|hj`y ia pbh bja`s dg pbh K\J sbdxm` lh hrcbjafh`vipbia :8 `jys>83

Iagd|kjpida kjiapjiah` ly jadpbh| uxlmic jxpbd|ipy sbdxm` lh sxl+kipph` vipbia :8 `jys>

Iagd|kjpida |hzxhsph` g|dk pjrujyh|s sbdxm` lh sxlkipph` vipbia<: `jys>

Iagd|kjpida |hzxhsph` g|dk pbi|` uj|pihs sbdxm` lh sxlkipph` vipbia<: `jys>

8<! Juj|p g|dk pbh |hfisph|- j kdapbmy |hud|p da pbh spjpxs dg pbh HDI cjshs vipb hjcb

p|hjpy uj|pah| is sxlkipph` pd pbh Kiaisp|y dg Giajach- pbh Kiaisp|y dg Gd|hifa

Jggji|s ja` pbh GSC!

83! Ia j`ìpida- gd| pbh gi|sp pikh ia <5:5- uh|gd|kjach pj|fhps dg pbh K\J Mj|fh

Pjrujyh|s @huj|pkhap iacmx`h uh|gd|kjach iaìcjpd|s gd| pbh Xaip- pd hasx|h

u|dkup ja` hgghcpiwh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida vipb Kjx|ipixs’ p|hjpy uj|pah|s!

Pbh `hj`miahs dg pbh gi|sp pvd lxmmhps j|h |hiph|jph` ia pbh pj|fhps!




SXKKJ\Y DG @HPH\KIAJPIDAS JA@ GJCPD\S XA@H\MYIAF \HCDKKHA@JPIDAS – 28

Sxkkj|y dg @hph|kiajpidas80 ja` Gjcpd|sXa`h|myiaf \hcdkkha`jpidas

@hph|kiajpida$|jpiaf

Gjcpd|s xa`h|myiaf

|hcdkkha`jpidas \hcdkkha`jpidas

Ox|isìcpidas sbdxm` hasx|h pbjp dvah|sbiu ja` i`hapipy iagd|kjpida gd| jmm |hmhwjap hapipihs

ja` j||jafhkhaps is jwjimjlmh pd pbhi| cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipihs! "Pd\ J!:)

Ubjsh :

`hph|kiajpida?

Pbh hmhkhap is ia

umjch- lxp ch|pjia

jsuhcps dg pbh mhfjm

ikumhkhapjpida dg

pbh hmhkhap ahh`

iku|dwhkhap

Pbh|h j|h ad dlmifjpidas

pd kjiapjia dvah|sbiu ja`

i`hapipy iagd|kjpida ia cjsh dg

adkiahh sbj|hbdmìaf- hrchup

gd| uxlmic cdkujaihs ja`

FLCs!

Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` hspjlmisb j

|hzxi|hkhap pbjp iagd|kjpida

is kjiapjiah` iaìcjpiaf pbh

uh|sda da vbdsh lhbjmg jay

mhfjm dvah| bdm`s bis iaph|hsp

d| sbj|hs ia jay cdkujay d|

ld`y cd|ud|jph!

Ad i`hapipy iagd|kjpida isjwjimjlmh da ada+|hsi`hap

gd|hifa p|xsps j`kiaisph|h`

ia Kjx|ipixs d| ia |hsuhcp dg

vbicb j p|xsphh is |hsi`hap ia

Kjx|ipixs- vbh|h pbhsh j|h adp

kjajfhkhap cdkujaihs!

Ja dlmifjpida sbdxm` lhhspjlmisbh` gd| jmm p|xsphhs

ja` j`kiaisp|jpd|s |hsi`hap

ia Kjx|ipixs pd kjiapjia

iagd|kjpida da pbh shppmd|-

p|xsphhs ja` lhahgicij|ihs dg

pbhi| p|xsps

Ubjsh < |jpiaf? Pd lh

giajmish` js sdda js j

|hu|hshapjpiwh sxlshp

dg Ubjsh < |hwihvs iscdkumhph`!

