Peer Review Report of Ireland - Combined Phase 1 + Phase 2

8/7/2019 Peer Review Report of Ireland - Combined Phase 1 + Phase 2

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@AEJKA CEZRG EF ]ZKF_\KZBFO^ KFM BXOHKF@B

EC NFCEZGK]NEF CEZ ]KX \RZ\E_B_

\bbz Zbnbp Zb|ez}Oegjnfbm4 \hksb ; ) \hksb :

NZBAKFM


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@aejka Cezrgef ]zkfs|kzbfo~

kfm Bxohkf`bec Nfcezgk}nef cez ]kx

\rz|esbs \bbz Zbnbps4Nzbakfm

:


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]hns pezi ns |rjanshbm ef }hb zbs|efsnjnan}~ ec }hb _bozb}kz~'@bfbzka ec }hb EBOM&

]hb e|nfnefs bx|zbssbm kfm kz`rgbf}s bg|ae~bm hbzbnf me fe} fbobsskzna~ zbcabo}

}hb eccnonka nbps ec }hb EBOM ez ec }hb `ebzfgbf}s ec n}s gbgjbz oerf}znbs ez

}hesb ec }hb @aejka Cezrg ef ]zkfs|kzbfo~ kfm Bxohkf`b ec Nfcezgk}nef cez ]kx

\rz|esbs&

N_JF >08'>:'3='0;='8 (|znf}.N_JF >08'>:'3='0;2'2 (\MC.

_bznbs4 @aejka Cezrg ef ]zkfs|kzbfo~ kfm Bxohkf`b ec Nfcezgk}nef cez ]kx \rz|esbs4 \bbz ZbnbpsN__F ::;>'=38; (|znf}.

N__F ::;>'=3>X (efanfb.

Oezzn`bfmk }e EBOM |rjanok}nefs gk~ jb cerfm ef anfb k}4 ppp&ebom&ez`%|rjanshnf`%oezzn`bfmk&

EBOM :


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :

Nfcezgk}nef kfm gb}hemeae`~ rsbm cez }hb |bbz zbnbp ec Nzbakfm & & & & & & & & & & & & >Ebznbp ec Nzbakfm & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ;

Ebznbp & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ?>J&;& Oeg|b}bf} Kr}hezn}~s kjnan}~ }e ej}knf kfm |zenmb nfcezgk}nef & & & & & & & & ?>J&:& Fe}ncnok}nef zb{rnzbgbf}s kfm zn`h}s kfm skcb`rkzms& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & =0

O& Bxohkf`nf` Nfcezgk}nef & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & =>

Ebznbp & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & =>O&;& Bxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nef gbohkfnsgs & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & 2%BBO ec ;> Mbobgjbz ;>00 oefobzfnf` gr}rka kssns}kfobj~ }hb oeg|b}bf} kr}hezn}nbs ec }hb Gbgjbz _}k}bs nf }hb cnbam ec mnzbo} }kxk'

}nef ns hkfmabm j~ kf bx|bznbfobm kfm oeg|b}bf} s}kcc ec 2 eccnobzs& NznshZbbfrbs s~s}bg cez hkfmanf` zb{rbs}s ns bccnonbf} kfm pbaa'ez`kfnsbm&Snz}rkaa~ kaa ec Nzbakfms bxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nef |kz}fbzs zb|ez} }hk} }hb~hkb k `eem zbak}nefshn| pn}h Nznsh Zbbfrb s}kcc kfm kzb sk}nscnbm pn}h }hb{rkan}~ ec }hb zbs|efsbs |zenmbm& Nf oeg|abx oksbs! Nznsh Zbbfrb bf`k`bsnf k||ze|znk}b mnkae`rb pn}h n}s oerf}bz|kz}s }e bfsrzb }hk} }hb bxohkf`b ecnfcezgk}nef ns hkfmabm bccnonbf}a~& Ebzkaa! zbs|efsb }ngbs pbzb segbphk}saepbz }hkf nmbka cnfka kfspbzs pbzb |zenmbm pn}hnf >< mk~s efa~ kjer}hkac }hb }ngb kfm nf}bzng zbs|efsbs kfm r|mk}bs pbzb fe} oefsns}bf}a~

|zenmbm& Efb ng|ez}kf} bxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nef |kz}fbz mnm bx|zbss mnsk|'|enf}gbf} nf }hb {rkan}~ kfm oeg|ab}bfbss ec segb ec }hb zbs|efsbs |zenmbm&Hepbbz! }hbzb pbzb k `zbk} gkf~ bxohkf`bs jb}pbbf }hbsb |kz}fbzs nf }hb

|zbners }hzbb ~bkzs! }hb ks} gkdezn}~ ec phnoh k||bkz }e hkb jbbf hkfmabmpn}her} kf~ mnccnora}~& N} k||bkzbm }hk} }hb mnccnora}nbs nf }hns oksb zbsra}bmczeg oefcrsnefs jb}pbbf Nznsh Zbbfrb kfm n}s oerf}bz|kz}s kfm oeram jbkmmzbssbm }hzer`h `zbk}bz oeggrfnok}nef&

3& Ebzkaa! Nzbakfm hks kf bccbo}nb s~s}bg cez }hb bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk'}nef nf }kx gk}}bzs& N}s akps kzb oabkz kfm bfsrzb }hk} }hb k||ze|znk}b nfcez'gk}nef ns kknakjab kfm }hk} Nznsh Zbbfrb hks }hb |epbzs }e koobss n} phbf

fbbmbm& Nzbakfm oabkza~ karbs }hb jbfbcn}s }hk} bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef nf }hb}kx kzbk okf jznf` }e }hb kmgnfns}zk}nef ec }hbnz epf }kx akp ks pbaa ks }hbakp ec }hbnz bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef |kz}fbzs&


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Nf}zemro}nef

Nfcezgk}nef kfm gb}hemeae`~ rsbm cez }hb |bbz zbnbp ec Nzbakfm

0& ]hb kssbssgbf} ec }hb ab`ka kfm zb`rak}ez~ czkgbpezi ec Nzbakfm kfm}hb |zko}noka ng|abgbf}k}nef kfm bccbo}nbfbss ec }hns czkgbpezi pks jksbm ef}hb nf}bzfk}nefka s}kfmkzms cez }zkfs|kzbfo~ kfm bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef ksmbsoznjbm nf }hb @aejka Cezrgs ]bzgs ec Zbcbzbfob! kfm pks |zb|kzbm rsnf`}hb @aejka CezrgsGb}hemeae`~ cez \bbz Zbnbps kfm Fef'Gbgjbz Zbnbps&]hb kssbssgbf} pks jksbm ef }hb akps! zb`rak}nefs! kfm bxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk'}nef gbohkfnsgs nf cezob ez bccbo} ks k} ?< Kr`rs} :

zb|zbsbf}k}nbs ec }hb zbabkf} Nznsh |rjano k`bfonbs (sbb Kffbx =.&

8& ]hb ]bzgs ec Zbcbzbfob jzbki mepf }hb s}kfmkzms ec }zkfs|kzbfo~ kfmbxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef nf}e ;< bssbf}nka babgbf}s kfm ?; bfrgbzk}bm ks|bo}srfmbz }hzbb jzekm ok}b`eznbs4 (K. kknakjnan}~ ec nfcezgk}nef9 (J. koobss }enfcezgk}nef9 kfm (O. bxohkf`nf` nfcezgk}nef& ]hns oegjnfbm zbnbp kssbssbsNzbakfms ab`ka kfm zb`rak}ez~ czkgbpezi kfm bccbo}nbfbss ec }hns czkgbpezik`knfs} }hbsb babgbf}s kfm bkoh ec }hb bfrgbzk}bm ks|bo}s& Nf zbs|bo} ec bkohbssbf}nka babgbf} k mb}bzgnfk}nef ns gkmb zb`kzmnf` Nzbakfms ab`ka kfm zb`rak'}ez~ czkgbpezi }hk} bn}hbz(n. }hb babgbf} ns nf |akob! (nn. }hb babgbf} ns nf |akob

