�� 2003-2004 ��24

�� !Our Water

• �� !"#Assured purity

• �� !Quality monitoring

• �� !"Advisory committee

• �� Dongjiang water

• �� !Local resource

• �� !"Development for new water source

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WSD ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 25

�� 2003-2004 ��26

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WSD ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 27

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Impounding reservoir providing storage for water collected from local rainfall.

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Staff inspecting the major mains for conveyance of Dongjiang water.

Assured purityProduced in accordance with theinternationally recognizedguidelines of the World HealthOrganisation (WHO), Hong Kong’sfresh water is fully potable when itleaves WSD treatment works.

There could be problems thoughwhen it comes off consumer’s taps,largely of discolouration, duemainly to improper maintenanceof internal plumbing systems.

As a means to help deal with thesituation, the WSD has beencarrying out a scheme that givesrecognition to efforts made byowners of buildings and theiragents in keeping their plumbingsystems in good condition.

With the endorsement of theAdvisory Committee on the Qualityof Water Supplies, certificates ofrecognition are awarded on ayearly basis to all those whocomply with the requirements of avoluntary Fresh Water PlumbingQuality Maintenance RecognitionScheme that began in 2002.

Since then more than 1200 suchcertificates have been issuedbenefiting some 300 000registered users by the end ofMarch 2004 and rapid growth ofthese figures is still taking place.

Quality monitoringIn complying with WHO

guidelines, stringent tests andmonitoring are carried outthroughout the treatmentprocess and supply system,covering physical, chemical,biological and bacteriologicalanalyses.

Samples are taken regularly fromselected points and at randomlocations throughout thedistribution system for analyseswith the use of advancedinstruments under strict qualitycontrol protocol.

Some 172 000 samples weretaken in the year for examinationfrom catchments, intakes,pumping stations receivingDongjiang water, impounding andservice reservoirs, water treatmentworks, distribution systems andconsumers taps.

Advisory committeeSo that the public may take adirect interest in the works relatedto water quality, an AdvisoryCommittee on the Quality of WaterSupplies (ACQWS) was establishedin early 2000.

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2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

�� !"#$%Annual Quantity of Guangdong Water Supply

�� Year

214

205

211

218

173

156

215

208

229

240

974

949

940

924

911

916

913

928

919

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�� !"#$Price of Guangdong Water

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3.085 Provisional ��

Provisional ��

Provisional ��

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3.085

3.085

3.085

3.085

3.085

2.839

2.613

2.405

2.160

1.940

1.1.2004

1.1.2003

1.1.2002

1.1.2001

1.1.2000

1.1.1999

1.1.1998

1.1.1997

1.1.1996

1.1.1995

1.1.1994

760

744

729

706

738

760

698

720

690

683

WSD ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 29

Chaired by Mr. Kenneth H Fang,GBS, JP and with the Director ofWater Supplies serving as ViceChairman, the Committeecomprises 18 members includinggovernment officials, membersfrom local districts and greengroups, academics andprofessionals. Two meetings wereheld during the year to discusssuch matters as water quality inbuildings, release of data on waterquality and planning strategy forresources. Also, members wereinvited to visit the Guangdongprovince in October for first handobservation of the progress beingmade in the Dongjiang watersupply improvement works projectand pollution abatement measures.Members expressed satisfactionwith the progress being made inimproving the quality of raw water.

Dongjiang waterHong Kong’s main supply of rawwater, about 70-80 percent, comesfrom Dongjiang (the East River) byarrangement with the Guangdongauthorities. Some 760 million cubicmeters of water was received thisyear at a cost of $3.085 per cu.m.Matters of price, quality assuranceand flexibility of supply, togetherwith progress of work on theclosed aqueduct project, are

regularly discussed between therelevant authorities.

With the closed aqueduct system,which is designed to bypass allsources of pollution on the supplyroute between the Dongjiangintake and the Shenzhen Reservoir,there has been a markedimprovement in Dongjiang waterquality since the system operationin June 2003.

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Close monitoring of Giardia and Cryptosporidium parasites throughmicroscopic system.

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A part of the Dongjiang – Shenzhen closedaqueduct.

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WSD ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 31

Eco balanceFor ecological balance of waterbodies and as an effective meansof promoting water quality –various types of fish are regularlyreleased in impounding reservoirs.

Some quarter million fish fry, suchas silver carp, mud carp and bighead were released in Plover Cove,Tai Lam Chung, Jubilee, Lower SingMun and Aberdeen reservoirsduring the year.

