rogor movemzadoT erTiani erovnuli gamocdebisaTvis

l i t e r a t u r a

arCeviTi gamocda

2015

2

gamocdebis erovnuli centris qarTuli enisa da literaturis jgufi

sagamocdo krebuli warmoadgens `Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli cent-ris~ sakuTrebas da daculia saqarTvelos kanoniT _ `saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb~. `Sefasebisa da gamocdebis erovnuli centris~ nebarTvis ga-reSe dauSvebelia teqstSi raime cvlilebis Setana, reproduqcia, Targmna da sxva saSualebebiT (rogorc beWdviTi, aseve eleqtronuli formiT) gavrceleba, agreTve, ikrZaleba sagamocdo krebulebis gamoyeneba komerciuli miznebisaTvis.

3

s a r C e v i

Sesavali ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 sagamocdo programa -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 misaRebi gamocdis moTxovnebi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 testuri davalebebis nimuSebi da Sefasebis sqemebi ----------------------------------- 8

I. qarTuli literatura ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 a) davalebebis nimuSebi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 b) Sefasebis sqema ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

II. weriTi davalebebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 a) davalebebis nimuSebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 b) weriTi davalebebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi -------------------------------------------- 18

abiturientebis mier Sesrulebuli naSromebis nimuSebi ------------------------- 23

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S e s a v a l i

krebulis mizania, daexmaros abiturientebs moemzadon arCeviTi gamocdisaT-

vis. masSi dabeWdilia sagamocdo programa da testur davalebaTa nimuSebi. testi iyofa or ZiriTad nawilad. pirveliT mowmdeba sagamocdo programiT

gaTvaliswinebuli nawarmoebebis codna da am Txzulebebis calkeuli monakve-Tebis adekvaturi gagebisa da gaazrebis unari, kerZod, abiturients moeTxoveba ama Tu im nawarmoebis fabulisa Tu calkeuli epizodebis gaxseneba, personaJis xasiaTis anda qcevis motivaciis gaazreba da sxv., agreTve, teqstis moyvanili monakveTis arsisa Tu calkeuli sityvisa da frazis marTebuli gageba. davalebe-bi SeiZleba iyos erTquliani, orquliani, samquliani da a. S. (yoveli maTganis ri-giTi nomris marcxena mxares, frCxilebSi miTiTebuli cifri aRniSnavs davale-bis maqsimalur qulas, romlis miRebac SeuZlia abiturients am konkretuli da-valebis sworad Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi). testis pirveli nawilis maqsimaluri qulaa 30.

sagamocdo testis meore nawili amowmebs teqstis adekvaturi gagebis, msjelo-bisa da argumentirebis, kritikuli azrovnebis unars, weris kulturas. es nawi-li ori weriTi davalebisagan Sedgeba. TiToeuli davalebis maqsimaluri qu-laa 25. abiturients evaleba orive weriTi davalebis Sesruleba.

pirveli weriTi davalebiT mowmdeba mxatvruli teqstebis (an maTi nawyvete-bis) SedarebiTi analizis unari konkretuli sami miTiTebis mixedviT. am davale-baSi mocemuli iqneba ori teqsti, romelTagan erTi ar aris Setanili sagamoc-do programaSi, xolo meore SeiZleba iyos rogorc ucnobi, aseve saprogramoc.

meore weriTi davaleba eses daweras moiTxovs. abiturientma unda daasabu-Tos an uaryos pirobaSi mocemuli debuleba, msjelobisas unda gamoiyenos Ses-wavlili literaturuli masala.

sagamocdo testis maqsimaluri qulaa 80. sagamocdo testSi ar ganmeordeba am krebulSi mocemuli arcerTi davaleba.

g i s u r v e b T w a r m a t e b a s !

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sagamocdo programa `literaturaSi~ (arCeviTi gamocda)

1. mxatvruli teqstis

analizisaTvis aucilebeli

literaturaT-mcodneobiTi terminebi

drama, eposi, lirika; poezia, proza; andaza, aforizmi, biografia, elegia, Tqmuleba, igav-araki, ko-

media, legenda, leqsi, memuari, miTi, moTxroba, muxambazi, novela, poema, publicistika, romani, soneti, tragedia, trioleti, Sairi;

abzaci, epigrafi, epilogi, Tema, idea, kompozicia, prologi, riTma, ritmi, siuJeti, strofi, taepi, fabula, finali;

dialogi, monologi, perifrazi, citata; lirikuli gmiri, peizaJi, personaJi, portreti; alegoria, aliteracia, aluzia, gapirovneba, groteski, epiTeti,

ironia, iumori, metafora, motivi, sarkazmi, satira, tropi, Seda-reba, xatovani Tqma, hiperbola;

mxatvruli ena, mxatvruli saxe.

2. literaturuli procesis

ZiriTadi etapebi

sasuliero mwerloba, klasikuri xanis mwerloba, aRorZinebis xanis mwerloba, romantizmi, realizmi, modernizmi, postmoderniz-mi.

3. iakob xucesi `SuSanikis wameba~ (saskolo Semoklebuli varianti).

4. iovane sabanisZe `abo Tbilelis wameba~ (saskolo Semoklebuli varianti).

5. giorgi merCule `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ (saskolo Semoklebuli varianti).

6. SoTa rusTveli

`vefxistyaosani~ (`vefxistyaosnis~ saskolo gamocema n. naTaZisa): `dasawyisidan~ `tarielis TaTbiramde~, `dasasruli~.

7. sulxan-saba orbeliani

`sibrZne-sicruisa~, igav-arakebi: `mefe xorasnisa~, `Zunwi da vaWa-ri~, `ugunuri mcuravi~, `samni brmani~, `mefunduke da didvaWari~.

8. daviT guramiSvili

`daviTiani~: `swavla moswavleTa~, `qarTvel ufalTa megvartomo-bis igavi~, `moTqma xmiTa Tav-bolo erTi~, `qarTvelTa da kaxTa-gan TavianT ufalTad Seorguleba~, `sawyaulis mowyva RvTisagan~, `daviT guramisSvilis lekTagan datyoeba~, `odes datyoebulman urjulos qveyanas sayvarlis saxe da suraTi veRara naxa, amisi moTqma daviTisagan~, `tyveobiTgan gaparva daviTisa~, `Svela RvTi-sagan daviTisa. tyveobidan gamosvla saruseToSi~, `daviT guramis-Svilisagan sawuTos soflis samduravi~.

9. aleqsandre WavWavaZe

leqsi `gogCa~.

10. grigol orbeliani

leqsebi: `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~, `saRamo gamosal-mebisa~, `pasuxi SvilTa~.

11. nikoloz baraTaSvili

leqsebi: `ar ukiJino, satrfoo...~, `merani~, `cisa fers~, `fiqrni mtkvris piras~, `SemoRameba mTawmindaze~, `xma idumali~, `sulo boroto~, `vpove taZari~; poema `bedi qarTlisa~.

12. ilia WavWavaZe

leqsebi: `bednieri eri~, `pasuxis pasuxi~, `Cemo kalamo~; poemebi: `gandegili~, `aCrdili~ _ VII Tavi; moTxrobebi: `kacia-adamiani?!~, `mgzavris werilebi~, `oTaraanT qvrivi~; statia `ra giTxraT, riT gagaxaroT?~

13. akaki wereTeli leqsebi: `aRmarT-aRmarT~, `ganTiadi~, `suliko~, `qebaTa qeba (sxveb-ma svan Rvino...)~; poemebi: `Tornike erisTavi~, `gamzrdeli~.

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14. aleqsandre yazbegi

moTxroba `xevisberi goCa~.

15. vaJa-fSavela

leqsebi: `Cemi vedreba~, `ram Semqmna adamianad~, `kai yma~, `ias uT-xariT turfasa~; poemebi: `aluda qeTelauri~, `baxtrioni~, `stu-mar-maspinZeli~; moTxroba `amodis, naTdeba~; publicisturi weri-li `kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi~.