Kjx|ipixs bjs ad hagd|chkhap

hruh|ihach vbh|h u|dwisidas

da pbh jwjimjlimipy dg

iagd|kjpida j|h |hchap!

Hagd|chkhap dg pbh mhfjm

u|dwisidas da pbh jwjimjlimipy

dg dvah|sbiu ja` jccdxapiaf

iagd|kjpida ia pbh fmdljmlxsiahss shcpd| sbdxm` lh

kdaipd|h`!

80! Pbh |jpiafs vimm lh giajmish` js sdda js j |hu|hshapjpiwh sxlshp dg Ubjsh < |hwihvs is

cdkumhph`!




27 – SXKKJ\Y DG @HPH\KIAJPIDAS JA@ GJCPD\S XA@H\MYIAF \HCDKKHA@JPIDAS


Gjcpd|s xa`h|myiaf


Ox|isìcpidas sbdxm` hasx|h pbjp |hmijlmh jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s j|h nhup gd| jmm |hmhwjap hapipihs

ja` j||jafhkhaps! "Pd\ J!<)Ubjsh :

`hph|kiajpida? Pbh

hmhkhap is adp ia

umjch!

J FLC< nhhus sxcb

jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s pbjp ips

ì|hcpd|s cdasi`h| ahchssj|y

d| `hsi|jlmh ia d|`h| pd

|hgmhcp pbh giajacijm udsipida

dg pbh cdkujay! Ia j`ìpida-

FLC<s vimm adv lh |hzxi|h`

pd u|huj|h jaaxjm giajacijm

sxkkj|ihs- lxp pbhsh vimm

adp hrumjia jmm p|jasjcpidas dg pbh cdkujayja` pbh|h is ad

dlmifjpida pd nhhu xa`h|myiaf

`dcxkhapjpida!

FLC<s sbdxm` lh |hzxi|h` pd

kjiapjia jccdxapiaf |hcd|`s

ja` xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida

pd pbh spja`j|`!

Xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida is

adp hrumicipmy |hzxi|h` pd lh

nhup gd| p|xsps ja` sdciépés `h

uh|sdaahs!

Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` hasx|h

pbjp jmm |hmhwjap hapipihs ja`

j||jafhkhaps kjiapjia

xa`h|myiaf `dcxkhapjpida!



|hu|hshapjpiwh sxlshpdg Ubjsh < |hwihvs is

cdkumhph`!

Ljaniaf iagd|kjpida sbdxm` lh jwjimjlmh gd| jmm jccdxap+bdm`h|s! "Pd\ J!3)

Ubjsh :

`hph|kiajpida? Pbh

hmhkhap is ia umjch!




cdkumhph`!






Gjcpd|s xa`h|myiaf


Cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipihs sbdxm` bjwh pbh udvh| pd dlpjia ja` u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida pbjp is pbh

sxlohcp dg j |hzxhsp xa`h| ja hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida j||jafhkhap g|dk jay uh|sda vipbiapbhi| ph||ipd|ijm ox|isìcpida vbd is ia udsshssida d| cdap|dm dg sxcb iagd|kjpida "i||hsuhcpiwh

dg jay mhfjm dlmifjpida da sxcb uh|sda pd kjiapjia pbh shc|hcy dg pbh iagd|kjpida)! "Pd\ L!:)

Ubjsh :

`hph|kiajpida? Pbh





cdkumhph`!

Kjx|ipixs bjs pbh mhfjm

g|jkhvd|n ia umjch pd

jcchss iagd|kjpida- iacmxìaf

cdkuxmsd|y udvh|s- lxp bjs

ahwh| hrh|cish` ips cdkuxmsd|yudvh|s ia u|jcpich- ja` pbhi|

hgghcpiwhahss cjaadp lh

jsshssh`!

Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` hrh|cish

ips udvh|s pd cdkuhm

iagd|kjpida ja` sjacpida

gjimx|h pd u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida

vbhahwh| juu|du|ijph! Pbhikumhkhapjpida dg pbhsh

udvh|s ia u|jcpich sbdxm` lh

kdaipd|h` ly Kjx|ipixs!

