1pd, PAC 2005

MICEMuon Ionisation Cooling Experiment

Paul DrummRutherford Appleton Laboratory

19th May 2005

2pd, PAC 2005

The Neutrino Factory

e e +

Decay

Asia

Europe

America

Factor of 10 in performance

3pd, PAC 2005

• Benefits:– Small apertures

lower cost/higher performance

• Challenges:– Must be fast (2.2 µs muon lifetime)– Must be safe & practical

• Cooling:– …is 25% of the cost of a Neutrino Factory– …gives a factor of 10 in performance– …has never been done before– …has the challenge to combine liquid

hydrogen, high-gradient RF power, and intense beams!

Ionisation Cooling

4pd, PAC 2005

Cooling Channel

SC-SolenoidCryogenic AbsorberRF -Cavities

Beam

Large Emittance

Beam

Small Emittance

Cooling Heating

long radiation length hydrogen

strong focus

One Cooling CellOne Cooling Cell

5pd, PAC 2005

MICE

DetectorsSC-SolenoidCryogenic AbsorberRF -Cavities Diffuser

EU design study 44/88 MHz; US design study 201 MHz MICE Reproduces part of US “study II” channel: 201 MHz

Bz

Proof of principle•Engineering•Safety•Performance

Proof of principle•Engineering•Safety•Performance

6pd, PAC 2005

…MICET

oF

Che

renk

ov

Cal

orim

eter

FocusCoils

CouplingCoils

LiquidHydrogenAbsorbers

RFCavities

Tracking Spectrometers

MatchingCoils

Beam Diffuser

7pd, PAC 2005

Performance aims

(figure from proposal)

initial large emittance – coolinginitial small emittance – heating

Aim for a 10% cooling effect; measure out/in to an accuracy of 10-3

(No RF focusingin MICE)

8pd, PAC 2005

Step I: Spring 2007

Step II

Step III

Step IV

Step V

Step VI 2009?

Study Systematically

9pd, PAC 2005

The long road…(some history)

• 2001 birth of MICE• 2002 LoI to PSI & RAL

– PSI:+ve but no, – RAL:yes requested a full proposal

• Early 2003 proposal to RAL – IPR (Astbury) panel– MICE-UK: PPRP

• Autumn 2003: CCLRC gave scientific approval based on recommendations of the IPRP & dependent on funding

• End 2003 MICE-UK went to “Gateway” (G1)– Mid 2004; ok but reservations on international funding…

• By late 2004:– Project costs & schedule reviewed– Phase 1 of project submitted to the “Gateway” (G2&3)– Passed by PPARC science committee ( aware of Phase 2)

• March 2005: MICE went through PPARC council; RCUK, and now (almost finally) CCLRC council ministerial announcement; MICE funded April 2005

2005: Phase 1 approval & funds in place

THE MICE COLLABORATION3 continents7 countries40 institute members140 individual members - Engineers & physicists

THE MICE COLLABORATION3 continents7 countries40 institute members140 individual members - Engineers & physicists

10pd, PAC 2005

MICE Phase 1

• Phase 1 builds:– The MICE muon beam line on ISIS/RAL – The tracking and particle ID systems

needed to measure the performance of the cooling channel

– Necessary R&D towards phase II• Phase 1 aims:

– Characterisation of the muon beam– Firm foundation for building the full

MICE channel assurance for the intl. funding agencies

11pd, PAC 2005

Imple

menti

ng

MIC

E o

n ISIS

MICE:1 Hz800 MeV~0.1 µA

ISIS:50 Hz800 MeV300 µA

12pd, PAC 2005

MICE Hall

Nimrod linac hallHEP test beam MICE

1950’s equipment

13pd, PAC 2005

Implementing MICE on ISIS

14pd, PAC 2005

Layout

15pd, PAC 2005

16pd, PAC 2005

MICE at phase 1

17pd, PAC 2005

An Overview

• MICE Components:– Target & Muon Beam - Decay solenoid– Tracking Detector– Absorber Module– RF-Cavity Module & RF power– Infrastructure

• cryo, pwr, ctrls, intlck, mech.

• MICE web:– http://www.mice.iit.edu

18pd, PAC 2005

Muon matching channel

MICE SpectrometerDecay Solenoid

Pion Capture

Target

• production & capture • Momentum selection• decay • momentum selection• matching section

• New target – “Straight-7” replaced• Reuse elements from HEP Test beam

(quads and dipoles)• SC-solenoid from PSI• Matching elements found

Beam line design

19pd, PAC 2005

Beam Line Elements

• supercritical helium…

20pd, PAC 2005

Every (MICE) home should have one…

21pd, PAC 2005

Schedule

Decay-Solenoidcommissioning

Key Milestone – WorkDuring Shutdown

2004 shutdown work

Cryogenics

PHASE 2PHASE 1

Criticalitems

22pd, PAC 2005

pattern recognition –systematic errorsevaluated with cosmic rays – stringent tests in B field planned