16. daviT kldiaSvili

moTxroba `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~.

17. niko lorTqifaniZe

moTxroba `Selocva radioTi~.

18. konstantine gamsaxurdia

romani `didostatis marjvena~.

19. mixeil javaxiSvili

romani `jayos xiznebi~.

20. polikarpe kakabaZe

piesa `yvaryvare TuTaberi~ (I da IV moqmedebebi).

21. galaktion

tabiZe

leqsebi: `qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas~, `Tovli~, `me da Rame~, `mTa-wmindis mTvare~, `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~, `Serigeba~, `mSob-liuri efemera~.

22. tician tabiZe leqsebi: `leqsi mewyeri~, `ananurTan~.

23. paolo iaSvili leqsi `poezia~.

24. giorgi leoniZe

leqsebi: `ninowmindis Rame~, `yivCaRis paemani~.

25. guram rCeuliSvili

moTxroba `alaverdoba~.

26. ana kalandaZe leqsi `mkvdarTa mze var~.

27. jemal qarCxaZe moTxroba `igi~.

28. guram doCanaSvili

moTxroba `kaci, romelsac literatura Zlier uyvarda~.

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misaRebi gamocdebis moTxovnebi

abiturientma unda icodes: sagamocdo programaSi Setanil nawarmoebTa siuJetebi (movlenebi, faqtebi da

maTi Tanamimdevroba);

teqstSi mocemuli informacia personaJebis Sesaxeb (portreti, Tavgadasavali, avtoriseuli daxasiaTeba da sxv�);

teqstSi aRweril movlenaTa istoriuli konteqsti, geografiuli saxelebi;

mweralTa biografiebis ZiriTadi momentebi.

abiturients moeTxoveba: enis gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa (rogorc leqsikuris, ise gramatikulis)

adekvaturi gamoyeneba; enobrivi konstruqciebis sworad ageba da Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo

enis normebis dacva;

sxvadasxva daniSnulebis teqstebis Sedgena;

mxatvrul teqstTa leqsikis gageba;

literaturuli masalis safuZvelze problemis dasma, gaazreba da analizi;

nawarmoebis Temisa da ideis, motivebis, calkeuli dialogebis, mxatvruli sa-xeebis, situaciis, koliziis arsisa da personaJTa qcevis motivaciis adekvaturi gaazreba;

argumentebis logikurad, damajereblad Camoyalibeba da Sesabamisi magaliTe-

biT gamyareba; literaturuli nawarmoebis (an misi nawilis) analizi, komentari;

literaturul nawarmoebTa Soris msgavsebebisa da gansxvavebebis migneba da Se-darebiTi analizi;

mwerlis enis, stilis ZiriTadi Taviseburebebisa da gamomsaxvelobiTi saSua-

lebebis sworad aRqma da gaazreba; literaturuli teqstisadmi individualuri damokidebulebis gamovlena.

literaturis sagamocdo testiT Semowmdeba:

argumentirebis unari;

sagamocdo programiT gaTvaliswinebuli masalis gamoyenebis unari;

kiTxvaSi (davalebaSi) miniSnebuli informaciis teqstSi mocemul informacias-Tan gaigivebis (identificirebis) unari;

informaciis gaazrebis, analizis, ganzogadebisa da daskvnis gamotanis unari; damoukidebeli, kritikuli azrovnebis unari;

weriTi metyvelebis unari Tanamedrove saliteraturo enis normebis dacviT.

gTavazobT testuri davalebebis nimuSebs Sesabamisi Sefasebis sqemebiTa da kriteriumebiT:

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I. qarTuli literatura

(2) 1. yuradRebiT waikiTxeT monakveTi iakob xucesisa da SuSanikis pirveli dialogi-

dan: `xolo me vijmen adre da miviwie dabasa mas, romelsa iyo netari SuSanik. da vi-Tarca vixile igi ganmwarebuli, meca vtirode mis Tanave da varqu netarsa SuSa-niks: _ Ruawlsa didsa Seslvad xar, dedofalo. ekrZale sarwmunoebasa qristeis-sa, nuukue mterman, viTarca srsvilman, saZovari poos Sen Tana~.

1. ra `Ruawlis~ Sesaxeb esaubreba iakobi dedofals? 2. am monakveTis mixedviT, ram (vin) SeiZleba SeuSalos xeli SuSaniks sarwmunoebis

dacvaSi? (citireba dauSvebelia!).

(2) 2. gaixseneT iakob xucesis Txzuleba `SuSanikis wameba~.

1. rogor moiqca SuSaniki, rodesac `vinme sparsisagan~ TanagrZnobis sityvebi moismi-na? (SegiZliaT upasuxoT citatiTac).

2. ra argumenti gamoiyena `vinme sparsma~, rodesac varsqens urCia _ dedofals mkac-rad nu moepyrobio? (SegiZliaT upasuxoT citatiTac).

(6) 3. gaixseneT `vefxistyaosnis~ is epizodi, romelSic fatmani nestanis ambavs uyveba

avTandils. 1. ratom ar umxelda Tavdapirvelad fatmani qmars imas, rom sasaxleSi nestans ma-

lavda? 2. ratom gadawyvita man sasaxleSi nestanis yofnis ambavi usenisaTvis gaemxila? 3. ra pirobiT gaumxila fatmanma usens es saidumlo? 4. rodis gaaxsena man qmars es piroba? 5. usenis romeli saqcieliT dadasturda, rom fatmani qmars Turme sworad afasebda? 6. usenis ra Tviseba Cans poemis am epizodSi?

(6) 4. gaixseneT `vefxistyaosnis~ epizodi, romelSic moTxrobilia nestan-darejanis

gaTxovebis ambavi. 1. ratom SeaCera samefo ojaxma arCevani xvarazmSas Zeze? 2. rogor moiqca tarieli samefo karze gamarTuli TaTbiris dros? 3. raSi dasdo brali ganrisxebulma nestanma tariels? 4. riT daemuqra nestani tariels? 5. riT gaamarTla tarielma Tavisi saqcieli? 6. ra daavala nestanma tariels?

(2) 5. wignSi `daviTiani~ vkiTxulobT:

`ymawvili unda swavlobdes sacnoblad Tavisadao: vin aris, sidam mosula, sad aris, wava sadao; vinca qmna Tixa WurWelad, ras uZRvnis xelfasadao; viT rema xnarcvs ar Cavardes, ulagmo da usadao~.

1. pirveli striqonis mixedviT, ra daniSnuleba aqvs swavla-ganaTlebas? 2. vin aris is, `vinca qmna Tixa WurWelad~?

(2) 6. wignSi `daviTiani~ vkiTxulobT:

`marTalia, mZraxvels Zraxva TviT ki avad mouxdebis, magram farva siavisa qveyanas ar mouxdebis! wamxdenelTa da mbaZvelTa kidev sxvac ram wauxdebis, Zraxvave sjobs saZraxavTa, Zraxvas kaci moufTxvebis~.

1. avtoris azriT, ra SeiZleba mohyves simarTlis Tqmas Tavad mTqmelisaTvis? (citi-reba dauSvebelia!).

2. daasaxeleT, konkretulad ris gamo ambobs avtori, rom umjobesia, gasakicxi gai-kicxos (citireba dauSvebelia!).

9

(2) 7. gaixseneT grigol orbelianis leqsi `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~. 1. ratom ar surs gamofxizleba Tamaris freskis Semyure poets? 2. ras uwodebs lirikuli gmiri `crusa~ da `daundobels~?

(2) 8. gaixseneT nikoloz baraTaSvilis leqsi `SemoRameba mTawmindaze~.

1. ra aviwydeba cis `mWvretel~ lirikul gmirs? 2. sad `eZiebs sadgurs~ lirikuli gmiris `gulisTqma~? (SegiZliaT upasuxoT citati-

Tac).