Kjx|ipixs bjs pbh mhfjm

g|jkhvd|n ia umjch pd dlpjia

iagd|kjpida ì|hcpmy g|dk ljans

lxp bjs ahwh| hrh|cish` ips

udvh|s ia u|jcpich- ja` pbh

hgghcpiwhahss dg pbhsh udvh|s

cjaadp lh jsshssh`!

Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` hrh|cish

ips udvh|s pd dlpjia ljan

iagd|kjpida i|hcpmy g|dk

pbh ljan ia jmm cjshs vbh|h

sxcb iagd|kjpida is adp

dlpjiah` g|dk pbh jccdxap+

bdm`h|! Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` jmsdcdapiaxh ips hggd|ps pd hasx|h

pbjp jmm spjnhbdm`h|s j|h

gxmmy jvj|h dg pbh cdkuhphap

jxpbd|ipy’s udvh|s pd dlpjia

sxcb iagd|kjpida ja` dg pbh

u|dch`x|h ja` pikhmiahs pd lh

j`duph` ia sxcb cjshs!

Pbh Kjx|ipija jxpbd|ipihs bjwh

adp jcchssh` ja` hrcbjafh`

jccdxapiaf iagd|kjpida ia|hmjpida pd j cx||hap yhj|-

`hsuiph pbh jlshach dg mhfjm

ikuhìkhap pd `d sd!

Pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy

sbdxm` ikumhkhap ia u|jcpich

pbh jssx|jach pbhy bjwh fiwhapd pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk pd dlpjia

ja` hrcbjafh gd|hshhjlmy

|hmhwjap jccdxapiaf `jpj- hwha

uj|pijm `jpj- da j cx||hap ljsis!






Gjcpd|s xa`h|myiaf


Hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida khcbjaisks sbdxm` jmmdv gd| hgghcpiwh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida!

"Pd\ C!:)

Ubjsh :

`hph|kiajpida? Pbh



iagd|kjpida pd pbh cj||yiaf

dxp dg pbh u|dwisidas dg pbh

Cdawhapida ja` `dhs adp

hrpha` pd pbh j`kiaisp|jpida

ja` hagd|chkhap dg `dkhspic

mjvs dg pbh cdap|jcpiaf spjphs!


iagd|kjpida pd iagd|kjpida

jm|hj`y jp pbh ìsudsjm dg pjrjxpbd|ipihs!

Kjx|ipixs sbdxm` cdapiaxh

pd ahfdpijph vipb hrispiaf

uj|pah|s "d| pjnh sphus pd

hruhìph hap|y iapd gd|ch dg)

ahv hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida

j||jafhkhaps vbh|h pbh

hrispiaf p|hjpihs `d adp khhp

pbh iaph|ajpidajm spja`j|`!

Kdsp dg Kjx|ipixs’s @PCs `d

adp iacmx`h uj|jf|jubs 0 ja`

8 dg J|picmh <7 dg pbh Kd`hm

Pjr Cdawhapida ia ips p|hjpihs-

lxp Kjx|ipixs bjs iaìcjph`

pbjp ip is |hj`y pd hrcbjafh

ljan iagd|kjpida hwha ia pbh

jlshach dg |hciu|dcipy!

Hrcbjafh dg ljan iagd|kjpida

sbdxm` lh hasx|h` vipb jmm

Kjx|ipixs’s p|hjpy uj|pah|s!

Jmpbdxfb Kjx|ipixs is vimmiaf

pd hrcbjafh iagd|kjpida hwha

ia pbh jlshach dg uj|jf|jubs

0 ja` 8 dg J|picmh <7 dg pbh

Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida ja`

|hciu|dcipy- Kjx|ipixs ishacdx|jfh` pd xuf|j`h pbh

hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida

u|dwisida pd iacmx`h

uj|jf|jubs 0 ja` 8 ia ips

p|hjpihs- pd shcx|h pbh lhahgip

dg |hciu|dcipy g|dk ips p|hjpy

uj|pah|s- hsuhcijmmy pbdsh

ox|isìcpidas pbjp j|h xajlmh

pd `d sd vipbdxp uj|jf|jubs 0

ja` 8 lhiaf hrumicipmy u|dwi`h`!





cdkumhph`!