jr} obz}knf ks|bo}s ec }hb ab`ka ng|abgbf}k}nef ec }hb babgbf} fbbm ng|zeb'gbf}! ez(nnn. }hb babgbf} ns fe} nf |akob& ]hbsb mb}bzgnfk}nefs kzb kooeg|k'fnbm j~ zboeggbfmk}nefs cez ng|zebgbf} phbzb zbabkf}& Nf kmmn}nef! }ezbcabo} }hb \hksb : oeg|efbf}! zboeggbfmk}nefs kzb kase gkmb oefobzfnf`Nzbakfms |zko}noka k||anok}nef ec bkoh ec }hb bssbf}nka babgbf}s& Ks er}anfbmnf }hb @aejka CezrgsFe}b ef Kssbssgbf} Ozn}bznk! ceaaepnf` k drznsmno}nefs\hksb : zbnbp! k zk}nf` pnaa jb k||anbm }e bkoh ec }hb bssbf}nka babgbf}s }ezbcabo} }hb ebzkaa |esn}nef ec k drznsmno}nef& Hepbbz }hns zk}nf` pnaa efa~ jb|rjanshbm k} sroh }ngb ks k zb|zbsbf}k}nb srjsb} ec \hksb : zbnbps ns oeg'|ab}bm& ]hns zb|ez} }hbzbcezb nfoarmbs zboeggbfmk}nefs nf zbs|bo} ec Nzbakfms

ab`ka kfm zb`rak}ez~ czkgbpezi kfm }hb ko}rka ng|abgbf}k}nef ec }hb bssbf}nka


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :& ]hb kssbssgbf} pks oefmro}bm j~ kf kssbssgbf} }bkg! phnoh oef'

sns}bm ec }pe bx|bz} kssbssezs kfm k zb|zbsbf}k}nb ec }hb @aejka Cezrg_bozb}kznk}4 Gz& Dehf Fksh! Ohnbc Kmnsez (Nf}bzfk}nefka Krmn}.! Fbp TbkakfmNfakfm Zbbfrb9 Gz& Hrp _hb|hbkzm! Eccnob ec }hb K}}ezfb~'@bfbzka!@ebzfgbf} ec Jbzgrmk9 kfm Gz& Kfmzbp Krbzjkoh czeg }hb @aejka Cezrg_bozb}kznk}&

Ebznbp ec Nzbakfm

;


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :& _rjdbo} }e obz}knf bxbg|}nefs zbsnmbf}s kfm fef'zbsnmbf}s kzb srjdbo}}e pn}hheamnf` }kxbs ef Nznsh'serzob mnnmbfms! nf}bzbs} kfm |k}bf} ze~ka}nbs&

Oeg|kf~ zb`rak}nef

:3? }e

:3? }e :


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :>8& ]hb pezinf` `zer|s gkfmk}bpks }e kmnsb ef ng|zenf` oeg|ankfob pn}h kfm bfcezobgbf} ec oeg|kf~akp! kfm! nf |kz}norakz! }e zbnbp }hb bxns}nf` oeg|ankfob kzzkf`bgbf}s kfmbfcezobgbf} zb`ngbs cez oeg|kf~ akp9 }e bkark}b }hb ab`nsak}nb! ez`kfnsk'

}nefka kfm zbserzob nssrbs kccbo}nf` oeg|ankfob kfm bfcezobgbf}9 }e bxkgnfbkfm nmbf}nc~ }hb zbserzobs kfm s}zro}rzbs fbobsskz~ }e kohnbb k gezb czb'{rbf} r|mk}nf` ec oeg|kfnbs ab`nsak}nef9 kfm }e gkib k||ze|znk}b zboeg'gbfmk}nefs }e kmmzbss }hbsb nssrbs& ]hb zb|ez} hkm jbbf oeggnssnefbm }ezbs|efm }e oefobzfs }hk} oeg|ankfob pn}h zbs|bo} }e oeg|kf~ akps fbbmbm }ejb ng|zebm& Nf |kz}norakz! n} pks fe}bm }hk} efa~ ;? |bzobf} ec kffrka oeg'|kf~ cnanf`s pbzb mbanbzbm ef }ngb nf ;>>0& ]hb zboeggbfmk}nefs gkmb nf}hb zb|ez} pbzb kngbm k} ces}bznf` k ora}rzb ec oeg|ankfob kfm kf ng|ez}kf}s}zk}b`~ nf }hns zb`kzm pks }e bf`bfmbz `zbk}bz oe'e|bzk}nef kgef` kznersjzkfohbs ec `ebzfgbf}! nfoarmnf` jb}pbbf }hb Zb`ns}zkz ec Oeg|kfnbs kfmNznsh Zbbfrb }hzer`h }hb bs}kjanshgbf} ec }hb Oeg|kf~ Akp Zbnbp @zer|&Kf ng|ez}kf} er}oegb ec }hb GoMepbaa Zb|ez}pks }hb ozbk}nef ec kf nfmb'|bfmbf} s}k}r}ez~ eccnobz! ifepf ks }hb Mnzbo}ez ec Oez|ezk}b Bfcezobgbf}!phe hks k pnmb zkf`b ec zbs|efsnjnan}~ cez kfm |epbzs nf zbak}nef }e }hbbfcezobgbf} ec oeg|kf~ akp& ]hb |epbzs kfm zbs|efsnjnan}nbs ec }hb Zb`ns}zkzec Oeg|kfnbs kfm }hb Oeg|kf~ Zb`ns}zk}nef Eccnob pbzb kase bxkgnfbm kfms}zbf`}hbfbm ceaaepnf` ef }hb zboeggbfmk}nefs ec }hb GoMepbaa Zb|ez}&

Kf}n'gefb~ akrfmbznf` akp

::& Nzbakfms kf}n'gefb~ akrfmbznf` akps hkb zbobf}a~ rfmbz`efb r|mk}'nf`& ]hb Ozngnfka Drs}nob (Gefb~ Akrfmbznf` kfm ]bzzezns} Cnfkfonf`. Ko}:


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :< |bzobf} ec oeg|kfnbs pbzb r| }e mk}b pn}h }hbnz kffrka zb}rzf'cnanf` ejan`k}nef ks k} ?; Mbobgjbz :>& ]hb ]kxbs Oefseanmk}nef Ko} ;>>0 (]OK. zb{rnzbs }hk} kaa |bzsefsheamnf` sborzn}nbs ks k fegnfbb grs} cnab kf nfcezgk}nef zb}rzf pn}h NznshZbbfrb nmbf}nc~nf` }hb |bzsef ef jbhkac ec pheg }hb sborzn}nbs kzb hbam&_hkzb pkzzkf}s }e jbkzbz gk~ efa~ jb nssrbm j~ |rjano oeg|kfnbs nc sekr}heznsbm j~ }hbnz kz}noabs ec ksseonk}nef& Nf kmmn}nef! }hbzb kzb ejan`k}nefs cezshkzbheambzs (nfoarmnf` shkzb pkzzkf} heambzs. }hk} epf gezb }hkf ? |bzobf}ec k |rjano ans}bm oeg|kf~ }e mnsoaesb }hbnz shkzbheamnf`& Gezbebz! oaesboeg|kfnbs (n&b& }hesb oef}zeaabm j~ 2 ez cbpbz |kz}non|k}ezs (nfoarmnf` ksseon'

k}bs. ez oef}zeaabm j~ kf~ frgjbz ec |kz}non|k}ezs phe kzb mnzbo}ezs. oefs}n}r}b


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?>& Kf kffrka zb}rzf (ef Cezg J;. oef}knfnf` obz}knf |zbsoznjbm nfcezgk'}nef ns kase zb{rnzbm }e jb cnabm pn}h }hb Zb`ns}zkz ec Oeg|kfnbs (Oeg|kfnbsKo} ;>3?! s& ;:2.& ]hns zb}rzf nfoarmbs r|'}e'mk}b mb}knas ec4

mnzbo}ezs! kr}heznsbm kfm nssrbm shkzb ok|n}ka!

shkzbs nssrbm mrznf` }hb ~bkz! kfm

|zbsbf} gbgjbzs kfm ohkf`bs nf gbgjbzshn| mrznf` }hb ~bkz&

=3?! s& ;:0.& Kaa zb}rzfs cnabm pn}h }hbZb`ns}zkz ec Oeg|kfnbs j~! ez nf zbs|bo} ec! k oeg|kf~ kzb e|bf }e nfs|bo}nef

j~ }hb |rjano! ef |k~gbf} ec k cbb kfm oe|nbs gk~ kase jb ej}knfbm! k`knf ef|k~gbf} ec k cbb (Oeg|kfnbs Ko} ;>3?! s& ?0>