(2) 9. gaixseneT ilia WavWavaZis moTxroba `mgzavris werilebi~.

1. ra ideas ganasaxierebs am moTxrobaSi Tergi? (SegiZliaT upasuxoT citatiTac). 2. qarTvelebis mimarT rusi oficris rogori damokidebulebaa gamoxatuli am nawar-

moebSi?

(2) 10. gaixseneT ilia WavWavaZis moTxroba `oTaraanT qvrivi~.

1. ratom daudga giorgi mojamagired arCils? 2. ratom ver xvdeboda keso giorgis ucnauri qcevis mizezs?

(2) 11. yuradRebiT waikiTxeT monakveTi akaki wereTlis leqsidan `ganTiadi~:

`ver avitane obloba, sisxlis cremlebi vRvareo; wamZlia sulma da gulma, Sens naxvas daveCqareo~.

1. ra igulisxmeba sityvaSi `obloba~? 2. ra mxatvruli saSualebaa gamoyenebuli meore striqonSi?

(2) 12. gaixseneT akaki wereTlis poema `gamzrdeli~.

1. ra garemoeba amZimebs safar-begis danaSauls? 2. ratom iklavs Tavs haji-usubi?

(4) 13. gaixseneT vaJa-fSavelas poema `aluda qeTelauri~.

1. aludam Tqva _ mters imitom ar movkveTe xeli, rom Rirseuli vaJkaci iyoo. ra miuges mas xevsurebma?

2. ra moimoqmeda mindiam aludas simarTlis dasamtkiceblad? 3. rodis miiRo xevisberma gadawyvetileba _ Temidan moekveTa aluda? 4. mokled CamoayalibeT am poemis mTavari saTqmeli.

(2) 14. gaixseneT vaJa-fSavelas poema `stumar-maspinZeli~.

1. ra mizniT surdaT qistebs sakuTari micvalebulisaTvis zviadauris Sewirva? 2. ra uTxra joyolam cols, rodesac gaigo, rom man zviadauri daitira?

(2) 15. gaixseneT daviT kldiaSvilis moTxroba `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~.

1. ris SiSi daeufla platon samaniSvils, rodesac gaigo, rom bekinas colis SerTva surda?

2. ra mizniT gahyva kirile miminaSvili platons sadedinacvlos mosaZebnad?

(3) 16. gaixseneT daviT kldiaSvilis moTxroba `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~.

1. daasaxeleT bekina samaniSvilis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi Tviseba. 2. daasaxeleT aristo qvaSaviZis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi Tviseba. 3. daasaxeleT kirile miminaSvilis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi Tviseba.

(2) 17. gaixseneT niko lorTqifaniZis moTxroba `Selocva radioTi~.

1. ratom gadawyvita elim gvelebTan cekva? 2. riT dasrulda es cekva?

10

(2) 18. gaixseneT mixeil javaxiSvilis romani `jayos xiznebi~. 1. rogor Sexvda Teimuraz xevisTavi revolucias? 2. ra moutana revoluciam Teimurazs?

(2) 19. gaixseneT mixeil javaxiSvilis romani `jayos xiznebi~.

1. qarTuli sazogadoebis romel nawils gamoxatavs simbolurad Teimuraz xevisTa-vis mxatvruli saxe?

2. ratom iyo es romani miuRebeli bolSevikuri xelisuflebisaTvis?

(1) 20. galaktion tabiZis leqsSi `mTawmindis mTvare~ vkiTxulobT:

`mTvare TiTqos zambaxia SuqTa mkrTali mZiviT, da mis SuqSi gaxveuli msubuq sizmariviT mosCans mtkvari da metexi TeTrad moelvare...~.

ra mxatvruli saSualebaa: `SuqTa mkrTali mZiviT~?

(2) 21. gaixseneT konstantine gamsaxurdias romani `didostatis marjvena~.

1. konkretulad ra xerxiT moiSora giorgi pirvelma meamboxe Wiaber erisTavi? 2. ra reaqcia mohyva am ambavs fxovelebSi?

(3) 22. gaixseneT konstantine gamsaxurdias romani `didostatis marjvena~.

1. ra Sinaarsis suraTi daxata arsakiZem, ris gamoc kaTalikosma veRar gabeda misi dacva mefis risxvisagan?

2. rogor Seityo mefem arsakiZis mier daxatuli suraTis Sesaxeb? 3. ra iyo didostatis dasjis namdvili mizezi?

(2) 23. yuradRebiT waikiTxeT monakveTi tician tabiZis leqsidan `ananurTan~:

`garCenili var qvebze kalmaxi da axeuli maqvs layuCebi, SemarTulia fexze Caxmaxi da usikvdilod ver gadvurCebi~.

1. avtoris ra sulieri mdgomareobaa gamoxatuli mocemul monakveTSi? 2. ra mxatvruli saSualebaa gamoyenebuli pirvel striqonSi?

(1) 24. gaixseneT jemal qarCxaZis moTxroba `igi~.

ratom dasajes mTavari personaJi sikvdiliT?

11

Sefasebis sqema

1. iakobi afrTxilebs SuSanik dedofals, rom igi mowamebrivi RvawlisaTvis unda moem-zados. SuSaniks sarwmunoebis dacvaSi SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos eSmakma. 1. mowamebrivi Rvawlis Sesaxeb ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. eSmakma -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

2. `vinme sparsisagan~ TanagrZnobis sityvebi rom moismina, SuSanikma misgan Tavi Sors daiWira (`moizRuda Tavi misi mtkiced~). rodesac varsqens urCia _ dedofals mkacrad nu moepyrobio, `vinme sparsma~ argumentad gamoiyena _ qalis buneba saTuTiao (`dedaTa bunebai iwro ars~). 1. ar ahyva saubarSi (ar endo) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. qali nazia (mosafrTxilebelia...) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

3. Tavdapirvelad fatmani qmars saxlSi nestanis yofnis ambavs imitom ar umxelda, rom ar endoboda mas, rogorc upiro adamians. fatmanma usens sasaxleSi nestanis yofnis ambavi imitom gaumxila, rom eSinoda, mainc gaigebs da damsjiso (marto ver moagvareb-da am saqmes, ver gaarkvevda qalis ambavs). fatmanma mxolod im pirobiT gaumxila usens sasaxleSi nestanis yofnis ambavi, rom is amas aravis etyoda. fatmanma qmars es piroba maSin gaaxsena, rodesac is mefesTan wasasvlelad emzadeboda. mefesTan misulma usenma fatmanisaTvis micemuli fici gatexa da nestanis ambavi gaamJRavna. poemis am epizodSi Cans usenis pirumtkicoba. 1. SiSobda, rom gaamJRavnebda ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. qmris risxvis SeeSinda -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 3. arsad gaamxelda ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 4. mefesTan rom midioda ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 5. pirobis darRveviT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 6. ficis gamtexia ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

4. samefo ojaxma arCevani xvarazmSas Zeze imitom SeaCera, rom xvarazmSa Zlevamosili xelmwife iyo. samefo karze gamarTuli TaTbiris dros tarielma winaaRmdegoba ar ga-uwia mefe-dedofals gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros. ganrisxebulma nestanma tariels brali dasdo RalatSi (simuxTleSi, sicrueSi, usindisobaSi...). nestani tariels daemuq-ra indoeTidan gaZevebiT. tarielma Tavisi saqcieli ase gaamarTla _ winaaRmdegobis gawevas azri ar hqondao (Seni gaTxoveba winaswar iyo gadawyvetili da me verafers Sev-cvlidio). nestanma tariels daavala xvarazmSas Zis ise mokvla, rom misi meomrebi ar daxociliyvnen. 1. xvarazmSas Zlieri saxelmwifo hqonda -----------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. tarieli daeTanxma mefe-dedofals -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 3. ficis gatexaSi; siyvarulis wminda grZnobis SeuracxyofaSi ----------------------------------------1 4. sikvdiliT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 5. samefo ojaxis gadawyvetilebis Secvla ukve SeuZlebeli iyoo ------------------------------------1 6. sasiZos miparviT mokvla -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