Pbh Kjx|ipija cdkuhphap

jxpbd|ipy bjs gjch` ìggicxmpihs

ia sdkh cjshs ia `hciìaf

vbhpbh| j |hzxhsp khhps

pbh gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjach

spja`j|`!

Kjx|ipixs is hacdx|jfh` pd

cdkkxaicjph zxicnmy vipb

ips p|hjpy uj|pah|s vbha

pbh cdkuhphap jxpbd|ipy is

xasx|h pbjp pbh |hchiwh`

|hzxhsp khhps pbh gd|hshhjlmy

|hmhwjach spja`j|`!




JAAHRHS – 98

p|jasjcpidas! ”Uh|sda‛ is `hgiah` ia pbh Jcp ja` iacmx`hs j p|xsp!”Ld`y dg uh|sdas‛ pdd is `hgiah` ja` khjas jay ld`y cd|ud|jphd| xaiacd|ud|jph! Ip is dx| iaph|u|hpjpida pbjp p|xsps js vhmm js sdcihpés j|h |hzxi|h` ly pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp pd nhhu xa`h|myiaf

|hcd|`s dg jmm pbhi| p|jasjcpidas! Ia u|jcpich pdd- pbhsh hapipihs `d u|d`xch sxcb |hcd|`s- vbhahwh| |hzxi|h` ly pbh K\J!

"iii) Pd\ L!: da jcchss udvh|s

Ikumhkhapjpida dg cdkuxmsd|y udvh|s

Da pbh ljsis dg pbh mhfjm g|jkhvd|n- pbh K\J bjs jmvjys lhhaxsiaf ips udvh|s pd fhp iagd|kjpida gd| hrcbjafh ux|udshs!

Js adph` ia pbh |hud|p- ig pbh|h is ad sjacpida d| vh ì` adp bjwh

|hcdx|sh pd pbh Cdx|p- ip is sikumy lhcjxsh pbh uh|sdas iawdmwh`bjwh cdkumih` vipb dx| |hzxhsp gd| iagd|kjpida!

Vh cdagi|k pbjp vh vimm hrh|cish dx| udvh|s pd cdkuhm iagd|+kjpida ja` sjacpida gjimx|h pd u|dwi`h iagd|kjpida vbhahwh| juu|du|ijph!

Js |hfj|`s iagd|kjpida |hmjpiaf pd cx||hap yhj|- vh cdagi|k pbjpvh bjwh ad u|dlmhk pd hrcbjafh sxcb iagd|kjpida!

U|id| adpigicjpida

Pbh|h is ad |hzxi|hkhap ia pbh Iacdkh Pjr Jcp gd| xs pd adpigy j uh|sda jldxp iagd|kjpida lhiaf sdxfbp ly j p|hjpy uj|pah|- xamhssvh ahh` pbh iagd|kjpida g|dk pbjp uh|sda bikshmg! Ia jay cjsh-vh `d pjnh iapd jccdxap pbh sxffhspida dg pbh p|hjpy uj|pah| vbhashhniaf iagd|kjpida g|dk pbi|` uj|pihs!

Vh j|h cdasi`h|iaf jkhaìaf pbh U|dch`x|h Kjaxjm pd iacd|ud+|jph j ahv uj|jf|jub da pbis udiap!

"iw) Pd\ C!: da HDI khcbjaisks

Xu`jph dg hrispiaf @PC’s

Pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida j|picmh ia kjay dg dx| @PC’s-iacmxìaf pbh < |hgh||h` pd ia pbh |hud|p- bjwh lhha xuf|j`h` iamiah vipb pbh spja`j|`! Vh vimm adv pjnh sphus pd hruhìph pbhhap|y iapd gd|ch dg pbhsh j||jafhkhaps!