Scintillating fibre tracking detector

MICE trackerSpectrometer

23pd, PAC 2005

Tracking Detector

Model forKEK test Model forKEK test

Cosmic tests

Performance achievedlight output resolution

Performance achievedlight output resolution

24pd, PAC 2005

Absorbers & Hydrogen Safety20 l each absorberExplosive : 17% - 56%Flammable : 4% - 75%Ignition: 20mJ in airGas. Density: 6% of airLiq. Density: 7% of water

Particular problem of pumping- Oxygen plates out on cold surfaces & cannot be detected- ISIS LH2 moderator is surrounded by vacuum & an outer He layerIn order for a hydrogen fire to occur, an adequate concentration of hydrogen, the presence of an ignition source and the right amount of oxidizer (like oxygen) must be present at the same time. But we know accidents happen! e.g. defrosting a blockage with a hot air blower!?

In order for a hydrogen fire to occur, an adequate concentration of hydrogen, the presence of an ignition source and the right amount of oxidizer (like oxygen) must be present at the same time. But we know accidents happen! e.g. defrosting a blockage with a hot air blower!?

LH2

Vac-I

Vac-IIcold

warmO2 Un-detectable

O2 detectable

Argon shroud& ventilation

25pd, PAC 2005

H2

Storage unit

Ventilation duct

Radiationshieldingwall

H2

Buffer Tank

(1m3 approx)

H2 absorber

Vacuum jacket

Hydrogen storage tank

H2 absorber

H2 buffertank

Hydrogen system layout: metal hydride storage!

Venting turns out to be the most likely time for accidents

Venting turns out to be the most likely time for accidents

26pd, PAC 2005

MICE Cryogenics

• RAL/ISIS has no existing large cryogenic infrastructure

• MICE baseline design based on a central cryo-plant– Expensive

• as much as £2M! (TCF50~200W)

– Analysis: heat all goes in transfer pipes!

• A better way?– Cryocoolers = only a few watts at 4K!

27pd, PAC 2005

Cryo-coolers as alternatives• Solid state + closed loop helium• Careful thermal design of magnets and

absorber– Limit heat losses

• Cool down times made practical by using initial charge of LN2 & LHe – Cryo-cooler then maintains against heat leaks & keeps temperature– 8 hours with pre-cool– Days without!

• Decay solenoid – supercritical He - requires its own (small) refrigerator

28pd, PAC 2005

201 MHz Cavity R&D

0.38 mm thick, 420 mm dia.201 MHz

MUCOOL R&DCurved Be windows

29pd, PAC 2005

Emission in a magnetic field805 MHz cavity in B field

Enhanced field emission!

Need to see at 201 MHz

30pd, PAC 2005

2 MW Amplifier

2 MW Amplifier

Master OscillatorControls etc

201 MHz Cavity Module

2 MW Amplifier

2 MW Amplifier

201 MHz Cavity Module

LBNL

CERN300 kW Amplifier

300 kW Amplifier

300 kW Amplifier

300 kW Amplifier

HT Supplies

Los Alamos

HT Supplies

(4616)

(116)

RF Power Systemdependent on…

RF Power Systemdependent on…

31pd, PAC 2005

…refurbished RF kit…refurbished RF kit

Large devices!Baseline 8 MW – identified 4 × >2.5MW – subject to R&D

Large devices!Baseline 8 MW – identified 4 × >2.5MW – subject to R&D

TH 116 / TH170

UK

LBNL

32pd, PAC 2005

Remaining Phase I issues

• Money • Shielding• Quads• Decay solenoid• Tracker Solenoid • Funding of Phase II!• Money

– need to progress!

Reuse of old equipment

33pd, PAC 2005

Step I: Early 2007

Step II end 2007?

Step III

Step IV

Step V

Step VI 2009?

MICE phase 1

MICE phase 2

34pd, PAC 2005

Funding: How much do we need?

• MICE phase 1 estimated at £13M• UK Contribution ~ £10M

– Beam line+– Contributions to tracker– Progress towards phase II

• Significant International Contribution– Decay Solenoid+– Tracker detector– Tracker solenoid

35pd, PAC 2005

Funding Outlook• UK: funds for phase 1

– OST £7.5M (ink still wet!)– CCLRC (ASTeC ~£1.5M)– PPARC (~£1.5M)– Bid to PPARC for phase 2 (~£3M)

• US:– Through MUCOOL ($1.4M/3 years+…)– Other bids in progress O($2M)– Spectrometer, Cavities, Coupling Coil,– Absorber windows

• EU:– INFN bid to provide a spectrometer solenoid,

detectors– Switzerland (solenoid), Belgium, Netherlands, Italy– important contributions to (pi) detector systems, DAQ

• JP:– Tracker, KEK tests, absorber…

Funding Limited - Build on synergies withMuCool program

Situation not fully resolved beyond phase 1, but hopeful that MICE will run with a cavity module before end 2010

36pd, PAC 2005

…Finally

backed by an enthusiastic and confident collaboration…

watch this space…

MICE is off to a good start…… lots to do…