5. swavla-ganaTlebis saSualebiT adamianma sakuTari Tavi unda Seicnos. is, `vinca qmna Tixa WurWelad~, aris RmerTi. 1. adamianma sakuTari adgili unda ipovos ---------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. ufali; uzenaesi Semoqmedi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

6. avtoris azriT, simarTlis Tqma Tavad mTqmels daazaralebs. gasakicxi imitom unda gaikicxos, rom adamiani kritikas moerideba (sxvebi gafrTxildebian da imaves aRar Cai-denen). 1. simarTlis mTqmeli daisjeba ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. adamianebi met sifrTxiles gamoiCenen ------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

12

7. Tamaris freskis Semyure poets imitom ar surs gamofxizleba, rom ar daubrundes ubadruk realobas (rom ar ixilos sulierad dacemuli samSoblo). lirikuli gmiri `crusa~ da `daundobels~ uwodebs wuTisofels. 1. rom ar ixilos dabeCavebuli saqarTvelo ------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. saaqaos ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

8. cis `mWvretel~ lirikul gmirs aviwydeba amqveyniuri cxovreba (miwieri yofa, saa-qao...). imqveyniur cxovrebaSi; RvTis saufloSi; lirikuli gmiris `gulisTqma~ saiqioSi (sasufevelSi) `eZiebs sadgurs~. 1. sawuTroeba (materialuri yofa) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. `zenaarT samyofSi~ (wmindanTa gansasvenebelSi) --------------------------------------------------------------1

9. Tergi ganasaxierebs moZraobis, aqtiuri cxovrebis ideas. rusi oficris saxe gamoxa-tavs ruseTis Sovinistur (qedmaRlur, ampartavnul) damokidebulebas dapyrobili qvey-nebis mimarT. 1. aqtiurobis ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. cinikuri --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

10. giorgi arCils mojamagired imitom daudga, rom keso Seuyvarda. keso ver xvdeboda giorgis ucnauri qcevis mizezs, radgan ver warmoedgina, rom glexi Tavadis Seyvarebas gabedavda. 1. arCilis da uyvarda -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. isini sxvadasxva socialur fenas miekuTvnebodnen ---------------------------------------------------------1

11. sityvaSi `obloba~ igulisxmeba samSoblodan Sors yofna. meore striqonSi gamoyene-bulia metafora. 1. ucxoobaSi yofna ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. metafora -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

12. safar-begis danaSauls is garemoeba amZimebs, rom stumrad imyofeboda ZiZiSvilTan, romelmac misi survilis Sesrulebis gamo Tavi safrTxeSi Caigdo. gamzrdeli Tavs imitom iklavs, rom aRzrdilis amoraluri saqcielis gamo pasuxismgeblobas grZnobs. 1. man ZiZiSvilobis adaTi daarRvia ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. Tavis Tavze iRebs pasuxismgeblobas ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

13. aludas naTqvams xevsurebma upasuxes, sikvdili gerCivna sicruis Tqmaso (`gamohqcevi-xar qistiSvils, gaduqcevixar qalada~). mindiam aludas simarTlis dasamtkiceblad mu-calis mklavi moitana. xevisberma aludas Temidan mokveTis gadawyvetileba maSin mii-Ro, rodesac aludam TviTneburad Seswira Savi kurati moklul qists. am poemis mTava-ri saTqmelia _ Tavisuflad (progresulad) moazrovne pirovnebaze CamorCenili sazo-gadoeba Zaladobs. 1. gvatyuebo ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. moklul mucals marjvena moaWra --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 3. rodesac aludam kurati dakla -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 4. Temisa da pirovnebis dapirispirebisas Rirseuli pirovneba Temze maRla dgas ----------1

14. qistebs sakuTari micvalebulisaTvis zviadauris Sewirva imitom surdaT, rom saiqi-oSi misi mosamsaxure yofiliyo. rodesac gaigo, rom aRazam zviadauri daitira, joyo-lam cols uTxra, madli giqniao (qals kargi vaJkacis glova uxdebao). 1. im qveynad rom momsaxureboda --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. kargad moqceulxaro -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

15. rodesac gaigo, rom bekinas colis SerTva surda, platons kidev erTi memkvidris gaCenis SiSi daeufla. kirile miminaSvili platons sadedinacvlos mosaZebnad gasar-Tobad gahyva.

13

1. memkvidreobaSi Semcileblis gaCenis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. TavgadasavlebisaTvis ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

16. bekina samaniSvili jiuti da egoistia (ampartavania). aristo qvaSaviZe gaiZvera da gaq-nilia (eSmakia). kirile miminaSvili udardeli da fuqsavatia. 1. `gadapranWulia~ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. vireSmakaa -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 3. dardimandia (SfoTisTavia) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

17. elim gvelebTan cekva imitom gadawyvita, rom samSobloSi dabrunebis SesaZlebloba moepovebina. es cekva elis sikvdiliT dasrulda. 1. samSobloSi dabruneba surda --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. elis daRupviT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

18. Teimuraz xevisTavi revolucias aRfrTovanebiT (imediT) Sexvda. revoluciam Teimu-razs imedgacrueba (Cagvra, gaRaribeba, gaWirveba...) moutana. 1. aRtyinebiT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. Rirsebis Selaxva -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

19. Teimuraz xevisTavi dauZlurebul da degradirebul qarTvel TavadaznaurTa krebi-Ti saxea. bolSevikuri xelisuflebisaTvis es romani imitom iyo miuRebeli, rom masSi aisaxa bolSevikuri wyobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Zaladoba da usamarTloba. 1. unebisyofo inteligencias --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. realisturad asaxavda Seqmnil viTarebas ------------------------------------------------------------------------1 20. `SuqTa mkrTali mZiviT~ metaforaa.

metafora -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

21. giorgi pirvelma meamboxe Wiaber erisTavi mowamluli jvris saSualebiT moakvlevi-na. am ambis Setyobisas warmarTebs Tavzari daecaT (warmarTebi SiSma Seipyro). 1. kaTalikosis moTxovniT, Wiaberi mowamlul jvars emTxvia da gardaicvala ---------------1 2. SeSinebuli xalxi qristianobisken mobrunda ------------------------------------------------------------------1

22. arsakiZem daxata RmerTTan mebrZoli iakobi. arsakiZis suraTis Sesaxeb mefes fars-manma uTxra. sinamdvileSi mefem didostati Sorenas siyvarulis gamo dasaja. 1. RmerTTan mebrZoli iakobi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. farsmanma uTxra -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 3. eWvianoba -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

23. mocemul monakveTSi gamoxatulia tragizmi (sasowarkveTileba). pirvel striqonSi gamoyenebulia metafora. 1. SeSfoTeba (avi winaTgrZnoba...) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2. metafora -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

24. mTavari personaJi sikvdiliT imitom dasajes, rom igi yvelasagan gamoirCeoda.

sxvebisagan gansxvavdeboda ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

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II. weriTi davalebebi

weriTi davalebis instruqcia:

yuradRebiT gaecaniT davalebebs da gaiazreT isini. Tu naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, ar aris Sesru-

lebuli arc erTi miTiTeba an mocemuli teqsti mTlianobaSi araadekvaturadaa gage-buli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba Wirs, daiwereba 0 qula da naweri aRar gaswordeba.

naSromi Sesrulebuli unda iyos gasagebi (garkveuli) xelweriT. is monakveTebi, ro-melTa amokiTxvac gaZneldeba, ar gaswordeba da Txzulebis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi ar iqneba miRebuli.

orive weriT davalebas Tan axlavs sam-sami miTiTeba. am miTiTebebs unda upasuxoT ise, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad erTiani, mTliani gamovides da ar iyos kiTxvebze cal-calke gacemuli pasuxebis meqanikuri jami an mocemuli teqstis perifrazi (Tundac mTeli Txzulebis Sinaarsis gadmocema). gaiTvaliswineT, rom davalebis miTiTeba Ses-rulebulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi ga-cemuli.