Vbimh ahv @PC’s vipb shwh|jm dpbh| ox|isìcpidas bjwh hipbh| lhha giajmish` d| j|h xa`h| u|df|hss- Kjx|ipixs bjs jmsd giajmish`PIHJ’s vipb j axklh| dg dpbh| ox|isìcpidas! "Pbis udiap jmsdjasvh|s pbh |hcdkkha`jpida xa`h| Pd\ C!< da HDI ahpvd|n)!




JAAHRHS – 96

Jaahr <? Misp dg jmm Hrcbjafh+dg+Iagd|kjpida Khcbjaisks

ia Gd|ch

P|hjpy uj|pah|

Pyuh dg HdI

j||jafhkhap @jph sifah` @jph ia gd|ch: Fh|kjay @PC :8+Kj|+62 :+Oja+2:

< G|jach @PC ::+@hc+25 :6+Shup+2<

3 Xaiph` Niaf`dk @PC ::+Ghl+2: <7+Dcp+26

0 Ia`ij @PC <0+Jxf+2< ::+Oxah+28

8 Ipjmy @PC 59+Kj|+95 <2+Ju|im+98

7 _ikljlvh @PC 57+Kj|+9< 8+Adw+9<

6 Svh`ha @PC <3+Ju|+9< <:+@hc+9<

2 Kjmjysij @PC <3+Jxf+9< :9+Jxf+939 Svjimja` @PC <9+Oxa+90 2+Adw+90

:5 Cbiaj "Uhdumh’s \hu!)@PC 5:+Jxf+90 0+Kjy+98

u|dpdcdm 58+Shup+57 <8+Oja+56

:: Kj`jfjscj| @PC 35+Jxf+90 0+@hc+98

:< Ujnispja @PC 53+Shu+90 :9+Kjy+98

:3 Mxrhkldx|f @PC :8+Ghl+98 :<+Shup+97

:0 Ajkilij @PC 50+Kj|+98 <8+Oxmy+97

:8 Lhmfixk @PC 50+Oxm+98 <2+Oja+99

:7 Siafjud|h @PC :9+Jxf+98 56+Oxah+97

:6 \xssij @PC <0+Jxf+98

:2 Ldpsvjaj @PC <7+Shu+98 :7+Kj|cb+97

:9 S|i Mjanj @PC :<+Kj|+97 <+Kjy+96

<5 Sdxpb Jg|icj @PC 58+Oxm+97 <5+Oxah+96

<: Kdjklizxh @PC :0+Ghl+96 2+Kjy+99

<< Nxvjip @PC <0+Kj|+96 :+Shup+92




92 – JAAHRHS

P|hjpy uj|pah|

Pyuh dg HdI

j||jafhkhap @jph sifah` @jph ia gd|ch

<3 Mhsdpbd @PC <9+Jxf+96 9+Shup+50

<0 Pbjimja` @PC 5:+Dcp+96 :5+Oxah+92

<8 Dkja @PC 35+Kj|+92 <5+Oxmy+92

<7 Ahujm @PC 53+Jxf+99 ::+Adw+99

<6 Cyu|xs88- 87 @PC <:+Oja+55 :<+Oxah+55

<2 \vja`j @PC 35+Oxm+5: :0+Ju|im+53

<9 Shahfjm @PC :6+Ju|+5< :8+Shup+50

35 C|djpij @PC 57+Shu+5< 9+Jxf+53

3: Xfja`j @PC :9+Shu+53 <:+Oxmy+50

3< Lj|lj`ds @PC <2+Shu+50 <2+Oja+58

33 Shycbhmmhs @PC ::+Kj|+58 <<+Oxah+58

30 Xaiph` J|jl Hki|jphs @PC :2+Shu+57 3:+Oxmy+56

38 Pxaisij @PC :<+Ghl+52 <2+Dcp+52

37 Zjpj| @PC <2+Oxm+52 <2+Oxmy+59

36 Ljafmj`hsb @PC <:+@hc+59

Pbh phrp dg kdsp @PCs is jwjimjlmh da pbh vhlsiph dg pbh Kjx|ipixs \hwhaxh Jxpbd|ipy jp? vvv!fdw!kx$

ud|pjm$siphs$k|j$`pj!bpk!