}hkf k oeg|kf~ ans}bm ef k zb`rak}bm gkzib}. }hns gbkfs kf~ nfmnnmrka phe


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=?& Bbz~ oeg|kf~ nfoez|ezk}bm nf Nzbakfm ez phnoh okzznbs ef k }zkmb!|zecbssnef ez jrsnfbss nf Nzbakfm grs} mbanbz k s}k}bgbf} (ef Cezg ;;C OZE.}e Nznsh Zbbfrb oef}knfnf` obz}knf nfcezgk}nef nf zbs|bo} ec }hb oeg|kf~(]OK! s& 88:.& Zbsnmbf} oeg|kfnbs kzb fe} zb{rnzbm }e |zenmb mb}knas ec ab`kaepfbzshn| phbf oeg|ab}nf` Cezg ;;C OZE& Ab`ka epfbzshn| nfcezgk}nef

pnaa kazbkm~ hkb jbbf sr||anbm }e }hb OZE ef nfoez|ezk}nef ec }hb oeg|kf~oefobzfbm kfm ns kooezmnf`a~ kknakjab }e Nznsh Zbbfrb kfm }e }hb |rjano (sbb|kzk`zk|h => zb`kzmnf` zb}rzfs }e jb gkmb }e Nznsh Zbbfrb j~ |bzsefs pheheam shkzbs ef jbhkac ec e}hbzs.& Phbzb k oeg|kf~ ns nfoez|ezk}bm nf Nzbakfmjr} ns fe} zb`kzmbm ks zbsnmbf} nf Nzbakfm jbokrsb ec }hb }bzgs ec k merjab}kxk}nef k`zbbgbf} }hb ceaaepnf` mb}knas grs} jb nfoarmbm ef Cezg ;;C OZE4

phbzb n} ns oef}zeaabm j~ k {re}bm oeg|kf~! }hb fkgb kfm kmmzbss ec}hb zb`ns}bzbm eccnob ec }hb {re}bm oeg|kf~9

nf kf~ e}hbz oksb! }hb fkgb kfm kmmzbss ec }hb nfmnnmrkas phe kzb

}hb ra}ngk}b jbfbcnonka epfbzs ec }hb oeg|kf~&==& Cknarzb }e mbanbz }hb s}k}bgbf} zb{rnzbm rfmbz _bo}nef 88: ec }hb]OK zbfmbzs }hb oeg|kf~ nf {rbs}nef ankjab }e k |bfka}~ ec BRZ =


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :8:! s& ;:K.& Nznsh Zbbfrb kzb ef fe}nob ec kaa fbp oeg'|kf~ nfoez|ezk}nefs kfm sbfm Cezg ;;C OZE cez oeg|ab}nef }e }hb oeg|kf~k} n}s zb`ns}bzbm eccnob |bz }hb OZE zboezms& Ans}s ec oeg|kfnbs }hk} hkbcknabm }e mbanbz Cezg ;;C OZE kzb sr||anbm k} zb`rakz nf}bzkas j~ Nznsh

Zbbfrb }e }hb OZE! kfm n} ns efa~ }hesb oeg|kfnbs }hk} hkb cknabm }e cnab }hbCezg ;;C OZE pn}h Nznsh Zbbfrb j~ }hb oefoarsnef ec }hb s}znib ecc |zeobss}hk} kzb s}zroi ecc kfm mnsseabm& Nf :


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM ::& _bo}nef 8>: mebs fe} zb{rnzb

}hb fegnfbb }e ifep }hb ra}ngk}b jbfbcnonka epfbz jr} n} ns |essnjab cez NznshZbbfrb! rsnf` n}s nfcezgk}nef'`k}hbznf` |epbzs! }e nmbf}nc~ }hb ohknf ec epf'bzshn| }hk} ns pn}hnf n}s drznsmno}nef& Nf kmmn}nef! kf}n'gefb~ akrfmbznf` ab`nsak'}nef |zenmbs cez mbsn`fk}bm |bzsefs (b&`& }zrs} kfm oeg|kf~ sbznob |zenmbzs!kooerf}kf}s! krmn}ezs! }kx kmnsezs! seanon}ezs! jkzzns}bzs. }e rfmbz}kib ors}egbzmrb mnan`bfob phnoh nfeabs nmbf}ncnok}nef ec }hb jbfbcnonka epfbzshn| ec |ze|'bz}~ (Ozngnfka Drs}nob (Gefb~ Akrfmbznf` kfm ]bzzezns} Cnfkfonf`. Ko} :Cezbn`f oeg|kfnbs

23?! s& ?0


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :2; ec }hb ]OK nf zbak}nef }e!zbs|bo}nba~! }hb |kz}norakzs }e jb sr||anbm j~ fbp oeg|kfnbs kfm cnanf` ec}kx zb}rzfs kase k||a~ }e cezbn`f'nfoez|ezk}bm oeg|kfnbs phnoh kzb zbsnmbf}cez }kx |rz|esbs nf Nzbakfm ez! nc fef'zbsnmbf}! phnoh okzz~ ef k }zkmb! |zecbs'

snef ez jrsnfbss nf Nzbakfm }hzer`h k jzkfoh ez k`bfo~&

2=& Kf~ cezbn`f nfoez|ezk}bm oeg|kf~ zbsnmbf} nf Nzbakfm cez }kx |rz|esbs}hk} ns oaesba~'oef}zeaabm pnaa hkb }e mbanbz jbfbcnonka epfbzshn| nfcezgk}nef}e Nznsh Zbbfrb (sbb |kzk`zk|h =0! kjeb. kfm se nssrbs zb`kzmnf` kknakjnan}~ ecepfbzshn| nfcezgk}nef peram efa~ kznsb nf }hb oksb ec sroh cezbn`f nfoez|ezk}bmoeg|kfnbs }hk} kzb fe} kase oaesba~ oef}zeaabm oeg|kfnbs cez Nznsh }kx |rz|esbs(n&b& oef}zeaabm j~ 2 ez cbpbz |kz}non|k}ezs (nfoarmnf` ksseonk}bs. ez j~ |kz}non|k'}ezs phe kzb mnzbo}ezs zb kzmabss ec }hbnz frgjbz.& Nf }hns oksb! }hb zb{rnzbgbf}s}e gknf}knf epfbzshn| nfcezgk}nef pnaa `bfbzkaa~ mb|bfm ef }hb akp ec }hb

drznsmno}nef nf phnoh }hb oeg|kf~ ns nfoez|ezk}bm! kfm se gk~ fe} jb kknakjabnf kaa oksbs& Nc }hb cezbn f nfoez|ezk}bm oeg|kf~ ns zbsnmbf} nf Nzbakfm cez }kx|rz|esbs! }hns gbkfs }hk} n}s obf}zka gkfk`bgbf} kfm oef}zea pnaa jb nf Nzbakfmkfm oefsb{rbf}a~ Nznsh Zbbfrb peram jb kjab }e mbgkfm crz}hbz |kz}norakzsrfmbz }hbnz `bfbzka nfcezgk}nef'`k}hbznf` |epbzs (sbb sbo}nef J&;! jbaep.&

Jbkzbz shkzbs (]eZ K&;&:.

22& K |rjano oeg|kf~ angn}bm j~ shkzbs! phnoh ns kr}heznsbm j~ n}skz}noabs ec ksseonk}nef }e me se! okf nssrb shkzb pkzzkf}s }e jbkzbz nf zbak'

}nef }e craa~ |knm'r| shkzbs& ]hbsb pkzzkf}s bf}n}ab }hb jbkzbz }e }hb shkzbss|boncnbm nf }hb pkzzkf}& ]hb shkzbs gk~ jb }zkfscbzzbm j~ mbanbz~ ec }hbpkzzkf} (Oeg|kfnbs Ko} ;>3?! s& 88.& _rjdbo} }e }hb kz}noabs ec }hb oeg|kf~}hb jbkzbz ec k shkzb pkzzkf} gk~ jb mbbgbm }e jb k gbgjbz ec }hb oeg|kf~(Oeg|kfnbs Ko} ;>3?! s& ;;8.& Ef }hb nssrb ec k shkzb pkzzkf} }hb oeg|kf~grs} s}znib er} }hb fkgb ec }hb gbgjbz heamnf` }hb shkzbs s|boncnbm nf }hbpkzzkf} kfm grs} bf}bz nf }hb zb`ns}bz4

}hb cko} ec }hb nssrb ec }hb pkzzkf}!

k s}k}bgbf} ec }hb shkzbs nfoarmbm nf }hb pkzzkf}! mns}nf`rnshnf` bkohshkzb j~ n}s frgjbz se aef` ks }hb shkzb hks k frgjbz9 kfm

}hb mk}b ec }hb nssrb ec }hb pkzzkf}&

23& \znk}b oeg|kfnbs kzb fe} |bzgn}}bm }e nssrb shkzb pkzzkf}s }e jbkzbz&Phbzb k oeg|kf~ ns oaesba~'oef}zeaabm cez }kx |rz|esbs! n} pnaa jb zb{rnzbm}e |zenmb jbfbcnonka epfbzshn| nfcezgk}nef }e Nznsh Zbbfrb& Phbzb k oeg'

|kf~ ns |rjanoa~'ans}bm! }hbzb kzb ejan`k}nefs cez shkzbheambzs (nfoarmnf` shkzbpkzzkf} heambzs. }hk} epf gezb }hkf ? |bzobf} ec }hb oeg|kf~ }e mnsoaesb}hbnz shkzbheamnf`& Nf kmmn}nef! |rjano angn}bm oeg|kfnbs zb`rak}bm j~ }hb