CamoayalibeT Tqveni azri naTlad, mkafiod, detalurad da dasabuTebulad. naSromi Sefasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Cans masSi argumentirebisa (magaliTebiT saku-Tari mosazrebebis dasabuTebis) da damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari da ara imis mi-xedviT, emTxveva Tu ara Tqveni pozicia sayovelTaod aRiarebul Tvalsazriss. msje-loba unda iyos logikurad gamarTuli da abzacebiT danawevrebuli; unda daicvaT saliteraturo enis normebi.

testSi datovebulia furclebi Savi samuSaosaTvis. es naweri ar swordeba. pasuxebis furcelSi daSvebuli Secdoma gadaxazeT, frCxilebSi nu CasvamT da nurc

dajRabniT. weriTi davalebis maqsimaluri qulaa 25.

davaleba # 1

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT monakveTi SoTa rusTvelis poemidan `vefxistyaosani~: ama saqmesa mijnuri nu uxmobs mijnurobasa, dRes erTi undes, xvale sxva, sTmobdes gayrisa Tmobasa; ese mRerasa bediTsa hgavs, vaJTa ymawvilobasa. kargi mijnuri igia, vin iqms soflisa Tmobasa.

ars pirveli mijnuroba ar-daCena, WirTa malva, Tavis-wina igonebdes, niadagmca hqonda xalva, SoriT bneda, SoriT kvdoma, SoriT dagva, SoriT alva, daTmos wyroma moyvrisagan, misi hqondes SiSi, krZalva.

xams, Tavissa xvaSiadsa arvisTana amJRavnebdes, ar bediTad `hais~ zmides, moyvaresa ayivnebdes, arsiT aCndes mijnuroba, arasada iferebdes, misTvis Wiri lxinad uCndes, misTvis cecxlsa moidebdes.

mas uSmago viT miendos, vin moyvare gaamCivnos? amis meti ramca irgo: mas avnos da TviTca ivnos! raTameRa asaxelos, ra sityviTa moayivnos! ra hgava, Tu moyvaresa kacman guli ar atkivnos.

mikvirs, kaci rad iferebs sayvarlisa siyvarulsa: vinca uyvars, rad ayivnebs misTvis mkvdari misTvis wylulsa?! Tu ar uyvars, rad ara sZuls? rad ayivnebs, raca sZulsa?! avsa kacsa avi sityva urCevnia sulsa, gulsa.

15

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT monakveTi fransua viionis poemidan `didi anderZi~: LXV igi, vis ymadac vefice maSin, roca saswrafod vtovebdi parizs, vis gamoc zrunma iZala xmaSi, vis gamoc TavSi brunavda qari, vinc daxra guli eWvis zafrebiT da saqaleTi vinc Semazara, Tavs Tu iqcevda, sxva araferi, eTqva dalocvils... (getyvis, ras ara!) LXVI CemTan, Cems gverdze _ Cemi SetyobiT _ ar ecvleboda wamiT guneba, Cumad ismenda, rasac vetyodi, arc iwonebda, arc iwunebda, metic, rodesac CurCuliT yurTan davexrebodi, arc irxeoda, imedis jaWvze meyefa, surda, dabmuls meyefa misi Teodan. LXVII magram mTavari jado rac ari, erTi sagani sxvad momalanda, saRamo _ dilad, fqvilad _ nacari, xucesi _ almad, jori _ alamdrad, saydris gumbaTad _ fialis fskeri, abati _ paJad, zuCad _ badia... zis andazaSi da fiqrobs Steri: `xaris buStia Tu sanaTia?~ LXVIII ...wyalwyala ludi _ kamkama Rvinod, Tvalis amxeli _ mtrad daundoblad, roca undoda, aRapi _ lxinad, lxini _ aRapad, roca undoda, cis kibed _ Toki, WerSi miskvnili, samoTxis Citad _ yvavis baxala, cixe-darbazad _ qaris wisqvili, ise ra gogo _ mzeTunaxavad. LXIX ase mibamda Tvals siyvaruli, dagmanul karTan mimagdo briyvi. is vinc, _ wagixda ebnis JRaruni, mSralze dagsveso, _ ar morCa xvixvins, vnaxoT, batono, Tu gaZlebs Cemdens, rodesac trfoba CemsaviT dawvavs, gaSpeba pirvel laxvarTa Semdeg, xelT Seatovebs kurtaks da sacvals. LXX vgmob trfobas, vamsxvrev miseul yalibs, sisxliT da cremliT vumarTav brZolas, wavSale codvis yoveli kvali da naisrali aRarsad bolavs. mivdivar xel- da gulcarieli, aw qeba misi, vacxadeb, sxvam Tqvas, merxqveS amovde Cemi vieli, aRar vekuTvni mijnurTa amqars.

(frangulidan Targmna daviT weredianma)

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gaaanalizeT mocemuli teqstebi Semdegi miTiTebebis mixedviT:

imsjeleT, ra aris SoTa rusTvelis teqstis mTavari saTqmeli da ra mxatvruli sa-SualebebiTaa igi gamoxatuli.

imsjeleT, ra aris fransua viionis teqstis mTavari saTqmeli da ra mxatvruli sa-SualebebiTaa igi gamoxatuli.

imsjeleT, ra aqvs am or teqsts saerTo da ra ganasxvavebs maT. Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

davaleba # 2

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT galaktion tabiZis leqsi `Tovli~: me Zlier miyvars iisfer Tovlis qalwulebiviT xididan fena, mwuxare grZnoba civi sisovlis da siyvarulis ase moTmena. Zvirfaso! suli mevseba TovliT: dReebi rbian da me vberdebi! Cems samSobloSi me movvle mxolod udabno lurjad naxaverdebi. oh! aseTia Cemi cxovreba: ianvars moZmed ar veZnelebi, magram me mudam memaxsovreba Seni TovliviT mkrTali xelebi. Zvirfaso! vxedav... vxedav Sens xelebs, uRonod daxrils TovlTa dafnaSi. ielvebs, qreba da kvlav ielvebs Seni mandili am udabnoSi... amitom miyvars iisfer Tovlis Cveni mdinaris xididan fena, mwuxare grZnoba qrolis, mimovlis da zambaxebis wyebad dawvena. Tovs! aseTi dRis xarebam lurji da daRaluli sizmriT damTova. rogorme zamTars Tu gadavurCi, rogorme qarma Tu mimatova! aris gza, aris neli TamaSi... da Sen midixar marto, sul marto! me Tovli miyvars, rogorc Sens xmaSi erT dros faruli dardi miyvarda! miyvarda maSin, maTrobda maSin mSvidi dReebis TeTri broleba, mindvris foTlebi Sens daSlil TmaSi da Tmebis qariT gamoqroleba. momwyurdi exla, ise momwyurdi, viT ubinaos _ yofna binaSi... TeTri tyeebis mimyveba gundi da kvlav marto var me Cems winaSe. Tovs! amnair dRis xarebam lurji da daRaluli fifqiT damTova. rogorme zamTars Tu gadavurCi! rogorme qarma Tu mimatova!