On-line monitoringOn-line ammonia analysers havebeen in use to monitor the qualityof incoming Dongjiang water atthe Muk Wu Pumping Stations.The continuous monitoring of keywater quality parameters, includingturbidity, pH, chlorine residual andfluoride at water treatment works,improves the entire systemaccuracy and efficiency.

Quality dataFor public interest, water qualitydata are published on the internetregularly in June and December.Data on Dongjiang water receivedat the Muk Wu Pumping Stationsas well as treated water includephysical parameters, chemicalparameters of health significanceand bacteriological quality.

Close monitoring showed no signof the presence of any Giardia andCryptosporidium parasites.

�� !"#No. of Samples Taken

157,673

150,264

172,100

178,519

170,309

162,802

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03/04

02/03

01/02

00/01

99/00

98/99

03/04

02/03

01/02

00/01

99/00

�� !"#$%&'(!)Average Ammonia and Manganese Levels in Dongjiang Water

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0.150.05

0.950.11

0.890.13

0.690.15

�� Ammonia � Manganese

0.840.13

�� !" Mg/L

Local resourceApart from Dongjiang, watercollected in a vast network ofcatchments and impoundingreservoirs locally from rainfallmakes up the rest of the rawwater supply to Hong Kong, withthe quantity of storagedepending on seasonal yield. In

the past year, the yield from1 941 mm of rainfall came to 252million cubic metres, which was0.1 per cent higher than theprevious year. To protect thisprecious local resource frompollution, close control is kept ofdevelopment activities withinwater gathering grounds.

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�� Annual Yield

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2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

�� Annual Rainfall

1,941.9

2,490.0

3,091.8

2,752.3

2,129.1

2,564.6

3,343.0

2,249.1

2,754.4

2,725.6

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2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

252.667

252.401

301.464

260.758

106.367

237.933

224.239

187.659

302.481

276.925

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OurWater�� !

WSD ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 33

Timely informationTo replace its existing facility,tenders have been awarded for thesupply of a new LaboratoryInformation Management System.The new system is due forcompletion by the end of 2004and will result in more efficientoperations and data managementand timely dissemination of waterquality information.

Water distributionfor allWith fresh piped water nowreaching nearly all the people,work continues, where feasible, onsupplying it to the remaining fewwho live in scattered remote areas.

Sea water for flushing is suppliedto about 80 per cent of thepopulation, but will in time beextended, if possible, to such areasas part of the Southern District, TinShui Wai, Yuen Long and NorthLantau. For the present, mainswater is used for flushing in areasthat are away from the sea frontand in sparsely populated areas.

Sea water used for toilet flushing istreated according to WSD qualityobjectives and is regularlymonitored. And, to avoid algaegrowth and prevent unauthorisedaccess, covers are being placed onsea water service reservoirs.

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Using pilot plant for water treatment to help determine the optimal process.

�� 2003-2004 ��34

2003-2023�� !"#$Fresh Water Demand Forecast Projection 2003-2023

1990

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2004�� 2004 Forecast

2003�� 2003 Forecast

700

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A sample of membrane tube used in the desalination pilot plant at Tuen Mun.

OurWater�� !

WSD ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 35

2003��� !"!#$%"!&'()*Annual Fresh Water Consumption (By Sectors) 2003

52.5%

�� !Domestic

�� !Industries

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7.9%

24%

5.3%

1.8%8.4%

�� !"!#$%"!&'()*Annual Fresh Water Consumption (By Sectors)�� !" Million Cubic Metres

�� ! �� �� ���� �� ! �� ! �� ! �� ! �� ! �� ! �� !Year Domestic Industries Service Free Construction TMF Total Fresh Water

Trade Supply & Shipping Consumption

1994 370 171 216 40 20 106 923

1995 383 145 221 44 23 103 919

1996 406 137 229 44 28 84 928

1997 419 120 228 40 28 78 913

1998 436 104 232 41 25 78 916

1999 441 95 235 43 24 73 911

2000 447 91 241 43 28 74 924

2001 468 83 242 43 27 77 940

2002 479 82 241 44 24 79 949

2003 511 77 234 52 18 82 974

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Notes : All consumption figures include unaccounted-for water. TMF – Temporary Mains Flushing

�� Percentage

Development for newwater sourceThe suitability and cost-effectiveness of desalination of seawater is being considered under apilot plant project for possibledevelopment locally.

In other areas of activity: a pilotscheme will be launched at NgongPing to look into the possibility ofreusing treated sewage effluent fortoilet flushing and irrigationpurposes, and work continues incooperation with the otherdepartments on a pilot scheme forthe wider use of fresh water-cooled air conditioning systems.