Obf}zka Jkfi kzb zb{rnzbm }e ibb| k zb`ns}bz ec }hbnz epfbzs& Kooezmnf`a~! }hb


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :.& Nc }hb angn}bm |kz}fbzshn| ns fe} zb`ns}bzbm }hbfn} ns mbbgbm }e jb k `bfbzka |kz}fbzshn| (Angn}bm \kz}fbzshn|s Ko} ;>


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :=& ]hb `bfbzka |kz}fbz ec kf nfbs}gbf} angn}bm|kz}fbzshn| grs} gknf}knf k zb`ns}bz ec }hb fkgbs kfm kmmzbssbs! kgerf}skfm mk}bs ec }hb oef}znjr}nef ez oef}znjr}nefs ec bkoh |kz}fbz kfm }hb zb`'

ns}bz grs} jb r|mk}bm pn}hnf cnb mk~s ec }hb ohkf`b nf kf~ nfcezgk}nef(Nfbs}gbf} Angn}bm \kz}fbzshn|s Ko} ;>>=! s& ;?.& N} sheram jb fe}bm! hep'bbz! }hk} fe sroh |kz}fbzshn|s kzb orzzbf}a~ nf bxns}bfob&

3;& Phbzb k |kz}fbzshn| (phb}hbz `bfbzka ez angn}bm kfm phb}hbz nfzbobn|} ec ko}nb ez |kssnb nfoegb. okzznbs ef jrsnfbss nf Nzbakfm! }hbf }hb|zbobmbf} |kz}fbz ns zb{rnzbm }e cnab k zb}rzf cez }hb |kz}fbzshn| kfm bkoh|kz}fbz grs} gkib kf nfmnnmrka zb}rzf (]OK! s& 882;.&

]zrs}s (]eZ K&;&=.

3:& ]zrs}s okf jb ozbk}bm rfmbz Nznsh akp& _|boncno s}k}r}bs mbka pn}hohkzn}kjab }zrs}s! |bfsnef }zrs}s kfm }hesb rfn} }zrs}s }hk} kzb kr}heznsbm j~}hb Obf}zka Jkfi (n&b& RON]_ kfm Fef'RON]_.4 e}hbzpnsb }zrs}s kzb `ebzfbm

j~ }hb ]zrs}bb Ko} ;8>? (}hns Ko} ns orzzbf}a~ jbnf` r|mk}bm. kfm `bfbzka }zrs}akp& Rfn} }zrs}s }hk} kzb fe} kr}heznsbm j~ }hb Obf}zka Jkfi (jbokrsb }hb~ kzbfe} e|bf }e }hb |rjano. kzb nfbs}bm bxoarsnba~ nf Nznsh Zbbfrb'k||zebm|bfsnef sohbgbs kfm Nznsh Zbbfrb'k||zebm ohkzn}nbs kfm kzb bs}kjanshbmrfmbz k }zrs} mbbm& ]hb~ jboegb ifepf }e Nznsh Zbbfrb ef srjgnssnef ec}hbnz }zrs} mbbm cez oefcnzgk}nef }hk} }hb |zensnefs ec_bo}nef 0?;(2. ec }hb

]OK pnaa k||a~ }e }hbg ef }hb jksns }hk} kaa ec }hbnz rfmbza~nf` nfbs}ezs kzb}hbgsbabs }kx'bxbg|} bf}n}nbs (n&b& Nznsh Zbbfrb'k||zebm |bfsnef sohbgbskfm Nznsh Zbbfrb'k||zebm ohkzn}nbs.& ]hbsb rfn} }zrs}s kzb fep srjdbo} }ekf kffrka zb|ez}nf` zb{rnzbgbf} }e Nznsh Zbbfrb&

3?& ]hb Ohkzn}nbs Ko} :


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kf~ ko}rkznka kmnob zbobnbm ez mb}knas ec sohbgb crfmnf`9 kfm

kfm! phbzb k||ze|znk}b! k oe|~ ec }hb kooerf}s ec }hb sohbgb cez }hbaks} ~bkz cez phnoh sroh kooerf}s hkb jbbf gkmb r|&

33& Nznsh Zbbfrb krmn} |bfsnef sohbgbs ef kf efènf` jksns kfm rfmbz}hns |zeobss }zrs}bbs kfm kmgnfns}zk}ezs grs} gknf}knf r| }e mk}b zboezms&

]hb~ gk~ jb zb{rnzbm ef zb{rbs} }e |zenmb nfcezgk}nef ef oef}znjr}nefsgkmb }e }hb sohbgb kfm jbfbcn}s |knm czeg }hb sohbgb kaef` pn}h sohbgbkooerf}s& Nf }hb oksb ec _gkaa _bac'Kmgnfns}bzbm _ohbgbs (rsrkaa~ efb|bzsef sohbgbs. kffrka kooerf}s kfm |bznemno ko}rkznka zbnbps grs} jbsrjgn}}bm }e Nznsh Zbbfrb (Zbbfrb \bfsnefs Gkfrka! oh& ;>.&

30& Bx|zbss }zrs}s kzb ozbk}bm j~ }hb bx|zbssbm nf}bf}nef ec }hb ozbk}ezec }hb }zrs} (}hb sb}}aez.& ]hns gk~ jb mefb j~ }bs}kgbf} eznf}bz nes& Kf~|bzsef oeg|b}bf} }e mbka pn}h |ze|bz}~ okf bs}kjansh k }zrs} ec n}& ]hbzb kzbfe zbs}zno}nefs ef phe gk~ ko} ks }zrs}bbs kfm oefsb{rbf}a~ }zrs}bbs gk~ jb

nfmnnmrkas ez oeg|kfnbs& ]zrs}bbs kzb èbzfbm j~ }hb ]zrs}bbs Ko} ;8>? kfmj~ }hb }bzgs ec }hb }zrs} mbbm& Ng|anon} nf }hbnz mr}nbs ks }zrs}bbs ns }hk} }hb~sheram jb craa~ ko{rknf}bm pn}h }hb }bzgs ec }hb }zrs}! nfoarmnf` ifepnf` phe}hb jbfbcnonkznbs kzb! rfmbzs}kfmnf` }hb zkf`b ec nfbs}gbf}s }hb~ kzb kr}hez'nsbm }e gkib kfm ifepnf` phk} }hb kssb}s kfm ankjnan}nbs ec }hb }zrs} kzb&

38& Zb`kzmabss ec }hb akp èbzfnf` }hb cezgk}nef ec k }zrs}! }hb }zrs'}bbs kzb ohkz`bkjab }e Nznsh nfoegb }kx ef }hb pezampnmb nfoegb ec }hb }zrs}phbzb }hb~ kzb zbsnmbf} nf Nzbakfm kfm ef }hb Nznsh'serzob nfoegb phbzb}hb~ kzb fe} Nznsh'zbsnmbf}& Phbzb k }zrs} hks je}h Nznsh'zbsnmbf} }zrs}bbs

kfm }zrs}bbs phe kzb fe} Nznsh'zbsnmbf}! }hb bx}bf} ec }hb ohkz`b }e Nznsh }kx!


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :?8! s& 3.9

kf~efb phe ifepnf`a~ ez zboiabssa~ gkibs k ckasb zb}rzf ez aem`bsk meorgbf} ckasb nf k gk}bznka |kz}norakz pn}h }hb OZE nf |rz|ez}bmoeg|ankfob pn}h kf~ |zensnef ec }hb Oeg|kfnbs Ko}s ns ankjab }e|zesbor}nef kfm! ef oefno}nef ef nfmno}gbf}! }e k cnfb fe} bxobbm'nf` BRZ ;: 3>0&?8& Kmmn}nefka |bfka}nbs gk~ k||a~ phbzb k |bzsefns oefno}bm ef nfmno}gbf} ec kf eccbfob rfmbz _bo}nef :=: kfm }hboerz} ns ec }hb e|nfnef }hk} }hb ko}! egnssnef ez oefmro} phnoh oef's}n}r}bm }hk} eccbfob hks (k. srjs}kf}nkaa~ oef}znjr}bm }e k oeg|kf~

jbnf` rfkjab }e |k~ n}s mbj}s9 (j.|zbbf}bm ez sbznersa~ ng|bmbm }hb


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_bo}nef ;

_bo}nef ;