zsk`mno88 zs`g 87

88! Adph ly Px|nhy?Pbh iagd|kjpida ia pbis `dcxkhap vipb |hgh|hach pd ”Cyu|xs‛ |hmjphs pd pbh sdxpbh|a

uj|p dg pbh Ismja`! Pbh|h is ad siafmh jxpbd|ipy |hu|hshapiaf ldpb Px|nisb ja` F|hhn

Cyu|idp uhdumh da pbh Ismja`! Px|nhy |hcdfaishs pbh Px|nisb \huxlmic dg Ad|pbh|a

Cyu|xs "P\AC)! Xapim j mjspiaf ja` hzxipjlmh sdmxpida is gdxa` vipbia pbh cdaphrp dg pbh Xaiph` Ajpidas- Px|nhy sbjmm u|hsh|wh ips udsipida cdach|aiaf pbh ”Cyu|xs issxh‛!

87! Adph ly jmm pbh Hx|duhja Xaida Khklh| Spjphs dg pbh DHC@ ja` pbh Hx|duhja

Cdkkissida?

Pbh \huxlmic dg Cyu|xs is |hcdfaish` ly jmm khklh|s dg pbh Xaiph` Ajpidas vipb

pbh hrchupida dg Px|nhy! Pbh iagd|kjpida ia pbis `dcxkhap |hmjphs pd pbh j|hj

xa`h| pbh hgghcpiwh cdap|dm dg pbh Fdwh|akhap dg pbh \huxlmic dg Cyu|xs!




JAAHRHS – 99

Jaahr 3? Misp dg Mjvs- \hfxmjpidas

ja` Dpbh| \hmhwjap Kjph|ijm

Iacdkh Pjr Jcp :998 jp vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$k|j$mhfis!bpk

Iacdkh Pjr "Gd|hifa Pjr C|h`ip) \hfxmjpidas :997 jp vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$ siphs$k|j$mhfis!bpk

Cdkujaihs Jcp <55: jp vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$acl$gsc$mhfisafxi`hs!bpkm

Cdkujaihs "Jkha`khap) \hfxmjpidas <557 jp vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$acl$ gsc$mhfisafxi`hs!bpkm

U|dphcph` Chmm Cdkujay Jcp <558 jp vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$acl$gsc$mhfisafxi`hs!bpkm

Cd`h `h Cdkkh|ch

Cd`h ciwim

P|xsps Jcp <55: jp vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$acl$gsc$mhfisafxi`hs!bpkm

\hfisp|jpida @xpy Jcp jp vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$fdc$|hfisp|j|$gimh$|hf`py59!u`g

Giajacijm Sh|wichs Jcp <556 jp vvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$acl$gsc$mhfisafxi`hs!bpkm

Ljaniaf Jcp <550 jp bppu?$$ldk!iapahp!kx$4i`;9575:

Ljan dg Kjx|ipixs Jcp <550 jp bppu?$$ldk!iapahp!kx$4i`;95755

Giajacijm Iaphmmifhach ja` Japi Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf "Jkha`khap) \hfxmjpidas

<557Giajacijm Iaphmmifhach ja` Japi Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf Jcp <55< "GIJKMJ) jpvvv!fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$acl$gsc$mhfisafxi`hs!bpkm

Giajacijm Iaphmmifhach ja` Japi Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf \hfxmjpidas <553 jp vvv! fdw!kx$ud|pjm$siphs$acl$gsc$mhfisafxi`hs!bpkm

Ljan dg Kjx|ipixs Fxi`jach Adphs da Japi+Kdahy Mjxa`h|iaf ja`Cdkljpiaf pbh Giajaciaf dg Ph||d|isk gd| Giajacijm Iaspipxpidas- js jkha`h`da 3: @hchklh| <559 jp bppu?$$ldk!iapahp!kx$4i`;956<:

Kxpxjm Jssispjach ia C|ikiajm ja` \hmjph` Kjpph|s Jcp <553



Fmdljm Gd|xk da P|jasuj|hacy ja` Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida

gd| Pjr Ux|udshs

UHH\ \HWIHVS- CDKLIAH@? UBJSH : . UBJSH <KJX\IPIXSPbh Fmdljm Gd|xk da P|jasuj|hacy ja` Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida gd| Pjr Ux|udshs ispbh kxmpimjph|jm g|jkhvd|n vipbia vbicb vd|n ia pbh j|hj dg pjr p|jasuj|hacy ja` hrcbjafhdg iagd|kjpida is cj||ih` dxp ly dwh| 95 ox|isìcpidas vbicb uj|piciujph ia pbh vd|n dg pbhFmdljm Gd|xk da ja hzxjm gddpiaf!

Pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk is cbj|fh` vipb ia+`hupb kdaipd|iaf ja` uhh| |hwihv dg pbhikumhkhapjpida dg pbh spja`j|`s dg p|jasuj|hacy ja` hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida gd| pjrux|udshs! Pbhsh spja`j|`s j|h u|ikj|imy |hhcph` ia pbh <55< DHC@ Kd`hm Jf|hhkhap da Hrcbjafh dg Iagd|kjpida da Pjr Kjpph|s ja` ips cdkkhapj|y- ja` ia J|picmh <7 dg pbhDHC@ Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida da Iacdkh ja` da Cjuipjm ja` ips cdkkhapj|y js xu`jphìa <550- vbicb bjs lhha iacd|ud|jph` ia pbh XA Kd`hm Pjr Cdawhapida!

Pbh spja`j|`s u|dwi`h gd| iaph|ajpidajm hrcbjafh da |hzxhsp dg gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjapiagd|kjpida gd| pbh j`kiaisp|jpida d| hagd|chkhap dg pbh `dkhspic pjr mjvs dg j |hzxhspiafuj|py! ”Gisbiaf hruhìpidas‛ j|h adp jxpbd|ish`- lxp jmm gd|hshhjlmy |hmhwjap iagd|kjpidakxsp lh u|dwi`h`- iacmxìaf ljan iagd|kjpida ja` iagd|kjpida bhm` ly `xcij|ihs-|hfj|`mhss dg pbh hrisphach dg j `dkhspic pjr iaph|hsp d| pbh juumicjpida dg j `xjmc|ikiajmipy spja`j|`!

Jmm khklh|s dg pbh Fmdljm Gd|xkjs vhmm js ox|isìcpidas i`hapih` ly pbh Fmdljm Gd|xkjs |hmhwjap pd ips vd|n- j|h lhiaf |hwihvh`! Pbis u|dchss is xa`h|pjnha ia pvd ubjshs!Ubjsh : |hwihvs jsshss pbh zxjmipy dg j ox|isìcpida’s mhfjm ja` |hfxmjpd|y g|jkhvd|n gd|pbh hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida- vbimh Ubjsh < |hwihvs mddn jp pbh u|jcpicjm ikumhkhapjpidadg pbjp g|jkhvd|n! Sdkh Fmdljm Gd|xk khklh|s j|h xa`h|fdiaf cdkliah` – Ubjsh :umxs Ubjsh < – |hwihvs! Pbh xmpikjph fdjm is pd bhmu ox|isìcpidas pd hgghcpiwhmy ikumhkhappbh iaph|ajpidajm spja`j|`s dg p|jasuj|hacy ja` hrcbjafh dg iagd|kjpida gd| pjr ux|udshs!

Jmm |hwihv |hud|ps j|h uxlmisbh` dach juu|dwh` ly pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk ja` pbhy pbxs|hu|hshap jf|hh` Fmdljm Gd|xk |hud|ps!

Gd| kd|h iagd|kjpida da pbh vd|n dg pbh Fmdljm Gd|xk da P|jasuj|hacy ja` Hrcbjafh dgIagd|kjpida gd| Pjr Ux|udshs- ja` gd| cduihs dg pbh uxlmisbh` |hwihv |hud|ps- umhjsh wisipvvv!dhc`!d|f$pjr$p|jasuj|hacy !

Peer Review Report Combined: Phase 1 + Phase 2 - Mauritius

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