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yuradRebiT waikiTxeT nawyveti jeimz joisis moTxrobidan `micvalebulni~: qals gulis ZiliT eZina. idayvze dayrdnobili gebrieli erTxans dascqeroda mis awewil Tmasa da naxevrad

daRebul pirs, yurs ugdebda mis Rrma sunTqvas. ukve gadahyroda gulidan aRSfoTeba da gaboroteba. ai, Turme rogori romantiuli ambavi SemTxvevia cxovrebaSi: kaci misi gulisTvis momkvdara. TiTqmis aRar swyinda imaze fiqri, Tu rogori ubadruki roli uTamaSia TviTon, qmars, sakuTari colis cxovrebaSi. ise Sehyurebda mZinares, TiTqos col-qmari arc arasodes yofiliyvnen. misi cnobismoyvare mzera didxans daJinebiT aTvalierebda qalis saxesa da Tmas. imaze fiqrobda, rogori unda yofiliyo igi maSin, qalwulebrivi mSvenebis gafurCqvnis Jams, da ucnauri, megobruli sibraluli eRvrebo-da sulSi. Tavis Tavsac ar utydeboda, rom am saxes ukve dahkargvoda uwindeli mSvene-ba, magram icoda, es is saxe aRar iyo, romlisTvisac maikl farei sikvdils ar SeuSinda.

iqneb qals yvelaferi arc uambnia. Tvali skams moxvda, romelzedac uwesrigod iyo miyrili tanisamosi. qveda kabis zonari iatakze CamoSvebuliyo. cali fexsacmeli swo-rad idga, rbili yeli gverdze gadahkecoda; meore fexsacmeli iqve egdo...

oTaxSi griloda da mxrebze Sescivda. frTxilad Caiwia sabanqveS, cols gverdiT miuwva.

dRes erTi, xval sxva, sabolood ki yvelani Crdilad iqcevian. umjobesia, vaJkacu-rad dastovo sawuTro da vnebiT gulaRgznebuli waxvide imqveynad, vidre wlidan wlam-de daWkne, sawyaloblad daCaCanakde. Turme ramden wels utarebia gulSi am qals, ax-la rom mis gverdiT iwva, Tvalebi Tavisi mkvdari satrfosi, Tvalebi maSindeli, roca ymawvili sicocxleze ambobda uars.

didsulovnebis cremlebi Caudga TvalebSi. TviTon arasodes ganucdia msgavsi ram, arc erT qals ar gauRviZebia mis gulSi aseTi grZnoba. magram icoda, swored es iyo siyvaruli. cremlebma mzera daubinda da am bindSi Tvalwin warmoudga xateba gawuwu-li xis qveS atuzuli biWisa. iqve sxva Crdilebic isaxebodnen. suli misi im zRvars mi-eaxla, romlis miRma saiqios binadarni sufevdnen. grZnobda, Tumc ver Caswvdomoda maTs rialsa da cvalebadobas.

misi sakuTari arseba, misi meoba mTlianad gaqra, ganqarda am rux, mouxelTebel samyaroSi. xiluli, xelSesaxebi samyaro, romelsac es micvalebulni odesRac TviTon qmnidnen da aSenebdnen, samyaro, sadac odesRac cxovrobdnen, TandaTanobiT mqrqalde-boda, icriceboda, da bolos sul mTlad uCinardeboda.

msubuqma Srialma fanjrisken miaxeda. isev daiwyo Tova. Tvlemamoreuli gascqeroda vercxlisfer da muq fifqebs, cerad rom mofrinavdnen farnis sinaTleSi. masac uwia daRma svlis Jamma. diax, gazeTebi marTals werdnen: mTel irlandiaSi Tovda. Tovda Cabnelebul centralur vakeze, aTovda utyeo borcvebs, Tovli lbilad efineboda ale-nis Waobebs, ufro Sors, dasavleTiT, msubuqad eSveboda Senonis Camuqebul, mSfoTvare talRebSi. aTovda eul sasaflaos patara borcvze, sadac maikl farei ganisvenebda. Tovli sqlad dasdeboda waferdebul jvrebsa da samaris qvebs, dabali WiSkris bo-Zebs, eklian buCqebs.

smenas swvdeboda msubuqi Cqami da suli misi nel-nela inTqmeboda Tovlis Srial-Si... aTovda mTel dedamiwas, rogorc moaxloeba aRsasrulis Jamisa; wynarad aTovdaT cocxalTac da micvalebulTac.

(inglisuridan Targmna lia imerliSvilma)

gaaanalizeT mocemuli teqstebi Semdegi miTiTebebis mixedviT:

imsjeleT, ra aris galaktion tabiZis teqstis mTavari saTqmeli da ra mxatvruli saSualebebiTaa igi gamoxatuli.

imsjeleT, ra aris jeimz joisis teqstis mTavari saTqmeli da ra mxatvruli saSualebebiTaa igi gamoxatuli.

imsjeleT, ra aqvs am or teqsts saerTo da ra ganasxvavebs maT. Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

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davaleba # 3

werilSi `saqarTvelos moambezed~ ilia WavWavaZe aRniSnavs: `bevrni arian CvenSi imisTanani, romelnic cdiloben Cvenis cxovrebis siborotis da-

malvasa, eg imaT mosdiT qarTvelebis umecar siyvarulisa gamo, is ki ar ician, rom di-di xania aris CvenSi glexuri andaza: moyvares pirSi uZraxe, mters pirs ukanao... sabed-nierod arian CvenSi imisTana pirnic, romelTac Cvenzed ukeT ician, rom vinc SeniSnavs marTlad sxvis naklulovanebas, SeiZleba masve undodes gasworeba da sikeTe misi. rac

ufro mkafiod da daundoblad aris gamoTqmuli boroteba da naklulovaneba cxovrebi-sa, zogjer miT ufro sCans gamomTqmelis gulis simxurvale, mouTmeneli, cxari wadi-li gasworebisa~.

argumentirebuli msjelobiT daasabuTeT an uaryaviT es mosazreba:

Tqven mier Seswavlili mxatvruli literaturidan moiyvaneT erTi an ramdenime ar-gumenti mocemuli mosazrebis gasamyareblad an uarsayofad.

imsjeleT Tqven mier dasaxelebuli nawarmoebis mxatvruli Rirsebebis Sesaxeb.

CamoayalibeT Tqveni pirovnuli pozicia (axseniT, ratom eTanxmebiT an ar eTanxmebiT ilia WavWavaZis mocemul Tvalsazriss). Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

davaleba # 4

1883 wels publicisti estate mWedliZe `kritikul mimoxilvaSi~ werda: `ilia WavWavaZis poema `gandegilidan~ sCans, rom Cvenma erTma ukeTesma poetTaganma

TiTqo mianeba Tavi cxovrebiTis sakiTxebis gamoxatvas poeziaSi, TiTqo TviTon cxov-rebasac Seswyra da mis avsa da kargs gverdi auqcia!.. baton WavWavaZis pesimisturs Se-xedulebas `saaqaozed~ samzRvari ara aqvs... amas mainc ver davarqmevT Cvenis mwerlobis fexis win wadgmas. piriqiT, Zalian samwuxaro iqneba, Tu Cvenma niWierma poetebma rea-lurs cxovrebas, rogorc erTs raime Wirians, Tvali aarides da gansveneba eZies `gan-degilisTana~ poemebSi...~

argumentirebuli msjelobiT daasabuTeT an uaryaviT es mosazreba:

imsjeleT, ratom eTanxmebiT an ar eTanxmebiT mocemul Tvalsazriss (argumentebi moixmeT ilia WavWavaZis `gandegilidan~).

imsjeleT am poemis mxatvruli Rirebulebis Sesaxeb.

CamoayalibeT Tqveni pirovnuli pozicia poemaSi wamoWrili problemis mimarT (msje-lobisas SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT sxva mxatvruli nawarmoebi, filmi, speqtakli, cxov-rebiseuli gamocdileba da a. S.). Tqveni Tvalsazrisi daasabuTeT!

weriTi davalebebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi

weriTi davalebis maqsimaluri qulaa 25. upirveles yovlisa, gamsworebelma unda gansazRvros, upasuxebs Tu ara naweri mocemul davalebas.

Tu abiturientis naSromi davalebas ar upasuxebs, mocemuli teqstis perifrazia, miTiTebebi mxolod erT-ori winadadebiT aris Sesrulebuli an teqsti mTlianobaSi araadekvaturadaa gagebuli, anda enobrivad imdenad gaumarTavia, rom azris gageba Wirs, daiwereba 0 qula da naweri aRar gaswordeba.