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cez kzners ko}nefs ez cknarzbs nf }hb oef}bx} ec ejan`k}nefs ng|esbmrfmbz kaa }hb s}k}r}bs kfm nfs}zrgbf}s mbkanf` pn}h }kxbs kfm mr}nbsrfmbz }hb okzb kfm gkfk`bgbf} ec Nznsh Zbbfrb& K |bzsef ns `rna}~ec kf eccbfob rfmbz }hns sbo}nef nc }hk} |bzsef! cez bxkg|ab! ifep'

nfà~ ez pnaacraa~ crzfnshbs kf nfoezzbo} zb}rzf9 ifepnfà~ knms!kjb}s! kssns}s! nfon}bs ez nfmrobs kfe}hbz |bzsef }e gkib ez mbanbz!ifepnfà~ ez pnaacraa~! kf nfoezzbo} zb}rzf9 ifepnfà~ ez pnaacraa~nssrbs ez |zemrobs nfoezzbo} nfenobs! zbobn|}s! b}o& K |bzsef oef'no}bm ec kf eccbfob rfmbz }hb sbo}nef ns ankjab4

' ef srggkz~ oefno}nef }e k cnfb ec BRZ 2

oefobzfbm ns }e jb nfozbksbm j~ k srzohkz`b kgerf} b{rka }e4' 2 |bz obf} ec }hk} kgerf} ec }kx! srjdbo} }e k gkxngrg ec

BRZ ;: 3>2 bx}zk }kx cez mbak~s nf cnanf` ec abss }hkf : gef}hs! kfm

' ;< |bz obf} ec }hk} kgerf} ec }kx! srjdbo} }e k gkxngrg ecBRZ 3? =82 bx}zk }kx cez mbak~s nf cnanf` ec : gef}hs ez gezb9

_bo}nef ;


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM : gef}hs ec }hb bfmec }hb oeg|kf~s kooerf}nf` |bznem.& ]hb zbs}zno}nefs kzb `zkmbm j~zbcbzbfob }e }hb abf`}h ec }hb mbak~ nf cnanf` kfm }hbzb ns k ok| ef }hb

abba ec bkoh zbs}zno}nef& Nf }hb gkdezn}~ ec oksbs }hns gbksrzb pnaafe} kgerf} }e k oeg|ab}b mbfnka ec zbanbcs& ]hb efa~ kmbzsb bccbo} efges} oeg|kfnbs phnoh ckna }e srjgn} }hbnz }kx zb}rzf ef }ngb pnaa jbk oksh caep efb& ]hb sohbgb |zbbf}s }hb oeg|kfnbs oefobzfbm czegrsnf` }hb |kz}norakz zbanbcs }e }hbnz jbs} kmkf}k`b& Hepbbz! }hb aessbsez eccsb}s nf {rbs}nef okf jb }zkfscbzzbm }e k ak}bz kooerf}nf` |bznem&

0=& Rfmbz }hb fbp kf}n'gefb~ akrfmbznf` ab`nsak}nef! }hb zbs|efsnjaboeg|b}bf} kr}hezn}~ gk~ okaa cez nfcezgk}nef ez nfeib |epbzs ec sbkzohkfm sbntrzb nf zbs|bo} ec mbsn`fk}bm |bzsefs (Ozngnfka Drs}nob (Gefb~

Akrfmbznf` kfm ]bzzezns} Cnfkfonf`. Ko} : ozbmn} kfm cnfkfonka nfs}n}r}nefs9

kooerf}kf}s! krmn}ezs! }kx kmnsezs9

nfmb|bfmbf} ab`ka |zecbssnefkas nfoarmnf` seanon}ezs! jkzzns}bzs kfmfe}kznbs9

}zrs} kfm oeg|kf~ sbznob |zenmbzs9

|ze|bz}~ sbznob |zenmbzs9 oksnfes9

|bzsefs phe bccbo}nba~ mnzbo} k |znk}b gbgjbzs `kgjanf` oarj9 kfm

kf~efb phe }zkmbs nf `eems nf zbs|bo} ec }zkfsko}nefs nfeanf` |k~'gbf}s }e }hb |bzsef nf oksh ec k }e}ka ec k} abks} BRZ ;2


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :8>! s& 03.& Rfmbza~nf` meorgbf}k}nef sroh ks nfenobs

kzb kase zb{rnzbm }e jb ib|} kfm }hb meorgbf} zb}bf}nef |bznem ns 3~bkzs& K Jrnamnf` _eonb}~ ns k cnfkfonka nfs}n}r}nef kfm ns zb`rak}bm

j~ }hb Obf}zka Jkfi kfm kase srjdbo} }e }hb Ozngnfka Drs}nob (Gefb~(Akrfmbznf` kfm ]bzzezns} Cnfkfonf`. Ko} :0! s& 02. kfm grs} gknf}knfkooerf}s }e }hb skgb s}kfmkzm ks Jrnamnf` _eonb}nbs (Ozbmn} Rfnef Ko};>>0! s& ;


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :! s& :=.& Ks k cnfkfonka nfs}n}r'}nef k ]zrs}bb _knf`s Jkfi ns zb`rak}bm j~ }hb Obf}zka Jkfi kfm nssrjdbo} }e }hb |zensnefs ec }hb Ozngnfka Drs}nob (Gefb~ (Akrfmbznf`kfm ]bzzezns} Cnfkfonf`. Ko} :08! kooezmnf` }e phnoh sroh seonb}nbsgrs} zb`ns}bz pn}h }hb Zb`ns}zkz cez Cznbfma~ _eonb}nbs kfm |zenmbkf kffrka zb}rzf (Nfmrs}znka kfm \zenmbf} _eonb}nbs Ko}! s& :?Ko}& Nfmrs}znka kfm \zenmbf} _eonb}nbs kzb srjdbo} }e }hb OzngnfkaDrs}nob (Gefb~ (Akrfmbznf` kfm ]bzzezns} Cnfkfonf`. Ko} :


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :8> (_&N& ;>; ec ;>8>. pbzb kme|}bm cez }hb |rz|esb ec `nnf` craabccbo} }e }hb Oerfona Zb`rak}nef nf Nznsh akp& Kf BBN@ okf jb cezgbm

j~ oeg|kfnbs! cnzgs kfm e}hbz ab`ka bf}n}nbs `ebzfbm j~ |rjano ez|znk}b akp phnoh hkb jbbf cezgbm nf kooezmkfob pn}h }hb akp eck Gbgjbz _}k}b kfm phnoh hkb }hbnz zb`ns}bzbm eccnob nf }hb BR& N}okf kase jb cezgbm j~ nfmnnmrkas okzz~nf` ef kf nfmrs}znka! oeg'gbzonka! ozkc} ez k`znora}rzka ko}nn}~ ez |zenmnf` |zecbssnefka eze}hbz sbznobs nf }hb BR& ]hb oef}zko} cez }hb cezgk}nef ec kf BBN@grs} nfoarmb n}s fkgb! n}s eccnonka kmmzbss kfm ejdbo}s! }hb fkgb!zb`ns}zk}nef frgjbz kfm |akob ec zb`ns}zk}nef! nc kf~! ec bkoh gbgjbzec }hb `zer|nf` kfm }hb mrzk}nef ec }hb `zer|nf`! bxob|} phbzb }hnsns nfmbcnfn}b& BBN@s pn}h kf eccnonka kmmzbss nf Nzbakfm grs} zb`ns'}bz pn}h }hb OZE! mb|esn} k oe|~ ec }hbnz oef}zko} }hbzb kfm gkibkf kffrka zb}rzf }hk} nfoarmbs craa gbgjbzshn| mb}knas (Brze|bkfOeggrfn}nbs (BBN@. Zb`rak}nefs! _&N& ;>; ec ;>8>! sboefm sohbmrab.kfm kzb zb{rnzbm }e ibb| jeeis kfm zboezms& _nfob }hbnz nfob|}nef nf;>8> nf Nzbakfm efa~ 8 BBN@s hkb jbbf bs}kjanshbm&

08& Pn}h }hb bxob|}nef ec ozbmn} rfnefs kfm BBN@s! kaa ec }hbsb bf}n}nbskzb ohkz`bm }e }kx ef }hb skgb jksns ks oeg|kfnbs kfm! }hbzbcezb! kaa }hb }kxakp |zensnefs }hk} k||a~ }e oeg|kfnbs k||a~ }e }hbsb bf}n}nbs& Ozbmn} rfnefskzb bxbg|} czeg }kx ef }hbnz nfoegb jr} fe} czeg }kx ef ohkz`bkjab `knfs

ez czeg }hb zb{rnzbgbf} }e zb|ez} nf}bzbs} rfmbz }hb BR _knf`s Mnzbo}nb&BBN@s kzb }zbk}bm ks }zkfs|kzbf} cez }kx |rz|esbs kfm kzb }kxbm nf }hb skgbgkffbz ks |kz}fbzshn|s (]OK ;>>0! s& ;>0! ss& 88< kfm >2;.&

