Nutritionand

Weight Management

Lecture ObjectivesLecture Objectives

1. Explain the significance of dietary reference intakes and daily values.

2. Discuss dietary changes that most Americans need to make.

3. Discuss dietary challenges for special populations, including: vegetarians, women, men, older adults, and athletes.

4. Explain how to use food labels to make informed choices about food.

5. Describe positives and negatives of taking supplements and which groups might benefit from supplements and why.

6. Discuss factors that contribute to excess body fat.

7. Explain the energy balance equation.

Nutritional Guidelines: Nutritional Guidelines: Planning Your DietPlanning Your Diet

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and Daily Values

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Food Guide Pyramid

Dietary Guidelines for Dietary Guidelines for AmericansAmericans

Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and milk products

Fats Carbohydrates Little salt Potassium-rich foods Alcoholic beverages, do so in

moderation, in situations that do not put yourself or others at risk

Nutrient DensityNutrient Density

Leading Sources of Calories Leading Sources of Calories in the American Dietin the American Diet

1. Regular soft drinks (7.1% of total calories) 2. Cake, sweet rolls, doughnuts, pastries (3.6%) 3. Hamburgers, cheeseburgers, meat loaf (3.1%) 4. Pizza (3.1%) 5. Potato chips, corn chips, popcorn (2.9%) 6. Rice (2.7%) 7. Rolls, buns, English muffins, bagels (2.7%) 8. Cheese or cheese spread (2.6%) 9. Beer (2.6%)10. French fries, fried potatoes (2.2%)

Source: Block, G. 2004. Foods contributing to energy intake in the U.S.: Data from NHANES III and NHANES 1999–2000. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 17: 439–447.

MyPyramid.govMyPyramid.gov

Vegetarian Food PyramidVegetarian Food Pyramid

Vegetarian Diets and HealthVegetarian Diets and Health

Lower in:saturated fatcholesterol

Higher in:complex carbohydratesfiberfolatevitamins C and Ecarotenoidsphytochemicals

Concerns:vitamin B-12vitamin Dcalcium ironzinc

Dietary Challenges for Dietary Challenges for Special Population GroupsSpecial Population Groups Women Men College students

See pg. 255, Eating Strategies for College Students

Older adults Athletes

People with special health concerns, discuss with physician or dietitian.

Nutritional Planning: Making Nutritional Planning: Making Informed Choices About FoodInformed Choices About Food

Food labels

Dietary supplements

Organic food

FoodFoodLabelsLabels

Read labels to learn more about your food choices.

Dietary SupplementsDietary Supplements

May contain powerful bioactive chemicals

Not regulated the way drugs are by the FDA in terms of testing and manufacture

May interact with prescription and over-the-counter drugs and supplements

Should you take supplements?

Organic FoodsOrganic Foods

Organic foods tend to have lower levels of pesticide residues than conventionally grown crops

Organic

A Personal Plan:A Personal Plan:Applying Nutritional PrinciplesApplying Nutritional Principles

Assess your current diet

Set goals for change

Try additions and substitutions to bring your current diet closer to your goals

Plan ahead for challenging situations

Weight ManagementWeight Management Obesity has doubled since Obesity has doubled since 19601960

At current rates, all At current rates, all American adults will be American adults will be overweight by 2030overweight by 2030

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Factors Contributing to Factors Contributing to Excess Body FatExcess Body Fat

Genetic factorsGenetic factors Physiological Physiological

factorsfactors Metabolic rateMetabolic rate HormonesHormones Yo-yo dietingYo-yo dieting

Lifestyle factorsLifestyle factors EatingEating Physical activityPhysical activity Psychological factorsPsychological factors

Energy-Balance EquationEnergy-Balance Equation

Lecture SummaryLecture Summary1.1. Explain the significance of dietary reference Explain the significance of dietary reference

intakes and daily values.intakes and daily values.

2.2. Discuss dietary changes that most Americans need Discuss dietary changes that most Americans need to make.to make.

3.3. Discuss dietary challenges for special populations, Discuss dietary challenges for special populations, including: vegetarians, women, men, older adults, and including: vegetarians, women, men, older adults, and athletes.athletes.

4.4. Explain how to use food labels to make informed choices Explain how to use food labels to make informed choices about food.about food.

5.5. Describe positives and negatives of taking supplements Describe positives and negatives of taking supplements and which groups might benefit from supplements and and which groups might benefit from supplements and why.why.

6.6. Discuss factors that contribute to excess body fat.Discuss factors that contribute to excess body fat.

7.7. Explain the energy balance equation.Explain the energy balance equation.