Tu namuSevari davalebas upasuxebs, igi unda gaswordes qvemoT mocemuli Sefasebis kriteriumebis mixedviT.

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I kriteriumi

# davalebis adekvaturad gageba da gaazreba

qulebi

1.

davalebis piroba adekvaturadaa gagebuli, teqsti Rrmadaa gaazrebu-li, naSromSi igrZnoba avtoris umTavresi saTqmelisa da emociurimizandasaxulobis wvdoma.

4

2. davalebis piroba da teqsti adekvaturadaa gagebuli.

3

3.

davalebis piroba da teqsti mTlianobaSi adekvaturadaa gagebuli dagaazrebuli, Tumca erT SemTxvevaSi SeiniSneba davalebis pirobis anteqstis araadekvaturi gageba.

2

4.

erTze met SemTxvevaSi davalebis piroba an/da teqsti araadekvatura-daa gagebuli.

1

5.

teqsti mTlianobaSi araadekvaturadaa gagebuli.

0 naweriaRar

swordeba

II kriteriumi

# naSromis ageba

qulebi

1.

naSromi upasuxebs samive miTiTebas da kargadaa organizebuli, monak-veTebi Tanamimdevrulad da logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebisworadaa gamoyofili (davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar CaiTvle-ba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba pasuxi gacemuli).

3

2.

naSromi upasuxebs sam miTiTebas, Tumca nawilobriv darRveulia teq-stis logika an/da zogan abzacebi arasworadaa gamoyofili; an naS-romi upasuxebs or miTiTebas da kargadaa organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi swo-radaa gamoyofili.

2

3.

naSromi upasuxebs or miTiTebas, Tumca nawilobriv darRveulia teqs-tis logika an/da zogan abzacebi arasworadaa gamoyofili; an naSro-mi upasuxebs erT miTiTebas da kargadaa organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi swo-radaa gamoyofili.

1

4.

naSromi upasuxebs erT miTiTebas, Tumca nawilobriv darRveulia teq-stis logika an/da zogan abzacebi arasworadaa gamoyofili.

0

20

III kriteriumi

# mosazrebebis argumentireba da adekvaturi citireba

qulebi

1.

msjeloba samive miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia (argumentirebu-lia) da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT.

6

2.

msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gam-yarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTebaze msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT.

5

3.

msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTeba saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli (perifrazia an msjeloba oriode winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli).

4

4.

msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gam-yarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo or miTiTebaze msjelobisas argu-mentebi aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masa-liT.

3

5.

msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gam-yarebulia teqsturi masaliT, meore miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisasargumentebi aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturimasaliT, xolo mesame miTiTeba saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli (peri-frazia an msjeloba oriode winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli).

2

6.

samive miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebeliada/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT.

1

7.

ori miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebeliada/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTebasaerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli; an msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixed-viT dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo danarCeni miTiTebebi saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli; anda er-Ti miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebeliada/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT, xolo danarCeni miTi-Tebebi saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli.

0

21

IV kriteriumi

# teqstis mxatvruli Taviseburebebis Sefaseba

qulebi

1.

naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis araerTi mxatvruli Tavisebureba (mo-cemulia msjeloba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebisSesaxeb) da msjeloba dasabuTebulia konkretuli magaliTebiT.

2

2.

naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis araerTi mxatvruli Tavisebureba (mo-cemulia msjeloba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebisSesaxeb) da msjeloba dasabuTebulia konkretuli magaliTebiT, Tum-ca moxmobilia erTi araadekvaturi magaliTi; anda gamoyofilia teqs-tis erTi mxatvruli Tavisebureba da msjeloba dasabuTebulia konk-retuli magaliTiT.

1

3.

naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis mxatvruli Taviseburebebi (mocemuliamsjeloba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebis Sesaxeb), magram ar aris dasabuTebuli konkretuli magaliTebiT an moxmobi-lia erTze meti araadekvaturi magaliTi; anda naSromSi ar aris gamo-yofili teqstis mxatvruli Taviseburebebi (ar aris mocemuli msje-loba avtoris stilisa da/an mxatvruli saSualebebis Sesaxeb).

0

V kriteriumi

# damoukidebeli azrovneba da zogadi ganaTleba

qulebi

1.

naSromSi mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrovne-bis unari, SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba da zogadiganaTleba.

3

2.

naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrov-nebis unari, Tumca mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis zogadi ganaT-leba; anda naSromSi mkafiod gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebe-li azrovnebis unari, SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba, Tumca nawilobriv gamovlinda abiturientis zogadi ganaTleba.

2

3.

naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda abiturientis zogadi ganaTlebacda damoukidebeli azrovnebis unaric; an ar gamovlinda abiturientisdamoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, Tumca nawilobriv gamovlinda abi-turientis zogadi ganaTleba; anda naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlindaabiturientis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, magram ar gamovlindaabiturientis zogadi ganaTleba.

1

4.

naSromSi ar gamovlinda abiturientis damoukidebeli azrovnebis una-ri, agreTve ar gamovlinda abiturientis zogadi ganaTleba.

0

VI kriteriumi

# faqtobrivi Secdomebi

qulebi

1. naSromSi ar aris daSvebuli faqtobrivi Secdoma.

1

2. naSromSi daSvebulia faqtobrivi Secdoma.

0

22

VII kriteriumi

# leqsika da stili

qulebi

1.

naSromSi azri enobrivad (leqsikurad) zustad da mkafiodaa gamoxa-tuli, SerCeulia dasmuli amocanis Sesaferisi stili, agreTve dacu-lia naSromis stilisturi erTgvarovneba, gvxvdeba oriode stilis-turi xarvezi.

2

2.

naSromSi azri gasagebia, magram leqsika mwiria, gvxvdeba ramdenimestilisturi xarvezi.

1

3. Txzuleba stilisturad gaumarTavia.

0

VIII kriteriumi

# sintaqsuri konstruqciebi

qulebi

1. naSromSi daSvebulia erTi sintaqsuri Secdoma.

2

2. naSromSi daSvebulia ori sintaqsuri Secdoma.

1

3. naSromSi daSvebulia orze meti sintaqsuri Secdoma.

0

IX kriteriumi

# morfologia, orTografia da punqtuacia

qulebi

1. ar aris oTxze meti am tipis Secdoma.

2

2. ar aris cxraze meti am tipis Secdoma.

1

3. daSvebulia cxraze meti am tipis Secdoma.

0

gTavazobT or saitereso nimuSs erTian erovnul gamocdebze abiturientebis mier Sesrulebuli naSromebidan (stili yvelgan daculia):

23

ix. davaleba #2

`martoobis ordenis kavaleri~ Tavis leqsSi kvlav exeba miuwvdomeli siyvarulis Temas. `meriSi~ galaktionma dagvanaxva, Tu rogor SeuZlia mas ganicados trfoba. ta-biZis nebismieri leqsi, iqneba es `me da Rame~ Tu `mTawmindis Rame~, Zalian sevdian grZnobebs aRZravs mkiTxvelSi. `TovlSic~ ar Ralatobs poeti sakuTar Tavs da liri-kuli gmiris gancdebs ulamazesad gvixatavs iisferi Tovlis fonze. Tovli mTeli leqsis ganmavlobaSi simbolur saxes atarebs. Cemi azriT, isaa mogonebebi, warsuli, romelic poets odesRac gamocdil grZnobebs uRviZebs. Cven dazustebiT ver vityviT, Tu ra mizniT dawera `mefem da mgosanma~ Tavisi leqsi. is xom yvelaze amoucnobi ro-mantikosi iyo. rogorc TviTon Tqva: `ra ician megobrebma, Tu ra naRvels itevs gu-li...~ marTlac, saidan unda vicodeT zustad lirikosis grZnobebi, Cven mxolod vxvde-biT, rom galaktionisTvis Tovli ar iyo mxolod movlena. lirikuli gmiri sayvedu-robs cxovrebas:

`oh! aseTia Cemi cxovreba: ianvars moZmed ar veZnelebi...~

magram, miuxedavad sirTuleebisa, galaktioni mainc ar vardeba sasowarkveTilebaSi. is ramdenjerme imeorebs: `rogorme zamTars Tu gadavurCi...~ amiT is gvanaxvebs, rom, mar-Talia, lirikosi martoa, magram mas mainc surs cxovrebis gagrZeleba, ar unda sikvdi-li... poeti gvanaxvebs, rom `samyaros siyvaruli atrialebs~. is iyenebs Sedarebas `qal-wuliviT~, raTa Tovli sufTa da ucodvel raimesTan gaaigivos. Tavisi satrfos xe-lebs is aseve Tovls adarebs, masaviT mkrTalia mijnuris daRlili xelebi. aseve iye-nebs Sedarebas: `viT ubinaos _ yofna binaSi...~ amiT is mkiTxvels gvanaxvebs, Tu rogor moenatra mas Tavisi mijnuri.

irlandieli mwerali didi ostatia qveteqstebis daxatvis. Tavisi niWi man `ulise-Si~ gamoavlina. marTalia, misi es cnobili romani naklebadaa romantikuli, magram `mi-cvalebulni~ antipodia `ulisesi~. Cven vxedavT qmars, romelsac `ubadruki roli uT-amaSia... sakuTari colis cxovrebaSi~. es erTi winadadeba gadmogvcems mTeli moTxro-bis mTavar azrs. diax, gebrieli Tavis colTan aris, magram misi coli ar aris masTan. am paradoqsuli fraziT SemiZlia vTqva, rom fizikuri siaxlove ar niSnavs sulier si-axlovesac. Teimurazi da margo erTad cxovrobdnen, magram ucxoni iyvnen erTmaneTisT-vis. tolstoim Tqva: `siyvaruli niSnavs cocxlobde imis sicocxliT, vinc giyvars~. Cven vxedavT, rom joisis moTxrobis gmirebi erTmaneTiT ar cxovroben. qals Tavisi yofi-li megobari maikli udgas Tvalwin. vxedavT, rom kacs Surs Tavisi colis, radgan Tvi-Ton arasodes ganucdia siyvaruli. joisi mkiTxvels gvanaxvebs, Tu rogori ar unda iyos urTierToba col-qmars Soris. ara Segueba, aramed siyvaruli unda iyos qvakuTxe-di urTierTobisa. Tovli... `aTovda mTel dedamiwas~. es aris simbolo raRac Zlierisa, iseTi grZnobisa, romelic yvelas eufleba... jeimzi iyenebs epiTets `Rrma~, rac kargad gvanaxvebs, Tu rogor sunTqavda qali. metaforiT `Crdilad iqcevian~ ielandieli mwe-rali sicocxlis warmomavlobas gviCvenebs, xolo zemoxsenebuli Tovli mas Sedarebu-li aqvs aRsasrulis moaxloebis JamTan, romelic, ra Tqma unda, yvelas wamoeweva adre Tu gvian...

upirveles yovlisa, unda aRvniSnoT `Tovli~, romelic, TiTqos, laitmotivad gas-devs orive teqsts. orive mweralTan is raRac civsa da miukarebels aRniSnavs, magram leqsis lirikul gmirs is axsenebs mijnurs, romelic arasodes hyolia gebriels. galak-tioni Sorsaa Tavisi satrfosgan, magram masTan mainc ganicdis siaxloves, axsovs misi `Tmebis qariviT gamoqroleba~. xolo gebrieli colTan erTad wevs, magram is misTvis ukve ucxoa. CemTvis galaktioni aris joisis maikl farei, romelmac siyvarulisTvis Tavi gawira. galaktionis leqsic da jeimzis moTxrobac gadmogvcems tragikul isto-rias siyvarulis Sesaxeb, magram fabula odnav gansxvavebulia.

24

ix. davaleba #4

me absoluturad ar veTanxmebi estate mWedliZis mocemul Tvalsazriss. ilia WavWa-vaZe mTeli Tavisi SemoqmedebiT, proziTa Tu poeziiT `cxovrebis ZirSi~ Cadis da Tana-medroveobis yvela mwvave problematikas asaxavs, mkiTxvelisTvis moaqvs sarke, romel-Si Caxedvamac adamians sakuTari mankierebebi unda daanaxos. gamonaklisi arc poema `gandegilia~. Tuki ilias marTlac `pesimisturi Sexedulebebi~ aqvs `saaqaozed~, maSin ratomaa aseTi damajerebeli argumentebi mwyemsi qalisa, romelic wuTisoflis sitkbo-ebasa da siameze saubrobs? Cemi azriT, mocemuli poemis mizani sulac araa gandegilo-bis upiratesobis warmoCena da realobisTvis Tavis arideba. nawarmoebis erT-erT pasaJ-Si gandegili aRtacebiT Sescqeris mzis Casvlas. amgvari grZnobebiTve imsWvaleba mwyemsi qalic. oriveni mzeSi uflis xatebas xedaven. `xsnis gza yvelgan aris~, _ wers ilia Wav-WavaZe poemaSi da swored am fraziT warmoaCens poemis mTavar ideas: adamianma unda air-Cios is gza, romlis gavlac ZaluZs, raTa erTi nabijiT miuaxlovdes srulyofilebas.

poema `gandegili~ ilia WavWavaZis erT-erTi yvelaze xSirad ganxiluli nawarmoebia. masSi tropuli metyvelebis uamrav saSualebas vxvdebiT. aRsaniSnavia metafora gande-gilis sityvebSi, rodesac igi wuTisofels `sulis borkils~ uwodebs. Txroba saoc-rad dinamikuri da eqspresiulia, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac zeciuri sxivi aRar iWers gandegilis locvans da sasowarkveTili beri ugzoukvlod daexeteba. sayuradRe-boa agreTve Semdegi epiTeti: `tyveqmnili Tvali~. mwyemsi qalisa da gandegilis dialo-gebiT gadmoicema maTi Sexedulebebi wuTisofelze. Tvalwarmtacadaa aRwerili qalis mSveniereba da gandegilis mcire portreti (`ar iyo xnier, magram simSvide...~).

mocemul poemaSi wamoWrili problemis ganxilvisas maxsendeba eqvTime TayaiSvili, romelic aqtiurad iyo CarTuli sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi. man didbunebovneba gamo-amJRavna, rodesac ucxoeTSi dakaguli saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis ganZi ukleb-liv daabruna samSobloSi, rodesac Tavisuflad SeeZlo misi mcire nawilis gayidva da Tavis daxsna siduxWirisagan. eqvTime TayaiSvili wmindanad Seracxes misi mTeli Rirseuli cxovrebis gaTvaliswinebiT. es, Cemi azriT, erT-erTi yvelaze TvalsaCino ma-galiTia imisa, rom ar aris aucilebeli adamianma wuTisofeli uaryos da mxolod as-keturi gziT icxovros. `gandegilis~ mTavari saTmelic swored esaa. agreTve maxsende-ba erix maria remarkis `triumfaluri TaRi~, romelSic vecnobiT fanatikurad morwmu-ne eqTans. igi gamudmebiT akritikebs mTavar personaJs, raviks, misi urwmunoebis gamo. Tavad eqTani mrisxane, ukmex adamianad warmoCndeba. erT-erT epizodSi raviki eubneba mas, rom miuxedavad rwmenis arqonisa, mainc eqTanze ufro Semwynarebelia. Cemi azriT, es pa-saJi aTeizms ki ar qadagebs, aramed gvacnobs, rom mTavaria ara `ra~, aramed _ `rogor~.