0>& Kaa ec }hb bf}n}nbs mnsorssbm kjeb kzb srjdbo} }e ab`ka epfbzshn|kfm meorgbf}k}nef zb{rnzbgbf}s kfm Nznsh Zbbfrbs |epbzs }e oeg|ba }hb

|zemro}nef ec nfcezgk}nef (sbb sbo}nef J&;! jbaep. k||a~ }e }hbg& Fe zb{rbs}sczeg Nzbakfms bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef |kz}fbzs nf zbs|bo} ec }hbg hkb jbbfgkmb nf }hb |zbners }hzbb ~bkzs&


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :03 N&Z&W& ]hb oksboefobzfbm kssb}s hbam ef mnsozb}nefkz~ }zrs}s& ]hb oerz} fe}bm }hk} nf }hb oksbec k cnxbm }zrs}! k jbfbcnonkz~ phe ns bf}n}abm }e nfoegb kfm }hesb bf}n}abm nfzbgknfmbz kzb bf}n}abm }e craa kfm koorzk}b nfcezgk}nef oefobzfnf` }hb }zrs}|ze|bz}~& Nf }hb oksb ec k mnsozb}nefkz~ }zrs} }hb oerz} hbam }hk} kf~ |e}bf'

}nka jbfbcnonkz~ ns bf}n}abm }e oe|nbs ec }hb }zrs} kooerf}s kfm mb}knas ec }hb


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]kx akp83& Oeg|kfnbs! |kz}fbzshn|s kfm }zrs}bbs kzb `bfbzkaa~ srjdbo} }esbo'}nef 883(:.(k. ec }hb ]OK! phnoh zb{rnzbs }hk}! cez }kx |rz|esbs! bbz~ |bzsefokzz~nf` ef k }zkmb ez |zecbssnef ez e}hbz ko}nn}~ }hb |zecn}s ez `knfs ecphnoh kzb ohkz`bkjab }e }kx grs}! ef k oef}nfrers jksns! ibb| sroh jeeiskfm zboezms ks pnaa bfkjab }zrb nfoegb }kx! oez|ezk}nef }kx kfm ok|n}ka `knfs}kx zb}rzfs }e jb gkmb& Cez }hbsb |rz|esbs! zboezms gk~ nfoarmb kooerf}s!jeeis ec kooerf}! meorgbf}s kfm kf~ e}hbz mk}k zbak}nf` }e4

gefb~ s|bf} kfm zbobnbm kfm }hb |rz|esb ec sroh zbobn|}s kfm

bx|bfmn}rzb9 skabs kfm |rzohksbs ec `eems kfm sbznobs9

kssb}s kfm ankjnan}nbs ec k }zkmb! |zecbssnef ez e}hbz ko}nn}~9

ko{rnsn}nef kfm mns|eska ec kssb}s&

80& Oeg|kfnbs kfm |kz}fbzshn|s kzb zb{rnzbm }e |zenmb obz}knf mb}knasczeg }hbnz kooerf}s nf }hbnz }kx zb}rzfs cez kf kooerf}nf` |bznem phnoh kzbzb{rnzbm }e jb cnabm pn}h Nznsh Zbbfrb fe} ak}bz }hkf > gef}hs kc}bz }hbkooerf}nf` |bznem (]OK! s& >2;.&

88& \bzsefs zb`ns}bzbm cez SK] |rz|esbs grs} ibb| craa kfm }zrb zboezmsec kaa }zkfsko}nefs (SK] Ko} ;>0:! s&;3.&

Rfmbza~nf` meorgbf}k}nef (]eZ K&:&:.

8>& Cez oeg|kfnbs! |kz}fbzshn|s kfm }zrs}s }hb zb{rnzbgbf} }e gknf}knfzboezms rfmbz }hb }kx akp nfoarmbs }hb gknf}bfkfob ec anfinf` meorgbf}s!phnoh kzb meorgbf}s mzkpf r| shepnf` }hb okaorak}nefs anfinf` }hb zboezms}e }hb cnfkfonka kooerf}s (]OK! s& 883.& ]hb zb{rnzbgbf} ef |bzsefs zb`'

ns}bzbm cez SK] |rz|esbs }e ibb| craa kfm }zrb zboezms ec kaa }zkfsko}nefs


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :0:! s& ;3.&

2'~bkz zb}bf}nef s}kfmkzm(]eZ K&:&?.

>>< (s&:.. ns 3 ~bkzs& Fbn}hbz |kz}fbzshn| akp fez `bfbzka }zrs} akp |zbsoznjbkf~ zb}bf}nef |bznem nf }hb oksb ec }zrs}bbs }hb ejan`k}nef ns }e ibb| |ze|bzkooerf}s kfm }e |zemrob }hbsb }e k jbfbcnonkz~ phbf zb{rnzbm& Ohkzn}kjab}zrs}s pnaa jb zb{rnzbm }e zb}knf jeeis ec kooerf} cez k |bznem ec 3 ~bkzs kc}bz}hb bfm ec }hb kooerf}nf` ~bkz (Ohkzn}nbs Ko} :


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :=& ]hb Obf}zka Jkfi kase ng|esbs `bfbzka zboezm'ibb|nf` ejan`k}nefsnf zbak}nef }e kaa jeeis kfm zboezms (nfoarmnf` kooerf}nf` zboezms. hbam j~zb`rak}bm cnfkfonka sbznobs |zenmbzs& Zboezms oefobzfnf` nfmnnmrka }zkfs'ko}nefs grs} jb gknf}knfbm cez k} abks} 3 ~bkzs kc}bz }hb mk}b ec }hb }zkfsko}nef(Oefsrgbz \ze}bo}nef Oemb nssrbm j~ }hb Obf}zka Jkfi.&

>2& Nznsh Zbbfrb hks |zenmbm jkfi nfcezgk}nef ef bbz~ eooksnef }hk}n} hks jbbf zb{rbs}bm nf }hb |zbners ? ~bkzs&

Mb}bzgnfk}nef kfm cko}ezs rfmbza~nf` zboeggbfmk}nefs

\hksb ; Mb}bzgnfk}nef

]hb babgbf} ns nf |akob&

\hksb : Zk}nf`]e jb cnfkansbm ks seef ks k zb|zbsbf}k}nb srjsb} ec |hksb : zbnbps ns

oeg|ab}b&


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :;:K ec }hb ]OK& _bo}nef >


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :08. (BR Gr}rka Kssns}kfob Mnzbo}nb.! Nznsh Zbbfrb ns mbcnfbm ks}hb oeg|b}bf} kr}hezn}~& Nf |zko}nob! Nznsh Zbbfrbs bxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nefzb{rbs}s kzb hkfmabm j~ k jzkfoh ec n}s Nf}bzfk}nefka _bo}nef& ]hb jzkfohsmr}nbs! nf kmmn}nef }e oeg|b}bf} kr}hezn}~ pezi zbak}bm }e bxohkf`b'ec'nfcez'gk}nef kfm }zkfscbz |znonf`! nfoarmb }hb fb`e}nk}nef ec segb merjab }kxk}nef


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :0 kjeb. jr} zk}hbz sng|a~ ksis cez }hb nfcezgk}nef&Ef eooksnef! }hb |bzsef oefobzfbm hks {rbznbm phk} bxko}a~ pks oebzbmj~ }hbsb |zensnefs ks }hb~ pbzb fe} ckgnankz pn}h bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef

|zeobmrzbs ez }hb~ pkf}bm crz}hbz nfcezgk}nef ef }hb ab`ka jksns kaaepnf` cezsroh zb{rbs}s& Nf sroh oksbs! phbf k crz}hbz bx|akfk}nef pks |zenmbm kfmkooeg|kfnbm phbzb fbobsskz~ j~ k oe|~ ec }hb zbabkf} ab`nsak}nef%nfs}zr'gbf}! }hb nfcezgk}nef hks jbbf cez}hoegnf`&

Epfbzshn| kfm nmbf}n}~ nfcezgk}nef (]eZ J&;&;.

;;>& Epfbzshn| nfcezgk}nef nf zbs|bo} ec oeg|kfnbs ns |rjanoa~ kknakjabpn}h }hb OZE kfm Zbbfrb hks mnzbo} koobss& Nfmbbm! k} abks} efb ec Nzbakfmsbxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nef |kz}fbzs srjsoznjbs }e }hb OZE kfm se mebs fe}

fbbm }e nssrb kf nfcezgk}nef zb{rbs} }e Nznsh Zbbfrb nf ezmbz }e ej}knfsroh nfcezgk}nef& Epfbzshn| kfm nmbf}n}~ nfcezgk}nef zb`kzmnf` }zrs}s kfm

|kz}fbzshn|s }hk} okzz~ ef kf ko}nn}~ nf Nzbakfm kzb `bfbzkaa~ cnabm pn}h NznshZbbfrb&

Kooerf}nf` zboezms (]eZ J&;&:.

;:


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :;:K ec }hb ]OK pks nf}zemrobm nf :


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O& Bxohkf`nf` Nfcezgk}nef

Ebznbp

;? merjab }kx oefbf}nefs (snxec phnoh kzb fe} ~b} nf cezob jr} kzb nf }hb |zeobss ec jbnf` zk}ncnbm. kfm ;2

}kx nfcezgk}nef bxohkf`b k`zbbgbf}s (bn`h} ec phnoh kzb fe} nf cezob jr} kzbnf }hb |zeobss ec jbnf` zk}ncnbm.& ]hzbb ec }hb M]Os (Krs}znk! Jba`nrg kfmArxbgjerz`. me fe} |zenmb cez bccbo}nb bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef ks k zbsra}ec angn}k}nefs ef bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef nf }hb |kz}fbz drznsmno}nefs kfm efbec }hbg (_pn}tbzakfm. mebs fe} |zenmb cez bccbo}nb bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nefmrb }e }hb kjsbfob ec kf bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef |zensnef&3 Nzbakfms M]Opn}h }hb Fb}hbzakfms oef}knfs k angn}k}nef zb`kzmnf` }hb bxohkf`b ec jkfinfcezgk}nef! hepbbz! }hns angn}k}nef ns ebzoegb j~ }hb k||anok}nef ec }hbBR Gr}rka Kssns}kfob Mnzbo}nb& Ks eambz }zbk}nbs kzb zbfb`e}nk}bm }hb |zen'snefs zb`kzmnf` bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef kzb r|mk}bm ks k gk}}bz ec oerzsb&

;?:& Nzbakfms fb}pezi ec nfcezgk}nef bxohkf`b k`zbbgbf}s oebz n}s zba'bkf} |kz}fbzs nfoarmnf` BR kfm EBOM gbgjbz s}k}bs kfm n}s ;2 ]NBKs oebzgkf~ ec }hb gkdez cnfkfonka obf}zbs! nfoarmnf` drznsmno}nefs sroh ks }hb OhkffbaNsakfms kfm }hb Nsab ec Gkf& Nzbakfm hks fe} zbcrsbm }e bf}bz nf}e kf bxohkf`b ecnfcezgk}nef k`zbbgbf} pn}h kf~ @aejka Cezrg gbgjbz&

3& K |ze}eoea }e kgbfm }hb Krs}znkf M]O }e nfoarmb kf bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef

kz}noab }hk} gbb}s }hb EBOM s}kfmkzm hks jbbf sn`fbm& Fb`e}nk}nefs cez |ze}eoeas

}e kgbfm }hb Jba`nkf kfm _pnss M]Os }e bfsrzb }hb~ gbb} }hb EBOM s}kfmkzm

hkb jbbf oefoarmbm kfm n} ns bx|bo}bm }hk} }hb~ pnaa jb sn`fbm shez}a~&


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :0


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :.

;=2& Nzbakfm hks nf |akob }hb ab`ka kfm zb`rak}ez~ czkgbpezi fbobsskz~ }e`nb bccbo} }e n}s k`zbbgbf}s cez }hb bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef&




\hksb : Zk}nf`

]e jb cnfkansbm ks seef ks k zb|zbsbf}k}nb srjsb} ec |hksb : zbnbps ns

oeg|ab}bm&

Cko}ezs rfmbza~nf` zboeggbfmk}nefs Zboeggbfmk}nefsK sn`fncnokf} frgjbz ec k`zbbgbf}s

cez }hb bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef sn`fbm

ebz }hb |ks} ;8 gef}hs kzb fe} ~b}

nf cezob kfm hkb fe} jbbf zk}ncnbm j~

Nzbakfm&

Nzbakfm sheram bfsrzb }hk} n}s

bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef gbohkfnsgs

kzb jzer`h} nf}e cezob ks {rnoia~ ks

|essnjab&

O&:& Bxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nef gbohkfnsgs pn}h kaa zbabkf} |kz}fbzs

;=3& Nzbakfm hks fe} zbcrsbm }e bf}bz nf}e kf nfcezgk}nef bxohkf`b k`zbb'gbf} pn}h kf~ drznsmno}nef }hk} hks zb{rbs}bm efb& Nzbakfm ns orzzbf}a~ }z~nf`}e bx|kfm n}s }zbk}~ jksb jb~efm orzzbf} zbabkf} |kz}fbzs nf ezmbz }e ozbk}be||ez}rfn}nbs cez nfbs}gbf} kfm bfhkfob zbak}nefshn|s pn}h! cez bxkg|ab!bgbz`nf` boefegnbs& Nzbakfm zb|ez}s }hk} fbè}nk}nefs cez fbp k`zbbgbf}spn}h Kzgbfnk! Irpkn}! Gef}bfb`ze! _krmn Kzkjnk! _nf`k|ezb kfm ]hknakfm

hkb jbbf oefoarmbm& Fbè}nk}nefs cez fbp k`zbbgbf}s pn}h }hb ceaaepnf`drznsmno}nefs kzb k} kzners s}k`bs4 Kz`bf}nfk! Ktbzjkndkf! B`~|}! ]rfnsnk! kfmRizknfb& Nf kmmn}nef! fbè}nk}nefs cez }hb zbnsnef ec }hb bxns}nf` k`zbbgbf}pn}h @bzgkf~ (sb|kzk}b czeg }hb zbobf}a~ sn`fbm |ze}eoea. hkb oefoarmbmkfm fbè}nk}nefs kzb k} kzners s}k`bs cez }hb zbnsnef ec bxns}nf` k`zbbgbf}spn}h O~|zrs! Czkfob! N}ka~! Iezbk kfm \kins}kf& Cnfkaa~! fbè}nk}nefs cez]NBKs pn}h Jbantb! Megnfnok kfm @zbfkmk hkb jbbf oefoarmbm kfm fbè}nk'}nefs cez ]NBKs pn}h Oes}k Znok kfm ]hb Jkhkgks kzb efènf`&

]hb drznsmno}nefs fb}pezi ec nfcezgk}nef bxohkf`b gbohkfnsgs sheram oebz

kaa zbabkf} |kz}fbzs&


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :3?! phnoh okzznbs k gkxngrg|bfka}~ ec sbbf ~bkzs nf |znsef& Nf kmmn}nef! }hb eccnonka nfeabm peram jbsrjdbo} }e mnson|anfkz~ gbksrzbs ks sb} mepf nf }hb Onna _bznob Mnson|anfkz~Oemb r| }e kfm nfoarmnf` mnsgnsska&

Kaa e}hbz nfcezgk}nef bxohkf`bm(]eZ O&?&:.

;22& Kaa oeggrfnok}nefs jb}pbbf Nznsh Zbbfrb kfm kf bxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nef |kz}fbz kzb }zbk}bm ks oefcnmbf}nka nf }hb skgb pk~ ks nfcezgk'}nef zbobnbm rfmbz kf bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef gbohkfnsg&




\hksb : Zk}nf`

]e jb cnfkansbm ks seef ks k zb|zbsbf}k}nb srjsb} ec |hksb : zbnbps ns

oeg|ab}bm&


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :< mk~s (]eZ O&2&;.

;20& Ebz }hb |bznem :


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :;2>& Phbzb }hb zb{rbs}bm nfcezgk}nef ns fe} kknakjab nf Nznsh Zbbfrbscnabs ez |rjanoa~ kknakjab! }pe ks|bo}s ec Nznsh Zbbfrbs |ks} |zko}nob gk~hkb oef}znjr}bm }e mbak~s& Cnzs}! }hbzb pks }hb |zko}nob bx|aknfbm nf |kzk'`zk|h ;;= ec oef}ko}nf` }hb zb{rbs}nf` s}k}b }e ksi phb}hbz n} pks koob|}kjab}e }hb zb{rbs}nf` s}k}b cez Nznsh Zbbfrb }e oef}ko} }hb |bzsef nf |essbssnefec }hb nfcezgk}nef& ]hbzb pks ec}bf k mbak~ jbcezb }hns oezzbs|efmbfob pkszbs|efmbm }e& ]hns |zko}nob pks ohkf`bm nf :


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;30& ]hb zbak}nefshn| nf {rbs}nef ns kf ng|ez}kf} efb& N} ns }hb nbp ec }hbkssbssgbf} }bkg }hk} }hb mnccnora}nbs zb|ez}bm nf }hns oksb me fe} s}bg czegkf~ cknanf` ec Nzbakfms ab`ka kfm zb`rak}ez~ czkgbpezi! fez czeg kf~ akoi ecèempnaa ez mbcnon} ec zbserzobs& _egb ec }hb nssrbs me zbak}b }e kzbks phbzb

Nznsh Zbbfrb ns kazbkm~ ng|zenf` n}s |zeobmrzbs4 mnzbo} k||zekoh }e }hnzm|kz}nbs zk}hbz }hkf nfmnzbo} }hzer`h anknsef eccnobz9 bs}kjanshnf` }bzgs pn}hbxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nef |kz}fbz nf }hb koifepabm`bgbf} ab}}bz9 sbfmnf`nf}bzng zb|a~ pn}hnf >< mk~s nf kaa oksbs& Jb~efm }hbsb bccez}s! Nznsh Zbbfrbsheram me bbz~}hnf` n} okf }e ng|zeb n}s oeggrfnok}nef pn}h }hns |kz}fbzkfm bfsrzb }hk} n} ns zbs|efmnf` }e }hb zb{rbs}s zbobnbm k||ze|znk}ba~ kfm nfk }ngba~ ckshnef& Nf }hns zb`kzm! n} peram jb bx}zbgba~ jbfbcnonka nc cbbmjkoiczeg }hb bxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nef |kz}fbz pbzb |zenmbm zb`rakza~&0

Ez`kfnsk}nefka |zeobss kfm zbserzobs (]eZ O&2&:.;38& Rfmbz Nzbakfms M]Os kfm ]NBKs! ks pbaa ks rfmbz }hb BR Gr}rkaKssns}kfob Mnzbo}nb! Nznsh Zbbfrb ns mbcnfbm ks }hb oeg|b}bf} kr}hezn}~& Nf|zko}nob! Nznsh Zbbfrbs bxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nef zb{rbs}s kzb hkfmabm j~ kjzkfoh ec n}s Nf}bzfk}nefka _bo}nef& ]hb jzkfohs mr}nbs! nf kmmn}nef }e oeg|b'}bf} kr}hezn}~ pezi zbak}bm }e bxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nef kfm }zkfscbz |znonf`!nfoarmb }hb fbè}nk}nef ec segb merjab }kxk}nef }zbk}nbs kfm zer}nfb }zbk}~nf}bz|zb}k}nefs& ]hb jzkfoh kase k}}bfms EBOM kfm BR gbb}nf`s zbak}nf` }ebxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef kfm }zkfscbz'|znonf`& ]hb jzkfoh ns oeg|znsbm ec =

s}kcc kfm efb |bzsef phesb mr}nbs kzb s|an} pn}h }hb e}hbz jzkfoh pn}hnf }hbNf}bzfk}nefka _bo}nef& Bkoh |bzsef nf }hb jzkfoh hks jb}pbbf = ~bkzs kfm ;& ]hb s}kcc hkfmanf` bxohkf`b'ec'nfcezgk}nef zb{rbs}s nf}bznbpbm j~}hb kssbssgbf} }bkg pbzb hn`ha~ |zecbssnefka nf }hbnz k||zekoh }e }hbnz pezi!oeg|b}bf} kfm ifepabm`bkjab& ]hbnz mbmnok}nef }e ces}bznf` k oe'e|bzk}nbbfnzefgbf} pks zbcabo}bm nf }hb e|nfnefs ec }hbnz |bbzs kfm nf }hbnz }zkfs|kz'bf} kfm kooeggemk}nf` k||zekoh }e }hb |bbz zbnbp |zeobss `bfbzkaa~& NznshZbbfrb oabkza~ |znezn}ntbs nf}bzfk}nefka oe'e|bzk}nef kfm hks mbe}bm }hbzbserzobs fbobsskz~ }e bfsrzb bccbo}nb bxohkf`b ec nfcezgk}nef&

0& _nfob }hb zbnbp pks oeg|ab}bm Nznsh Zbbfrb hks èfb }hzer`h n}s cnabs pn}h }hns

BEN |kz}fbz kfm kaa er}s}kfmnf` nssrbs hkb jbbf zbseabm sk}nscko}ezna~&


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :< mk~s nf kaa oksbs&


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :< mk~s nf

kaa oksbs&


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM : Dk|kf M]O ;8&0= 0=

=< Dbzsb~ ]NBK :3&


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :>2 ::&;:&;>>2

28 \ez}r`ka M]O ;&>? ;;&>=

2> Zegkfnk M]O :;&;>> :>&;:&:= 2

3; _kgek ]NBK


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Kffbx ?4 Ans} ec Akps! Zb`rak}nefs

kfm E}hbz Gk}bznka Zbobnbm

]kx akp! zb`rak}nefs kfm e}hbz gk}bznka

]kxbs Oefseanmk}nef Ko} ;>>0

Cnfkfob Ko} ;>83

Cnfkfob Ko} ;>80

SK] Ko} ;>0:

Zbbfrb Oemb ec B}hnos

Nfcezgk}nef Fe}b ef }hb Bxohkf`b ec Nfcezgk}nef pn}h Cezbn`f ]kxKmgnfns}zk}ezs (Nssrbm j~ Nf}bzfk}nefka ]kx Jzkfoh.

Nznsh Zbbfrb Cezg ;;C OZE

]hb Brze|bkf Oeggrfn}nbs (Brze|bkf \rjano Angn}bm Ankjnan}~ Oeg|kf~.Zb`rak}nefs :00 oefobzfnf` gr}rkakssns}kfob j~ }hb oeg|b}bf} kr}hezn}nbs ec }hb Gbgjbz _}k}bs nf }hb cnbam ecmnzbo} }kxk}nef (BR Gr}rka Kssns}kfob Mnzbo}nb.

BR Oerfona Mnzbo}nb :


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\BBZ ZBSNBP ZB\EZ] OEGJNFBM \HK_B ; KFM \HK_B : ZB\EZ] NZBAKFM EBOM :3? }e :08

Cnfbs Ko} :


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EZ@KFN_K]NEF CEZ BOEFEGNO OE'E\BZK]NEF

KFM MBSBAE\GBF]

]hb EBOM ns k rfn{rb cezrg phbzb èbzfgbf}s pezi }e`b}hbz }e kmmzbss }hb

boefegno! seonka kfm bfnzefgbf}ka ohkaabf`bs ec àejkansk}nef& ]hb EBOM ns kase k} }hb

cezbczef} ec bccez}s }e rfmbzs}kfm kfm }e hba| èbzfgbf}s zbs|efm }e fbp mbbae|gbf}s

kfm oefobzfs! sroh ks oez|ezk}b ebzfkfob! }hb nfcezgk}nef boefeg~ kfm }hb ohkaabf`bs ec

kf k`bnf` |e|rak}nef& ]hb Ez`kfnsk}nef |zenmbs k sb}}nf` phbzb èbzfgbf}s okf oeg|kzb|eano~ bx|bznbfobs! sbbi kfspbzs }e oeggef |zejabgs! nmbf}nc~ èem |zko}nob kfm pezi }e

oe'ezmnfk}b megbs}no kfm nf}bzfk}nefka |eanonbs&

]hb EBOM gbgjbz oerf}znbs kzb4 Krs}zkank! Krs}znk! Jba`nrg! Okfkmk! Ohnab! }hb

Otboh Zb|rjano! Mbfgkzi! Bs}efnk! Cnfakfm! Czkfob! @bzgkf~! @zbbob! Hrf`kz~! Nobakfm! Nzbakfm!

Nszkba! N}ka~! Dk|kf! Iezbk! Arxbgjerz`! Gbxnoe! }hb Fb}hbzakfms! Fbp Tbkakfm! Fezpk~! \eakfm!

\ez}r`ka! }hb _aeki Zb|rjano! _aebfnk! _|knf! _pbmbf! _pn}tbzakfm! ]rzib~! }hb Rfn}bm Inf`meg

kfm }hb Rfn}bm _}k}bs& ]hb Brze|bkf Oeggnssnef }kibs |kz} nf }hb pezi ec }hb EBOM&

EBOM \rjanshnf` mnssbgnfk}bs pnmba~ }hb zbsra}s ec }hb Ez`kfnsk}nefs s}k}ns}nos k}hbznf`

kfm zbsbkzoh ef boefegno! seonka kfm bfnzefgbf}ka nssrbs! ks pbaa ks }hb oefbf}nefs!`rnmbanfbs kfm s}kfmkzms k`zbbm j~ n}s gbgjbzs&

EBOM \RJAN_HNF@! :! zrb Kfmz'\ksoka! 02002 \KZN_ OBMBX ;3

(:? ::; :


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@aejka Cezrg ef ]zkfs|kzbfo~ kfm Bxohkf`b ec Nfcezgk}nef

cez ]kx \rz|esbs

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Peer Review Report of Ireland - Combined Phase 1 + Phase 2

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Transcript of Peer Review Report of Ireland - Combined Phase 1 + Phase 2